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Chang SS, Cheng CC, Chen YR, Chen FW, Cheng YM, Wang JM. Epithelial CEBPD activates fibronectin and enhances macrophage adhesion in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:328. [PMID: 39025831 PMCID: PMC11258324 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a cause of acute kidney injury in patients after renal transplantation and leads to high morbidity and mortality. Damaged kidney resident cells release cytokines and chemokines, which rapidly recruit leukocytes. Fibronectin (FN-1) contributes to immune cell migration, adhesion and growth in inflamed tissues. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta is responsive to inflammatory cytokines and stresses and plays functional roles in cell motility, extracellular matrix production and immune responses. We found that the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta was increased in renal epithelial cells in IRI mice compared with sham mice. Following IRI, the colocalization of FN-1 with the macrophage marker F4/80 was increased in renal injury model wild-type mice but was significantly attenuated in Cebpd-deficient mice. Inactivation of CEBPD can repress hypoxia-induced FN-1 expression in HK-2 cells. Moreover, the inactivation of CEBPD and FN-1 also reduces macrophage accumulation in HK-2 cells. These findings suggest that the involvement of CEBPD in macrophage accumulation through the activation of FN-1 expression and the inhibition of CEBPD can protect against renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Shin Chang
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, National Chung Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ren Chen
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Wei Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, 700, Taiwan.
| | - Ju-Ming Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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2
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Yoshimoto T, Chaya T, Varner LR, Ando M, Tsujii T, Motooka D, Kimura K, Furukawa T. The Rax homeoprotein in Müller glial cells is required for homeostasis maintenance of the postnatal mouse retina. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105461. [PMID: 37977220 PMCID: PMC10714373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Müller glial cells, which are the most predominant glial subtype in the retina, play multiple important roles, including the maintenance of structural integrity, homeostasis, and physiological functions of the retina. We have previously found that the Rax homeoprotein is expressed in postnatal and mature Müller glial cells in the mouse retina. However, the function of Rax in postnatal and mature Müller glial cells remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we first investigated Rax function in retinal development using retroviral lineage analysis and found that Rax controls the specification of late-born retinal cell types, including Müller glial cells in the postnatal retina. We next generated Rax tamoxifen-induced conditional KO (Rax iCKO) mice, where Rax can be depleted in mTFP-labeled Müller glial cells upon tamoxifen treatment, by crossing Raxflox/flox mice with Rlbp1-CreERT2 mice, which we have produced. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a characteristic of reactive gliosis and enhanced gliosis of Müller glial cells in Rax iCKO retinas under normal and stress conditions, respectively. We performed RNA-seq analysis on mTFP-positive cells purified from the Rax iCKO retina and found significantly reduced expression of suppressor of cytokinesignaling-3 (Socs3). Reporter gene assays showed that Rax directly transactivates the Socs3 promoter. We observed decreased expression of Socs3 in Müller glial cells of Rax iCKO retinas by immunostaining. Taken together, the present results suggest that Rax suppresses inflammation in Müller glial cells by transactivating Socs3. This study sheds light on the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying retinal Müller glial cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshimoto
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Taro Chaya
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Leah R Varner
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Ando
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshinori Tsujii
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takahisa Furukawa
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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3
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Peng C, Zhu J, Guo H, Zhao L, Wu F, Liu B. Long non-coding RNA TLR8-AS1 induces preeclampsia through increasing TLR8/STAT1 axis. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1245-1257. [PMID: 37199563 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our current study tried to assay the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) TLR8-AS1 in regulating preeclampsia. METHODS TLR8-AS1 expression was examined in the clinical placental tissues of preeclampsia patients and the trophoblast cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Then, different lentivirus was infected into trophoblast cells to study the role of TLR8-AS1 in cell functions. Furthermore, interactions among TLR8-AS1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) were determined. A rat model of preeclampsia induced by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester was developed to validate the in-vitro findings. RESULTS High expression of TLR8-AS1 was detected in placental tissues of preeclampsia patients and LPS-induced trophoblast cells. In addition, overexpression of TLR8-AS1 arrested the proliferation, migration and invasion of trophoblast cells, which was related to the upregulation of TLR8 expression. Mechanistically, TLR8-AS1 recruited STAT1 to bind to the TLR8 promoter region, and thus promoted the transcription of TLR8. Meanwhile, overexpression of TLR8-AS1 was shown to aggravate preeclampsia by elevating TLR8 in vivo . CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that TLR8-AS1 aggravated the progression of preeclampsia through increasing the expression of STAT1 and TLR8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Peng
- Department of Obstetrics, The Haining Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haining
| | - Jianbin Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, Changsha Ning Er Maternity Hospital, Changsha
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
| | - Feifei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Changsha Ning Er Maternity Hospital, Changsha
| | - Bo Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P. R. China
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Ma X, Yang F, Wu J, Xu B, Jiang M, Sun Y, Sun C, Yu Y, Xu D, Xiao L, Ren C, Chen C, Ye Z, Liang J, Lin J, Chen W. Efficacy and Safety of Tofacitinib in Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica (EAST PMR): An open-label randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 2023; 20:e1004249. [PMID: 37384596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a common inflammatory disease in elderly persons whose mechanism of pathogenesis has not been elucidated. Glucocorticoids are the main first-line treatments but result in numerous side effects. Therefore, there is a need to explore pathogenetic factors and identify possible glucocorticoid-sparing agents. We aimed to study the pathogenetic features of the disease and assess the efficacy and safety of Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK)-inhibitor tofacitinib in patients with PMR. METHODS AND FINDINGS We recruited treatment-naïve PMR patients from the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, between September 2020 and September 2022. In the first cohort, we found that the gene expression patterns of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 11 patients (10 female, 1 male, age 68.0 ± 8.3) with newly diagnosed PMR were significantly different from 20 healthy controls (17 female, 3 male, age 63.7 ± 9.8) by RNA sequencing. Inflammatory response and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction were the most notable pathways affected. We observed marked increases in expression of IL6R, IL1B, IL1R1, JAK2, TLR2, TLR4, TLR8, CCR1, CR1, S100A8, S100A12, and IL17RA, which could trigger JAK signaling. Furthermore, tofacitinib suppressed the IL-6R and JAK2 expression of CD4+T cells from patients with PMR in vitro. In the second cohort, patients with PMR were randomized and treated with tofacitinib or glucocorticoids (1/1) for 24 weeks. All PMR patients underwent clinical and laboratory examinations at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks, and PMR activity disease scores (PMR-AS) were calculated. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with PMR-AS ≤10 at weeks 12 and 24. Secondary endpoints: PMR-AS score, c-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at weeks 12 and 24. Thirty-nine patients with newly diagnosed PMR received tofacitinib, and 37 patients received glucocorticoid. Thirty-five patients (29 female, 6 male, age 64.4 ± 8.4) and 32 patients (23 female, 9 male, age 65.3 ± 8.7) patients completed the 24-week intervention, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in primary or secondary outcomes. At weeks 12 and 24, all patients in both groups had PMR-AS <10. PMR-AS, CRP, and ESR were all significantly decreased in both groups. No severe adverse events were observed in either group. Study limitations included the single-center study design with a short observation period. CONCLUSIONS We found that JAK signaling was involved in the pathogenesis of PMR. Tofacitinib effectively treated patients with PMR as glucocorticoid does in this randomized, monocenter, open-label, controlled trial (ChiCTR2000038253). TRIAL REGISTRATION This investigator-initiated clinical trial (IIT) had been registered on the website (http://www.chictr.org.cn/, ChiCTR2000038253).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Ma
- Division of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinzhi Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bei Xu
- Division of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengdi Jiang
- Division of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiduo Sun
- Division of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuanying Sun
- Division of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Yu
- Division of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danyi Xu
- Division of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanlan Xiao
- Division of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunyun Ren
- Division of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- AnJi Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, HuZhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zi Ye
- LinHai First People's Hospital, TaiZhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junyu Liang
- Division of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqian Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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PTX3 Protects Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Damage in Sepsis Through Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2022; 45:2339-2351. [PMID: 35687213 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to confirm the protective effect of Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) on intestinal mucosal barrier damage in sepsis in animal and cell models and explore its mechanism. Analysis of the GSE147775 gene set revealed that the level of PTX3 was upregulated in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat sepsis model. The mice sepsis model was established by cecal ligation perforation (CLP), and the cell inflammation model was induced by LPS. Cell apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related protein were detected by flow cytometry and Western blotting. The PTX3 level was significantly upregulated in the mice sepsis model. Intestinal mucosal barrier damage was aggravated and inflammatory factor expression was upregulated after PTX3 downregulation in sepsis mice. After upregulation of PTX3, intestinal mucosal barrier damage was alleviated and inflammatory factor expression was decreased in sepsis mice. Further data mining suggested that the anti-inflammatory effect of PTX3 might be realized through inhibition of the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. Moreover, compared with the LPS group, downregulation of PTX3 increased cell apoptosis and the levels of BCL2-associated X (Bax), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and decreased the levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), zona occludens (ZO)-1, and occludin. On the contrary, overexpression of PTX3 reduced cell apoptosis and the levels of Bax, MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ. Moreover, downregulation of PTX3 reversed the inhibitive effects on cell apoptosis and inflammation and promotive effects on the levels of Zo-1 and occludin induced by CLI-095 (a TLR signaling pathway inhibitor). In the CLP-induced mice sepsis model and LPS-induced cell inflammation model, PTX3 inhibits inflammatory response and reduces intestinal mucosal barrier damage through the TLR signaling pathway.
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6
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Al-Sayegh MA, Mahmood SR, Khair SBA, Xie X, El Gindi M, Kim T, Almansoori A, Percipalle P. β-actin contributes to open chromatin for activation of the adipogenic pioneer factor CEBPA during transcriptional reprograming. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2511-2521. [PMID: 32877276 PMCID: PMC7851876 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-11-0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is regulated by a cascade of signals that drive transcriptional reprogramming in adipocytes. Here, we report that nuclear actin regulates the chromatin states that establish tissue- specific expression during adipogenesis. To study the role of β-actin in adipocyte differentiation, we conducted RNA sequencing on wild-type and β-actin knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) after reprograming to adipocytes. We found that β-actin depletion affects induction of several adipogenic genes during transcriptional reprograming. This impaired regulation of adipogenic genes is linked to reduced expression of the pioneer factor Cebpa and is rescued by reintroducing NLS-tagged β-actin. ATAC-Seq in knockout MEFs revealed that actin-dependent reduction of Cebpa expression correlates with decreased chromatin accessibility and loss of chromatin association of the ATPase Brg1. This, in turn, impairs CEBPB's association with its Cebpa promoter-proximal binding site during adipogenesis. We propose a role for the nuclear β-actin pool in maintaining open chromatin for transcriptional reprogramming during adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Al-Sayegh
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - S R Mahmood
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003
| | - S B Abul Khair
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - X Xie
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - M El Gindi
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - T Kim
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Almansoori
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - P Percipalle
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Chintala S, Levan J, Robinson K, Quist K, Katzenellenbogen RA. Genes Regulated by HPV 16 E6 and High Expression of NFX1-123 in Cervical Cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6143-6156. [PMID: 32617009 PMCID: PMC7326398 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s251926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR HPV) cause cervical cancer, and in these cancers, HPV type 16 is the most common HR type. The HR viral oncogenes E6 and E7 partner with cellular proteins to drive cancer and modulate immune pathways; previously, we demonstrated in keratinocytes that HPV 16 E6 and high expression of the endogenous host protein partner NFX1-123 led to the increased expression of multiple genes, including Notch1, secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI), and retinoic acid early transcript 1G (RAET1G). The present study was conducted to determine if NFX1-123 was highly expressed in cervical cancer and if genes increased by NFX1-123 and 16E6 in keratinocytes were also increased in cervical cancers. Materials and Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and The Human Protein Atlas database were used to compare relative mRNA and protein gene expression, respectively, in the normal cervix and cervical cancers. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) normal cervix and HPV 16 positive cervical cancer samples were analyzed for relative protein expression by immunohistochemical staining. Protein expression of a subset of regulated genes was quantified by Western blot of HPV positive and negative cell lines. Results Immunohistochemical staining of HPV 16 positive cervical dysplasias and cancers revealed high NFX1-123, Ki67, and Notch1 expression. NFX1 and NFX1L1 mRNA levels were increased in cervical cancers compared to normal cervix in the TCGA database. Fourteen genes previously identified as upregulated in keratinocytes with 16E6 and overexpressed NFX1-123 also had high mRNA expression and selected genes had high protein expression in cervical cancers and cell lines. Conclusion In cervical cancer, NFX1-123 is highly expressed, and 16E6 and NFX1-123 together alter the expression of a wide set of genes. The involvement of these genes in cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, and metastasis provides further insight into potential ways that HR HPVs promote cancer initiation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivasulu Chintala
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Justine Levan
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kristin Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin Quist
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Kumar S, Fritz Z, Sulakhiya K, Theis T, Berthiaume F. Transcriptional Factors and Protein Biomarkers as Target Therapeutics in Traumatic Spinal Cord and Brain Injury. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:1092-1105. [PMID: 32442086 PMCID: PMC7709155 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200522203542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury to the spinal cord (SCI) and brain (TBI) are serious health problems and affect many people every year throughout the world. These devastating injuries are affecting not only patients but also their families socially as well as financially. SCI and TBI lead to neurological dysfunction besides continuous inflammation, ischemia, and necrosis followed by progressive neurodegeneration. There are well-established changes in several other processes such as gene expression as well as protein levels that are the important key factors to control the progression of these diseases. We are not yet able to collect enough knowledge on the underlying mechanisms leading to the altered gene expression profiles and protein levels in SCI and TBI. Cell loss is hastened by the induction or imbalance of pro- or anti-inflammatory expression profiles and transcription factors for cell survival after or during trauma. There is a sequence of events of dysregulation of these factors from early to late stages of trauma that opens a therapeutic window for new interventions to prevent/restrict the progression of these diseases. There has been increasing interest in the modulation of these factors for improving the patient’s quality of life by targeting both SCI and TBI. Here, we review some of the recent transcriptional factors and protein biomarkers that have been developed and discovered in the last decade in the context of targeted therapeutics for SCI and TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zachary Fritz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kunjbihari Sulakhiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, India
| | - Thomas Theis
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The
State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Francois Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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9
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Evankovich J, Lear T, Baldwin C, Chen Y, White V, Villandre J, Londino J, Liu Y, McVerry B, Kitsios GD, Mallampalli RK, Chen BB. Toll-like Receptor 8 Stability Is Regulated by Ring Finger 216 in Response to Circulating MicroRNAs. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:157-167. [PMID: 31385713 PMCID: PMC6993540 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0373oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
TLR8 (Toll-like receptor 8) is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that senses RNA in endosomes to initiate innate immune signaling through NF-κB, and mechanisms regulating TLR8 protein abundance are not completely understood. Protein degradation is a cellular process controlling protein concentrations, accomplished largely through ubiquitin transfer directed by E3 ligase proteins to substrates. In the present study, we show that TLR8 has a short half-life in THP-1 monocytes (∼1 h) and that TLR8 is ubiquitinated and degraded in the proteasome. Treatment with the TLR8 agonist R848 causes rapid depletion of TLR8 concentrations at early time points, an effect blocked by proteasomal inhibition. We show a novel role for RNF216 (ring finger protein 216), an E3 ligase that targets TLR8 for ubiquitination and degradation. RNF216 overexpression reduces TLR8 concentrations, whereas RNF216 knockdown stabilizes TLR8. We describe a potential role for TLR8 activation by circulating RNA ligands in humans with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): Plasma and extracted RNA fractions from subjects with ARDS activated TLR8 in vitro. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiling revealed several circulating miRNAs from subjects with ARDS. miRNA mimics promoted TLR8 proteasomal degradation in THP-1 cells. These data show that TLR8 proteasomal disposal through RNF216 in response to RNA ligands regulates TLR8 cellular concentrations and may have implications for innate immune signaling. In addition, TLR8 activation by circulating RNA ligands may be a previously underrecognized stimulus contributing to excessive innate immune signaling characteristic of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Evankovich
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence
| | - Travis Lear
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health
| | | | | | - Virginia White
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence
| | - John Villandre
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence
| | - James Londino
- Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence
- Aging Institute
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
| | - Bryan McVerry
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence
| | - Georgios D. Kitsios
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, and
| | - Rama K. Mallampalli
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence
- Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and
- Medical Specialty Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bill B. Chen
- Department of Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence
- Aging Institute
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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10
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Shikonin induces apoptosis and suppresses growth in keratinocytes via CEBP-δ upregulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:511-521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Wu M, Guo L, Zhu KC, Guo HY, Liu BS, Zhang N, Jiang SG, Zhang DC. Molecular characterization of toll-like receptor 14 from golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and its expression response to three types of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 232:1-10. [PMID: 30825647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in the host immune system, including recognizing invading pathogenic microbes and triggering immune reactions. Toll-like receptor 14 (TLR14) has been identified in several fish species, but its function requires further study. In this study, TLR14 (designed as ToTLR14) from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), was characterized and investigated its expression responses to three types of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The full-length ToTLR14 cDNA was 3191 bp, and the deduced protein consisted of 876 amino acids. The ToTLR14 protein included 5 leucine rich repeat (LRR) domains, a C-terminal LRR domain in the extracellular region, a transmembrane domain and a Toll/interleukin (IL)-1 receptor (TIR) domain in the cytoplasmic region, which fits with the typical TLR domain architecture. The genomic organization of ToTLR14 was also identified and consisted of four introns and five exons. The predicted promoter region of ToTLR14 contained several putative transcription factor binding sites. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ToTLR14 was clustered into the TLR1 subfamily clade. Quantitative real-time (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that ToTLR14 were ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues, with higher mRNA levels observed in the skin, kidney and intestine, while the lowest level was detected in the stomach. After injection with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], flagellin or lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the expression level of ToTLR14 mRNA were significantly upregulated in various tissues of golden pompano. These results indicate that ToTLR14 may play an important role in systemic as well as mucosal defence after viral and bacterial stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 200090 Shanghai, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bao-Suo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Gui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dian-Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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12
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Yang J, Lan J, Du H, Zhang X, Li A, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhang C, Ding Y, Zhang T. Icariside II induces cell cycle arrest and differentiation via TLR8/MyD88/p38 pathway in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 846:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Said EA, Tremblay N, Al-Balushi MS, Al-Jabri AA, Lamarre D. Viruses Seen by Our Cells: The Role of Viral RNA Sensors. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:9480497. [PMID: 29854853 PMCID: PMC5952511 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9480497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the innate immune response in detecting RNA viruses is crucial for the establishment of proper inflammatory and antiviral responses. Different receptors, known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), are present in the cytoplasm, endosomes, and on the cellular surface. These receptors have the capacity to sense the presence of viral nucleic acids as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). This recognition leads to the induction of type 1 interferons (IFNs) as well as inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In this review, we provide an overview of the significant involvement of cellular RNA helicases and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 7, and 8 in antiviral immune defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A. Said
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Nicolas Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) et Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Balushi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Ali A. Al-Jabri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Daniel Lamarre
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) et Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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14
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Young NA, Valiente GR, Hampton JM, Wu LC, Burd CJ, Willis WL, Bruss M, Steigelman H, Gotsatsenko M, Amici SA, Severin M, Claverie LM, Guerau-de-Arellano M, Lovett-Racke A, Ardoin S, Jarjour WN. Estrogen-regulated STAT1 activation promotes TLR8 expression to facilitate signaling via microRNA-21 in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2016; 176:12-22. [PMID: 28039018 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies implicate innate immunity to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. Toll-like receptor (TLR)8 is estrogen-regulated and binds viral ssRNA to stimulate innate immune responses, but recent work indicates that microRNA (miR)-21 within extracellular vesicles (EVs) can also trigger this receptor. Our objective was to examine TLR8 expression/activation to better understand sex-biased responses involving TLR8 in SLE. Our data identify an estrogen response element that promotes STAT1 expression and demonstrate STAT1-dependent transcriptional activation of TLR8 with estrogen stimulation. In lieu of viral ssRNA activation, we explored EV-encapsulated miR-21 as an endogenous ligand and observed induction of both TLR8 and cytokine expression in vitro. Moreover, extracellular miR detection was found predominantly within EVs. Thus, just as a cytokine or chemokine, EV-encapsulated miR-21 can act as an inflammatory signaling molecule, or miRokine, by virtue of being an endogenous ligand of TLR8. Collectively, our data elucidates a novel innate inflammatory pathway in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Young
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Giancarlo R Valiente
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Hampton
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lai-Chu Wu
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Craig J Burd
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - William L Willis
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael Bruss
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Holly Steigelman
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maya Gotsatsenko
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Stephanie A Amici
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, and Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mary Severin
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, and Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amy Lovett-Racke
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Stacy Ardoin
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wael N Jarjour
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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15
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Li J, Zhang J, Wang M. Extraction of Flavonoids from the Flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic by Modified Supercritical CO₂ Extraction and Determination of Antioxidant and Anti-Adipogenic Activity. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070810. [PMID: 27347916 PMCID: PMC6273967 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic has been used for many years in Chinese traditional medicine. In this study, supercritical CO2 plus a modifier was utilized to extract flavonoids from the flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic. The effects of temperature (40 °C–60 °C), pressure (10–30 MPa) and different concentrations of ethanol as modifier (60%–90%, ethanol:water, v/v) on major flavonol content and the antioxidant activity of the extracts were studied by response surface methodology (RSM) using a Box-Behnken design. The flavonol content was calculated as the sum of the concentrations of seven major flavonoids, namely rutin, hyperin, isoquercetin, hibifolin, myricetin, quercetin-3′-O-glucoside and quercetin, which were simultaneously determined by a HPLC method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydarzyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging assay. The results showed that three factors and their interactions could be well fitted to second-order polynomial models (p < 0.05). At the optimal extraction conditions for flavonol content (20 MPa, 52 °C, and 85% ethanol content), the yield of flavonoids was 41.96 mg/g and the IC50 value was 0.288 mg/mL, respectively, suggesting the extract has high antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the anti-adipogenic activity of the extract on the 3T3-L1 cell line was investigated. The results indicated that it can downregulate PPARγ and C/EBPα expression at mRNA. In summary, in this study, we have established a cost-effective method for the extraction of flavonoids from the flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic using supercritical fluid extraction and the extracts exhibited potent antioxidant and anti-adipogenic effects, suggesting a possible therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, #888 Yin Xian Avenue Eastern Section, Ningbo 315000, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Min Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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16
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Zannetti C, Roblot G, Charrier E, Ainouze M, Tout I, Briat F, Isorce N, Faure-Dupuy S, Michelet M, Marotel M, Kati S, Schulz TF, Rivoire M, Traverse-Glehen A, Luangsay S, Alatiff O, Henry T, Walzer T, Durantel D, Hasan U. Characterization of the Inflammasome in Human Kupffer Cells in Response to Synthetic Agonists and Pathogens. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:356-67. [PMID: 27226092 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the largest gland in the human body and functions as an innate immune organ. Liver macrophages called Kupffer cells (KC) constitute the largest group of macrophages in the human body. Innate immune responses involving KC represent the first line of defense against pathogens in the liver. Human monocyte-derived macrophages have been used to characterize inflammasome responses that lead to the release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, but it has not yet been determined whether human KC contain functional inflammasomes. We show, to our knowledge for the first time, that KC express genes and proteins that make up several different inflammasome complexes. Moreover, activation of KC in response to the absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome led to the production of IL-1β and IL-18, which activated IL-8 transcription and hepatic NK cell activity, respectively. Other inflammasome responses were also activated in response to selected bacteria and viruses. However, hepatitis B virus inhibited the AIM2 inflammasome by reducing the mRNA stability of IFN regulatory factor 7, which regulated AIM2 transcription. These data demonstrate the production of IL-1β and IL-18 in KC, suggesting that KC contain functional inflammasomes that could be important players in the innate immune response following certain infections of the liver. We think our findings could potentially aid therapeutic approaches against chronic liver diseases that activate the inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zannetti
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5308, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Guillaume Roblot
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5308, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Emily Charrier
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5308, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Michelle Ainouze
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5308, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Issam Tout
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5308, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69000, France
| | - François Briat
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5308, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Nathalie Isorce
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie-Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Suzanne Faure-Dupuy
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie-Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Maud Michelet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie-Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Marie Marotel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5308, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Semra Kati
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; and
| | - Thomas F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; and
| | - Michel Rivoire
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie-Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | | | - Souphalone Luangsay
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie-Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Omran Alatiff
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5308, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Thomas Henry
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5308, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69000, France
| | - Thierry Walzer
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5308, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69000, France
| | - David Durantel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie-Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Uzma Hasan
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5308, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69000, France;
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17
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Pulido-Salgado M, Vidal-Taboada JM, Saura J. C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ transcription factors: Basic biology and roles in the CNS. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 132:1-33. [PMID: 26143335 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) β and C/EBPδ are transcription factors of the basic-leucine zipper class which share phylogenetic, structural and functional features. In this review we first describe in depth their basic molecular biology which includes fascinating aspects such as the regulated use of alternative initiation codons in the C/EBPβ mRNA. The physical interactions with multiple transcription factors which greatly opens the number of potentially regulated genes or the presence of at least five different types of post-translational modifications are also remarkable molecular mechanisms that modulate C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ function. In the second part, we review the present knowledge on the localization, expression changes and physiological roles of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in neurons, astrocytes and microglia. We conclude that C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ share two unique features related to their role in the CNS: whereas in neurons they participate in memory formation and synaptic plasticity, in glial cells they regulate the pro-inflammatory program. Because of their role in neuroinflammation, C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in microglia are potential targets for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Any strategy to reduce C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ activity in neuroinflammation needs to take into account its potential side-effects in neurons. Therefore, cell-specific treatments will be required for the successful application of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pulido-Salgado
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Vidal-Taboada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Saura
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Ko CY, Chang WC, Wang JM. Biological roles of CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein delta during inflammation. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:6. [PMID: 25591788 PMCID: PMC4318212 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD) belongs to the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein family, and these proteins function as transcription factors in many biological processes, including cell differentiation, motility, growth arrest, proliferation, cell death, metabolism and immune responses. The functional diversity of CEBPD depends, in part, on the cell type and cellular context, which indicates that CEBPD could interpret a variety of cues to adjust cellular responses in specific situations. Here, we review the regulation of the CEBPD gene and its function in response to inflammatory stimuli. We also address its effects in inflammation-related diseases through a discussion of its recently discovered downstream targets. Regarding to the previous discoveries and new insights in inflammation-associated diseases, suggesting CEBPD could also be a central gene in inflammation. Importantly, the results of this study indicate that the investigation of CEBPD could open a new avenue to help better understand the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Yuan Ko
- Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Ju-Ming Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan. .,Infectious Disease and Signaling Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan. .,Center of Molecular Inflammation, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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19
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Zannetti C, Parroche P, Panaye M, Roblot G, Gruffat H, Manet E, Debaud AL, Plumas J, Vey N, Caux C, Bendriss-Vermare N, Hasan UA. TLR9 transcriptional regulation in response to double-stranded DNA viruses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3398-408. [PMID: 25194054 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The stimulation of TLRs by pathogen-derived molecules leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Because uncontrolled inflammation can be life threatening, TLR regulation is important; however, few studies have identified the signaling pathways that contribute to the modulation of TLR expression. In this study, we examined the relationship between activation and the transcriptional regulation of TLR9. We demonstrate that infection of primary human epithelial cells, B cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells with dsDNA viruses induces a regulatory temporary negative-feedback loop that blocks TLR9 transcription and function. TLR9 transcriptional downregulation was dependent on TLR9 signaling and was not induced by TLR5 or other NF-κB activators, such as TNF-α. Engagement of the TLR9 receptor induced the recruitment of a suppressive complex, consisting of NF-κBp65 and HDAC3, to an NF-κB cis element on the TLR9 promoter. Knockdown of HDAC3 blocked the transient suppression in which TLR9 function was restored. These results provide a framework for understanding the complex pathways involved in transcriptional regulation of TLR9, immune induction, and inflammation against viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zannetti
- International Center for Infectiology Research, University of Lyon, Lyon 69007, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon 69007, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon 69007, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon 69100, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Lyon 69007, France; Oncovirus et l'immunité innée, Hospices Civils de Lyon Sud, Pierre Benite, 69495 France
| | - Peggy Parroche
- International Center for Infectiology Research, University of Lyon, Lyon 69007, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon 69007, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon 69007, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon 69100, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Lyon 69007, France; Oncovirus et l'immunité innée, Hospices Civils de Lyon Sud, Pierre Benite, 69495 France
| | - Marine Panaye
- International Center for Infectiology Research, University of Lyon, Lyon 69007, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon 69007, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon 69007, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon 69100, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Lyon 69007, France; Oncovirus et l'immunité innée, Hospices Civils de Lyon Sud, Pierre Benite, 69495 France
| | - Guillaume Roblot
- International Center for Infectiology Research, University of Lyon, Lyon 69007, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon 69007, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon 69007, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon 69100, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Lyon 69007, France; Oncovirus et l'immunité innée, Hospices Civils de Lyon Sud, Pierre Benite, 69495 France
| | - Henri Gruffat
- International Center for Infectiology Research, University of Lyon, Lyon 69007, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon 69007, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon 69007, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon 69100, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Evelyne Manet
- International Center for Infectiology Research, University of Lyon, Lyon 69007, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon 69007, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon 69007, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon 69100, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Anne Laure Debaud
- International Center for Infectiology Research, University of Lyon, Lyon 69007, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon 69007, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon 69007, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon 69100, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Joel Plumas
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Université Joseph Fourier-Inserm U823, Immunobiologie et Immunothérapie des cancers, Grenoble 38000, France; and
| | - Nelly Vey
- Centre de recherche en cancérologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Inserm 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Christophe Caux
- Centre de recherche en cancérologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Inserm 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare
- Centre de recherche en cancérologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Inserm 1052, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Uzma Ayesha Hasan
- International Center for Infectiology Research, University of Lyon, Lyon 69007, France; Inserm, U1111, Lyon 69007, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon 69007, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon 69100, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, Lyon 69007, France; Oncovirus et l'immunité innée, Hospices Civils de Lyon Sud, Pierre Benite, 69495 France;
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20
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Goyal S, Dubey P, Sahoo B, Mishra S, Niranjan S, Singh S, Mahajan R, Kataria R. Sequence based structural characterization and genetic diversity analysis across coding and promoter regions of goat Toll-like receptor 5 gene. Gene 2014; 540:238-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Harfuddin Z, Kwajah S, Chong Nyi Sim A, Macary PA, Schwarz H. CD137L-stimulated dendritic cells are more potent than conventional dendritic cells at eliciting cytotoxic T-cell responses. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26859. [PMID: 24482752 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly potent initiators of adaptive immune responses and, as such, represent promising tools for immunotherapeutic applications. Despite their potential, the current efficacy of DC-based immunotherapies is poor. CD137 ligand (CD137L) signaling has been used to derive a novel type of DCs from human peripheral blood monocytes, termed CD137L-DCs. Here, we report that CD137L-DCs induce more potent cytotoxic T-cell responses than classical DCs (cDCs). Furthermore, in exploring several DC maturation factors for their ability to enhance the potency of CD137L-DCs, we found the combination of interferon γ (IFNγ) and the mixed Toll-like receptor (TLR)7/8 agonist R848, to display the highest efficacy in potentiating the T-cell co-stimulatory activity of CD137L-DCs. Of particular importance, CD137L-DCs were found to be more efficient than cDCs in activating autologous T cells targeting the cytomegalovirus (CMV)-derived protein pp65. Specifically, CD137L-DC-stimulated T cells were found to secrete higher levels of IFNγ and killed 2-3 times more HLA-matched, pp65-pulsed target cells than T cells activated by cDCs. Finally, in addition to stimulating CD8+ T cells, CD137L-DCs efficiently activated CD4+ T cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the superior potency of CD137L-stimulated DCs in activating CMV-specific, autologous T cells, and encourage the further development of CD137L-DCs for antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulkarnain Harfuddin
- Department of Physiology; National University of Singapore; Singapore ; Immunology Programme; National University of Singapore; Singapore ; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Shaqireen Kwajah
- Department of Physiology; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Adrian Chong Nyi Sim
- Department of Microbiology; National University of Singapore; Singapore ; Immunology Programme; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Paul Anthony Macary
- Department of Microbiology; National University of Singapore; Singapore ; Immunology Programme; National University of Singapore; Singapore ; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Herbert Schwarz
- Department of Physiology; National University of Singapore; Singapore ; Immunology Programme; National University of Singapore; Singapore ; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
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22
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The T antigen locus of Merkel cell polyomavirus downregulates human Toll-like receptor 9 expression. J Virol 2013; 87:13009-19. [PMID: 24067965 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01786-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishment of a chronic infection is a key event in virus-mediated carcinogenesis. Several cancer-associated, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses act via their oncoproteins to downregulate Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), a key receptor in the host innate immune response that senses viral or bacterial dsDNA. A novel oncogenic virus, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), has been recently identified that causes up to 80% of Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs). However, it is not yet known whether this oncogenic virus also disrupts immune-related pathways. We find that MCPyV large T antigen (LT) expression downregulates TLR9 expression in epithelial and MCC-derived cells. Accordingly, silencing of LT expression results in upregulation of mRNA TLR9 levels. In addition, small T antigen (sT) also appears to inhibit TLR9 expression, since inhibition of its expression also resulted in an increase of TLR9 mRNA levels. LT inhibits TLR9 expression by decreasing the mRNA levels of the C/EBPβ transactivator, a positive regulator of the TLR9 promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation reveals that C/EBPβ binding at a C/EBPβ response element (RE) in the TLR9 promoter is strongly inhibited by expression of MCPyV early genes and that mutation of the C/EBP RE prevents MCPyV downregulation of TLR9. A survey of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), JC polyomavirus (JCPyV), KI polyomavirus (KIPyV), MCPyV, simian virus 40 (SV40), and WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) early genes revealed that only BKPyV and MCPyV are potent inhibitors of TLR9 gene expression. MCPyV LT targeting of C/EBP transactivators is likely to play an important role in viral persistence and potentially inhibit host cell immune responses during MCPyV tumorigenesis.
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23
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Li B, Baylink DJ, Deb C, Zannetti C, Rajaallah F, Xing W, Walter MH, Lau KHW, Qin X. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 suppresses TLR8 expression and TLR8-mediated inflammatory responses in monocytes in vitro and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58808. [PMID: 23516559 PMCID: PMC3597563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) suppresses autoimmunity and inflammation; however, the mechanism of its action has not been fully understood. We sought in this study to determine whether the anti-immune/anti-inflammatory action of 1,25(OH)2D3 is in part mediated through an interplay between 1,25(OH)2D3 and toll-like receptor (TLR)7/8 signaling. 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment prior to and/or following experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induction effectively reduced inflammatory cytokine expression in the spinal cord and ameliorated EAE. These effects were accompanied with a reduction in expression of several TLRs with the most profound effect observed for TLR8. The expression of TLR8 adaptor protein MyD88 was also significantly reduced by 1,25(OH)2D3. To determine the molecular mechanism by which 1,25(OH)2D3 suppresses EAE induction of TLR8 and inflammatory cytokine expression, we evaluated whether 1,25(OH)2D3 can directly inhibit TLR8 signaling and the resulting inflammatory responses in human THP-1 monocytes. 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment not only significantly reduced TLR8 expression but also the expression or activity of MyD88, IRF-4, IRF-7 and NF-kB in monocytes challenged with TLR8 ligands. TLR8 promoter-luciferase reporter assays indicated that 1,25(OH)2D3 decreases TLR8 mRNA level in part via inhibiting TLR8 gene transcription activity. As a result of inhibition on TLR8 signaling cascade at various stages, 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly diminished the TLR8 target gene expression (TNF-α and IL-1β). In summary, our novel findings suggest that TLR8 is a new target of 1,25(OH)2D3 and may mediate the anti-inflammatory action of 1,25(OH)2D3. Our findings also point to a destructive role of TLR8 in EAE and shed lights on pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
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24
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Balamurugan K, Sharan S, Klarmann KD, Zhang Y, Coppola V, Summers GH, Roger T, Morrison DK, Keller JR, Sterneck E. FBXW7α attenuates inflammatory signalling by downregulating C/EBPδ and its target gene Tlr4. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1662. [PMID: 23575666 PMCID: PMC3625980 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) has a pivotal role in innate immune responses, and the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (C/EBPδ, Cebpd) is a Tlr4-induced gene. Here we identify a positive feedback loop in which C/EBPδ activates Tlr4 gene expression in macrophages and tumour cells. In addition, we discovered a negative feedback loop whereby the tumour suppressor FBXW7α (FBW7, Cdc4), whose gene expression is inhibited by C/EBPδ, targets C/EBPδ for degradation when C/EBPδ is phosphorylated by GSK-3β. Consequently, FBXW7α suppresses Tlr4 expression and responses to the ligand lipopolysaccharide. FBXW7α depletion alone is sufficient to augment pro-inflammatory signalling in vivo. Moreover, as inflammatory pathways are known to modulate tumour biology, Cebpd null mammary tumours, which have reduced metastatic potential, show altered expression of inflammation-associated genes. Together, these findings reveal a role for C/EBPδ upstream of Tlr4 signalling and uncover a function for FBXW7α as an attenuator of inflammatory signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppusamy Balamurugan
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, P.O. Box B., Frederick, MD 21702-1201
| | - Shikha Sharan
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, P.O. Box B., Frederick, MD 21702-1201
| | - Kimberly D. Klarmann
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Laboratory for Cancer Research, P.O. Box B., Frederick, MD 21702-1201
| | - Youhong Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, P.O. Box B., Frederick, MD 21702-1201
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Department of MVIMG, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University-Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University-CCC, 988 Biological Research Tower 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OHIO 43210
| | - Glenn H. Summers
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, SAIC-Frederick, NCI, FNLCR, Frederick, MD
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, BH 19–111, rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Deborah K. Morrison
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, P.O. Box B., Frederick, MD 21702-1201
| | - Jonathan R. Keller
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Laboratory for Cancer Research, P.O. Box B., Frederick, MD 21702-1201
| | - Esta Sterneck
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, P.O. Box B., Frederick, MD 21702-1201
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Abstract
The expression of the tumor suppressor DOK1 is repressed in a variety of human tumors as a result of hypermethylation of its promoter region. However, the molecular mechanisms by which DOK1 expression is regulated have been poorly investigated. Here, we show that the expression of DOK1 is regulated mainly by the transcription factor E2F1. We identified three putative E2F1 response elements (EREs) in the DOK1 promoter region. E2F1 had a relatively higher binding affinity for the ERE located between bp -498 and -486 compared with the other two EREs. E2F1 gene silencing strongly inhibited DOK1 expression. E2F1-driven DOK1 transcription occurred in the presence of cellular stresses, such as accumulation of DNA damage induced by etoposide. DOK1 silencing promoted cell proliferation and protected against etoposide-induced apoptosis, indicating that DOK1 acts as a key mediator of cellular stress-induced cell death. Most importantly, we observed that DNA methylation of the DOK1 core promoter region found in head and neck cancer cell lines hampered the recruitment of E2F1 to the DOK1 promoter and compromised DOK1 expression. In summary, our data show that E2F1 is a key factor in DOK1 expression and provide novel insights into the regulation of these events in cancer cells.
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Sarvestani ST, Williams BRG, Gantier MP. Human Toll-like receptor 8 can be cool too: implications for foreign RNA sensing. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2012; 32:350-61. [PMID: 22817608 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of foreign nucleic acid sensing indicate an important role for the human Toll-like receptor (TLR) 8 in the initiation of immune responses to certain pathogens. However, TLR8, far too often grouped together with TLR7 for its common ability to detect RNA, has a function on its own in the initiation of specific proinflammatory responses to viruses and bacteria. Here, we present an overview of what is currently known of human TLR8 biology, from genetic regulation to its function in innate immunity, and discuss how TLR8 could present novel therapeutic opportunities in viral and cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush T Sarvestani
- Centre for Cancer Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Manea A, Manea SA, Florea IC, Luca CM, Raicu M. Positive regulation of NADPH oxidase 5 by proinflammatory-related mechanisms in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1497-507. [PMID: 22348975 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase Nox5 subtype expression is significantly increased in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) underlying fibro-lipid atherosclerotic lesions. The mechanisms that up-regulate Nox5 are not understood. Consequently, we characterized the promoter of the human Nox5 gene and investigated the role of various proinflammatory transcription factors in the regulation of Nox5 in human aortic SMCs. The Nox5 promoter was cloned in the pGL3 basic reporter vector. Functional analysis was done employing 5' deletion mutants to identify the sequences necessary to effect high levels of expression in SMCs. Transcriptional initiation site was detected by rapid amplification of the 5'-cDNA ends. In silico analysis indicated the existence of typical NF-kB, AP-1, and STAT1/STAT3 sites. Transient overexpression of p65/NF-kB, c-Jun/AP-1, or STAT1/STAT3 increased significantly the Nox5 promoter activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated the physical interaction of c-Jun/AP-1 and STAT1/STAT3 proteins with the Nox5 promoter. Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, real-time PCR, and Western blot assays showed that pharmacological inhibition and the silencing of p65/NF-kB, c-Jun/AP-1, or STAT1/STAT3 reduced significantly the interferon γ-induced Ca(2+)-dependent Nox activity and Nox5 expression. Up-regulated Nox5 correlated with increases in intracellular Ca(2+), an essential condition for Nox5 activity. NF-kB, AP-1, and STAT1/STAT3 are important regulators of Nox5 in SMCs by either direct or indirect mechanisms. Overexpressed Nox5 may generate free radicals in excess, further contributing to SMCs dysfunction in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Manea
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 41A, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487, Iasi, Romania.
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28
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Parroche P, Touka M, Mansour M, Bouvard V, Thépot A, Accardi R, Carreira C, Roblot GG, Sylla BS, Hasan U, Tommasino M. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 inhibits p21(WAF1) transcription independently of p53 by inactivating p150(Sal2). Virology 2011; 417:443-8. [PMID: 21791360 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
HPV16 E6 deregulates G1/S cell cycle progression through p53 degradation preventing transcription of the CDK inhibitor p21(WAF1). However, additional mechanisms independent of p53 inactivation appear to exist. Here, we report that HPV16 E6 targets the cellular factor p150(Sal2), which positively regulates p21(WAF1) transcription. HPV16 E6 associates with p150(Sal2), inducing its functional inhibition by preventing its binding to cis elements on the p21(WAF1) promoter. A HPV16 E6 mutant, L110Q, which was unable to bind p150(Sal2), did not affect the ability of the cellular protein to bind p21(WAF1) promoter, underlining the linkage between these events. These data describe a novel mechanism by which HPV16 E6 induces cell cycle deregulation with a p53-independent pathway. The viral oncoprotein targets p150(Sal2), a positive transcription regulator of p21(WAF1) gene, preventing G1/S arrest and allowing cellular proliferation and efficient viral DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Parroche
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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