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Noubissi FK, Odubanjo OV, Ogle BM, Tchounwou PB. Mechanisms of Cell Fusion in Cancer. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:407-432. [PMID: 37996688 PMCID: PMC10893907 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell fusion is a normal physiological mechanism that requires a well-orchestrated regulation of intracellular and extracellular factors. Dysregulation of this process could lead to diseases such as osteoporosis, malformation of muscles, difficulties in pregnancy, and cancer. Extensive literature demonstrates that fusion occurs between cancer cells and other cell types to potentially promote cancer progression and metastasis. However, the mechanisms governing this process in cancer initiation, promotion, and progression are less well-studied. Fusogens involved in normal physiological processes such as syncytins and associated factors such as phosphatidylserine and annexins have been observed to be critical in cancer cell fusion as well. Some of the extracellular factors associated with cancer cell fusion include chronic inflammation and inflammatory cytokines, hypoxia, and viral infection. The interaction between these extracellular factors and cell's intrinsic factors potentially modulates actin dynamics to drive the fusion of cancer cells. In this review, we have discussed the different mechanisms that have been identified or postulated to drive cancer cell fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicite K Noubissi
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA.
- Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI), Center for Health Disparity Research (RCMI-CHDR), Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Oluwatoyin V Odubanjo
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
- Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI), Center for Health Disparity Research (RCMI-CHDR), Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Brenda M Ogle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
- Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI), Center for Health Disparity Research (RCMI-CHDR), Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
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2
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Niu X, Zhao K, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Liu R, Zhang Y, Wang L, Wu Y, Bai X, Qiao B. ANXA13 promotes cell proliferation and invasion and attenuates apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18009. [PMID: 37520951 PMCID: PMC10374933 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Emerging evidences have demonstrated that annexin A13 (ANXA13) is closely related to the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. However, the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of ANXA13 in Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have not been defined. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the potential role of ANXA13 in regulating the proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis of ccRCC cells. Patients and methods The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting was performed for detecting the ANXA13 expression in ccRCC tissues at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. The GEPIA2 databases were used to derive data for analyzing the ANXA13 expression in pan-cancer and ccRCC clinical features. Cell Counting and colony formation assays, as well as flow cytometry, were used to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, or cell cycle. The wound healing assay was used to evaluate the migration ability of cells, and the Trans-well assay was conducted to determine the cell invasiveness. Results ANXA13 was upregulated in ccRCC cells and human ccRCC tissues. Furthermore, siANXA13 inhibited ccRCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and induced cell apoptosis. Conclusion ANXA13 was upregulated in ccRCC. ANXA13 promotes tumorigenic traits of ccRCC cell lines in vitro. ANXA13 is a potential novel biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Keyuan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yapeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- The Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Health Inspection of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xuefeng Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Health Inspection of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Baoping Qiao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
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Yang J. Integrated bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes in the temporomandibular joint internal derangement. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:641-652. [PMID: 37555363 PMCID: PMC10441599 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify significant mechanisms and potential treatments for temporomandibular joint internal derangement (TMJD) through integrated bioinformatics analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression data sets (GSE66864) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were downloaded. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified both in the treatment groups and in controls by R packages. Network analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) and Human Protein Atlas was used to explore DEGs' potential function. DGIdb database was utilized to gain potential drug targets. RESULTS In conclusion, 126 DEGs were selected for TMJD through bioinformatics analysis. Both GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses combined showed the pathways involved in TMJD. A PPI network was constructed to select the top 10 hub genes, of which five hub genes were chosen for further investigation. Moreover, the microenvironment of immune cells related to hub genes was evaluated by R packages. Macrophages play an important role in inflammation and oral-related tumors. The Human Protein Atlas analysis indicated that the five hub genes are highly related to head and neck cancer. Finally, eight potential drugs were selected for two genes using the DGIdb database. CONCLUSION Our integrated bioinformatics analysis identified DEGs in TMJD and provided potential ideas for further research and treatment approaches. However, experimental validation of the hub genes and potential drug targets is still needed. The key mechanisms of the identified genes and their potential roles as biomarkers or drug targets in TMJD require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junda Yang
- The Stomatological Hospital (College) of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityShaanxiXianChina
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4
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Kulik L, Renner B, Laskowski J, Thurman JM, Michael Holers V. Highly pathogenic natural monoclonal antibody B4-IgM recognizes a post-translational modification comprised of acetylated N-terminal methionine followed by aspartic or glutamic acid. Mol Immunol 2023; 157:112-128. [PMID: 37018938 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The natural monoclonal antibody B4-IgM recognizes murine annexin 4 (mAn4) and exacerbates ischemia-reperfusion injury in many mouse models. During apoptosis, the intracellular mAn4 protein translocates to the membrane surface, remaining attached to the outer membrane leaflet where it is recognized by the anti-mAn4 B4-IgM antibody. B4-IgM does not recognize human annexin 4 (hAn4). However, the B4-IgM antibody epitope was detected by Western blot of unknown human proteins and by flow cytometry on all studied human cell lines undergoing apoptosis and on a minor subset of healthy cells. The B4-IgM antibody also recognizes the epitope on necrotic cells in cytoplasmic proteins, apparently entering through pores large enough to allow natural antibodies to penetrate the cells and bind to the epitope expressed on self-proteins. Using proteomics and site-directed mutagenesis, we found that B4-IgM binds to an epitope with post-translationally modified acetylated N-terminal methionine, followed by either glutamic or aspartic acid. The epitope is not induced by apoptosis or injury because this modification can also occur during protein translation. This finding reveals an additional novel mechanism whereby injured cells are detected by natural antibodies that initiate pathogenic complement activation through the recognition of epitopes that are shared across multiple proteins found in variable cell lines.
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Chang Y, Li X, Cheng Q, Hu Y, Chen X, Hua X, Fan X, Tao M, Song J, Hu S. Single-cell transcriptomic identified HIF1A as a target for attenuating acute rejection after heart transplantation. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:64. [PMID: 34870762 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute rejection (AR) is an important contributor to graft failure, which remains a leading cause of death after heart transplantation (HTX). The regulation of immune metabolism has become a new hotspot in the development of immunosuppressive drugs. In this study, Increased glucose metabolism of cardiac macrophages was found in patients with AR. To find new therapeutic targets of immune metabolism regulation for AR, CD45+ immune cells extracted from murine isografts, allografts, and untransplanted donor hearts were explored by single-cell RNA sequencing. Total 20 immune cell subtypes were identified among 46,040 cells. The function of immune cells in AR were illustrated simultaneously. Cardiac resident macrophages were substantially replaced by monocytes and proinflammatory macrophages during AR. Monocytes/macrophages in AR allograft were more active in antigen presentation and inflammatory recruitment ability, and glycolysis. Based on transcription factor regulation analysis, we found that the increase of glycolysis in monocytes/macrophages was mainly regulated by HIF1A. Inhibition of HIF1A could alleviate inflammatory cells infiltration in AR. To find out the effect of HIF1A on AR, CD45+ immune cells extracted from allografts after HIF1A inhibitor treatment were explored by single-cell RNA sequencing. HIF1A inhibitor could reduce the antigen presenting ability and pro-inflammatory ability of macrophages, and reduce the infiltration of Cd4+ and Cd8a+ T cells in AR. The expression of Hif1α in AR monocytes/macrophages was regulated by pyruvate kinase 2. Higher expression of HIF1A in macrophages was also detected in human hearts with AR. These indicated HIF1A may serve as a potential target for attenuating AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.,The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiangjie Li
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300371, China.,The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiumeng Hua
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xuexin Fan
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Menghao Tao
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Shengshou Hu
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.,The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
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6
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Misiakiewicz-Has K, Pilutin A, Wiszniewska B. Influence of hormonal imbalance on the integrity of seminiferous epithelium in the testes of adult rats chronically exposed to letrozole and rats exposed to soya isoflavones during the prenatal period, lactation, and up to sexual maturity. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100562. [PMID: 34555686 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural integrity of the germ cells in the seminiferous epithelium and the correct process of spermatogenesis are made possible by proteins that participate in the formation of different types of junctions. This study was performed on samples of the testes of 4 groups (2 experimental and 2 corresponding control) of male Wistar rats. In the first experimental group, the adult rats received letrozole - a nonsteroidal inhibitor of cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom). The second experimental group was exposed to soya isoflavones during the prenatal period, lactation, and up to sexual maturity. The aim of this study was to examine the immunoexpression of β-catenin, N-cadherin, occludin, connexin43, annexin V, and advanced glycation end products (AGE) in the seminiferous epithelium of rat testes with chronic estrogen deficiency and of rats exposed to soya isoflavones. Series of sections of the testes were stained using PAS and silver impregnation. Moreover, immunohistochemistry tests were performed. A semi-quantitative determination of protein immunoexpression was performed using Image J. The number of annexin V positive Sertoli cells per tubule were counted manually. Comparisons between the experimental and corresponding control groups were performed using a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. The most common alterations were prematurely sloughed germ cells in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and invaginations of the seminiferous tubules. We observed a lower number of annexin V positive Sertoli cells and a lower expression of N-cadherin and occludin in the seminiferous epithelium of both groups of rats with hormonal imbalances. Moreover, a higher expression of AGE, a lower expression of connexin 43 and a lower amount of reticular fibers in the basal lamina of seminiferous tubules was present in rats treated with letrozole and a higher expression of β-catenin was found in rats exposed to soya isoflavones. The hormonal imbalance between androgens and estrogens resulted in a decreased number of annexin V positive Sertoli cells. This may be associated with a failed clearance of apoptotic germ cells that leads to disturbances in the blood-testis-barrier (BTB) by affecting the expression of junctional proteins in the seminiferous epithelium. Moreover, a decreased level of estrogens was also associated with an increased expression of AGEs and with a changed composition of basal lamina in the seminiferous tubules of rats. These changes could lead to germ cell sloughing and invaginations of the seminiferous tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Misiakiewicz-Has
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - A Pilutin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - B Wiszniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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7
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Rusanov AL, Kozhin PM, Tikhonova OV, Zgoda VG, Loginov DS, Chlastáková A, Selinger M, Sterba J, Grubhoffer L, Luzgina NG. Proteome Profiling of PMJ2-R and Primary Peritoneal Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6323. [PMID: 34204832 PMCID: PMC8231560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro models are often used for studying macrophage functions, including the process of phagocytosis. The application of primary macrophages has limitations associated with the individual characteristics of animals, which can lead to insufficient standardization and higher variability of the obtained results. Immortalized cell lines do not have these disadvantages, but their responses to various signals can differ from those of the living organism. In the present study, a comparative proteomic analysis of immortalized PMJ2-R cell line and primary peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57BL/6 mice was performed. A total of 4005 proteins were identified, of which 797 were quantified. Obtained results indicate significant differences in the abundances of many proteins, including essential proteins associated with the process of phagocytosis, such as Elmo1, Gsn, Hspa8, Itgb1, Ncf2, Rac2, Rack1, Sirpa, Sod1, C3, and Msr1. These findings indicate that outcomes of studies utilizing PMJ2-R cells as a model of peritoneal macrophages should be carefully validated. All MS data are deposited in ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD022133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Rusanov
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaja Str. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.K.); (O.V.T.); (V.G.Z.); (D.S.L.); (N.G.L.)
| | - Peter M. Kozhin
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaja Str. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.K.); (O.V.T.); (V.G.Z.); (D.S.L.); (N.G.L.)
| | - Olga V. Tikhonova
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaja Str. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.K.); (O.V.T.); (V.G.Z.); (D.S.L.); (N.G.L.)
| | - Victor G. Zgoda
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaja Str. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.K.); (O.V.T.); (V.G.Z.); (D.S.L.); (N.G.L.)
| | - Dmitry S. Loginov
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaja Str. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.K.); (O.V.T.); (V.G.Z.); (D.S.L.); (N.G.L.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (L.G.)
- BioCeV—Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Chlastáková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Martin Selinger
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (L.G.)
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sterba
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Libor Grubhoffer
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (L.G.)
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Nataliya G. Luzgina
- V. N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaja Str. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.K.); (O.V.T.); (V.G.Z.); (D.S.L.); (N.G.L.)
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Terashima R, Laoharatchatathanin T, Kurusu S, Kawaminami M. Sequential preovulatory expression of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone-inducible gene, Nr4a3, and its suppressor Anxa5 in the pituitary gland of female rats. J Reprod Dev 2021; 67:217-221. [PMID: 33840679 PMCID: PMC8238674 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional relationship between nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (Nr4a3) and annexin A5 (Anxa5), which are two
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-inducible genes, has been established while evaluating pituitary gonadotropes in relation to follicle-stimulating hormone
beta (Fshb) expression. However, the physiological variations that arise due to the differential expression of these genes in the pituitary
gland during rat estrous cycle remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the Nr4a3 and Anxa5 mRNA expression during the
estrous cycle in rats in comparison with the expression of the gonadotropin subunit genes, luteinizing hormone beta (Lhb) and
Fshb. Nr4a3 mRNA expression showed a single peak at 1400 h of proestrus during the 4-d estrous cycle. Anxa5
mRNA level was elevated along with increased Fshb mRNA expression after the decline of Nr4a3 mRNA until 2300 h.
Lhb mRNA expression levels were not significantly changed during the estrous cycle. Notably, addition of a GnRH antagonist at 1100 h
completely eradicated luteinizing hormone secretion at 1400 h and 1700 h of proestrus, and significantly reduced the Nr4a3 mRNA expression
level at both the time points. These results suggest that GnRH is, at least partly, responsible for the increase in pituitary Nr4a3, and that
the interaction between NR4A3 and ANXA5 is required to regulate Fshb expression during the preovulatory gonadotropin surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Terashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Titaree Laoharatchatathanin
- Clinic for Small Domestic Animals and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Shiro Kurusu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Mitsumori Kawaminami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
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Flagging fusion: Phosphatidylserine signaling in cell-cell fusion. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100411. [PMID: 33581114 PMCID: PMC8005811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Formations of myofibers, osteoclasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and fertilized zygotes share a common step, cell–cell fusion. Recent years have brought about considerable progress in identifying some of the proteins involved in these and other cell-fusion processes. However, even for the best-characterized cell fusions, we still do not know the mechanisms that regulate the timing of cell-fusion events. Are they fully controlled by the expression of fusogenic proteins or do they also depend on some triggering signal that activates these proteins? The latter scenario would be analogous to the mechanisms that control the timing of exocytosis initiated by Ca2+ influx and virus-cell fusion initiated by low pH- or receptor interaction. Diverse cell fusions are accompanied by the nonapoptotic exposure of phosphatidylserine at the surface of fusing cells. Here we review data on the dependence of membrane remodeling in cell fusion on phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylserine-recognizing proteins and discuss the hypothesis that cell surface phosphatidylserine serves as a conserved “fuse me” signal regulating the time and place of cell-fusion processes.
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miR-127-3p Is an Epigenetic Activator of Myofibroblast Senescence Situated within the MicroRNA-Enriched Dlk1-Dio3‒Imprinted Domain on Mouse Chromosome 12. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1076-1086.e3. [PMID: 33279585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
During wound healing, fibroblasts differentiate into nonproliferative contractile myofibroblasts, contribute to skin repair, and eventually undergo apoptosis or become senescent. MicroRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression networks that control cell fate and survival and may also regulate senescence. In this study, we determined the regulated microRNAs in myofibroblasts isolated from wounds and analyzed their role in senescent myofibroblast formation. Transcriptome profiling showed that a 200 kilobase pair region of the Dlk1-Dio3‒imprinted domain on mouse chromosome 12 encodes for most of the upregulated microRNAs in the entire genome of mouse myofibroblasts. Among those, miR-127-3p induced a myofibroblast-like phenotype associated with a block in proliferation. Molecular analysis revealed that miR-127-3p induced a prolonged cell cycle arrest with unique molecular features of senescence, including the activation of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase, increase in p53 and p21 levels, inhibition of lamin B1, proliferation factors, and the production of senescence-associated inflammatory and extracellular matrix‒remodeling components. Hence, miR-127-3p emerges as an epigenetic activator regulating the transition from repair to remodeling during skin wound healing but may also induce age-related defects, pathological scarring, and fibrosis, all linked to myofibroblast senescence.
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Hoffman MT, Kemp SB, Salas-Escabillas DJ, Zhang Y, Steele NG, The S, Long D, Benitz S, Yan W, Margolskee RF, Bednar F, Pasca di Magliano M, Wen HJ, Crawford HC. The Gustatory Sensory G-Protein GNAT3 Suppresses Pancreatic Cancer Progression in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:349-369. [PMID: 32882403 PMCID: PMC7779788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) initiation and progression are accompanied by an immunosuppressive inflammatory response. Here, we evaluated the immunomodulatory role of chemosensory signaling in metaplastic tuft cells (MTCs) by analyzing the role of GNAT3, a gustatory pathway G-protein expressed by MTCs, during PDA progression. METHODS Gnat3-null (Gnat3-/-) mice were crossbred with animals harboring a Cre-inducible KrasLSL-G12D/+ allele with either Ptf1aCre/+ (KC) or tamoxifen-inducible Ptf1aCreERT/+ (KCERT) mice to drive oncogenic KRAS expression in the pancreas. Ex vivo organoid conditioned medium generated from KC and Gnat3-/-;KC acinar cells was analyzed for cytokine secretion. Experimental pancreatitis was induced in KCERT and Gnat3-/-;KCERT mice to accelerate tumorigenesis, followed by analysis using mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing. To study PDA progression, KC and Gnat3-/-;KC mice were aged to morbidity or 52 weeks. RESULTS Ablation of Gnat3 in KC organoids increased release of tumor-promoting cytokines in conditioned media, including CXCL1 and CXCL2. Analysis of Gnat3-/-;KCERT pancreata found altered expression of immunomodulatory genes in Cxcr2 expressing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and an increased number of granulocytic MDSCs, a subset of tumor promoting MDSCs. Importantly, expression levels of CXCL1 and CXCL2, known ligands for CXCR2, were also elevated in Gnat3-/-;KCERT pancreata. Consistent with the tumor-promoting role of MDSCs, aged Gnat3-/-;KC mice progressed more rapidly to metastatic carcinoma compared with KC controls. CONCLUSIONS Compromised gustatory sensing, achieved by Gnat3 ablation, enhanced the CXCL1/2-CXCR2 axis to alter the MDSC population and promoted the progression of metastatic PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan T Hoffman
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Samantha B Kemp
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel J Salas-Escabillas
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nina G Steele
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephanie The
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel Long
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Simone Benitz
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wei Yan
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Filip Bednar
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hui-Ju Wen
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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12
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Terashima R, Saigo T, Laoharatchatathanin T, Kurusu S, Brachvogel B, Pöschl E, Kawaminami M. Augmentation of Nr4a3 and Suppression of Fshb Expression in the Pituitary Gland of Female Annexin A5 Null Mouse. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa096. [PMID: 32864544 PMCID: PMC7448937 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
GnRH enhances the expression of annexin A5 (ANXA5) in pituitary gonadotropes, and ANXA5 enhances gonadotropin secretion. However, the impact of ANXA5 regulation on the expression of pituitary hormone genes remains unclear. Here, using quantitative PCR, we demonstrated that ANXA5 deficiency in female mice reduced the expression of Fshb and Gh in their pituitary glands. Transcriptome analysis confirmed a specific increase in Nr4a3 mRNA expression in addition to lower levels of Fshb expression in ANXA5-deficient female pituitary glands. This gene was then found to be a GnRH-inducible immediate early gene, and its increased expression caused protein to accumulate in the nucleus after administration of a GnRH agonist in LβT2 cells, which are an in vitro pituitary gonadotrope model. The increase in ANXA5 protein levels in LβT2 cells clearly suppressed Nr4a3 expression. siRNA-mediated inhibition of Nr4a3 expression increased Fshb expression. The results revealed that GnRH stimulates Nr4a3 and Anxa5 sequentially. NR4A3 suppression of Fshb may be necessary for later massive secretion of FSH by GnRH in gonadotropes, and Nr4a3 would be negatively regulated by ANXA5 to increase FSH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Terashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Saigo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Titaree Laoharatchatathanin
- Clinic for Small Domestic Animals and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shiro Kurusu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Experimental Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ernst Pöschl
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Mitsumori Kawaminami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
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13
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Naeini MB, Bianconi V, Pirro M, Sahebkar A. The role of phosphatidylserine recognition receptors in multiple biological functions. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:23. [PMID: 32226456 PMCID: PMC7098104 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cells are rapidly engulfed and degraded by phagocytes through efferocytosis. Efferocytosis is a highly regulated process. It is triggered upon the activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis, which in turn promotes the expression of "eat me" signals on the surface of dying cells and the release of soluble "find me" signals for the recruitment of phagocytes. To date, many "eat me" signals have been recognized, including phosphatidylserine (PS), intercellular adhesion molecule-3, carbohydrates (e.g., amino sugars, mannose) and calreticulin. Among them, PS is the most studied one. PS recognition receptors are different functionally active receptors expressed by phagocytes. Various PS recognition receptors with different structure, cell type expression, and ability to bind to PS have been recognized. Although PS recognition receptors do not fall into a single classification or family of proteins due to their structural differences, they all share the common ability to activate downstream signaling pathways leading to the production of anti-inflammatory mediators. In this review, available evidence regarding molecular mechanisms underlying PS recognition receptor-regulated clearance of apoptotic cells is discussed. In addition, some efferocytosis-independent biological functions of PS recognition receptors are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Bemani Naeini
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Sharma S, Al Hosani S, Kalmouni M, Nair AR, Palanikumar L, Pasricha R, Sadler KC, Magzoub M, Jagannathan R. Supercritical CO 2 Processing Generates Aqueous Cisplatin Solutions with Enhanced Cancer Specificity. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4558-4567. [PMID: 32175502 PMCID: PMC7066560 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a highly toxic material used clinically as a potent chemotherapeutic. While effective against some cancers, toxicity limits widespread use and low solubility confounds delivery. To formulate a better tolerated and more water-soluble form of cisplatin, we designed a rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) technique with supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) to collect nanoclusters of cisplatin embedded in dry ice, in a dual-stage collection vessel cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature. These nanoclusters were solubilized in deionized water and further concentrated (up to 51.3 mM) by a Rotovap process, yielding stable cisplatin solutions with solubility up to 15 × (w/w) greater than that of normal cisplatin. Extensive material characterizations of the solutions were carried out to determine any chemical and/or structural changes of the RESS-processed cisplatin. In vitro cytotoxicity studies of these aqueous solutions showed increased cell viability and early apoptosis compared to equivalent concentrations of standard cisplatin solutions. In vivo studies using zebrafish embryos revealed that standard cisplatin solutions were acutely toxic and caused death of rapidly proliferating cells compared to RESS-processed cisplatin, which were better tolerated with reduced general cell death. Increased water solubility and matched chemical identity of RESS-processed aqueous cisplatin solutions indicate the potential to open up novel drug-delivery routes, which is beneficial for new pharmaceutical design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mona Kalmouni
- Program
in Biology, New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | | | - Renu Pasricha
- Core
Technology Platform, New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Mazin Magzoub
- Program
in Biology, New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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15
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Braný D, Dvorská D, Grendár M, Ňachajová M, Szépe P, Lasabová Z, Žúbor P, Višňovský J, Halášová E. Different methylation levels in the KLF4, ATF3 and DLEC1 genes in the myometrium and in corpus uteri mesenchymal tumours as assessed by MS-HRM. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152465. [PMID: 31176573 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal tumours of the corpus uteri comprise common benign lesions - leiomyomas and very rare malignant variants - sarcomas. It can be difficult to distinguish between the particular types of mesenchymal tumours pre-surgically. Primarily, leiomyomas and the very aggressive leiomyosarcomas can be easily misdiagnosed when using only imaging devices. Therefore, a reliable non-invasive marker for these tumour types would provide greater certitude for patients that the lesion remains benign. Our collection comprises 76 native leiomyomas, an equal number of healthy myometrium samples and 49 FFPE samples of various types of sarcomas. The methylation level was assessed by MS-HRM method and we observed differences in the methylation level between healthy, benign and (semi)malignant tissues in the KLF4 and DLEC1 genes. The mean methylation levels of leiomyomas compared to myometrium and leiomyosarcomas were 70.7% vs. 6.5% vs. 39.6 % (KLF4) and 66.1% vs. 14.08% vs. 37.5% (DLEC1). The ATF3 gene was differentially methylated in leiomyomatous and myometrial tissues with 98.1% compared to 76.6%. The AUC values of the predictive logistic regression model for discrimination between leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas based on methylation levels were 0.7829 (KLF4) and 0.7719 (DLEC1). Finally, our results suggest that there should be distinct models for the methylation events in benign leiomyomas and sarcomas, and that the KLF4 and DLEC1 genes can be considered potential methylation biomarkers for uterine leiomyomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Braný
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Dana Dvorská
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Marián Grendár
- Bioinformatic Unit, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava
| | - Marcela Ňachajová
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Martin University Hospital, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava
| | - Peter Szépe
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Martin University Hospital, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava
| | - Zora Lasabová
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava
| | - Pavol Žúbor
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Martin University Hospital, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava
| | - Jozef Višňovský
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Martin University Hospital, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava
| | - Erika Halášová
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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16
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Holzer T, Probst K, Etich J, Auler M, Georgieva VS, Bluhm B, Frie C, Heilig J, Niehoff A, Nüchel J, Plomann M, Seeger JM, Kashkar H, Baris OR, Wiesner RJ, Brachvogel B. Respiratory chain inactivation links cartilage-mediated growth retardation to mitochondrial diseases. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1853-1870. [PMID: 31085560 PMCID: PMC6548139 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201809056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with mitochondrial diseases often present with slow growth and short stature, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, Holzer et al. provide in vivo evidence that mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction induces cartilage degeneration coincident with altered metabolism, impaired extracellular matrix formation, and cell death at the cartilage–bone junction. In childhood, skeletal growth is driven by transient expansion of cartilage in the growth plate. The common belief is that energy production in this hypoxic tissue mainly relies on anaerobic glycolysis and not on mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) activity. However, children with mitochondrial diseases causing RC dysfunction often present with short stature, which indicates that RC activity may be essential for cartilage-mediated skeletal growth. To elucidate the role of the mitochondrial RC in cartilage growth and pathology, we generated mice with impaired RC function in cartilage. These mice develop normally until birth, but their later growth is retarded. A detailed molecular analysis revealed that metabolic signaling and extracellular matrix formation is disturbed and induces cell death at the cartilage–bone junction to cause a chondrodysplasia-like phenotype. Hence, the results demonstrate the overall importance of the metabolic switch from fetal glycolysis to postnatal RC activation in growth plate cartilage and explain why RC dysfunction can cause short stature in children with mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Holzer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristina Probst
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Etich
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Auler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veronika S Georgieva
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Bluhm
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Frie
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juliane Heilig
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Niehoff
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian Nüchel
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Plomann
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens M Seeger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Olivier R Baris
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany .,Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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17
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Scholz P, Auler M, Ruthard J, Brachvogel B, Klatt AR, Streichert T. Detection of annexin A8 antibodies in serum of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2018; 28:030703. [PMID: 30429671 PMCID: PMC6214702 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2018.030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibodies specific for annexin A8 (AnxA8) have not been investigated in patients suffering from antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) yet. The aim of this study was to compare the presence of AnxA8 antibodies in serum of APS patients with that of age-matched healthy controls and to investigate whether AnxA8 antibodies are potential biomarkers for APS. Materials and methods We enrolled 22 APS patients and 22 healthy controls in this case-control study. We used sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot to investigate the presence of AnxA8 antibodies, and we applied enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to investigate the presence of cardiolipin (CL) and beta-2-glycoprotein I (ß2GPI) antibodies. Results The serum of 9/22 APS patients showed AnxA8 IgG isotype antibody reactivity compared to serum of 2/22 healthy controls (P = 0.034). When we also included weak immunoblot signals, 12/22 APS patients exhibited AnxA8 IgG isotype antibody reactivity compared to 3/22 healthy controls (P = 0.005). We also investigated the presence of AnxA8 IgM isotype antibodies in the serum of APS patients but found no statistically significant difference between the APS patient group and healthy control group (P = 0.500). We further investigated the presence of ß2GPI and CL IgG and IgM isotype antibodies. AnxA8 IgG isotype antibodies were present in APS patients in a similar frequency as the APS “criteria” antibody against CL (P = 0.764). Conclusion We demonstrated that AnxA8 IgG isotype antibodies are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Scholz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Auler
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Ruthard
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas R Klatt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Streichert
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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18
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Murray CE, Gami-Patel P, Gkanatsiou E, Brinkmalm G, Portelius E, Wirths O, Heywood W, Blennow K, Ghiso J, Holton JL, Mills K, Zetterberg H, Revesz T, Lashley T. The presubiculum is preserved from neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:62. [PMID: 30029687 PMCID: PMC6053705 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the majority of affected brain regions the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits in the form of diffuse and neuritic plaques, tau pathology in the form of neurofibrillary tangles, neuropil threads and plaque-associated abnormal neurites in combination with an inflammatory response. However, the anatomical area of the presubiculum, is characterised by the presence of a single large evenly distributed ‘lake-like’ Aβ deposit with minimal tau deposition or accumulation of inflammatory markers. Post-mortem brain samples from sporadic AD (SAD) and familial AD (FAD) and two hereditary cerebral amyloid diseases, familial British dementia (FBD) and familial Danish dementia (FDD) were used to compare the morphology of the extracellular proteins deposited in the presubiculum compared to the entorhinal cortex. The level of tau pathology and the extent of microglial activation were quantitated in the two brain regions in SAD and FAD. Frozen tissue was used to investigate the Aβ species and proteomic differences between the two regions. Consistent with our previous investigations of FBD and FDD cases we were able to establish that the ‘lake-like’ pre-amyloid deposits of the presubiculum were not a unique feature of AD but they also found two non-Aβ amyloidosis. Comparing the presubiculum to the entorhinal cortex the number of neurofibrillary tangles and tau load were significantly reduced; there was a reduction in microglial activation; there were differences in the Aβ profiles and the investigation of the whole proteome showed significant changes in different protein pathways. In summary, understanding why the presubiculum has a different morphological appearance, biochemical and proteomic makeup compared to surrounding brain regions severely affected by neurodegeneration could lead us to understanding protective mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases.
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19
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Frey B, Rückert M, Deloch L, Rühle PF, Derer A, Fietkau R, Gaipl US. Immunomodulation by ionizing radiation-impact for design of radio-immunotherapies and for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Immunol Rev 2018; 280:231-248. [PMID: 29027224 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is often regarded as an element of danger. But, danger responses on the cellular and molecular level are often beneficial with regard to the induction of anti-tumor immunity and for amelioration of inflammation. We outline how in dependence of radiation dose and fraction, radiation itself-and especially in combination with immune modulators-impacts on the innate and adaptive immune system. Focus is set on radiation-induced changes of the tumor cell phenotype and the cellular microenvironment including immunogenic cancer cell death. Mechanisms how anti-tumor immune responses are triggered by radiotherapy in combination with hyperthermia, inhibition of apoptosis, the adjuvant AnnexinA5, or vaccination with high hydrostatic pressure-killed autologous tumor cells are discussed. Building on this, feasible multimodal radio-immunotherapy concepts are reviewed including overcoming immune suppression by immune checkpoint inhibitors and by targeting TGF-β. Since radiation-induced tissue damage, inflammation, and anti-tumor immune responses are interconnected, the impact of lower doses of radiation on amelioration of inflammation is outlined. Closely meshed immune monitoring concepts based on the liquid biopsy blood are suggested for prognosis and prediction of cancer and non-cancer inflammatory diseases. Finally, challenges and visions for the design of cancer radio-immunotherapies and for treatment of benign inflammatory diseases are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Rückert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Deloch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul F Rühle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Derer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Long K, Mao K, Che T, Zhang J, Qiu W, Wang Y, Tang Q, Ma J, Li M, Li X. Transcriptome differences in frontal cortex between wild boar and domesticated pig. Anim Sci J 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keren Long
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Ke Mao
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Tiandong Che
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Wanling Qiu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Jideng Ma
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu Sichuan China
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Solanki A, Yanez DC, Ross S, Lau CI, Papaioannou E, Li J, Saldaña JI, Crompton T. Gli3 in fetal thymic epithelial cells promotes thymocyte positive selection and differentiation by repression of Shh. Development 2018; 145:dev.146910. [PMID: 29361554 PMCID: PMC5817998 DOI: 10.1242/dev.146910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gli3 is a Hedgehog (Hh)-responsive transcription factor that can function as a transcriptional repressor or activator. We show that Gli3 activity in mouse thymic epithelial cells (TECs) promotes positive selection and differentiation from CD4+ CD8+ to CD4+ CD8- single-positive (SP4) cells in the fetal thymus and that Gli3 represses Shh Constitutive deletion of Gli3, and conditional deletion of Gli3 from TECs, reduced differentiation to SP4, whereas conditional deletion of Gli3 from thymocytes did not. Conditional deletion of Shh from TECs increased differentiation to SP4, and expression of Shh was upregulated in the Gli3-deficient thymus. Use of a transgenic Hh reporter showed that the Hh pathway was active in thymocytes, and increased in the Gli3-deficient fetal thymus. Neutralisation of endogenous Hh proteins in the Gli3-/- thymus restored SP4 differentiation, indicating that Gli3 in TECs promotes SP4 differentiation by repression of Shh Transcriptome analysis showed that Hh-mediated transcription was increased whereas TCR-mediated transcription was decreased in Gli3-/- thymocytes compared with wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Solanki
- UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Diana C Yanez
- UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Susan Ross
- UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ching-In Lau
- UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Jiawei Li
- UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - José Ignacio Saldaña
- UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London E15 4LZ, UK
| | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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Annexin A13 promotes tumor cell invasion in vitro and is associated with metastasis in human colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21663-21673. [PMID: 28423508 PMCID: PMC5400614 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aberrantly upregulated expression of selected members of annexin, a group of calcium- and membrane-binding proteins, have been found to be associated with metastasis, poor prognosis, and other clinical characteristics in colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most diagnosed cancer. However, ANXA13 (encoding protein annexin A13), the original founder gene of the annexin A family, has not been studied carefully as a potential prognostic biomarker in CRC. Methods The protein level of annexin A13 was determined by western blot in a panel of CRC cell lines. Tumor cell invasion was determined by a Matrigel in vitro invasion assay in selected CRC cells with either upregulated (via plasmid transfection) or downregulated (via siRNA treatment) expression of ANXA13. The clinicopathological features and prognostic values associated with ANXA13 expression were also evaluated in a group of 125 CRC patients. Results ANXA13 was expressed at a high level in HCT116 and HT29 cells but undetected or at a lower level in SW620, SW48, and Rko cells. CRC cell invasion was promoted by ANXA13 overexpression in SW620 or Rko cells and was reduced by ANXA13 downregulation in HCT116 or HT29 cells. In CRC patients, ANXA13 expression levels correlated with lymph node metastasis and were associated with poor overall survival. Conclusions ANXA13 is associated with CRC cell invasion in vitro, and with lymph node metastasis and poor survival in CRC patients. Our results indicate that ANXA13 can be exploited as a biomarker for its diagnostic and prognostic values.
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Weyd H. More than just innate affairs - on the role of annexins in adaptive immunity. Biol Chem 2017; 397:1017-29. [PMID: 27467753 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In more than 30 years of research annexins have been demonstrated to regulate immune responses. The prototype member of this family, annexin (Anx) A1, has been widely recognized as an anti-inflammatory mediator affecting migration and cellular responses of various cell types of the innate immune system. Evidently, effects on innate immune cells also impact on the course of adaptive immune responses. Innate immune cells provide a distinct cytokine milieu during initiation of adaptive immunity which regulates the development of T cell responses. Moreover, innate immune cells such as monocytes can differentiate into dendritic cells and take an active part in T cell stimulation. Accumulating evidence shows a direct role for annexins in adaptive immunity. Anx A1, the annexin protein studied in most detail, has been shown to influence antigen presentation as well as T cells directly. Moreover, immune modulatory roles have been described for several other annexins such as Anx A2, Anx A4, Anx A5 and Anx A13. This review will focus on the involvement of Anx A1 and other annexins in central aspects of adaptive immunity, such as recruitment and activation of antigen presenting cells, T cell differentiation and the anti-inflammatory removal of apoptotic cells.
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Chen J, Cui Z, Yang S, Wu C, Li W, Bao G, Xu G, Sun Y, Wang L, Zhang J. The upregulation of annexin A2 after spinal cord injury in rats may have implication for astrocyte proliferation. Neuropeptides 2017; 61:67-76. [PMID: 27836325 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Annexin A2 (ANXA2), is a member of the annexin family of proteins that exhibit Ca2+-dependent binding to phospholipids. One attractive biological function of ANXA2 is participating in DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Previous studies have shown that ANXA2 play a role in the development of the central nervous system. However, the biological function of ANXA2 after spinal cord injury (SCI) is still with limited acquaintance. In the present study, we performed a SCI model in adult rats and investigated the dynamic changes of ANXA2 expression in the spinal cord. Western blot analysis indicated a striking expression upregulation of ANXA2 after SCI. Immunohistochemistry further confirmed that ANXA2 immunoactivity was expressed at low levels in normal condition and increased at 5day after SCI. Double immunofluorescence staining prompted that ANXA2 immunoreactivity was found in astrocytes and neurons. Interestingly, ANXA2 expression was increased predominantly in astrocytes. We also examined the expression profiles of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Cyclin D1 and active caspase-3 in the injured spinal cords by western blot. Co-expression of ANXA2/PCNA, ANXA2/Cyclin D1 was detected in glial fibrillary acidic protein. Importantly, double immunofluorescence staining revealed that cell proliferation evaluated by PCNA appeared in many ANXA2-expressing cells and rare caspase-3 was observed in ANXA2-expressing cells after SCI. In addition, ANXA2 knockdown in astrocytes resulted in the increase of PCNA expression after LPS stimulation, showing that ANXA2 inhibited astrocyte proliferation after inflammation. Our data suggested that ANXA2 might play important roles in CNS pathophysiology after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Saishuai Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshuai Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Bao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Neutral sphingomyelinase (SMPD3) deficiency disrupts the Golgi secretory pathway and causes growth inhibition. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2488. [PMID: 27882938 PMCID: PMC5260872 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Systemic loss of neutral sphingomyelinase (SMPD3) in mice leads to a novel form of systemic, juvenile hypoplasia (dwarfism). SMPD3 deficiency in mainly two growth regulating cell types contributes to the phenotype, in chondrocytes of skeletal growth zones to skeletal malformation and chondrodysplasia, and in hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons to systemic hypothalamus–pituitary–somatotropic hypoplasia. The unbiased smpd3−/− mouse mutant and derived smpd3−/− primary chondrocytes were instrumental in defining the enigmatic role underlying the systemic and cell autonomous role of SMPD3 in the Golgi compartment. Here we describe the unprecedented role of SMPD3. SMPD3 deficiency disrupts homeostasis of sphingomyelin (SM), ceramide (Cer) and diacylglycerol (DAG) in the Golgi SMPD3-SMS1 (SM-synthase1) cycle. Cer and DAG, two fusogenic intermediates, modify the membrane lipid bilayer for the initiation of vesicle formation and transport. Dysproteostasis, unfolded protein response, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis perturb the Golgi secretory pathway in the smpd3−/− mouse. Secretion of extracellular matrix proteins is arrested in chondrocytes and causes skeletal malformation and chondrodysplasia. Similarly, retarded secretion of proteo-hormones in hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons leads to hypothalamus induced combined pituitary hormone deficiency. SMPD3 in the regulation of the protein vesicular secretory pathway may become a diagnostic target in the etiology of unknown forms of juvenile growth and developmental inhibition.
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Scholz P, Auler M, Brachvogel B, Benzing T, Mallman P, Streichert T, Klatt AR. Detection of multiple annexin autoantibodies in a patient with recurrent miscarriages, fulminant stroke and seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2016; 26:272-8. [PMID: 27346975 PMCID: PMC4910275 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2016.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) is one of the main causes for recurrent miscarriages. The diagnosis of APS is based on the occurrence of clinical symptoms such as thrombotic events or obstetric complications as well as the detection of antiphospholipid antibodies directed against β2-glycoprotein I and cardiolipin, or a positive lupus anticoagulant assay. However, there is a subpopulation of patients with clinical symptoms of APS, but the lack of serological markers (seronegative APS). In addition, a large proportion of patients with unexplained recurrent miscarriages exist. These cases may be attributed, at least in part, to a seronegative APS.
The presence of autoantibodies against annexins is potentially associated with APS. Here we used immunoassays and immunoblots to detect autoantibodies directed against annexin A1-5, and A8, respectively, in a patient with a seronegative APS and a history of six recurrent pregnancy losses and fulminant stroke. We found strong IgM isotype antibody reactivity directed against annexin A2 and annexin A8, and moderate to weak IgM isotype antibody reactivity directed against annexin A1, A3, and A5. Further studies will evaluate the diagnostic value of IgM isotype antibodies against annexin A1-A5, and A8 for seronegative APS and recurrent miscarriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Scholz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Auler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Mallman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Andreas R Klatt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Germany
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Kreft S, Klatt AR, Straßburger J, Pöschl E, Flower RJ, Eming S, Reutelingsperger C, Brisson A, Brachvogel B. Skin Wound Repair Is Not Altered in the Absence of Endogenous AnxA1 or AnxA5, but Pharmacological Concentrations of AnxA4 and AnxA5 Inhibit Wound Hemostasis. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 201:287-98. [PMID: 27178140 DOI: 10.1159/000445106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin injury induces the cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) on damaged and dying cells to activate coagulation and repair processes. Annexins can bind to PS and may modulate the healing response. Here, we determine the relevance of annexins for skin wound healing using AnxA1- and AnxA5-deficient mice and recombinant annexins with distinct PS binding properties. Wound inflammation, closure and the formation of granulation tissue were not altered in AnxA1- or AnxA5-deficient mice or after increasing AnxA5 serum concentrations (100 nM) in wild-type mice. Increased serum concentrations (1 µM) of AnxA5 induced massive bleeding, but wound hemostasis was not delayed by AnxA1. Both annexins interact with PS, but only AnxA5 can form 2-dimensional (2D) arrays on the cell surface. The injection of an AnxA5 mutant that binds to PS but lacks the ability of 2D array formation failed to induce bleeding. 2D lattice-forming AnxA4, with high affinity to PS also caused bleeding, while hemostasis was not affected by AnxA8 with low affinity or the AnxA8 mutant with medium affinity for PS and the lack of 2D formation. Increased concentrations of AnxA4 and AnxA5 also delayed coagulation pathway activation in vitro. This effect was attenuated for the AnxA5 mutant as well as for AnxA1 and AnxA8. In conclusion, endogenous AnxA1 and AnxA5 are dispensable for wound hemostasis and repair, but pharmacologically excessive concentrations of AnxA4 and AnxA5 inhibit hemostasis in skin wounds.
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28
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Chong ZZ. Targeting PRAS40 for multiple diseases. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1222-31. [PMID: 27086010 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proline-rich Akt substrate 40kDa (PRAS40) bridges cell signaling between protein kinase B (Akt) and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Both Akt and mTORC1 can phosphorylate PRAS40. As a negative regulator of mTORC1, PRAS40 prevents the binding of mTOR to its substrates. The phosphorylation of PRAS40 results in its dissociation from mTORC1 and enhanced mTOR activation. PRAS40 in conjunction with mTORC1 has been closely associated with programmed cell death and is implicated in diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological diseases. Thus, targeting PRAS40 might hold great promise for innovative therapeutic strategies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhong Chong
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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Reuten R, Nikodemus D, Oliveira MB, Patel TR, Brachvogel B, Breloy I, Stetefeld J, Koch M. Maltose-Binding Protein (MBP), a Secretion-Enhancing Tag for Mammalian Protein Expression Systems. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152386. [PMID: 27029048 PMCID: PMC4814134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are commonly expressed in eukaryotic expression systems to ensure the formation of disulfide bridges and proper glycosylation. Although many proteins can be expressed easily, some proteins, sub-domains, and mutant protein versions can cause problems. Here, we investigated expression levels of recombinant extracellular, intracellular as well as transmembrane proteins tethered to different polypeptides in mammalian cell lines. Strikingly, fusion of proteins to the prokaryotic maltose-binding protein (MBP) generally enhanced protein production. MBP fusion proteins consistently exhibited the most robust increase in protein production in comparison to commonly used tags, e.g., the Fc, Glutathione S-transferase (GST), SlyD, and serum albumin (ser alb) tag. Moreover, proteins tethered to MBP revealed reduced numbers of dying cells upon transient transfection. In contrast to the Fc tag, MBP is a stable monomer and does not promote protein aggregation. Therefore, the MBP tag does not induce artificial dimerization of tethered proteins and provides a beneficial fusion tag for binding as well as cell adhesion studies. Using MBP we were able to secret a disease causing laminin β2 mutant protein (congenital nephrotic syndrome), which is normally retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. In summary, this study establishes MBP as a versatile expression tag for protein production in eukaryotic expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Reuten
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail: (MK); (RR)
| | - Denise Nikodemus
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria B. Oliveira
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Trushar R. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba RT3 2N2, Canada
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Experimental Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Isabelle Breloy
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Stetefeld
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba RT3 2N2, Canada
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail: (MK); (RR)
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Pitzler L, Auler M, Probst K, Frie C, Bergmeier V, Holzer T, Belluoccio D, van den Bergen J, Etich J, Ehlen H, Zhou Z, Bielke W, Pöschl E, Paulsson M, Brachvogel B. miR-126-3p Promotes Matrix-Dependent Perivascular Cell Attachment, Migration and Intercellular Interaction. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1297-309. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Pitzler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Markus Auler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Kristina Probst
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Christian Frie
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Vera Bergmeier
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Tatjana Holzer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Daniele Belluoccio
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging - Associated Diseases (CECAD); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Jocelyn van den Bergen
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Julia Etich
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Harald Ehlen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | | | - Ernst Pöschl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Mats Paulsson
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
- Norwich Medical School; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich United Kingdom
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
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Visagie MH, Birkholtz LM, Joubert AM. A 2-methoxyestradiol bis-sulphamoylated derivative induces apoptosis in breast cell lines. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:19. [PMID: 25908963 PMCID: PMC4407428 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research involving antimitotic compounds identified 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), as a promising anticancer endogenous metabolite. Owing to its low bioavailability, several in silico-designed 2ME2 analogues were synthesized. Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that an already existing 17-β-estradiol analogue, namely (8R,13S,14S,17S)-2-ethyl-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrane-3,17-diyl bis(sulphamate) (EMBS) to exert potential in vitro anticancer activity. Methods This study investigated the in vitro apoptotic influence of EMBS in an estrogen receptor-positive breast adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (MCF-7); an estrogen receptor-negative breast epithelial cell line (MDA-MB-231) and a non-tumorigenic breast cell line (MCF-12A). Cell cycle progression, a phosphatidylserine flip, caspase 6-, 7- and 8 enzyme activity levels, Bcl-2 phosphorylation status at serine 70 and Bcl-2- and p53 protein levels were investigated to identify a possible action mechanism for apoptotic induction. Results The xCELLigence real-time label-independent approach revealed that EMBS exerted antiproliferative activity in all three cell lines after 24 h of exposure. A G2M block was observed and apoptosis induction was verified by means of flow cytometry using propidium iodide and Annexin V-FITC respectively. EMBS-treated cells demonstrated a reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. EMBS exposure resulted in a statistically significant increase in p53 protein expression, decreased Bcl-2 protein expression and a decrease in pBcl-2(s70) phosphorylation status in all three cell lines. Results support the notion that EMBS induces apoptosis in all three cell lines. Conclusion This study includes investigation into the apoptotic hallmarks exerted by EMBS after exposure of three cell lines namely MCF-7-, MDA-MDA-231- and MCF-12A cells. Increased caspase 6-, caspase 7- and caspase 8 activities, upregulation of p53 protein expression and a decrease in phosphorylation status of Bcl-2 at serine 70 in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic lines were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Helen Visagie
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 323, Arcadia, 0007 South Africa
| | - Lyn-Marie Birkholtz
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028 South Africa
| | - Anna Margaretha Joubert
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 323, Arcadia, 0007 South Africa
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Etich J, Holzer T, Pitzler L, Bluhm B, Brachvogel B. MiR-26a modulates extracellular matrix homeostasis in cartilage. Matrix Biol 2015; 43:27-34. [PMID: 25766405 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may represent new therapeutic targets for bone and joint diseases. We hypothesized that several cartilage-specific proteins are targeted by a single miRNA and used bioinformatics to identify a miRNA that can modulate extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis in cartilage. Bioinformatic analysis of miRNA binding sequences in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target genes was performed to identify a miRNA that could bind to the 3'-UTR of cartilage matrix-related genes. MiRNA expression was studied by quantitative PCR of microdissected growth plate cartilage and binding to the 3'-UTR sequences was analyzed by luciferase interaction studies. Levels of proteins encoded by target genes in cultures of miR-26a mimic- or inhibitor-transfected chondrocytes were determined by FACS or immunoblot analysis. The complementary binding sequence of miR-26a and miR-26b was found in the 3'-UTR of the prehypertrophic/hypertrophic-specific genes Cd200, Col10a1 as well as Col9a1 and Ctgf. Both miRNAs were expressed in cartilage and only miR-26a was downregulated in hypertrophic growth plate cartilage. MiR-26a could interact with the 3'-UTR of Cd200 and Col10a1 in luciferase binding studies, but not with Col9a1 and Ctgf. However, protein expression of target genes and the ECM adaptor genes matrilin-3 and COMP was significantly altered in miR-26a mimic- or inhibitor-transfected chondrocytes, whereas the abundance of the cell surface receptor for insulin was not changed. In conclusion, miR-26a suppresses hypertrophic and ECM adaptor protein production. Dysregulation of miR-26a expression could contribute to ECM changes in cartilage diseases and this miRNA may therefore act as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Etich
- Experimental Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tatjana Holzer
- Experimental Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Pitzler
- Experimental Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Bluhm
- Experimental Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Experimental Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Wang J, Guo C, Liu S, Qi H, Yin Y, Liang R, Sun MZ, Greenaway FT. Annexin A11 in disease. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 431:164-8. [PMID: 24508622 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitously expressed in many cell types, annexin A11 (Anxa11) is a member of the multigene family of Ca(2+)-regulated phospholipid-dependent and membrane-binding annexin proteins. Studies have shown that Anxa11 plays an important role in cell division, Ca(2+) signaling, vesicle trafficking and apoptosis. The deregulation and mutation of Anxa11 are involved in systemic autoimmune diseases, sarcoidosis and the development, chemoresistance and recurrence of cancers. Malfunction of Anxa11 may lead to or enhance the metastasis, invasion and drug resistance of cancers through the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) pathway and/or the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p53 pathway. In a variety of diseases, Anxa11 is most commonly reported to function through interactions with apoptosis-linked gene-2 protein (ALG-2) and/or calcyclin (S100A6). Although it has been little studied, Anxa11 is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of certain diseases. In this review, the associations of Anxa11 with Ca(2+)-regulated exocytosis, cytokinesis, sex differentiation, autoimmune diseases, thrombolysis and cancers are summarized and interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chunmei Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Houbao Qi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yuling Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Frederick T Greenaway
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
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In vivo imaging of myocardial cell death using a peptide probe and assessment of long-term heart function. J Control Release 2013; 172:367-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytic neighbors is crucial for normal development of multicellular organisms. However, how phagocytes discriminate between healthy and dying cells remains poorly understood. We focus on glial phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons during development of the Drosophila central nervous system. We identified phosphatidylserine (PS) as a ligand on apoptotic cells for the phagocytic receptor Six Microns Under (SIMU) and report that PS alone is not sufficient for engulfment. Our data reveal that, additionally to PS exposure, caspase activity is required for clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. Here we demonstrate that SIMU recognizes and binds PS on apoptotic cells through its N-terminal EMILIN (EMI), Nimrod 1 (NIM1), and NIM2 repeats, whereas the C-terminal NIM3 and NIM4 repeats control SIMU affinity to PS. Based on the structure-function analysis of SIMU, we discovered a novel mechanism of internal inhibition responsible for differential affinities of SIMU to its ligand which might prevent elimination of living cells exposing PS on their surfaces.
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Ehlen HWA, Chinenkova M, Moser M, Munter HM, Krause Y, Gross S, Brachvogel B, Wuelling M, Kornak U, Vortkamp A. Inactivation of anoctamin-6/Tmem16f, a regulator of phosphatidylserine scrambling in osteoblasts, leads to decreased mineral deposition in skeletal tissues. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:246-59. [PMID: 22936354 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During vertebrate skeletal development, osteoblasts produce a mineralized bone matrix by deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals in the extracellular matrix. Anoctamin6/Tmem16F (Ano6) belongs to a conserved family of transmembrane proteins with chloride channel properties. In addition, Ano6 has been linked to phosphatidylserine (PS) scrambling in the plasma membrane. During skeletogenesis, Ano6 mRNA is expressed in differentiating and mature osteoblasts. Deletion of Ano6 in mice results in reduced skeleton size and skeletal deformities. Molecular analysis revealed that chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation are not disturbed. However, mutant mice display increased regions of nonmineralized, Ibsp-expressing osteoblasts in the periosteum during embryonic development and increased areas of uncalcified osteoid postnatally. In primary Ano6(-/-) osteoblasts, mineralization is delayed, indicating a cell autonomous function of Ano6. Furthermore, we demonstrate that calcium-dependent PS scrambling is impaired in osteoblasts. Our study is the first to our knowledge to reveal the requirement of Ano6 in PS scrambling in osteoblasts, supporting a function of PS exposure in the deposition of hydroxyapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald W A Ehlen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Dual functions of the C5a receptor as a connector for the K562 erythroblast-like cell-THP-1 macrophage-like cell island and as a sensor for the differentiation of the K562 erythroblast-like cell during haemin-induced erythropoiesis. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:187080. [PMID: 23346183 PMCID: PMC3546471 DOI: 10.1155/2012/187080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional nuclear factor binding to the Y box of human leukocyte antigen genes (NF-Y) for the C5a receptor (C5aR) gene is active in erythroblasts. However, the roles of the C5aR in erythropoiesis are unclear. We have previously demonstrated that apoptotic cell-derived ribosomal protein S19 (RP S19) oligomers exhibit extraribosomal functions in promoting monocyte chemotaxis and proapoptosis via the C5aR without receptor internalisation. In contrast to the extraribosomal functions of the RP S19, a proapoptotic signal in pro-EBs, which is caused by mutations in the RP S19 gene, is associated with the inherited erythroblastopenia, Diamond-Blackfan anaemia. In this study, we detected C5aR expression and RP S19 oligomer generation in human erythroleukemia K562 cells during haemin-induced erythropoiesis. Under monocell culture conditions, the differentiation into K562 erythrocyte-like cells was enhanced following the overexpression of Wild-type RP S19. Conversely, the differentiation was repressed following the overexpression of mutant RP S19. An RP S19 oligomer inhibitor and a C5aR inhibitor blocked the association of the K562 basophilic EB-like cells and the THP-1 macrophage-like cells under coculture conditions. When bound to RP S19 oligomers, the C5aR may exhibit dual functions as a connector for the EB-macrophage island and as a sensor for EB differentiation in the bone marrow.
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Loss of maternal annexin A5 increases the likelihood of placental platelet thrombosis and foetal loss. Sci Rep 2012; 2:827. [PMID: 23145320 PMCID: PMC3494014 DOI: 10.1038/srep00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and pregnancy loss. Annexin A5 (Anxa5) is a candidate autoantigen. It is not known, however, whether endogenous Anxa5 prevents foetal loss during normal pregnancy. We found significant reductions in litter size and foetal weight in Anxa5-null mice (Anxa5-KO). These changes occurred even when only the mother was Anxa5-KO. A small amount of placental fibrin deposition was observed in the decidual tissues, but did not noticeably differ between wild-type and Anxa5-KO mice. However, immunoreactivity for integrin beta 3/CD61, a platelet marker, was demonstrated within thrombi in the arterial canals only in Anxa5-KO mothers. Subcutaneous administration of the anticoagulant heparin to pregnant Anxa5-KO mice significantly reduced pregnancy loss, suggesting that maternal Anxa5 is crucial for maintaining intact placental circulation. Hence, the presence of maternal Anxa5 minimises the risk of thrombosis in the placental circulation and reduces the risk of foetal loss.
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Grskovic I, Kutsch A, Frie C, Groma G, Stermann J, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Niehoff A, Moss SE, Rosenbaum S, Pöschl E, Chmielewski M, Rappl G, Abken H, Bateman JF, Cheah KS, Paulsson M, Brachvogel B. Depletion of annexin A5, annexin A6, and collagen X causes no gross changes in matrix vesicle-mediated mineralization, but lack of collagen X affects hematopoiesis and the Th1/Th2 response. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:2399-412. [PMID: 22692895 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Numerous biochemical studies have pointed to an essential role of annexin A5 (AnxA5), annexin A6 (AnxA6), and collagen X in matrix vesicle-mediated biomineralization during endochondral ossification and in osteoarthritis. By binding to the extracellular matrix protein collagen X and matrix vesicles, annexins were proposed to anchor matrix vesicles in the extracellular space of hypertrophic chondrocytes to initiate the calcification of cartilage. However, mineralization appears to be normal in mice lacking AnxA5 and AnxA6, whereas collagen X-deficient mice show only subtle alterations in the growth plate organization. We hypothesized that the simultaneous lack of AnxA5, AnxA6, and collagen X in vivo induces more pronounced changes in the growth plate development and the initiation of mineralization. In this study, we generated and analyzed mice deficient for AnxA5, AnxA6, and collagen X. Surprisingly, mice were viable, fertile, and showed no obvious abnormalities. Assessment of growth plate development indicated that the hypertrophic zone was expanded in Col10a1(-/-) and AnxA5(-/-) AnxA6(-/-) Col10a1(-/-) newborns, whereas endochondral ossification and mineralization were not affected in 13-day- and 1-month-old mutants. In peripheral quantitative computed tomography, no changes in the degree of biomineralization were found in femora of 1-month- and 1-year-old mutants even though the diaphyseal circumference was reduced in Col10a1(-/-) and AnxA5(-/-) AnxA6(-/-) Col10a1(-/-) mice. The percentage of naive immature IgM(+) /IgM(+) B cells and peripheral T-helper cells were increased in Col10a1(-/-) and AnxA5(-/-) AnxA6(-/-) Col10a1(-/-) mutants, and activated splenic T cells isolated from Col10a1(-/-) mice secreted elevated levels of IL-4 and GM-CSF. Hence, collagen X is needed for hematopoiesis during endochondral ossification and for the immune response, but the interaction of annexin A5, annexin A6, and collagen X is not essential for physiological calcification of growth plate cartilage. Therefore, annexins and collagen X may rather fulfill functions in growth plate cartilage not directly linked to the mineralization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Grskovic
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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On the segregation of protein ionic residues by charge type. Amino Acids 2012; 43:2231-47. [PMID: 23081700 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Based on ubiquitous presence of large ionic motifs and clusters in proteins involved in gene transcription and protein synthesis, we analyzed the distribution of ionizable sidechains in a broad selection of proteins with regulatory, metabolic, structural and adhesive functions, in agonist, antagonist, toxin and antimicrobial peptides, and in self-excising inteins and intron-derived proteins and sequence constructs. All tested groups, regardless of taxa or sequence size, show considerable segregation of ionizable sidechains into same type charge (homoionic) tracts. These segments in most cases exceed half of the sequence length and comprise more than two-thirds of all ionizable sidechains. This distribution of ionic residues apparently reflects a fundamental advantage of sorted electrostatic contacts in association of sequence elements within and between polypeptides, as well as in interaction with polynucleotides. While large ionic densities are encountered in highly interactive proteins, the average ionic density in most sets does not change appreciably with size of the homoionic segments, which supports the segregation as a modular feature favoring association.
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Bandorowicz-Pikula J, Wos M, Pikula S. Do annexins participate in lipid messenger mediated intracellular signaling? A question revisited. Mol Membr Biol 2012; 29:229-42. [PMID: 22694075 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2012.693210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Annexins are physiologically important proteins that play a role in calcium buffering but also influence membrane structure, participate in Ca²⁺-dependent membrane repair events and in remodelling of the cytoskeleton. Thirty years ago several peptides isolated from lung perfusates, peritoneal leukocytes, neutrophiles and renal cells were proven inhibitory to the activity of phospholipase A₂. Those peptides were found to derive from structurally related proteins: annexins AnxA1 and AnxA2. These findings raised the question whether annexins may participate in regulation of the production of lipid second messengers and, therefore, modulate numerous lipid mediated signaling pathways in the cell. Recent advances in the field of annexins made also with the use of knock-out animal models revealed that these proteins are indeed important constituents of specific signaling pathways. In this review we provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that annexins, as membrane-binding proteins and organizers of the membrane lateral heterogeneity, may participate in lipid mediated signaling pathways by affecting the distribution and activity of lipid metabolizing enzymes (most of the reports point to phospholipase A₂) and of protein kinases regulating activity of these enzymes. Moreover, some experimental data suggest that annexins may directly interact with lipid metabolizing enzymes and, in a calcium-dependent or independent manner, with some of their substrates and products. On the basis of these observations, many investigators suggest that annexins are capable of linking Ca²⁺, redox and lipid signaling to coordinate vital cellular responses to the environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bandorowicz-Pikula
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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