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Klauer MJ, Willette BKA, Tsvetanova NG. Functional diversification of cell signaling by GPCR localization. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105668. [PMID: 38272232 PMCID: PMC10882132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors and a critical class of regulators of mammalian physiology. Also known as seven transmembrane receptors (7TMs), GPCRs are ubiquitously expressed and versatile, detecting a diverse set of endogenous stimuli, including odorants, neurotransmitters, hormones, peptides, and lipids. Accordingly, GPCRs have emerged as the largest class of drug targets, accounting for upward of 30% of all prescription drugs. The view that ligand-induced GPCR responses originate exclusively from the cell surface has evolved to reflect accumulating evidence that receptors can elicit additional waves of signaling from intracellular compartments. These events in turn shape unique cellular and physiological outcomes. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the roles and regulation of compartmentalized GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Klauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Blair K A Willette
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nikoleta G Tsvetanova
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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2
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Jeong MH, Urquhart G, Lewis C, Chi Z, Jewell JL. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4D suppresses mTORC1 signaling and pancreatic cancer growth. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e158098. [PMID: 37427586 PMCID: PMC10371348 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) senses multiple upstream stimuli to orchestrate anabolic and catabolic events that regulate cell growth and metabolism. Hyperactivation of mTORC1 signaling is observed in multiple human diseases; thus, pathways that suppress mTORC1 signaling may help to identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we report that phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) promotes pancreatic cancer tumor growth by increasing mTORC1 signaling. GPCRs paired to Gαs proteins activate adenylyl cyclase, which in turn elevates levels of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), whereas PDEs catalyze the hydrolysis of cAMP to 5'-AMP. PDE4D forms a complex with mTORC1 and is required for mTORC1 lysosomal localization and activation. Inhibition of PDE4D and the elevation of cAMP levels block mTORC1 signaling via Raptor phosphorylation. Moreover, pancreatic cancer exhibits an upregulation of PDE4D expression, and high PDE4D levels predict the poor overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Importantly, FDA-approved PDE4 inhibitors repress pancreatic cancer cell tumor growth in vivo by suppressing mTORC1 signaling. Our results identify PDE4D as an important activator of mTORC1 and suggest that targeting PDE4 with FDA-approved inhibitors may be beneficial for the treatment of human diseases with hyperactivated mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and
| | - Greg Urquhart
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and
| | | | - Zhikai Chi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jenna L Jewell
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and
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3
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Martinez JM, Shen A, Xu B, Jovanovic A, de Chabot J, Zhang J, Xiang YK. Arrestin-dependent nuclear export of phosphodiesterase 4D promotes GPCR-induced nuclear cAMP signaling required for learning and memory. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eade3380. [PMID: 36976866 PMCID: PMC10404024 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) promote the expression of immediate early genes required for learning and memory. Here, we showed that β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) stimulation induced the nuclear export of phosphodiesterase 4D5 (PDE4D5), an enzyme that degrades the second messenger cAMP, to enable memory consolidation. We demonstrated that the endocytosis of β2AR phosphorylated by GPCR kinases (GRKs) mediated arrestin3-dependent nuclear export of PDE4D5, which was critical for promoting nuclear cAMP signaling and gene expression in hippocampal neurons for memory consolidation. Inhibition of the arrestin3-PDE4D5 association prevented β2AR-induced nuclear cAMP signaling without affecting receptor endocytosis. Direct PDE4 inhibition rescued β2AR-induced nuclear cAMP signaling and ameliorated memory deficits in mice expressing a form of the β2AR that could not be phosphorylated by GRKs. These data reveal how β2AR phosphorylated by endosomal GRK promotes the nuclear export of PDE4D5, leading to nuclear cAMP signaling, changes in gene expression, and memory consolidation. This study also highlights the translocation of PDEs as a mechanism to promote cAMP signaling in specific subcellular locations downstream of GPCR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ao Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, 95655, USA
| | - Aleksandra Jovanovic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Josephine de Chabot
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yang K. Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, 95655, USA
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4
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Miao Y, Peng L, Chen Z, Hu Y, Tao L, Yao Y, Wu Y, Yang D, Xu T. Recent advances of Phosphodiesterase 4B in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:121-132. [PMID: 36803246 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2183496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) is a crucial enzyme in the phosphodiesterases (PDEs), acting as a regulator of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). It is involved in cancer process through PDE4B/cAMP signaling pathway. Cancer occurs and develops with the regulation of PDE4B in the body, suggesting that PDE4B is a promising therapeutic target. AREAS COVERED This review covereed the function and mechanism of PDE4B in cancer. We summarized the possible clinical applications of PDE4B, and highlighted the possible ways to develop clinical applications of PDE4B inhibitors. We also discussed some common PDEs inhibitors, and expected the development of combined targeting PDE4B and other PDEs drugs in the future. EXPERT OPINION The existing research and clinical data can strongly prove the role of PDE4B in cancer. PDE4B inhibition can effectively increase cell apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, transformation, migration, etc., indicating that PDE4B inhibition can effectively inhibit the development of cancer. Other PDEs may antagonize or coordinate this effect. As for the further study on the relationship between PDE4B and other PDEs in cancer, it is still a challenge to develop multi-targeted PDEs inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li Peng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhaolin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Liangsong Tao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yincui Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dashuai Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Davies A, Tomas A. Appreciating the potential for GPCR crosstalk with ion channels. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 195:101-120. [PMID: 36707150 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are expressed by most tissues in the body and are exploited pharmacologically in a variety of pathological conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurological diseases, and cancers. Numerous cell signaling pathways can be regulated by GPCR activation, depending on the specific GPCR, ligand and cell type. Ion channels are among the many effector proteins downstream of these signaling pathways. Saliently, ion channels are also recognized as druggable targets, and there is evidence that their activity may regulate GPCR function via membrane potential and cytoplasmic ion concentration. Overall, there appears to be a large potential for crosstalk between ion channels and GPCRs. This might have implications not only for targeting GPCRs for drug development, but also opens the possibility of co-targeting them with ion channels to achieve improved therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we highlight the large variety of possible GPCR-ion channel crosstalk modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Davies
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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6
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Rich TC, Xin W, Leavesley SJ, Francis CM, Taylor M. Ion Channel-Based Reporters for cAMP Detection. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2483:265-279. [PMID: 35286682 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2245-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the last 20 years tremendous progress has been made in the development of single cell cAMP sensors. Sensors are based upon cAMP binding proteins that have been modified to transduce cAMP concentrations into electrical or fluorescent readouts that can be readily detected using patch clamp amplifiers, photomultiplier tubes, or cameras. Here, we describe two complementary approaches for the detection and measurement of cAMP signals near the plasma membrane of cells using cyclic nucleotide (CNG) channel-based probes. These probes take advantage of the ability of CNG channels to transduce small changes in cAMP concentration into ionic flux through channel pores that can be readily detected by measuring Ca2+ and/or Mn2+ influx or by measuring ionic currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Rich
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.
| | - Wenkuan Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Silas J Leavesley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - C Michael Francis
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Mark Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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7
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Rich TC, Leavesley SJ, Brandon AP, Evans CA, Raju SV, Wagener BM. Phosphodiesterase 4 mediates interleukin-8-induced heterologous desensitization of the β 2 -adrenergic receptor. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21946. [PMID: 34555226 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002712rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening illness characterized by decreased alveolar-capillary barrier function, pulmonary edema consisting of proteinaceous fluid, and inhibition of net alveolar fluid transport responsible for resolution of pulmonary edema. There is currently no pharmacotherapy that has proven useful to prevent or treat ARDS, and two trials using beta-agonist therapy to treat ARDS demonstrated no effect. Prior studies indicated that IL-8-induced heterologous desensitization of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2 -AR) led to decreased beta-agonist-induced mobilization of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Interestingly, phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors have been used in human airway diseases characterized by low intracellular cAMP levels and increases in specific cAMP hydrolyzing activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that PDE4 would mediate IL-8-induced heterologous internalization of the β2 -AR and that PDE4 inhibition would restore beta-agonist-induced functions. We determined that CINC-1 (a functional IL-8 analog in rats) induces internalization of β2 -AR from the cell surface, and arrestin-2, PDE4, and β2 -AR form a complex during this process. Furthermore, we determined that cAMP associated with the plasma membrane was adversely affected by β2 -AR heterologous desensitization. Additionally, we determined that rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor, reversed CINC-1-induced derangements of cAMP and also caused β2 -AR to successfully recycle back to the cell surface. Finally, we demonstrated that rolipram could reverse CINC-1-mediated inhibition of beta-agonist-induced alveolar fluid clearance in a murine model of trauma-shock. These results indicate that PDE4 plays a role in CINC-1-induced heterologous internalization of the β2 -AR; PDE4 inhibition reverses these effects and may be a useful adjunct in particular ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Rich
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Silas J Leavesley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Angela P Brandon
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Cilina A Evans
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - S Vamsee Raju
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,UAB Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Brant M Wagener
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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8
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Abou Saleh L, Boyd A, Aragon IV, Koloteva A, Spadafora D, Mneimneh W, Barrington RA, Richter W. Ablation of PDE4B protects from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury in mice by ameliorating the cytostorm and associated hypothermia. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21797. [PMID: 34383981 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100495r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a frequent cause of hospital-acquired lung infections characterized by hyperinflammation, antibiotic resistance, and high morbidity/mortality. Here, we show that the genetic ablation of one cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 subtype, PDE4B, is sufficient to protect mice from acute lung injury induced by P aeruginosa infection as it reduces pulmonary and systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as pulmonary vascular leakage and mortality. Surprisingly, despite dampening immune responses, bacterial clearance in the lungs of PDE4B-KO mice is significantly improved compared to WT controls. In wildtypes, P aeruginosa-infection produces high systemic levels of several cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, that act as cryogens and render the animals hypothermic. This, in turn, diminishes their ability to clear the bacteria. Ablation of PDE4B curbs both the initial production of acute response cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as their downstream signaling, specifically the induction of the secondary-response cytokine IL-6. This synergistic action protects PDE4B-KO mice from the deleterious effects of the P aeruginosa-induced cytostorm, while concurrently improving bacterial clearance, rather than being immunosuppressive. These benefits of PDE4B ablation are in contrast to the effects resulting from treatment with PAN-PDE4 inhibitors, which have been shown to increase bacterial burden and dissemination. Thus, PDE4B represents a promising therapeutic target in settings of P aeruginosa lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Abou Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Abigail Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ileana V Aragon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Anna Koloteva
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Domenico Spadafora
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Wadad Mneimneh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Robert A Barrington
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Wito Richter
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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Paes D, Schepers M, Rombaut B, van den Hove D, Vanmierlo T, Prickaerts J. The Molecular Biology of Phosphodiesterase 4 Enzymes as Pharmacological Targets: An Interplay of Isoforms, Conformational States, and Inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:1016-1049. [PMID: 34233947 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme family plays a pivotal role in regulating levels of the second messenger cAMP. Consequently, PDE4 inhibitors have been investigated as a therapeutic strategy to enhance cAMP signaling in a broad range of diseases, including several types of cancers, as well as in various neurologic, dermatological, and inflammatory diseases. Despite their widespread therapeutic potential, the progression of PDE4 inhibitors into the clinic has been hampered because of their related relatively small therapeutic window, which increases the chance of producing adverse side effects. Interestingly, the PDE4 enzyme family consists of several subtypes and isoforms that can be modified post-translationally or can engage in specific protein-protein interactions to yield a variety of conformational states. Inhibition of specific PDE4 subtypes, isoforms, or conformational states may lead to more precise effects and hence improve the safety profile of PDE4 inhibition. In this review, we provide an overview of the variety of PDE4 isoforms and how their activity and inhibition is influenced by post-translational modifications and interactions with partner proteins. Furthermore, we describe the importance of screening potential PDE4 inhibitors in view of different PDE4 subtypes, isoforms, and conformational states rather than testing compounds directed toward a specific PDE4 catalytic domain. Lastly, potential mechanisms underlying PDE4-mediated adverse effects are outlined. In this review, we illustrate that PDE4 inhibitors retain their therapeutic potential in myriad diseases, but target identification should be more precise to establish selective inhibition of disease-affected PDE4 isoforms while avoiding isoforms involved in adverse effects. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although the PDE4 enzyme family is a therapeutic target in an extensive range of disorders, clinical use of PDE4 inhibitors has been hindered because of the adverse side effects. This review elaborately shows that safer and more effective PDE4 targeting is possible by characterizing 1) which PDE4 subtypes and isoforms exist, 2) how PDE4 isoforms can adopt specific conformations upon post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions, and 3) which PDE4 inhibitors can selectively bind specific PDE4 subtypes, isoforms, and/or conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Paes
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Melissa Schepers
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Ben Rombaut
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Daniel van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
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Vandecasteele G, Mika D, Margaria JP, Ghigo A, Hirsch E, Leroy J, Fischmeister R. Response by Vandecasteele et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Cardiac Overexpression of PDE4B Blunts β-Adrenergic Response and Maladaptive Remodeling in Heart Failure". Circulation 2021; 143:e26-e27. [PMID: 33493025 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.051628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Vandecasteele
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France (G.V., D.M., J.L., R.F.)
| | - Delphine Mika
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France (G.V., D.M., J.L., R.F.)
| | - Jean Piero Margaria
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (J.P.M., A.G., E.H.)
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (J.P.M., A.G., E.H.)
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Italy (J.P.M., A.G., E.H.)
| | - Jérôme Leroy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France (G.V., D.M., J.L., R.F.)
| | - Rodolphe Fischmeister
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S 1180, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France (G.V., D.M., J.L., R.F.)
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11
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Datta D, Enwright JF, Arion D, Paspalas CD, Morozov YM, Lewis DA, Arnsten AFT. Mapping Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) in Macaque Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex: Postsynaptic Compartmentalization in Layer III Pyramidal Cell Circuits. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:578483. [PMID: 33328902 PMCID: PMC7714912 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.578483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP signaling has powerful, negative effects on cognitive functions of the primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), opening potassium channels to reduce firing and impair working memory, and increasing tau phosphorylation in aging neurons. This contrasts with cAMP actions in classic circuits, where it enhances plasticity and transmitter release. PDE4 isozymes regulate cAMP actions, and thus have been a focus of research and drug discovery. Previous work has focused on the localization of PDE4A and PDE4B in dlPFC, but PDE4D is also of great interest, as it is the predominant PDE4 isoform in primate association cortex, and PDE4D expression decreases with aging in human dlPFC. Here we used laser-capture microdissection transcriptomics and found that PDE4D message is enriched in pyramidal cells compared to GABAergic PV-interneurons in layer III of the human dlPFC. A parallel study in rhesus macaques using high-spatial resolution immunoelectron microscopy revealed the ultrastructural locations of PDE4D in primate dlPFC with clarity not possible in human post-mortem tissue. PDE4D was especially prominent in dendrites associated with microtubules, mitochondria, and likely smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). There was substantial postsynaptic labeling in dendritic spines, associated with the SER spine-apparatus near glutamatergic-like axospinous synapses, but sparse labeling in axon terminals. We also observed dense PDE4D labeling perisynaptically in astroglial leaflets ensheathing glutamatergic connections. These data suggest that PDE4D is strategically positioned to regulate cAMP signaling in dlPFC glutamatergic synapses and circuits, especially in postsynaptic compartments where it is localized to influence cAMP actions on intracellular trafficking, mitochondrial physiology, and internal calcium release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyadeep Datta
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - John F. Enwright
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Dominique Arion
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Constantinos D. Paspalas
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yury M. Morozov
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David A. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Amy F. T. Arnsten
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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12
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Annamdevula NS, Sweat R, Gunn H, Griswold JR, Britain AL, Rich TC, Leavesley SJ. Measurement of 3-Dimensional cAMP Distributions in Living Cells using 4-Dimensional (x, y, z, and λ) Hyperspectral FRET Imaging and Analysis. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 33191928 DOI: 10.3791/61720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP is a second messenger that is involved in a wide range of cellular and physiological activities. Several studies suggest that cAMP signals are compartmentalized, and that compartmentalization contributes to signaling specificity within the cAMP signaling pathway. The development of Fӧrster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based biosensors has furthered the ability to measure and visualize cAMP signals in cells. However, these measurements are often confined to two spatial dimensions, which may result in misinterpretation of data. To date, there have been only very limited measurements of cAMP signals in three spatial dimensions (x, y, and z), due to the technical limitations in using FRET sensors that inherently exhibit low signal to noise ratio (SNR). In addition, traditional filter-based imaging approaches are often ineffective for accurate measurement of cAMP signals in localized subcellular regions due to a range of factors, including spectral crosstalk, limited signal strength, and autofluorescence. To overcome these limitations and allow FRET-based biosensors to be used with multiple fluorophores, we have developed hyperspectral FRET imaging and analysis approaches that provide spectral specificity for calculating FRET efficiencies and the ability to spectrally separate FRET signals from confounding autofluorescence and/or signals from additional fluorescent labels. Here, we present the methodology for implementing hyperspectral FRET imaging as well as the need to construct an appropriate spectral library that is neither undersampled nor oversampled to perform spectral unmixing. While we present this methodology for measurement of three-dimensional cAMP distributions in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs), this methodology could be used to study spatial distributions of cAMP in a range of cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga S Annamdevula
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama; Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama
| | - Rachel Sweat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama
| | - Hayden Gunn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama
| | - John R Griswold
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama
| | - Andrea L Britain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama; Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama
| | - Thomas C Rich
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama; Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama
| | - Silas J Leavesley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama; Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama;
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13
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Han Y, Hou R, Zhang X, Liu H, Gao Y, Li X, Qi R, Cai R, Qi Y. Amlexanox exerts anti-inflammatory actions by targeting phosphodiesterase 4B in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118766. [PMID: 32504661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amlexanox, an anti-inflammatory agent, is widely used for treating aphthous ulcers. Recently, amlexanox has received considerable attention because of its efficacy in mitigating metabolic inflammation via directly suppressing IKKε/TBK1. However, because the knockdown of IKKε/TBK1 has no anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed RAW264.7 cells, the mechanism of amlexanox against classical inflammation is independent of IKKε/TBK1. In this study, we aim to examine the effects of amlexanox on LPS-treated macrophages and in a mouse model of endotoxemia. We found that amlexanox significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, both in vitro and in vivo, while increased interleukin-10 level in LPS-activated macrophages. Mechanistically, amlexanox down-regulated nuclear factor κB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase/activator protein-1 signaling by elevating intracellular 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level and subsequently activating protein kinase A. Molecular docking along with fluorescence polarization and enzyme inhibition assays revealed that amlexanox bound directly to phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4B to inhibit its activity. The anti-inflammatory effects of amlexanox could be abolished by the application of cAMP antagonist or PDE4B siRNA. In addition to PDE4B, the activities of PDE1C, 3A, and 3B were directly inhibited by amlexanox. Our results provide mechanistic insight into the clinical utility of amlexanox for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and might contribute to extending the clinical indications of amlexanox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ximeng Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijuan Qi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Runlan Cai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Qi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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14
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Wakabayashi Y, Telu S, Dick RM, Fujita M, Ooms M, Morse CL, Liow JS, Hong JS, Gladding RL, Manly LS, Zoghbi SS, Mo X, D’Amato EC, Sindac JA, Nugent RA, Marron BE, Gurney ME, Innis RB, Pike VW. Discovery, Radiolabeling, and Evaluation of Subtype-Selective Inhibitors for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Brain Phosphodiesterase-4D. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1311-1323. [PMID: 32212718 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to develop radioligands for PET imaging of brain phosphodiesterase subtype 4D (PDE4D), a potential target for developing cognition enhancing or antidepressive drugs. Exploration of several chemical series gave four leads with high PDE4D inhibitory potency and selectivity, optimal lipophilicity, and good brain uptake. These leads featured alkoxypyridinyl cores. They were successfully labeled with carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) for evaluation with PET in monkey. Whereas two of these radioligands did not provide PDE4D-specific signal in monkey brain, two others, [11C]T1660 and [11C]T1650, provided sizable specific signal, as judged by pharmacological challenge using rolipram or a selective PDE4D inhibitor (BPN14770) and subsequent biomathematical analysis. Specific binding was highest in prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, and hippocampus, regions that are important for cognitive function. [11C]T1650 was progressed to evaluation in humans with PET, but the output measure of brain enzyme density (VT) increased with scan duration. This instability over time suggests that radiometabolite(s) were accumulating in the brain. BPN14770 blocked PDE4D uptake in human brain after a single dose, but the percentage occupancy was difficult to estimate because of the unreliability of measuring VT. Overall, these results show that imaging of PDE4D in primate brain is feasible but that further radioligand refinement is needed, most likely to avoid problematic radiometabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Wakabayashi
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Sanjay Telu
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Rachel M. Dick
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Masahiro Fujita
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Maarten Ooms
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Cheryl L. Morse
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Jeih-San Liow
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Jinsoo S. Hong
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Robert L. Gladding
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Lester S. Manly
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Sami S. Zoghbi
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Xuesheng Mo
- Tetra Therapeutics, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49506, United States
| | | | | | | | - Brian E. Marron
- Tetra Therapeutics, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49506, United States
| | - Mark E. Gurney
- Tetra Therapeutics, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49506, United States
| | - Robert B. Innis
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
| | - Victor W. Pike
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9663, United States
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15
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Gurney ME, Nugent RA, Mo X, Sindac JA, Hagen TJ, Fox D, O'Donnell JM, Zhang C, Xu Y, Zhang HT, Groppi VE, Bailie M, White RE, Romero DL, Vellekoop AS, Walker JR, Surman MD, Zhu L, Campbell RF. Design and Synthesis of Selective Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) Allosteric Inhibitors for the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome and Other Brain Disorders. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4884-4901. [PMID: 31013090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel pyridine- and pyrimidine-based allosteric inhibitors are reported that achieve PDE4D subtype selectivity through recognition of a single amino acid difference on a key regulatory domain, known as UCR2, that opens and closes over the catalytic site for cAMP hydrolysis. The design and optimization of lead compounds was based on iterative analysis of X-ray crystal structures combined with metabolite identification. Selectivity for the activated, dimeric form of PDE4D provided potent memory enhancing effects in a mouse model of novel object recognition with improved tolerability and reduced vascular toxicity over earlier PDE4 inhibitors that lack subtype selectivity. The lead compound, 28 (BPN14770), has entered midstage, human phase 2 clinical trials for the treatment of Fragile X Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Gurney
- Tetra Discovery Partners, Inc. , 38 Fulton Street West , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , United States
| | - Richard A Nugent
- Tetra Discovery Partners, Inc. , 38 Fulton Street West , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , United States
| | - Xuesheng Mo
- Tetra Discovery Partners, Inc. , 38 Fulton Street West , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , United States
| | - Janice A Sindac
- Tetra Discovery Partners, Inc. , 38 Fulton Street West , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , United States
| | - Timothy J Hagen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Northern Illinois University , 1425 West Lincoln Highway , DeKalb , Illinois 60115 , United States
| | - David Fox
- Beryllium Discovery Corp. , 7869 NE Day Road West , Bainbridge Island , Washington 98110 , United States
| | - James M O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14214-8033 , United States
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14214-8033 , United States
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14214-8033 , United States
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Departments of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute , West Virginia University Health Sciences Center , 1 Medical Center Drive , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States
| | - Vincent E Groppi
- Michigan Drug Discovery, Life Sciences Institute , University of Michigan , 210 Washtenaw Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48103 , United States
| | - Marc Bailie
- INDS Inc. , 6111 Jackson Road, Suite 100 , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48103 , United States
| | - Ronald E White
- White Global Pharma Consultants , 31 Kinglet Drive , South Cranbury , New Jersey 08512 , United States
| | - Donna L Romero
- Pharma-Vation Consulting, LLC , 1201 Turnberry Ridge Court , Chesterfield , Missouri 63005 , United States
| | - A Samuel Vellekoop
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc. , 21 Corporate Circle , Albany , New York 12203 , United States
| | - Joel R Walker
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc. , 21 Corporate Circle , Albany , New York 12203 , United States
| | - Matthew D Surman
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc. , 21 Corporate Circle , Albany , New York 12203 , United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc. , 21 Corporate Circle , Albany , New York 12203 , United States
| | - Robert F Campbell
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc. , 21 Corporate Circle , Albany , New York 12203 , United States
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16
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Gurney ME. Genetic Association of Phosphodiesterases With Human Cognitive Performance. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:22. [PMID: 30800055 PMCID: PMC6376954 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent, large-scale, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a first view of the genetic fine structure of cognitive performance in healthy individuals. These studies have pooled data from up to 1.1 million subjects based on simple measures of cognitive performance including educational attainment, self-reported math ability, highest math class taken, and pooled, normalized scores from cognitive tests. These studies now allow the genome-wide interrogation of genes and pathways for their potential impact on human cognitive performance. The phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes regulate key cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways. Many are expressed in the brain and have been the targets of CNS drug discovery. Genetic variation in PDE1C, PDE4B and PDE4D associates with multiple measures of human cognitive function. The large size of the human PDE4B and PDE4D genes allows genetic fine structure mapping to transcripts encoding dimeric (long) forms of the enzymes. Upstream and downstream effectors of the cAMP pathway modulated by PDE4D [adenylate cyclase 1 (ADCY1), ADCY8, PRKAR1A, CREB1, or CREBBP] did not show genetic association with cognitive performance, however, genetic association was seen with brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a gene whose expression is modulated by cAMP. Notably absent was genetic association in healthy subjects to targets of CNS drug discovery designed to improve cognition in disease states by the modulation of cholinergic [acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), choline acetyltransferase (CHAT), nicotinic alpha 7 acetylcholine receptor (CHRNA7)], serotonergic (HTR6), histaminergic (HRH3), or glutamatergic (GRM5) pathways. These new data provide a rationale for exploring the therapeutic benefit of selective inhibitors of PDE1C, PDE4B and PDE4D in CNS disorders affecting cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Gurney
- Tetra Discovery Partners, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
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17
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Annamdevula NS, Sweat R, Griswold JR, Trinh K, Hoffman C, West S, Deal J, Britain AL, Jalink K, Rich TC, Leavesley SJ. Spectral imaging of FRET-based sensors reveals sustained cAMP gradients in three spatial dimensions. Cytometry A 2018; 93:1029-1038. [PMID: 30176184 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP is a ubiquitous second messenger that orchestrates a variety of cellular functions over different timescales. The mechanisms underlying specificity within this signaling pathway are still not well understood. Several lines of evidence suggest the existence of spatial cAMP gradients within cells, and that compartmentalization underlies specificity within the cAMP signaling pathway. However, to date, no studies have visualized cAMP gradients in three spatial dimensions (3D: x, y, z).This is in part due to the limitations of FRET-based cAMP sensors, specifically the low signal-to-noise ratio intrinsic to all intracellular FRET probes. Here, we overcome this limitation, at least in part, by implementing spectral imaging approaches to estimate FRET efficiency when multiple fluorescent labels are used and when signals are measured from weakly expressed fluorescent proteins in the presence of background autofluorescence and stray light. Analysis of spectral image stacks in two spatial dimensions (2D) from single confocal slices indicates little or no cAMP gradients formed within pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) under baseline conditions or following 10 min treatment with the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin. However, analysis of spectral image stacks in 3D demonstrates marked cAMP gradients from the apical to basolateral face of PMVECs. Results demonstrate that spectral imaging approaches can be used to assess cAMP gradients-and in general gradients in fluorescence and FRET-within intact cells. Results also demonstrate that 2D imaging studies of localized fluorescence signals and, in particular, cAMP signals, whether using epifluorescence or confocal microscopy, may lead to erroneous conclusions about the existence and/or magnitude of gradients in either FRET or the underlying cAMP signals. Thus, with the exception of cellular structures that can be considered in one spatial dimension, such as neuronal processes, 3D measurements are required to assess mechanisms underlying compartmentalization and specificity within intracellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga S Annamdevula
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Rachel Sweat
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - John R Griswold
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Kenny Trinh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Chase Hoffman
- Medical Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Savannah West
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Joshua Deal
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Andrea L Britain
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.,Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Kees Jalink
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute and van Leeuwenhoek Center for Advanced Microscopy, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas C Rich
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.,Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.,College of Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Silas J Leavesley
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.,Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama.,Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
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18
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Johnstone TB, Agarwal SR, Harvey RD, Ostrom RS. cAMP Signaling Compartmentation: Adenylyl Cyclases as Anchors of Dynamic Signaling Complexes. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 93:270-276. [PMID: 29217670 PMCID: PMC5820540 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.110825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that cAMP signaling is compartmentalized within cells. However, our knowledge of how receptors, cAMP signaling enzymes, effectors, and other key proteins form specific signaling complexes to regulate specific cell responses is limited. The multicomponent nature of these systems and the spatiotemporal dynamics involved as proteins interact and move within a cell make cAMP responses highly complex. Adenylyl cyclases, the enzymatic source of cAMP production, are key starting points for understanding cAMP compartments and defining the functional signaling complexes. Three basic elements are required to form a signaling compartment. First, a localized signal is generated by a G protein-coupled receptor paired to one or more of the nine different transmembrane adenylyl cyclase isoforms that generate the cAMP signal in the cytosol. The diffusion of cAMP is subsequently limited by several factors, including expression of any number of phosphodiesterases (of which there are 24 genes plus spice variants). Finally, signal response elements are differentially localized to respond to cAMP produced within each locale. A-kinase-anchoring proteins, of which there are 43 different isoforms, facilitate this by targeting protein kinase A to specific substrates. Thousands of potential combinations of these three elements are possible in any given cell type, making the characterization of cAMP signaling compartments daunting. This review will focus on what is known about how cells organize cAMP signaling components as well as identify the unknowns. We make an argument for adenylyl cyclases being central to the formation and maintenance of these signaling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Johnstone
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (T.B.J., R.S.O.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno Nevada (S.R.A., R.D.H.)
| | - Shailesh R Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (T.B.J., R.S.O.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno Nevada (S.R.A., R.D.H.)
| | - Robert D Harvey
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (T.B.J., R.S.O.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno Nevada (S.R.A., R.D.H.)
| | - Rennolds S Ostrom
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (T.B.J., R.S.O.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno Nevada (S.R.A., R.D.H.)
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19
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Hansen RT, Zhang HT. The Past, Present, and Future of Phosphodiesterase-4 Modulation for Age-Induced Memory Loss. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 17:169-199. [PMID: 28956333 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the state of progress for phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) modulation as a potential therapeutic for psychiatric illness, and to draw attention to particular hurdles and obstacles that must be overcome in future studies to develop PDE4-mediated therapeutics. Pathological and non-pathological related memory loss will be the focus of the chapter; however, we will at times also touch upon other psychiatric illnesses like anxiety and depression. First, we will provide a brief background of PDE4, and the rationale for its extensive study in cognition. Second, we will explore fundamental differences in individual PDE4 subtypes, and then begin to address differences between pathological and non-pathological aging. Alterations of cAMP/PDE4 signaling that occur within normal vs. pathological aging, and the potential for PDE4 modulation to combat these alterations within each context will be described. Finally, we will finish the chapter with obstacles that have hindered the field, and future studies and alternative viewpoints that need to be addressed. Overall, we hope this chapter will demonstrate the incredible complexity of PDE4 signaling in the brain, and will be useful in forming a strategy to develop future PDE4-mediated therapeutics for psychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf T Hansen
- Departments of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9137, USA
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. .,Institute of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271016, China.
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20
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Wilson NM, Gurney ME, Dietrich WD, Atkins CM. Therapeutic benefits of phosphodiesterase 4B inhibition after traumatic brain injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178013. [PMID: 28542295 PMCID: PMC5438188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates a deleterious inflammatory response that exacerbates pathology and worsens outcome. This inflammatory response is partially mediated by a reduction in cAMP and a concomitant upregulation of cAMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterases (PDEs) acutely after TBI. The PDE4B subfamily, specifically PDE4B2, has been found to regulate cAMP in inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages and microglia. To determine if PDE4B regulates inflammation and subsequent pathology after TBI, adult male Sprague Dawley rats received sham surgery or moderate parasagittal fluid-percussion brain injury (2 ± 0.2 atm) and were then treated with a PDE4B - selective inhibitor, A33, or vehicle for up to 3 days post-surgery. Treatment with A33 reduced markers of microglial activation and neutrophil infiltration at 3 and 24 hrs after TBI, respectively. A33 treatment also reduced cortical contusion volume at 3 days post-injury. To determine whether this treatment paradigm attenuated TBI-induced behavioral deficits, animals were evaluated over a period of 6 weeks after surgery for forelimb placement asymmetry, contextual fear conditioning, water maze performance and spatial working memory. A33 treatment significantly improved contextual fear conditioning and water maze retention at 24 hrs post-training. However, this treatment did not rescue sensorimotor or working memory deficits. At 2 months after surgery, atrophy and neuronal loss were measured. A33 treatment significantly reduced neuronal loss in the pericontusional cortex and hippocampal CA3 region. This treatment paradigm also reduced cortical, but not hippocampal, atrophy. Overall, these results suggest that acute PDE4B inhibition may be a viable treatment to reduce inflammation, pathology and memory deficits after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Wilson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Gurney
- Tetra Discovery Partners, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Coleen M. Atkins
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Motte E, Le Stunff C, Briet C, Dumaz N, Silve C. Modulation of signaling through GPCR-cAMP-PKA pathways by PDE4 depends on stimulus intensity: Possible implications for the pathogenesis of acrodysostosis without hormone resistance. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 442:1-11. [PMID: 27908835 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In acrodysostosis without hormone resistance, a disease caused by phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4D mutations, increased PDE activity leads to bone developmental defects but with normal renal responses to PTH. To identify potential mechanisms for these disparate responses, we compared the effect of PDE activity on hormone signaling through the GPCR-Gsα-cAMP-PKA pathway in cells from two lineages, HEK-293 cells stably overexpressing PTH1R (HEKpthr) and human dermal fibroblasts, including studies evaluating cAMP levels using an Epac-based BRET-sensor for cAMP (CAMYEL). For ligand-induced responses inducing strong cAMP accumulation, the inhibition of PDE4 activity resulted in relatively small further increases. In contrast, when ligand-induced cAMP accumulation was of lesser intensity, the inhibition of PDE4 had a more pronounced effect. Similar results were obtained evaluating downstream events (cellular CREB phosphorylation and CRE-luciferase activity). Thus, the ability of PDE4 to modulate signaling through GPCR-cAMP-PKA pathways can depend on the cell type and stimulus intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Motte
- INSERM U1169, Université Paris Sud, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Catherine Le Stunff
- INSERM U1169, Université Paris Sud, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Claire Briet
- INSERM U1169, Université Paris Sud, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Nicolas Dumaz
- INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche sur la Peau, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Silve
- INSERM U1169, Université Paris Sud, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Phosphore et du Calcium, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaires, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.
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22
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Subcellular Targeting of PDE4 in Cardiac Myocytes and Generation of Signaling Compartments. MICRODOMAINS IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54579-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Wilson NM, Titus DJ, Oliva AA, Furones C, Atkins CM. Traumatic Brain Injury Upregulates Phosphodiesterase Expression in the Hippocampus. Front Syst Neurosci 2016; 10:5. [PMID: 26903822 PMCID: PMC4742790 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in significant impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. A molecule critically involved in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, is downregulated in the hippocampus after TBI, but the mechanism that underlies this decrease is unknown. To address this question, we determined whether phosphodiesterase (PDE) expression in the hippocampus is altered by TBI. Young adult male Sprague Dawley rats received sham surgery or moderate parasagittal fluid-percussion brain injury. Animals were analyzed by western blotting for changes in PDE expression levels in the hippocampus. We found that PDE1A levels were significantly increased at 30 min, 1 h and 6 h after TBI. PDE4B2 and 4D2 were also significantly increased at 1, 6, and 24 h after TBI. Additionally, phosphorylation of PDE4A was significantly increased at 6 and 24 h after TBI. No significant changes were observed in levels of PDE1B, 1C, 3A, 8A, or 8B between 30 min to 7 days after TBI. To determine the spatial profile of these increases, we used immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry at 24 h after TBI. PDE1A and phospho-PDE4A localized to neuronal cell bodies. PDE4B2 was expressed in neuronal dendrites, microglia and infiltrating CD11b+ immune cells. PDE4D was predominantly found in microglia and infiltrating CD11b+ immune cells. To determine if inhibition of PDE4 would improve hippocampal synaptic plasticity deficits after TBI, we treated hippocampal slices with rolipram, a pan-PDE4 inhibitor. Rolipram partially rescued the depression in basal synaptic transmission and converted a decaying form of long-term potentiation (LTP) into long-lasting LTP. Overall, these results identify several possible PDE targets for reducing hippocampal synaptic plasticity deficits and improving cognitive function acutely after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Wilson
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
| | - David J Titus
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anthony A Oliva
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
| | - Concepcion Furones
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
| | - Coleen M Atkins
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
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24
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Abstract
In the last 15 years, tremendous progress has been made in the development of single-cell cAMP sensors. Sensors are based upon cAMP-binding proteins that have been modified to transduce cAMP concentrations into electrical or fluorescent readouts that can be readily detected using patch clamp amplifiers, photomultiplier tubes, or cameras. Here we describe two complementary approaches for the detection and measurement of cAMP signals near the plasma membrane of cells. These probes take advantage of the ability of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels to transduce small changes in cAMP concentrations into ionic flux through channel pores that can be readily detected by measuring Ca(2+) and/or Mn(2+) influx or by measuring ionic currents.
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Xin W, Feinstein WP, Britain AL, Ochoa CD, Zhu B, Richter W, Leavesley SJ, Rich TC. Estimating the magnitude of near-membrane PDE4 activity in living cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26201952 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00090.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that functionally discrete pools of phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity regulate distinct cellular functions. While the importance of localized pools of enzyme activity has become apparent, few studies have estimated enzyme activity within discrete subcellular compartments. Here we present an approach to estimate near-membrane PDE activity. First, total PDE activity is measured using traditional PDE activity assays. Second, known cAMP concentrations are dialyzed into single cells and the spatial spread of cAMP is monitored using cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Third, mathematical models are used to estimate the spatial distribution of PDE activity within cells. Using this three-tiered approach, we observed two pharmacologically distinct pools of PDE activity, a rolipram-sensitive pool and an 8-methoxymethyl IBMX (8MM-IBMX)-sensitive pool. We observed that the rolipram-sensitive PDE (PDE4) was primarily responsible for cAMP hydrolysis near the plasma membrane. Finally, we observed that PDE4 was capable of blunting cAMP levels near the plasma membrane even when 100 μM cAMP were introduced into the cell via a patch pipette. Two compartment models predict that PDE activity near the plasma membrane, near cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, was significantly lower than total cellular PDE activity and that a slow spatial spread of cAMP allowed PDE activity to effectively hydrolyze near-membrane cAMP. These results imply that cAMP levels near the plasma membrane are distinct from those in other subcellular compartments; PDE activity is not uniform within cells; and localized pools of AC and PDE activities are responsible for controlling cAMP levels within distinct subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkuan Xin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Wei P Feinstein
- High Performance Computing, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Andrea L Britain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Cristhiaan D Ochoa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Bing Zhu
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Wito Richter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Silas J Leavesley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Thomas C Rich
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
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Cross-talk between PKA-Cβ and p65 mediates synergistic induction of PDE4B by roflumilast and NTHi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E1800-9. [PMID: 25831493 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418716112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) plays a key role in regulating inflammation. Roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase (PDE)4-selective inhibitor, has recently been approved for treating severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with exacerbation. However, there is also clinical evidence suggesting the development of tachyphylaxis or tolerance on repeated dosing of roflumilast and the possible contribution of PDE4B up-regulation, which could be counterproductive for suppressing inflammation. Thus, understanding how PDE4B is up-regulated in the context of the complex pathogenesis and medications of COPD may help improve the efficacy and possibly ameliorate the tolerance of roflumilast. Here we show that roflumilast synergizes with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), a major bacterial cause of COPD exacerbation, to up-regulate PDE4B2 expression in human airway epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Up-regulated PDE4B2 contributes to the induction of certain important chemokines in both enzymatic activity-dependent and activity-independent manners. We also found that protein kinase A catalytic subunit β (PKA-Cβ) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 subunit were required for the synergistic induction of PDE4B2. PKA-Cβ phosphorylates p65 in a cAMP-dependent manner. Moreover, Ser276 of p65 is critical for mediating the PKA-Cβ-induced p65 phosphorylation and the synergistic induction of PDE4B2. Collectively, our data unveil a previously unidentified mechanism underlying synergistic up-regulation of PDE4B2 via a cross-talk between PKA-Cβ and p65 and may help develop new therapeutic strategies to improve the efficacy of PDE4 inhibitor.
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Averaimo S, Nicol X. Intermingled cAMP, cGMP and calcium spatiotemporal dynamics in developing neuronal circuits. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:376. [PMID: 25431549 PMCID: PMC4230202 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
cAMP critically modulates the development of neuronal connectivity. It is involved in a wide range of cellular processes that require independent regulation. However, our understanding of how this single second messenger achieves specific modulation of the signaling pathways involved remains incomplete. The subcellular compartmentalization and temporal regulation of cAMP signals have recently been identified as important coding strategies leading to specificity. Dynamic interactions of this cyclic nucleotide with other second messenger including calcium and cGMP are critically involved in the regulation of spatiotemporal control of cAMP. Recent technical improvements of fluorescent sensors facilitate cAMP monitoring, whereas optogenetic tools permit spatial and temporal control of cAMP manipulations, all of which enabled the direct investigation of spatiotemporal characteristics of cAMP modulation in developing neurons. Focusing on neuronal polarization, neurotransmitter specification, axon guidance, and refinement of neuronal connectivity, we summarize herein the recent advances in understanding the features of cAMP signals and their dynamic interactions with calcium and cGMP involved in shaping the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Averaimo
- UMR_7210, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris, France ; UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 Paris, France ; U968, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Paris, France
| | - Xavier Nicol
- UMR_7210, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris, France ; UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 Paris, France ; U968, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Paris, France
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28
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Conti M, Mika D, Richter W. Cyclic AMP compartments and signaling specificity: role of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 143:29-38. [PMID: 24378905 PMCID: PMC3874571 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201311083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Conti
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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29
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Karpen JW. Perspectives on: Cyclic nucleotide microdomains and signaling specificity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 143:5-7. [PMID: 24378902 PMCID: PMC3874568 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201311144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Karpen
- Department of Medical Education, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757
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30
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Blockade of PDE4B limits lung vascular permeability and lung inflammation in LPS-induced acute lung injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:1560-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Petkov GV. Central role of the BK channel in urinary bladder smooth muscle physiology and pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R571-84. [PMID: 24990859 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00142.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The physiological functions of the urinary bladder are to store and periodically expel urine. These tasks are facilitated by the contraction and relaxation of the urinary bladder smooth muscle (UBSM), also known as detrusor smooth muscle, which comprises the bladder wall. The large-conductance voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK, BKCa, MaxiK, Slo1, or KCa1.1) channel is highly expressed in UBSM and is arguably the most important physiologically relevant K(+) channel that regulates UBSM function. Its significance arises from the fact that the BK channel is the only K(+) channel that is activated by increases in both voltage and intracellular Ca(2+). The BK channels control UBSM excitability and contractility by maintaining the resting membrane potential and shaping the repolarization phase of the spontaneous action potentials that determine UBSM spontaneous rhythmic contractility. In UBSM, these channels have complex regulatory mechanisms involving integrated intracellular Ca(2+) signals, protein kinases, phosphodiesterases, and close functional interactions with muscarinic and β-adrenergic receptors. BK channel dysfunction is implicated in some forms of bladder pathologies, such as detrusor overactivity, and related overactive bladder. This review article summarizes the current state of knowledge of the functional role of UBSM BK channels under normal and pathophysiological conditions and provides new insight toward the BK channels as targets for pharmacological or genetic control of UBSM function. Modulation of UBSM BK channels can occur by directly or indirectly targeting their regulatory mechanisms, which has the potential to provide novel therapeutic approaches for bladder dysfunction, such as overactive bladder and detrusor underactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi V Petkov
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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32
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Shaughnessy R, Retamal C, Oyanadel C, Norambuena A, López A, Bravo-Zehnder M, Montecino FJ, Metz C, Soza A, González A. Epidermal growth factor receptor endocytic traffic perturbation by phosphatidate phosphohydrolase inhibition: new strategy against cancer. FEBS J 2014; 281:2172-89. [PMID: 24597955 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exaggerated (oncogenic) function is currently targeted in cancer treatment with drugs that block receptor ligand binding or tyrosine kinase activity. Because endocytic trafficking is a crucial regulator of EGFR function, its pharmacological perturbation might provide a new anti-tumoral strategy. Inhibition of phosphatidic acid (PA) phosphohydrolase (PAP) activity has been shown to trigger PA signaling towards type 4 phosphodiesterase (PDE4) activation and protein kinase A inhibition, leading to internalization of empty/inactive EGFR. Here, we used propranolol, its l- and d- isomers and desipramine as PAP inhibitors to further explore the effects of PAP inhibition on EGFR endocytic trafficking and its consequences on EGFR-dependent cancer cell line models. PAP inhibition not only made EGFR inaccessible to stimuli but also prolonged the signaling lifetime of ligand-activated EGFR in recycling endosomes. Strikingly, such endocytic perturbations applied in acute/intermittent PAP inhibitor treatments selectively impaired cell proliferation/viability sustained by an exaggerated EGFR function. Phospholipase D inhibition with FIPI (5-fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide) and PDE4 inhibition with rolipram abrogated both the anti-tumoral and endocytic effects of PAP inhibition. Prolonged treatments with a low concentration of PAP inhibitors, although without detectable endocytic effects, still counteracted cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and decreased anchorage-independent growth of cells bearing EGFR oncogenic influences. Overall, our results show that PAP inhibitors can counteract EGFR oncogenic traits, including receptor overexpression or activating mutations resistant to current tyrosine kinase inhibitors, perturbing EGFR endocytic trafficking and perhaps other as yet unknown processes, depending on treatment conditions. This puts PAP activity forward as a new suitable target against EGFR-driven malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Shaughnessy
- Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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33
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Xin W, Li N, Cheng Q, Petkov GV. BK channel-mediated relaxation of urinary bladder smooth muscle: a novel paradigm for phosphodiesterase type 4 regulation of bladder function. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 349:56-65. [PMID: 24459245 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.210708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevation of intracellular cAMP and activation of protein kinase A (PKA) lead to activation of large conductance voltage- and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels, thus attenuation of detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) contractility. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which pharmacological inhibition of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) with rolipram or Ro-20-1724 (C(15)H(22)N(2)O(3)) suppresses guinea pig DSM excitability and contractility. We used high-speed line-scanning confocal microscopy, ratiometric fluorescence Ca(2+) imaging, and perforated whole-cell patch-clamp techniques on freshly isolated DSM cells, along with isometric tension recordings of DSM isolated strips. Rolipram caused an increase in the frequency of Ca(2+) sparks and the spontaneous transient BK currents (TBKCs), hyperpolarized the cell membrane potential (MP), and decreased the intracellular Ca(2+) levels. Blocking BK channels with paxilline reversed the hyperpolarizing effect of rolipram and depolarized the MP back to the control levels. In the presence of H-89 [N-[2-[[3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-propenyl]amino]ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride], a PKA inhibitor, rolipram did not cause MP hyperpolarization. Rolipram or Ro-20-1724 reduced DSM spontaneous and carbachol-induced phasic contraction amplitude, muscle force, duration, and frequency, and electrical field stimulation-induced contraction amplitude, muscle force, and tone. Paxilline recovered DSM contractility, which was suppressed by pretreatment with PDE4 inhibitors. Rolipram had reduced inhibitory effects on DSM contractility in DSM strips pretreated with paxilline. This study revealed a novel cellular mechanism whereby pharmacological inhibition of PDE4 leads to suppression of guinea pig DSM contractility by increasing the frequency of Ca(2+) sparks and the functionally coupled TBKCs, consequently hyperpolarizing DSM cell MP. Collectively, this decreases the global intracellular Ca(2+) levels and DSM contractility in a BK channel-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkuan Xin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (W.X., N.L., Q.C., G.V.P.); and Department of Urology, Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (N.L.)
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Rich TC, Webb KJ, Leavesley SJ. Can we decipher the information content contained within cyclic nucleotide signals? J Gen Physiol 2014; 143:17-27. [PMID: 24378904 PMCID: PMC3874573 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201311095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Rich
- Center for Lung Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Graduate Program, and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine; and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688
| | - Kristal J. Webb
- Center for Lung Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Graduate Program, and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine; and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688
| | - Silas J. Leavesley
- Center for Lung Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Graduate Program, and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine; and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688
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Cazabat L, Ragazzon B, Varin A, Potier-Cartereau M, Vandier C, Vezzosi D, Risk-Rabin M, Guellich A, Schittl J, Lechêne P, Richter W, Nikolaev VO, Zhang J, Bertherat J, Vandecasteele G. Inactivation of the Carney complex gene 1 (PRKAR1A) alters spatiotemporal regulation of cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase: a study using genetically encoded FRET-based reporters. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:1163-74. [PMID: 24122441 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carney complex (CNC) is a hereditary disease associating cardiac myxoma, spotty skin pigmentation and endocrine overactivity. CNC is caused by inactivating mutations in the PRKAR1A gene encoding PKA type I alpha regulatory subunit (RIα). Although PKA activity is enhanced in CNC, the mechanisms linking PKA dysregulation to endocrine tumorigenesis are poorly understood. In this study, we used Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based sensors for cAMP and PKA activity to define the role of RIα in the spatiotemporal organization of the cAMP/PKA pathway. RIα knockdown in HEK293 cells increased basal as well as forskolin or prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-stimulated total cellular PKA activity as reported by western blots of endogenous PKA targets and the FRET-based global PKA activity reporter, AKAR3. Using variants of AKAR3 targeted to subcellular compartments, we identified similar increases in the response to PGE1 in the cytoplasm and at the outer mitochondrial membrane. In contrast, at the plasma membrane, the response to PGE1 was decreased along with an increase in basal FRET ratio. These results were confirmed by western blot analysis of basal and PGE1-induced phosphorylation of membrane-associated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein. Similar differences were observed between the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane in human adrenal cells carrying a RIα inactivating mutation. RIα inactivation also increased cAMP in the cytoplasm, at the outer mitochondrial membrane and at the plasma membrane, as reported by targeted versions of the cAMP indicator Epac1-camps. These results show that RIα inactivation leads to multiple, compartment-specific alterations of the cAMP/PKA pathway revealing new aspects of signaling dysregulation in tumorigenesis.
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Leavesley SJ, Britain AL, Cichon LK, Nikolaev VO, Rich TC. Assessing FRET using spectral techniques. Cytometry A 2013; 83:898-912. [PMID: 23929684 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) techniques have proven invaluable for probing the complex nature of protein-protein interactions, protein folding, and intracellular signaling events. These techniques have traditionally been implemented with the use of one or more fluorescence band-pass filters, either as fluorescence microscopy filter cubes, or as dichroic mirrors and band-pass filters in flow cytometry. In addition, new approaches for measuring FRET, such as fluorescence lifetime and acceptor photobleaching, have been developed. Hyperspectral techniques for imaging and flow cytometry have also shown to be promising for performing FRET measurements. In this study, we have compared traditional (filter-based) FRET approaches to three spectral-based approaches: the ratio of acceptor-to-donor peak emission, linear spectral unmixing, and linear spectral unmixing with a correction for direct acceptor excitation. All methods are estimates of FRET efficiency, except for one-filter set and three-filter set FRET indices, which are included for consistency with prior literature. In the first part of this study, spectrofluorimetric data were collected from a CFP-Epac-YFP FRET probe that has been used for intracellular cAMP measurements. All comparisons were performed using the same spectrofluorimetric datasets as input data, to provide a relevant comparison. Linear spectral unmixing resulted in measurements with the lowest coefficient of variation (0.10) as well as accurate fits using the Hill equation. FRET efficiency methods produced coefficients of variation of less than 0.20, while FRET indices produced coefficients of variation greater than 8.00. These results demonstrate that spectral FRET measurements provide improved response over standard, filter-based measurements. Using spectral approaches, single-cell measurements were conducted through hyperspectral confocal microscopy, linear unmixing, and cell segmentation with quantitative image analysis. Results from these studies confirmed that spectral imaging is effective for measuring subcellular, time-dependent FRET dynamics and that additional fluorescent signals can be readily separated from FRET signals, enabling multilabel studies of molecular interactions. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas J Leavesley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, 36688; Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, 36688
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Abstract
We propose a model of parameter learning for signal transduction, where the objective function is defined by signal transmission efficiency. We apply this to learn kinetic rates as a form of evolutionary learning, and look for parameters which satisfy the objective. This is a novel approach compared to the usual technique of adjusting parameters only on the basis of experimental data. The resulting model is self-organizing, i.e. perturbations in protein concentrations or changes in extracellular signaling will automatically lead to adaptation. We systematically perturb protein concentrations and observe the response of the system. We find compensatory or co-regulation of protein expression levels. In a novel experiment, we alter the distribution of extracellular signaling, and observe adaptation based on optimizing signal transmission. We also discuss the relationship between signaling with and without transients. Signaling by transients may involve maximization of signal transmission efficiency for the peak response, but a minimization in steady-state responses. With an appropriate objective function, this can also be achieved by concentration adjustment. Self-organizing systems may be predictive of unwanted drug interference effects, since they aim to mimic complex cellular adaptation in a unified way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Scheler
- Carl Correns Foundation for Mathematical Biology, Mountain View, CA , 94040, USA
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Richter W, Mika D, Blanchard E, Day P, Conti M. β1-adrenergic receptor antagonists signal via PDE4 translocation. EMBO Rep 2013; 14:276-83. [PMID: 23381222 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2013.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally assumed that antagonists of Gs-coupled receptors do not activate cAMP signalling, because they do not stimulate cAMP production via Gs-protein/adenylyl cyclase activation. Here, we report a new signalling pathway whereby antagonists of β1-adrenergic receptors (β1ARs) increase cAMP levels locally without stimulating cAMP production directly. Binding of antagonists causes dissociation of a preformed complex between β1ARs and Type-4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE4s). This reduces the local concentration of cAMP-hydrolytic activity, thereby increasing submembrane cAMP and PKA activity. Our study identifies receptor/PDE4 complex dissociation as a novel mechanism of antagonist action that contributes to the pharmacological properties of β1AR antagonists and might be shared by other receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wito Richter
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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39
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Abstract
In recent years a variety of fluorescent probes for measurement of cGMP signals have been developed (Nikolaev et al., Nat. Methods 3:23-25, 2006; Honda et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:2437-42, 2001; Nausch et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:365-70, 2008). The probes are comprised of known cGMP binding sites-e.g., from phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) or protein kinase G (PKG)-attached to fluorescent proteins. Binding of cGMP triggers conformational changes that alter the emitted fluorescence. In the case of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based probes, binding of cGMP alters the distance between the donor and acceptor fluorophores and thus alters FRET. However, FRET-based probes inherently have low signal-to-noise ratios, limiting the utility of these probes. Here we describe the use of hyperspectral imaging and analysis approaches to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of FRET-based cGMP measurements. These approaches are appropriate for monitoring changes in cGMP signals either in cell populations using a spectrofluorimeter or in single cells using spectral microscope systems with appropriate spectral filtering capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Rich
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, USA
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40
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Ghigo A, Perino A, Mehel H, Zahradníková A, Morello F, Leroy J, Nikolaev VO, Damilano F, Cimino J, De Luca E, Richter W, Westenbroek R, Catterall WA, Zhang J, Yan C, Conti M, Gomez AM, Vandecasteele G, Hirsch E, Fischmeister R. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ protects against catecholamine-induced ventricular arrhythmia through protein kinase A-mediated regulation of distinct phosphodiesterases. Circulation 2012; 126:2073-83. [PMID: 23008439 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.114074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) signaling engaged by β-adrenergic receptors is pivotal in the regulation of myocardial contractility and remodeling. However, the role of PI3Kγ in catecholamine-induced arrhythmia is currently unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice lacking PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ(-/-)) showed runs of premature ventricular contractions on adrenergic stimulation that could be rescued by a selective β(2)-adrenergic receptor blocker and developed sustained ventricular tachycardia after transverse aortic constriction. Consistently, fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes revealed abnormal cAMP accumulation after β(2)-adrenergic receptor activation in PI3Kγ(-/-) cardiomyocytes that depended on the loss of the scaffold but not of the catalytic activity of PI3Kγ. Downstream from β-adrenergic receptors, PI3Kγ was found to participate in multiprotein complexes linking protein kinase A to the activation of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3A, PDE4A, and PDE4B but not of PDE4D. These PI3Kγ-regulated PDEs lowered cAMP and limited protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of L-type calcium channel (Ca(v)1.2) and phospholamban. In PI3Kγ(-/-) cardiomyocytes, Ca(v)1.2 and phospholamban were hyperphosphorylated, leading to increased Ca(2+) spark occurrence and amplitude on adrenergic stimulation. Furthermore, PI3Kγ(-/-) cardiomyocytes showed spontaneous Ca(2+) release events and developed arrhythmic calcium transients. CONCLUSIONS PI3Kγ coordinates the coincident signaling of the major cardiac PDE3 and PDE4 isoforms, thus orchestrating a feedback loop that prevents calcium-dependent ventricular arrhythmia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Biofeedback, Psychology/physiology
- Calcium Signaling/genetics
- Catecholamines/toxicity
- Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/deficiency
- Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/genetics
- Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/physiology
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/physiology
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3/metabolism
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4/metabolism
- Gene Knock-In Techniques
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/enzymology
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ghigo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Local termination of 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate signals: the role of A kinase anchoring protein-tethered phosphodiesterases. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2012; 58:345-53. [PMID: 21654331 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182214f2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) belong to a family of functionally related proteins capable of binding protein kinase A (PKA) and tether it to relevant targets. In this way, AKAPs organize macromolecular complexes to segregate PKA activity and retain signal specificity. In the heart, AKAP-PKA interaction is central to the regulation of cardiac contractility. Phosphodiesterases belong to a large superfamily of enzymes that degrade 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). They possess diverse catalytic properties and multiple regulatory mechanisms and control the duration and amplitude of the cAMP signal, including its propagation in space. AKAPs, together with PKA, can also assemble phosphodiesterases thereby providing a means to locally control cAMP dynamics at the level of single macromolecular complexes. This allows for the fine tuning of the cAMP response to the specific demands of the cell.
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42
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Liu S, Yu C, Yang F, Paganini-Hill A, Fisher MJ. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor modulation of brain microvascular endothelial cell barrier properties. J Neurol Sci 2012; 320:45-51. [PMID: 22819056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Brain microvascular disorders, including cerebral microscopic hemorrhage, have high prevalence but few treatment options. To develop new strategies for these disorders, we analyzed the effects of several phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBECs). METHODS We modified barrier properties and response to histamine of HBECs using cilostazol (PDE3 inhibitor), rolipram (PDE4 inhibitor), and dipyridamole (non-specific PDE inhibitor). RESULTS Cilostazol and dipyridamole altered the distribution of endothelial F-actin. Cilostazol increased expression of tight junction protein claudin-5 by 118% compared to control (p<.001). Permeability to albumin was decreased by cilostazol (21% vs control, p<.05), and permeability to dextran (70Kd) was decreased by both cilostazol (37% vs control, p<.001) and dipyridamole (44% vs control, p<.0001). Cilostazol increased trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) after 12h by 111% compared to control (p<.0001). Protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors H89 and KT5720 attenuated the TEER increase by cilostazol. Transient increased permeability in response to histamine was significantly mitigated by cilostazol, but not by other PDE inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate distinctive effects of cilostazol and other PDE inhibitors on HBECs, including enhanced barrier characteristics and mitigation of response to histamine. PKA-mediated effects of cilostazol were prominent in this model. These in vitro findings are consistent with therapeutic potential of PDE inhibitors in human brain microvascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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43
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Watanabe Y, Murata T, Shimizu K, Morita H, Inui M, Tagawa T. Phosphodiesterase 4 regulates the migration of B16-F10 melanoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2012; 4:205-210. [PMID: 22970026 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are important regulators of signal transduction processes. Eleven PDE gene families (PDE1-11) have been identified and several PDE isoforms are selectively expressed in various cell types. PDE4 family members specifically hydrolyze cyclic AMP (cAMP). Four genes (PDE4A-D) are known to encode PDE4 enzymes, with additional diversity generated by the use of alternative mRNA splicing and the use of different promoters. While PDE4 selective inhibitors show therapeutic potential for treating major diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, little is known concerning the role of PDE4 in malignant melanoma. In this study, we examined the role of PDE4 in mouse B16-F10 melanoma cells. In these cells, PDE4 activity was found to be ∼60% of total PDE activity. RT-PCR detected only PDE4B and PDE4D mRNA. Cell growth was inhibited by the cAMP analog, 8-bromo-cAMP, but not by the specific PDE4 inhibitors, rolipram and denbufylline, which increased intracellular cAMP concentrations. Finally, migration of the B16-F10 cells was inhibited by the PDE4 inhibitors and 8-bromo-cAMP, while migration was increased by a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, PKI(14-22), and was not affected by 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP, which is an analog of exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac). The inhibitory effect of rolipram on migration was reversed by PKI(14-22). Based on these results, PDE4 appears to play an important role in the migration of B16-F10 cells, and therefore may be a novel target for the treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Watanabe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Reparative and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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44
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Mika D, Leroy J, Vandecasteele G, Fischmeister R. [Role of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in the cAMP compartmentation in cardiac cells]. Biol Aujourdhui 2012; 206:11-24. [PMID: 22463992 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2012003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the light of the knowledge accumulated over the years, it becomes clear that intracellular cAMP is not uniformly distributed within cardiomyocytes and that cAMP compartmentation is required for adequate processing and targeting of the information generated at the membrane. Localized cAMP signals may be generated by interplay between discrete production sites and restricted diffusion within the cytoplasm. In addition to specialized membrane structures that may limit cAMP spreading, degradation of the second messenger by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) appears critical for the formation of dynamic microdomains that confer specificity of the response to various hormones. This review summarizes the main findings that support the cAMP compartmentation hypothesis in cardiac cells, with a special emphasis on PDEs. The respective roles of the four main cardiac cAMP-PDE families (PDE1 to PDE4) in the organization of cAMP microdomains and hormonal specificity in cardiac cells are reviewed. The evidence that these PDEs are modified in heart failure is summarized, and the implication for the progression of the disease is discussed. Finally, the potential benefits that could be awaited from the manipulation of specific PDE subtypes in heart failure are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Mika
- Inserm UMR-S 769- LabEx LERMIT, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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45
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim is to update current understanding of the genes identified by the recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of asthma and its associated traits. The review also discusses how to dissect the functional roles of novel genes in future research. RECENT FINDINGS More than 10 GWAS aimed at identifying the genes underlying asthma and relevant traits have been published in the past 3 years. The largest of these was from the GABRIEL consortium, which discovered that the IL18R1, IL33, SMAD3, ORMDL3, HLA-DQ and IL2RB loci were all significantly associated with asthma. Many novel asthma genes, including those previously identified by positional cloning, are expressed within the respiratory epithelium, emphasizing the importance of epithelial barriers in causing asthma . The genes controlling IgE levels have surprisingly little overlap with the genes mediating asthma susceptibility, suggesting that atopy is secondary to asthma rather than a primary driver of the disease. The next challenge will be the systematic analysis of the precise functions of these genes in the pathogenesis of asthma. SUMMARY GWAS have uncovered many novel genes underlying asthma and detailed functional dissection of their roles in asthma will point the way to new therapies for the disease.
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46
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Murray F. The interplay of multiple molecular and cellular components is necessary for compartmentalization of cAMP. Focus on "Assessment of cellular mechanisms contributing to cAMP compartmentalization in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells". Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 302:C837-8. [PMID: 22237404 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00012.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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47
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Feinstein WP, Zhu B, Leavesley SJ, Sayner SL, Rich TC. Assessment of cellular mechanisms contributing to cAMP compartmentalization in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 302:C839-52. [PMID: 22116306 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00361.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP signals encode information required to differentially regulate a wide variety of cellular responses; yet it is not well understood how information is encrypted within these signals. An emerging concept is that compartmentalization underlies specificity within the cAMP signaling pathway. This concept is based on a series of observations indicating that cAMP levels are distinct in different regions of the cell. One such observation is that cAMP production at the plasma membrane increases pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier integrity, whereas cAMP production in the cytosol disrupts barrier integrity. To better understand how cAMP signals might be compartmentalized, we have developed mathematical models in which cellular geometry as well as total adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase activities were constrained to approximate values measured in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. These simulations suggest that the subcellular localizations of adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase activities are by themselves insufficient to generate physiologically relevant cAMP gradients. Thus, the assembly of adenylyl cyclase, phosphodiesterase, and protein kinase A onto protein scaffolds is by itself unlikely to ensure signal specificity. Rather, our simulations suggest that reductions in the effective cAMP diffusion coefficient may facilitate the formation of substantial cAMP gradients. We conclude that reductions in the effective rate of cAMP diffusion due to buffers, structural impediments, and local changes in viscosity greatly facilitate the ability of signaling complexes to impart specificity within the cAMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei P Feinstein
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA
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48
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Stangherlin A, Zaccolo M. Phosphodiesterases and subcellular compartmentalized cAMP signaling in the cardiovascular system. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H379-90. [PMID: 22037184 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00766.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases are key enzymes in the cAMP signaling cascade. They convert cAMP in its inactive form 5'-AMP and critically regulate the intensity and the duration of cAMP-mediated signals. Multiple isoforms exist that possess different intracellular distributions, different affinities for cAMP, and different catalytic and regulatory properties. This complex repertoire of enzymes provides a multiplicity of ways to modulate cAMP levels, to integrate more signaling pathways, and to respond to the specific needs of the cell within distinct subcellular domains. In this review we summarize key findings on phosphodiesterase compartmentalization in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Stangherlin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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49
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Xie M, Rich TC, Scheitrum C, Conti M, Richter W. Inactivation of multidrug resistance proteins disrupts both cellular extrusion and intracellular degradation of cAMP. Mol Pharmacol 2011; 80:281-93. [PMID: 21551375 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.071134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to xenobiotics and several other endogenous metabolites, multidrug-resistance proteins (MRPs) extrude the second-messenger cAMP from various cells. Pharmacological and/or genetic inactivation of MRPs has been shown to augment intracellular cAMP signaling, an effect assumed to be a direct consequence of the blockade of cAMP extrusion. Here we provide evidence that the augmented intracellular cAMP levels are not due exclusively to the prevention of cAMP efflux because MRP inactivation is also associated with reduced cAMP degradation by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Several prototypical MRP inhibitors block PDE activity at concentrations widely used to inhibit MRPs. Their dose-dependent effects in several paradigms of cAMP signaling are more consistent with their potency in inhibiting PDEs than MRPs. Moreover, genetic manipulation of MRP expression results in concomitant changes in PDE activity and protein levels, thus affecting cAMP degradation in parallel with cAMP efflux. These findings suggest that the effects of MRP inactivation on intracellular cAMP levels reported previously may be due in part to reduced degradation by PDEs and identify MRP-dependent transport mechanisms as novel regulators of cellular PDE expression levels. Mathematical simulations of cAMP signaling predict that selective ablation of MRP-dependent cAMP efflux per se does not affect bulk cytosolic cAMP levels, but may control cAMP levels in restricted submembrane compartments that are defined by small volume, high MRP activity, limited PDE activity, and limited exchange of cAMP with the bulk-cytosolic cAMP pool. Whether this regulation occurs in cells remains to be confirmed experimentally under conditions that do not affect PDE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Xie
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., Box 0556, San Francisco, CA 94143-0556, USA
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