1
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Weng JY, Chen XX, Wang XH, Ye HE, Wu YP, Sun WY, Liang L, Duan WJ, Kurihara H, Huang F, Sun XX, Ou-Yang SH, He RR, Li YF. Reducing lipid peroxidation attenuates stress-induced susceptibility to herpes simplex virus type 1. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1856-1866. [PMID: 37193755 PMCID: PMC10186316 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress increases the susceptibility to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. There is no effective intervention due to the unknown pathogenesis mechanisms. In this study we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying stress-induced HSV-1 susceptibility and the antiviral effect of a natural compound rosmarinic acid (RA) in vivo and in vitro. Mice were administered RA (11.7, 23.4 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) or acyclovir (ACV, 206 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) for 23 days. The mice were subjected to restraint stress for 7 days followed by intranasal infection with HSV-1 on D7. At the end of RA or ACV treatment, mouse plasma samples and brain tissues were collected for analysis. We showed that both RA and ACV treatment significantly decreased stress-augmented mortality and alleviated eye swelling and neurological symptoms in HSV-1-infected mice. In SH-SY5Y cells and PC12 cells exposed to the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) plus HSV-1, RA (100 μM) significantly increased the cell viability, and inhibited CORT-induced elevation in the expression of viral proteins and genes. We demonstrated that CORT (50 μM) triggered lipoxygenase 15 (ALOX15)-mediated redox imbalance in the neuronal cells, increasing the level of 4-HNE-conjugated STING, which impaired STING translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi; the abnormality of STING-mediated innate immunity led to HSV-1 susceptibility. We revealed that RA was an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation by directly targeting ALOX15, thus RA could rescue stress-weakened neuronal innate immune response, thereby reducing HSV-1 susceptibility in vivo and in vitro. This study illustrates the critical role of lipid peroxidation in stress-induced HSV-1 susceptibility and reveals the potential for developing RA as an effective intervention in anti-HSV-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Weng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xin-Xing Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hui-Er Ye
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wan-Yang Sun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wen-Jun Duan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Feng Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xin-Xin Sun
- Jiujiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Shu-Hua Ou-Yang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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2
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Lal D, Brar T, Ramkumar SP, Li J, Kato A, Zhang L. Genetics and epigenetics of chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:848-868. [PMID: 36797169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Discerning the genetics and epigenetics of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may optimize outcomes through early diagnostics, personalized and novel therapeutics, and early prognostication. CRS associated with cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia has well-characterized genetic mutations. Most CRS subjects, however, do not exhibit identifiable monogenic alterations. Clustering in related individuals is seen in CRS with nasal polyps. Spouses of subjects with CRS without nasal polyps also may be at increased risk of the same disease. These observations generate questions on genetic and environmental influences in CRS. Genome-wide association studies have identified variations and polymorphisms between CRS and control subjects in genes related to innate and adaptive immunity. Candidate gene and transcriptomics studies have investigated and identified genetic variations related to immunity, inflammation, epithelial barrier function, stress-response, antigen processing, T-cell regulation, and cytokines in CRS. Epigenetic studies have identified mechanisms through which environmental factors may affect these gene functions. However, causality is not determined for most variations. Inferences drawn from these data must be measured because most investigations report unreplicated results from small study populations. Large, replicated studies in tight cohorts across diverse populations remain a pressing need in studying CRS genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devyani Lal
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz.
| | - Tripti Brar
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Shreya Pusapadi Ramkumar
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz; Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Jingyun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Allergy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Allergy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Pang C, Liu S, Zhang G, Zhou J, Du G, Li J. Improving the catalytic efficiency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipoxygenase by semi-rational design. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 162:110120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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4
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Belkadi A, Thareja G, Abbaszadeh F, Badii R, Fauman E, Albagha OM, Suhre K. Identification of PCSK9-like human gene knockouts using metabolomics, proteomics, and whole-genome sequencing in a consanguineous population. CELL GENOMICS 2022; 3:100218. [PMID: 36777185 PMCID: PMC9903797 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural human knockouts of genes associated with desirable outcomes, such as PCSK9 with low levels of LDL-cholesterol, can lead to the discovery of new drug targets and treatments. Rare loss-of-function variants are more likely to be found in the homozygous state in consanguineous populations, and deep molecular phenotyping of blood samples from homozygous carriers can help to discriminate between silent and functional variants. Here, we combined whole-genome sequencing with proteomics and metabolomics for 2,935 individuals from the Qatar Biobank (QBB) to evaluate the power of this approach for finding genes of clinical and pharmaceutical interest. As proof-of-concept, we identified a homozygous carrier of a very rare PCSK9 variant with extremely low circulating PCSK9 levels and low LDL. Our study demonstrates that the chances of finding such variants are about 168 times higher in QBB compared with GnomAD and emphasizes the potential of consanguineous populations for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Belkadi
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar,Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gaurav Thareja
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar,Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Omar M.E. Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar,Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Karsten Suhre
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar,Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding author
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5
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Xu X, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Arachidonic Acid 15-Lipoxygenase: Effects of Its Expression, Metabolites, and Genetic and Epigenetic Variations on Airway Inflammation. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 13:684-696. [PMID: 34486255 PMCID: PMC8419644 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.5.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) is an enzyme that can oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids. ALOX15 is strongly expressed in airway epithelial cells, where it catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) involved in various airway inflammatory diseases. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 induce ALOX15 expression by activating Jak2 and Tyk2 kinases as well as signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) 1/3/5/6. ALOX15 up-regulation and subsequent association with phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (PEBP1) activate the mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, thus inducing eosinophil-mediated airway inflammation. In addition, ALOX15 plays a significant role in promoting the migration of immune cells, such as immature dendritic cells, activated T cells, and mast cells, and airway remodeling, including goblet cell differentiation. Genome-wide association studies have revealed multiple ALOX15 variants and their significant correlation with the risk of developing airway diseases. The epigenetic modifications of the ALOX15 gene, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, have been shown to closely relate with airway inflammation. This review summarizes the role of ALOX15 in different phenotypes of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic rhinosinusitis, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, and nasal polyps, suggesting new treatment strategies for these airway inflammatory diseases with complex etiology and poor treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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6
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Kristjansson RP, Benonisdottir S, Davidsson OB, Oddsson A, Tragante V, Sigurdsson JK, Stefansdottir L, Jonsson S, Jensson BO, Arthur JG, Arnadottir GA, Sulem G, Halldorsson BV, Gunnarsson B, Halldorsson GH, Stefansson OA, Oskarsson GR, Deaton AM, Olafsson I, Eyjolfsson GI, Sigurdardottir O, Onundarson PT, Gislason D, Gislason T, Ludviksson BR, Ludviksdottir D, Olafsdottir TA, Rafnar T, Masson G, Zink F, Bjornsdottir G, Magnusson OT, Bjornsdottir US, Thorleifsson G, Norddahl GL, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorsteinsdottir U, Jonsdottir I, Sulem P, Stefansson K. A loss-of-function variant in ALOX15 protects against nasal polyps and chronic rhinosinusitis. Nat Genet 2019; 51:267-276. [PMID: 30643255 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nasal polyps (NP) are lesions on the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa and are a risk factor for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We performed genome-wide association studies on NP and CRS in Iceland and the UK (using UK Biobank data) with 4,366 NP cases, 5,608 CRS cases, and >700,000 controls. We found 10 markers associated with NP and 2 with CRS. We also tested 210 markers reported to associate with eosinophil count, yielding 17 additional NP associations. Of the 27 NP signals, 7 associate with CRS and 13 with asthma. Most notably, a missense variant in ALOX15 that causes a p.Thr560Met alteration in arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) confers large genome-wide significant protection against NP (P = 8.0 × 10-27, odds ratio = 0.32; 95% confidence interval = 0.26, 0.39) and CRS (P = 1.1 × 10-8, odds ratio = 0.64; 95% confidence interval = 0.55, 0.75). p.Thr560Met, carried by around 1 in 20 Europeans, was previously shown to cause near total loss of 15-LO enzymatic activity. Our findings identify 15-LO as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in NP and CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vinicius Tragante
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Pall T Onundarson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspítali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Medicine, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Sleep, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjorn R Ludviksson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Immunology, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Dora Ludviksdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorunn A Olafsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Unnur S Bjornsdottir
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,The Medical Center Mjodd, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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7
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Qiao Y, Wen J, Tang F, Martell S, Shomer N, Leung PCK, Stephenson MD, Rajcan-Separovic E. Whole exome sequencing in recurrent early pregnancy loss. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:364-72. [PMID: 26826164 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY HYPOTHESIS Exome sequencing can identify genetic causes of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). STUDY FINDING We identified compound heterozygous deleterious mutations affecting DYNC2H1 and ALOX15 in two out of four families with RPL. Both genes have a role in early development. Bioinformatics analysis of all genes with rare and putatively pathogenic mutations in miscarriages and couples showed enrichment in pathways relevant to pregnancy loss, including the complement and coagulation cascades pathways. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Next generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly being used to identify known and novel gene mutations in children with developmental delay and in fetuses with ultrasound-detected anomalies. In contrast, NGS is rarely used to study pregnancy loss. Chromosome microarray analysis detects putatively causative DNA copy number variants (CNVs) in ∼2% of miscarriages and CNVs of unknown significance (predominantly parental in origin) in up to 40% of miscarriages. Therefore, a large number of miscarriages still have an unknown cause. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed using Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform on seven euploid miscarriages from four families with RPL. Golden Helix SVS v8.1.5 was used for data assessment and inheritance analysis for deleterious DNA variants predicted to severely disrupt protein-coding genes by introducing a frameshift, loss of the stop codon, gain of the stop codon, changes in splicing or the initial codon. Webgestalt (http://bioinfo.vanderbilt.edu/webgestalt/) was used for pathway and disease association enrichment analysis of a gene pool containing putatively pathogenic variants in miscarriages and couples in comparison to control gene pools. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Compound heterozygous mutations in DYNC2H1 and ALOX15 were identified in miscarriages from two families with RPL. DYNC2H1 is involved in cilia biogenesis and has been associated with fetal lethality in humans. ALOX15 is expressed in placenta and its dysregulation has been associated with inflammation, placental, dysfunction, abnormal oxidative stress response and angiogenesis. The pool of putatively pathogenic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions and deletions (indels) detected in the miscarriages showed enrichment in 'complement and coagulation cascades pathway', and 'ciliary motility disorders'. We conclude that CNVs, individual SNVs and pool of deleterious gene mutations identified by exome sequencing could contribute to RPL. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The size of our sample cohort is small. The functional effect of candidate mutations should be evaluated to determine whether the mutations are causative. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first study to assess whether SNVs may contribute to the pathogenesis of miscarriage. Furthermore, our findings suggest that collective effect of mutations in relevant biological pathways could be implicated in RPL. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS The study was funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant MOP 106467) and Michael Smith Foundation of Health Research Career Scholar salary award to ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qiao
- Department of Pathology, BC Child and Family Research Institute (CFRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jiadi Wen
- University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Flamingo Tang
- Department of Pathology, BC Child and Family Research Institute (CFRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sally Martell
- Department of Pathology, BC Child and Family Research Institute (CFRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Naomi Shomer
- Department of Pathology, BC Child and Family Research Institute (CFRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 2 K5
| | - Mary D Stephenson
- University of Chicago and University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evica Rajcan-Separovic
- Department of Pathology, BC Child and Family Research Institute (CFRI), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
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8
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Souza ML, Castellano EE, Telser J, Franco DW. Secondary Coordination Sphere Effects in Ruthenium(III) Tetraammine Complexes: Role of the Coordinated Water Molecule. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2067-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5030857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological,
Chemical and Physical Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605 United States
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9
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Horn T, Adel S, Schumann R, Sur S, Kakularam KR, Polamarasetty A, Redanna P, Kuhn H, Heydeck D. Evolutionary aspects of lipoxygenases and genetic diversity of human leukotriene signaling. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 57:13-39. [PMID: 25435097 PMCID: PMC7112624 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, which are biosynthesized via the lipoxygenase pathway of the arachidonic acid cascade. Lipoxygenases form a family of lipid peroxidizing enzymes and human lipoxygenase isoforms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, hyperproliferative (cancer) and neurodegenerative diseases. Lipoxygenases are not restricted to humans but also occur in a large number of pro- and eucaryotic organisms. Lipoxygenase-like sequences have been identified in the three domains of life (bacteria, archaea, eucarya) but because of lacking functional data the occurrence of catalytically active lipoxygenases in archaea still remains an open question. Although the physiological and/or pathophysiological functions of various lipoxygenase isoforms have been studied throughout the last three decades there is no unifying concept for the biological importance of these enzymes. In this review we are summarizing the current knowledge on the distribution of lipoxygenases in living single and multicellular organisms with particular emphasis to higher vertebrates and will also focus on the genetic diversity of enzymes and receptors involved in human leukotriene signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Horn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, 95064 Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Susan Adel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Schumann
- Institute of Microbiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Saubashya Sur
- Institute of Microbiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kumar Reddy Kakularam
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Aparoy Polamarasetty
- School of Life Sciences, University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 176215, India
| | - Pallu Redanna
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India; National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500049, Telangana, India
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Advances in Human Biology: Combining Genetics and Molecular Biophysics to Pave the Way for Personalized Diagnostics and Medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/471836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advances in several biology-oriented initiatives such as genome sequencing and structural genomics, along with the progress made through traditional biological and biochemical research, have opened up a unique opportunity to better understand the molecular effects of human diseases. Human DNA can vary significantly from person to person and determines an individual’s physical characteristics and their susceptibility to diseases. Armed with an individual’s DNA sequence, researchers and physicians can check for defects known to be associated with certain diseases by utilizing various databases. However, for unclassified DNA mutations or in order to reveal molecular mechanism behind the effects, the mutations have to be mapped onto the corresponding networks and macromolecular structures and then analyzed to reveal their effect on the wild type properties of biological processes involved. Predicting the effect of DNA mutations on individual’s health is typically referred to as personalized or companion diagnostics. Furthermore, once the molecular mechanism of the mutations is revealed, the patient should be given drugs which are the most appropriate for the individual genome, referred to as pharmacogenomics. Altogether, the shift in focus in medicine towards more genomic-oriented practices is the foundation of personalized medicine. The progress made in these rapidly developing fields is outlined.
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11
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Horn T, Reddy Kakularam K, Anton M, Richter C, Reddanna P, Kuhn H. Functional characterization of genetic enzyme variations in human lipoxygenases. Redox Biol 2013; 1:566-77. [PMID: 24282679 PMCID: PMC3840004 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian lipoxygenases play a role in normal cell development and differentiation but they have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, hyperproliferative and neurodegenerative diseases. As lipid peroxidizing enzymes they are involved in the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis since they produce lipid hydroperoxides, which serve as an efficient source for free radicals. There are various epidemiological correlation studies relating naturally occurring variations in the six human lipoxygenase genes (SNPs or rare mutations) to the frequency for various diseases in these individuals, but for most of the described variations no functional data are available. Employing a combined bioinformatical and enzymological strategy, which included structural modeling and experimental site-directed mutagenesis, we systematically explored the structural and functional consequences of non-synonymous genetic variations in four different human lipoxygenase genes (ALOX5, ALOX12, ALOX15, and ALOX15B) that have been identified in the human 1000 genome project. Due to a lack of a functional expression system we resigned to analyze the functionality of genetic variations in the hALOX12B and hALOXE3 gene. We found that most of the frequent non-synonymous coding SNPs are located at the enzyme surface and hardly alter the enzyme functionality. In contrast, genetic variations which affect functional important amino acid residues or lead to truncated enzyme variations (nonsense mutations) are usually rare with a global allele frequency<0.1%. This data suggest that there appears to be an evolutionary pressure on the coding regions of the lipoxygenase genes preventing the accumulation of loss-of-function variations in the human population. Non-synonymous coding variations in human lipoxygenases are mostly rare with a global allele frequency <1%. Common ALOX SNPs are mainly localized on the enzyme surface and hardly effect the enzyme functionality. hALOX15B Ala416Asp is a newly discovered loss-of-function mutation in the hALOX gene family while inactivity seems to be caused by severe structural alterations. Our data indicate that there is evolutionary pressure on these redox enzymes preventing the accumulation of loss-of-function variations in the human population. 1000 Genome database is a useful tool to analyze the distribution and functionality of variations in genes of interest.
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Key Words
- 12-H(p)ETE, (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid
- 15-H(p)ETE, (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-15-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoic acid
- 5-H(p)ETE, (6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroperoxyeicosa-6,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid
- 8-H(p)ETE, (5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-8-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid
- ALOX, arachidonate lipoxygenase
- Eicosanoids
- Gene polymorphism
- H(p)ETE, hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid
- HETE, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
- IPTG, Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranosid
- LOXs, lipoxygenases
- LTA4, 4-[(2S,3S)-3-[(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)-tetradeca-1,3,5,8-tetraen-1-yl]oxiran-2-yl]butanoic acid
- LTB4, 5(S),12(R)-dihydroxy-6,8,10,14-(Z,E,E,Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid
- LTC4, (5S,6R,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-6-{[(2R)-2-[(4S)-4-amino-4-carboxybutanamido]-2-[(carboxymethyl) carbamoyl]ethyl]sulfanyl}-5-hydroxyeicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid
- Leukotrienes
- Lipoxygenases
- SNP
- UTR, untranslated region
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Horn
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin-Charité, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Hoffman P, Rauová D, Bezáková L, Obložinský M, Mikuš P. HPLC method for determination of lipoxygenase positional specific products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 84:53-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Horn T, Ivanov I, Di Venere A, Kakularam KR, Reddanna P, Conrad ML, Richter C, Scheerer P, Kuhn H. Molecular basis for the catalytic inactivity of a naturally occurring near-null variant of human ALOX15. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1702-13. [PMID: 23958500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian lipoxygenases belong to a family of lipid-peroxidizing enzymes, which have been implicated in cardiovascular, hyperproliferative and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we report that a naturally occurring mutation in the hALOX15 gene leads to expression of a catalytically near-null enzyme variant (hGly422Glu). The inactivity may be related to severe misfolding of the enzyme protein, which was concluded from CD-spectra as well as from thermal and chemical stability assays. In silico mutagenesis experiments suggest that most mutations at hGly422 have the potential to induce sterical clash, which might be considered a reason for protein misfolding. hGly422 is conserved among ALOX5, ALOX12 and ALOX15 isoforms and corresponding hALOX12 and hALOX5 mutants also exhibited a reduced catalytic activity. Interestingly, in the hALOX5 Gly429Glu mutants the reaction specificity of arachidonic acid oxygenation was shifted from 5S- to 8S- and 12R-H(p)ETE formation. Taken together, our data indicate that the conserved glycine is of functional importance for these enzyme variants and most mutants at this position lose catalytic activity.
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Key Words
- (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid
- (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-15-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoic acid
- (5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-8-hydroperoxyicosa-5,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid
- (9Z,11E,13S)-13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid
- 12-H(p)ETE
- 13-H(p)ODE
- 15-H(p)ETE
- 8-H(p)ETE
- ALOX
- ALOX15
- ALOX15 gene variation
- HETE
- HpETE
- IPTG
- Isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside
- LOXs
- Lipid peroxidation
- Lipoxygenase
- Misfolding
- UTR
- arachidonate lipoxygenase
- hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid
- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
- lipoxygenases
- untranslated region
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Horn
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin-Charité, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Stefl S, Nishi H, Petukh M, Panchenko AR, Alexov E. Molecular mechanisms of disease-causing missense mutations. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:3919-36. [PMID: 23871686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations resulting in a change of amino acid sequence can have a dramatic effect on stability, hydrogen bond network, conformational dynamics, activity and many other physiologically important properties of proteins. The substitutions of only one residue in a protein sequence, so-called missense mutations, can be related to many pathological conditions and may influence susceptibility to disease and drug treatment. The plausible effects of missense mutations range from affecting the macromolecular stability to perturbing macromolecular interactions and cellular localization. Here we review the individual cases and genome-wide studies that illustrate the association between missense mutations and diseases. In addition, we emphasize that the molecular mechanisms of effects of mutations should be revealed in order to understand the disease origin. Finally, we report the current state-of-the-art methodologies that predict the effects of mutations on protein stability, the hydrogen bond network, pH dependence, conformational dynamics and protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Stefl
- Computational Biophysics and Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Kleinstein SE, Heath L, Makar KW, Poole EM, Seufert BL, Slattery ML, Xiao L, Duggan DJ, Hsu L, Curtin K, Koepl L, Muehling J, Taverna D, Caan BJ, Carlson CS, Potter JD, Ulrich CM. Genetic variation in the lipoxygenase pathway and risk of colorectal neoplasia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013; 52:437-49. [PMID: 23404351 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonate lipoxygenase (ALOX) enzymes metabolize arachidonic acid to generate potent inflammatory mediators and play an important role in inflammation-associated diseases. We investigated associations between colorectal cancer risk and polymorphisms in ALOX5, FLAP, ALOX12, and ALOX15, and their interactions with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. We genotyped fifty tagSNPs, one candidate SNP, and two functional promoter variable nucleotide tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms in three US population-based case-control studies of colon cancer (1,424 cases/1,780 controls), rectal cancer (583 cases/775 controls), and colorectal adenomas (485 cases/578 controls). Individuals with variant genotypes of the ALOX5 VNTR had a decreased risk of rectal cancer, with the strongest association seen for individuals with one or more alleles of >5 repeats (wild type = 5, OR>5/≥5 = 0.42, 95% CI 0.20-0.92; P = 0.01). Four SNPs in FLAP (rs17239025), ALOX12 (rs2073438), and ALOX15 (rs4796535 and rs2619112) were associated with rectal cancer risk at P ≤ 0.05. One SNP in FLAP (rs12429692) was associated with adenoma risk. A false discovery rate (FDR) was applied to account for false positives due to multiple testing; the ALOX15 associations were noteworthy at 25% FDR. Colorectal neoplasia risk appeared to be modified by NSAID use in individuals with variant alleles in FLAP and ALOX15. One noteworthy interaction (25% FDR) was observed for rectal cancer. Genetic variability in ALOXs may affect risk of colorectal neoplasia, particularly for rectal cancer. Additionally, genetic variability in FLAP and ALOX15 may modify the protective effect of NSAID use against colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Kleinstein
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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16
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Lacy DC, Park YJ, Ziller JW, Yano J, Borovik AS. Assembly and properties of heterobimetallic Co(II/III)/Ca(II) complexes with aquo and hydroxo ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:17526-35. [PMID: 22998407 PMCID: PMC3638877 DOI: 10.1021/ja304525n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of water as a reagent in redox-driven reactions is advantageous because it is abundant and environmentally compatible. The conversion of water to dioxygen in photosynthesis illustrates one example, in which a redox-inactive Ca(II) ion and four manganese ions are required for function. In this report we describe the stepwise formation of two new heterobimetallic complexes containing Co(II/III) and Ca(II) ions and either hydroxo or aquo ligands. The preparation of a four-coordinate Co(II) synthon was achieved with the tripodal ligand, N,N',N"-[2,2',2"-nitrilotris(ethane-2,1-diyl)]tris(2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonamido, [MST](3-). Water binds to [Co(II)MST](-) to form the five-coordinate [Co(II)MST(OH(2))](-) complex that was used to prepare the Co(II)/Ca(II) complex [Co(II)MST(μ-OH(2))Ca(II)⊂15-crown-5(OH(2))](+) ([Co(II)(μ-OH(2))Ca(II)OH(2)](+)). [Co(II)(μ-OH(2))CaOH(2)](+) contained two aquo ligands, one bonded to the Ca(II) ion and one bridging between the two metal ions, and thus represents an unusual example of a heterobimetallic complex containing two aquo ligands spanning different metal ions. Both aquo ligands formed intramolecular hydrogen bonds with the [MST](3-) ligand. [Co(II)MST(OH(2))](-) was oxidized to form [Co(III)MST(OH(2))] that was further converted to [Co(III)MST(μ-OH)Ca(II)⊂15-crown-5](+) ([Co(III)(μ-OH)Ca(II)](+)) in the presence of base and Ca(II)OTf(2)/15-crown-5. [Co(III)(μ-OH)Ca(II)](+) was also synthesized from the oxidation of [Co(II)MST](-) with iodosylbenzene (PhIO) in the presence of Ca(II)OTf(2)/15-crown-5. Allowing [Co(III)(μ-OH)Ca(II)](+) to react with diphenylhydrazine afforded [Co(II)(μ-OH(2))Ca(II)OH(2)](+) and azobenzene. Additionally, the characterization of [Co(III)(μ-OH)Ca(II)](+) provides another formulation for the previously reported Co(IV)-oxo complex, [(TMG(3)tren)Co(IV)(μ-O)Sc(III)(OTf)(3)](2+) to one that instead could contain a Co(III)-OH unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Lacy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Young Jun Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Junko Yano
- Physical Bio-sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - A. S. Borovik
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697
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Samanta S, Anderson K, Moran S, Hawke D, Gorenstein D, Fornage M. Characterization of a human 12/15-lipoxygenase promoter variant associated with atherosclerosis identifies vimentin as a promoter binding protein. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42417. [PMID: 22879973 PMCID: PMC3413658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sequence variation in the human 12/15 lipoxygenase (ALOX15) has been associated with atherosclerotic disease. We functionally characterized an ALOX15 promoter polymorphism, rs2255888, previously associated with carotid plaque burden. Methodology/Principal Findings We demonstrate specific in vitro and in vivo binding of the cytoskeletal protein, vimentin, to the ALOX15 promoter. We show that the two promoter haplotypes carrying alternate alleles at rs2255888 exhibit significant differences in promoter activity by luciferase reporter assay in two cell lines. Differences in in-vitro vimentin-binding to and formation of DNA secondary structures in the polymorphic promoter sequence are also detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and biophysical analysis, respectively. We show regulation of ALOX15 protein by vimentin. Conclusions/Significance This study suggests that vimentin binds the ALOX15 promoter and regulates its promoter activity and protein expression. Sequence variation that results in changes in DNA conformation and vimentin binding to the promoter may be relevant to ALOX15 gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Samanta
- Research Center for Human Genetics, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
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