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Byeon S, Yadav S. Pleiotropic functions of TAO kinases and their dysregulation in neurological disorders. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadg0876. [PMID: 38166033 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg0876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Thousand and one amino acid kinases (TAOKs) are relatively understudied and functionally pleiotropic protein kinases that have emerged as important regulators of neurodevelopment. Through their conserved amino-terminal catalytic domain, TAOKs mediate phosphorylation at serine/threonine residues in their substrates, but it is their divergent regulatory carboxyl-terminal domains that confer both exquisite functional specification and cellular localization. In this Review, we discuss the physiological roles of TAOKs and the intricate signaling pathways, molecular interactions, and cellular behaviors they modulate-from cell stress responses, division, and motility to tissue homeostasis, immunity, and neurodevelopment. These insights are then integrated into an analysis of the known and potential impacts of disease-associated variants of TAOKs, with a focus on neurodevelopmental disorders, pain and addiction, and neurodegenerative diseases. Translating this foundation into clinical benefits for patients will require greater structural and functional differentiation of the TAOKs afforded by their individually specialized domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Byeon
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Smita Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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2
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Zhang H, Li A, Liu YF, Sun ZM, Jin BX, Lin JP, Yang Y, Yao YX. Spinal TAOK2 contributes to neuropathic pain via cGAS-STING activation in rats. iScience 2023; 26:107792. [PMID: 37720090 PMCID: PMC10502416 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousand and one amino acid kinase 2 (TAOK2) is a member of the mammalian sterile 20 kinase family and is implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders; however, its role in neuropathic pain remains unknown. Here, we found that TAOK2 was enriched and activated after chronic constriction injury (CCI) in the rat spinal dorsal horn. Meanwhile, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling was also activated with hyperalgesia. Silencing TAOK2 reversed hyperalgesia and suppressed the activation of cGAS-STING signaling induced by CCI, while pharmacological activation of TAOK2 induced pain hypersensitivity and upregulation of cGAS-STING signaling in naive rats. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition or gene silencing of cGAS-STING signaling attenuated CCI-induced hyperalgesia. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the activation of spinal TAOK2 contributes to CCI-induced hyperalgesia via cGAS-STING signaling activation, providing new molecular targets for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Department of Anesthesia, People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Sun
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Bing-Xin Jin
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Jia-Piao Lin
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
- Centre for Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yong-Xing Yao
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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Nourbakhsh K, Ferreccio AA, Bernard MJ, Yadav S. TAOK2 is an ER-localized kinase that catalyzes the dynamic tethering of ER to microtubules. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3321-3333.e5. [PMID: 34879262 PMCID: PMC8699727 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depends on extensive association with the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton for its structure and mitotic inheritance. However, mechanisms that underlie coupling of ER membranes to MTs are poorly understood. We have identified thousand and one amino acid kinase 2 (TAOK2) as a pleiotropic protein kinase that mediates tethering of ER to MTs. In human cells, TAOK2 localizes in distinct ER subdomains via transmembrane helices and an adjacent amphipathic region. Through its C-terminal tail, TAOK2 directly binds MTs, coupling ER membranes to the MT cytoskeleton. In TAOK2 knockout cells, although ER-membrane dynamics are increased, movement of ER along growing MT plus ends is disrupted. ER-MT tethering is tightly regulated by catalytic activity of TAOK2, perturbation of which leads to defects in ER morphology, association with MTs, and cell division. Our study identifies TAOK2 as an ER-MT tether and reveals a kinase-regulated mechanism for control of ER dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimya Nourbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Amy A Ferreccio
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthew J Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Smita Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Wu L, Yang N, Liu Q, Bai Y, Gao B. MiR-200c-3p affects cochlear hair cells damaged by oxidative stress via modulating Taok1 expression. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13665-13673. [PMID: 35035705 PMCID: PMC8748156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of miR-200c-3p in cochlear hair cells injured by oxidative stress (OS) and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The OS injury model of HEI-OC1 cells was induced by 100 μmol/L tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). The expression of miR-200c-3p in HEI-OC1 was detected by RT-PCR, the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined with ELISA, and the expression levels of Taok1 and apoptosis-related proteins were measured by Western Blot. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. RESULTS Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis identified down-regulated miR-200c-3p and up-regulated Taok1 in HEI-OC1 cells damaged by OS, as well as an inverse association between miR-200c-3p and Taok1. Cell tests confirmed that miR-200c-3p overexpression could effectively inhibit the OS response and apoptosis of HEI-OC1 cells. Bioinformatics prediction and dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that Taok1 was a direct target of miR-200c-3p. Taok1 overexpression could reverse the protective action of miR-200c-3p overexpression on the OS injury of HEI-OC1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Given the capacity of miR-200c-3p to suppress the OS and apoptosis of HEI-OC1 cells via targeting Taok1, it can be a novel and potential therapeutic target for cochlear hair cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Fujian Medical University ShengLi Clinical College, Fujian Provincial HospitalFuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100036, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UiversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Fujian Medical University ShengLi Clinical College, Fujian Provincial HospitalFuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yue Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100036, China
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Xiao Y, Dong J. The Hippo Signaling Pathway in Cancer: A Cell Cycle Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246214. [PMID: 34944834 PMCID: PMC8699626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is increasingly viewed as a cell cycle disease in that the dysregulation of the cell cycle machinery is a common feature in cancer. The Hippo signaling pathway consists of a core kinase cascade as well as extended regulators, which together control organ size and tissue homeostasis. The aberrant expression of cell cycle regulators and/or Hippo pathway components contributes to cancer development, and for this reason, we specifically focus on delineating the roles of the Hippo pathway in the cell cycle. Improving our understanding of the Hippo pathway from a cell cycle perspective could be used as a powerful weapon in the cancer battlefield. Abstract Cell cycle progression is an elaborate process that requires stringent control for normal cellular function. Defects in cell cycle control, however, contribute to genomic instability and have become a characteristic phenomenon in cancers. Over the years, advancement in the understanding of disrupted cell cycle regulation in tumors has led to the development of powerful anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of cell cycle dysregulation in cancers could provide therapeutic avenues for cancer treatment. The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved regulator network that controls organ size, and its dysregulation is implicated in various types of cancers. Although the role of the Hippo pathway in oncogenesis has been widely investigated, its role in cell cycle regulation has not been comprehensively scrutinized. Here, we specifically focus on delineating the involvement of the Hippo pathway in cell cycle regulation. To that end, we first compare the structural as well as functional conservation of the core Hippo pathway in yeasts, flies, and mammals. Then, we detail the multi-faceted aspects in which the core components of the mammalian Hippo pathway and their regulators affect the cell cycle, particularly with regard to the regulation of E2F activity, the G1 tetraploidy checkpoint, DNA synthesis, DNA damage checkpoint, centrosome dynamics, and mitosis. Finally, we briefly discuss how a collective understanding of cell cycle regulation and the Hippo pathway could be weaponized in combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jixin Dong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +402-559-5596; Fax: +402-559-4651
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Mathien S, Tesnière C, Meloche S. Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Its Pharmacological Potential. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:263-296. [PMID: 34732541 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways that play essential roles in transducing extracellular environmental signals into diverse cellular responses to maintain homeostasis. These pathways are classically organized into an architecture of three sequentially acting protein kinases: a MAPK kinase kinase that phosphorylates and activates a MAPK kinase, which in turn phosphorylates and activates the effector MAPK. The activity of MAPKs is tightly regulated by phosphorylation of their activation loop, which can be modulated by positive and negative feedback mechanisms to control the amplitude and duration of the signal. The signaling outcomes of MAPK pathways are further regulated by interactions of MAPKs with scaffolding and regulatory proteins. Accumulating evidence indicates that, in addition to these mechanisms, MAPK signaling is commonly regulated by ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)-mediated control of the stability and abundance of MAPK pathway components. Notably, the biologic activity of some MAPKs appears to be regulated mainly at the level of protein turnover. Recent studies have started to explore the potential of targeted protein degradation as a powerful strategy to investigate the biologic functions of individual MAPK pathway components and as a new therapeutic approach to overcome resistance to current small-molecule kinase inhibitors. Here, we comprehensively review the mechanisms, physiologic importance, and pharmacological potential of UPS-mediated protein degradation in the control of MAPK signaling. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Accumulating evidence highlights the importance of targeted protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in regulating and fine-tuning the signaling output of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Manipulating protein levels of MAPK cascade components may provide a novel approach for the development of selective pharmacological tools and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mathien
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.Ma., C.T., S.Me.); and Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine (C.T., S.Me.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (S.Me.), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chloé Tesnière
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.Ma., C.T., S.Me.); and Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine (C.T., S.Me.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (S.Me.), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Meloche
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (S.Ma., C.T., S.Me.); and Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine (C.T., S.Me.) and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (S.Me.), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ye J, Shi M, Chen W, Zhu F, Duan Q. Research Advances in the Molecular Functions and Relevant Diseases of TAOKs, Novel STE20 Kinase Family Members. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:3122-3133. [PMID: 32013821 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200203115458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As serine/threonine-protein kinases, Thousand and One Kinases(TAOKs) are members of the GCKlike superfamily, one of two well-known branches of the Ste20 kinase family. Within the last two decades, three functionally similar kinases, namely TAOK1-3, were identified. TAOKs are involved in many molecular and cellular events. Scholars widely believe that TAOKs act as kinases upstream of the MAPK cascade and as factors that interact with MST family kinases, the cytoskeleton, and apoptosis-associated proteins. Therefore, TAOKs are thought to function in tumorigenesis. Additionally, TAOKs participate in signal transduction induced by Notch, TCR, and IL-17. Recent studies found that TAOKs play roles in a series of diseases and conditions, such as the central nervous system dysfunction, herpes viral infection, immune system imbalance, urogenital system malformation during development, cardiovascular events, and childhood obesity. Therefore, inhibitory chemicals targeting TAOKs may be of great significance as potential drugs for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541000, China
| | - Qiuhong Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Fang CY, Lai TC, Hsiao M, Chang YC. The Diverse Roles of TAO Kinases in Health and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7463. [PMID: 33050415 PMCID: PMC7589832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousand and one kinases (TAOKs) are members of the MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family. Three members of this subfamily, TAOK1, 2, and 3, have been identified in mammals. It has been shown that TAOK1, 2 and 3 regulate the p38 MAPK and Hippo signaling pathways, while TAOK 1 and 2 modulate the SAPK/JNK cascade. Furthermore, TAOKs are involved in additional interactions with other cellular proteins and all of these pathways modulate vital physiological and pathophysiological responses in cells and tissues. Dysregulation of TAOK-related pathways is implicated in the development of diseases including inflammatory and immune disorders, cancer and drug resistance, and autism and Alzheimer's diseases. This review collates current knowledge concerning the roles of TAOKs in protein-protein interaction, signal transduction, physiological regulation, and pathogenesis and summarizes the recent development of TAOK-specific inhibitors that have the potential to ameliorate TAOKs' effects in pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yeu Fang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Ching Lai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Garg R, Koo CY, Infante E, Giacomini C, Ridley AJ, Morris JDH. Rnd3 interacts with TAO kinases and contributes to mitotic cell rounding and spindle positioning. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs235895. [PMID: 32041905 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.235895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rnd3 is an atypical Rho family protein that is constitutively GTP bound, and acts on membranes to induce loss of actin stress fibers and cell rounding. Phosphorylation of Rnd3 promotes 14-3-3 binding and its relocation to the cytosol. Here, we show that Rnd3 binds to the thousand-and-one amino acid kinases TAOK1 and TAOK2 in vitro and in cells. TAOK1 and TAOK2 can phosphorylate serine residues 210, 218 and 240 near the C-terminus of Rnd3, and induce Rnd3 translocation from the plasma membrane to the cytosol. TAOKs are activated catalytically during mitosis and Rnd3 phosphorylation on serine 210 increases in dividing cells. Rnd3 depletion by RNAi inhibits mitotic cell rounding and spindle centralization, and delays breakdown of the intercellular bridge between two daughter cells. Our results show that TAOKs bind, phosphorylate and relocate Rnd3 to the cytosol and that Rnd3 contributes to mitotic cell rounding, spindle positioning and cytokinesis. Rnd3 can therefore participate in the regulation of early and late mitosis and may also act downstream of TAOKs to affect the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Garg
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Chuay-Yeng Koo
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Elvira Infante
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Caterina Giacomini
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anne J Ridley
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jonathan D H Morris
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Dulovic-Mahlow M, Trinh J, Kandaswamy KK, Braathen GJ, Di Donato N, Rahikkala E, Beblo S, Werber M, Krajka V, Busk ØL, Baumann H, Al-Sannaa NA, Hinrichs F, Affan R, Navot N, Al Balwi MA, Oprea G, Holla ØL, Weiss ME, Jamra RA, Kahlert AK, Kishore S, Tveten K, Vos M, Rolfs A, Lohmann K. De Novo Variants in TAOK1 Cause Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:213-220. [PMID: 31230721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo variants represent a significant cause of neurodevelopmental delay and intellectual disability. A genetic basis can be identified in only half of individuals who have neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs); this indicates that additional causes need to be elucidated. We compared the frequency of de novo variants in patient-parent trios with (n = 2,030) versus without (n = 2,755) NDDs. We identified de novo variants in TAOK1 (thousand and one [TAO] amino acid kinase 1), which encodes the serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO1, in three individuals with NDDs but not in persons who did not have NDDs. Through further screening and the use of GeneMatcher, five additional individuals with NDDs were found to have de novo variants. All eight variants were absent from gnomAD (Genome Aggregation Database). The variant carriers shared a non-specific phenotype of developmental delay, and six individuals had additional muscular hypotonia. We established a fibroblast line of one mutation carrier, and we demonstrated that reduced mRNA levels of TAOK1 could be increased upon cycloheximide treatment. These results indicate nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Further, there was neither detectable phosphorylated TAO1 kinase nor phosphorylated tau in these cells, and mitochondrial morphology was altered. Knockdown of the ortholog gene Tao1 (Tao, CG14217) in Drosophila resulted in delayed early development. The majority of the Tao1-knockdown flies did not survive beyond the third instar larval stage. When compared to control flies, Tao1 knockdown flies revealed changed morphology of the ventral nerve cord and the neuromuscular junctions as well as a decreased number of endings (boutons). Furthermore, mitochondria in mutant flies showed altered distribution and decreased size in axons of motor neurons. Thus, we provide compelling evidence that de novo variants in TAOK1 cause NDDs.
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Giacomini C, Koo CY, Yankova N, Tavares IA, Wray S, Noble W, Hanger DP, Morris JDH. A new TAO kinase inhibitor reduces tau phosphorylation at sites associated with neurodegeneration in human tauopathies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:37. [PMID: 29730992 PMCID: PMC5937037 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related tauopathies, the microtubule-associated protein tau is highly phosphorylated and aggregates to form neurofibrillary tangles that are characteristic of these neurodegenerative diseases. Our previous work has demonstrated that the thousand-and-one amino acid kinases (TAOKs) 1 and 2 phosphorylate tau on more than 40 residues in vitro. Here we show that TAOKs are phosphorylated and active in AD brain sections displaying mild (Braak stage II), intermediate (Braak stage IV) and advanced (Braak stage VI) tau pathology and that active TAOKs co-localise with both pre-tangle and tangle structures. TAOK activity is also enriched in pathological tau containing sarkosyl-insoluble extracts prepared from AD brain. Two new phosphorylated tau residues (T123 and T427) were identified in AD brain, which appear to be targeted specifically by TAOKs. A new small molecule TAOK inhibitor (Compound 43) reduced tau phosphorylation on T123 and T427 and also on additional pathological sites (S262/S356 and S202/T205/S208) in vitro and in cell models. The TAOK inhibitor also decreased tau phosphorylation in differentiated primary cortical neurons without affecting markers of synapse and neuron health. Notably, TAOK activity also co-localised with tangles in post-mortem frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) brain tissue. Furthermore, the TAOK inhibitor decreased tau phosphorylation in induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons from FTLD patients, as well as cortical neurons from a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy (Tau35 mice). Our results demonstrate that abnormal TAOK activity is present at pre-tangles and tangles in tauopathies and that TAOK inhibition effectively decreases tau phosphorylation on pathological sites. Thus, TAOKs may represent a novel target to reduce or prevent tau-associated neurodegeneration in tauopathies.
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Koo CY, Giacomini C, Reyes-Corral M, Olmos Y, Tavares IA, Marson CM, Linardopoulos S, Tutt AN, Morris JDH. Targeting TAO Kinases Using a New Inhibitor Compound Delays Mitosis and Induces Mitotic Cell Death in Centrosome Amplified Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2410-2421. [PMID: 28830982 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thousand-and-one amino acid kinases (TAOK) 1 and 2 are activated catalytically during mitosis and can contribute to mitotic cell rounding and spindle positioning. Here, we characterize a compound that inhibits TAOK1 and TAOK2 activity with IC50 values of 11 to 15 nmol/L, is ATP-competitive, and targets these kinases selectively. TAOK inhibition or depletion in centrosome-amplified SKBR3 or BT549 breast cancer cell models increases the mitotic population, the percentages of mitotic cells displaying amplified centrosomes and multipolar spindles, induces cell death, and inhibits cell growth. In contrast, nontumorigenic and dividing bipolar MCF-10A breast cells appear less dependent on TAOK activity and can complete mitosis and proliferate in the presence of the TAOK inhibitor. We demonstrate that TAOK1 and TAOK2 localize to the cytoplasm and centrosomes respectively during mitosis. Live cell imaging shows that the TAOK inhibitor prolongs the duration of mitosis in SKBR3 cells, increases mitotic cell death, and reduces the percentages of cells exiting mitosis, whereas MCF-10A cells continue to divide and proliferate. Over 80% of breast cancer tissues display supernumerary centrosomes, and tumor cells frequently cluster extra centrosomes to avoid multipolar mitoses and associated cell death. Consequently, drugs that stimulate centrosome declustering and induce multipolarity are likely to target dividing centrosome-amplified cancer cells preferentially, while sparing normal bipolar cells. Our results demonstrate that TAOK inhibition can enhance centrosome declustering and mitotic catastrophe in cancer cells, and these proteins may therefore offer novel therapeutic targets suitable for drug inhibition and the potential treatment of breast cancers, where supernumerary centrosomes occur. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2410-21. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuay-Yeng Koo
- King's College London, School of Cancer Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Giacomini
- King's College London, School of Cancer Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Reyes-Corral
- King's College London, School of Cancer Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yolanda Olmos
- King's College London, School of Cancer Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ignatius A Tavares
- King's College London, School of Cancer Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles M Marson
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Spiros Linardopoulos
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, the Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, the Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- King's College London, School of Cancer Sciences, Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guy's Cancer Centre, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D H Morris
- King's College London, School of Cancer Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom.
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13
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Dechtawewat T, Paemanee A, Roytrakul S, Songprakhon P, Limjindaporn T, Yenchitsomanus PT, Saitornuang S, Puttikhunt C, Kasinrerk W, Malasit P, Noisakran S. Mass spectrometric analysis of host cell proteins interacting with dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 in dengue virus-infected HepG2 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:1270-1280. [PMID: 27108190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a leading cause of the mosquito-borne infectious diseases that affect humans worldwide. Virus-host interactions appear to play significant roles in DENV replication and the pathogenesis of DENV infection. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of DENV is likely involved in these processes; however, its associations with host cell proteins in DENV infection remain unclear. In this study, we used a combination of techniques (immunoprecipitation, in-solution trypsin digestion, and LC-MS/MS) to identify the host cell proteins that interact with cell-associated NS1 in an in vitro model of DENV infection in the human hepatocyte HepG2 cell line. Thirty-six novel host cell proteins were identified as potential DENV NS1-interacting partners. A large number of these proteins had characteristic binding or catalytic activities, and were involved in cellular metabolism. Coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization assays confirmed the interactions of DENV NS1 and human NIMA-related kinase 2 (NEK2), thousand and one amino acid protein kinase 1 (TAO1), and component of oligomeric Golgi complex 1 (COG1) proteins in virus-infected cells. This study reports a novel set of DENV NS1-interacting host cell proteins in the HepG2 cell line and proposes possible roles for human NEK2, TAO1, and COG1 in DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanyaporn Dechtawewat
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Atchara Paemanee
- Proteomics Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Proteomics Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pucharee Songprakhon
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Thawornchai Limjindaporn
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sawanan Saitornuang
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Unit, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chunya Puttikhunt
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Unit, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Prida Malasit
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Unit, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sansanee Noisakran
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Unit, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Medical Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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14
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Shahbazi MN, Perez-Moreno M. Connections between cadherin-catenin proteins, spindle misorientation, and cancer. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e1045684. [PMID: 26451345 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2015.1045684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-catenin mediated adhesion is an important determinant of tissue architecture in multicellular organisms. Cancer progression and maintenance is frequently associated with loss of their expression or functional activity, which not only leads to decreased cell-cell adhesion, but also to enhanced tumor cell proliferation and loss of differentiated characteristics. This review is focused on the emerging implications of cadherin-catenin proteins in the regulation of polarized divisions through their connections with the centrosomes, cytoskeleton, tissue tension and signaling pathways; and illustrates how alterations in cadherin-catenin levels or functional activity may render cells susceptible to transformation through the loss of their proliferation-differentiation balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta N Shahbazi
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience; University of Cambridge ; Cambridge, UK
| | - Mirna Perez-Moreno
- Epithelial Cell Biology Group; Cancer Cell Biology Program; Spanish National Cancer Research Centre ; Madrid, Spain
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15
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Chin HMS, Nandra K, Clark J, Draviam VM. Need for multi-scale systems to identify spindle orientation regulators relevant to tissue disorganization in solid cancers. Front Physiol 2014; 5:278. [PMID: 25120491 PMCID: PMC4110440 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Viji M. Draviam
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Cell Biology, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
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16
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Shrestha RL, Tamura N, Fries A, Levin N, Clark J, Draviam VM. TAO1 kinase maintains chromosomal stability by facilitating proper congression of chromosomes. Open Biol 2014; 4:130108. [PMID: 24898139 PMCID: PMC4077056 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.130108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability can arise from defects in chromosome-microtubule attachment. Using a variety of drug treatments, we show that TAO1 kinase is required for ensuring the normal congression of chromosomes. Depletion of TAO1 reduces the density of growing interphase and mitotic microtubules in human cells, showing TAO1's role in controlling microtubule dynamics. We demonstrate the aneugenic nature of chromosome-microtubule attachment defects in TAO1-depleted cells using an error-correction assay. Our model further strengthens the emerging paradigm that microtubule regulatory pathways are important for resolving erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments and maintaining the integrity of the genome, regardless of the spindle checkpoint status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan L Shrestha
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Naoka Tamura
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Anna Fries
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Nicolas Levin
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Joanna Clark
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Viji M Draviam
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
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17
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Tavares IA, Touma D, Lynham S, Troakes C, Schober M, Causevic M, Garg R, Noble W, Killick R, Bodi I, Hanger DP, Morris JDH. Prostate-derived sterile 20-like kinases (PSKs/TAOKs) phosphorylate tau protein and are activated in tangle-bearing neurons in Alzheimer disease. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15418-29. [PMID: 23585562 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.448183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer disease (AD), the microtubule-associated protein tau is highly phosphorylated and aggregates into characteristic neurofibrillary tangles. Prostate-derived sterile 20-like kinases (PSKs/TAOKs) 1 and 2, members of the sterile 20 family of kinases, have been shown to regulate microtubule stability and organization. Here we show that tau is a good substrate for PSK1 and PSK2 phosphorylation with mass spectrometric analysis of phosphorylated tau revealing more than 40 tau residues as targets of these kinases. Notably, phosphorylated residues include motifs located within the microtubule-binding repeat domain on tau (Ser-262, Ser-324, and Ser-356), sites that are known to regulate tau-microtubule interactions. PSK catalytic activity is enhanced in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, areas of the brain that are most susceptible to Alzheimer pathology, in comparison with the cerebellum, which is relatively spared. Activated PSK is associated with neurofibrillary tangles, dystrophic neurites surrounding neuritic plaques, neuropil threads, and granulovacuolar degeneration bodies in AD brain. By contrast, activated PSKs and phosphorylated tau are rarely detectible in immunostained control human brain. Our results demonstrate that tau is a substrate for PSK and suggest that this family of kinases could contribute to the development of AD pathology and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatius A Tavares
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 1UL, London
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18
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Patel M, Cai Q, Ding D, Salvi R, Hu Z, Hu BH. The miR-183/Taok1 target pair is implicated in cochlear responses to acoustic trauma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58471. [PMID: 23472202 PMCID: PMC3589350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic trauma, one of the leading causes of sensorineural hearing loss, induces sensory hair cell damage in the cochlea. Identifying the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating sensory hair cell death is critical towards developing effective treatments for preventing hair cell damage. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to participate in the regulatory mechanisms of inner ear development and homeostasis. However, their involvement in cochlear sensory cell degeneration following acoustic trauma is unknown. Here, we profiled the expression pattern of miRNAs in the cochlear sensory epithelium, defined miRNA responses to acoustic overstimulation, and explored potential mRNA targets of miRNAs that may be responsible for the stress responses of the cochlea. Expression analysis of miRNAs in the cochlear sensory epithelium revealed constitutive expression of 176 miRNAs, many of which have not been previously reported in cochlear tissue. Exposure to intense noise caused significant threshold shift and apoptotic activity in the cochleae. Gene expression analysis of noise-traumatized cochleae revealed time-dependent transcriptional changes in the expression of miRNAs. Target prediction analysis revealed potential target genes of the significantly downregulated miRNAs, many of which had cell death- and apoptosis-related functions. Verification of the predicted targets revealed a significant upregulation of Taok1, a target of miRNA-183. Moreover, inhibition of miR-183 with morpholino antisense oligos in cochlear organotypic cultures revealed a negative correlation between the expression levels of miR-183 and Taok1, suggesting the presence of a miR-183/Taok1 target pair. Together, miRNA profiling as well as the target analysis and validation suggest the involvement of miRNAs in the regulation of the degenerative process of the cochlea following acoustic overstimulation. The miR-183/Taok1 target pair is likely to play a role in this regulatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal Patel
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Qunfeng Cai
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Dalian Ding
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Zihua Hu
- Center for Computational Research, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Bo Hua Hu
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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