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Cao ZM, Fu S, Dong C, Yang TY, Liu XK, Zhang CL, Li DZ. DSCR1-1 attenuates osteoarthritis-associated chondrocyte injury by regulating the CREB1/ALDH2/Wnt/β-catenin axis: An in vitro and in vivo study. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111287. [PMID: 38969191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The progression of osteoarthritis (OA) includes the initial inflammation, subsequent degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and chondrocyte apoptosis. Down syndrome candidate region 1 (DSCR1) is a stress-responsive gene and expresses in varied types of cells, including chondrocytes. Bioinformatics analysis of GSE103416 and GSE104739 datasets showed higher DSCR1 expression in the inflamed cartilage tissues and chondrocytes of OA. DSCR1 had two major isoforms, isoform 1 (DSCR1-1) and isoform 4 (DSCR1-4). We found that DSCR1-1 had a faster (in vitro) and higher expression (in vivo) response to OA compared to DSCR1-4. IL-1β-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and ECM degradation in chondrocytes were attenuated by DSCR1-1 overexpression. DSCR1-1 triggered the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding 1 (CREB1) at 133 serine sites by decreasing calcineurin activity. Moreover, activated CREB1 moved into the cell nucleus and combined in the promoter regions of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), thus enhancing its gene transcription. ALDH2 could recover Wnt/β-catenin signaling transduction by enhancing phosphorylation of β-catenin at 33/37 serine sites and inhibiting the migration of β-catenin protein from the cellular matrix to the nucleus. In vivo, adenoviruses (1 × 108 PFU) overexpressing DSCR1-1 were injected into the articular cavity of C57BL/6 mice with medial meniscus surgery-induced OA, and it showed that DSCR1-1 overexpression ameliorated cartilage injury. Collectively, our study demonstrates that DSCR1-1 may be a potential therapeutic target of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Ming Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Su Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Teng-Yue Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong-Zhe Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China.
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Shrestha J, Santerre M, Allen CN, Arjona SP, Hooper R, Mukerjee R, Kaul M, Shcherbik N, Soboloff J, Sawaya BE. HIV-1 gp120 protein promotes HAND through the calcineurin pathway activation. Mitochondrion 2023; 70:31-40. [PMID: 36925028 PMCID: PMC10484070 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
For over two decades, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was able to help prolong the life expectancy of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) and eliminate the virus to an undetectable level. However, an increased prevalence of HIV- associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) was observed. These symptoms range from neuronal dysfunction to cell death. Among the markers of neuronal deregulation, we cite the alteration of synaptic plasticity and neuronal communications. Clinically, these dysfunctions led to neurocognitive disorders such as learning alteration and loss of spatial memory, which promote premature brain aging even in HAART-treated patients. In support of these observations, we showed that the gp120 protein deregulates miR-499-5p and its downstream target, the calcineurin (CaN) protein. The gp120 protein also promotes the accumulation of calcium (Ca2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the neurons leading to the activation of CaN and the inhibition of miR-499-5p. gp120 protein also caused mitochondrial fragmentation and changes in shape and size. The use of mimic miR-499 restored mitochondrial functions, appearance, and size. These results demonstrated the additional effect of the gp120 protein on neurons through the miR-499-5p/calcineurin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Shrestha
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab; FELS Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Maryline Santerre
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab; FELS Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Charles N Allen
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab; FELS Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sterling P Arjona
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab; FELS Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Robert Hooper
- FELS Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ruma Mukerjee
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab; FELS Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Marcus Kaul
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, UCR, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Shcherbik
- Department for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- FELS Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Bassel E Sawaya
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab; FELS Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Fleitas MMD, Kim SS, Kim NK, Seo SR. Cynanoside F Controls Skin Inflammation by Suppressing Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091740. [PMID: 36139814 PMCID: PMC9495541 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease accompanied by severe itching and dry skin. Currently, the incidence of AD due to excessive activation of immune cells by various environmental factors is increasing worldwide, and research on inflammatory response inhibitors with fewer side effects is continuously needed. Cynanoside F (CF) is one of the pregnane-type compounds in the root of Cynanchum atratum, an oriental medicinal herb that has been shown to have antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. Although CF has been isolated as a component in Cynanchum atratum, the scientific role of CF has not yet been explored. In this study, we evaluated the effect of CF on AD and revealed the mechanism using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. CF significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced protein expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which are important proinflammatory mediators in the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. CF did not inhibit the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling activated by LPS but significantly reduced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK. CF consistently inhibited the activity of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, a downstream molecule of MAPK signaling. In addition, in an experiment using an oxazolone-induced AD mouse model, the CF-treated group showed a marked decrease in epidermal thickness, the number of infiltrated mast cells, and the amount of histamine. The mRNA levels of IL-1β, interleukin-4 (IL-4), and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were consistently lowered in the group treated with CF. Moreover, the phosphorylation of c-Jun and c-Fos protein levels, which are the AP-1 components, were lowered in the skin tissues of CF-treated mice. These results provide the first evidence that CF has an inhibitory effect on AD and suggest the possibility of CF being developed as a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Melissa Duarte Fleitas
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Seon Sook Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | | | - Su Ryeon Seo
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-8541; Fax: +82-33-241-4627
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Kim SS, Kim NK, Seo SR. Cynanchi atrati and Its Phenolic Constituent Sinapic Acid Target Regulator of Calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) to Control Skin Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020205. [PMID: 35204088 PMCID: PMC8868251 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disorder, and numerous pharmacological approaches are employed to reduce symptoms. Natural products of plant-derived materials have been accepted as complementary therapy for the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory diseases. Cynanchi atrati (CA) is an oriental medicinal herb used in the treatment of acute urinary infection, febrile diseases, and laryngopharyngitis. However, the role of CA root extract in skin inflammation such as AD has not been explored yet. In this study, we examined the possible effect of CA root extract on skin inflammation and evaluated the underlying signaling mechanism using in vitro and in vivo modeling systems. Raw264.7 macrophages were used for in vitro experiments, and an oxazolone-induced AD mouse model was used to evaluate in vivo effects. CA extract significantly inhibited the expression levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in RAW264.7 macrophages. The CA root extract mediated suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and was associated with the decreased nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) gene transcriptional activation. Moreover, CA root extract attenuated the in vivo expression of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and ear swelling in the AD mouse models. We also observed that the inhibitory effect of CA root extract on skin inflammation was accompanied by the upregulation of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) expression, which functions in the inflammatory pathways by suppressing NF-κB signaling. We consistently observed that the immunosuppressive effect of CA root extract in AD was significantly perturbed in the RCAN1 knockout mice. In addition, we isolated a phenolic acid compound, sinapic acid (SA), from the CA root extract and found that SA consistently exerted an immunosuppressive effect in RAW264.7 macrophages by inducing RCAN1 expression. Our results provide the first evidence that CA root extract and its phenolic acid constituent, SA, modulate NF-κB signaling pathways by inducing RCAN1 expression in the skin inflammation process. Thus, we suggest that CA root extract has a therapeutic value for the treatment of AD by targeting endogenous immune regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Sook Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
- Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | | | - Su Ryeon Seo
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
- Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-8541; Fax: +82-33-241-4627
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Shi Y, Ye D, Huang R, Xu Y, Lu P, Chen H, Huang J. Down Syndrome Critical Region 1 Reduces Oxidative Stress-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cells Apoptosis via CREB-Bcl-2 Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:23. [PMID: 33104163 PMCID: PMC7594594 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.12.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Irreversible retina ganglion cell (RGC) loss is a key process during glaucoma progression. Down syndrome critical region 1 (DSCR1) has been shown to have protective effects against neuronal death. In this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of DSCR1 on RGCs. Methods DBA/2J mice and optic nerve crush (ONC) rat model were used for vivo assays. Oxidative stress model of primary RGCs was carried out with in vitro transduction. DSCR1 protein localization was assessed by immunofluorescence. Differential protein expression was validated by Western blot, and gene expression was detected by real-time PCR. TUNEL was used to identify cell apoptosis, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide was used to analyze cell viability. Results Significant upregulation of DSCR1 was observed in DBA/2J mice, ONC rat model, and RGCs treated with H2O2, reaching peaks at the age of 6 months in DBA/2J mice, 5 days after ONC in rats, and 24 hours after H2O2 treatment in RGCs, respectively. DSCR1 was shown to be expressed in the ganglion cell layer. In vitro, overexpressed DSCR1 significantly promoted phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression, and RGC survival rate while reducing cleaved caspase 3 expression in H2O2-treated RGCs. On the other hand, the opposite effects were shown after knockdown of DSCR1. In addition, silencing of CREB inhibited expression of DSCR1. Conclusions Our results suggested that DSCR1 might protect the RGCs against oxidative stress via the CREB–Bcl-2 pathway, which may provide a theoretical basis for future treatments of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Thiel G, Schmidt T, Rössler OG. Ca 2+ Microdomains, Calcineurin and the Regulation of Gene Transcription. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040875. [PMID: 33921430 PMCID: PMC8068893 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ ions function as second messengers regulating many intracellular events, including neurotransmitter release, exocytosis, muscle contraction, metabolism and gene transcription. Cells of a multicellular organism express a variety of cell-surface receptors and channels that trigger an increase of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration upon stimulation. The elevated Ca2+ concentration is not uniformly distributed within the cytoplasm but is organized in subcellular microdomains with high and low concentrations of Ca2+ at different locations in the cell. Ca2+ ions are stored and released by intracellular organelles that change the concentration and distribution of Ca2+ ions. A major function of the rise in intracellular Ca2+ is the change of the genetic expression pattern of the cell via the activation of Ca2+-responsive transcription factors. It has been proposed that Ca2+-responsive transcription factors are differently affected by a rise in cytoplasmic versus nuclear Ca2+. Moreover, it has been suggested that the mode of entry determines whether an influx of Ca2+ leads to the stimulation of gene transcription. A rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ induces an intracellular signaling cascade, involving the activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin and various protein kinases (protein kinase C, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases). In this review article, we discuss the concept of gene regulation via elevated Ca2+ concentration in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, the role of Ca2+ entry and the role of enzymes as signal transducers. We give particular emphasis to the regulation of gene transcription by calcineurin, linking protein dephosphorylation with Ca2+ signaling and gene expression.
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7
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Zhao Y, Kang X, Gao F, Guzman A, Lau RP, Biniwale R, Wadehra M, Reemtsen B, Garg M, Halnon N, Quintero-Rivera F, Van Arsdell G, Coppola G, Nelson SF, Touma M. Gene-environment regulatory circuits of right ventricular pathology in tetralogy of fallot. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1711-1722. [PMID: 31834445 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic spectrum of congenital heart defects (CHDs) is contributed by both genetic and environmental factors. Their interactions are profoundly heterogeneous but may operate on common pathways as in the case of hypoxia signaling during postnatal heart development in the context of CHDs. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic (hypoxemic) CHD. However, how the hypoxic environment contributes to TOF pathogenesis after birth is poorly understood. We performed Genome-wide transcriptome analysis on right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT) specimens from cyanotic and noncyanotic TOF. Co-expression network analysis identified gene modules specifically associated with clinical diagnosis and hypoxemia status in the TOF hearts. In particular, hypoxia-dependent induction of myocyte proliferation is associated with E2F1-mediated cell cycle regulation and repression of the WNT11-RB1 axis. Genes enriched in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibrosis, and sarcomere were also repressed in cyanotic TOF patients. Importantly, transcription factor analysis of the hypoxia-regulated modules suggested CREB1 as a putative regulator of hypoxia/WNT11-RB1 circuit. The study provides a high-resolution landscape of transcriptome programming associated with TOF phenotypes and unveiled hypoxia-induced regulatory circuit in cyanotic TOF. Hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte proliferation involves negative modulation of CREB1 activity upstream of the WNT11-RB1 axis. KEY MESSAGES: Genetic and environmental factors contribute to congenital heart defects (CHDs). How hypoxia contributes to Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) pathogenesis after birth is unclear. Systems biology-based analysis revealed distinct molecular signature in CHDs. Gene expression modules specifically associated with cyanotic TOF were uncovered. Key regulatory circuits induced by hypoxia in TOF pathogenesis after birth were unveiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, MDCC-B2-375, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Neonatal/Congenital Heart Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xuedong Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, MDCC-B2-375, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Neonatal/Congenital Heart Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fuying Gao
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alejandra Guzman
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, MDCC-B2-375, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ryan P Lau
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reshma Biniwale
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian Reemtsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meena Garg
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, MDCC-B2-375, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nancy Halnon
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, MDCC-B2-375, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Fabiola Quintero-Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Glen Van Arsdell
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, MDCC-B2-375, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Institute of Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marlin Touma
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, MDCC-B2-375, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Neonatal/Congenital Heart Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Institute of Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Eli and Edythe Stem Cell Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Pang Z, Junkins RD, Raudonis R, MacNeil AJ, McCormick C, Cheng Z, Lin TJ. Regulator of calcineurin 1 differentially regulates TLR-dependent MyD88 and TRIF signaling pathways. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197491. [PMID: 29799862 PMCID: PMC5969770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize the conserved molecular patterns in microorganisms and trigger myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) and/or TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) pathways that are critical for host defense against microbial infection. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern TLR signaling remain incompletely understood. Regulator of calcineurin-1 (RCAN1), a small evolutionarily conserved protein that inhibits calcineurin phosphatase activity, suppresses inflammation during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Here, we define the roles for RCAN1 in P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated TLR4 signaling. We compared the effects of P. aeruginosa LPS challenge on bone marrow-derived macrophages from both wild-type and RCAN1-deficient mice and found that RCAN1 deficiency increased the MyD88-NF-κB-mediated cytokine production (IL-6, TNF and MIP-2), whereas TRIF-interferon-stimulated response elements (ISRE)-mediated cytokine production (IFNβ, RANTES and IP-10) was suppressed. RCAN1 deficiency caused increased IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB activity in the MyD88-dependent pathway, but impaired ISRE activation and reduced IRF7 expression in the TRIF-dependent pathway. Complementary studies of a mouse model of P. aeruginosa LPS-induced acute pneumonia confirmed that RCAN1-deficient mice displayed greatly enhanced NF-κB activity and MyD88-NF-κB-mediated cytokine production, which correlated with enhanced pulmonary infiltration of neutrophils. By contrast, RCAN1 deficiency had little effect on the TRIF pathway in vivo. These findings demonstrate a novel regulatory role of RCAN1 in TLR signaling, which differentially regulates MyD88 and TRIF pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Pang
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert D. Junkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Renee Raudonis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Adam J. MacNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Craig McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tong-Jun Lin
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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9
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High-Amplitude Circadian Rhythms in Drosophila Driven by Calcineurin-Mediated Post-translational Control of sarah. Genetics 2018; 209:815-828. [PMID: 29724861 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.300808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational control is a crucial mechanism for circadian timekeeping. Evolutionarily conserved kinases and phosphatases have been implicated in circadian phosphorylation and the degradation of clock-relevant proteins, which sustain high-amplitude rhythms with 24-hr periodicity in animal behaviors and physiology. Here, we report a novel clock function of the heterodimeric Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin and its regulator sarah (sra) in Drosophila Genomic deletion of the sra locus dampened circadian locomotor activity rhythms in free-running constant dark after entrainment in light-dark cycles. Poor rhythms in sra mutant behaviors were accompanied by lower expression of two oscillating clock proteins, PERIOD (PER) and TIMELESS (TIM), at the post-transcriptional level. RNA interference-mediated sra depletion in circadian pacemaker neurons was sufficient to phenocopy loss-of-function mutation in sra On the other hand, a constitutively active form of the catalytic calcineurin subunit, Pp2B-14DACT, shortened circadian periodicity in locomotor behaviors and phase-advanced PER and TIM rhythms when overexpressed in clock neurons. Heterozygous sra deletion induced behavioral arrhythmicity in Pp2B-14DACT flies, whereas sra overexpression rescued short periods in these animals. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of calcineurin in either wild-type flies or clock-less S2 cells decreased the levels of PER and TIM, likely by facilitating their proteasomal degradation. Taken together, these data suggest that sra negatively regulates calcineurin by cell-autonomously titrating calcineurin-dependent stabilization of PER and TIM proteins, thereby sustaining high-amplitude behavioral rhythms in Drosophila.
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RCAN1 Mutation and Functional Characterization in Children with Sporadic Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:226-235. [PMID: 28993896 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent birth defect. RCAN1 (regulator of calcineurin 1) contributes to CHD in Down syndrome. However, whether RCAN1 is also associated with nonsyndromic CHD remains unclear. This study sequenced the exons and flanking region of RCAN1 in 128 sporadic CHD patients and 150 normal controls. We identified six novel heterozygous mutations in CHD patients. Functional assay showed that the g.482G>T could obviously raise the promoter activity of RCAN1.4 in vitro; However, we failed to detect the expression of RCAN1 in the right auricle, which made it confused to evaluate the pathogenicity of this mutation. In addition, we demonstrated that c.290T>C and g.1056+58C>A had no effect on the alternative splicing of RCAN1. The *196C>T, *790G>A, and *1278C>G did not influence the translation of RCAN1 post transcription. In conclusion, a novel mutation of g.482G>T in RCAN1 may be related to CHD by causing overexpression of RCAN1.4.
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11
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Fu Q, Wu Y. RCAN1 in the inverse association between Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:54-66. [PMID: 29416595 PMCID: PMC5787488 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The inverse association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cancer has been reported in several population-based studies although both of them are age-related disorders. However, molecular mechanisms of the inverse association remain elusive. Increased expression of regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) promotes the pathogenesis of AD, while it suppresses cancer growth and progression in many types of cancer. Moreover, aberrant RCAN1 expression is detected in both AD and various types of cancer. It suggests that RCAN1 may play a key role in the inverse association between AD and cancer. In this article, we aim to review the role of RCAN1 in the inverse association and discuss underlying mechanisms, providing an insight into developing a novel approach to treat AD and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining, Shandong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining, Shandong, China
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12
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Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) inhibits inflammatory signaling via expression of regulator of calcineurin activity 1 (RCAN1). Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 143:107-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Ballesteros-Martinez C, Mendez-Barbero N, Montalvo-Yuste A, Jensen BM, Gomez-Cardenosa A, Klitfod L, Garrido-Arandia M, Alvarez-Llamas G, Pastor-Vargas C, Vivanco F, Garvey LH, Cuesta-Herranz J, Poulsen LK, Esteban V. Endothelial Regulator of Calcineurin 1 Promotes Barrier Integrity and Modulates Histamine-Induced Barrier Dysfunction in Anaphylaxis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1323. [PMID: 29104573 PMCID: PMC5655011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaphylaxis, the most serious and life-threatening allergic reaction, produces the release of inflammatory mediators by mast cells and basophils. Regulator of calcineurin 1 (Rcan1) is a negative regulator of mast-cell degranulation. The action of mediators leads to vasodilation and an increase in vascular permeability, causing great loss of intravascular volume in a short time. Nevertheless, the molecular basis remains unexplored on the vascular level. We investigated Rcan1 expression induced by histamine, platelet-activating factor (PAF), and epinephrine in primary human vein (HV)-/artery (HA)-derived endothelial cells (ECs) and human dermal microvascular ECs (HMVEC-D). Vascular permeability was analyzed in vitro in human ECs with forced Rcan1 expression using Transwell migration assays and in vivo using Rcan1 knockout mice. Histamine, but neither PAF nor epinephrine, induced Rcan1-4 mRNA and protein expression in primary HV-ECs, HA-ECs, and HMVEC-D through histamine receptor 1 (H1R). These effects were prevented by pharmacological inhibition of calcineurin with cyclosporine A. Moreover, intravenous histamine administration increased Rcan1 expression in lung tissues of mice undergoing experimental anaphylaxis. Functional in vitro assays showed that overexpression of Rcan1 promotes barrier integrity, suggesting a role played by this molecule in vascular permeability. Consistent with these findings, in vivo models of subcutaneous and intravenous histamine-mediated fluid extravasation showed increased response in skin, aorta, and lungs of Rcan1-deficient mice compared with wild-type animals. These findings reveal that endothelial Rcan1 is synthesized in response to histamine through a calcineurin-sensitive pathway and may reduce barrier breakdown, thus contributing to the strengthening of the endothelium and resistance to anaphylaxis. These new insights underscore its potential role as a regulator of sensitivity to anaphylaxis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nerea Mendez-Barbero
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alma Montalvo-Yuste
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bettina M Jensen
- Allergy Clinic, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | | | - Lotte Klitfod
- Surgery Department, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - María Garrido-Arandia
- Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Alvarez-Llamas
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Pastor-Vargas
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Vivanco
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lene Heise Garvey
- Allergy Clinic, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Javier Cuesta-Herranz
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Allergy, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lars K Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Vanesa Esteban
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Allergy Clinic, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
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14
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Han KA, Yoo L, Sung JY, Chung SA, Um JW, Kim H, Seol W, Chung KC. Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) Stimulates IL-1β-Mediated Inflammatory Signaling through Phosphorylation of RCAN1. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:125. [PMID: 28553204 PMCID: PMC5425608 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a Ser/Thr kinase having mixed lineage kinase-like and GTPase domains, controlling neurite outgrowth and neuronal cell death. Evidence suggests that LRRK2 is involved in innate immune response signaling, but the underlying mechanism is yet unknown. A novel protein inhibitor of phosphatase 3B, RCAN1, is known to positively regulate inflammatory signaling through modulation of several intracellular targets of interleukins in immune cells. In the present study, we report that LRRK2 phosphorylates RCAN1 (RCAN1-1S) and is markedly up-regulated during interleukin-1β (IL-1β) treatment. During IL-1β treatment, LRRK2-mediated phosphorylation of RCAN1 promoted the formation of protein complexes, including that between Tollip and RCAN1. LRRK2 decreased binding between Tollip and IRAK1, which was accompanied by increased formation of the IRAK1-TRAF6 complex. TAK1 activity was significantly enhanced by LRRK2. Furthermore, LRRK2 enhanced transcriptional activity of NF-κB and cytokine IL-8 production. These findings suggest that LRRK2 might be important in positively modulating IL-1β-mediated signaling through selective phosphorylation of RCAN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung A Han
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Lang Yoo
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Y Sung
- Center for Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer CenterGoyang-si, South Korea
| | - Sun A Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Ji W Um
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Wongi Seol
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang UniversityGunpo-si, South Korea
| | - Kwang C Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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15
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Li W, Bell HW, Ahnn J, Lee SK. Regulator of Calcineurin (RCAN-1) Regulates Thermotaxis Behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3457-3468. [PMID: 26232604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulator of calcineurin (RCAN) is a calcineurin-interacting protein that inhibits calcineurin phosphatase when overexpressed, often upregulated under neuropathological conditions with impaired learning and memory processes, such as Down syndrome or Alzheimer's disease. Thermotactic behavior in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a form of memory in which calcineurin signaling plays a pivotal role in the thermosensation of AFD neurons. In this study, we found that rcan-1 deletion mutants exhibited cryophilic behavior dependent on tax-6, which was rescued by expressing rcan-1 in AFD neurons. Interaction between RCAN-1 and TAX-6 requires the conserved PxIxIT motif of RCAN-1, without which thermotactic behavior could not be fully rescued. In addition, the loss of crh-1/CREB suppressed the thermotaxis phenotypes of rcan-1 and tax-6 mutants, indicating that crh-1 is crucial in thermotaxis memory in these mutants. Taken together, our results suggest that rcan-1 is an inhibitory regulator of tax-6 and that it acts in the formation of thermosensory behavioral memory in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixun Li
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; BK21 PLUS Life Science for Bio-Defense Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Harold W Bell
- National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA; Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Joohong Ahnn
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; BK21 PLUS Life Science for Bio-Defense Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; BK21 PLUS Life Science for Bio-Defense Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Liu Y, Kang D, Li C, Xu G, Tan Y, Wang J. Microarray‑based identification of nerve growth‑promoting genes in neurofibromatosis type I. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:192-6. [PMID: 24213587 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As a genetic disease, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is characterized by abnormalities in multiple tissues derived from the neural crest, including neoplasms in the ends of the limbs. The exact mechanism of nerve growth in NF1 is unclear. In the present study, the gene expression profile of nerves in healthy controls and NF1 patients with macrodactylia of the fingers or toes were analyzed in order to identify possible genes associated with nerve growth. The Whole Human Genome Microarray was selected to screen for different gene expression profiles, and the result was analyzed with Feature Extraction software. The target genes were verified at the transcriptional and translational levels by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. A common set of 28 genes were identified to be changed >5‑fold in the NF1 patients compared with the healthy controls. Among them, the metastasis‑associated genes, lymphocyte function‑associated antigen 1, C‑X‑C chemokine receptor type 4 and intracellular adhesion molecule 1, and the inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL‑6 and IL‑8, were downregulated significantly. Mainly genes that changed >10‑fold were analyzed in this study, and HOXC8 demonstrated activity in promoting nerve growth. Through the analysis of the mRNA expression of the nerves in the NF1 patients, target molecules contributing to nerve growth during NF1 development were investigated, which aided in improving our understanding of this disease, and may provide a novel direction for nerve repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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17
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Kim SS, Jang SA, Seo SR. CREB-mediated Bcl-2 expression contributes to RCAN1 protection from hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal death. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1115-23. [PMID: 23150431 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is located on the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) locus in human chromosome 21. In this study, we investigated the functional role of RCAN1 in the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated neuronal death signaling. We found that RCAN1 was able to protect the cells from H(2)O(2) -induced cytotoxicity. The expression of RCAN1 caused an inhibition of the H(2)O(2) -induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AP-1. In contrast, RCAN1 significantly enhanced the activity of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Furthermore, RCAN1 induced the expression of the CREB target gene, Bcl-2. Consistently, knockdown of endogenous RCAN1 using shRNA down regulated the phosphorylation of CREB and the expression of Bcl-2, which protects the cells from H(2)O(2) -induced cytotoxicity. Our data provide a new mechanism for the cytoprotective function of RCAN1 in response to oxidant-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Sook Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Hyoja-dong, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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18
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Solzak JP, Liang Y, Zhou FC, Roper RJ. Commonality in Down and fetal alcohol syndromes. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART A, CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY 2013; 97:187-97. [PMID: 23554291 PMCID: PMC4096968 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) are two leading causes of birth defects with phenotypes ranging from craniofacial abnormalities to cognitive impairment. Despite different origins, we report that in addition to sharing many phenotypes, DS and FAS may have common underlying mechanisms of development. METHODS Literature was surveyed for DS and FAS as well as mouse models. Gene expression and apoptosis were compared in embryonic mouse models of DS and FAS by qPCR, immunohistochemical and immunoflurorescence analyses. The craniometry was examined using MicroCT at postnatal day 21. RESULTS A literature survey revealed over 20 comparable craniofacial and structural deficits in both humans with DS and FAS and corresponding mouse models. Similar phenotypes were experimentally found in pre- and postnatal craniofacial and neurological tissues of DS and FAS mice. Dysregulation of two genes, Dyrk1a and Rcan1, key to craniofacial and neurological precursors of DS, was shared in craniofacial precursors of DS and FAS embryos. Increased cleaved caspase 3 expression was also discovered in comparable regions of the craniofacial and brain precursors of DS and FAS embryos. Further mechanistic studies suggested overexpression of trisomic Ttc3 in DS embyros may influence nuclear pAkt localization and cell survival. CONCLUSIONS This first and initial study indicates that DS and FAS share common dysmorphologies in humans and animal models. This work also suggests common mechanisms at cellular and molecular levels that are disrupted by trisomy or alcohol consumption during pregnancy and lead to craniofacial and neurological phenotypes associated with DS or FAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P. Solzak
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yun Liang
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Feng C. Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Randall J. Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) is a major therapeutic agent for the treatment of leukemia because of its ability to induce apoptosis in lymphoid cells. The mechanism causing apoptosis, however, is still controversial. Since the glucocorticoid receptor is a transcription factor, some of its target genes are expected to be implicated in apoptosis. In this study, using a GC-sensitive human pre-B leukemia cell line, Nalm-6, the FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) and regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) genes were disrupted by homologous recombination, since the expression of both is up-regulated by GC in GC-sensitive but not in GC-resistant leukemic cell lines. While the disruption of FKBP5 had a marginal effect on GC-induced apoptosis, that of RCAN1 resulted in marked resistance to GC. In addition, overexpression of RCAN1 rendered cells more sensitive to DEX. In RCAN1-disrupted cells, levels of some pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins were decreased and increased, respectively. Finally, phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and up-regulation of CREB target genes by GC were inhibited by RCAN1 disruption, and treatment with a cAMP-inducing agent, forskolin, restored the sensitivity to GC in RCAN1-disrupted Nalm-6 cells. These findings suggest that up-regulation of RCAN1 expression followed by activation of the CREB pathway is required in GC-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Nagao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yujiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Miyashita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- * E-mail:
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20
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Jeong W, Lim W, Kim J, Ahn SE, Lee HC, Jeong JW, Han JY, Song G, Bazer FW. Cell-specific and temporal aspects of gene expression in the chicken oviduct at different stages of the laying cycle. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:172. [PMID: 22423054 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.098186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Egg formation and embryonic development occur as the yolk passes through the magnum, isthmus, and shell gland of the oviduct before oviposition in hens. The present study identified candidate genes associated with secretory function of the chicken oviduct after ovulation and contributing to egg formation and oviposition. Hens (n = 5 per time point) were euthanized to recover the reproductive tract when the egg was in the magnum (3 h after ovulation) and the shell gland (20 h after ovulation). Total RNA was extracted from each segment of the oviducts and subjected to Affymetrix chicken GeneChip analysis. Quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization analyses of selected genes confirmed the validity of the gene expression patterns detected using microarray analysis. In particular, ACP1, CALB1, CYP26A1, PENK, RCAN1 and SPP1 expression increased significantly in the shell gland between 3 h and 20 h postovulation, whereas only RCNA1 expression increased significantly in the magnum between 3 h and 20 h postovulation. Results of the high-throughput analysis revealed cell-specific and temporal changes in gene expression in the oviduct at 3 h and 20 h postovulation in laying hens provide novel insight into changes at the molecular and cellular levels of candidate genes related to formation of the egg and oviposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooyoung Jeong
- World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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