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Liang X, Zhao H, Du J, Li X, Li K, Zhao Z, Bi W, Zhang X, Yu D, Zhang J, Fang H, Hou X. Discovery of benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid derivatives as lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP) inhibitors for cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115599. [PMID: 37399712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoid-tyrosine phosphatase (LYP) is mainly expressed in the immune system and plays an important role in the T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway and tumor immunity. Herein, we identify benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid as a potent pTyr mimic and design a new series of new LYP inhibitors. The most active compound, D34 and D14, reversibly inhibits LYP (Ki = 0.93 μM and 1.34 μM) and possess a certain degree of selectivity toward other phosphatases. Meanwhile, D34 and D14 regulate the TCR signaling by specifically inhibiting LYP. In particular, D34 and D14 significantly suppress tumor growth in an MC38 syngeneic mouse model by boosting antitumor immunity, including activation of T-cell and inhibition of M2 macrophage polarization. Moreover, treatment of D34 or D14 upregulate PD-1/PD-L1 expression, which can be leveraged with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition to augment immunotherapy. In summary, our study demonstrates the feasibility of targeting LYP for cancer immunotherapy and provides new lead compounds for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Pharmaeutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Pro ducts (MOE), Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Pharmaeutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jintong Du
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Pharmaeutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Kangshuai Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zhongcheng Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Pharmaeutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wenchao Bi
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Pro ducts (MOE), Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Pharmaeutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Pharmaeutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Dian Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Pharmaeutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Pro ducts (MOE), Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Pharmaeutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Pharmaeutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xuben Hou
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Pharmaeutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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2
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Jassim BA, Lin J, Zhang ZY. PTPN22: Structure, Function, and Developments in Inhibitor Discovery with Applications for Immunotherapy. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:825-837. [PMID: 35637605 PMCID: PMC9378720 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2084607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While immunotherapy strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibition and adoptive T cell therapy have become commonplace in cancer therapy, they suffer from limitations, including lack of patient response and toxicity. To wield the maximum potential of the immune system, cancer immunotherapy must integrate novel targets and therapeutic strategies with potential to augment clinical efficacy of currently utilized immunotherapies. PTPN22, a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) superfamily that downregulates T cell signaling and proliferation, has recently emerged as a systemically druggable and novel immunotherapy target. AREAS COVERED This review describes the basics of PTPN22 structure and function and provides comprehensive insight into recent advances in small molecule PTPN22 inhibitor development and the immense potential of PTPN22 inhibition to synergize with current immunotherapies. EXPERT OPINION It is apparent that small molecule PTPN22 inhibitors have enormous potential to augment efficacy of current immunotherapy strategies such as checkpoint inhibition and adoptive cell transfer. Nevertheless, several constraints must be overcome before these inhibitors can be applied as useful therapeutics, namely selectivity, potency, and in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenson A Jassim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette
| | - Jianping Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette
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3
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Xu YF, Chen X, Yang Z, Xiao P, Liu CH, Li KS, Yang XZ, Wang YJ, Zhu ZL, Xu ZG, Zhang S, Wang C, Song YC, Zhao WD, Wang CH, Ji ZL, Zhang ZY, Cui M, Sun JP, Yu X. PTP-MEG2 regulates quantal size and fusion pore opening through two distinct structural bases and substrates. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52141. [PMID: 33764618 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation of secretion machinery proteins is a crucial regulatory mechanism for exocytosis. However, the participation of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in different exocytosis stages has not been defined. Here we demonstrate that PTP-MEG2 controls multiple steps of catecholamine secretion. Biochemical and crystallographic analyses reveal key residues that govern the interaction between PTP-MEG2 and its substrate, a peptide containing the phosphorylated NSF-pY83 site, specify PTP-MEG2 substrate selectivity, and modulate the fusion of catecholamine-containing vesicles. Unexpectedly, delineation of PTP-MEG2 mutants along with the NSF binding interface reveals that PTP-MEG2 controls the fusion pore opening through NSF independent mechanisms. Utilizing bioinformatics search and biochemical and electrochemical screening approaches, we uncover that PTP-MEG2 regulates the opening and extension of the fusion pore by dephosphorylating the DYNAMIN2-pY125 and MUNC18-1-pY145 sites. Further structural and biochemical analyses confirmed the interaction of PTP-MEG2 with MUNC18-1-pY145 or DYNAMIN2-pY125 through a distinct structural basis compared with that of the NSF-pY83 site. Our studies thus provide mechanistic insights in complex exocytosis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chun-Hua Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Kang-Shuai Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi-Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - You-Chen Song
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei-Dong Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang-He Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Min Cui
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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Dissecting the sequence determinants for dephosphorylation by the catalytic subunits of phosphatases PP1 and PP2A. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3583. [PMID: 32681005 PMCID: PMC7367873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatases PP1 and PP2A are responsible for the majority of dephosphorylation reactions on phosphoserine (pSer) and phosphothreonine (pThr), and are involved in virtually all cellular processes and numerous diseases. The catalytic subunits exist in cells in form of holoenzymes, which impart substrate specificity. The contribution of the catalytic subunits to the recognition of substrates is unclear. By developing a phosphopeptide library approach and a phosphoproteomic assay, we demonstrate that the specificity of PP1 and PP2A holoenzymes towards pThr and of PP1 for basic motifs adjacent to the phosphorylation site are due to intrinsic properties of the catalytic subunits. Thus, we dissect this amino acid specificity of the catalytic subunits from the contribution of regulatory proteins. Furthermore, our approach enables discovering a role for PP1 as regulator of the GRB-associated-binding protein 2 (GAB2)/14-3-3 complex. Beyond this, we expect that this approach is broadly applicable to detect enzyme-substrate recognition preferences. The substrate specificity of phosphoprotein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A depends on their catalytic and regulatory subunits. Using proteomics approaches, the authors here provide insights into the sequence specificity of the catalytic subunits and their distinct contributions to PP1 and PP2A selectivity.
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5
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Li K, Hou X, Li R, Bi W, Yang F, Chen X, Xiao P, Liu T, Lu T, Zhou Y, Tian Z, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Fang H, Sun J, Yu X. Identification and structure-function analyses of an allosteric inhibitor of the tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8653-8663. [PMID: 30979725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) is a lymphoid-specific tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), and mutations in the PTPN22 gene are highly correlated with a spectrum of autoimmune diseases. However, compounds and mechanisms that specifically inhibit LYP enzymes to address therapeutic needs to manage these diseases remain to be discovered. Here, we conducted a similarity search of a commercial database for PTPN22 inhibitors and identified several LYP inhibitor scaffolds, which helped identify one highly active inhibitor, NC1. Using noncompetitive inhibition curve and phosphatase assays, we determined NC1's inhibition mode toward PTPN22 and its selectivity toward a panel of phosphatases. We found that NC1 is a noncompetitive LYP inhibitor and observed that it exhibits selectivity against other protein phosphatases and effectively inhibits LYP activity in lymphoid T cells and modulates T-cell receptor signaling. Results from site-directed mutagenesis, fragment-centric topographic mapping, and molecular dynamics simulation experiments suggested that NC1, unlike other known LYP inhibitors, concurrently binds to a "WPD" pocket and a second pocket surrounded by an LYP-specific insert, which contributes to its selectivity against other phosphatases. Moreover, using a newly developed method to incorporate the unnatural amino acid 2-fluorine-tyrosine and 19F NMR spectroscopy, we provide direct evidence that NC1 allosterically regulates LYP activity by restricting WPD-loop movement. In conclusion, our approach has identified a new allosteric binding site in LYP useful for selective LYP inhibitor development; we propose that the 19F NMR probe developed here may also be useful for characterizing allosteric inhibitors of other tyrosine phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangshuai Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xuben Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Ruirui Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Wenxiang Bi
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tiange Lu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhaomei Tian
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuemao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yingkai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003; NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jiangyun Wang
- Laboratory of Quantum Biophysics and Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Li M, Beauchemin H, Popovic N, Peterson A, d'Hennezel E, Piccirillo CA, Sun C, Polychronakos C. The common, autoimmunity-predisposing 620Arg > Trp variant of PTPN22 modulates macrophage function and morphology. J Autoimmun 2017; 79:74-83. [PMID: 28237724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The C1858T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in PTPN22 (protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22) leads to the 620 Arg to Trp polymorphism in its encoded human protein LYP. This allelic variant is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To study how this polymorphism influences the immune system, we generated a mouse strain with a knock-in of the Trp allele, imitating the human disease-associated variant. We did not find significant difference between the polymorphic and the wild type mice on the proportion of total CD4 T cell, CD8 T cell, NK cell, memory T lymphocyte, macrophage, dendritic cells in both peripheral lymph nodes and spleen. However, macrophages from Trp/Trp mice showed altered morphology and enhanced function, including higher expression of MHCII and B7 molecules and increased phagocytic ability, which further leads to a higher T-cell activation by specific antigen. Our model shows no alteration in immune cell profile by the Trp allele, but brings up macrophages as an important player to consider in explaining the PTPN22 Trp allele effect on autoimmune disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Child Health and Human Development Program, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Hugues Beauchemin
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Child Health and Human Development Program, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Natalija Popovic
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Child Health and Human Development Program, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Alan Peterson
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Eva d'Hennezel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada; Translational Immunology Unit, Program in Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada; Translational Immunology Unit, Program in Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Child Health and Human Development Program, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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7
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Li H, Yang F, Liu C, Xiao P, Xu Y, Liang Z, Liu C, Wang H, Wang W, Zheng W, Zhang W, Ma X, He D, Song X, Cui F, Xu Z, Yi F, Sun JP, Yu X. Crystal Structure and Substrate Specificity of PTPN12. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1345-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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8
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Chen KE, Li MY, Chou CC, Ho MR, Chen GC, Meng TC, Wang AJ. Substrate Specificity and Plasticity of FERM-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases. Structure 2015; 23:653-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Hou X, Li R, Li K, Yu X, Sun JP, Fang H. Fast Identification of Novel Lymphoid Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitors Using Target–Ligand Interaction-Based Virtual Screening. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9309-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500692u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuben Hou
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural
Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key
Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Kangshuai Li
- Department
of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department
of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Key
Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural
Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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10
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Wang HM, Xu YF, Ning SL, Yang DX, Li Y, Du YJ, Yang F, Zhang Y, Liang N, Yao W, Zhang LL, Gu LC, Gao CJ, Pang Q, Chen YX, Xiao KH, Ma R, Yu X, Sun JP. The catalytic region and PEST domain of PTPN18 distinctly regulate the HER2 phosphorylation and ubiquitination barcodes. Cell Res 2014; 24:1067-90. [PMID: 25081058 PMCID: PMC4152746 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine phosphorylation barcode encoded in C-terminus of HER2 and its ubiquitination regulate diverse HER2 functions. PTPN18 was reported as a HER2 phosphatase; however, the exact mechanism by which it defines HER2 signaling is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that PTPN18 regulates HER2-mediated cellular functions through defining both its phosphorylation and ubiquitination barcodes. Enzymologic characterization and three crystal structures of PTPN18 in complex with HER2 phospho-peptides revealed the molecular basis for the recognition between PTPN18 and specific HER2 phosphorylation sites, which assumes two distinct conformations. Unique structural properties of PTPN18 contribute to the regulation of sub-cellular phosphorylation networks downstream of HER2, which are required for inhibition of HER2-mediated cell growth and migration. Whereas the catalytic domain of PTPN18 blocks lysosomal routing and delays the degradation of HER2 by dephosphorylation of HER2 on pY(1112), the PEST domain of PTPN18 promotes K48-linked HER2 ubiquitination and its rapid destruction via the proteasome pathway and an HER2 negative feedback loop. In agreement with the negative regulatory role of PTPN18 in HER2 signaling, the HER2/PTPN18 ratio was correlated with breast cancer stage. Taken together, our study presents a structural basis for selective HER2 dephosphorylation, a previously uncharacterized mechanism for HER2 degradation and a novel function for the PTPN18 PEST domain. The new regulatory role of the PEST domain in the ubiquitination pathway will broaden our understanding of the functions of other important PEST domain-containing phosphatases, such as LYP and PTPN12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Wang
- 1] Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China [2] Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yun-Fei Xu
- 1] Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China [2] Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shang-Lei Ning
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Du-Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yi Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yu-Jie Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Nan Liang
- 1] Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China [2] Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ling-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Li-Chuan Gu
- Shandong University, School of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Cheng-Jiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qi Pang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yu-Xin Chen
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Kun-Hong Xiao
- Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, 27705, USA
| | - Rong Ma
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- 1] Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China [2] Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China [3] Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- 1] Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China [2] Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
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11
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Stanford SM, Ahmed V, Barrios AM, Bottini N. Cellular biochemistry methods for investigating protein tyrosine phosphatases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2160-78. [PMID: 24294920 PMCID: PMC3995294 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a family of proteins that play critical roles in cellular signaling and influence many aspects of human health and disease. Although a wealth of information has been collected about PTPs since their discovery, many questions regarding their regulation and function still remain. CRITICAL ISSUES Of particular importance are the elucidation of the biological substrates of individual PTPs and understanding of the chemical and biological basis for temporal and spatial resolution of PTP activity within a cell. RECENT ADVANCES Drawing from recent advances in both biology and chemistry, innovative approaches have been developed to study the intracellular biochemistry and physiology of PTPs. We provide a summary of PTP-tailored techniques and approaches, emphasizing methodologies to study PTP activity within a cellular context. We first provide a discussion of methods for identifying PTP substrates, including substrate-trapping mutants and synthetic peptide libraries for substrate selectivity profiling. We next provide an overview of approaches for monitoring intracellular PTP activity, including a discussion of mechanistic-based probes, gel-based assays, substrates that can be used intracellularly, and assays tied to cell growth. Finally, we review approaches used for monitoring PTP oxidation, a key regulatory pathway for these enzymes, discussing the biotin switch method and variants of this approach, along with affinity trapping techniques and probes designed to detect PTP oxidation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further development of approaches to investigate the intracellular PTP activity and functions will provide specific insight into their mechanisms of action and control of diverse signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Stanford
- 1 Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla, California
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12
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Pan C, Liu HD, Gong Z, Yu X, Hou XB, Xie DD, Zhu XB, Li HW, Tang JY, Xu YF, Yu JQ, Zhang LY, Fang H, Xiao KH, Chen YG, Wang JY, Pang Q, Chen W, Sun JP. Cadmium is a potent inhibitor of PPM phosphatases and targets the M1 binding site. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2333. [PMID: 23903585 PMCID: PMC3730172 DOI: 10.1038/srep02333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium is a non-degradable pollutant. By screening the effects of a panel of metal ions on the phosphatase activity, we unexpectedly identified cadmium as a potent inhibitor of PPM1A and PPM1G. In contrast, low micromolar concentrations of cadmium did not inhibit PP1 or tyrosine phosphatases. Kinetic studies revealed that cadmium inhibits PPM phosphatases through the M1 metal ion binding site. In particular, the negative charged D441 in PPM1G specific recognized cadmium. Our results suggest that cadmium is likely a potent inhibitor of most PPM family members except for PHLPPs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that cadmium inhibits PPM1A-regulated MAPK signaling and PPM1G-regulated AKT signaling potently in vivo. Cadmium reversed PPM1A-induced cell cycle arrest and cadmium insensitive PPM1A mutant rescued cadmium induced cell death. Taken together, these findings provide a better understanding of the effects of the toxicity of cadmium in the contexts of human physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Pan
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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13
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Selner NG, Luechapanichkul R, Chen X, Neel BG, Zhang ZY, Knapp S, Bell CE, Pei D. Diverse levels of sequence selectivity and catalytic efficiency of protein-tyrosine phosphatases. Biochemistry 2014; 53:397-412. [PMID: 24359314 PMCID: PMC3954597 DOI: 10.1021/bi401223r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The sequence selectivity of 14 classical protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) (PTPRA, PTPRB, PTPRC, PTPRD, PTPRO, PTP1B, SHP-1, SHP-2, HePTP, PTP-PEST, TCPTP, PTPH1, PTPD1, and PTPD2) was systematically profiled by screening their catalytic domains against combinatorial peptide libraries. All of the PTPs exhibit similar preference for pY peptides rich in acidic amino acids and disfavor positively charged sequences but differ vastly in their degrees of preference/disfavor. Some PTPs (PTP-PEST, SHP-1, and SHP-2) are highly selective for acidic over basic (or neutral) peptides (by >10(5)-fold), whereas others (PTPRA and PTPRD) show no to little sequence selectivity. PTPs also have diverse intrinsic catalytic efficiencies (kcat/KM values against optimal substrates), which differ by >10(5)-fold due to different kcat and/or KM values. Moreover, PTPs show little positional preference for the acidic residues relative to the pY residue. Mutation of Arg47 of PTP1B, which is located near the pY-1 and pY-2 residues of a bound substrate, decreased the enzymatic activity by 3-18-fold toward all pY substrates containing acidic residues anywhere within the pY-6 to pY+5 region. Similarly, mutation of Arg24, which is situated near the C-terminus of a bound substrate, adversely affected the kinetic activity of all acidic substrates. A cocrystal structure of PTP1B bound with a nephrin pY(1193) peptide suggests that Arg24 engages in electrostatic interactions with acidic residues at the pY+1, pY+2, and likely other positions. These results suggest that long-range electrostatic interactions between positively charged residues near the PTP active site and acidic residues on pY substrates allow a PTP to bind acidic substrates with similar affinities, and the varying levels of preference for acidic sequences by different PTPs are likely caused by the different electrostatic potentials near their active sites. The implications of the varying sequence selectivity and intrinsic catalytic activities with respect to PTP in vivo substrate specificity and biological functions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Selner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rinrada Luechapanichkul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xianwen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin G. Neel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Room 7-504, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charles E. Bell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Dehua Pei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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14
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Bottini N, Peterson EJ. Tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22: multifunctional regulator of immune signaling, development, and disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2013; 32:83-119. [PMID: 24364806 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inheritance of a coding variant of the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene is associated with increased susceptibility to autoimmunity and infection. Efforts to elucidate the mechanisms by which the PTPN22-C1858T variant modulates disease risk revealed that PTPN22 performs a signaling function in multiple biochemical pathways and cell types. Capable of both enzymatic activity and adaptor functions, PTPN22 modulates signaling through antigen and innate immune receptors. PTPN22 plays roles in lymphocyte development and activation, establishment of tolerance, and innate immune cell-mediated host defense and immunoregulation. The disease-associated PTPN22-R620W variant protein is likely involved in multiple stages of the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Establishment of a tolerant B cell repertoire is disrupted by PTPN22-R620W action during immature B cell selection, and PTPN22-R620W alters mature T cell responsiveness. However, after autoimmune attack has initiated tissue injury, PTPN22-R620W may foster inflammation through modulating the balance of myeloid cell-produced cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Bottini
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037;
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15
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Li R, Xie DD, Dong JH, Li H, Li KS, Su J, Chen LZ, Xu YF, Wang HM, Gong Z, Cui GY, Yu X, Wang K, Yao W, Xin T, Li MY, Xiao KH, An XF, Huo Y, Xu ZG, Sun JP, Pang Q. Molecular mechanism of ERK dephosphorylation by striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase. J Neurochem 2013; 128:315-329. [PMID: 24117863 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Striatal-enriched tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) is an important regulator of neuronal synaptic plasticity, and its abnormal level or activity contributes to cognitive disorders. One crucial downstream effector and direct substrate of STEP is extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), which has important functions in spine stabilisation and action potential transmission. The inhibition of STEP activity toward phospho-ERK has the potential to treat neuronal diseases, but the detailed mechanism underlying the dephosphorylation of phospho-ERK by STEP is not known. Therefore, we examined STEP activity toward para-nitrophenyl phosphate, phospho-tyrosine-containing peptides, and the full-length phospho-ERK protein using STEP mutants with different structural features. STEP was found to be a highly efficient ERK tyrosine phosphatase that required both its N-terminal regulatory region and key residues in its active site. Specifically, both kinase interaction motif (KIM) and kinase-specific sequence of STEP were required for ERK interaction. In addition to the N-terminal kinase-specific sequence region, S245, hydrophobic residues L249/L251, and basic residues R242/R243 located in the KIM region were important in controlling STEP activity toward phospho-ERK. Further kinetic experiments revealed subtle structural differences between STEP and HePTP that affected the interactions of their KIMs with ERK. Moreover, STEP recognised specific positions of a phospho-ERK peptide sequence through its active site, and the contact of STEP F311 with phospho-ERK V205 and T207 were crucial interactions. Taken together, our results not only provide the information for interactions between ERK and STEP, but will also help in the development of specific strategies to target STEP-ERK recognition, which could serve as a potential therapy for neurological disorders. Regulation of phospho-ERK by STEP underlies important neuronal activities. A detailed enzymologic characterisation and cellular studies of STEP revealed that specific residues in KIM and active site mediated ERK recognition. Structural differences between the KIM-ERK interfaces and the active site among different ERK phosphatases could be targeted to develop specific STEP inhibitor, which has therapeutic potential for neurological disorders. PKA, protein kinase A & NGF, nerve growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Di-Dong Xie
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jun-Hong Dong
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Weifang Medical University,Weifang, Shandong, 261042, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Kang-Shuai Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jing Su
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lai-Zhong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yun-Fei Xu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Hong-Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Weihai campus, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Guo-Ying Cui
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Tao Xin
- Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Min-Yong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Kun-Hong Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiao-Fei An
- Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China, 518055
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Zhi-Gang Xu
- Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong University, School of Life Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University, School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qi Pang
- Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial School Key laboratory for Protein Science of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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16
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Ayoub E, Hall A, Scott AM, Chagnon MJ, Miquel G, Hallé M, Noda M, Bikfalvi A, Tremblay ML. Regulation of the Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 55 homologue by the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-PEST in the control of cell motility. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:25739-25748. [PMID: 23897807 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.501007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PTP-PEST is a cytosolic ubiquitous protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) that contains, in addition to its catalytic domain, several protein-protein interaction domains that allow it to interface with several signaling pathways. Among others, PTP-PEST is a key regulator of cellular motility and cytoskeleton dynamics. The complexity of the PTP-PEST interactome underscores the necessity to identify its interacting partners and physiological substrates in order to further understand its role in focal adhesion complex turnover and actin organization. Using a modified yeast substrate trapping two-hybrid system, we identified a cytosolic adaptor protein named Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 55 homologue (SKAP-Hom) as a novel substrate of PTP-PEST. To confirm PTP-PEST interaction with SKAP-Hom, in vitro pull down assays were performed demonstrating that the PTP catalytic domain and Proline-rich 1 (P1) domain are respectively binding to the SKAP-Hom Y260 and Y297 residues and its SH3 domain. Subsequently, we generated and rescued SKAP-Hom-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with WT SKAP-Hom, SKAP-Hom tyrosine mutants (Y260F, Y260F/Y297F), or SKAP-Hom SH3 domain mutant (W335K). Given the role of PTP-PEST, wound-healing and trans-well migration assays were performed using the generated lines. Indeed, SKAP-Hom-deficient MEFs showed a defect in migration compared with WT-rescued MEFs. Interestingly, the SH3 domain mutant-rescued MEFs showed an enhanced cell migration corresponding potentially with higher tyrosine phosphorylation levels of SKAP-Hom. These findings suggest a novel role of SKAP-Hom and its phosphorylation in the regulation of cellular motility. Moreover, these results open new avenues by which PTP-PEST regulates cellular migration, a hallmark of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ayoub
- From the Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Anita Hall
- From the Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Adam M Scott
- From the Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Mélanie J Chagnon
- From the Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Géraldine Miquel
- INSERM U1029 and; Université Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultés, 33 405 Talence, France
| | - Maxime Hallé
- From the Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Masaharu Noda
- the Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan, and
| | - Andreas Bikfalvi
- INSERM U1029 and; Université Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultés, 33 405 Talence, France
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- From the Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada,.
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17
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Stanford SM, Krishnamurthy D, Kulkarni RA, Karver CE, Bruenger E, Walker LM, Ma CT, Chung TDY, Sergienko E, Bottini N, Barrios AM. pCAP-based peptide substrates: the new tool in the box of tyrosine phosphatase assays. Methods 2013; 65:165-74. [PMID: 23886911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust, facile high throughput assays based on non-peptidic probes are available to detect the enzyme activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases. However, these assays cannot replace the use of peptide-based probes in many applications; for example when a closer mimic of the physiological target is desired or in substrate profiling expeditions. Phosphotyrosine peptides are often used in these assays, but their use is complicated by either poor sensitivity or the need for indirect detection methods, among other pitfalls. Novel peptide-based probes for protein tyrosine phosphatases are needed to replace phosphotyrosine peptides and accelerate the field of tyrosine phosphatase substrate profiling. Here we review a type of peptidic probe for tyrosine phosphatases, which is based on the incorporation of the phosphotyrosine-mimic phosphocoumaryl amino propionic acid (pCAP) into peptides. The resulting fluorogenic pCAP peptides are dephosphorylated by tyrosine phosphatases with similar efficiency as the homologous phosphotyrosine peptides. pCAP peptides outperform phosphotyrosine peptides, providing an assay that is as robust, sensitive and facile as the non-peptidic fluorogenic probes on the market. Finally the use of pCAP can expand the range of phosphatase assays, facilitating the investigation of multiphosphorylated peptides and providing an in-gel assay for phosphatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Stanford
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Divya Krishnamurthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rhushikesh A Kulkarni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Caitlin E Karver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Eveline Bruenger
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Logan M Walker
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chen-Ting Ma
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford
- Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas D Y Chung
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford
- Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eduard Sergienko
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford
- Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Amy M Barrios
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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18
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Hendriks WJAJ, Pulido R. Protein tyrosine phosphatase variants in human hereditary disorders and disease susceptibilities. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1673-96. [PMID: 23707412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reversible tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins is a key regulatory mechanism to steer normal development and physiological functioning of multicellular organisms. Phosphotyrosine dephosphorylation is exerted by members of the super-family of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) enzymes and many play such essential roles that a wide variety of hereditary disorders and disease susceptibilities in man are caused by PTP alleles. More than two decades of PTP research has resulted in a collection of PTP genetic variants with corresponding consequences at the molecular, cellular and physiological level. Here we present a comprehensive overview of these PTP gene variants that have been linked to disease states in man. Although the findings have direct bearing for disease diagnostics and for research on disease etiology, more work is necessary to translate this into therapies that alleviate the burden of these hereditary disorders and disease susceptibilities in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiljan J A J Hendriks
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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19
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Li R, Gong Z, Pan C, Xie DD, Tang JY, Cui M, Xu YF, Yao W, Pang Q, Xu ZG, Li MY, Yu X, Sun JP. Metal-dependent protein phosphatase 1A functions as an extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphatase. FEBS J 2013; 280:2700-11. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Min-yong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmacy; Shandong University; Jinan; China
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20
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Dai X, James RG, Habib T, Singh S, Jackson S, Khim S, Moon RT, Liggitt D, Wolf-Yadlin A, Buckner JH, Rawlings DJ. A disease-associated PTPN22 variant promotes systemic autoimmunity in murine models. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:2024-36. [PMID: 23619366 DOI: 10.1172/jci66963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Graves disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus, are associated with an allelic variant of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22), which encodes the protein LYP. To model the human disease-linked variant LYP-R620W, we generated knockin mice expressing the analogous mutation, R619W, in the murine ortholog PEST domain phosphatase (PEP). In contrast with a previous report, we found that this variant exhibits normal protein stability, but significantly alters lymphocyte function. Aged knockin mice exhibited effector T cell expansion and transitional, germinal center, and age-related B cell expansion as well as the development of autoantibodies and systemic autoimmunity. Further, PEP-R619W affected B cell selection and B lineage-restricted variant expression and was sufficient to promote autoimmunity. Consistent with these features, PEP-R619W lymphocytes were hyperresponsive to antigen-receptor engagement with a distinct profile of tyrosine-phosphorylated substrates. Thus, PEP-R619W uniquely modulates T and B cell homeostasis, leading to a loss in tolerance and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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21
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Brownlie RJ, Miosge LA, Vassilakos D, Svensson LM, Cope A, Zamoyska R. Lack of the phosphatase PTPN22 increases adhesion of murine regulatory T cells to improve their immunosuppressive function. Sci Signal 2012. [PMID: 23193160 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic phosphatase PTPN22 (protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22) plays a key role in regulating lymphocyte homeostasis, which ensures that the total number of lymphocytes in the periphery remains relatively constant. Mutations in PTPN22 confer an increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases; however, the precise function of PTPN22 and how mutations contribute to autoimmunity remain controversial. Loss-of-function mutations in PTPN22 are associated with increased numbers of effector T cells and autoreactive B cells in humans and mice; however, the complete absence of PTPN22 in mice does not result in spontaneous autoimmunity. We found that PTPN22 was a key regulator of regulatory T cell (T(reg)) function that fine-tuned the signaling of the T cell receptor and integrins. PTPN22(-/-) T(regs) were more effective at immunosuppression than were wild-type T(regs), and they suppressed the activity of PTPN22(-/-) effector T cells, preventing autoimmunity. Compared to wild-type T(regs), PTPN22(-/-) T(regs) produced increased amounts of the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10 and had enhanced adhesive properties mediated by the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, processes that are critical for T(reg) function. This previously undiscovered role of PTPN22 in regulating integrin signaling and T(reg) function suggests that PTPN22 may be a useful therapeutic target for manipulating T(reg) function in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Brownlie
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, The University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
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Liu J, Chen M, Li R, Yang F, Shi X, Zhu L, Wang HM, Yao W, Liu Q, Meng FG, Sun JP, Pang Q, Yu X. Biochemical and functional studies of lymphoid-specific tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp) variants S201F and R266W. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43631. [PMID: 22952725 PMCID: PMC3428364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lymphoid specific tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp) has elicited tremendous research interest due to the high risk of its missense mutation R620W in a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases. While initially characterized as a gain-of-function mutant, R620W was thought to lead to autoimmune diseases through loss-of-function in T cell signaling by a recent study. Here we investigate the biochemical characters and T cell signaling functions of two uncharacterized Lyp variants S201F and R266W, together with a previously characterized Lyp variant R263Q, which had reduced risk in several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ulcerative colitis (UC) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our kinetic and functional studies of R263Q polymorphism basically reproduced previous findings that it was a loss-of-function mutant. The other variant S201F reduced Lyp phosphatase activity moderately and decreased Lyp function in T cell slightly, while R266W severely impaired phosphatase activity and was a loss-of-function variant in T cell signaling. A combined kinetic and structure analysis suggests that the R266W variant may decrease its phosphatase activity through perturbing either the Q-loop or the WPD loop of Lyp. As both R266W and R263Q significantly change their phosphatase activity and T cell functions, future work could be considered to evaluate these mutants in a broader spectrum of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Chen
- The 309 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuanren Shi
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lichao Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiji Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fan-Guo Meng
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Pang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (QP)
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (QP)
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