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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Baker JS, Davison GW, Yan X. Redox signaling and skeletal muscle adaptation during aerobic exercise. iScience 2024; 27:109643. [PMID: 38650987 PMCID: PMC11033207 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox regulation is a fundamental physiological phenomenon related to oxygen-dependent metabolism, and skeletal muscle is mainly regarded as a primary site for oxidative phosphorylation. Several studies have revealed the importance of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in the signaling process relating to muscle adaptation during exercise. To date, improving knowledge of redox signaling in modulating exercise adaptation has been the subject of comprehensive work and scientific inquiry. The primary aim of this review is to elucidate the molecular and biochemical pathways aligned to RONS as activators of skeletal muscle adaptation and to further identify the interconnecting mechanisms controlling redox balance. We also discuss the RONS-mediated pathways during the muscle adaptive process, including mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle remodeling, vascular angiogenesis, neuron regeneration, and the role of exogenous antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsong Zhou
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Wealth Management, Ningbo University of Finance and Economics, Ningbo, China
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Gareth W. Davison
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 IED, UK
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Li T, Ma X, Wang T, Tian W, Liu J, Shen W, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Ma J, Zhang X, Ma J, Wang H. Clostridium butyricum inhibits the inflammation in children with primary nephrotic syndrome by regulating Th17/Tregs balance via gut-kidney axis. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:97. [PMID: 38521894 PMCID: PMC10960420 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is a common glomerular disease in children. Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum), a probiotic producing butyric acid, exerts effective in regulating inflammation. This study was designed to elucidate the effect of C. butyricum on PNS inflammation through the gut-kidney axis. METHOD BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group (CON), C. butyricum control group (CON+C. butyricum), PNS model group (PNS), and PNS with C. butyricum group (PNS+C. butyricum). The PNS model was established by a single injection of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) through the tail vein. After 1 week of modeling, the mice were treated with C. butyricum for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the mice were euthanized and associated indications were investigated. RESULTS Since the successful modeling of the PNS, the 24 h urine protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), urine urea nitrogen (UUN), urine creatinine (UCr), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A were increased, the kidney pathological damage was aggravated, while a reduction of body weights of the mice and the anti-inflammatory IL-10 significantly reduced. However, these abnormalities could be dramatically reversed by C. butyricum treatment. The crucial Th17/Tregs axis in PNS inflammation also was proved to be effectively regulated by C. butyricum treatment. This probiotic intervention notably affected the expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein, and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt). 16S rRNA sequencing showed that C. butyricum could regulate the composition of the intestinal microbial community and found Proteobacteria was more abundant in urine microorganisms in mice with PNS. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured and showed that C. butyricum treatment increased the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid in feces, acetic acid, and valeric acid in urine. Correlation analysis showed that there was a closely complicated correlation among inflammatory indicators, metabolic indicators, microbiota, and associated metabolic SCFAs in the gut-kidney axis. CONCLUSION C. butyricum regulates Th17/Tregs balance via the gut-kidney axis to suppress the immune inflammatory response in mice with PNS, which may potentially contribute to a safe and inexpensive therapeutic agent for PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Clinical College of Ningxia Medical University, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenyan Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Clinical College of Ningxia Medical University, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary, The First Clinical College of Ningxia Medical University, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenke Shen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Junbai Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Jinhai Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
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Vahidi S, Agah S, Mirzajani E, Asghari Gharakhyli E, Norollahi SE, Rahbar Taramsari M, Babaei K, Samadani AA. microRNAs, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity as the main inducers in the pathobiology of cancer development. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2024; 0:hmbci-2023-0012. [PMID: 38507551 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2023-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most serious leading causes of death in the world. Many eclectic factors are involved in cancer progression including genetic and epigenetic alongside environmental ones. In this account, the performance and fluctuations of microRNAs are significant in cancer diagnosis and treatment, particularly as diagnostic biomarkers in oncology. So, microRNAs manage and control the gene expression after transcription by mRNA degradation, or also they can inhibit their translation. Conspicuously, these molecular structures take part in controlling the cellular, physiological and pathological functions, which many of them can accomplish as tumor inhibitors or oncogenes. Relatively, Oxidative stress is defined as the inequality between the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to detoxify the reactive mediators or repair the resulting injury. ROS and microRNAs have been recognized as main cancer promoters and possible treatment targets. Importantly, genotoxicity has been established as the primary reason for many diseases as well as several malignancies. The procedures have no obvious link with mutagenicity and influence the organization, accuracy of the information, or fragmentation of DNA. Conclusively, mutations in these patterns can lead to carcinogenesis. In this review article, we report the impressive and practical roles of microRNAs, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity in the pathobiology of cancer development in conjunction with their importance as reliable cancer biomarkers and their association with circulating miRNA, exosomes and exosomal miRNAs, RNA remodeling, DNA methylation, and other molecular elements in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Vahidi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mirzajani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, 37554 Guilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Seyedeh Elham Norollahi
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Morteza Rahbar Taramsari
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, 37554 Guilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht, Iran
| | - Kosar Babaei
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Turkoglu F, Calisir A, Ozturk B. Clinical importance of serum miRNA levels in breast cancer patients. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:19. [PMID: 38280134 PMCID: PMC10821853 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
There is limited data on the relationship of miRNAs with parameters that may affect surgical management or reflect tumour prognosis. It was aimed to evaluate serum miRNA levels in breast carcinoma cases and reveal the relationship between these levels and prognosis-related factors such as the histological type of the tumour, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Ki-67 index, HER-2neu, E-cadherin, tumour size, CK5/6, CA15.3 levels, number of tumour foci, number of metastatic lymph nodes, and status of receiving neoadjuvant therapy. Thirty-five patients with a histopathologically confirmed breast carcinoma diagnosis in the case group and 35 healthy individuals in the control group were examined. miR-206, miR-17-5p, miR-125a, miR-125b, miR-200a, Let-7a, miR-34a, miR-31, miR-21, miR-155, miR-10b, miR-373, miR-520c, miR-210, miR-145, miR-139-5p, miR-195, miR-99a, miR-497 and miR-205 expression levels in the serum of participants were determined using the Polymerase Chain Reaction method. While serum miR-125b and Let-7a expression levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients, miR-17-5p, miR-125a, miR-200a, miR-34a, miR-21, miR-99a and miR-497 levels were significantly lower in them. The Let-7a expression level had a statistically significant relationship with breast cancer histological type and HER-2neu parameters, miR-17-5p, miR-125b, Let-7a, miR-34a, miR-21 and miR-99a levels with E-cadherin, miR-34a, miR-99a and miR-497 with CA15.3, miR-125b, miR-200a and miR-34a with the number of metastatic lymph nodes, miR-125a with the number of tumour foci and miR-200a with the status of having the neoadjuvant therapy. Serum miR-17-5p, miR-125a, miR-125b, miR-200a, Let-7a, miR-34a, miR-21, miR-99a and miR-497 expression levels were determined to have predictive and prognostic importance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Turkoglu
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Akademi Mahallesi Yeni İstanbul Caddesi No:313, Selçuk Üniversitesi Alaeddin Keykubat Yerleşkesi, Selçuklu, Konya, 42130, Turkey.
| | - Akin Calisir
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Akademi Mahallesi Yeni İstanbul Caddesi No:313, Selçuk Üniversitesi Alaeddin Keykubat Yerleşkesi, Selçuklu, Konya, 42130, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Ozturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Fahrer J, Wittmann S, Wolf AC, Kostka T. Heme Oxygenase-1 and Its Role in Colorectal Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1989. [PMID: 38001842 PMCID: PMC10669411 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme located at the endoplasmic reticulum, which is responsible for the degradation of cellular heme into ferrous iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin-IXa. In addition to this main function, the enzyme is involved in many other homeostatic, toxic and cancer-related mechanisms. In this review, we first summarize the importance of HO-1 in physiology and pathophysiology with a focus on the digestive system. We then detail its structure and function, followed by a section on the regulatory mechanisms that control HO-1 expression and activity. Moreover, HO-2 as important further HO isoform is discussed, highlighting the similarities and differences with regard to HO-1. Subsequently, we describe the direct and indirect cytoprotective functions of HO-1 and its breakdown products carbon monoxide and biliverdin-IXa, but also highlight possible pro-inflammatory effects. Finally, we address the role of HO-1 in cancer with a particular focus on colorectal cancer. Here, relevant pathways and mechanisms are presented, through which HO-1 impacts tumor induction and tumor progression. These include oxidative stress and DNA damage, ferroptosis, cell cycle progression and apoptosis as well as migration, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Fahrer
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger Strasse 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (S.W.); (A.-C.W.)
| | | | | | - Tina Kostka
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger Strasse 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (S.W.); (A.-C.W.)
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6
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Treasure K, Harris J, Williamson G. Exploring the anti-inflammatory activity of sulforaphane. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:805-828. [PMID: 37650498 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of innate immune responses can result in chronic inflammatory conditions. Glucocorticoids, the current frontline therapy, are effective immunosuppressive drugs but come with a trade-off of cumulative and serious side effects. Therefore, alternative drug options with improved safety profiles are urgently needed. Sulforaphane, a phytochemical derived from plants of the brassica family, is a potent inducer of phase II detoxification enzymes via nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling. Moreover, a growing body of evidence suggests additional diverse anti-inflammatory properties of sulforaphane through interactions with mediators of key signaling pathways and inflammatory cytokines. Multiple studies support a role for sulforaphane as a negative regulator of nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation and subsequent cytokine release, inflammasome activation and direct regulation of the activity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Significantly, studies have also highlighted potential steroid-sparing activity for sulforaphane, suggesting that it may have potential as an adjunctive therapy for some inflammatory conditions. This review discusses published research on sulforaphane, including proposed mechanisms of action, and poses questions for future studies that might help progress our understanding of the potential clinical applications of this intriguing molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Treasure
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Heart Hospital, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - James Harris
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Heart Hospital, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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7
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Zhou X, An B, Lin Y, Ni Y, Zhao X, Liang X. Molecular mechanisms of ROS-modulated cancer chemoresistance and therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115036. [PMID: 37354814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is the main obstacle to achieving a cure in many cancer patients. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are master regulators of cancer development that act through complex mechanisms. Remarkably, ROS levels and antioxidant content are typically higher in drug-resistant cancer cells than in non-resistant and normal cells, and have been shown to play a central role in modulating drug resistance. Therefore, determining the underlying functions of ROS in the modulation of drug resistance will contribute to develop therapies that sensitize cancer resistant cells by leveraging ROS modulation. In this review, we summarize the notable literature on the sources and regulation of ROS production and highlight the complex roles of ROS in cancer chemoresistance, encompassing transcription factor-mediated chemoresistance, maintenance of cancer stem cells, and their impact on the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss the potential of ROS-targeted therapies in overcoming tumor therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Biao An
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yanghong Ni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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8
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Liu Y, Guan H, Feng M, Du C, Zhang Q, Shou Y, Qi G, Yu D, Jin Y. MiR-766-3p and miR-671-5p attenuate aristolochic acid-induced hepatotoxicity by directly targeting the key bioactivating enzyme NQO1. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 261:115103. [PMID: 37285672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA) as an emerging contaminant in herbal medicines or crops has been well-recognized for causing nephropathy since 1990s. Over the last decade, mounting evidence has linked AA to liver injury; however, the underlying mechanism is poorly elucidated. MicroRNAs respond to environmental stress and mediate multiple biological processes, thus showing biomarker potentials prognostically or diagnostically. In the present study, we investigated the role of miRNAs in AA-induced hepatotoxicity, specifically in regulating NQO1, the key enzyme responsible for AA bioactivation. In silico analysis showed that hsa-miR-766-3p and hsa-miR-671-5p were significantly associated with AAI exposure as well as NQO1 induction. A 28-day rat experiment of 20 mg/kg AA exposure demonstrated a 3-fold increase of NQO1 and an almost 50 % decrease of the homologous miR-671 that were accompanied with liver injury, which was consistent with in silico prediction. Further mechanistic investigation using Huh7 cells with IC50 of AAI at 146.5 µM showed both hsa-miR-766-3p and hsa-miR-671-5p were able to directly bind to and down-regulate NQO1 basal expression. In addition, both miRNAs were shown to suppress AAI-induced NQO1 upregulation in Huh7 cells at a cytotoxic concentration of 70 μM, and consequently alleviate AAI-induced cellular effects, including cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. Together, these data illustrate that miR-766-3p and miR-671-5p attenuate AAI-induced hepatotoxicity, and thus have monitoring and diagnostic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Liu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Heyuan Guan
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meiyao Feng
- Department of Environmental Health, Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenlong Du
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingqing Shou
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangshuai Qi
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dianke Yu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Zhang Q, Fan X, Zhang X, Ju S. Ferroptosis in tumors and its relationship to other programmed cell death: role of non-coding RNAs. J Transl Med 2023; 21:514. [PMID: 37516888 PMCID: PMC10387214 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) plays an important role in many aspects of individual development, maintenance of body homeostasis and pathological processes. Ferroptosis is a novel form of PCD characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides resulting in lethal cell damage. It contributes to tumor progression in an apoptosis-independent manner. In recent years, an increasing number of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been demonstrated to mediate the biological process of ferroptosis, hence impacting carcinogenesis, progression, drug resistance, and prognosis. However, the clear regulatory mechanism for this phenomenon remains poorly understood. Moreover, ferroptosis does not usually exist independently. Its interaction with PCD, like apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and cuproptosis, to destroy cells appears to exist. Furthermore, ncRNA seems to be involved. Here, we review the mechanisms by which ferroptosis occurs, dissect its relationship with other forms of death, summarize the key regulatory roles played by ncRNAs, raise relevant questions and predict possible barriers to its application in the clinic, offering new ideas for targeted tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinfeng Fan
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Medical School of Nantong University, No.19, Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No.20, Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Mukherjee AG, Gopalakrishnan AV. The mechanistic insights of the antioxidant Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in oncogenesis: a deadly scenario. Med Oncol 2023; 40:248. [PMID: 37480500 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein has garnered significant interest due to its crucial function in safeguarding cells and tissues. The Nrf2 protein is crucial in preserving tissue integrity by safeguarding cells against metabolic, xenobiotic and oxidative stress. Due to its various functions, Nrf2 is a potential pharmacological target for reducing the incidence of diseases such as cancer. However, mutations in Keap1-Nrf2 are not consistently favored in all types of cancer. Instead, they seem to interact with specific driver mutations of tumors and their respective tissue origins. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nrf2 pathway mutations are a powerful cancer adaptation that utilizes inherent cytoprotective pathways, encompassing nutrient metabolism and ROS regulation. The augmentation of Nrf2 activity elicits significant alterations in the characteristics of neoplastic cells, such as resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, safeguarding against apoptosis, heightened invasiveness, hindered senescence, impaired autophagy and increased angiogenesis. The altered activity of Nrf2 can arise from diverse genetic and epigenetic modifications that instantly impact Nrf2 regulation. The present study aims to showcase the correlation between the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and the progression of cancers, emphasizing genetic mutations, metabolic processes, immune regulation, and potential therapeutic strategies. This article delves into the intricacies of Nrf2 pathway anomalies in cancer, the potential ramifications of uncontrolled Nrf2 activity, and therapeutic interventions to modulate the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Sakshi S, Jayasuriya R, Sathish Kumar RC, Umapathy D, Gopinathan A, Balamurugan R, Ganesan K, Ramkumar KM. MicroRNA-27b Impairs Nrf2-Mediated Angiogenesis in the Progression of Diabetic Foot Ulcer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4551. [PMID: 37445586 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a stress-activated transcription factor regulating antioxidant genes, and a deficiency thereof, slowing lymphangiogenesis, has been reported in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). The mode of Nrf2 regulation in DFU has been less explored. Emerging studies on miRNA-mediated target regulation show miRNA to be the leading player in the pathogenesis of the disease. In the present study, we demonstrated the role of miR-27b in regulating Nrf2-mediated angiogenesis in DFU. A lower expression of mRNA targets, such as Nrf2, HO-1, SDF-1α, and VEGF, was observed in tissue biopsied from chronic DFU subjects, which was in line with miR-27b, signifying a positive correlation with Nrf2. Similarly, we found significantly reduced expression of miR-27b and target mRNAs Nrf2, HO-1, SDF-1α, and VEGF in endothelial cells under a hyperglycemic microenvironment (HGM). To confirm the association of miR-27b on regulating Nrf2-mediated angiogenesis, we inhibited its expression through RNA interference-mediated knockdown and observed disturbances in angiogenic signaling with reduced endothelial cell migration. In addition, to explore the role of miR-27b and angiogenesis in the activation of Nrf2, we pretreated the endothelial cells with two well-known pharmacological compounds-pterostilbene and resveratrol. We observed that activation of Nrf2 through these compounds ameliorates impaired angiogenesis on HGM-induced endothelial cells. This study suggests a positive role of miR-27b in regulating Nrf2, which seems to be decreased in DFU and improves on treatment with pterostilbene and resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukla Sakshi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravichandran Jayasuriya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajappan Chandra Sathish Kumar
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System and Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhamodharan Umapathy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Athira Gopinathan
- SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramachandran Balamurugan
- SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Ganesan
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Pérez-Carrillo L, Giménez-Escamilla I, García-Manzanares M, Triviño JC, Feijóo-Bandín S, Aragón-Herrera A, Lago F, Martínez-Dolz L, Portolés M, Tarazón E, Roselló-Lletí E. Altered MicroRNA Maturation in Ischemic Hearts: Implication of Hypoxia on XPO5 and DICER1 Dysregulation and RedoximiR State. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1337. [PMID: 37507877 PMCID: PMC10376795 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is associated with abnormal microRNA expression levels that involve an altered gene expression profile. However, little is known about the underlying causes of microRNA disruption in ICM and whether microRNA maturation is compromised. Therefore, we focused on microRNA maturation defects analysis and the implication of the microRNA biogenesis pathway and redox-sensitive microRNAs (redoximiRs). Transcriptomic changes were investigated via ncRNA-seq (ICM, n = 22; controls, n = 8) and mRNA-seq (ICM, n = 13; control, n = 10). The effect of hypoxia on the biogenesis of microRNAs was evaluated in the AC16 cell line. ICM patients showed a reduction in microRNA maturation compared to control (4.30 ± 0.94 au vs. 5.34 ± 1.07 au, p ˂ 0.05), accompanied by a deregulation of the microRNA biogenesis pathway: a decrease in pre-microRNA export (XPO5, FC = -1.38, p ˂ 0.05) and cytoplasmic processing (DICER, FC = -1.32, p ˂ 0.01). Both processes were regulated by hypoxia in AC16 cells (XPO5, FC = -1.65; DICER1, FC = -1.55; p ˂ 0.01; Exportin-5, FC = -1.81; Dicer, FC = -1.15; p ˂ 0.05). Patients displayed deregulation of several redoximiRs, highlighting miR-122-5p (FC = -2.41, p ˂ 0.001), which maintained a good correlation with the ejection fraction (r = 0.681, p ˂ 0.01). We evidenced a decrease in microRNA maturation mainly linked to a decrease in XPO5-mediated pre-microRNA export and DICER1-mediated processing, together with a general effect of hypoxia through deregulation of biogenesis pathway and the redoximiRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pérez-Carrillo
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Avd. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Giménez-Escamilla
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Avd. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Manzanares
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Avd. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine and Animal Surgery, Veterinary School, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, C/Lluís Vives, 1, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Feijóo-Bandín
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Avd. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology and Institute of Biomedical Research, University Clinical Hospital, Tr.ª da Choupana, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alana Aragón-Herrera
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Avd. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology and Institute of Biomedical Research, University Clinical Hospital, Tr.ª da Choupana, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Avd. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology and Institute of Biomedical Research, University Clinical Hospital, Tr.ª da Choupana, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Dolz
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Avd. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Cardiology Department, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Portolés
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Avd. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Tarazón
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Avd. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Roselló-Lletí
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avd. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Avd. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Razliqi RN, Ahangarpour A, Mard SA, Khorsandi L. Gentisic acid ameliorates type 2 diabetes induced by Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin in male mice by attenuating pancreatic oxidative stress and inflammation through modulation of Nrf2 and NF-кB pathways. Life Sci 2023; 325:121770. [PMID: 37192699 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS There is a close link between oxidative stress, inflammation, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Gentisic acid (GA) is a di-phenolic compound and an active metabolite of aspirin that possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but its potential anti-diabetic effects have not been evaluated so far. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate GA's potential antidiabetic effects through the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor (Nrf2) and Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta (NF-кB) signaling pathways. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, T2DM induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg B.W) after 15 min nicotinamide (120 mg/kg B.W) injection. After seven days of injections, fasting blood glucose (FBS) was measured. Seven days after FBS monitoring treatments started. Grouping and treatments were as follows: 1) Normal control group; NC, 2) Diabetic control group; DC, 3) Metformin group; MT (150 mg/kg B.W, daily), 4) Test group; GA (100 mg/kg B.W, daily). Treatments continued for 14 consecutive days. KEY FINDINGS Diabetic mice treatment with GA significantly decreased FBS, improved plasma lipid profiles and pancreatic antioxidant status. GA modulated Nrf2 pathway by upregulation of Nrf2 protein, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1), and p21, and downregulation of miR-200a, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-2 (NOX2). Also, GA attenuated inflammation by upregulation of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and downregulation of miR-125b, NF-кB, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß). SIGNIFICANCE GA attenuates T2DM, possibly by improving antioxidant status through the Nrf2 pathway and attenuation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akram Ahangarpour
- Department of Physiology, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Physiology Research Center, Alimentary Tract Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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14
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Verstappe J, Berx G. A role for partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in enabling stemness in homeostasis and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 90:15-28. [PMID: 36773819 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have self-renewal capacities and the ability to give rise to differentiated cells thereby sustaining tissues during homeostasis and injury. This structural hierarchy extends to tumours which harbor stem-like cells deemed cancer stem cells that propagate the tumour and drive metastasis and relapse. The process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays an important role in development and cancer cell migration, was shown to be correlated with stemness in both homeostasis and cancer indicating that stemness can be acquired and is not necessarily an intrinsic trait. Nowadays it is experimentally proven that the activation of an EMT program does not necessarily drive cells towards a fully mesenchymal phenotype but rather to hybrid E/M states. This review offers the latest advances in connecting the EMT status and stem-cell state of both non-transformed and cancer cells. Recent literature clearly shows that hybrid EMT states have a higher probability of acquiring stem cell traits. The position of a cell along the EMT-axis which coincides with a stem cell-like state is known as the stemness window. We show how the original EMT-state of a cell dictates the EMT/MET inducing programmes required to reach stemness. Lastly we present the mechanism of stemness regulation and the regulatory feedback loops which position cells at a certain EMT state along the EMT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Verstappe
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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15
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Kanwugu ON, Glukhareva TV. Activation of Nrf2 pathway as a protective mechanism against oxidative stress-induced diseases: Potential of astaxanthin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 741:109601. [PMID: 37086962 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin, a red-orange liposoluble carotenoid, has been the centre of considerable attention in recent years for its numerous biological activities, notably its potent antioxidant activity. It is reported that astaxanthin elicits these biological activities via a number of cellular pathways. The Nrf2/Keap1 pathway is a major regulator of the antioxidant defence system of cells; it modulates the expression of a plethora of genes related to redox homeostasis as well as cellular detoxification. The pathway has received lots of attention as a prospective therapeutic target for diseases related to oxidative stress and aging. Several reports have shown that the pathway is inducible by many natural compounds. This present work reviews the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, its regulation and involvement in diseases, provides a brief overview of naturally occurring compounds as activators of the pathway as well as discusses the effect of astaxanthin on the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman N Kanwugu
- School of Natural Sciences, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Mira Street 28, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Glukhareva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Mira Street 28, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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16
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Puppa MA, Jakobs J, Rink L. Zinc stabilized Nrf2 by inhibition of HDAC3 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127166. [PMID: 37030059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) induces several detoxifying proteins, which also include NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). The expression of these Nrf2-regulated proteins is important for the maintenance of the redox homeostasis in cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tert-butyl-hydrochinone (tBHQ) stimulation on human PBMC under normal condition and zinc depletion, respectively. METHOD Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were treated with the Nrf2 activator tBHQ in combination with zinc to examine a possible correlation between zinc and redox homeostasis. Therefore, mRNA expression of Nrf2 and its downstream molecules NQO1 and HO-1 were investigated, as well as the protein synthesis of these. In addition, the effect of zinc on histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), which is a negative regulator for Nrf2 activity, was analyzed. RESULTS Either mRNA, protein expression or both of Nrf2, NQO1 and HO-1 are influenced by zinc. The analysis of HDAC3 shows a negative correlation between its activity and increasing zinc concentrations. By inhibiting HDAC3 zinc stabilizes Nrf2. CONCLUSION The results indicate that zinc emphasizes the induction of Nrf2 by its activator tBHQ through increasing gene and protein expression. Additionally, zinc supplementation inhibits HDAC3 activity resulting in reduced Keap1 mRNA expression and thereby stabilizing cytoplasmatic Nrf2. These findings suggests that zinc supplementation has beneficial effects on the redox balance in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Ann Puppa
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jana Jakobs
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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17
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Almeida Lima K, Osawa IYA, Ramalho MCC, de Souza I, Guedes CB, Souza Filho CHDD, Monteiro LKS, Latancia MT, Rocha CRR. Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma by NRF2: Protecting the Evil. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041081. [PMID: 37189700 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NRF2 is constitutively active in glioblastoma, a highly aggressive brain tumor subtype with poor prognosis. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the primary chemotherapeutic agent for this type of tumor treatment, but resistance to this drug is often observed. This review highlights the research that is demonstrating how NRF2 hyperactivation creates an environment that favors the survival of malignant cells and protects against oxidative stress and TMZ. Mechanistically, NRF2 increases drug detoxification, autophagy, DNA repair, and decreases drug accumulation and apoptotic signaling. Our review also presents potential strategies for targeting NRF2 as an adjuvant therapy to overcome TMZ chemoresistance in glioblastoma. Specific molecular pathways, including MAPKs, GSK3β, βTRCP, PI3K, AKT, and GBP, that modulate NRF2 expression leading to TMZ resistance are discussed, along with the importance of identifying NRF2 modulators to reverse TMZ resistance and develop new therapeutic targets. Despite the significant progress in understanding the role of NRF2 in GBM, there are still unanswered questions regarding its regulation and downstream effects. Future research should focus on elucidating the precise mechanisms by which NRF2 mediates resistance to TMZ, and identifying potential novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Almeida Lima
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04037-003, Brazil
| | - Isabeli Yumi Araújo Osawa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04037-003, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Clares Ramalho
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04037-003, Brazil
| | - Izadora de Souza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04037-003, Brazil
| | - Camila Banca Guedes
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04037-003, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcela Teatin Latancia
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3371, USA
| | - Clarissa Ribeiro Reily Rocha
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04037-003, Brazil
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18
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Soghli N, Yousefi H, Naderi T, Fallah A, Moshksar A, Darbeheshti F, Vittori C, Delavar MR, Zare A, Rad HS, Kazemi A, Bitaraf A, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Jamali E. NRF2 signaling pathway: A comprehensive prognostic and gene expression profile analysis in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154341. [PMID: 36739754 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in women and a major public health concern. NRF2 axis is a cellular protector signaling pathway protecting both normal and cancer cells from oxidative damage. NRF2 is a transcription factor that binds to the gene promoters containing antioxidant response element-like sequences. In this report, differential expression of NRF2 signaling pathway elements, as well as the correlation of NRF2 pathway mRNAs with various clinicopathologic characteristics, including molecular subtypes, tumor grade, tumor stage, and methylation status, has been investigated in breast cancer using METABRIC and TCGA datasets. In the current report, our findings revealed the deregulation of several NRF2 signaling elements in breast cancer patients. Moreover, there were negative correlations between the methylation of NRF2 genes and mRNA expression. The expression of NRF2 genes significantly varied between different breast cancer subtypes. In conclusion, substantial deregulation of NRF2 signaling components suggests an important role of these genes in breast cancer. Because of the clear associations between mRNA expression and methylation status, DNA methylation could be one of the mechanisms that regulate the NRF2 pathway in breast cancer. Differential expression of Hippo genes among various breast cancer molecular subtypes suggests that NRF2 signaling may function differently in different subtypes of breast cancer. Our data also highlights an interesting link between NRF2 components' transcription and tumor grade/stage in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Soghli
- Babol University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, New Orleans, LA, USA; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tohid Naderi
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysan Fallah
- Department of hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Moshksar
- University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Interventional Radiology, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Farzaneh Darbeheshti
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cecilia Vittori
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mahsa Rostamian Delavar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Zare
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Sadeghi Rad
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Abtin Kazemi
- Fasa University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Fasa, Iran
| | - Amirreza Bitaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Elena Jamali
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Xia Y, Zhu J, Yang R, Wang H, Li Y, Fu C. Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury: Mechanisms, current advances and future challenges. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1141601. [PMID: 36911700 PMCID: PMC9999104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1141601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) has considerable impact on patient physical, mental, and financial health. Secondary SCI is associated with inflammation, vascular destruction, and subsequent permanent damage to the nervous system. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have anti-inflammatory properties, promoting vascular regeneration and the release neuro-nutrients, and are a promising strategy for the treatment of SCI. Preclinical studies have shown that MSCs promote sensory and motor function recovery in rats. In clinical trials, MSCs have been reported to improve the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) sensory and motor scores. However, the effectiveness of MSCs in treating patients with SCI remains controversial. MSCs promote tumorigenesis and ensuring the survival of MSCs in the hostile environment of SCI is challenging. In this article we examine the evidence on the pathophysiological changes occurring after SCI. We then review the underlying mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of SCI and summarize the potential application of MSCs in clinical practice. Finally, we highlight the challenges surrounding the use of MSCs in the treatment of SCI and discuss future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Xia
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianshu Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruohan Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hengyi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changfeng Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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20
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Ala M. Sestrin2 Signaling Pathway Regulates Podocyte Biology and Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:8776878. [PMID: 36818747 PMCID: PMC9937769 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8776878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrin2 regulates cell homeostasis and is an upstream signaling molecule for several signaling pathways. Sestrin2 leads to AMP-activated protein kinase- (AMPK-) and GTPase-activating protein activity toward Rags (GATOR) 1-mediated inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), thereby enhancing autophagy. Sestrin2 also improves mitochondrial biogenesis via AMPK/Sirt1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. Blockade of ribosomal protein synthesis and augmentation of autophagy by Sestrin2 can prevent misfolded protein accumulation and attenuate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In addition, Sestrin2 enhances P62-mediated autophagic degradation of Keap1 to release nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 release by Sestrin2 vigorously potentiates antioxidant defense in diabetic nephropathy. Impaired autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, severe oxidative stress, and ER stress are all deeply involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. It has been shown that Sestrin2 expression is lower in the kidney of animals and patients with diabetic nephropathy. Sestrin2 knockdown aggravated diabetic nephropathy in animal models. In contrast, upregulation of Sestrin2 enhanced autophagy, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis and suppressed oxidative stress, ER stress, and apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy. Consistently, overexpression of Sestrin2 ameliorated podocyte injury, mesangial proliferation, proteinuria, and renal fibrosis in animal models of diabetic nephropathy. By suppressing transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/Smad and Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcription enhancer factor 1 (TEF1) signaling pathways in experimental models, Sestrin2 hindered epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix accumulation in diabetic kidneys. Moreover, modulation of the downstream molecules of Sestrin2, for instance, augmentation of AMPK or Nrf2 signaling and inhibition of mTORC1, has been protective in diabetic nephropathy. Regarding the beneficial effects of Sestrin2 on diabetic nephropathy and its interaction with several signaling molecules, it is worth targeting Sestrin2 in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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21
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Kryszczuk M, Kowalczuk O. Significance of NRF2 in physiological and pathological conditions an comprehensive review. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Caliş B, Yerlikaya FH, Ataseven A, Temiz SA, Onmaz DE. Oxidative Stress-Related miRNAs in Patients with Severe Acne Vulgaris. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:657-661. [PMID: 36998860 PMCID: PMC10043655 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_467_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease in adolescents and oxidative stress plays an important role in acne pathology. However, the pathology of acne has not yet been fully elucidated. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs, and there is increasing evidence for their role in the pathogenesis of skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and other inflammatory diseases. Aims and Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels with plasma miRNA expression profile related with oxidative stress in patients with severe acne vulgaris. Materials and Methods Fifty seven female patients with severe acne and 40 healthy women were included in the study. Plasma miRNA-31, miRNA-200a, and miRNA-21 levels were evaluated by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain rection analysis. MDA and GSH levels were measured as per the manufacturer's procedures using commercial ELISA kits. Results Plasma miRNA-21 levels were statistically significantly higher in patients with severe acne compared to the control group (P =0.003). Plasma miRNA-200a (P =0.303) and miRNA-31 (P =.652) levels were slightly higher in patients with severe acne compared to the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant. Serum MDA levels (P =.047) were higher in patients with severe acne compared to control group, while serum GSH levels (P =.001) were lower. Conclusion These results show that oxidative damage is involved in acne etiopathogenesis and especially miRNA-21 may have an important role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Caliş
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Arzu Ataseven
- Department of Dermatology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Selami Aykut Temiz
- Department of Dermatology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Duygu Eryavuz Onmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Konya, Turkey
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23
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Mladenov M, Bogdanov J, Bogdanov B, Hadzi-Petrushev N, Kamkin A, Stojchevski R, Avtanski D. Efficacy of the monocarbonyl curcumin analog C66 in the reduction of diabetes-associated cardiovascular and kidney complications. Mol Med 2022; 28:129. [PMID: 36316651 PMCID: PMC9620630 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric that has potential beneficial properties for cardiovascular and renal diseases and is relatively safe and inexpensive. However, the application of curcumin is rather problematic due to its chemical instability and low bioavailability. The experimental results showed improved chemical stability and potent pharmacokinetics of one of its analogs – (2E,6E)-2,6-bis[(2-trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]cyclohexanone (C66). There are several advantages of C66, like its synthetic accessibility, structural simplicity, improved chemical stability (in vitro and in vivo), presence of two reactive electrophilic centers, and good electron-accepting capacity. Considering these characteristics, we reviewed the literature on the application of C66 in resolving diabetes-associated cardiovascular and renal complications in animal models. We also summarized the mechanisms by which C66 is preventing the release of pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory molecules in the priming and in activation stage of cardiomyopathy, renal fibrosis, and diabetic nephropathy. The cardiovascular protective effect of C66 against diabetes-induced oxidative damage is Nrf2 mediated but mainly dependent on JNK2. In general, C66 causes inhibition of JNK2, which reduces cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the settings of diabetic cardiomyopathy. C66 exerts a powerful antifibrotic effect by reducing inflammation-related factors (MCP-1, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, and CAV-1) and inducing the expression of anti-inflammatory factors (HO-1 and NEDD4), as well as targeting TGF-β/SMADs, MAPK/ERK, and PPAR-γ pathways in animal models of diabetic nephropathy. Based on the available evidence, C66 is becoming a promising drug candidate for improving cardiovascular and renal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitko Mladenov
- grid.7858.20000 0001 0708 5391Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia ,grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Street 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jane Bogdanov
- grid.7858.20000 0001 0708 5391Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Bogdan Bogdanov
- grid.7858.20000 0001 0708 5391Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Nikola Hadzi-Petrushev
- grid.7858.20000 0001 0708 5391Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Andre Kamkin
- grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Street 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Radoslav Stojchevski
- grid.7858.20000 0001 0708 5391Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia ,grid.416477.70000 0001 2168 3646Friedman Diabetes Institute at Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, Suite 8B, Room 837, 10022 New York, NY USA
| | - Dimiter Avtanski
- grid.416477.70000 0001 2168 3646Friedman Diabetes Institute at Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, Suite 8B, Room 837, 10022 New York, NY USA ,grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY USA ,grid.512756.20000 0004 0370 4759Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY USA
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24
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Villarreal-García V, Estupiñan-Jiménez JR, Vivas-Mejía PE, Gonzalez-Villasana V, Vázquez-Guillén JM, Reséndez-Pérez D. A vicious circle in breast cancer: The interplay between inflammation, reactive oxygen species, and microRNAs. Front Oncol 2022; 12:980694. [PMID: 36226048 PMCID: PMC9548555 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.980694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide. This highly heterogeneous disease is molecularly stratified into luminal A, luminal B, HER2, triple-negative/basal-like, and normal-like subtypes. An important aspect in BC progression is the activation of inflammatory processes. The activation of CD8+/Th1, NK, and M1 tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), leads to tumor destruction. In contrast, an anti-inflammatory response mediated by CD4+/Th2 and M2 TAMs will favor tumor progression. Inflammation also stimulates the production of inflammatory mediators like reactive oxygen species (ROS). In chronic inflammation, ROS activates oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. In cancer, ROS plays a dual role with anti-tumorigenic and pro-tumorigenic effects in cell signaling pathways that control proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and inflammation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are known to be involved in BC progression and inflammation, can be regulated by ROS. At the same time, miRNAs regulate the expression of genes modulating oxidative stress. In this review, we will discuss the interplay between inflammation, ROS, and miRNAs as anticancer and tumor promoter molecules in BC. A clear understanding of the role of miRNAs in the regulation of ROS production and inflammation, may lead to new opportunities for therapy in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Villarreal-García
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - José Roberto Estupiñan-Jiménez
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Pablo E. Vivas-Mejía
- Department of Biochemestry, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Vianey Gonzalez-Villasana
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Vázquez-Guillén
- Departamento de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Diana Reséndez-Pérez
- Departmento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Departamento de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
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25
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Bathish B, Robertson H, Dillon JF, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hayes JD. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and mechanisms by which it is ameliorated by activation of the CNC-bZIP transcription factor Nrf2. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:221-261. [PMID: 35728768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a global health concern. It is characterised by fatty liver, hepatocyte cell death and inflammation, which are associated with lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron overload and oxidative stress. NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that combats oxidative stress. Remarkably, Nrf2 is downregulated during the development of NASH, which probably accelerates disease, whereas in pre-clinical studies the upregulation of Nrf2 inhibits NASH. We now review the scientific literature that proposes Nrf2 downregulation during NASH involves its increased ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation, mediated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and/or β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) and/or HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1, also called synoviolin (SYVN1)). Additionally, downregulation of Nrf2-mediated transcription during NASH may involve diminished recruitment of coactivators by Nrf2, due to increased levels of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, or competition for promoter binding due to upregulation of BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1). Many processes that downregulate Nrf2 are triggered by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), with oxidative stress amplifying its signalling. Oxidative stress may also increase suppression of Nrf2 by β-TrCP through facilitating formation of the DSGIS-containing phosphodegron in Nrf2 by glycogen synthase kinase-3. In animal models, knockout of Nrf2 increases susceptibility to NASH, while pharmacological activation of Nrf2 by inducing agents that target Keap1 inhibits development of NASH. These inducing agents probably counter Nrf2 downregulation affected by β-TrCP, Hrd1/SYVN1, ATF3, NF-κB p65 and Bach1, by suppressing oxidative stress. Activation of Nrf2 is also likely to inhibit NASH by ameliorating lipotoxicity, inflammation, ER stress and iron overload. Crucially, pharmacological activation of Nrf2 in mice in which NASH has already been established supresses liver steatosis and inflammation. There is therefore compelling evidence that pharmacological activation of Nrf2 provides a comprehensive multipronged strategy to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boushra Bathish
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Holly Robertson
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - John F Dillon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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26
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Antioxidant Systems, lncRNAs, and Tunneling Nanotubes in Cell Death Rescue from Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152277. [PMID: 35892574 PMCID: PMC9330437 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a rich source of carcinogens and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage macromolecules including DNA. Repair systems can restore DNA integrity. Depending on the duration or intensity of stress signals, cells may utilize various survival and adaptive mechanisms. ROS levels are kept in check through redundant detoxification processes controlled largely by antioxidant systems. This review covers and expands on the mechanisms available to cigarette smoke-exposed cancer cells for restoring the redox balance. These include multiple layers of transcriptional control, each of which is posited to be activated upon reaching a particular stress threshold, among them the NRF2 pathway, the AP-1 and NF-kB pathways, and, finally, TP53, which triggers apoptosis if extreme toxicity is reached. The review also discusses long noncoding RNAs, which have been implicated recently in regulating oxidative stress—with roles in ROS detoxification, the inflammatory response, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Lastly, the emerging roles of tunneling nanotubes in providing additional mechanisms for metabolic rescue and the regulation of redox imbalance are considered, further highlighting the expanded redox reset arsenal available to cells.
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27
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Pouremamali F, Pouremamali A, Dadashpour M, Soozangar N, Jeddi F. An update of Nrf2 activators and inhibitors in cancer prevention/promotion. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:100. [PMID: 35773670 PMCID: PMC9245222 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein is a basic-region leucine zipper transcription factor that defends against endogenous or exogenous stressors. By inducing several cytoprotective and detoxifying gene expressions, Nrf2 can increase the sensitivity of the cells to oxidants and electrophiles. Transient Nrf2 activation, by its specific activators, has protective roles against carcinogenesis and cancer development. However, permanent activation of Nrf2 promotes various cancer properties, comprising malignant progression, chemo/radio resistance, and poor patient prognosis. Taken together, these findings suggest that reaching an optimal balance between paradoxical functions of Nrf2 in malignancy may render a selective improvement to identify therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment. In this review, we describe lately discovered Nrf2 inducers and inhibitors, and their chemopreventive and/or anticancer activities. The Nrf2 pathway signifies one of the most significant cell defense procedures against exogenous or endogenous stressors. Certainly, by increasing the expression of several cytoprotective genes, the transcription factor Nrf2 can shelter cells and tissues from multiple sources of damage including electrophilic, xenobiotic, metabolic, and oxidative stress. Notably, the aberrant activation or accumulation of Nrf2, a common event in many tumors, confers a selective advantage to cancer cells and is connected to malignant progression, therapy resistance, and poor prognosis. Therefore, lately, Nrf2 has arisen as a hopeful target in treatment of cancer, and many struggles have been made to detect therapeutic strategies intended at disrupting its pro-oncogenic role. By summarizing the outcomes from past and recent studies, this review provided an overview concerning the Nrf2 pathway and the molecular mechanisms causing Nrf2 hyperactivation in cancer cells. Finally, this paper also described some of the most promising therapeutic approaches that have been successfully employed to counteract Nrf2 activity in tumors, with a particular emphasis on the development of natural compounds and the adoption of drug repurposing strategies. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Pouremamali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Pouremamali
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Narges Soozangar
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. .,Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Farhad Jeddi
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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28
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Regulatory pathways and drugs associated with ferroptosis in tumors. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:544. [PMID: 35688814 PMCID: PMC9187756 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of cell death that depends on iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The accumulation of iron and lipid peroxidation primarily initiates oxidative membrane damage during ferroptosis. The core molecular mechanism of ferroptosis includes the regulation of oxidation and the balance between damage and antioxidant defense. Tumor cells usually contain a large amount of H2O2, and ferrous/iron ions will react with excessive H2O2 in cells to produce hydroxyl radicals and induce ferroptosis in tumor cells. Here, we reviewed the latest studies on the regulation of ferroptosis in tumor cells and introduced the tumor-related signaling pathways of ferroptosis. We paid particular attention to the role of noncoding RNA, nanomaterials, the role of drugs, and targeted treatment using ferroptosis drugs for mediating the ferroptosis process in tumor cells. Finally, we discussed the currently unresolved problems and future research directions for ferroptosis in tumor cells and the prospects of this emerging field. Therefore, we have attempted to provide a reference for further understanding of the pathogenesis of ferroptosis and proposed new targets for cancer treatment.
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29
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Sundararajan V, Burk UC, Bajdak-Rusinek K. Revisiting the miR-200 Family: A Clan of Five Siblings with Essential Roles in Development and Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060781. [PMID: 35740906 PMCID: PMC9221129 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Over two decades of studies on small noncoding RNA molecules illustrate the significance of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in controlling multiple physiological and pathological functions through post-transcriptional and spatiotemporal gene expression. Among the plethora of miRs that are essential during animal embryonic development, in this review, we elaborate the indispensable role of the miR-200 family (comprising miR-200a, -200b, 200c, -141, and -429) in governing the cellular functions associated with epithelial homeostasis, such as epithelial differentiation and neurogenesis. Additionally, in pathological contexts, miR-200 family members are primarily involved in tumor-suppressive roles, including the reversal of the cancer-associated epithelial–mesenchymal transition dedifferentiation process, and are dysregulated during organ fibrosis. Moreover, recent eminent studies have elucidated the crucial roles of miR-200s in the pathophysiology of multiple neurodegenerative diseases and tissue fibrosis. Lastly, we summarize the key studies that have recognized the potential use of miR-200 members as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers, elaborating the application of these small biomolecules in aiding early cancer detection and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Sundararajan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | - Ulrike C. Burk
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Karolina Bajdak-Rusinek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-208-8382
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Dynamic modeling of Nrf2 pathway activation in liver cells after toxicant exposure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7336. [PMID: 35513409 PMCID: PMC9072554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are exposed to oxidative stress and reactive metabolites every day. The Nrf2 signaling pathway responds to oxidative stress by upregulation of antioxidants like glutathione (GSH) to compensate the stress insult and re-establish homeostasis. Although mechanisms describing the interaction between the key pathway constituents Nrf2, Keap1 and p62 are widely reviewed and discussed in literature, quantitative dynamic models bringing together these mechanisms with time-resolved data are limited. Here, we present an ordinary differential equation (ODE) based dynamic model to describe the dynamic response of Nrf2, Keap1, Srxn1 and GSH to oxidative stress caused by the soft-electrophile diethyl maleate (DEM). The time-resolved data obtained by single-cell confocal microscopy of green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporters and qPCR of the Nrf2 pathway components complemented with siRNA knock down experiments, is accurately described by the calibrated mathematical model. We show that the quantitative model can describe the activation of the Nrf2 pathway by compounds with a different mechanism of activation, including drugs which are known for their ability to cause drug induced liver-injury (DILI) i.e., diclofenac (DCF) and omeprazole (OMZ). Finally, we show that our model can reveal differences in the processes leading to altered activation dynamics amongst DILI inducing drugs.
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Non-coding RNAs in ferroptotic cancer cell death pathway: meet the new masters. Hum Cell 2022; 35:972-994. [PMID: 35415781 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in cancer therapy, cancer chemoresistance looms large along with radioresistance, a major challenge in dire need of thorough and minute investigation. Not long ago, cancer cells were reported to have proven refractory to the ferroptotic cell death, a newly discovered form of regulated cell death (RCD), conspicuous enough to draw attention from scholars in terms of targeting ferroptosis as a prospective therapeutic strategy. However, our knowledge concerning the underlying molecular mechanisms through which cancer cells gain immunity against ferroptosis is still in its infancy. Of late, the implication of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including circular RNAs (circRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in ferroptosis has been disclosed. Nevertheless, precisely explaining the molecular mechanisms behind the contribution of ncRNAs to cancer radio/chemotherapy resistance remains a challenge, requiring further clarification. In this review, we have presented the latest available information on the ways and means of regulating ferroptosis by ncRNAs. Moreover, we have provided important insights about targeting ncRNAs implicated in ferroptosis with the hope of opening up new horizons for overcoming cancer treatment modalities. Though a long path awaits until we make this ambitious dream come true, recent progress in gene therapy, including gene-editing technology will aid us to be optimistic that ncRNAs-based ferroptosis targeting would soon be on stream as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating cancer.
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Rockwell CE, Jin Y, Boss AP, Kaiser LM, Awali S. The Complicated Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid-Derived 2-Like 2 in Allergy and Asthma. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:500-507. [PMID: 34930784 PMCID: PMC11022934 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a stress-activated transcription factor that is highly responsive to oxidative stress and electrophilic stimuli. Upon activation, Nrf2 upregulates a battery of cytoprotective genes meant to prevent cell death or damage. In many models of inflammation, Nrf2 protects against the immune response and decreases injury, including in the context of asthma and allergy. However, in some models of asthma and allergy, Nrf2 either does not play a role or can even exacerbate inflammation. In general, the reasons behind these discrepancies are not clear and the mechanisms by which Nrf2 modulates immune response are largely uncharacterized. The aim of this review is to highlight current literature assessing the role of Nrf2 in allergy and asthma to understand Nrf2 as a potential therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is an important immune mediator that modulates numerous immune cell types in various inflammatory diseases, including allergy and asthma. There is considerable interest in Nrf2 as a drug target in inflammation, which is complicated by the complex nature of Nrf2 in the immune system. This review focuses on the role of Nrf2 in asthma and allergy, including in regulating immune cell function and in detoxifying xenobiotics that exacerbate these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl E Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Yining Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Allison P Boss
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Luca M Kaiser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Saamera Awali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Gall Trošelj K, Tomljanović M, Jaganjac M, Matijević Glavan T, Čipak Gašparović A, Milković L, Borović Šunjić S, Buttari B, Profumo E, Saha S, Saso L, Žarković N. Oxidative Stress and Cancer Heterogeneity Orchestrate NRF2 Roles Relevant for Therapy Response. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051468. [PMID: 35268568 PMCID: PMC8912061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and its end-products, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), initiate activation of the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2)/Kelch Like ECH Associated Protein 1 (KEAP1) signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. However, an involvement of 4-HNE and NRF2 in processes associated with the initiation of cancer, its progression, and response to therapy includes numerous, highly complex events. They occur through interactions between cancer and stromal cells. These events are dependent on many cell-type specific features. They start with the extent of NRF2 binding to its cytoplasmic repressor, KEAP1, and extend to the permissiveness of chromatin for transcription of Antioxidant Response Element (ARE)-containing genes that are NRF2 targets. This review will explore epigenetic molecular mechanisms of NRF2 transcription through the specific molecular anatomy of its promoter. It will explain the role of NRF2 in cancer stem cells, with respect to cancer therapy resistance. Additionally, it also discusses NRF2 involvement at the cross-roads of communication between tumor associated inflammatory and stromal cells, which is also an important factor involved in the response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koraljka Gall Trošelj
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marko Tomljanović
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Morana Jaganjac
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (A.Č.G.); (L.M.); (S.B.Š.); (N.Ž.)
| | - Tanja Matijević Glavan
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ana Čipak Gašparović
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (A.Č.G.); (L.M.); (S.B.Š.); (N.Ž.)
| | - Lidija Milković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (A.Č.G.); (L.M.); (S.B.Š.); (N.Ž.)
| | - Suzana Borović Šunjić
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (A.Č.G.); (L.M.); (S.B.Š.); (N.Ž.)
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Neven Žarković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (A.Č.G.); (L.M.); (S.B.Š.); (N.Ž.)
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Exosome-derived miR-200a promotes esophageal cancer cell proliferation and migration via the mediating Keap1 expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1295-1308. [PMID: 35137328 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that exosomes bearing certain microRNAs (miRNAs) are related to the physiological functions of different types of cancer cells. Our study aimed to elucidate the role of miR-200a in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We observed that miR-200a expression is higher in esophageal carcinoma cells, tissues, and exosomes than in normal cells and healthy tissues. We showed that exosome-shuttled miR-200a promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of esophageal cells and inhibits apoptosis, thereby leading to the progression of ESCC. We showed that miR-200a exerts its effects through its interaction with Keap1, thus altering the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Our results suggest that exosome-shuttled miR-200a might be useful as a biomarker for prognosis in patients with ESCC.
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Pillai R, Hayashi M, Zavitsanou AM, Papagiannakopoulos T. NRF2: KEAPing Tumors Protected. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:625-643. [PMID: 35101864 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway plays a physiologic protective role against xenobiotics and reactive oxygen species. However, activation of NRF2 provides a powerful selective advantage for tumors by rewiring metabolism to enhance proliferation, suppress various forms of stress, and promote immune evasion. Genetic, epigenetic, and posttranslational alterations that activate the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway are found in multiple solid tumors. Emerging clinical data highlight that alterations in this pathway result in resistance to multiple therapies. Here, we provide an overview of how dysregulation of the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway in cancer contributes to several hallmarks of cancer that promote tumorigenesis and lead to treatment resistance. SIGNIFICANCE: Alterations in the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway are found in multiple cancer types. Activation of NRF2 leads to metabolic rewiring of tumors that promote tumor initiation and progression. Here we present the known alterations that lead to NRF2 activation in cancer, the mechanisms in which NRF2 activation promotes tumors, and the therapeutic implications of NRF2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Pillai
- Department of Pathology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, New York.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Makiko Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Anastasia-Maria Zavitsanou
- Department of Pathology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Thales Papagiannakopoulos
- Department of Pathology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
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Jia W, Jolly MK, Levine H. NRF2-dependent Epigenetic Regulation can Promote the Hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal Phenotype. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:828250. [PMID: 35118079 PMCID: PMC8803900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.828250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process critical for wound healing, cancer metastasis and embryonic development. Recent efforts have identified the role of hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal states, having both epithelial and mesehncymal traits, in enabling cancer metastasis and resistance to various therapies. Also, previous work has suggested that NRF2 can act as phenotypic stability factor to help stablize such hybrid states. Here, we incorporate a phenomenological epigenetic feedback effect into our previous computational model for EMT signaling. We show that this type of feedback can stabilize the hybrid state as compared to the fully mesenchymal phenotype if NRF2 can influence SNAIL at an epigenetic level, as this link makes transitions out of hybrid state more difficult. However, epigenetic regulation on other NRF2-related links do not significantly change the EMT dynamics. Finally, we considered possible cell division effects in our epigenetic regulation model, and our results indicate that the degree of epigenetic inheritance does not appear to be a critical factor for the hybrid E/M state stabilizing behavior of NRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jia
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Mohit Kumar Jolly, ; Herbert Levine,
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Mohit Kumar Jolly, ; Herbert Levine,
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Bardallo RG, Panisello‐Roselló A, Sanchez‐Nuno S, Alva N, Roselló‐Catafau J, Carbonell T. Nrf2 and Oxidative Stress in liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. FEBS J 2021; 289:5463-5479. [PMID: 34967991 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel G. Bardallo
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Universitat de Barcelona Spain
| | - Arnau Panisello‐Roselló
- Experimental Pathology Department Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB) CSIC‐IDIBAPS Barcelona Spain
| | - Sergio Sanchez‐Nuno
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Universitat de Barcelona Spain
| | - Norma Alva
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Universitat de Barcelona Spain
| | - Joan Roselló‐Catafau
- Experimental Pathology Department Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB) CSIC‐IDIBAPS Barcelona Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology Universitat de Barcelona Spain
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Ghareghomi S, Rahban M, Moosavi-Movahedi Z, Habibi-Rezaei M, Saso L, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. The Potential Role of Curcumin in Modulating the Master Antioxidant Pathway in Diabetic Hypoxia-Induced Complications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247658. [PMID: 34946740 PMCID: PMC8706440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the leading player in the onset and development of various diseases. The Keap1-Nrf2 pathway is a pivotal antioxidant system that preserves the cells' redox balance. It decreases inflammation in which the nuclear trans-localization of Nrf2 as a transcription factor promotes various antioxidant responses in cells. Through some other directions and regulatory proteins, this pathway plays a fundamental role in preventing several diseases and reducing their complications. Regulation of the Nrf2 pathway occurs on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and these regulations play a significant role in its activity. There is a subtle correlation between the Nrf2 pathway and the pivotal signaling pathways, including PI3 kinase/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB and HIF-1 factors. This demonstrates its role in the development of various diseases. Curcumin is a yellow polyphenolic compound from Curcuma longa with multiple bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-viral activities. Since hyperglycemia and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the leading causes of common diabetic complications, reducing the generation of ROS can be a fundamental approach to dealing with these complications. Curcumin can be considered a potential treatment option by creating an efficient therapeutic to counteract ROS and reduce its detrimental effects. This review discusses Nrf2 pathway regulation at different levels and its correlation with other important pathways and proteins in the cell involved in the progression of diabetic complications and targeting these pathways by curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Ghareghomi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran; (S.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Mahdie Rahban
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran; (S.G.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Mehran Habibi-Rezaei
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
- Center of Excellence in NanoBiomedicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.H.-R.); (A.A.M.-M.); Tel.: +98-21-6111-3214 (M.H.-R.); +98-21-6111-3381 (A.A.M.-M.); Fax: +98-21-6697-1941 (M.H.-R.); +98-21-6640-4680 (A.A.M.-M.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer,” Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran; (S.G.); (M.R.)
- UNESCO Chair on Interdisciplinary Research in Diabetes, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.H.-R.); (A.A.M.-M.); Tel.: +98-21-6111-3214 (M.H.-R.); +98-21-6111-3381 (A.A.M.-M.); Fax: +98-21-6697-1941 (M.H.-R.); +98-21-6640-4680 (A.A.M.-M.)
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Bono S, Feligioni M, Corbo M. Impaired antioxidant KEAP1-NRF2 system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: NRF2 activation as a potential therapeutic strategy. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:71. [PMID: 34663413 PMCID: PMC8521937 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant species and, together with other numerous pathological mechanisms, leads to the degeneration and death of motor neurons (MNs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). MAIN BODY Two of the main players in the molecular and cellular response to OS are NRF2, the transcription nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and its principal negative regulator, KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH (erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology)-associated protein 1. Here we first provide an overview of the structural organization, regulation, and critical role of the KEAP1-NRF2 system in counteracting OS, with a focus on its alteration in ALS. We then examine several compounds capable of promoting NRF2 activity thereby inducing cytoprotective effects, and which are currently in different stages of clinical development for many pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSIONS Although challenges associated with some of these compounds remain, important advances have been made in the development of safer and more effective drugs that could actually represent a breakthrough for fatal degenerative diseases such as ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bono
- Need Institute, Laboratory of Neurobiology for Translational Medicine, c/o Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Need Institute, Laboratory of Neurobiology for Translational Medicine, c/o Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
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Jin X, Zheng Y, Chen Z, Wang F, Bi G, Li M, Liang J, Sui Q, Bian Y, Hu Z, Qiao Y, Xu S. Integrated analysis of patients with KEAP1/NFE2L2/CUL3 mutations in lung adenocarcinomas. Cancer Med 2021; 10:8673-8692. [PMID: 34617407 PMCID: PMC8633244 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the clinical features, molecular characteristics, and immune landscape of lung adenocarcinoma patients with KEAP1/NFE2L2/CUL3 mutations. Methods The multi‐omics data from the GDC‐TCGA LUAD project of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were downloaded from the Xena browser. The estimate of the immune infiltration was implemented by using the GSVA analysis and CIBERSORT. The status of KEAP1/NFE2L2/CUL3 mutation in 50 LUAD samples of our department was detected by using Sanger sequencing, following the relative expression level of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) was validated by IHC and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Results The Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox regression analyses demonstrated that KEAP1/NFE2L2/CUL3 mutations had independent prognostic value for OS and PFS in LUAD patients. The differential analysis detected 207 upregulated genes (like GSR/UGT1A6) and 447 downregulated genes (such as PIGR). GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses demonstrated that DEGs were enriched in glutamate metabolism and the immune response. The constructed ceRNA network shows the linkage of differential lncRNAs and mRNAs. Three hundred and nine somatic mutations were detected, alterations in immune infiltration DNA methylations and stemness scores were also founded between the two groups. Eight mutated LUAD patients were detected by Sanger DNA sequencing in 50 surgical patients. GSR and UGT1A6 were validated to express higher in the Mut group, whereas the expression of PIGR was restrained. Furthermore, the IHC staining conducted on paraffin‐embedded tissue emphasizes the consistency of our result. Conclusion This research implemented the comprehensive analysis of KEAP1/NFE2L2/CUL3 somatic mutations in the LUAD patients. Compared with the wild type of LUAD patients, the Mut group shows a large difference in clinical features, RNA sequence, DNA methylation, and immune infiltrations, indicating complex mechanism oncogenesis and also reveals potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuansheng Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhencong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoshu Bi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihai Sui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyi Bian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulei Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songtao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Emerging role of ferroptosis in breast cancer: New dawn for overcoming tumor progression. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107992. [PMID: 34606782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has become a serious threat to women's health. Cancer progression is mainly derived from resistance to apoptosis induced by procedures or therapies. Therefore, new drugs or models that can overcome apoptosis resistance should be identified. Ferroptosis is a recently identified mode of cell death characterized by excess reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation. Since ferroptosis is distinct from apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, its induction successfully eliminates cancer cells that are resistant to other modes of cell death. Therefore, ferroptosis may become a new direction around which to design breast cancer treatment. Unfortunately, the complete appearance of ferroptosis in breast cancer has not yet been fully elucidated. Furthermore, whether ferroptosis inducers can be used in combination with traditional anti- breast cancer drugs is still unknown. Moreover, a summary of ferroptosis in breast cancer progression and therapy is currently not available. In this review, we discuss the roles of ferroptosis-associated modulators glutathione, glutathione peroxidase 4, iron, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2, superoxide dismutases, lipoxygenase and coenzyme Q in breast cancer. Furthermore, we provide evidence that traditional drugs against breast cancer induce ferroptosis, and that ferroptosis inducers eliminate breast cancer cells. Finally, we put forward prospect of using ferroptosis inducers in breast cancer therapy, and predict possible obstacles and corresponding solutions. This review will deepen our understanding of the relationship between ferroptosis and breast cancer, and provide new insights into breast cancer-related therapeutic strategies.
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Li L, Huang Y, Zhang Z. Expression profile of miRNAs involved in the hepatoprotective effects of curcumin against oxidative stress in Nile tilapia. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 237:105896. [PMID: 34174576 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol with antioxidant activity that has been used to protect the health of fish livers. Our previous studies about comparative transcriptome have shown that curcumin can enhance the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway and induce downstream anti-stress genes to maintain cell viability. However, the possible role of miRNAs in the protective mechanism of curcumin is not understood. In this study, the tilapia hepatocyte H2O2 stress model was used, and the miRNA expression profile for four groups (control group, curcumin group, H2O2 group, and protection group) were established by high-throughput sequencing. In our results, 278-333 types of Oreochromis niloticus miRNAs, 309-543 types of conserved miRNAs, and 535-746 types of novel miRNAs were identified in different samples. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified by comparing miRNA expression profiles among the four groups. The expression levels were confirmed by q-PCR. The target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted, and their functional annotations were enriched by GO and KEGG analysis, which revealed that many target genes were involved in "response to stimulus" and "antioxidant activity" in each pair of groups. Several miRNAs related to oxidative stress showed differential expression. For example, in the H2O2 group, the expression of miR-122 was decreased, and the expression of miR-21 and miR-489 increased significantly. In the curcumin group, the expression of miR-153b was decreased, and the expression of miR-200a and miR-29 was increased significantly. miR-153b, miR-200a, and miR-29 may be involved in the regulation of the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway by curcumin. This work might provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of miRNA regulation of curcumin on the prevention and alleviation of liver diseases in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linming Li
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yifan Huang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
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43
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Pajares MJ, Alemany-Cosme E, Goñi S, Bandres E, Palanca-Ballester C, Sandoval J. Epigenetic Regulation of microRNAs in Cancer: Shortening the Distance from Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147350. [PMID: 34298969 PMCID: PMC8306710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease involving alterations of multiple processes, with both genetic and epigenetic features contributing as core factors to the disease. In recent years, it has become evident that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), an epigenetic factor, play a key role in the initiation and progression of cancer. MicroRNAs, the most studied non-coding RNAs subtype, are key controllers in a myriad of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression of miRNAs is controlled, concomitantly, by other epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, resulting in aberrant patterns of expression upon the occurrence of cancer. In this sense, aberrant miRNA landscape evaluation has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer management. In this review, we have focused on the regulation (biogenesis, processing, and dysregulation) of miRNAs and their role as modulators of the epigenetic machinery. We have also highlighted their potential clinical value, such as validated diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and their relevant role as chromatin modifiers in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Pajares
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.J.P.); (S.G.)
- IDISNA Navarra’s Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Ester Alemany-Cosme
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Health Research Institute la Fe, 460026 Valencia, Spain; (E.A.-C.); (C.P.-B.)
| | - Saioa Goñi
- Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.J.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Eva Bandres
- IDISNA Navarra’s Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Immunology Unit, Department of Hematology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cora Palanca-Ballester
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Health Research Institute la Fe, 460026 Valencia, Spain; (E.A.-C.); (C.P.-B.)
| | - Juan Sandoval
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Health Research Institute la Fe, 460026 Valencia, Spain; (E.A.-C.); (C.P.-B.)
- Epigenomics Core Facility, Health Research Institute la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-961246709
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Jin X, Bai X, Zhao Y, Dong Z, Pang J, Liu M, Liu X. Nrf2 Participates in M2 Polarization by Trichinella spiralis to Alleviate TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698494. [PMID: 34249002 PMCID: PMC8261282 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis induced alternative activated macrophages (M2), leading to protect against Crohn's disease, known as Th1 -related inflammation, which enhances oxidative stress in the host. However, the relationship of oxidative stress and T. spiralis -mediated immune response is still unknown. In our study, we showed that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), a key transcription factor in antioxidant, participated in M2 polarization induced by T. spiralis muscle larval excretory/secretory (ES) products in vitro. ES -treated M2 were injected intravenously after TNBS challenge and we demonstrated that ES-M could alleviate the severity of the colitis in mice. Adoptive transfer of ES -treated M2 decreased the level of IFN-γ and increased the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in vivo. However, the capacity of ES -treated Nrf2 KO macrophages to treat colitis was dramatically impaired. ES -treated Nrf2 KO macrophages was insufficient to result in the elevated levels of IL-4 and IL-10. These findings indicate that Nrf2 was required for M2 polarization induced by T. spiralis ES to alleviate colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zijian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianda Pang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Panieri E, Saso L. Inhibition of the NRF2/KEAP1 Axis: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy to Alter Redox Balance of Cancer Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1428-1483. [PMID: 33403898 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (NRF2/KEAP1) pathway is a crucial and highly conserved defensive system that is required to maintain or restore the intracellular homeostasis in response to oxidative, electrophilic, and other types of stress conditions. The tight control of NRF2 function is maintained by a complex network of biological interactions between positive and negative regulators that ultimately ensure context-specific activation, culminating in the NRF2-driven transcription of cytoprotective genes. Recent Advances: Recent studies indicate that deregulated NRF2 activation is a frequent event in malignant tumors, wherein it is associated with metabolic reprogramming, increased antioxidant capacity, chemoresistance, and poor clinical outcome. On the other hand, the growing interest in the modulation of the cancer cells' redox balance identified NRF2 as an ideal therapeutic target. Critical Issues: For this reason, many efforts have been made to identify potent and selective NRF2 inhibitors that might be used as single agents or adjuvants of anticancer drugs with redox disrupting properties. Despite the lack of specific NRF2 inhibitors still represents a major clinical hurdle, the researchers have exploited alternative strategies to disrupt NRF2 signaling at different levels of its biological activation. Future Directions: Given its dualistic role in tumor initiation and progression, the identification of the appropriate biological context of NRF2 activation and the specific clinicopathological features of patients cohorts wherein its inactivation is expected to have clinical benefits, will represent a major goal in the field of cancer research. In this review, we will briefly describe the structure and function of the NRF2/ KEAP1 system and some of the most promising NRF2 inhibitors, with a particular emphasis on natural compounds and drug repurposing. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1428-1483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer," University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer," University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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46
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Carrella S, Massa F, Indrieri A. The Role of MicroRNAs in Mitochondria-Mediated Eye Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653522. [PMID: 34222230 PMCID: PMC8249810 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina is among the most metabolically active tissues with high-energy demands. The peculiar distribution of mitochondria in cells of retinal layers is necessary to assure the appropriate energy supply for the transmission of the light signal. Photoreceptor cells (PRs), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) present a great concentration of mitochondria, which makes them particularly sensitive to mitochondrial dysfunction. To date, visual loss has been extensively correlated to defective mitochondrial functions. Many mitochondrial diseases (MDs) show indeed neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, including retinal and optic nerve phenotypes. Moreover, abnormal mitochondrial functions are frequently found in the most common retinal pathologies, i.e., glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR), that share clinical similarities with the hereditary primary MDs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are established as key regulators of several developmental, physiological, and pathological processes. Dysregulated miRNA expression profiles in retinal degeneration models and in patients underline the potentiality of miRNA modulation as a possible gene/mutation-independent strategy in retinal diseases and highlight their promising role as disease predictive or prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge about the participation of miRNAs in both rare and common mitochondria-mediated eye diseases. Definitely, given the involvement of miRNAs in retina pathologies and therapy as well as their use as molecular biomarkers, they represent a determining target for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filomena Massa
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Indrieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy.,Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
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Che J, Yang J, Zhao B, Shang P. HO-1: A new potential therapeutic target to combat osteoporosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174219. [PMID: 34081904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) exerts a protective effect against cell damage and induces the activity of many enzymes involved in the treatment of many human diseases, including osteoporosis. The increasing prevalence of osteoporosis and the limitations of the current treatments available led to a continuous occurrence of bone loss and osteoporotic fractures, highlighting the need of a better understanding of the mechanism and function of HO-1. Many factors cause osteoporosis, including lack of estrogen, aging, and iron overload, and they either cause the increase in inflammatory factors or the increase in reactive oxygen species to break bone reconstruction balance. Therefore, regulating the production of inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species may become a strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis. Solid evidence showed that the overexpression of HO-1 compensates high oxidation levels by increasing intracellular antioxidant levels and reduces inflammation by suppressing pro-inflammatory factors. Some extracts can target HO-1 and ameliorate osteoporosis. However, no systematic report is available on therapies targeting HO-1 to combat osteoporosis. Therefore, this review summarizes the biological characteristics of HO-1, and the relationship between inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species production regulated by HO-1 and osteoporosis. The understanding of the role of HO-1 in osteoporosis may provide ideas for a potential clinical treatment and new drugs targeting HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Che
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Department of Spinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
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Kang Q, Tong Y, Gowd V, Wang M, Chen F, Cheng KW. Oral administration of EGCG solution equivalent to daily achievable dosages of regular tea drinkers effectively suppresses miR483-3p induced metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:3381-3392. [PMID: 33900350 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00664a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of non-cytotoxic doses of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the metastatic capability of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo. miR483-3p, a microRNA whose expression correlates inversely with survival and positively with disease progression in HCC patients, was found to promote HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro as well as lung metastasis in nude mice established by the tail-vein injection of HCC cells. The induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and downregulation of antioxidant defense factors Nrf2 and SOD2 appeared to be an important underlying mechanism and treatment with a non-cytotoxic dose of EGCG effectively reversed the miR483-3p-induced enhancement of HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro. Moreover, administration through drinking water at doses (0.1% and 0.5% EGCG solution, respectively) equivalent to the intake of regular to heavy tea drinkers could also significantly inhibit lung metastasis of HCC cells based on the estimation from the USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods and FDA guidelines for the conversion of animal dose to human equivalent dose. EGCG also significantly counteracted the miR483-3p-induced alteration in the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, E-cadherin and vimentin, and downregulated the endogenous expression of miR483-3p in HCC cells through an epigenetic mechanism that led to the hypermethylation of the miR483-3p promoter region. The data from our study illustrate that miR483-3p promotes HCC metastasis likely through the induction of oxidative stress and uncover a novel role of EGCG for protection against miR483-3p-mediated HCC metastasis via the epigenetic modulation of miR483-3p expression. These findings therefore provide further evidence supporting that regular tea consumption may contribute to protection against miR-483-3p-induced ROS and the associated HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzheng Kang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yin Tong
- Department of pathology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Vemana Gowd
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060, China. and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China and Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Schmidlin CJ, Shakya A, Dodson M, Chapman E, Zhang DD. The intricacies of NRF2 regulation in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:110-119. [PMID: 34020028 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex role of NRF2 in the context of cancer continues to evolve. As a transcription factor, NRF2 regulates various genes involved in redox homeostasis, protein degradation, DNA repair, and xenobiotic metabolism. As such, NRF2 is critical in preserving cell function and viability, particularly during stress. Importantly, NRF2 itself is regulated via a variety of mechanisms, and the mode of NRF2 activation often dictates the duration of NRF2 signaling and its role in either preventing cancer initiation or promoting cancer progression. Herein, different modes of NRF2 regulation, including oxidative stress, autophagy dysfunction, protein-protein interactions, and epigenetics, as well as pharmacological modulators targeting this cascade in cancer, are explored. Specifically, how the timing and duration of these different mechanisms of NRF2 induction affect tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis are discussed. Additionally, progress in the discovery and development of NRF2 inhibitors for the treatment of NRF2-addicted cancers is highlighted, including modulators that inhibit specific NRF2 downstream targets. Overall, a better understanding of the intricate nature of NRF2 regulation in specific cancer contexts should facilitate the generation of novel therapeutics designed to not only prevent tumor initiation, but also halt progression and ultimately improve patient wellbeing and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Schmidlin
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Aryatara Shakya
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew Dodson
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eli Chapman
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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50
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Nitti M, Ivaldo C, Traverso N, Furfaro AL. Clinical Significance of Heme Oxygenase 1 in Tumor Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050789. [PMID: 34067625 PMCID: PMC8155918 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) plays a key role in cell adaptation to stressors through the antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties of its metabolic products. For these reasons, in cancer cells, HO-1 can favor aggressiveness and resistance to therapies, leading to poor prognosis/outcome. Genetic polymorphisms of HO-1 promoter have been associated with an increased risk of cancer progression and a high degree of therapy failure. Moreover, evidence from cancer biopsies highlights the possible correlation between HO-1 expression, pathological features, and clinical outcome. Indeed, high levels of HO-1 in tumor specimens often correlate with reduced survival rates. Furthermore, HO-1 modulation has been proposed in order to improve the efficacy of antitumor therapies. However, contrasting evidence on the role of HO-1 in tumor biology has been reported. This review focuses on the role of HO-1 as a promising biomarker of cancer progression; understanding the correlation between HO-1 and clinical data might guide the therapeutic choice and improve the outcome of patients in terms of prognosis and life quality.
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