1
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Borlak J, Ciribilli Y, Bisio A, Selvaraj S, Inga A, Oh JH, Spanel R. The Abl1 tyrosine kinase is a key player in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy and its p53/p73 cell death mediated signaling differs in atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes. J Transl Med 2024; 22:845. [PMID: 39285385 PMCID: PMC11403941 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin is an important anticancer drug, however, elicits dose-dependently cardiomyopathy. Given its mode of action, i.e. topoisomerase inhibition and DNA damage, we investigated genetic events associated with cardiomyopathy and searched for mechanism-based possibilities to alleviate cardiotoxicity. We treated rats at clinically relevant doses of doxorubicin. Histopathology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) defined cardiac lesions, and transcriptomics unveiled cardiomyopathy-associated gene regulations. Genomic-footprints revealed critical components of Abl1-p53-signaling, and EMSA-assays evidenced Abl1 DNA-binding activity. Gene reporter assays confirmed Abl1 activity on p53-targets while immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated Abl1, p53&p73 signaling. RESULTS Doxorubicin treatment caused dose-dependently toxic cardiomyopathy, and TEM evidenced damaged mitochondria and myofibrillar disarray. Surviving cardiomyocytes repressed Parkin-1 and Bnip3-mediated mitophagy, stimulated dynamin-1-like dependent mitochondrial fission and induced anti-apoptotic Bag1 signaling. Thus, we observed induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Transcriptomics discovered heterogeneity in cellular responses with minimal overlap between treatments, and the data are highly suggestive for distinct cardiomyocyte (sub)populations which differed in their resilience and reparative capacity. Genome-wide footprints revealed Abl1 and p53 enriched binding sites in doxorubicin-regulated genes, and we confirmed Abl1 DNA-binding activity in EMSA-assays. Extraordinarily, Abl1 signaling differed in the heart with highly significant regulations of Abl1, p53 and p73 in atrial cardiomyocytes. Conversely, in ventricular cardiomyocytes, Abl1 solely-modulated p53-signaling that was BAX transcription-independent. Gene reporter assays established Abl1 cofactor activity for the p53-reporter PG13-luc, and ectopic Abl1 expression stimulated p53-mediated apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The tyrosine kinase Abl1 is of critical importance in doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy, and we propose its inhibition as means to diminish risk of cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Yari Ciribilli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bisio
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Saravanakumar Selvaraj
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alberto Inga
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Reinhard Spanel
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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2
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Liu J, Wang H, Wan H, Yang J, Gao L, Wang Z, Zhang X, Han W, Peng J, Yang L, Hong L. NEK6 dampens FOXO3 nuclear translocation to stabilize C-MYC and promotes subsequent de novo purine synthesis to support ovarian cancer chemoresistance. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:661. [PMID: 39256367 PMCID: PMC11387829 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-07045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
De novo purine synthesis metabolism plays a crucial role in tumor cell survival and malignant progression. However, the specific impact of this metabolic pathway on chemoresistance in ovarian cancer remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the influence of de novo purine synthesis on chemoresistance in ovarian cancer and its underlying regulatory mechanisms. We analyzed metabolic differences between chemosensitive and chemoresistant ovarian cancer tissues using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Cell growth, metabolism, chemoresistance, and DNA damage repair characteristics were assessed in vitro using cell line models. Tumor growth and chemoresistance were assessed in vivo using ovarian cancer xenograft tumors. Intervention of purines and NEK6-mediated purine metabolism on chemoresistance was investigated at multiple levels. Chemoresistant ovarian cancers exhibited higher purine abundance and NEK6 expression. Inhibiting NEK6 led to decreased de novo purine synthesis, resulting in diminished chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells. Mechanistically, NEK6 directly interacted with FOXO3, contributing to the phosphorylation of FOXO3 at S7 through its kinase activity, thereby inhibiting its nuclear translocation. Nuclear FOXO3 promoted FBXW7 transcription, leading to c-MYC ubiquitination and suppression of de novo purine synthesis. Paeonol, by inhibiting NEK6, suppressed de novo purine synthesis and enhanced chemosensitivity. The NEK6-mediated reprogramming of de novo purine synthesis emerges as a critical pathway influencing chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Paeonol exhibits the potential to interfere with NEK6, thereby inhibiting chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The First Clinical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The First Clinical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanzhi Wan
- The First Clinical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Likun Gao
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The First Clinical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- The First Clinical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wuyue Han
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The First Clinical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaxin Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The First Clinical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lian Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The First Clinical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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3
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Li S, Ren W, Zheng J, Li S, Zhi K, Gao L. Role of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification in oxidative stress-induced autophagy: a novel target for bone remodeling. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:358. [PMID: 38987770 PMCID: PMC11238385 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a dynamic post-translational modification (PTM) involving the covalent binding of serine and/or threonine residues, which regulates bone cell homeostasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased due to oxidative stress in various pathological contexts related to bone remodeling, such as osteoporosis, arthritis, and bone fracture. Autophagy serves as a scavenger for ROS within bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts. However, oxidative stress-induced autophagy is affected by the metabolic status, leading to unfavorable clinical outcomes. O-GlcNAcylation can regulate the autophagy process both directly and indirectly through oxidative stress-related signaling pathways, ultimately improving bone remodeling. The present interventions for the bone remodeling process often focus on promoting osteogenesis or inhibiting osteoclast absorption, ignoring the effect of PTM on the overall process of bone remodeling. This review explores how O-GlcNAcylation synergizes with autophagy to exert multiple regulatory effects on bone remodeling under oxidative stress stimulation, indicating the application of O-GlcNAcylation as a new molecular target in the field of bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqian Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenhao Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shaoming Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Keqian Zhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China.
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China.
- Key Laboratory of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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4
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Liu QQ, Wu GH, Wang XC, Xiong XW, Rui-Wang, Yao BL. The role of Foxo3a in neuron-mediated cognitive impairment. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1424561. [PMID: 38962803 PMCID: PMC11220205 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1424561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (COI) is a prevalent complication across a spectrum of brain disorders, underpinned by intricate mechanisms yet to be fully elucidated. Neurons, the principal cell population of the nervous system, orchestrate cognitive processes and govern cognitive balance. Extensive inquiry has spotlighted the involvement of Foxo3a in COI. The regulatory cascade of Foxo3a transactivation implicates multiple downstream signaling pathways encompassing mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis, collectively affecting neuronal activity. Notably, the expression and activity profile of neuronal Foxo3a are subject to modulation via various modalities, including methylation of promoter, phosphorylation and acetylation of protein. Furthermore, upstream pathways such as PI3K/AKT, the SIRT family, and diverse micro-RNAs intricately interface with Foxo3a, engendering alterations in neuronal function. Through several downstream routes, Foxo3a regulates neuronal dynamics, thereby modulating the onset or amelioration of COI in Alzheimer's disease, stroke, ischemic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury. Foxo3a is a potential therapeutic cognitive target, and clinical drugs or multiple small molecules have been preliminarily shown to have cognitive-enhancing effects that indirectly affect Foxo3a. Particularly noteworthy are multiple randomized, controlled, placebo clinical trials illustrating the significant cognitive enhancement achievable through autophagy modulation. Here, we discussed the role of Foxo3a in neuron-mediated COI and common cognitively impaired diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bao-Le Yao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, China
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5
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Li H, Tang X, Sun Z, Qu Z, Zou X. Integrating bioinformatics and experimental models to investigate the mechanism of the chelidonine-induced mitotic catastrophe via the AKT/FOXO3/FOXM1 axis in breast cancer cells. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2024; 24:560-574. [PMID: 37976368 PMCID: PMC11088894 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is currently the most frequent and lethal cancer among women, and therefore, identification of novel biomarkers and potential anticancer agents for BC is crucial. Chelidonine is one of the main active ingredients of Chelidonium majus, which has been applied in Chinese medicine prescriptions to treat cancer. This paper aimed to evaluate the ability of chelidonine to trigger mitotic catastrophe in BC cells and to clarify its mechanism through the AKT/FOXO3/FOXM1 pathway. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) was downregulated in different subtypes of BC. Factors such as age, stage, Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grade, diverse BC subclasses, and triple-negative status were inversely correlated to FOXO3 levels in BC patients compared with healthy controls. Notably, patients exhibiting higher FOXO3 expression levels demonstrated better overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). Moreover, FOXM1 levels were negatively correlated with both OS and RFS in BC patients. These results revealed that FOXO3 might be considered a predictive biomarker for the prognosis of BC. By utilizing Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), we delved into the main Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathways of FOXO3, and the results suggested that FOXO3 was mainly involved in cancer-related pathways and the cell cycle. Thereafter, MTT and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis indicated that chelidonine inhibited BC cell line proliferation and induced M phase arrest. It was found that chelidonine treatment induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis, significantly reduced the expression of survivin and promoted the expression of p53 and caspase-9. Further morphological observation illustrated depolymerization of the actin skeleton and shortening of actin filaments in BC cells, leading to the typical characteristics of mitotic catastrophe, such as abnormal mitosis and multinucleated cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that chelidonine inhibited the expression of p-AKT to promote the expression of FOXO3 protein and weaken the expression levels of FOXM1 and polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Taken together, our present work proved that FOXO3 might be considered a potential therapeutic target for BC. Chelidonine emerges as a promising agent to treat BC by inducing M phase arrest of BC cells and hindering the AKT/FOXO3/FOXM1 axis, thereby inducing mitotic catastrophe in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Xiyu Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongyuan Qu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Zou
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
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6
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Din ZU, Cui B, Wang C, Zhang X, Mehmood A, Peng F, Liu Q. Crosstalk between lipid metabolism and EMT: emerging mechanisms and cancer therapy. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04995-1. [PMID: 38622439 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Lipids are the key component of all membranes composed of a variety of molecules that transduce intracellular signaling and provide energy to the cells in the absence of nutrients. Alteration in lipid metabolism is a major factor for cancer heterogeneity and a newly identified cancer hallmark. Reprogramming of lipid metabolism affects the diverse cancer phenotypes, especially epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT activation is considered to be an essential step for tumor metastasis, which exhibits a crucial role in the biological processes including development, wound healing, and stem cell maintenance, and has been widely reported to contribute pathologically to cancer progression. Altered lipid metabolism triggers EMT and activates multiple EMT-associated oncogenic pathways. Although the role of lipid metabolism-induced EMT in tumorigenesis is an attractive field of research, there are still significant gaps in understanding the underlying mechanisms and the precise contributions of this interplay. Further study is needed to clarify the specific molecular mechanisms driving the crosstalk between lipid metabolism and EMT, as well as to determine the potential therapeutic implications. The increased dependency of tumor cells on lipid metabolism represents a novel therapeutic target, and targeting altered lipid metabolism holds promise as a strategy to suppress EMT and ultimately inhibit metastasis.
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Grants
- 2022YFA1104002 National Key R&D Program of China
- 2022YFA1104002 National Key R&D Program of China
- 2022YFA1104002 National Key R&D Program of China
- 2022YFA1104002 National Key R&D Program of China
- No. 82373096, No. 82273480, No. 82002960, No. 82003141 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- No. 82373096, No. 82273480, No. 82002960, No. 82003141 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- No. 82373096, No. 82273480, No. 82002960, No. 82003141 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- No. 82373096, No. 82273480, No. 82002960, No. 82003141 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2023JH2/101600019 to FP Applied Basic Research Planning Project of Liaoning
- 2023JH2/101600019 to FP Applied Basic Research Planning Project of Liaoning
- 2023JH2/101600019 to FP Applied Basic Research Planning Project of Liaoning
- 2023JH2/101600019 to FP Applied Basic Research Planning Project of Liaoning
- 2023RY013 Science and Technology Talent Innovation Support Policy Implementation Program of Dalian-Outstanding young scientific and technological talents
- 2023RY013 Science and Technology Talent Innovation Support Policy Implementation Program of Dalian-Outstanding young scientific and technological talents
- 2023RY013 Science and Technology Talent Innovation Support Policy Implementation Program of Dalian-Outstanding young scientific and technological talents
- 2023RY013 Science and Technology Talent Innovation Support Policy Implementation Program of Dalian-Outstanding young scientific and technological talents
- 2021RQ004 Dalian High-level Talents Innovation Support Program-Young Science and Technology Star
- 2021RQ004 Dalian High-level Talents Innovation Support Program-Young Science and Technology Star
- 2021RQ004 Dalian High-level Talents Innovation Support Program-Young Science and Technology Star
- 2021RQ004 Dalian High-level Talents Innovation Support Program-Young Science and Technology Star
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Ud Din
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Lvshun South Street, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bai Cui
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Lvshun South Street, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Cenxin Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Lvshun South Street, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Lvshun South Street, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Lvshun South Street, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China.
| | - Quentin Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Lvshun South Street, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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7
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Cheng M, Nie Y, Song M, Chen F, Yu Y. Forkhead box O proteins: steering the course of stem cell fate. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 13:7. [PMID: 38466341 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-024-00190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells are pivotal players in the intricate dance of embryonic development, tissue maintenance, and regeneration. Their behavior is delicately balanced between maintaining their pluripotency and differentiating as needed. Disruptions in this balance can lead to a spectrum of diseases, underscoring the importance of unraveling the complex molecular mechanisms that govern stem cell fate. Forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins, a family of transcription factors, are at the heart of this intricate regulation, influencing a myriad of cellular processes such as survival, metabolism, and DNA repair. Their multifaceted role in steering the destiny of stem cells is evident, as they wield influence over self-renewal, quiescence, and lineage-specific differentiation in both embryonic and adult stem cells. This review delves into the structural and regulatory intricacies of FOXO transcription factors, shedding light on their pivotal roles in shaping the fate of stem cells. By providing insights into the specific functions of FOXO in determining stem cell fate, this review aims to pave the way for targeted interventions that could modulate stem cell behavior and potentially revolutionize the treatment and prevention of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Cheng
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujie Nie
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Song
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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8
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Guo X, Peng K, He Y, Xue L. Mechanistic regulation of FOXO transcription factors in the nucleus. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189083. [PMID: 38309444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
FOXO proteins represent evolutionarily conserved transcription factors (TFs) that play critical roles in responding to various physiological signals or pathological stimuli, either through transcription-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Dysfunction of these proteins have been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. Although the regulation of FOXO TFs shuttling between the cytoplasm and the nucleus has been extensively studied and reviewed, there's still a lack of a comprehensive review focusing on the intricate interactions between FOXO, DNA, and cofactors in the regulation of gene expression. In this review, we aim to summarize recent advances and provide a detailed understanding of the mechanism underlying FOXO proteins binding to target DNA. Additionally, we will discuss the challenges associated with pharmacological approaches in modulating FOXO function, and explore the dynamic association between TF, DNA, and RNA on chromatin. This review will contribute to a better understanding of mechanistic regulations of eukaryotic TFs within the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; The Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
| | - Kai Peng
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanwen He
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Suman I, Šimić L, Čanadi Jurešić G, Buljević S, Klepac D, Domitrović R. The interplay of mitophagy, autophagy, and apoptosis in cisplatin-induced kidney injury: involvement of ERK signaling pathway. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:98. [PMID: 38402208 PMCID: PMC10894217 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01872-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AKI induced by CP chemotherapy remains an obstacle during patient treatments. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK), key participants in CP-induced nephrotoxicity, are suggested to be involved in the regulation of mitophagy, autophagy, and apoptosis. Human renal proximal tubular cells (HK-2) and BALB/cN mice were used to determine the role of ERK in CP-induced AKI. We found that active ERK is involved in cell viability reduction during apoptotic events but exerts a protective role in the early stages of treatment. Activation of ERK acts as a maintainer of the mitochondrial population and is implicated in mitophagy initiation but has no significant role in its conduction. In the late stages of CP treatment when ATP is deprived, general autophagy that requires ERK activation is initiated as a response, in addition to apoptosis activation. Furthermore, activation of ERK is responsible for the decrease in reserve respiratory capacity and controls glycolysis regulation during CP treatment. Additionally, we found that ERK activation is also required for the induction of NOXA gene and protein expression as well as FoxO3a nuclear translocation, but not for the regular ERK-induced phosphorylation of FoxO3a on Ser294. In summary, this study gives detailed insight into the involvement of ERK activation and its impact on key cellular processes at different time points during CP-induced kidney injury. Inhibitors of ERK activation, including Mirdametinib, are important in the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AKI in patients receiving CP chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Suman
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Lidija Šimić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Point-of-Care Laboratory, Emergency Department Sušak, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Gordana Čanadi Jurešić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sunčica Buljević
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Damir Klepac
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Centre for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Robert Domitrović
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
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10
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Dong Z, Guo Z, Li H, Han D, Xie W, Cui S, Zhang W, Huang S. FOXO3a-interacting proteins' involvement in cancer: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:196. [PMID: 38270719 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Due to its role in apoptosis, differentiation, cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage repair in stress responses (oxidative stress, hypoxia, chemotherapeutic drugs, and UV irradiation or radiotherapy), FOXO3a is considered a key tumor suppressor that determines radiotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic responses in cancer cells. Mutations in the FOXO3a gene are rare, even in cancer cells. Post-translational regulations are the main mechanisms for inactivating FOXO3a. The subcellular localization, stability, transcriptional activity, and DNA binding affinity for FOXO3a can be modulated via various post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and interactions with other transcriptional factors or regulators. This review summarizes how proteins that interact with FOXO3a engage in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Dong
- Health College, Yantai Nanshan University, Yantai, 265700, Shandong, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Zongming Guo
- Health College, Yantai Nanshan University, Yantai, 265700, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Health College, Yantai Nanshan University, Yantai, 265700, Shandong, China
| | - Dequan Han
- Health College, Yantai Nanshan University, Yantai, 265700, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Health College, Yantai Nanshan University, Yantai, 265700, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoning Cui
- Health College, Yantai Nanshan University, Yantai, 265700, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Health College, Yantai Nanshan University, Yantai, 265700, Shandong, China.
| | - Shuhong Huang
- Health College, Yantai Nanshan University, Yantai, 265700, Shandong, China.
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China.
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China.
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11
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Milković L, Mlinarić M, Lučić I, Čipak Gašparović A. The Involvement of Peroxiporins and Antioxidant Transcription Factors in Breast Cancer Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5747. [PMID: 38136293 PMCID: PMC10741870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is still the leading cause of death in women of all ages. The reason for this is therapy resistance, which leads to the progression of the disease and the formation of metastases. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a multifactorial process that leads to therapy failure. MDR involves multiple processes and many signaling pathways that support each other, making it difficult to overcome once established. Here, we discuss cellular-oxidative-stress-modulating factors focusing on transcription factors NRF2, FOXO family, and peroxiporins, as well as their possible contribution to MDR. This is significant because oxidative stress is a consequence of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, and the activation of detoxification pathways could modulate the cellular response to therapy and could support MDR. These proteins are not directly responsible for MDR, but they support the survival of cancer cells under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Čipak Gašparović
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.M.); (M.M.); (I.L.)
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12
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Sasivimolrattana T, Chaiwongkot A, Bhattarakosol P. HPV16E1 downregulation altered the cell characteristics involved in cervical cancer development. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18217. [PMID: 37880374 PMCID: PMC10600143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary causes of cervical cancer are human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) and/or other high-risk (Hr -) HPV infections. Hr-HPVE5, E6, and E7 have been identified as oncoproteins that play roles in the development of cancer. However, other HPV proteins, especially E1, may also be involved in cancer development. In this study, the role of HPV16E1 in cervical carcinogenesis was examined by siRNA knockdown experiments using SiHa cells as a model. The results showed that HPV16E1 regulated P-FOXO3a and HPV16E7 expression. Various cell functions associated with the hallmarks of cancer, including cell viability, colony formation, invasion, and anchorage-independent cell growth, were altered when HPV16E1 was downregulated. However, no effect on cell migration and apoptosis properties was found. Moreover, HPV16E1 downregulation resulted in an increase in cisplatin susceptibility. In conclusion, this is the first demonstration that HPV16E1 might be regarded as a possible novel oncoprotein involved in several processes related to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanayod Sasivimolrattana
- Medical Microbiology Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Arkom Chaiwongkot
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Parvapan Bhattarakosol
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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13
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Mattioli R, Ilari A, Colotti B, Mosca L, Fazi F, Colotti G. Doxorubicin and other anthracyclines in cancers: Activity, chemoresistance and its overcoming. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 93:101205. [PMID: 37515939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthracyclines have been important and effective treatments against a number of cancers since their discovery. However, their use in therapy has been complicated by severe side effects and toxicity that occur during or after treatment, including cardiotoxicity. The mode of action of anthracyclines is complex, with several mechanisms proposed. It is possible that their high toxicity is due to the large set of processes involved in anthracycline action. The development of resistance is a major barrier to successful treatment when using anthracyclines. This resistance is based on a series of mechanisms that have been studied and addressed in recent years. This work provides an overview of the anthracyclines used in cancer therapy. It discusses their mechanisms of activity, toxicity, and chemoresistance, as well as the approaches used to improve their activity, decrease their toxicity, and overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mattioli
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Colotti
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy.
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Kim H, Kim MJ, Moon SA, Cho HJ, Lee YS, Park SJ, Kim Y, Baek IJ, Kim BJ, Lee SH, Koh JM. Aortic carboxypeptidase-like protein, a putative myokine, stimulates the differentiation and survival of bone-forming osteoblasts. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23104. [PMID: 37486753 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300140r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
A new target that stimulates bone formation is needed to overcome limitations of current anti-osteoporotic drugs. Myokines, factors secreted from muscles, may modulate it. In this study, we investigated the role of aortic carboxypeptidase-like protein (ACLP), which is highly expressed in skeletal muscles, on bone formation. MC3T3-E1 cells and/or calvaria osteoblasts were treated with recombinant N-terminal mouse ACLP containing a signal peptide [rmACLP (N)]. The expression and secretion of ACLP were higher in skeletal muscle and differentiated myotube than in other tissues and undifferentiated myoblasts, respectively. rmACLP (N) increased bone formation, ALP activity, and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in osteoblasts; reversal was achieved by pre-treatment with a TGF-β receptor inhibitor. Under H2 O2 treatment, rmACLP (N) increased osteoblast survival, phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase, and the nuclear translocation of FoxO3a in osteoblasts. H2 O2 treatment caused rmACLP (N) to suppress its apoptotic, oxidative, and caspase-9 activities. rmACLP (N)-stimulated osteoblast survival was reversed by pre-treatment with a p38 inhibitor, a TGF-β-receptor II blocking antibody, and a FoxO3a shRNA. Conditioned media (CM) from muscle cells stimulated osteoblast survival under H2 O2 treatment, in contrast to CM from ACLP knockdown muscle cells. rmACLP (N) increased the expressions of FoxO3a target anti-oxidant genes such as Sod2, Trx2, and Prx5. In conclusion, ACLP stimulated the differentiation and survival of osteoblasts. This led to the stimulation of bone formation by the activation of p38 MAP kinase and/or FoxO3a via TGF-β receptors. These findings suggest a novel role for ACLP in bone metabolism as a putative myokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ah Moon
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Jin Cho
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jeong Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yewon Kim
- AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Targets Involved in the Anti-Cancer Activity of Quercetin in Breast, Colorectal and Liver Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032952. [PMID: 36769274 PMCID: PMC9918234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals have long been effective partners in the fight against several diseases, including cancer. Among these, flavonoids are valuable allies for both cancer prevention and therapy since they are known to influence a large panel of tumor-related processes. Particularly, it was revealed that quercetin, one of the most common flavonoids, controls apoptosis and inhibits migration and proliferation, events essential for the development of cancer. In this review, we collected the evidence on the anti-cancer activity of quercetin exploring the network of interactions between this flavonol and the proteins responsible for cancer onset and progression focusing on breast, colorectal and liver cancers, owing to their high worldwide incidence. Moreover, quercetin proved to be also a potentiating agent able to push further the anti-cancer activity of common employed anti-neoplastic agents, thus allowing to lower their dosages and, above all, to sensitize again resistant cancer cells. Finally, novel approaches to delivery systems can enhance quercetin's pharmacokinetics, thus boosting its great potentiality even further. Overall, quercetin has a lot of promise, given its multi-target potentiality; thus, more research is strongly encouraged to properly define its pharmaco-toxicological profile and evaluate its potential for usage in adjuvant and chemoprevention therapy.
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16
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Liu Y, Liu R, Huang L, Zuo G, Dai J, Gao L, Shi H, Fang Y, Lu Q, Okada T, Wang Z, Hu X, Lenahan C, Tang J, Xiao J, Zhang JH. Inhibition of Prostaglandin E2 Receptor EP3 Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis Partially by Modulating p38MAPK/FOXO3/Mul1/Mfn2 Pathway after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7727616. [PMID: 36531208 PMCID: PMC9757947 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7727616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis contribute to pathological processes of early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Previous studies demonstrated that the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 suppressed oxidative stress and apoptotic effects after Alzheimer's disease and intracerebral hemorrhage. This study is aimed at investigating the antioxidative stress and antiapoptotic effect of EP3 inhibition and the underlying mechanisms in a rat mode of SAH. A total of 263 Sprague-Dawley male rats were used. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation. Selective EP3 antagonist L798106 was administered intranasally at 1 h, 25 h, and 49 h after SAH induction. EP3 knockout CRISPR and FOXO3 activation CRISPR were administered intracerebroventricularly at 48 h prior to SAH, while selective EP3 agonist sulprostone was administered at 1 h prior to SAH. SAH grade, neurological deficits, western blots, immunofluorescence staining, Fluoro-Jade C staining, TUNEL staining, 8-OHdG staining, and Nissl staining were conducted after SAH. The expression of endogenous PGES2 increased and peaked at 12 h while the expression of EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4, and Mul1 increased and peaked at 24 h in the ipsilateral brain after SAH. EP3 was expressed mainly in neurons. The inhibition of EP3 with L798106 or EP3 KO CRISPR ameliorated the neurological impairments, brain tissue oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis after SAH. To examine potential downstream mediators of EP3, we examined the effect of the increased expression of activated FOXO3 following the administration of FOXO3 activation CRISPR. Mechanism studies demonstrated that L798106 treatment significantly decreased the expression of EP3, p-p38, p-FOXO3, Mul1, 4-HNE, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 but upregulated the expression of Mfn2 and Bcl-2 in SAH rats. EP3 agonist sulprostone or FOXO3 activation CRISPR abolished the neuroprotective effects of L798106 and its regulation on expression of p38MAPK/FOXO3/Mul1/Mfn2 in the ipsilateral brain after SAH. In conclusion, the inhibition of EP3 by L798106 attenuated oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis partly through p38MAPK/FOXO3/Mul1/Mfn2 pathway post-SAH in rats. EP3 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for SAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Gang Zuo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Jiaxing Dai
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Takeshi Okada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - John H. Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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17
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Gui T, Burgering BMT. FOXOs: masters of the equilibrium. FEBS J 2022; 289:7918-7939. [PMID: 34610198 PMCID: PMC10078705 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors (TFs) are a subclass of the larger family of forkhead TFs. Mammalians express four members FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6. The interest in FOXO function stems mostly from their observed role in determining lifespan, where in model organisms, increased FOXO activity results in extended lifespan. FOXOs act as downstream of several signaling pathway and are extensively regulated through post-translational modifications. The transcriptional program activated by FOXOs in various cell types, organisms, and under various conditions has been described and has shed some light on what the critical transcriptional targets are in mediating FOXO function. At the cellular level, these studies have revealed a role for FOXOs in cell metabolism, cellular redox, cell proliferation, DNA repair, autophagy, and many more. The general picture that emerges hereof is that FOXOs act to preserve equilibrium, and they are important for cellular homeostasis. Here, we will first briefly summarize the general knowledge of FOXO regulation and possible functions. We will use genomic stability to illustrate how FOXOs ensure homeostasis. Genomic stability is critical for maintaining genetic integrity, and therefore preventing disease. However, genomic mutations need to occur during lifetime to enable evolution, yet their accumulation is believed to be causative to aging. Therefore, the role of FOXO in genomic stability may underlie its role in lifespan and aging. Finally, we will come up with questions on some of the unknowns in FOXO function, the answer(s) to which we believe will further our understanding of FOXO function and ultimately may help to understand lifespan and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Gui
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Oncode Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn M T Burgering
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and the Oncode Institute, The Netherlands
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18
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Potočnjak I, Šimić L, Vukelić I, Batičić L, Domitrović R. Oleanolic acid induces HCT116 colon cancer cell death through the p38/FOXO3a/Sirt6 pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 363:110010. [PMID: 35690101 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural compound that possesses numerous beneficial health effects, including anticancer activity. The current study aimed to investigate the role of forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) in autophagy/mitophagy by OA in HCT116 cell line. OA dose-dependently reduced viability of HCT116 cells, with IC50 = 29.8 μΜ. The expression of cleaved caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 increased after OA treatment, suggesting induction of apoptosis. Concurrently, OA induced autophagy, evidenced by increased expression of Beclin-1, autophagy-related protein 5 and microtubule-associated protein1A/1B-light chain 3 beta (LC3B), which played a prosurvival role. The induction of mitophagy was suggested by increased expression of p62 and PTEN-induced kinase 1 and reduced expression of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20, which colocalized with LC3B. OA also induced nuclear accumulation of forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a). The cytotoxic activity of OA coincided with upregulation of p38. Inhibition of p38 led to increase in FOXO3a and NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 6 expression. In vivo, OA inhibited tumor growth in colon cancer xenograft mice. Our results suggest concomitant induction of apoptosis and prosurvival mitophagy by OA in colon cancer via p38/FOXO3a/Sirt6 signaling. Additionally, our data demonstrate that OA can chemosensitize colon cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Potočnjak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lidija Šimić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Iva Vukelić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lara Batičić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Robert Domitrović
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia.
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19
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Li X, Jia Y, Wang J, Ao X. FOXO3a in cancer drug resistance. Cancer Lett 2022; 540:215724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinases (MAPKAPKs) are defined by their exclusive activation by MAPKs. They can be activated by classical and atypical MAPKs that have been stimulated by mitogens and various stresses. Genetic deletions of MAPKAPKs and availability of highly specific small-molecule inhibitors have continuously increased our functional understanding of these kinases. MAPKAPKs cooperate in the regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription; RNA processing, export, and stability; and protein synthesis. The diversity of stimuli for MAPK activation, the cross talk between the different MAPKs and MAPKAPKs, and the specific substrate pattern of MAPKAPKs orchestrate immediate-early and inflammatory responses in space and time and ensure proper control of cell growth, differentiation, and cell behavior. Hence, MAPKAPKs are promising targets for cancer therapy and treatments for conditions of acute and chronic inflammation, such as cytokine storms and rheumatoid arthritis. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biochemistry, Volume 91 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ronkina
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany;
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany;
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21
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Zhu C, Shen S, Zhang S, Huang M, Zhang L, Chen X. Autophagy in Bone Remodeling: A Regulator of Oxidative Stress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:898634. [PMID: 35846332 PMCID: PMC9279723 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.898634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis involves bone formation and bone resorption, which are processes that maintain skeletal health. Oxidative stress is an independent risk factor, causing the dysfunction of bone homeostasis including osteoblast-induced osteogenesis and osteoclast-induced osteoclastogenesis, thereby leading to bone-related diseases, especially osteoporosis. Autophagy is the main cellular stress response system for the limination of damaged organelles and proteins, and it plays a critical role in the differentiation, apoptosis, and survival of bone cells, including bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. High evels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by oxidative stress induce autophagy to protect against cell damage or even apoptosis. Additionally, pathways such as ROS/FOXO3, ROS/AMPK, ROS/Akt/mTOR, and ROS/JNK/c-Jun are involved in the regulation of oxidative stress-induced autophagy in bone cells, including osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts. This review discusses how autophagy regulates bone formation and bone resorption following oxidative stress and summarizes the potential protective mechanisms exerted by autophagy, thereby providing new insights regarding bone remodeling and potential therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Shen
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Huang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Chen, ; Lan Zhang,
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Chen, ; Lan Zhang,
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22
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Up-regulation of miR-34b/c by JNK and FOXO3 protects from liver fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025242118. [PMID: 33649241 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025242118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α1-Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a common genetic disease presenting with lung and liver diseases. AAT deficiency results from pathogenic variants in the SERPINA1 gene encoding AAT and the common mutant Z allele of SERPINA1 encodes for Z α1-antitrypsin (ATZ), a protein forming hepatotoxic polymers retained in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes. PiZ mice express the human ATZ and are a valuable model to investigate the human liver disease of AAT deficiency. In this study, we investigated differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) between PiZ and control mice and found that miR-34b/c was up-regulated and its levels correlated with intrahepatic ATZ. Furthermore, in PiZ mouse livers, we found that Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3) driving microRNA-34b/c (miR-34b/c) expression was activated and miR-34b/c expression was dependent upon c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation on Ser574 Deletion of miR-34b/c in PiZ mice resulted in early development of liver fibrosis and increased signaling of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a target of miR-34b/c. Activation of FOXO3 and increased miR-34c were confirmed in livers of humans with AAT deficiency. In addition, JNK-activated FOXO3 and miR-34b/c up-regulation were detected in several mouse models of liver fibrosis. This study reveals a pathway involved in liver fibrosis and potentially implicated in both genetic and acquired causes of hepatic fibrosis.
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He C, Lu S, Wang XZ, Wang CC, Wang L, Liang SP, Luo TF, Wang ZC, Piao MH, Chi GF, Ge PF. FOXO3a protects glioma cells against temozolomide-induced DNA double strand breaks via promotion of BNIP3-mediated mitophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1324-1337. [PMID: 33879840 PMCID: PMC8285492 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXO3a (forkhead box transcription factor 3a) is involved in regulating multiple biological processes in cancer cells. BNIP3 (Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3) is a receptor accounting for priming damaged mitochondria for autophagic removal. In this study we investigated the role of FOXO3a in regulating the sensitivity of glioma cells to temozolomide (TMZ) and its relationship with BNIP3-mediated mitophagy. We showed that TMZ dosage-dependently inhibited the viability of human U87, U251, T98G, LN18 and rat C6 glioma cells with IC50 values of 135.75, 128.26, 142.65, 155.73 and 111.60 μM, respectively. In U87 and U251 cells, TMZ (200 μM) induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), which was accompanied by BNIP3-mediated mitophagy and FOXO3a accumulation in nucleus. TMZ treatment induced intracellular ROS accumulation in U87 and U251 cells via enhancing mitochondrial superoxide, which not only contributed to DNA DSBs and exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction, but also upregulated FOXO3a expression. Knockdown of FOXO3a aggravated TMZ-induced DNA DSBs and mitochondrial damage, as well as glioma cell death. TMZ treatment not only upregulated BNIP3 and activated autophagy, but also triggered mitophagy by prompting BNIP3 translocation to mitochondria and reinforcing BNIP3 interaction with LC3BII. Inhibition of mitophagy by knocking down BNIP3 with SiRNA or blocking autophagy with 3MA or bafilomycin A1 exacerbated mitochondrial superoxide and intracellular ROS accumulation. Moreover, FOXO3a knockdown inhibited TMZ-induced BNIP3 upregulation and autophagy activation. In addition, we showed that treatment with TMZ (100 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip) for 12 days in C6 cell xenograft mice markedly inhibited tumor growth accompanied by inducing FOXO3a upregulation, oxidative stress and BNIP3-mediated mitophagy in tumor tissues. These results demonstrate that FOXO3a attenuates temozolomide-induced DNA double strand breaks in human glioma cells via promoting BNIP3-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xuan-Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chong-Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shi-Peng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Tian-Fei Luo
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mei-Hua Piao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guang-Fan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Peng-Fei Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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24
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Vieri M, Preisinger C, Schemionek M, Salimi A, Patterson JB, Samali A, Brümmendorf TH, Appelmann I, Kharabi Masouleh B. Targeting of BCR-ABL1 and IRE1α induces synthetic lethality in Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:272-284. [PMID: 32915195 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BCR-ABL1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell survival is dependent on the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α) branch of the unfolded protein response. In the current study, we have focused on exploring the efficacy of a simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of BCR-ABL1 and IRE1α in Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) ALL using tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) nilotinib and the IRE1α inhibitor MKC-8866. The combination of 0.5 µM nilotinib and 30 µM MKC-8866 in Ph+ ALL cell lines led to a synergistic effect on cell viability. To mimic this dual inhibition on a genetic level, pre-B-cells from conditional Xbp1+/fl mice were transduced with a BCR-ABL1 construct and with either tamoxifen-inducible cre or empty vector. Cells showed a significant sensitization to the effect of TKIs after the induction of the heterozygous deletion. Finally, we performed a phosphoproteomic analysis on Ph+ ALL cell lines treated with the combination of nilotinib and MKC-8866 to identify potential targets involved in their synergistic effect. An enhanced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase α (p38α MAPK) was identified. In line with this findings, p38 MAPK and, another important endoplasmic reticulum-stress-related kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were found to mediate the potentiated cytotoxic effect induced by the combination of MKC-8866 and nilotinib since the targeting of p38 MAPK with its specific inhibitor BIRB-796 or JNK with JNK-in-8 hindered the synergistic effect observed upon treatment with nilotinib and MKC-8866. In conclusion, the identified combined action of nilotinib and MKC-8866 might represent a successful therapeutic strategy in high-risk Ph+ ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Vieri
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Preisinger
- Proteomics Facility, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mirle Schemionek
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Aachen, Germany
| | - Azam Salimi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Aachen, Germany
| | - Iris Appelmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Aachen, Germany
| | - Behzad Kharabi Masouleh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Aachen, Germany
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25
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Rana T, Behl T, Sehgal A, Mehta V, Singh S, Sharma N, Bungau S. Elucidating the Possible Role of FoxO in Depression. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2761-2775. [PMID: 34075521 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box-O (FoxO) transcriptional factors perform essential functions in several physiological and biological processes. Recent studies have shown that FoxO is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Changes in the upstream mediators of FoxOs including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and protein kinase B have been associated with depressive disorder and the antidepressant agents are known to alter the phosphorylation of FoxOs. Moreover, FoxOs might be regulated by serotonin or noradrenaline signaling and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis,both of them are associated with the development of the depressive disorder. FoxO also regulates neural morphology, synaptogenesis, and neurogenesis in the hippocampus, which accounts for the pathogenesis of the depressive disorder. The current article underlined the potential functions of FoxOs in the etiology of depressive disorder and formulate few essential proposals for further investigation. The review also proposes that FoxO and its signal pathway might establish possible therapeutic mediators for the management of depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapati Rana
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.,Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Distt., Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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26
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Abstract
FOXO proteins are transcription factors that are involved in numerous physiological processes and in various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic neurological diseases. For example, FOXO proteins are context-dependent tumour suppressors that are frequently inactivated in human cancers, and FOXO3 is the second most replicated gene associated with extreme human longevity. Therefore, pharmacological manipulation of FOXO proteins is a promising approach to developing therapeutics for cancer and for healthy ageing. In this Review, we overview the role of FOXO proteins in health and disease and discuss the pharmacological approaches to modulate FOXO function.
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27
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Kase AM, Copland III JA, Tan W. Novel Therapeutic Strategies for CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10499-10513. [PMID: 33116629 PMCID: PMC7576355 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s266085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer will have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Investigative efforts on new therapeutics for this patient population have improved with the development of androgen signaling inhibitors, such as abiraterone and enzalutamide, and PARP inhibitors, such as rucaparib and olaparib, to accompany the previously FDA-approved docetaxel, cabazitaxel, sipuleucel-T, and Radium 223. However, new therapeutic strategies are necessary to prolong survival as progression after these agents is inevitable. CDK4/6 inhibitors have advanced the field of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer treatment and are being investigated in prostate cancer given the role of androgen receptor signaling effects on the cell cycle. Response to CDK4/6 inhibitors may be predicted by the tumors' genomic profile and may provide insight into combinatory therapy with CDK4/6 inhibitors in order to delay resistance or provide synergistic effects. Here, we review the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in prostate cancer and potential combinations based on known resistance mechanisms to CDK4/6 inhibitors, prostate cancer regulatory pathways, and prostate-cancer-specific genomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Kase
- Mayo Clinic Florida Division of Hematology Oncology, Jacksonville, FL32224, USA
| | - John A Copland III
- Mayo Clinic Florida Department of Cancer Biology, Jacksonville, FL32224, USA
| | - Winston Tan
- Mayo Clinic Florida Division of Hematology Oncology, Jacksonville, FL32224, USA
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28
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Roßwag S, Thiede G, Sleeman JP, Thaler S. RASSF1A Suppresses Estrogen-Dependent Breast Cancer Cell Growth through Inhibition of the Yes-Associated Protein 1 (YAP1), Inhibition of the Forkhead Box Protein M1 (FOXM1), and Activation of Forkhead Box Transcription Factor 3A (FOXO3A). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092689. [PMID: 32967092 PMCID: PMC7566002 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is expressed by the majority of breast cancers and plays an important role in breast cancer development and tumor outgrowth. Although ERα is well known to be a specific and efficient therapeutic target, the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the control of ERα expression and function in the context of breast cancer initiation and progression are complex and not completely elucidated. In previous work, we have demonstrated that the tumor suppressor RASSF1A inhibits ERα expression and function in ERα-positive breast cancer cells through an AKT-dependent mechanism. Transcriptional activators such as forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) and forkhead transcription factor 3A (FOXO3A) and signaling pathways such as the Hippo pathway are also known to modulate ERα expression and activity. Here we report that RASSF1A acts as an inhibitor of ERα-driven breast cancer cell growth through a complex, hierarchically organized network that initially involves suppression of the Hippo effector Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), which is followed by inhibition of AKT1 activity, increased FOXO3A activity as well as a blockade of FOXM1 and ERα expression. Together our findings provide important new mechanistic insights into how the loss of RASSF1A contributes to ERα+ breast cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Roßwag
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (S.R.); (G.T.); (J.P.S.)
| | - Gitta Thiede
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (S.R.); (G.T.); (J.P.S.)
| | - Jonathan P. Sleeman
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (S.R.); (G.T.); (J.P.S.)
- KIT Campus Nord, Institute for Toxicology and Genetics, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sonja Thaler
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (S.R.); (G.T.); (J.P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-621-383-71599; Fax: +49-621-383-71451
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29
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Abstract
Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors regulate diverse biological processes, affecting development, metabolism, stem cell maintenance and longevity. They have also been increasingly recognised as tumour suppressors through their ability to regulate genes essential for cell proliferation, cell death, senescence, angiogenesis, cell migration and metastasis. Mechanistically, FOXO proteins serve as key connection points to allow diverse proliferative, nutrient and stress signals to converge and integrate with distinct gene networks to control cell fate, metabolism and cancer development. In consequence, deregulation of FOXO expression and function can promote genetic disorders, metabolic diseases, deregulated ageing and cancer. Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumour often via the bloodstream or the lymphatic system and is the major cause of cancer death. The regulation and deregulation of FOXO transcription factors occur predominantly at the post-transcriptional and post-translational levels mediated by regulatory non-coding RNAs, their interactions with other protein partners and co-factors and a combination of post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation and ubiquitination. This review discusses the role and regulation of FOXO proteins in tumour initiation and progression, with a particular emphasis on cancer metastasis. An understanding of how signalling networks integrate with the FOXO transcription factors to modulate their developmental, metabolic and tumour-suppressive functions in normal tissues and in cancer will offer a new perspective on tumorigenesis and metastasis, and open up therapeutic opportunities for malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannasittha Jiramongkol
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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30
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Nuclear P38: Roles in Physiological and Pathological Processes and Regulation of Nuclear Translocation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176102. [PMID: 32847129 PMCID: PMC7504396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK, termed here p38) cascade is a central signaling pathway that transmits stress and other signals to various intracellular targets in the cytoplasm and nucleus. More than 150 substrates of p38α/β have been identified, and this number is likely to increase. The phosphorylation of these substrates initiates or regulates a large number of cellular processes including transcription, translation, RNA processing and cell cycle progression, as well as degradation and the nuclear translocation of various proteins. Being such a central signaling cascade, its dysregulation is associated with many pathologies, particularly inflammation and cancer. One of the hallmarks of p38α/β signaling is its stimulated nuclear translocation, which occurs shortly after extracellular stimulation. Although p38α/β do not contain nuclear localization or nuclear export signals, they rapidly and robustly translocate to the nucleus, and they are exported back to the cytoplasm within minutes to hours. Here, we describe the physiological and pathological roles of p38α/β phosphorylation, concentrating mainly on the ill-reviewed regulation of p38α/β substrate degradation and nuclear translocation. In addition, we provide information on the p38α/β ’s substrates, concentrating mainly on the nuclear targets and their role in p38α/β functions. Finally, we also provide information on the mechanisms of nuclear p38α/β translocation and its use as a therapeutic target for p38α/β-dependent diseases.
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31
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Han J, Wu J, Silke J. An overview of mammalian p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, central regulators of cell stress and receptor signaling. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32612808 PMCID: PMC7324945 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.22092.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 family is a highly evolutionarily conserved group of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that is involved in and helps co-ordinate cellular responses to nearly all stressful stimuli. This review provides a succinct summary of multiple aspects of the biology, role, and substrates of the mammalian family of p38 kinases. Since p38 activity is implicated in inflammatory and other diseases, we also discuss the clinical implications and pharmaceutical approaches to inhibit p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
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32
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Kim DH, Jang JH, Kwon OS, Cha HJ, Youn HJ, Chun KS, Surh YJ. Nuclear Factor Erythroid-Derived 2-Like 2-Induced Reductive Stress Favors Self-Renewal of Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells via the FoxO3a-Bmi-1 Axis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1313-1329. [PMID: 31672029 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aims: A subpopulation of cancer cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), has stemness properties, such as self-renewal and differentiation, which drive cancer recurrence and tumor resistance. CSCs possess enhanced protection capabilities to maintain reduced intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with nonstem-like cancer cells. This study investigated whether reductive stress could regulate self-renewal activity in breast CSCs. Results: We found that manifestation of stemness in breast cancer stem-like cells was associated with an elevated production of reduced glutathione (GSH) maintained by upregulation of glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and consequently, lowered ROS levels. This was accompanied by upregulation of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase, FoxO3a, and Bmi-1. Notably, expression of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) protein was substantially increased in cells undergoing sphere formation. We noticed that expression of Bmi-1 was inhibited after introduction of Nrf2 short interfering RNA into MCF-7 mammosphere cells. Silencing of Nrf2 expression suppressed the xenograft growth of subcutaneously or orthotopically injected human breast cancer cells. Innovation: Association between Nrf2 and self-renewal signaling in CSCs has been reported, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unresolved. This study demonstrates the Nrf2-mediated signaling pathway in maintenance of reductive stress in breast CSCs. Conclusion: Nrf2 overactivation in breast CSCs upregulates GCLC expression and consequently enhances GSH biosynthesis with concurrent reduction in intracellular ROS accumulation, thereby provoking the reductive stress. The consequent upregulation of nuclear FoxO3a and its binding to the promoter of the gene encoding Bmi-1 account for the self-renewal activity of breast cancer stem-like cells and their growth in a xenograft mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hee Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Jang
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Youn
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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33
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Exercise enhances skeletal muscle regeneration by promoting senescence in fibro-adipogenic progenitors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:889. [PMID: 32060352 PMCID: PMC7021787 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies cause progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. Since high-dose glucocorticoids might not lead to full recovery of muscle function, physical exercise is also an important intervention, but some exercises exacerbate chronic inflammation and muscle fibrosis. It is unknown how physical exercise can have both beneficial and detrimental effects in chronic myopathy. Here we show that senescence of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) in response to exercise-induced muscle damage is needed to establish a state of regenerative inflammation that induces muscle regeneration. In chronic inflammatory myopathy model mice, exercise does not promote FAP senescence or resistance against tumor necrosis factor–mediated apoptosis. Pro-senescent intervention combining exercise and pharmacological AMPK activation reverses FAP apoptosis resistance and improves muscle function and regeneration. Our results demonstrate that the absence of FAP senescence after exercise leads to muscle degeneration with FAP accumulation. FAP-targeted pro-senescent interventions with exercise and pharmacological AMPK activation may constitute a therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory myopathy. Some exercises exacerbate chronic inflammation and muscle fibrosis in chronic myopathy. Here, the authors show that senescence of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) in response to exercise induces muscle regeneration, and impaired FAP senescence worsens inflammation and fibrosis in chronic myopathy in mice.
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34
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Aimjongjun S, Mahmud Z, Jiramongkol Y, Alasiri G, Yao S, Yagüe E, Janvilisri T, Lam EWF. Lapatinib sensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is modulated by SIRT2-mediated FOXO3 deacetylation. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1106. [PMID: 31727006 PMCID: PMC6854897 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemoresistance is an obstacle to the successful treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Lapatinib is a targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapeutic drug also used to treat NPC, but high doses are often required to achieve a result. To investigate the mechanism for the development of Lapatinib resistance, we characterised a number of NPC cell lines to determine the role of FOXO3 and sirtuins in regulating NPC resistance. Methods Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays, Clonogenic assays, Protein extraction, quantification and western blotting, RT qPCR, Co-immunoprecipitation assay. Results To explore novel treatment strategies, we first characterized the Lapatinib-sensitivity of a panel of NPC cell lines by SRB and clonogenic cytotoxic assays and found that the metastatic NPC (C666–1 and 5-8F) cells are highly resistant whereas the poorly metastatic lines (6-10B, TW01 and HK-1) are sensitive to Lapatinib. Western blot analysis of the Lapatinib-sensitive 6-10B and resistant 5-8F NPC cells showed that the expression of phosphorylated/inactive FOXO3 (P-FOXO3;T32), its target FOXM1 and its regulator SIRT2 correlate negatively with Lapatinib response and sensitivity, suggesting that SIRT2 mediates FOXO3 deacetylation to promote Lapatinib resistance. In agreement, clonogenic cytotoxic assays using wild-type and foxo1/3/4−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) showed that FOXO1/3/4-deletion significantly attenuates Lapatinib-induced cytotoxicity, confirming that FOXO proteins are essential for mediating Lapatinib response. SRB cell viability assays using chemical SIRT inhibitors (i.e. sirtinol, Ex527, AGK2 and AK1) revealed that all SIRT inhibitors can reduce NPC cell viability, but only the SIRT2-specific inhibitors AK1 and AGK2 further enhance the Lapatinib cytotoxicity. Consistently, clonogenic assays demonstrated that the SIRT2 inhibitors AK1 and AGK2 as well as SIRT2-knockdown increase Lapatinib cytotoxicity further in both the sensitive and resistant NPC cells. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that besides Lapatinib treatment, SIRT2-pharmaceutical inhibition and silencing also led to an increase in FOXO3 acetylation. Importantly, SIRT2 inhibition and depletion further enhanced Lapatinib-mediated FOXO3-acetylation in NPC cells. Conclusion Collectively, our results suggest the involvement of SIRT2-mediated FOXO3 deacetylation in Lapatinib response and sensitivity, and that SIRT2 can specifically antagonise the cytotoxicity of Lapatinib through mediating FOXO3 deacetylation in both sensitive and resistant NPC cells. The present findings also propose that SIRT2 can be an important biomarker for metastatic and Lapatinib resistant NPC and that targeting the SIRT2-FOXO3 axis may provide novel strategies for treating NPC and for overcoming chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathid Aimjongjun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Multidisciplinary Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yannasittha Jiramongkol
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Glowi Alasiri
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Shang Yao
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Multidisciplinary Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tavan Janvilisri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Ding R, Wang X, Chen W, Li Z, Wei AL, Wang QB, Nie AH, Wang LL. WX20120108, a novel IAP antagonist, induces tumor cell autophagy via activating ROS-FOXO pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1466-1479. [PMID: 31316176 PMCID: PMC6889436 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and some IAP antagonists were found to regulate autophagy, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. WX20120108 is an analogue of GDC-0152 (a known IAP antagonist) and displays more potent anti-tumor and autophagy-regulating activity in tumor cells, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms underlying WX20120108-induced autophagy. Using molecular docking and fluorescence polarization anisotropy (FPA) competitive assay, we first demonstrated that WX20120108, acting as an IAP antagonist, bound to the XIAP-BIR3, XIAP BIR2-BIR3, cIAP1 BIR3, and cIAP2 BIR3 domains with high affinities. In six cancer cell lines, WX20120108 inhibited the cell proliferation with potencies two to ten-fold higher than that of GDC-0152. In HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells, WX20120108 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis and activated TNFα-dependent extrinsic apoptosis. On the other hand, WX20120108 induced autophagy in HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. We revealed that WX20120108 selectively activated Foxo3, evidenced by Foxo3 nuclear translocation in both gene modified cell line and HeLa cells, as well as the upregulated expression of Foxo3-targeted genes (Bnip3, Pik3c3, Atg5, and Atg4b), which played a key role in autophagy initiation. WX20120108-induced autophagy was significantly suppressed when Foxo3 gene was silenced. WX20120108 dose-dependently increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HeLa cells, and WX20120108-induced Foxo3 activation was completely blocked in the presence of catalase, a known ROS scavenger. However, WX20120108-induced ROS generation was not affected by cIAP1/2 or XIAP gene silencing. In conclusion, WX20120108-induced autophagy relies on activating ROS-Foxo3 pathway, which is independent of IAPs. This finding provides a new insight into the mechanism of IAP antagonist-mediated regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ai-Li Wei
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Qing-Bin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ai-Hua Nie
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, 100850, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China.
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Fasano C, Disciglio V, Bertora S, Lepore Signorile M, Simone C. FOXO3a from the Nucleus to the Mitochondria: A Round Trip in Cellular Stress Response. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091110. [PMID: 31546924 PMCID: PMC6769815 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress response is a universal mechanism that ensures the survival or negative selection of cells in challenging conditions. The transcription factor Forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3a) is a core regulator of cellular homeostasis, stress response, and longevity since it can modulate a variety of stress responses upon nutrient shortage, oxidative stress, hypoxia, heat shock, and DNA damage. FOXO3a activity is regulated by post-translational modifications that drive its shuttling between different cellular compartments, thereby determining its inactivation (cytoplasm) or activation (nucleus and mitochondria). Depending on the stress stimulus and subcellular context, activated FOXO3a can induce specific sets of nuclear genes, including cell cycle inhibitors, pro-apoptotic genes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, autophagy effectors, gluconeogenic enzymes, and others. On the other hand, upon glucose restriction, 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) -dependent FOXO3a mitochondrial translocation allows the transcription of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes, restoring cellular ATP levels, while in cancer cells, mitochondrial FOXO3a mediates survival upon genotoxic stress induced by chemotherapy. Interestingly, these target genes and their related pathways are diverse and sometimes antagonistic, suggesting that FOXO3a is an adaptable player in the dynamic homeostasis of normal and stressed cells. In this review, we describe the multiple roles of FOXO3a in cellular stress response, with a focus on both its nuclear and mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Fasano
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (Bari), Italy.
| | - Vittoria Disciglio
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (Bari), Italy.
| | - Stefania Bertora
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (Bari), Italy.
| | - Martina Lepore Signorile
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (Bari), Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Simone
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (Bari), Italy.
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Regulation of PERK expression by FOXO3: a vulnerability of drug-resistant cancer cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:6382-6398. [PMID: 31312024 PMCID: PMC6756075 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The major impediment to effective cancer therapy has been the development of drug resistance. The tumour suppressive transcription factor FOXO3 promotes cell cycle arrest, senescence and cell death, and mediates the cytotoxic and cytostatic functions of cancer therapeutics. In consequence, FOXO3 is often downregulated as an adaptive response in cancer and particularly in chemotherapeutic drug-resistant cells. Consistently, we find that FOXO3 expression is attenuated in the drug-resistant MCF-7-EpiR and MCF-7-TaxR compared to the parental MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Using ChIP, short-interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown, and overexpression assays as well as Foxo1/3/4-/- MEFs, we establish the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress defence modulator PERK (eIF2AK3) as a direct downstream transcriptional target of FOXO3. In agreement, there is also a positive correlation between FOXO3 and PERK expression at the protein and RNA levels in breast cancer patient samples. We uncover that PERK expression is downregulated but its activity constitutively elevated in the drug-resistant cells. With this in mind, we exploit this adaptive response of low FOXO3 and PERK expression, and high PERK activity in drug-resistant breast cancer cells and show that these drug-resistant cells are specifically sensitive to PERK inhibition. In support of this finding, we show that ectopic overexpression of FOXO3 can reduce the sensitivity of the resistant cells to the PERK inhibitor GSK2606414, while the Foxo1/3/4-/- MEFs expressing lower levels of PERK are more sensitive to PERK inhibition compared to wild-type MEFs. PERK inhibitor-titration and -time course experiments showed that the drug-resistant cells, which express lower expression and higher activity levels of PERK, are more sensitive to the increasing concentrations of PERK inhibitor compared to parental MCF-7 cells. Our present work thus reveals a chemotherapeutic drug-resistant cancer cell vulnerability in PERK and suggests PERK as a potential target for cancer therapy, specifically in the context of drug-resistant cancers.
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38
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Osei-Sarfo K, Gudas LJ. Retinoids induce antagonism between FOXO3A and FOXM1 transcription factors in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215234. [PMID: 30978209 PMCID: PMC6461257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain a greater understanding of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) we investigated the actions of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA; a retinoid), bexarotene (a pan-RXR agonist), and forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors in human OSCC-derived cell lines. RA and bexarotene have been shown to limit several oncogenic pathways in many cell types. FOXO proteins typically are associated with tumor suppressive activities, whereas FOXM1 acts as an oncogene when overexpressed in several cancers. RA and/or bexarotene increased the transcript levels of FOXO1, FOXO3A, and TRAIL receptors; reduced the transcript levels of FOXM1, Aurora kinase B (AURKB), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA); and decreased the proliferation of OSCC-derived cell lines. Also, RA and/or bexarotene influenced the recruitment of FOXO3A and FOXM1 to target genes. Additionally, FOXM1 depletion reduced cell proliferation, decreased transcript levels of downstream targets of FOXM1, and increased transcript levels of TRAIL receptors. Overexpression of FOXO3A decreased proliferation and increased binding of histone deacetylases (HDACs) 1 and 2 at the FOXM1, AURKB, and VEGFA promoters. This research suggests novel influences of the drugs RA and bexarotene on the expression of FOXM1 and FOXO3A in transcriptional regulatory pathways of human OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwame Osei-Sarfo
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
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39
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Grossi V, Fasano C, Celestini V, Lepore Signorile M, Sanese P, Simone C. Chasing the FOXO3: Insights into Its New Mitochondrial Lair in Colorectal Cancer Landscape. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030414. [PMID: 30909600 PMCID: PMC6468785 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a formidable challenge in terms of molecular heterogeneity, as it involves a variety of cancer-related pathways and molecular changes unique to an individual’s tumor. On the other hand, recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies provide an unprecedented capacity to comprehensively identify the genetic alterations resulting in tumorigenesis, raising the hope that new therapeutic approaches based on molecularly targeted drugs may prevent the occurrence of chemoresistance. Regulation of the transcription factor FOXO3a in response to extracellular cues plays a fundamental role in cellular homeostasis, being part of the molecular machinery that drives cells towards survival or death. Indeed, FOXO3a is controlled by a range of external stimuli, which not only influence its transcriptional activity, but also affect its subcellular localization. These regulation mechanisms are mediated by cancer-related signaling pathways that eventually drive changes in FOXO3a post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation). Recent results showed that FOXO3a is imported into the mitochondria in tumor cells and tissues subjected to metabolic stress and cancer therapeutics, where it induces expression of the mitochondrial genome to support mitochondrial metabolism and cell survival. The current review discusses the potential clinical relevance of multidrug therapies that drive cancer cell fate by regulating critical pathways converging on FOXO3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Grossi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'S. de Bellis', Via Turi, 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Candida Fasano
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'S. de Bellis', Via Turi, 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Valentina Celestini
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Martina Lepore Signorile
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'S. de Bellis', Via Turi, 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Paola Sanese
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'S. de Bellis', Via Turi, 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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40
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Hopkins BL, Neumann CA. Redoxins as gatekeepers of the transcriptional oxidative stress response. Redox Biol 2019; 21:101104. [PMID: 30690320 PMCID: PMC6351230 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors control the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding specific DNA sequences in promoter regions. Transcriptional gene control is a rate-limiting process that is tightly regulated and based on transient environmental signals which are translated into long-term changes in gene transcription. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) on transcription factors by phosphorylation or acetylation have profound effects not only on sub-cellular localization but also on substrate specificity through changes in DNA binding capacity. During times of cellular stress, specific transcription factors are in place to help protect the cell from damage by initiating the transcription of antioxidant response genes. Here we discuss PTMs caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H2O2, that can expeditiously regulate the activation of transcription factors involved in the oxidative stress response. Part of this rapid regulation are proteins involved in H2O2-related reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions such as redoxins, H2O2 scavengers described to interact with transcription factors. Redoxins have highly reactive cysteines of rate constants around 6–10−1 s−1 that engage in nucleophilic substitution of a thiol-disulfide with another thiol in inter-disulfide exchange reactions. We propose here that H2O2 signal transduction induced inter-disulfide exchange reactions between redoxin cysteines and cysteine thiols of transcription factors to allow for rapid and precise on and off switching of transcription factor activity. Thus, redoxins are essential modulators of stress response pathways beyond H2O2 scavenging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Hopkins
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Magee-Women's Research Institute, Magee-Women's Research Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Carola A Neumann
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Magee-Women's Research Institute, Magee-Women's Research Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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41
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Orea-Soufi A, Dávila D, Salazar-Roa M, de Mar Lorente M, Velasco G. Phosphorylation of FOXO Proteins as a Key Mechanism to Regulate Their Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1890:51-59. [PMID: 30414144 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8900-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of FOXO transcription factors is one of the key mechanisms involved in the regulation of the activity, nucleo-cytosolic shuttling, and stability of this family of proteins. Here, we describe several experimental approaches allowing analysis of changes in the phosphorylation of these proteins upon exposure to different stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Orea-Soufi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Dávila
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Salazar-Roa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María de Mar Lorente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Velasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
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Zhang L, Yousefzadeh MJ, Suh Y, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD. Signal Transduction, Ageing and Disease. Subcell Biochem 2019; 91:227-247. [PMID: 30888655 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is defined by the loss of functional reserve over time, leading to a decreased tissue homeostasis and increased age-related pathology. The accumulation of damage including DNA damage contributes to driving cell signaling pathways that, in turn, can drive different cell fates, including senescence and apoptosis, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. In addition, the accumulation of cell autonomous damage with time also drives ageing through non-cell autonomous pathways by modulation of signaling pathways. Interestingly, genetic and pharmacologic analysis of factors able to modulate lifespan and healthspan in model organisms and even humans have identified several key signaling pathways including IGF-1, NF-κB, FOXO3, mTOR, Nrf-2 and sirtuins. This review will discuss the roles of several of these key signaling pathways, in particular NF-κB and Nrf2, in modulating ageing and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthew J Yousefzadeh
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine and the Institute for Ageing Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Colombo M, Rizzuto MA, Pacini C, Pandolfi L, Bonizzi A, Truffi M, Monieri M, Catrambone F, Giustra M, Garbujo S, Fiandra L, Corsi F, Prosperi D, Mazzucchelli S. Half-Chain Cetuximab Nanoconjugates Allow Multitarget Therapy of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3817-3832. [PMID: 30350574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has revolutionized cancer treatment. The conjugation of mAbs to nanoparticles has been broadly exploited to improve the targeting efficiency of drug nanocarriers taking advantage of high binding efficacy and target selectivity of antibodies for specific cell receptors. However, the therapeutic implications of nanoconjugation have been poorly considered. In this study, half-chain fragments of the anti-EGFR mAb cetuximab were conjugated to colloidal nanoparticles originating stable nanoconjugates that were investigated as surrogates of therapeutic mAbs in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Three TNBC cell lines were selected according to EGFR expression, which regulates activation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways, and to distinctive molecular profiling including KRAS, PTEN, and BRCA1 mutations normally associated with diverse sensitivity to treatment with cetuximab. The molecular mechanisms of action of nanoconjugated half-chain mAb, including cell targeting, interference with downstream signaling pathways, proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis, along with triggering of ADCC response, were investigated in detail in sensitive and resistant TNBC cells. We found that half-chain mAb nanoconjugation was able to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and improve the target selectivity against sensitive, but unexpectedly also resistant, TNBC cells. Viability assays and signaling transduction modulation suggested a role of BRCA1 mutation in TNBC resistance to cetuximab alone, whereas its effect could be circumvented using half-chain cetuximab nanoconjugates, suggesting that nanoconjugation not only improved the antibody activity but also exerted different mechanisms of action. Our results provide robust evidence of the potential of half-chain antibody nanoconjugates in the treatment of TNBC, which could offer a new paradigm for therapeutic antibody administration, potentially allowing improved curative efficiency and reduced minimal effective dosages in both sensitive and resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Colombo
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze , Università di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Rizzuto
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze , Università di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Chiara Pacini
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze , Università di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Laura Pandolfi
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze , Università di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Arianna Bonizzi
- Nanomedicine Laboratory , ICS Maugeri S.p.A. SB , via S. Maugeri 10 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Marta Truffi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco" , University of Milano , via G. B. Grassi 74 , 20157 Milano , Italy
| | - Matteo Monieri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco" , University of Milano , via G. B. Grassi 74 , 20157 Milano , Italy
| | - Francesco Catrambone
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze , Università di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco" , University of Milano , via G. B. Grassi 74 , 20157 Milano , Italy
| | - Marco Giustra
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze , Università di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Stefania Garbujo
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze , Università di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Luisa Fiandra
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze , Università di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco" , University of Milano , via G. B. Grassi 74 , 20157 Milano , Italy.,Nanomedicine Laboratory , ICS Maugeri S.p.A. SB , via S. Maugeri 10 , 27100 Pavia , Italy.,Surgery Department, Breast Unit , ICS Maugeri S.p.A. SB , via S. Maugeri 10 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Davide Prosperi
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze , Università di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2 , 20126 Milano , Italy.,Nanomedicine Laboratory , ICS Maugeri S.p.A. SB , via S. Maugeri 10 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Serena Mazzucchelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco" , University of Milano , via G. B. Grassi 74 , 20157 Milano , Italy
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44
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Liu Y, Ao X, Ding W, Ponnusamy M, Wu W, Hao X, Yu W, Wang Y, Li P, Wang J. Critical role of FOXO3a in carcinogenesis. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:104. [PMID: 30045773 PMCID: PMC6060507 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXO3a is a member of the FOXO subfamily of forkhead transcription factors that mediate a variety of cellular processes including apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle progression, DNA damage and tumorigenesis. It also responds to several cellular stresses such as UV irradiation and oxidative stress. The function of FOXO3a is regulated by a complex network of processes, including post-transcriptional suppression by microRNAs (miRNAs), post-translational modifications (PTMs) and protein–protein interactions. FOXO3a is widely implicated in a variety of diseases, particularly in malignancy of breast, liver, colon, prostate, bladder, and nasopharyngeal cancers. Emerging evidences indicate that FOXO3a acts as a tumor suppressor in cancer. FOXO3a is frequently inactivated in cancer cell lines by mutation of the FOXO3a gene or cytoplasmic sequestration of FOXO3a protein. And its inactivation is associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. In experimental studies, overexpression of FOXO3a inhibits the proliferation, tumorigenic potential, and invasiveness of cancer cells, while silencing of FOXO3a results in marked attenuation in protection against tumorigenesis. The role of FOXO3a in both normal physiology as well as in cancer development have presented a great challenge to formulating an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer. In this review, we summarize the recent findings and overview of the current understanding of the influence of FOXO3a in cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of comprehensive internal medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Murugavel Ponnusamy
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xiaodan Hao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Jianxun Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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45
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Tan DQ, Suda T. Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Homeostasis as Regulators of Stem Cell Fate and Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:149-168. [PMID: 28708000 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The precise role and impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stem cells, which are essential for lifelong tissue homeostasis and regeneration, remain of significant interest to the field. The long-term regenerative potential of a stem cell compartment is determined by the delicate balance between quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation, all of which can be influenced by ROS levels. Recent Advances: The past decade has seen a growing appreciation for the importance of ROS and redox homeostasis in various stem cell compartments, particularly those of hematopoietic, neural, and muscle tissues. In recent years, the importance of proteostasis and mitochondria in relation to stem cell biology and redox homeostasis has garnered considerable interest. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we explore the reciprocal relationship between ROS and stem cells, with significant emphasis on mitochondria as a core component of redox homeostasis. We discuss how redox signaling, involving cell-fate determining protein kinases and transcription factors, can control stem cell function and fate. We also address the impact of oxidative stress on stem cells, especially oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. We further discuss ROS management in stem cells, and present recent evidence supporting the importance of mitochondrial activity and its modulation (via mitochondrial clearance, biogenesis, dynamics, and distribution [i.e., segregation and transfer]) in stem cell redox homeostasis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Therefore, elucidating the intricate links between mitochondria, cellular metabolism, and redox homeostasis is envisioned to be critical for our understanding of ROS in stem cell biology and its therapeutic relevance in regenerative medicine. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Q Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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46
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Kang Y, He P, Wang H, Ye Y, Li X, Xie P, Wu B. Brazilin induces FOXO3A-dependent autophagic cell death by disturbing calcium homeostasis in osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 82:479-491. [PMID: 29987368 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteosarcoma is a common primary malignant bone tumour, and its cure rate has stagnated over the past 25-30 years. Brazilin, a purified natural product from sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.), has been proved to possess potent anti-cancer effects. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of brazilin on human osteosarcoma and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We exposed MG-63 cells to different concentrations of brazilin (5, 10 and 20 µM) for 24 h. Western blotting, immunocytofluorescence, luciferase reporter assays, and RT-PCR were used to evaluate whether brazilin activates FOXO family-dependent autophagy. RESULTS Brazilin increased autophagic flux in the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63, as evidenced by the upregulation of LC3-II and the downregulation of P62/SQSTM1. Moreover, the pharmacological or genetic blockade of autophagy decreased brazilin-induced cell death, indicating that brazilin triggered autophagic cell death in MG-63 cells. Specifically, brazilin induced FOXO3A(Ser7) phosphorylation, activated FOXO3A nuclear translocation and increased FOXO3A reporter activity, which contributed to the expression of autophagy-related genes and subsequently initiated autophagic cell death in MG-63 cells. Importantly, the increased expression and nuclear translocation of FOXO3A were tightly related to the disturbance of calcium homeostasis, which could be prevented by chelating intracellular calcium. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate that brazilin induces osteosarcoma cell death by inducing excessive autophagy, which is mediated through the Ca2+-FOXO3A pathway. Our study provides a new anti-tumour mechanism for brazilin treatment in osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiheng He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yibiao Ye
- Department of Hepato-Biliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Peigen Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bowen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China.
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Lu H, Tran L, Park Y, Chen I, Lan J, Xie Y, Semenza GL. Reciprocal Regulation of DUSP9 and DUSP16 Expression by HIF1 Controls ERK and p38 MAP Kinase Activity and Mediates Chemotherapy-Induced Breast Cancer Stem Cell Enrichment. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4191-4202. [PMID: 29880481 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis due to its aggressive characteristics and lack of targeted therapies. Cytotoxic chemotherapy may reduce tumor bulk, but leaves residual disease due to the persistence of chemotherapy-resistant breast cancer stem cells (BCSC), which are critical for tumor recurrence and metastasis. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1-dependent regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways contributes to chemotherapy-induced BCSC enrichment. Chemotherapy increased DUSP9 expression and decreased DUSP16 expression in a HIF1-dependent manner, leading to inhibition of ERK and activation of p38 signaling pathways, respectively. Inhibition of ERK caused transcriptional induction of the pluripotency factor Nanog through decreased inactivating phosphorylation of FoxO3, while activation of p38 stabilized Nanog and Klf4 mRNA through increased inactivating phosphorylation of RNA-binding protein ZFP36L1, both of which promoted specification of the BCSC phenotype. Inhibition of HIF1 or p38 signaling blocked chemotherapy-induced pluripotency factor expression and BCSC enrichment. These surprising results delineate a mechanism by which a transcription factor switches cells from ERK to p38 signaling in response to chemotherapy and suggest that therapeutic targeting of HIF1 or the p38 pathway in combination with chemotherapy will block BCSC enrichment and improve outcome in TNBC.Significance: These findings provide a molecular mechanism that may account for the increased relapse rate of women with TNBC who are treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy and suggest that combining chemotherapy with an inhibitor of HIF1 or p38 activity may increase patient survival. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4191-202. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Lu
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Linh Tran
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Youngrok Park
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ivan Chen
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jie Lan
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangyiran Xie
- Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gregg L Semenza
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Oncology, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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48
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Licorice flavonoid oil enhances muscle mass in KK-A y mice. Life Sci 2018; 205:91-96. [PMID: 29753766 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Muscle mass is regulated by the balance between the synthesis and degradation of muscle proteins. Loss of skeletal muscle mass is associated with an increased risk of developing metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of licorice flavonoid oil on muscle mass in KK-Ay/Ta mice. MAIN METHODS Male genetically type II diabetic KK-Ay/Ta mice received 0, 1, or 1.5 g/kg BW of licorice flavonoid oil by mouth once daily for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the femoral and soleus muscles were collected for western blotting for evaluation of the mTOR/p70 S6K, p38/FoxO3a, and Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathways. KEY FINDINGS Ingestion of licorice flavonoid oil significantly enhanced femoral muscle mass without affecting body weight in KK-Ay/Ta mice. Licorice flavonoid oil also decreased expression of MuRF1 and atrogin-1, which are both markers of muscle atrophy. The mechanisms by which licorice flavonoid oil enhances muscle mass include activation of mTOR and p70 S6K, and regulation of phosphorylation of FoxO3a. SIGNIFICANCE Ingestion of licorice flavonoids may help to prevent muscle atrophy.
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Dhoke NR, Geesala R, Das A. Low Oxidative Stress-Mediated Proliferation Via JNK-FOXO3a-Catalase Signaling in Transplanted Adult Stem Cells Promotes Wound Tissue Regeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1047-1065. [PMID: 28826225 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Stem cells exposed to pathological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at wound sites fail to regenerate tissue. The molecular mechanism underlying differential levels of ROS-mediated regulation of stem cells remains elusive. This study elucidates the mechanistic role of catalase at 10 μM H2O2-induced proliferation of mouse bone marrow stromal (BMSC) and hematopoietic (HSPC) stem/progenitor cells. Results: BMSCs and HSPCs depicted an increased growth rate and colony formation, in the presence of 10 μM but not 100 μM concentration of H2O2, an effect that was perturbed by Vit. C. Mechanistically, JNK activation-FOXO3a nuclear translocation and binding of FOXO3a to catalase promoter at 10 μM H2O2 led to an increased expression and activity of anti-oxidant gene, catalase. This was followed by an increased proliferative phenotype via the AKT-dependent pathway that was perturbed in the presence of catalase-inhibitor, 3-aminotriazole due to an increased ROS-mediated inactivation of AKT. Preclinically, 10 μM H2O2-mediated preconditioning of BMSCs/HSPCs transplantation accelerated wound closure, enhanced catalase expression, and decreased ROS levels at the wound site. Transplantation of male donor cells into female recipient mice or GFP-labeled BMSCs or HSPCs depicted an increased engraftment and proliferation in preconditioned cell transplanted groups as compared with the wound control. Wound healing occurred via keratinocyte generation and vascularization in preconditioned BMSCs, whereas only neo-vascularization occurred in the preconditioned HSPCs transplanted groups. Innovation and Conclusion: Our study suggests a distinct role of catalase that protects BMSCs and HSPCs from low ROS and promotes proliferation. Transplantation of preconditioned stem cells enhanced wound tissue regeneration with a better antioxidant defense mechanism-as a therapeutic approach in stem cell transplantation-mediated tissue regeneration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1047-1065.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha R Dhoke
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Ramasatyaveni Geesala
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant cancers in male and docetaxel is commonly used as an effective chemotherapeutic drug for PCa patients. However, docetaxel resistance inhibits the therapeutic effect of this agent, thus investigating the mechanism of chemoresistance to docetaxel of PCa may help to improve the prognosis of PCa patients. In our present study, we found that miR-223-3p was up-regulated in PCa cell lines (C4-2, LNCap, PC3, DU-145). Transfection with miR-223-3p inhibitor increased chemo-sensitivity to docetaxel and cell apoptosis rate in PCa cells compared with docetaxel + miR-223-3p mock group, especially in DU-145 cells which were more resistant to docetaxel. Bioinformatics study and luciferase reporter assay indicated that FOXO3 was a target of miR-223-3p and the results from western blot suggested that FOXO3 was negatively regulated by miR-223-3p. Further study revealed that up-regulation of FOXO3 by transfection with pCMV-FOXO3 decreased the IC50 values of docetaxel and increased cell apoptosis rate compared with docetaxel + pCMV-vector group, suggesting that overexpressed FOXO3 suppressed cell survival and sensitized PCa cells to docetaxel. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of FOXO3 abolished the effects of miR-223-3p inhibitor on chemo-sensitivity and apoptosis in PCa cells by increasing chemoresistance and decreasing cell apoptosis rate. Finally, the in vivo experiments showed that miR-223-3p inhibitor sensitized prostatic cancer mouse model to docetaxel by increasing the expression of FOXO3. In conclusion, our present study indicated that miR-223-3p regulated cell chemo-sensitivity by targeting FOXO3 in prostatic cancer both in vitro and in vivo, providing new potential therapeutic strategy for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Peng He
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan 610072, China
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