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Wu S, Tan Y, Li F, Han Y, Zhang S, Lin X. CD44: a cancer stem cell marker and therapeutic target in leukemia treatment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354992. [PMID: 38736891 PMCID: PMC11082360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a ubiquitous leukocyte adhesion molecule involved in cell-cell interaction, cell adhesion, migration, homing and differentiation. CD44 can mediate the interaction between leukemic stem cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix, thereby inducing a cascade of signaling pathways to regulate their various behaviors. In this review, we focus on the impact of CD44s/CD44v as biomarkers in leukemia development and discuss the current research and prospects for CD44-related interventions in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yicheng Tan
- Laboratory Animal Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Hematology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanfan Li
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Hematology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixiang Han
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Hematology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Hematology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhou L, Zeng Y, Liu Y, Du K, Luo Y, Dai Y, Pan W, Zhang L, Zhang L, Tian F, Gu C. Cellular senescence and metabolic reprogramming model based on bulk/single-cell RNA sequencing reveals PTGER4 as a therapeutic target for ccRCC. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:451. [PMID: 38605343 PMCID: PMC11007942 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the prevailing histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma and has unique metabolic reprogramming during its occurrence and development. Cell senescence is one of the newly identified tumor characteristics. However, there is a dearth of methodical and all-encompassing investigations regarding the correlation between the broad-ranging alterations in metabolic processes associated with aging and ccRCC. We utilized a range of analytical methodologies, such as protein‒protein interaction network analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, to form and validate a risk score model known as the senescence-metabolism-related risk model (SeMRM). Our study demonstrated that SeMRM could more precisely predict the OS of ccRCC patients than the clinical prognostic markers in use. By utilizing two distinct datasets of ccRCC, ICGC-KIRC (the International Cancer Genome Consortium) and GSE29609, as well as a single-cell dataset (GSE156632) and real patient clinical information, and further confirmed the relationship between the senescence-metabolism-related risk score (SeMRS) and ccRCC patient progression. It is worth noting that patients who were classified into different subgroups based on the SeMRS exhibited notable variations in metabolic activity, immune microenvironment, immune cell type transformation, mutant landscape, and drug responsiveness. We also demonstrated that PTGER4, a key gene in SeMRM, regulated ccRCC cell proliferation, lipid levels and the cell cycle in vivo and in vitro. Together, the utilization of SeMRM has the potential to function as a dependable clinical characteristic to increase the accuracy of prognostic assessment for patients diagnosed with ccRCC, thereby facilitating the selection of suitable treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
- Unit of Day Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Youmiao Zeng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, Henan Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuanhao Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Unit of Day Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Kaixuan Du
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Unit of Day Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yongbo Luo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Unit of Day Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yiheng Dai
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, Henan Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Wenbang Pan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Unit of Day Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lailai Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Unit of Day Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Fengyan Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Chaohui Gu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
- Unit of Day Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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Bowman RL, Kim J, Eom DS. CD44 facilitates adhesive interactions in airineme-mediated intercellular signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582398. [PMID: 38463999 PMCID: PMC10925269 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Specialized cellular protrusions facilitate local intercellular communications in various species, including mammals. Among these, airinemes play a crucial role in pigment pattern formation in zebrafish by mediating long-distance Notch signaling between pigment cells. Remarkably, airinemes exhibit large vesicle-like structure at their tips, which are pulled by a macrophage subpopulation and delivered to target cells. The interaction between macrophages and Delta-ligand carrying airineme vesicles is essential for initiating airineme-mediated signaling, yet the molecular detail of this interaction remains elusive. Through high-resolution live imaging and genetic in vivo manipulations, we found that adhesive interactions via the extracellular domain of CD44, a class I transmembrane glycoprotein, between macrophages and airineme vesicles are critical for airineme signaling. Mutants lacking the extracellular domain of CD44 lose their adhesiveness, resulting in a significant reduction in airineme extension and pigment pattern defects. Our findings provide valuable insights into the role of adhesive interactions between signal-sending cells and macrophages in long-range intercellular signaling.
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Roy R, Chatterjee N, Khan MS, Sultana F, Roy A, Naskar S, Guha R, Sen S, Chakrabarti J, Chatterjee BP, Panda CK, Dutta S. High prevalence of CD44 and its ligand low molecular weight hyaluronan in plasma of HNSCC patients: clinical significance. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:157. [PMID: 38252332 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to evaluate the role of cancer stem cell marker, CD44, and its ligand HA as potential molecular biomarker for early detection of HNSCC. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression profile (mRNA/Protein) of CD44 variants were analysed in primary HNSCC lesions and plasma of the patients. Then, prevalence of HA variants was analysed in plasma of the patients. The mRNA expression of CD44 variants, CD44S and CD44v3, were significantly high in both early (stage I/II) and late (stage III/IV) invasive lesions, with predominant expression of CD44v3 in the late-stage lesions. In plasma of HNSCC patients, increased levels of SolCD44, CD44-ICD and unique 62 KD CD44 variants with respect to standard CD44S were seen, in comparison to their prevalence in plasma of normal individuals. The abundance of CD44-ICD and 62 KD variants were significantly high in plasma of late stage HNSCC patients. Interestingly, significantly high level of low molecular weight HA(LMW HA) with respect to high molecular weight HA(HMW HA) was seen in plasma of HNSCC patients irrespective of clinical stages. On the contrary, high HMW HA level in plasma of normal individuals was seen. The high level of LMW HA in plasma of HNSCC patients might be due to combinatorial effect of increased mRNA expression of HA synthesizing enzyme HAS1/2/3 and HA degrading enzyme HYAL1/2, as seen in the primary HNSCC samples. CONCLUSION Thus, our data revealed the importance of specific CD44 and HA variants in plasma of HNSCC patients during its development as potential non-invasive molecular biomarker of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Roy
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjana Chatterjee
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Md Sadi Khan
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Farhin Sultana
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arindam Roy
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukanya Naskar
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajdeep Guha
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sagar Sen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayanta Chakrabarti
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bishnu Pada Chatterjee
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sankhadeep Dutta
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Al-Dalahmah O, Sosunov AA, Sun Y, Liu Y, Madden N, Connolly ES, Troy CM, McKhann GM, Goldman JE. The Matrix Receptor CD44 Is Present in Astrocytes throughout the Human Central Nervous System and Accumulates in Hypoxia and Seizures. Cells 2024; 13:129. [PMID: 38247821 PMCID: PMC10814649 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian isocortex, CD44, a cell surface receptor for extracellular matrix molecules, is present in pial-based and fibrous astrocytes of white matter but not in protoplasmic astrocytes. In the hominid isocortex, CD44+ astrocytes comprise the subpial "interlaminar" astrocytes, sending long processes into the cortex. The hippocampus also contains similar astrocytes. We have examined all levels of the human central nervous system and found CD44+ astrocytes in every region. Astrocytes in white matter and astrocytes that interact with large blood vessels but not with capillaries in gray matter are CD44+, the latter extending long processes into the parenchyma. Motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord, such as oculomotor, facial, hypoglossal, and in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, are surrounded by CD44+ processes, contrasting with neurons in the cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus. We found CD44+ processes that intercalate between ependymal cells to reach the ventricle. We also found CD44+ astrocytes in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. Protoplasmic astrocytes, which do not normally contain CD44, acquire it in pathologies like hypoxia and seizures. The pervasive and inducible expression of CD44 in astrocytes is a novel finding that lays the foundations for functional studies into the significance of CD44 in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Al-Dalahmah
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander A. Sosunov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA (E.S.C.)
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Nacoya Madden
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - E. Sander Connolly
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA (E.S.C.)
| | - Carol M. Troy
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Guy M. McKhann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA (E.S.C.)
| | - James E. Goldman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Behl T, Kumar A, Vishakha, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Yadav S, Rashid S, Ali N, Ahmed AS, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Bungau SG, Khan H. Understanding the mechanistic pathways and clinical aspects associated with protein and gene based biomarkers in breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126595. [PMID: 37648139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most widespread and severe diseases with a huge mortality rate. In recent years, the second-leading mortality rate of any cancer globally has been breast cancer, which is one of the most common and deadly cancers found in women. Detecting breast cancer in its initial stages simplifies treatment, decreases death risk, and recovers survival rates for patients. The death rate for breast cancer has risen to 0.024 % in some regions. Sensitive and accurate technologies are required for the preclinical detection of BC at an initial stage. Biomarkers play a very crucial role in the early identification as well as diagnosis of women with breast cancer. Currently, a wide variety of cancer biomarkers have been discovered for the diagnosis of cancer. For the identification of these biomarkers from serum or other body fluids at physiological amounts, many detection methods have been developed. In the case of breast cancer, biomarkers are especially helpful in discovering those who are more likely to develop the disease, determining prognosis at the time of initial diagnosis and choosing the best systemic therapy. In this study we have compiled various clinical aspects and signaling pathways associated with protein-based biomarkers and gene-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ankush Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IET Bhaddal Technical Campus, Ropar 140108, Punjab, India
| | - Vishakha
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IET Bhaddal Technical Campus, Ropar 140108, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, 141104 Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana Ambala 133203, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana Ambala 133203, Haryana, India
| | - Shivam Yadav
- School of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadah 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Saber Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 150001, Peru; E-Health Research Center, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410087, Romania; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea 410087, Romania
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
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Skandalis SS. CD44 Intracellular Domain: A Long Tale of a Short Tail. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5041. [PMID: 37894408 PMCID: PMC10605500 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a single-chain transmembrane receptor that exists in multiple forms due to alternative mRNA splicing and post-translational modifications. CD44 is the main cell surface receptor of hyaluronan as well as other extracellular matrix molecules, cytokines, and growth factors that play important roles in physiological processes (such as hematopoiesis and lymphocyte homing) and the progression of various diseases, the predominant one being cancer. Currently, CD44 is an established cancer stem cell marker in several tumors, implying a central functional role in tumor biology. The present review aims to highlight the contribution of the CD44 short cytoplasmic tail, which is devoid of any enzymatic activity, in the extraordinary functional diversity of the receptor. The interactions of CD44 with cytoskeletal proteins through specific structural motifs within its intracellular domain drives cytoskeleton rearrangements and affects the distribution of organelles and transport of molecules. Moreover, the CD44 intracellular domain specifically interacts with various cytoplasmic effectors regulating cell-trafficking machinery, signal transduction pathways, the transcriptome, and vital cell metabolic pathways. Understanding the cell type- and context-specificity of these interactions may unravel the high complexity of CD44 functions and lead to novel improved therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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8
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Inoue A, Ohnishi T, Nishikawa M, Ohtsuka Y, Kusakabe K, Yano H, Tanaka J, Kunieda T. A Narrative Review on CD44's Role in Glioblastoma Invasion, Proliferation, and Tumor Recurrence. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4898. [PMID: 37835592 PMCID: PMC10572085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High invasiveness is a characteristic of glioblastoma (GBM), making radical resection almost impossible, and thus, resulting in a tumor with inevitable recurrence. GBM recurrence may be caused by glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) that survive many kinds of therapy. GSCs with high expression levels of CD44 are highly invasive and resistant to radio-chemotherapy. CD44 is a multifunctional molecule that promotes the invasion and proliferation of tumor cells via various signaling pathways. Among these, paired pathways reciprocally activate invasion and proliferation under different hypoxic conditions. Severe hypoxia (0.5-2.5% O2) upregulates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, which then activates target genes, including CD44, TGF-β, and cMET, all of which are related to tumor migration and invasion. In contrast, moderate hypoxia (2.5-5% O2) upregulates HIF-2α, which activates target genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR2, cMYC, and cyclin D1. All these genes are related to tumor proliferation. Oxygen environments around GBM can change before and after tumor resection. Before resection, the oxygen concentration at the tumor periphery is severely hypoxic. In the reparative stage after resection, the resection cavity shows moderate hypoxia. These observations suggest that upregulated CD44 under severe hypoxia may promote the migration and invasion of tumor cells. Conversely, when tumor resection leads to moderate hypoxia, upregulated HIF-2α activates HIF-2α target genes. The phenotypic transition regulated by CD44, leading to a dichotomy between invasion and proliferation according to hypoxic conditions, may play a crucial role in GBM recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Inoue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan; (M.N.); (Y.O.); (K.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Takanori Ohnishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan; (M.N.); (Y.O.); (K.K.); (T.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Advanced Brain Disease Center, Washoukai Sadamoto Hospital, 1-6-1 Takehara, Matsuyama 790-0052, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan; (M.N.); (Y.O.); (K.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Yoshihiro Ohtsuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan; (M.N.); (Y.O.); (K.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Kosuke Kusakabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan; (M.N.); (Y.O.); (K.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Hajime Yano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicene, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan; (H.Y.); (J.T.)
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicene, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan; (H.Y.); (J.T.)
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan; (M.N.); (Y.O.); (K.K.); (T.K.)
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9
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Qadri MM. Targeting CD44 Receptor Pathways in Degenerative Joint Diseases: Involvement of Proteoglycan-4 (PRG4). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1425. [PMID: 37895896 PMCID: PMC10609794 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), and gout are the most prevalent degenerative joint diseases (DJDs). The pathogenesis underlying joint disease in DJDs remains unclear. Considering the severe toxicities reported with anti-inflammatory and disease-modifying agents, there is a clear need to develop new treatments that are specific in their effect while not being associated with significant toxicities. A key feature in the development of joint disease is the overexpression of adhesion molecules, e.g., CD44. Expression of CD44 and its variants in the synovial tissues of patients with DJDs is strongly associated with cartilage damage and appears to be a predicting factor of synovial inflammation in DJDs. Targeting CD44 and its downstream signaling proteins has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. PRG4 is a mucinous glycoprotein that binds to the CD44 receptor and is physiologically involved in joint lubrication. PRG4-CD44 is a pivotal regulator of synovial lining cell hemostasis in the joint, where lack of PRG4 expression triggers chronic inflammation and fibrosis, driven by persistent activation of synovial cells. In view of the significance of CD44 in DJD pathogenesis and the potential biological role for PRG4, this review aims to summarize the involvement of PRG4-CD44 signaling in controlling synovitis, synovial hypertrophy, and tissue fibrosis in DJDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M. Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
- Inflammation Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Unit, Medical Research Center (MRC), Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Song C, Zhang J, Xu C, Gao M, Li N, Geng Q. The critical role of γ-secretase and its inhibitors in cancer and cancer therapeutics. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:5089-5103. [PMID: 37928268 PMCID: PMC10620818 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.87334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a multi-substrate transmembrane protease, γ-secretase exists widely in various cells. It controls multiple important cellular activities through substrate cleavage. γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) play a role in cancer inhibition by blocking Notch cleavage, and are considered as potential therapeutic strategies for cancer. Currently, GSIs have encouraging performance in preclinical models, yet this success does not translate well in clinical trials. In recent years, a number of breakthrough discoveries have shown us the promise of targeting γ-secretase for the treatment of cancer. Here, we integrate a large amount of data from γ-secretase and its inhibitors and cancer in nearly 30 years, comb and discuss the close connection between γ-secretase and cancer, as well as the potential and problems of current GSIs in cancer treatment. We analyze the possible reasons for the failure performance of current GSIs in clinical trials, and make recommendations for future research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congkuan Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, China
| | - Chenzhen Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minglang Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Wendt TS, Gonzales RJ. Ozanimod differentially preserves human cerebrovascular endothelial barrier proteins and attenuates matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity following in vitro acute ischemic injury. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C951-C971. [PMID: 37642239 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00342.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial integrity is critical in mitigating a vicious cascade of secondary injuries following acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a contributor to endothelial integrity loss, is elevated during stroke and is associated with worsened stroke outcome. We investigated the FDA-approved selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) ligand, ozanimod, on the regulation/activity of MMP-9 as well as endothelial barrier components [platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1), claudin-5, and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1)] in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) following hypoxia plus glucose deprivation (HGD). We previously reported that S1PR1 activation improves HBMEC integrity; however, mechanisms underlying S1PR1 involvement in endothelial cell barrier integrity have not been clearly elucidated. We hypothesized that ozanimod would attenuate an HGD-induced increase in MMP-9 activity that would concomitantly attenuate the loss of integral barrier components. Male HBMECs were treated with ozanimod or vehicle and exposed to 3 h of normoxia (21% O2) or HGD (1% O2). Immunoblotting, zymography, qRT-PCR, and immunocytochemical labeling techniques assessed processes related to MMP-9 and barrier markers. We observed that HGD acutely increased MMP-9 activity and reduced claudin-5 and PECAM-1 levels, and ozanimod attenuated these responses. In situ analysis, via PROSPER, suggested that attenuation of MMP-9 activity may be a primary factor in maintaining these integral barrier proteins. We also observed that HGD increased intracellular mechanisms associated with augmented MMP-9 activation; however, ozanimod had no effect on these select factors. Thus, we conclude that ozanimod has the potential to attenuate HGD-mediated decreases in HBMEC integrity in part by decreasing MMP-9 activity as well as preserving barrier properties.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have identified a potential novel mechanism by which ozanimod, a selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) agonist, attenuates hypoxia plus glucose deprivation (HGD)-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity and disruptions in integral human brain endothelial cell barrier proteins. Our results suggest that ischemic-like injury elicits increased MMP-9 activity and alterations of barrier integrity proteins in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and that ozanimod via S1PR1 attenuates these HGD-induced responses, adding to its therapeutic potential in cerebrovascular protection during the acute phase of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor S Wendt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Rayna J Gonzales
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
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12
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Zhang L, Yang P, Chen J, Chen Z, Liu Z, Feng G, Sha F, Li Z, Xu Z, Huang Y, Shi X, Li X, Cui J, Zhang C, Fan P, Cui L, Shen Y, Zhou G, Jing H, Ma S. CD44 connects autophagy decline and ageing in the vascular endothelium. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5524. [PMID: 37684253 PMCID: PMC10491636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline of endothelial autophagy is closely related to vascular senescence and disease, although the molecular mechanisms connecting these outcomes in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) remain unclear. Here, we identify a crucial role for CD44, a multifunctional adhesion molecule, in controlling autophagy and ageing in VECs. The CD44 intercellular domain (CD44ICD) negatively regulates autophagy by reducing PIK3R4 and PIK3C3 levels and disrupting STAT3-dependent PtdIns3K complexes. CD44 and its homologue clec-31 are increased in ageing vascular endothelium and Caenorhabditis elegans, respectively, suggesting that an age-dependent increase in CD44 induces autophagy decline and ageing phenotypes. Accordingly, CD44 knockdown ameliorates age-associated phenotypes in VECs. The endothelium-specific CD44ICD knock-in mouse is shorter-lived, with VECs exhibiting obvious premature ageing characteristics associated with decreased basal autophagy. Autophagy activation suppresses the premature ageing of human and mouse VECs overexpressing CD44ICD, function conserved in the CD44 homologue clec-31 in C. elegans. Our work describes a mechanism coordinated by CD44 function bridging autophagy decline and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Peichang Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jingxuan Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Gaoqing Feng
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Fangfang Sha
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zirui Li
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zaoyi Xu
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yating Huang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaotong Shi
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xuebiao Li
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jiatian Cui
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chenyi Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Pei Fan
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Liuqing Cui
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yunpeng Shen
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guangzhou Zhou
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongjuan Jing
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shiwei Ma
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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13
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Wang X, Ramos R, Phan AQ, Yamaga K, Flesher JL, Jiang S, Oh JW, Jin S, Jahid S, Kuan CH, Nguyen TK, Liang HY, Shettigar NU, Hou R, Tran KH, Nguyen A, Vu KN, Phung JL, Ingal JP, Levitt KM, Cao X, Liu Y, Deng Z, Taguchi N, Scarfone VM, Wang G, Paolilli KN, Wang X, Guerrero-Juarez CF, Davis RT, Greenberg EN, Ruiz-Vega R, Vasudeva P, Murad R, Widyastuti LHP, Lee HL, McElwee KJ, Gadeau AP, Lawson DA, Andersen B, Mortazavi A, Yu Z, Nie Q, Kunisada T, Karin M, Tuckermann J, Esko JD, Ganesan AK, Li J, Plikus MV. Signalling by senescent melanocytes hyperactivates hair growth. Nature 2023; 618:808-817. [PMID: 37344645 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Niche signals maintain stem cells in a prolonged quiescence or transiently activate them for proper regeneration1. Altering balanced niche signalling can lead to regenerative disorders. Melanocytic skin nevi in human often display excessive hair growth, suggesting hair stem cell hyperactivity. Here, using genetic mouse models of nevi2,3, we show that dermal clusters of senescent melanocytes drive epithelial hair stem cells to exit quiescence and change their transcriptome and composition, potently enhancing hair renewal. Nevus melanocytes activate a distinct secretome, enriched for signalling factors. Osteopontin, the leading nevus signalling factor, is both necessary and sufficient to induce hair growth. Injection of osteopontin or its genetic overexpression is sufficient to induce robust hair growth in mice, whereas germline and conditional deletions of either osteopontin or CD44, its cognate receptor on epithelial hair cells, rescue enhanced hair growth induced by dermal nevus melanocytes. Osteopontin is overexpressed in human hairy nevi, and it stimulates new growth of human hair follicles. Although broad accumulation of senescent cells, such as upon ageing or genotoxic stress, is detrimental for the regenerative capacity of tissue4, we show that signalling by senescent cell clusters can potently enhance the activity of adjacent intact stem cells and stimulate tissue renewal. This finding identifies senescent cells and their secretome as an attractive therapeutic target in regenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Raul Ramos
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anne Q Phan
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kosuke Yamaga
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jessica L Flesher
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ji Won Oh
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Hair Transplantation Center, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Suoqin Jin
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sohail Jahid
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Truman Kt Nguyen
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Heidi Y Liang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nitish Udupi Shettigar
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Amplifica Holdings Group, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Renzhi Hou
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kevin H Tran
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Nguyen
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly N Vu
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jennie L Phung
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonard P Ingal
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Katelyn M Levitt
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoling Cao
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yingzi Liu
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nobuhiko Taguchi
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration and Advanced Medical Science, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Vanessa M Scarfone
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Guangfang Wang
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kara Nicole Paolilli
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christian F Guerrero-Juarez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ryan T Davis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Rolando Ruiz-Vega
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Priya Vasudeva
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rabi Murad
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Hye-Lim Lee
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J McElwee
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Alain-Pierre Gadeau
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1034, Adaptation cardiovasculaire à l'ischémie, Pessac, France
| | - Devon A Lawson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Takahiro Kunisada
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration and Advanced Medical Science, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, Ulm, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena, Germany
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anand K Ganesan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Amplifica Holdings Group, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.
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14
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Yehya A, Youssef J, Hachem S, Ismael J, Abou-Kheir W. Tissue-specific cancer stem/progenitor cells: Therapeutic implications. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:323-341. [PMID: 37342220 PMCID: PMC10277968 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation are the standard therapeutic modalities for treating cancer. These approaches are intended to target the more mature and rapidly dividing cancer cells. However, they spare the relatively quiescent and intrinsically resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) subpopulation residing within the tumor tissue. Thus, a temporary eradication is achieved and the tumor bulk tends to revert supported by CSCs' resistant features. Based on their unique expression profile, the identification, isolation, and selective targeting of CSCs hold great promise for challenging treatment failure and reducing the risk of cancer recurrence. Yet, targeting CSCs is limited mainly by the irrelevance of the utilized cancer models. A new era of targeted and personalized anti-cancer therapies has been developed with cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) as a tool for establishing pre-clinical tumor models. Herein, we discuss the updated and presently available tissue-specific CSC markers in five highly occurring solid tumors. Additionally, we highlight the advantage and relevance of the three-dimensional PDOs culture model as a platform for modeling cancer, evaluating the efficacy of CSC-based therapeutics, and predicting drug response in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Yehya
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Joe Youssef
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Sana Hachem
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Jana Ismael
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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15
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Kim J, Seki E. Hyaluronan in liver fibrosis: basic mechanisms, clinical implications, and therapeutic targets. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0083. [PMID: 36930869 PMCID: PMC10027054 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), also known as hyaluronic acid, is a glycosaminoglycan that is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Production and deposition of ECM is a wound-healing response that occurs during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis. ECM production is a sign of the disease progression of fibrosis. Indeed, the accumulation of HA in the liver and elevated serum HA levels are used as biomarkers of cirrhosis. However, recent studies also suggest that the ECM, and HA in particular, as a functional signaling molecule, facilitates disease progression and regulation. The systemic and local levels of HA are regulated by de novo synthesis, cleavage, endocytosis, and degradation of HA, and the molecular mass of HA influences its pathophysiological effects. However, the regulatory mechanisms of HA synthesis and catabolism and the functional role of HA are still poorly understood in liver fibrosis. This review summarizes the role of HA in liver fibrosis at molecular levels as well as its clinical implications and discusses the potential therapeutic uses of targeting HA in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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16
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Urriola-Muñoz P, Pattison LA, Smith ESJ. Dysregulation of ADAM10 shedding activity in naked mole-rat fibroblasts is due to deficient phosphatidylserine externalization. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:761-775. [PMID: 36790936 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The naked mole-rat (NMR, Heterocephalus glaber) is of significant interest to biogerontological research, rarely developing age-associated diseases, such as cancer. The transmembrane glycoprotein CD44 is upregulated in certain cancers and CD44 cleavage by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) regulates cellular migration. Here we provide evidence that mature ADAM10 is expressed in NMR primary skin fibroblasts (NPSF), and that ionomycin increases cell surface ADAM10 localization. However, we observed an absence of ADAM10 mediated CD44 cleavage, as well as shedding of exogenous and overexpressed betacellulin in NPSF, whereas in mouse primary skin fibroblasts ionomycin induced ADAM10-dependent cleavage of both CD44 and betacellulin. Overexpressing a hyperactive form of the Ca2+ -dependent phospholipid scramblase ANO6 in NPSF increased phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, which rescued the ADAM10 sheddase activity and promoted cell migration in NPSF in an ADAM10-dependent manner. These findings suggest that dysregulation of ADAM10 shedding activity is due to a deficient PS externalization in NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke A Pattison
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ewan St J Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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17
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Brennan J, Lu ML, Kang Y. A New Model of Esophageal Cancers by Using a Detergent-Free Decellularized Matrix in a Perfusion Bioreactor. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:96. [PMID: 36671668 PMCID: PMC9854977 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of physiologically relevant human esophageal cancer models has as a result that many esophageal cancer studies are encountering major bottleneck challenges in achieving breakthrough progress. To address the issue, here we engineered a 3D esophageal tumor tissue model using a biomimetic decellularized esophageal matrix in a customized bioreactor. To obtain a biomimetic esophageal matrix, we developed a detergent-free, rapid decellularization method to decellularize porcine esophagus. We characterized the decellularized esophageal matrix (DEM) and utilized the DEM for the growth of esophageal cancer cell KYSE30 in well plates and the bioreactor. We then analyzed the expression of cancer-related markers of KYSE30 cells and compared them with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue biospecimens. Our results show that the detergent-free decellularization method preserved the esophageal matrix components and effectively removed cell nucleus. KYSE30 cancer cells proliferated well on and inside the DEM. KYSE30 cells cultured on the DEM in the dynamic bioreactor show different cancer marker expressions than those in the static well plate, and also share some similarities to the FFPE-ESCC biospecimens. These findings built a foundation with potential for further study of esophageal cancer behavior in a biomimetic microenvironment using this new esophageal cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Brennan
- Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Michael L. Lu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Faculty of Integrative Biology PhD Program, Department of Biological Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Yunqing Kang
- Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Faculty of Integrative Biology PhD Program, Department of Biological Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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18
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Wöhner B, Li W, Hey S, Drobny A, Werny L, Becker-Pauly C, Lucius R, Zunke F, Linder S, Arnold P. Proteolysis of CD44 at the cell surface controls a downstream protease network. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1026810. [PMID: 36876041 PMCID: PMC9981664 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1026810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell surface receptor cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is the main hyaluronan receptor of the human body. At the cell surface, it can be proteolytically processed by different proteases and was shown to interact with different matrix metalloproteinases. Upon proteolytic processing of CD44 and generation of a C-terminal fragment (CTF), an intracellular domain (ICD) is released after intramembranous cleavage by the γ-secretase complex. This intracellular domain then translocates to the nucleus and induces transcriptional activation of target genes. In the past CD44 was identified as a risk gene for different tumor entities and a switch in CD44 isoform expression towards isoform CD44s associates with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer cell invasion. Here, we introduce meprin β as a new sheddase of CD44 and use a CRISPR/Cas9 approach to deplete CD44 and its sheddases ADAM10 and MMP14 in HeLa cells. We here identify a regulatory loop at the transcriptional level between ADAM10, CD44, MMP14 and MMP2. We show that this interplay is not only present in our cell model, but also across different human tissues as deduced from GTEx (Gene Tissue Expression) data. Furthermore, we identify a close relation between CD44 and MMP14 that is also reflected in functional assays for cell proliferation, spheroid formation, migration and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Wöhner
- Anatomical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wenjia Li
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Hey
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alice Drobny
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ludwig Werny
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Lucius
- Anatomical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Zamloot V, Ebelt ND, Soo C, Jinka S, Manuel ER. Targeted Depletion of Hyaluronic Acid Mitigates Murine Breast Cancer Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4614. [PMID: 36230537 PMCID: PMC9562634 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is highly elevated in breast cancers compared to normal breast tissue and is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis. HA interacts with cell-trafficking CD44 receptors to promote tumor cell migration and proliferation and regulates both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production through tumor-associated macrophages. The highly negative charge of HA enables its uptake of vast amounts of water that greatly increases the tumor interstitial fluidic pressure, which, combined with the presence of other extracellular matrix components such as collagen, results in tumor stroma with abnormal vasculature, hypoxia, and increased drug resistance. Thus, the degradation of HA in breast cancer may attenuate growth and improve permeability to anticancer agents. Previous methods to deplete tumor HA have resulted in significant off-tumor effects due to the systemic use of mammalian hyaluronidases. To overcome this, we developed a hyaluronidase-secreting Salmonella typhimurium (YS-HAse) that specifically and preferentially colonizes tumors to deplete HA. We show that the systemic administration of YS-HAse in immunocompetent murine models of breast cancer enhances tumor perfusion, controls tumor growth, and restructures the tumor immune contexture. These studies highlight the utility of YS-HAse as a novel microbial-based therapeutic that may also be combined with existing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Edwin R. Manuel
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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20
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Mascarenhas DD. Immodulin peptides influence musculoskeletal homeostasis by linking extracellular cues to macrophage and myoblast nuclear receptors. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 32:10695. [PMID: 36121116 PMCID: PMC9830397 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Immodulins are synthetic peptides derived from the C-terminal domains of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs). Immodulins from the 3/5/6 (but not 1/2/4) IGFBP evolutionary clade transduce extracellular matrix (ECM) signals to RXR, NR4A1 and PPAR-alpha nuclear receptors (NRs) to stimulate novel macrophage lineages. The rationale of this study was to reconcile physical associations of immodulins with ECM and NRs, effects of siRNAs and chemical inhibitors in vivo, and immodulin-driven pro-differentiation effects in cell culture. When added to THP1D cells, immodulins stimulate CD169+ Clec9a+ and Clec12a+ macrophage lineages via a EP300/RXRγ/Nur77 transcriptional mechanism. This phenomenon is accompanied by the secretion of CCL22, IL-10 and TGFbeta and the ability to stimulate FoxP3+ T-cells in co-culture. ECM ligands of 3/5/6 immodulins include iron, zinc, glycosaminoglycans, transferrin and phosphatidylinositol-4,5,-biphosphate (PIP2), which can influence their pro-differentiation effects. Remarkably, immodulins also stimulate myogenesis in C2C12 myoblasts, thereby revealing a novel link between immune and musculoskeletal homeostasis. Distinct NR agonists stimulate these companion differentiation processes. Using solution NMR to guide design, immodulins with a tripeptide extension near the iron-binding pocket demonstrated higher iron-binding and improved pro-differentiation activities. Transferrin-bound immodulin shows binding preference for both high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HMWHA) and HMWHA:CD44 complexes at endosomal pH, and interacts with PIP2 at normal physiological pH, offering intriguing mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond D. Mascarenhas
- Ph.D. Mayflower Organization for Research and Education, 428 Oakmead Parkway, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA. Phone: 001 408-523-6279 Bibliography online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/desmond.mascarenhas.1/bibliography/public/ ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0710-9960
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21
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CD44 Contributes to the Regulation of MDR1 Protein and Doxorubicin Chemoresistance in Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158616. [PMID: 35955749 PMCID: PMC9368984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of pediatric bone tumor. Despite great advances in chemotherapy during the past decades, the survival rates of osteosarcoma patients remain unsatisfactory. Drug resistance is one of the main reasons, leading to treatment failure and poor prognosis. Previous reports correlated expression of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) with drug resistance and poor survival of osteosarcoma patients, however the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. Here, we investigated the role of CD44 in the regulation of drug chemoresistance, using osteosarcoma cells isolated from mice carrying a mutation of the tumor suppressor neurofibromatosis type 2 (Nf2) gene. CD44 expression was knocked-down in the cells using CRISPR/Cas9 approach. Subsequently, CD44 isoforms and mutants were re-introduced to investigate CD44-dependent processes. Sensitivity to doxorubicin was analyzed in the osteosarcoma cells with modified CD44 expression by immunoblot, colony formation- and WST-1 assay. To dissect the molecular alterations induced by deletion of Cd44, RNA sequencing was performed on Cd44-positive and Cd44-negative primary osteosarcoma tissues isolated from Nf2-mutant mice. Subsequently, expression of candidate genes was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Our results indicate that CD44 increases the resistance of osteosarcoma cells to doxorubicin by up-regulating the levels of multidrug resistance (MDR) 1 protein expression, and suggest the role of proteolytically released CD44 intracellular domain, and hyaluronan interactions in this process. Moreover, high throughput sequencing analysis identified differential regulation of several apoptosis-related genes in Cd44-positive and -negative primary osteosarcomas, including p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP-22 (Perp). Deletion of Cd44 in osteosarcoma cells led to doxorubicin-dependent p53 activation and a profound increase in Perp mRNA expression. Overall, our results suggest that CD44 might be an important regulator of drug resistance and suggest that targeting CD44 can sensitize osteosarcoma to standard chemotherapy.
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22
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CD44 Depletion in Glioblastoma Cells Suppresses Growth and Stemness and Induces Senescence. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153747. [PMID: 35954411 PMCID: PMC9367353 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor, characterized by enhanced proliferation and invasion, as well as increased vascularization and chemoresistance. The expression of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 has been shown to correlate with GBM progression and poor prognosis. Here, we sought to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which CD44 promotes GBM progression by knocking out (KO) CD44, employing CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in U251MG cells. CD44-depleted cells exhibited an impaired proliferation rate, as shown by the decreased cell numbers, decreased Ki67-positive cell nuclei, diminished phosphorylation of CREB, and increased levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p16 compared to control cells. Furthermore, the CD44 KO cells showed decreased stemness and increased senescence, which was manifested upon serum deprivation. In stem cell-like enriched spheres, RNA-sequencing analysis of U251MG cells revealed a CD44 dependence for gene signatures related to hypoxia, the glycolytic pathway, and G2 to M phase transition. Partially similar results were obtained when cells were treated with the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT, which inhibits CD44 cleavage and therefore inhibits the release of the intracellular domain (ICD) of CD44, suggesting that certain transcriptional responses are dependent on CD44-ICD. Interestingly, the expression of molecules involved in hyaluronan synthesis, degradation, and interacting matrix proteins, as well as of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms and PDGF receptors, were also deregulated in CD44 KO cells. These results were confirmed by the knockdown of CD44 in another GBM cell line, U2990. Notably, downregulation of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) impaired the hypoxia-related genes and decreased the CD44 protein levels, suggesting a CD44/hyaluronan feedback circuit contributing to GBM progression.
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23
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Lubanska D, Alrashed S, Mason GT, Nadeem F, Awada A, DiPasquale M, Sorge A, Malik A, Kojic M, Soliman MAR, deCarvalho AC, Shamisa A, Kulkarni S, Marquardt D, Porter LA, Rondeau-Gagné S. Impairing proliferation of glioblastoma multiforme with CD44+ selective conjugated polymer nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12078. [PMID: 35840697 PMCID: PMC9287456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive types of cancer with success of therapy being hampered by the existence of treatment resistant populations of stem-like Tumour Initiating Cells (TICs) and poor blood-brain barrier drug penetration. Therapies capable of effectively targeting the TIC population are in high demand. Here, we synthesize spherical diketopyrrolopyrrole-based Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles (CPNs) with an average diameter of 109 nm. CPNs were designed to include fluorescein-conjugated Hyaluronic Acid (HA), a ligand for the CD44 receptor present on one population of TICs. We demonstrate blood-brain barrier permeability of this system and concentration and cell cycle phase-dependent selective uptake of HA-CPNs in CD44 positive GBM-patient derived cultures. Interestingly, we found that uptake alone regulated the levels and signaling activity of the CD44 receptor, decreasing stemness, invasive properties and proliferation of the CD44-TIC populations in vitro and in a patient-derived xenograft zebrafish model. This work proposes a novel, CPN- based, and surface moiety-driven selective way of targeting of TIC populations in brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Lubanska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Sami Alrashed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Gage T Mason
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Fatima Nadeem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Angela Awada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Mitchell DiPasquale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Alexandra Sorge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Aleena Malik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Monika Kojic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Mohamed A R Soliman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ana C deCarvalho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Abdalla Shamisa
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Swati Kulkarni
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Drew Marquardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Lisa A Porter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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24
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Li Y, He Y, Xiang J, Feng L, Wang Y, Chen R. The Functional Mechanism of MicroRNA in Oral Lichen Planus. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4261-4274. [PMID: 35923905 PMCID: PMC9342247 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s369304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are transcribed from the genomes of mammals and other complex organisms, and many of them are alternately spliced and processed into smaller products. Types of ncRNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs, and long ncRNAs. miRNAs are about 21 nucleotides long and form a broad class of post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that affect numerous developmental and physiological processes in eukaryotes. They usually act as negative regulators of mRNA expression through complementary binding sequences in the 3’-UTR of the target mRNA, leading to translation inhibition and target degradation. In recent years, the importance of ncRNA in oral lichen planus (OLP), particularly miRNA, has attracted extensive attention. However, the biological functions of miRNAs and their mechanisms in OLP are still unclear. In this review, we discuss the role and function of miRNAs in OLP, and we also describe their potential functional roles as biomarkers for the diagnosis of OLP. MiRNAs are promising new therapeutic targets, but more work is needed to understand their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshan Li
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaodong He
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junwei Xiang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linfei Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyin Wang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yuanyin Wang; Ran Chen, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Ran Chen
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Karalis T, Skandalis SS. Hyaluronan network: a driving force in cancer progression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C145-C158. [PMID: 35649255 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00139.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is one of the most abundant macromolecules of the extracellular matrix and regulates several physiological cell and tissue properties. However, hyaluronan has been shown to accumulate together with its receptors in various cancers. In tumors, accumulation of hyaluronan system components (hyaluronan synthesizing/degrading enzymes and interacting proteins) associates with poor outcomes of the patients. In this article, we review the main roles of hyaluronan in normal physiology and cancer, and further discuss the targeting of hyaluronan system as an applicable therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Karalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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26
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Kong L, Ji H, Gan X, Cao S, Li Z, Jin Y. Knockdown of CD44 inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells accompanied by downregulation of cathepsin S. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:154. [PMID: 35264209 PMCID: PMC8905747 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumour of mesenchymal origin. These tumours are characterised by rich vascularisation, therefore promoting rapid proliferation and facilitating metastasis. CD44 has been reported to be involved in OS, but its role and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the disease are not fully determined. METHODS In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of CD44 on the development of OS and further explored the molecular mechanisms. The expression of CD44, cathepsin S and MMP-9 was detected by Western blot (WB) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in different cell lines (MG63, U2OS OS and hFOB 1.19). To elucidate the role of CD44 in OS, MG63 and U2OS cells were treated with small interference RNA (siRNA) to knock down CD44, and the knockdown efficiency was validated with GFP and RT-qPCR. Furthermore, cell proliferation was assayed using Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays, and cell migration and invasion were assayed by transwell and wound-healing assays. RESULTS We found that CD44 expression in the MG63 and U2OS OS cell lines was markedly increased compared to that of the human osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cell line. Knockdown of CD44 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of MG63 and U2OS cells. Cathepsin S expression in the MG63 and U2OS OS cell lines was increased compared to that of the human osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cell line. When CD44 was knocked down, its expression level went down. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data reinforced the evidence that CD44 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion of OS cells accompanied by altered expression of cathepsin S. These findings offer new clues for OS development and progression, suggesting CD44 as a potential therapeutic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, No. 1 Nanyingzi Street, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Hairu Ji
- Pathology Teaching and Research Section, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Xintian Gan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, No. 1 Nanyingzi Street, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Sheng Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, No. 1 Nanyingzi Street, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhehong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, No. 1 Nanyingzi Street, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, No. 1 Nanyingzi Street, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China.
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27
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Bishnupuri KS, Sainathan SK, Ciorba MA, Houchen CW, Dieckgraefe BK. Reg4 Interacts with CD44 to Regulate Proliferation and Stemness of Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:387-399. [PMID: 34753802 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Regenerating Gene 4 (Reg4) is highly upregulated in gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies including colorectal and pancreatic cancers. Numerous studies demonstrated an association between higher Reg4 expression and tumor aggressiveness, intrinsic resistance to apoptotic death, and poor outcomes from GI malignancies. However, the precise receptor and underlying signaling mechanism have remained unknown. Although we previously reported a Reg4-mediated induction of EGFR activity in colorectal cancer cells, a direct interaction between Reg4 and EGFR was not observed. This study is focused on identifying the cell surface binding partner of Reg4 and dissecting its role in colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer growth and stem cell survival. In vitro models of human colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer were used to evaluate the results. Results of this study find: (i) Reg4 interacts with CD44, a transmembrane protein expressed by a population of colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer cells; (ii) Reg4 activates regulated intramembrane proteolysis of CD44 resulting in γ-secretase-mediated cleavage and release of the CD44 intracytoplasmic domain (CD44ICD) that functions as a transcriptional activator of D-type cyclins involved in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation and Klf4 and Sox2 expression involved in regulating pluripotency of cancer stem cells; and (iii) Reg4 significantly increases colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and their clonogenic potential in stem cell assays. IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that pro-proliferative and pro-stemness effects of Reg4 are mediated through γ-secretase-mediated CD44/CD44ICD signaling, hence strategies to disrupt Reg4-CD44-γ-secretase-CD44ICD signaling axis may increase cancer cell susceptibility to chemo- and radiotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar S Bishnupuri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Veteran Affair St Louis Health Care System, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Satheesh K Sainathan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew A Ciorba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Courtney W Houchen
- Section of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Brian K Dieckgraefe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Veteran Affair St Louis Health Care System, St Louis, Missouri
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28
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Circular RNA circPPP6R3 upregulates CD44 to promote the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via sponging miR-1238-3p. Cell Death Dis 2021; 13:22. [PMID: 34934046 PMCID: PMC8692348 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of covalently closed circular-formed RNAs and play crucial roles in the oncogenesis and progression of various human cancers. Here we identified a novel circRNA, circPPP6R3, to be highly expressed both in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues and cell lines based on analyzing high-throughput sequencing data and qRT-PCR analysis. Highly expressed circPPP6R3 was positively correlated with higher histological grade, T stage, and M stage as well as advanced clinical stage of ccRCC patients. Functionally, knockdown of circPPP6R3 attenuated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ccRCC cells whereas overexpression had the reverse effects. Mechanistically, the biotin-labeled pull-down assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that circPPP6R3 directly interacted with miR-1238-3p. miR-1238-3p inhibitors had a rescue effect on the proliferative and metastatic capacities by knockdown of circPPP6R3. Moreover, RNA-sequencing analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that circPPP6R3 upregulated CD44, a cell-surface glycoprotein contributed to the cell adhesion and metastasis, via sponging to miR-1238-3p. Further investigation revealed that MMP9 and Vimentin were regulated by CD44 in ccRCC. Our study thus provided evidence that the regulatory network involving circPPP6R3/miR-1238-3p/CD44 axis might provide promising biomarkers as well as a therapeutic approach for ccRCC.
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29
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Čēma I, Dzudzilo M, Kleina R, Franckevica I, Svirskis Š. Correlation of Soluble CD44 Expression in Saliva and CD44 Protein in Oral Leukoplakia Tissues. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225739. [PMID: 34830890 PMCID: PMC8616328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether and how pan-CD44 protein expression in leukoplakia tissues correlates with positive SolCD44 test presence and their role in oral leukoplakia. SolCD44 and total protein expression in saliva were determined using an OncAlert® Oral Cancer Rapid test. Comparison of paired associations of total protein, SolCD44, mean number of CD44 expressed epithelial layers in leukoplakia tissue, and macrophages below the basement membrane between control group and patients with leukoplakia showed statistically significant results (p < 0.0001). It is shown that the total protein indicates low or elevated risk of possible malignant transformation processes in leukoplakia. Statistically significant differences between higher total protein level and clinical forms of oral leukoplakia (p < 0.0001), as well as CD44-labeled epithelial cell layer decrease (p < 0.0001), were found. This possibly points to the onset of the stemness loss in leukoplakia tissue. CD9 antigen expression in the exosomes of the oral epithelium explained the intercellular flow of SolCD44 and other fluids in the leukoplakia area. We conclude that the OncAlert® Oral Cancer Rapid test is a valuable screening method in daily clinical practice, in terms of complementing clinical diagnostics methods and to assess the potential for early malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrīda Čēma
- Department of Oral Medicine, Rīga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Str., LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia
- Correspondence:
| | - Madara Dzudzilo
- Doctoral Study Department, Rīga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Str., LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia;
| | - Regīna Kleina
- Department of Pathology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Str., LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia;
| | - Ivanda Franckevica
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Vienības Gatve 45, LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia;
| | - Šimons Svirskis
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 5 Rātsupītes Str., LV-1067 Rīga, Latvia;
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Simultaneous targeting of CD44 and MMP9 catalytic and hemopexin domains as a therapeutic strategy. Biochem J 2021; 478:1139-1157. [PMID: 33600567 PMCID: PMC7959692 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk of the oncogenic matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and one of its ligands, CD44, involves cleavage of CD44 by the MMP9 catalytic domain, with the CD44–MMP9 interaction on the cell surface taking place through the MMP9 hemopexin domain (PEX). This interaction promotes cancer cell migration and invasiveness. In concert, MMP9-processed CD44 induces the expression of MMP9, which degrades ECM components and facilitates growth factor release and activation, cancer cell invasiveness, and metastasis. Since both MMP9 and CD44 contribute to cancer progression, we have developed a new strategy to fully block this neoplastic process by engineering a multi-specific inhibitor that simultaneously targets CD44 and both the catalytic and PEX domains of MMP9. Using a yeast surface display technology, we first obtained a high-affinity inhibitor for the MMP9 catalytic domain, which we termed C9, by modifying a natural non-specific MMP inhibitor, N-TIMP2. We then conjugated C9 via a flexible linker to PEX, thereby creating a multi-specific inhibitor (C9-PEX) that simultaneously targets the MMP9 catalytic and PEX domains and CD44. It is likely that, via its co-localization with CD44, C9-PEX may compete with MMP9 localization on the cell surface, thereby inhibiting MMP9 catalytic activity, reducing MMP9 cellular levels, interfering with MMP9 homodimerization, and reducing the activation of downstream MAPK/ERK pathway signaling. The developed platform could be extended to other oncogenic MMPs as well as to other important target proteins, thereby offering great promise for creating novel multi-specific therapeutics for cancer and other diseases.
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Lin J, Chen Z, Li Z, Nong D, Li X, Huang G, Hao N, Liang J, Li W. Screening of hub genes and evaluation of the growth regulatory role of CD44 in metastatic prostate cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:196. [PMID: 34296309 PMCID: PMC8317150 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer type in men worldwide. Currently, the management of metastatic PCa (mPCa) remains a challenge to urologists. The analysis of hub genes and pathways may facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanism of PCa. In the present study, to identify the hub genes in the mPCa, the three datasets GSE3325, GSE6919 and GSE38241 were downloaded from the platform of the Gene Expression Omnibus and function enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed. A total of 168 DEGs were obtained and the DEGs were significantly enriched in ‘cell junction’ and ‘cell adhesion’, among others. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that DEGs were enriched in three pathways including ‘focal adhesion’, ‘renal cell carcinoma’ and ‘Hippo signaling pathway’. The results of the protein-protein interaction network revealed that the hub genes in mPCa were separately PTEN, Rac GTPase-activating protein 1, protein regulator of cytokinesis 1, PDZ binding kinase, centromere-associated protein E, NUF2 component of NDC80 kinetochore complex, TPX2 microtubule nucleation factor, SOX2, CD44 and ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1. As a hub gene, CD44 was differentially expressed in PCa, as determined by Oncomine analysis. Further experiments in vivo demonstrated that SB-3CT, a selective matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor that has been reported to block CD44 cleavage and inhibit the downstream signaling pathway, suppressed the tumorigenicity of PCa cells by decreasing the expression levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4. Moreover, the combination therapy with SB-3CT and docetaxel was more effective in inhibiting PCa compared with monotherapy. In conclusion, the identification of DEGs and the in vivo experimental results helped to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PCa and provided a potential strategy for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Lin
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zuan Li
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Deyong Nong
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ximing Li
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Guihai Huang
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Nan Hao
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Liang
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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Nishikawa M, Inoue A, Ohnishi T, Yano H, Ozaki S, Kanemura Y, Suehiro S, Ohtsuka Y, Kohno S, Ohue S, Shigekawa S, Watanabe H, Kitazawa R, Tanaka J, Kunieda T. Hypoxia-induced phenotypic transition from highly invasive to less invasive tumors in glioma stem-like cells: Significance of CD44 and osteopontin as therapeutic targets in glioblastoma. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101137. [PMID: 34052625 PMCID: PMC8175402 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44, upregulated by HIF-1α under 1%O2, induces highly invasive phenotype GSCs. HIF-2α-activated OPN under 5%O2 promotes less-invasive/proliferative type GSCs. CD44 and OPN knockdowns inhibit in vitro/vivo GSCs invasion and proliferation.
The poor prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is primarily due to highly invasive glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) in tumors. Upon GBM recurrence, GSCs with highly invasive and highly migratory activities must assume a less-motile state and proliferate to regenerate tumor mass. Elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying this transition from a highly invasive phenotype to a less-invasive, proliferative tumor could facilitate the identification of effective molecular targets for treating GBM. Here, we demonstrate that severe hypoxia (1% O2) upregulates CD44 expression via activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), inducing GSCs to assume a highly invasive tumor. In contrast, moderate hypoxia (5% O2) upregulates osteopontin expression via activation of HIF-2α. The upregulated osteopontin inhibits CD44-promoted GSC migration and invasion and stimulates GSC proliferation, inducing GSCs to assume a less-invasive, highly proliferative tumor. These data indicate that the GSC phenotype is determined by interaction between CD44 and osteopontin. The expression of both CD44 and osteopontin is regulated by differential hypoxia levels. We found that CD44 knockdown significantly inhibited GSC migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Mouse brain tumors generated from CD44-knockdown GSCs exhibited diminished invasiveness, and the mice survived significantly longer than control mice. In contrast, siRNA-mediated silencing of the osteopontin gene decreased GSC proliferation. These results suggest that interaction between CD44 and osteopontin plays a key role in tumor progression in GBM; inhibition of both CD44 and osteopontin may represent an effective therapeutic approach for suppressing tumor progression, thus resulting in a better prognosis for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Akihiro Inoue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Takanori Ohnishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washokai Sadamoto Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-0052, Japan
| | - Hajime Yano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Saya Ozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Department of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka 540-0006, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka 540-0006, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suehiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohtsuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shohei Kohno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shiro Ohue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-0024, Japan
| | - Seiji Shigekawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hideaki Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Riko Kitazawa
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Zhang T, Fu C, Alradwan I, Yen T, Lip H, Cai P, Rauth AM, Zhang L, Wu XY. Targeting Signaling Pathways of Hyaluronic Acid and Integrin Receptors by Synergistic Combination Nanocomposites Inhibits Systemic Metastases and Primary Triple Negative Breast Cancer. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - Chaoping Fu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - Ibrahim Alradwan
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - TinYo Yen
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - HoYin Lip
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - Ping Cai
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - Andrew M. Rauth
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology University of Toronto 610 University Ave Toronto Ontario M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Liming Zhang
- DSAPM Lab and PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto 144 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3M2 Canada
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Koltai T, Reshkin SJ, Carvalho TMA, Cardone RA. Targeting the Stromal Pro-Tumoral Hyaluronan-CD44 Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3953. [PMID: 33921242 PMCID: PMC8069142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignancies. Present-day treatments have not shown real improvements in reducing the high mortality rate and the short survival of the disease. The average survival is less than 5% after 5 years. New innovative treatments are necessary to curtail the situation. The very dense pancreatic cancer stroma is a barrier that impedes the access of chemotherapeutic drugs and at the same time establishes a pro-proliferative symbiosis with the tumor, thus targeting the stroma has been suggested by many authors. No ideal drug or drug combination for this targeting has been found as yet. With this goal in mind, here we have explored a different complementary treatment based on abundant previous publications on repurposed drugs. The cell surface protein CD44 is the main receptor for hyaluronan binding. Many malignant tumors show over-expression/over-activity of both. This is particularly significant in pancreatic cancer. The independent inhibition of hyaluronan-producing cells, hyaluronan synthesis, and/or CD44 expression, has been found to decrease the tumor cell's proliferation, motility, invasion, and metastatic abilities. Targeting the hyaluronan-CD44 pathway seems to have been bypassed by conventional mainstream oncological practice. There are existing drugs that decrease the activity/expression of hyaluronan and CD44: 4-methylumbelliferone and bromelain respectively. Some drugs inhibit hyaluronan-producing cells such as pirfenidone. The association of these three drugs has never been tested either in the laboratory or in the clinical setting. We present a hypothesis, sustained by hard experimental evidence, suggesting that the simultaneous use of these nontoxic drugs can achieve synergistic or added effects in reducing invasion and metastatic potential, in PDAC. A non-toxic, low-cost scheme for inhibiting this pathway may offer an additional weapon for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Tiago M. A. Carvalho
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Rosa A. Cardone
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (T.M.A.C.); (R.A.C.)
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TRAF4/6 Is Needed for CD44 Cleavage and Migration via RAC1 Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051021. [PMID: 33804427 PMCID: PMC7957764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The hyaluronan receptor CD44 can undergo proteolytic cleavage in two steps, leading to the release of its intracellular domain; this domain is translocated to the nucleus, where it affects the transcription of target genes. We report that CD44 cleavage in A549 lung cancer cells and other cells is promoted by transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) in a manner that is dependent on ubiquitin ligase tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 or 6 (TRAF4 or TRAF6, respectively). Stem-like A549 cells grown in spheres displayed increased TRAF4-dependent expression of CD44 variant isoforms, CD44 cleavage, and hyaluronan synthesis. Mechanistically, TRAF4 activated the small GTPase RAC1. CD44-dependent migration of A549 cells was inhibited by siRNA-mediated knockdown of TRAF4, which was rescued by the transfection of a constitutively active RAC1 mutant. Our findings support the notion that TRAF4/6 mediates pro-tumorigenic effects of CD44, and suggests that inhibitors of CD44 signaling via TRAF4/6 and RAC1 may be beneficial in the treatment of tumor patients.
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Sninsky JA, Bishnupuri KS, González I, Trikalinos NA, Chen L, Dieckgraefe BK. Reg4 and its downstream transcriptional activator CD44ICD in stage II and III colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2021; 12:278-291. [PMID: 33659040 PMCID: PMC7899555 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reg4 is highly expressed in gastrointestinal malignancies and acts as a mitogenic and pro-invasive factor. Our recent works suggest that Reg4 binds with CD44 and induces its proteolytic cleavage to release intra-cytoplasmic domain of CD44 (CD44ICD). The goal of this study is to demonstrate clinical significance of the Reg4-CD44/CD44ICD pathway in stage II/III colon cancer and its association with clinical parameters of aggression. We constructed a tissue microarray (TMA) of 93 stage II/III matched colon adenocarcinoma patients, 23 with recurrent disease. The TMA was immunohistochemically stained for Reg4, CD44, and CD44ICD proteins and analyzed to identify associations with tumor characteristics, recurrence and overall survival. The TMA data analysis showed a significant correlation between Reg4 and CD44 (r2 = 0.23, P = 0.028), CD44 and CD44ICD (r2 = 0.36, p = 0.0004), and Reg4 and CD44ICD (r2 = 0.45, p ≤ 0.0001). Reg4 expression was associated with larger tumor size (r2 = 0.23, p = 0.026). Although, no association was observed between Reg4, CD44, or CD44ICD expression and disease recurrence, Reg4-positive patients had a median survival of 4 years vs. 7 years for Reg4-negative patients (p = 0.04) in patients who recurred. Inhibition of the Reg4-CD44/CD44ICD pathway may be a future therapeutic target for colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A Sninsky
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kumar S Bishnupuri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Iván González
- Division of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nikolaos A Trikalinos
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ling Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian K Dieckgraefe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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CD44 and Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (TEVs). Possible Gateway to Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031463. [PMID: 33540535 PMCID: PMC7867195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis, the final stage of tumor progression, is a complex process governed by the interplay of multiple types of cells and the tumor microenvironment. One of the aspects of this interplay involves the release of various factors by the tumor cells alone or by forcing other cells to do so. As a consequence of these actions, tumor cells are prepared in favorable conditions for their dissemination and spread to other sites/organs, which guarantees their escape from immunosurveillance and further progression. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) represent a heterogeneous population of membrane-bound vesicles that are being actively released by different tumors. The array of proteins (i.e., receptors, cytokines, chemokines, etc.) and nucleic acids (i.e., mRNA, miR, etc.) that TEVs can transfer to other cells is often considered beneficial for the tumor’s survival and proliferation. One of the proteins that is associated with many different tumors as well as their TEVs is a cluster of differentiation 44 in its standard (CD44s) and variant (CD44v) form. This review covers the present information regarding the TEVs-mediated CD44s/CD44v transfer/interaction in the context of cancer metastasis. The content and the impact of the transferred cargo by this type of TEVs also are discussed with regards to tumor cell dissemination.
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FOLFOX Therapy Induces Feedback Upregulation of CD44v6 through YB-1 to Maintain Stemness in Colon Initiating Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020753. [PMID: 33451103 PMCID: PMC7828641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer initiating cells (CICs) drive tumor formation and drug-resistance, but how they develop drug-resistance characteristics is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that chemotherapeutic agent FOLFOX, commonly used for drug-resistant/metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, induces overexpression of CD44v6, MDR1, and oncogenic transcription/translation factor Y-box-binding protein-1 (YB-1). Our study revealed that CD44v6, a receptor for hyaluronan, increased the YB-1 expression through PGE2/EP1-mTOR pathway. Deleting CD44v6, and YB-1 by the CRISPR/Cas9 system attenuates the in vitro and in vivo tumor growth of CICs from FOLFOX resistant cells. The results of DNA:CD44v6 immunoprecipitated complexes by ChIP (chromatin-immunoprecipitation) assay showed that CD44v6 maintained the stemness traits by promoting several antiapoptotic and stemness genes, including cyclin-D1,BCL2,FZD1,GINS-1, and MMP9. Further, computer-based analysis of the clones obtained from the DNA:CD44v6 complex revealed the presence of various consensus binding sites for core stemness-associated transcription factors “CTOS” (c-Myc, TWIST1, OCT4, and SOX2). Simultaneous expressions of CD44v6 and CTOS in CD44v6 knockout CICs reverted differentiated CD44v6-knockout CICs into CICs. Finally, this study for the first time describes a positive feedback loop that couples YB-1 induction and CD44 alternative splicing to sustain the MDR1 and CD44v6 expressions, and CD44v6 is required for the reversion of differentiated tumor cells into CICs.
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Medrano-González PA, Rivera-Ramírez O, Montaño LF, Rendón-Huerta EP. Proteolytic Processing of CD44 and Its Implications in Cancer. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6667735. [PMID: 33505471 PMCID: PMC7811561 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6667735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in several healthy and tumor tissues. Modifications in its structure contribute differently to the activity of this molecule. One modification that has provoked interest is the consecutive cleavage of the CD44 extracellular ectodomain by enzymes that belong mainly to the family of metalloproteases. This process releases biologically active substrates, via alternative splice forms of CD44, that generate CD44v3 or v6 isoforms which participate in the transcriptional regulation of genes and proteins associated to signaling pathways involved in the development of cancer. These include the protooncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (c-Src)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), the epithelial growth factor receptor, the estrogen receptor, Wnt/βcatenin, or Hippo signaling pathways all of which are associated to cell proliferation, differentiation, or cancer progression. Whereas CD44 still remains as a very useful prognostic cell marker in different pathologies, the main topic is that the generation of CD44 intracellular fragments assists the regulation of transcriptional proteins involved in the cell cycle, cell metabolism, and most importantly, the regulation of some stem cell-associated markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Anhel Medrano-González
- Lab. Inmunobiología, Depto. Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edif. D, 1 piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Mexico, Mexico
| | - Osmar Rivera-Ramírez
- Lab. Inmunobiología, Depto. Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Montaño
- Lab. Inmunobiología, Depto. Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Erika P. Rendón-Huerta
- Lab. Inmunobiología, Depto. Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico, Mexico
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Xu H, Niu M, Yuan X, Wu K, Liu A. CD44 as a tumor biomarker and therapeutic target. Exp Hematol Oncol 2020; 9:36. [PMID: 33303029 PMCID: PMC7727191 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44, a complex transmembrane glycoprotein, exists in multiple molecular forms, including the standard isoform CD44s and CD44 variant isoforms. CD44 participates in multiple physiological processes, and aberrant expression and dysregulation of CD44 contribute to tumor initiation and progression. CD44 represents a common biomarker of cancer stem cells, and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CD44 is involved in the regulation of diverse vital signaling pathways that modulate cancer proliferation, invasion, metastasis and therapy-resistance, and it is also modulated by a variety of molecules in cancer cells. In addition, CD44 can serve as an adverse prognostic marker among cancer population. The pleiotropic roles of CD44 in carcinoma potentially offering new molecular target for therapeutic intervention. Preclinical and clinical trials for evaluating the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and drug-related toxicity of CD44 monoclonal antibody have been carried out among tumors with CD44 expression. In this review, we focus on current data relevant to CD44, and outline CD44 structure, the regulation of CD44, functional properties of CD44 in carcinogenesis and cancer progression as well as the potential CD44-targeting therapy for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University: Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Xun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University: Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China. .,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aiguo Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Martincuks A, Li PC, Zhao Q, Zhang C, Li YJ, Yu H, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L. CD44 in Ovarian Cancer Progression and Therapy Resistance-A Critical Role for STAT3. Front Oncol 2020; 10:589601. [PMID: 33335857 PMCID: PMC7736609 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.589601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in cancer therapy over the last decades, ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy worldwide with the five-year overall survival rate less than 30% due to frequent disease recurrence and chemoresistance. CD44 is a non-kinase transmembrane receptor that has been linked to cancer metastatic progression, cancer stem cell maintenance, and chemoresistance development via multiple mechanisms across many cancers, including ovarian, and represents a promising therapeutic target for ovarian cancer treatment. Moreover, CD44-mediated signaling interacts with other well-known pro-tumorigenic pathways and oncogenes during cancer development, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Given that both CD44 and STAT3 are strongly implicated in the metastatic progression and chemoresistance of ovarian tumors, this review summarizes currently available evidence about functional crosstalk between CD44 and STAT3 in human malignancies with an emphasis on ovarian cancer. In addition to the role of tumor cell-intrinsic CD44 and STAT3 interaction in driving cancer progression and metastasis, we discuss how CD44 and STAT3 support the pro-tumorigenic tumor microenvironment and promote tumor angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and cancer metabolic reprogramming in favor of cancer progression. Finally, we review the current state of therapeutic CD44 targeting and propose superior treatment possibilities for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antons Martincuks
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Pei-Chuan Li
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Yi-Jia Li
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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Bulle A, Lim KH. Beyond just a tight fortress: contribution of stroma to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:249. [PMID: 33122631 PMCID: PMC7596088 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel effective treatment is direly needed for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Therapeutics that target the driver mutations, especially the KRAS oncoprotein and its effector cascades, have been ineffective. It is increasing clear that the extensive fibro-inflammatory stroma (or desmoplasia) of PDAC plays an active role in the progression and therapeutic resistance of PDAC. The desmoplastic stroma is composed of dense extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited mainly by the cancer-associated-fibroblasts (CAFs) and infiltrated with various types of immune cells. The dense ECM functions as a physical barrier that limits tumor vasculatures and distribution of therapeutics to PDAC cells. In addition, mounting evidence have demonstrated that both CAFs and ECM promote PDAC cells aggressiveness through multiple mechanisms, particularly engagement of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Acquisition of a mesenchymal-like phenotype renders PDAC cells more invasive and resistant to therapy-induced apoptosis. Here, we critically review seminal and recent articles on the signaling mechanisms by which each stromal element promotes EMT in PDAC. We discussed the experimental models that are currently employed and best suited to study EMT in PDAC, which are instrumental in increasing the chance of successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashenafi Bulle
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kian-Huat Lim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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43
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Senbanjo LT, AlJohani H, AlQranei M, Majumdar S, Ma T, Chellaiah MA. Identification of sequence-specific interactions of the CD44-intracellular domain with RUNX2 in the transcription of matrix metalloprotease-9 in human prostate cancer cells. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:586-602. [PMID: 33062960 PMCID: PMC7556329 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aim The Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) transmembrane protein is cleaved by γ-secretase, the inhibition of which blocks CD44 cleavage. This study aimed to determine the biological consequence of CD44 cleavage and its potential interaction with Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX2) in a sequence-specific manner in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Methods Using full-length and C-terminal deletion constructs of CD44-ICD (D1-D5) expressed as stable green fluorescent protein-fusion proteins in PC3 cells, we located possible RUNX2-binding sequences. Results Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the C-terminal amino acid residues between amino acids 671 and 706 in D1 to D3 constructs were indispensable for sequence-specific binding of RUNX2. This binding was minimal for sequences in the D4 and D5 constructs. Correspondingly, an increase in matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) expression was observed at the mRNA and protein levels in PC3 cells stably expressing D1-D3 constructs. Conclusion These results provide biochemical evidence for the possible sequence-specific CD44-ICD/RUNX2 interaction and its functional relationship to MMP-9 transcription in the promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda T Senbanjo
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hanan AlJohani
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mohammed AlQranei
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sunipa Majumdar
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Meenakshi A Chellaiah
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Liu A, Ildefonso CJ, Bond WS, Hurwitz MY, Hurwitz RL. Inhibitors of metalloprotease, γ-sectretase, protein kinase C and Rho kinase inhibit wild-type adenoviral replication. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236175. [PMID: 32697798 PMCID: PMC7375579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses cause upper respiratory infections, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and gastrointestinal illness. These can be fatal in immunocompromised individuals. Adenoviruses have also been engineered into viral vectors to deliver therapeutic genes or induce immunity as vaccine carriers. The success of ocular gene therapy is driven partly by the immunologic and biochemical influences of the intraocular environment. We have shown that versican and hyaluronan modulate adenoviral vector transgene expression through CD44 signaling. Herein we explored the role of these pathways on virus replication and viral protein expression of wild type adenovirus. We report that the addition of vitreous humor (which contains both versican and hyaluronan) increases viral hexon protein levels. Vitreous humor also increased wild type adenovirus DNA replication in vitro. Metalloproteinase and γ-secretase inhibitors, which inhibit CD44 proteolytic activation, blocked adenoviral replication in vitro. Similarly, protein kinase C and RhoA kinase inhibitors, both proteins associated with CD44 mediated pathways, also inhibited wild type adenoviral replication in vitro. Application of metalloproteinase and γ-secretase inhibitors to human conjunctival explants sharply decreased adenoviral vector gene expression. Our results demonstrate that pharmacologic delivery of these inhibitors is easily achievable. The inhibition of these enzymes should be explored as potential therapies of wild type adenoviral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Summer Undergraduate Research Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cristhian J. Ildefonso
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wesley S. Bond
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mary Y. Hurwitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard L. Hurwitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Summer Undergraduate Research Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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45
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Witschen PM, Chaffee TS, Brady NJ, Huggins DN, Knutson TP, LaRue RS, Munro SA, Tiegs L, McCarthy JB, Nelson AC, Schwertfeger KL. Tumor Cell Associated Hyaluronan-CD44 Signaling Promotes Pro-Tumor Inflammation in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1325. [PMID: 32455980 PMCID: PMC7281239 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been conceptualized as a chronic wound with a predominance of tumor promoting inflammation. Given the accumulating evidence that the microenvironment supports tumor growth, we investigated hyaluronan (HA)-CD44 interactions within breast cancer cells, to determine whether this axis directly impacts the formation of an inflammatory microenvironment. Our results demonstrate that breast cancer cells synthesize and fragment HA and express CD44 on the cell surface. Using RNA sequencing approaches, we found that loss of CD44 in breast cancer cells altered the expression of cytokine-related genes. Specifically, we found that production of the chemokine CCL2 by breast cancer cells was significantly decreased after depletion of either CD44 or HA. In vivo, we found that CD44 deletion in breast cancer cells resulted in a delay in tumor formation and localized progression. This finding was accompanied by a decrease in infiltrating CD206+ macrophages, which are typically associated with tumor promoting functions. Importantly, our laboratory results were supported by human breast cancer patient data, where increased HAS2 expression was significantly associated with a tumor promoting inflammatory gene signature. Because high levels of HA deposition within many tumor types yields a poorer prognosis, our results emphasize that HA-CD44 interactions potentially have broad implications across multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice M. Witschen
- Comparative and Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Thomas S. Chaffee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (T.S.C.); (D.N.H.); (T.P.K.); (R.S.L.); (S.A.M.); (J.B.M.)
| | - Nicholas J. Brady
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Danielle N. Huggins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (T.S.C.); (D.N.H.); (T.P.K.); (R.S.L.); (S.A.M.); (J.B.M.)
| | - Todd P. Knutson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (T.S.C.); (D.N.H.); (T.P.K.); (R.S.L.); (S.A.M.); (J.B.M.)
- University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rebecca S. LaRue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (T.S.C.); (D.N.H.); (T.P.K.); (R.S.L.); (S.A.M.); (J.B.M.)
- University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sarah A. Munro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (T.S.C.); (D.N.H.); (T.P.K.); (R.S.L.); (S.A.M.); (J.B.M.)
- University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lyubov Tiegs
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - James B. McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (T.S.C.); (D.N.H.); (T.P.K.); (R.S.L.); (S.A.M.); (J.B.M.)
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Andrew C. Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (T.S.C.); (D.N.H.); (T.P.K.); (R.S.L.); (S.A.M.); (J.B.M.)
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Kathryn L. Schwertfeger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (T.S.C.); (D.N.H.); (T.P.K.); (R.S.L.); (S.A.M.); (J.B.M.)
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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46
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Takasugi M, Firsanov D, Tombline G, Ning H, Ablaeva J, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. Naked mole-rat very-high-molecular-mass hyaluronan exhibits superior cytoprotective properties. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2376. [PMID: 32398747 PMCID: PMC7217962 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rat (NMR), the longest-living rodent, produces very-high-molecular-mass hyaluronan (vHMM-HA), compared to other mammalian species. However, it is unclear if exceptional polymer length of vHMM-HA is important for longevity. Here, we show that vHMM-HA (>6.1 MDa) has superior cytoprotective properties compared to the shorter HMM-HA. It protects not only NMR cells, but also mouse and human cells from stress-induced cell-cycle arrest and cell death in a polymer length-dependent manner. The cytoprotective effect is dependent on the major HA-receptor, CD44. We find that vHMM-HA suppresses CD44 protein-protein interactions, whereas HMM-HA promotes them. As a result, vHMM-HA and HMM-HA induce opposing effects on the expression of CD44-dependent genes, which are associated with the p53 pathway. Concomitantly, vHMM-HA partially attenuates p53 and protects cells from stress in a p53-dependent manner. Our results implicate vHMM-HA in anti-aging mechanisms and suggest the potential applications of vHMM-HA for enhancing cellular stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takasugi
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Denis Firsanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Gregory Tombline
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Hanbing Ning
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Julia Ablaeva
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
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Delgado‐Martín B, Medina MÁ. Advances in the Knowledge of the Molecular Biology of Glioblastoma and Its Impact in Patient Diagnosis, Stratification, and Treatment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902971. [PMID: 32382477 PMCID: PMC7201267 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. They arise in the glial tissue and primarily occur in the brain. Low-grade tumors of World Health Organization (WHO) grade II tend to progress to high-grade gliomas of WHO grade III and, eventually, glioblastoma of WHO grade IV, which is the most common and deadly glioma, with a median survival of 12-15 months after final diagnosis. Knowledge of the molecular biology and genetics of glioblastoma has increased significantly in the past few years, giving rise to classification methods that can help in management and stratification of glioblastoma patients. However, glioblastoma remains an incurable disease. Glioblastoma cells have acquired genetic and metabolic adaptations in order to sustain tumor growth and progression, including changes in energetic metabolism, invasive capacity, migration, and angiogenesis, that make it very difficult to find suitable therapeutic targets and to develop effective drugs. The current standard of care for glioblastoma patients is surgery followed by radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide. Although progress in glioblastoma therapies in recent years has been more limited than in other tumors, numerous drugs and targets are being proposed and many clinical trials are underway to develop effective subtype-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Delgado‐Martín
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryFaculty of SciencesCampus de Teatinos s/nUniversity of MálagaMálagaE‐29071Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryFaculty of SciencesCampus de Teatinos s/nUniversity of MálagaMálagaE‐29071Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga)MálagaE‐29071Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MálagaE‐29071Spain
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48
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Kim H, Takegahara N, Walsh MC, Choi Y. CD44 Can Compensate for IgSF11 Deficiency by Associating with the Scaffold Protein PSD-95 during Osteoclast Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072646. [PMID: 32290171 PMCID: PMC7177690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of osteoclasts, which are specialized multinucleated macrophages capable of bone resorption, is driven primarily by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Additional signaling from cell surface receptors, such as cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), is also required for osteoclast maturation. Previously, we have demonstrated that immunoglobulin superfamily 11 (IgSF11), a member of the immunoglobulin-CAM (IgCAM) family, plays an important role in osteoclast differentiation through association with the scaffold protein postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95). Here, we demonstrate that the osteoclast-expressed CAM CD44 can compensate for IgSF11 deficiency when cell-cell interaction conditions are suboptimal by associating with PSD-95. Impaired osteoclast differentiation in IgSF11-deficient (IgSF11-/-) cultures was rescued by antibody-mediated stimulation of CD44 or by treatment with low-molecular-weight hyaluronan (LMW-HA), a CD44 ligand. Biochemical analysis revealed that PSD-95, which is required for osteoclast differentiation, associates with CD44 in osteoclasts regardless of the presence or absence of IgSF11. RNAi-mediated knockdown of PSD-95 abrogated the effects of either CD44 stimulation or LMW-HA treatment on osteoclast differentiation, suggesting that CD44, similar to IgSF11, is functionally associated with PSD-95 during osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, these results reveal that CD44 can compensate for IgSF11 deficiency in osteoclasts through association with PSD-95.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yongwon Choi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +215-746-6404; Fax: +215-573-0888
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49
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A Potential Role of RUNX2- RUNT Domain in Modulating the Expression of Genes Involved in Bone Metastases: An In Vitro Study with Melanoma Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030751. [PMID: 32204402 PMCID: PMC7140624 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic expression of RUNX2 has been reported in several tumors. In melanoma cells, the RUNT domain of RUNX2 increases cell proliferation and migration. Due to the strong link between RUNX2 and skeletal development, we hypothesized that the RUNT domain may be involved in the modulation of mechanisms associated with melanoma bone metastasis. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of metastatic targets in wild type (WT) and RUNT KO melanoma cells by array and real-time PCR analyses. Western blot, ELISA, immunofluorescence, migration and invasion ability assays were also performed. Our findings showed that the expression levels of bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (SPP1) genes, which are involved in malignancy-induced hypercalcemia, were reduced in RUNT KO cells. In addition, released PTHrP levels were lower in RUNT KO cells than in WT cells. The RUNT domain also contributes to increased osteotropism and bone invasion in melanoma cells. Importantly, we found that the ERK/p-ERK and AKT/p-AKT pathways are involved in RUNT-promoted bone metastases. On the basis of our findings, we concluded that the RUNX2 RUNT domain is involved in the mechanisms promoting bone metastasis of melanoma cells via complex interactions between multiple players involved in bone remodeling.
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50
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Kong T, Ahn R, Yang K, Zhu X, Fu Z, Morin G, Bramley R, Cliffe NC, Xue Y, Kuasne H, Li Q, Jung S, Gonzalez AV, Camilleri-Broet S, Guiot MC, Park M, Ursini-Siegel J, Huang S. CD44 Promotes PD-L1 Expression and Its Tumor-Intrinsic Function in Breast and Lung Cancers. Cancer Res 2019; 80:444-457. [PMID: 31722999 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The PD-L1 (CD274) immune-checkpoint ligand is often upregulated in cancers to inhibit T cells and elicit immunosuppression. Independent of this activity, PD-L1 has recently been shown to also exert a cancer cell-intrinsic function promoting tumorigenesis. Here, we establish this tumor-intrinsic role of PD-L1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using FACS-assisted shRNA screens, we identified the cell-surface adhesion receptor CD44 as a key positive regulator of PD-L1 expression in these cancers. Mechanistically, CD44 activated PD-L1 transcription in part through its cleaved intracytoplasmic domain (ICD), which bound to a regulatory region of the PD-L1 locus containing a consensus CD44-ICD binding site. Supporting this genetic interaction, CD44 positively correlated with PD-L1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in primary tumor samples of TNBC and NSCLC patients. These data provide a novel basis for CD44 as a critical therapeutic target to suppress PD-L1 tumor-intrinsic function. SIGNIFICANCE: CD44 is a potential target to suppress PD-L1 function in TNBC. This finding has the potential to open a new area of therapy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kong
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryuhjin Ahn
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kangning Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xianbing Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Morin
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel Bramley
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nikki C Cliffe
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yibo Xue
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hellen Kuasne
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qinghao Li
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sungmi Jung
- Department of Pathology, Glen Site, McGill University Health Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne V Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Chest Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sophie Camilleri-Broet
- Department of Pathology, Glen Site, McGill University Health Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Guiot
- Departments of Pathology, Montreal Neurological Hospital/Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josie Ursini-Siegel
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sidong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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