1
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Tang J, Lam GT, Brooks RD, Miles M, Useckaite Z, Johnson IR, Ung BSY, Martini C, Karageorgos L, Hickey SM, Selemidis S, Hopkins AM, Rowland A, Vather R, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA, Caruso MC, Logan JM. Exploring the role of sporadic BRAF and KRAS mutations during colorectal cancer pathogenesis: A spotlight on the contribution of the endosome-lysosome system. Cancer Lett 2024; 585:216639. [PMID: 38290660 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The highly heterogenous nature of colorectal cancer can significantly hinder its early and accurate diagnosis, eventually contributing to high mortality rates. The adenoma-carcinoma sequence and serrated polyp-carcinoma sequence are the two most common sequences in sporadic colorectal cancer. Genetic alterations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and tumour protein 53 (TP53) genes are critical in adenoma-carcinoma sequence, whereas v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) and MutL Homolog1 (MLH1) are driving oncogenes in the serrated polyp-carcinoma sequence. Sporadic mutations in these genes contribute differently to colorectal cancer pathogenesis by introducing distinct alterations in several signalling pathways that rely on the endosome-lysosome system. Unsurprisingly, the endosome-lysosome system plays a pivotal role in the hallmarks of cancer and contributes to specialised colon function. Thus, the endosome-lysosome system might be distinctively influenced by different mutations and these alterations may contribute to the heterogenous nature of sporadic colorectal cancer. This review highlights potential connections between major sporadic colorectal cancer mutations and the diverse pathogenic mechanisms driven by the endosome-lysosome system in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Tang
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Giang T Lam
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Miles
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Zivile Useckaite
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian Rd Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ryash Vather
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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2
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Srivastava S, Mishra S, Babu G, Mohanty B. Neurotensin agonist PD149163 modulates lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the female reproductive system of mice. Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100828. [PMID: 38029502 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation-mediated reproductive health problems in females have become an emerging concern. The present investigation was aimed to elucidate the efficacy of the PD149163, agonist of the type I neurotensin receptor, in preventing/ameliorating the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation of the female reproductive system of the mice. Female Swiss Albino Mice (8 weeks old) were maintained in three groups (6/group): Group I as Control, Group II and Group III were exposed to intraperitoneal (i.p) LPS (1 mg/kg bw) for 5 days followed by treatment with PD149163 (100 μg/kg BW i.p.) to Group III (LPS + PD) for 28 days. After termination of the experiment on 29th day, plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines, LH, FSH, estradiol, corticosterone, oxidative stress effects in the ovary and histopathological study of the ovary and uterine horn were done. LPS-induced inflammation of the ovary and uterine horn was ameliorated/prevented by PD149163 as reflected in the reduced histopathological scores, significant elevation of the plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and decrease of the pro inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Significant decrease of lipid peroxide, increase of antioxidant defense enzymes, Superoxide dismutase and Catalase in the ovary indicated reduction of oxidative stress. The plasma levels of the reproduction related hormones and corticosterone were restored. PD149163 acts as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agent in modulation of inflammation in the female reproductive system (ovary & uterine horn). These findings suggest that the therapeutic potential of the analogs of neurotensin including PD149163 should be explored for the treatment of the female reproductive health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swarnima Mishra
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gyan Babu
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Banalata Mohanty
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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3
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Libanje F, Delille R, Young PA, Rolland S, Meyer-Losic F, Lewkowicz E, Klinz S. NTSR1 glycosylation and MMP dependent cleavage generate three distinct forms of the protein. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4663. [PMID: 36949141 PMCID: PMC10033925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
NTSR1 abnormal expression by cancer cells makes it a strategic target for antitumoral therapies, such as compounds that use NTSR1 binding probes to deliver cytotoxic agents to tumor cells. Success of these therapies relies on NTSR1 protein availability and accessibility; therefore, understanding the protein's biology is crucial. We studied NTSR1 protein in exogenously and endogenously expressing non-tumoral and tumoral cells. We found NTSR1 to be expressed as three distinct protein forms: the NTSR1-high form, a glycosylated protein; the NTSR1-low form, a N-terminally cleaved and de-glycosylated protein; and the NTSR1-LP protein with the MW size predicted by its NTSR1 amino acid sequence. We show that the NTSR1-high form is cleaved by MMPs to generate the NTSR1-low form, a process that is promoted by the Neurotensin (NTS) ligand. In addition, NTS induced the internalization of plasma membrane localized NTSR1 and degradation of NTSR1-low form via the proteasome. Importantly, we found NTSR1-low form to be the most abundant form in the tumoral cells and in PDAC Patient Derived Xenograft, demonstrating its physiopathological relevance. Altogether, our work provides important technical and experimental tools as well as new crucial insights into NTSR1 protein biology that are required to develop clinically relevant NTSR1 targeting anti-tumoral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotine Libanje
- Translational Biomarkers and Pharmacology, IPSEN Innovation, Les Ulis, France.
| | - Raphael Delille
- Translational Biomarkers and Pharmacology, IPSEN Innovation, Les Ulis, France
| | - Pamela A Young
- Translational Biomarkers and Pharmacology, IPSEN Innovation, Les Ulis, France
| | - Sylvie Rolland
- Translational Biomarkers and Pharmacology, IPSEN Innovation, Les Ulis, France
| | | | - Elodie Lewkowicz
- Translational Biomarkers and Pharmacology, IPSEN Innovation, Les Ulis, France
| | - Stephan Klinz
- Early Development and Translational Sciences, IPSEN Bioscience, Cambridge, USA
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4
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Wang W, Bian J, Sun Y, Li Z. The new fate of internalized membrane receptors: Internalized activation. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108018. [PMID: 34626676 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Classically, the fate of internalized membrane receptors includes receptor degradation and receptor recycling. However, recent findings have begun to challenge these views. Much research demonstrated that many internalized membrane receptors can trigger distinct signal activation rather than being desensitized inside the cell. Here, we introduce the concept of "internalized activation" which not only represents a new mode of receptor activation, but also endows the new fate for receptor internalization (from death to life). The new activation mode and fate of membrane receptor are ubiquitous and have unique theoretical significance. We systematically put forward the features, process, and regulation of "internalized activation" and its significance in signal transduction and diseases. "Internalized activation" will provide a completely new understanding for the theory of receptor activation, internalization and novel drug targets for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingwei Bian
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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5
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Ramirez-Virella J, Leinninger GM. The Role of Central Neurotensin in Regulating Feeding and Body Weight. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6144574. [PMID: 33599716 PMCID: PMC7951050 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The small peptide neurotensin (Nts) is implicated in myriad processes including analgesia, thermoregulation, reward, arousal, blood pressure, and modulation of feeding and body weight. Alterations in Nts have recently been described in individuals with obesity or eating disorders, suggesting that disrupted Nts signaling may contribute to body weight disturbance. Curiously, Nts mediates seemingly opposing regulation of body weight via different tissues. Peripherally acting Nts promotes fat absorption and weight gain, whereas central Nts signaling suppresses feeding and weight gain. Thus, because Nts is pleiotropic, a location-based approach must be used to understand its contributions to disordered body weight and whether the Nts system might be leveraged to improve metabolic health. Here we review the role of Nts signaling in the brain to understand the sites, receptors, and mechanisms by which Nts can promote behaviors that modify body weight. New techniques permitting site-specific modulation of Nts and Nts receptor-expressing cells suggest that, even in the brain, not all Nts circuitry exerts the same function. Intriguingly, there may be dedicated brain regions and circuits via which Nts specifically suppresses feeding behavior and weight gain vs other Nts-attributed physiology. Defining the central mechanisms by which Nts signaling modifies body weight may suggest strategies to correct disrupted energy balance, as needed to address overweight, obesity, and eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jariel Ramirez-Virella
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Gina M Leinninger
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Correspondence: Gina M. Leinninger, PhD, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 5400 ISTB, 766 Service Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Takahashi K, Ehata S, Miyauchi K, Morishita Y, Miyazawa K, Miyazono K. Neurotensin receptor 1 signaling promotes pancreatic cancer progression. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:151-166. [PMID: 33034134 PMCID: PMC7782081 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the cancers with the poorest prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 5-10%. Thus, it is urgent to identify molecular targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Using serial transplantations in a mouse pancreatic orthotopic inoculation model, we previously produced highly malignant pancreatic cancer sublines with increased tumor-forming abilities in vivo. Here, we used these sublines to screen molecular targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Among the genes with increased expression levels in the sublines, we focused on those encoding cell surface receptors that may be involved in the interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. Based on our previous RNA-sequence analysis, we found increased expression levels of neurotensin (NTS) receptor 1 (NTSR1) in highly malignant pancreatic cancer sublines. Furthermore, re-analysis of clinical databases revealed that the expression level of NTSR1 was increased in advanced pancreatic cancer and that high NTSR1 levels were correlated with a poor prognosis. Overexpression of NTSR1 in human pancreatic cancer cells Panc-1 and SUIT-2 accelerated their tumorigenic and metastatic abilities in vivo. In addition, RNA-sequence analysis showed that MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways were activated upon NTS stimulation in highly malignant cancer sublines and also revealed many new target genes for NTS in pancreatic cancer cells. NTS stimulation increased the expression of MMP-9 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, the treatment with SR48692, a selective NTSR1 antagonist, suppressed the activation of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and induction of target genes in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, while the administration of SR48692 attenuated the tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer cells in vivo. These findings suggest that NTSR1 may be a prognostic marker and a molecular target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takahashi
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuJapan
| | - Shogo Ehata
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuJapan
- Environmental Science CenterThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuJapan
| | - Kensuke Miyauchi
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuJapan
| | - Yasuyuki Morishita
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuJapan
| | - Keiji Miyazawa
- Department of BiochemistryGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of YamanashiChuoJapan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuJapan
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Li J, Li X, Song J, Yan B, Rock S, Jia J, Liu J, Wang C, Weiss T, Weiss HL, Gao T, Alam A, Evers BM. Absence of neurotensin attenuates intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation by maintaining Mmp7/α-defensin axis in diet-induced obese mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:8596-8610. [PMID: 32359121 PMCID: PMC7754978 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902374rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that high levels of plasma neurotensin (NT), a gut hormone released from enteroendocrine cells of the small bowel, contribute to obesity and comorbid conditions. Gut microbiota has been implicated in the obesity development. Paneth cells are critical in maintaining gut microbiota composition and homeostasis by releasing antimicrobial proteins including α-defensins. The purpose of our current study was to determine the possible role of NT in gut microbiota composition and α-defensin gene expression associated with obesity. Here we show that the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B ratio) and intestinal proinflammatory cytokines is significantly increased in NT+/+ mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) which were improved in NT-deficient mice. HFD disrupted the intestinal Mmp7/α-defensin axis, which was completely prevented in NT-/- mice. In addition, NT treatment inhibited DEFA5 expression and concurrent NF-κB activity, which was blocked by a pan PKC inhibitor (Gö6983) or an inhibitor for atypical PKCs (CRT0066854). More importantly, the shRNA-mediated knockdown of atypical PKCτ reversed NT-attenuated DEFA5 expression and increased NF-κB activity. NT contributes to the HFD-induced disruption of gut microbiota composition and α-defensin expression. PKCτ/λ plays a central role in NT-mediated α-defensin gene expression which might be mediated through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways in Paneth cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Baoxiang Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Stephanie Rock
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jianhang Jia
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Todd Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Heidi L. Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tianyan Gao
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ashfaqul Alam
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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8
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Tapia JC, Niechi I. Endothelin-converting enzyme-1 in cancer aggressiveness. Cancer Lett 2019; 452:152-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Endothelin-converting enzyme-1 regulates glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor signalling and resensitisation. Biochem J 2019; 476:513-533. [PMID: 30626614 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Following nutrient ingestion, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is secreted from intestinal L-cells and mediates anti-diabetic effects, most notably stimulating glucose-dependent insulin release from pancreatic β-cells but also inhibiting glucagon release, promoting satiety and weight reduction and potentially enhancing or preserving β-cell mass. These effects are mediated by the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), which is a therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes. Although agonism at the GLP-1R has been well studied, desensitisation and resensitisation are perhaps less well explored. An understanding of these events is important, particularly in the design and use of novel receptor ligands. Here, using either HEK293 cells expressing the recombinant human GLP-1R or the pancreatic β-cell line, INS-1E with endogenous expressesion of the GLP-1R, we demonstrate GLP-1R desensitisation and subsequent resensitisation following removal of extracellular GLP-1 7-36 amide. Resensitisation is dependent on receptor internalisation, endosomal acidification and receptor recycling. Resensitisation is also regulated by endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) activity, most likely through proteolysis of GLP-1 in endosomes and the facilitation of GLP-1R dephosphorylation and recycling. Inhibition of ECE-1 activity also increases GLP-1-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and generation of cAMP, suggesting processes dependent upon the lifetime of the internalised ligand-receptor complex.
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Alhosaini K, Bahattab O, Qassam H, Challiss RAJ, Willars GB. Ligand-Specific Signaling Profiles and Resensitization Mechanisms of the Neuromedin U2 Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:674-688. [PMID: 29724789 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The structurally related, but distinct neuropeptides, neuromedin U (NmU) and neuromedin S (NmS) are ligands of two G protein-coupled NmU receptors (NMU1 and NMU2). Hypothalamic NMU2 regulates feeding behavior and energy expenditure and has therapeutic potential as an anti-obesity target, making an understanding of its signaling and regulation of particular interest. NMU2 binds both NmU and NmS with high affinity, resulting in receptor-ligand co-internalization. We have investigated whether receptor trafficking events post-internalization are biased by the ligand bound and can therefore influence signaling function. Using recombinant cell lines expressing human NMU2, we demonstrate that acute Ca2+ signaling responses to NmU or NmS are indistinguishable and that restoration of responsiveness (resensitization) requires receptor internalization and endosomal acidification. The rate of NMU2 resensitization is faster following NmU compared with NmS exposure, but is similar if endothelin-converting enzyme-1 activity is inhibited or knocked down. Although acute activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is also similar, activation by NMU2 is longer lasting if NmS is the ligand. Furthermore, when cells are briefly challenged before removal of free, but not receptor-bound ligand, activation of ERK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase by NmS is more sustained. However, only NmU responses are potentiated and extended by endothelin-converting enzyme-1 inhibition. These data indicate that differential intracellular ligand processing produces different signaling and receptor resensitization profiles and add to the findings of other studies demonstrating that intracellular ligand processing can shape receptor behavior and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alhosaini
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Omar Bahattab
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Heider Qassam
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - R A John Challiss
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Gary B Willars
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Wang W, Qiao Y, Li Z. New Insights into Modes of GPCR Activation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:367-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Chen AYY, Tully T. A stress-enhanced model for discovery of disease-modifying gene: Ece1-suppresses the toxicity of α-synuclein A30P. Neurobiol Dis 2018. [PMID: 29524599 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive motor neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The complexity of disease etiology includes both genetic and environmental factors. No effective drug that can modify disease progression and protect dopamine neurons from degeneration is presently available. Human α-Synuclein A30P (A30P) is a mutant gene identified in early onset PD and showed to result selective dopamine neuron loss in transgenic A30P flies and mice. Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide and an oxidative stress generator, linked to sporadic PD. We hypothesized that vital PD modifier genes are conserved across species and would show unique transcriptional changes to oxidative stress in animals expressing a PD-associated gene, such as A30P. We also hypothesized that manipulation of PD modifier genes would provide neuroprotection across species. To identify disease modifier genes, we performed two independently-duplicated experiments of microarray, capturing genome-wide transcriptional changes in A30P flies, chronically fed with PQ-contaminated food. We hypothesized that the best time point of identifying a disease modifier gene is at time when flies showed maximal combined toxicity of A30P transgene and PQ treatment during an early stage of disease and that effective disease modifiers gene are those showing transcriptional changes to oxidative stress in A30P expressing and not in wild type animals. Fly Neprilysin3 (Nep3) is one identified gene that is highly conserved. Its mouse and human homolog is endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (Ece1). To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Ece1, we used NS1 cells and mouse midbrain neurons expressing A30P, treated with or without PQ. We found that ECE1 expression protected against A30P toxicity on cell viability, on neurite outgrowth and ameliorated A30P accumulation in vitro. Expression of ECE1 in vivo suppressed dopamine neuron loss and alleviated the corresponding motor deficits in mice with A30P-expression. Our study leverages a new approach to identify disease modifier genes using a stress-enhanced PD animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Yen-Yu Chen
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Rd, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Life Sciences 550, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr., San Diego, CA 92131, USA.
| | - Tim Tully
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Rd, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Dart Neuroscience LLC, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr., San Diego, CA 92131, USA.
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Ye Y, Long X, Zhang L, Chen J, Liu P, Li H, Wei F, Yu W, Ren X, Yu J. NTS/NTR1 co-expression enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and promotes tumor metastasis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70303-70322. [PMID: 27611941 PMCID: PMC5342554 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NTS) is a neuropeptide distributed in central nervous and digestive systems. In this study, the significant association between ectopic NTS expression and tumor invasion was confirmed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In primary HCC tissues, the NTS and neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1) co-expression (NTS+NTR1+) is a poor prognostic factor correlated with aggressive biological behaviors and poor clinical prognosis. Enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features, including decreased E-cadherin, increased β-catenin translocation and N-cadherin expression, were identified in NTS+NTR1+ HCC tissues. Varied NTS-responsible HCC cell lines were established using NTR1 genetically modified Hep3B and HepG2 cells which were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating NTS-induced EMT and tumor invasion in vitro. Results revealed that inducing exogenous NTS stimulation and enhancing NTR1 expression promoted tumor invasion rather than proliferation by accelerating EMT in HCC cells. The NTS-induced EMT was correlated with the remarkable increase in Wnt1, Wnt3, Wnt5, Axin, and p-GSK3β expression and was significantly reversed by blocking the NTS signaling via the NTR1 antagonist SR48692 or by inhibiting the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via specific inhibitors, such as TSW119 and DKK-1. SR48692 also inhibited the metastases of NTR1-overexpressing HCC xenografts in the lungs in vivo. This finding implied that NTS may be an important stimulus to promote HCC invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo, and NTS signaling enhanced the tumor EMT and invasion potentials by activating the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, NTS may be a valuable therapeutic target to prevent tumor progression in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Ye
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Long
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jieying Chen
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, P. R. China
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14
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Law IKM, Padua DM, Iliopoulos D, Pothoulakis C. Role of G protein-coupled receptors-microRNA interactions in gastrointestinal pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 313:G361-G372. [PMID: 28774868 PMCID: PMC5792214 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00144.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) make up the largest transmembrane receptor superfamily in the human genome and are expressed in nearly all gastrointestinal cell types. Coupling of GPCRs and their respective ligands activates various phosphotransferases in the cytoplasm, and, thus, activation of GPCR signaling in intestine regulates many cellular and physiological processes. Studies in microRNAs (miRNAs) demonstrate that they represent critical epigenetic regulators of different pathophysiological responses in different organs and cell types in humans and animals. Here, we reviewed recent research on GPCR-miRNA interactions related to gastrointestinal pathophysiology, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, and gastrointestinal cancers. Given that the presence of different types of cells in the gastrointestinal tract suggests the importance of cell-cell interactions in maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis, we also discuss how GPCR-miRNA interactions regulate gene expression at the cellular level and subsequently modulate gastrointestinal pathophysiology through molecular regulatory circuits and cell-cell interactions. These studies helped identify novel molecular pathways leading to the discovery of potential biomarkers for gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Ka Man Law
- 1Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - David Miguel Padua
- 1Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- 1Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and ,2Center for Systems Biomedicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and
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15
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Molecular Mechanisms Linking Autonomic Dysfunction and Impaired Cardiac Contractility in Critical Illness. Crit Care Med 2016; 44:e614-24. [PMID: 26950003 PMCID: PMC4950969 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Molecular mechanisms linking autonomic dysfunction with poorer clinical outcomes in critical illness remain unclear. We hypothesized that baroreflex dysfunction alone is sufficient to cause cardiac impairment through neurohormonal activation of (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase dependent) oxidative stress resulting in increased expression of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, a key negative regulator of cardiac function. DESIGN Laboratory/clinical investigations. SETTING University laboratory/medical centers. SUBJECTS Adult rats; wild-type/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit-2-deficient mice; elective surgical patients. INTERVENTIONS Cardiac performance was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography following experimental baroreflex dysfunction (sino-aortic denervation) in rats and mice. Immunoblots assessed G-protein-coupled receptor recycling proteins expression in rodent cardiomyocytes and patient mononuclear leukocytes. In surgical patients, heart rate recovery after cardiopulmonary exercise testing, time/frequency measures of parasympathetic variables were related to the presence/absence of baroreflex dysfunction (defined by spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity of <6 ms mm Hg). The associations of baroreflex dysfunction with intraoperative cardiac function and outcomes were assessed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Experimental baroreflex dysfunction in rats and mice resulted in impaired cardiac contractility and upregulation of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 expression. In mice, genetic deficiency of gp91 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit-2 prevented upregulation of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 expression in conditions of baroreflex dysfunction and preserved cardiac function. Baroreflex dysfunction was present in 81 of 249 patients (32.5%) and was characterized by lower parasympathetic tone and increased G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 expression in mononuclear leukocytes. Baroreflex dysfunction in patients was also associated with impaired intraoperative cardiac contractility. Critical illness and mortality were more frequent in surgical patients with baroreflex dysfunction (relative risk, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.16-2.39]; p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Reduced baroreflex sensitivity is associated with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit-2-mediated upregulation of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 expression in cardiomyocytes and impaired cardiac contractility. Autonomic dysfunction predisposes patients to the development of critical illness and increases mortality.
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16
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Law IKM, Jensen D, Bunnett NW, Pothoulakis C. Neurotensin-induced miR-133α expression regulates neurotensin receptor 1 recycling through its downstream target aftiphilin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22195. [PMID: 26902265 PMCID: PMC4763298 DOI: 10.1038/srep22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NT) triggers signaling in human colonic epithelial cells by activating the G protein-coupled receptor, the neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1). Activated NTR1 traffics from the plasma membrane to early endosomes, and then recycles. Although sustained NT/NTR1 signaling requires efficient NTR1 recycling, little is known about the regulation of NTR1 recycling. We recently showed that NT/NTR1 signaling increases expression of miR-133α. Herein, we studied the mechanism of NT-regulated miR-133α expression and examined the role of miR-133α in intracellular NTR1 trafficking in human NCM460 colonocytes. We found that NT-induced miR-133α upregulation involves the negative transcription regulator, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1. Silencing of miR-133α or overexpression of aftiphilin (AFTPH), a binding target of miR-133α, attenuated NTR1 trafficking to plasma membrane in human colonocytes, without affecting NTR1 internalization. We localized AFTPH to early endosomes and the trans-Golgi network (TGN) in unstimulated human colonic epithelial cells. AFTPH overexpression reduced NTR1 localization in early endosomes and increased expression of proteins related to endosomes and the TGN trafficking pathway. AFTPH overexpression and de-acidification of intracellular vesicles increased NTR1 expression. Our results suggest a novel mechanism of GPCR trafficking in human colonic epithelial cells by which a microRNA, miR-133α regulates NTR1 trafficking through its downstream target AFTPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Ka Man Law
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dane Jensen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology Parkville, Monash University, Australia
- Department of Anesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, Monash University, Australia
| | - Nigel W. Bunnett
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology Parkville, Monash University, Australia
- Department of Anesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, Monash University, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
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17
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Inagaki S, Ghirlando R, Vishnivetskiy SA, Homan KT, White JF, Tesmer JJG, Gurevich VV, Grisshammer R. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) and 5 (GRK5) Exhibit Selective Phosphorylation of the Neurotensin Receptor in Vitro. Biochemistry 2015; 54:4320-9. [PMID: 26120872 PMCID: PMC4512254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
G protein-coupled
receptor kinases (GRKs) play an important role
in the desensitization of G protein-mediated signaling of G protein-coupled
receptors (GPCRs). The level of interest in mapping their phosphorylation
sites has increased because recent studies suggest that the differential
pattern of receptor phosphorylation has distinct biological consequences. In vitro phosphorylation experiments using well-controlled
systems are useful for deciphering the complexity of these physiological
reactions and understanding the targeted event. Here, we report on
the phosphorylation of the class A GPCR neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1)
by GRKs under defined experimental conditions afforded by nanodisc
technology. Phosphorylation of NTSR1 by GRK2 was agonist-dependent,
whereas phosphorylation by GRK5 occurred in an activation-independent
manner. In addition, the negatively charged lipids in the immediate
vicinity of NTSR1 directly affect phosphorylation by GRKs. Identification
of phosphorylation sites in agonist-activated NTSR1 revealed that
GRK2 and GRK5 target different residues located on the intracellular
receptor elements. GRK2 phosphorylates only the C-terminal Ser residues,
whereas GRK5 phosphorylates Ser and Thr residues located in intracellular
loop 3 and the C-terminus. Interestingly, phosphorylation assays using
a series of NTSR1 mutants show that GRK2 does not require acidic residues
upstream of the phospho-acceptors for site-specific phosphorylation,
in contrast to the β2-adrenergic and μ-opioid
receptors. Differential phosphorylation of GPCRs by GRKs is thought
to encode a particular signaling outcome, and our in vitro study revealed NTSR1 differential phosphorylation by GRK2 and GRK5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Inagaki
- †Membrane Protein Structure Function Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Rodolfo Ghirlando
- ‡Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sergey A Vishnivetskiy
- §Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kristoff T Homan
- ∥Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jim F White
- †Membrane Protein Structure Function Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - John J G Tesmer
- ∥Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Vsevolod V Gurevich
- §Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Reinhard Grisshammer
- †Membrane Protein Structure Function Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
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18
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Morinelli TA, Walker LP, Velez JCQ, Ullian ME. Clathrin-dependent internalization of the angiotensin II AT₁A receptor links receptor internalization to COX-2 protein expression in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 748:143-8. [PMID: 25542758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The major effects of Angiotensin II (AngII) in vascular tissue are mediated by AngII AT1A receptor activation. Certain effects initiated by AT1A receptor activation require receptor internalization. In rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (RASMC), AngII stimulates cyclooxygenase 2 protein expression. We have previously shown this is mediated by β-arrestin-dependent receptor internalization and NF-κB activation. In this study, a specific inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), pitstop-2, was used to test the hypothesis that clathrin-dependent internalization of activated AT1A receptor mediates NF-κB activation and subsequent cyclooxygenase 2 expression. Radioligand binding assays, real time qt-PCR and immunoblotting were used to document the effects of pitstop-2 on AngII binding and signaling in RASMC. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) was used to image pitstop-2׳s effects on AT1 receptor/GFP internalization in HEK-293 cells and p65 NF-κB nuclear localization in RASMC. Pitstop-2 significantly inhibited internalization of AT1A receptor (44.7% ± 3.1% Control vs. 13.2% ± 8.3% Pitstop-2; n=3) as determined by radioligand binding studies in RASMC. Studies utilizing AT1A receptor/GFP expressed in HEK 293 cells and LSCM confirmed these findings. Pitstop-2 significantly inhibited AngII-induced p65 NF-κB phosphorylation and nuclear localization, COX-2 message and protein expression in RASMC without altering activation of p42/44 ERK or TNFα signaling. Pitstop-2, a specific inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, confirms that internalization of activated AT1A receptor mediates AngII activation of cyclooxygenase 2 expression in RASMC. These data provide support for additional intracellular signaling pathways activated through β-arrestin mediated internalization of G protein-coupled receptors, such as AT1A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Morinelli
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, United States.
| | - Linda P Walker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Q Velez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, United States; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Michael E Ullian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, United States; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
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19
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Cianfrocca R, Tocci P, Semprucci E, Spinella F, Di Castro V, Bagnato A, Rosanò L. β-Arrestin 1 is required for endothelin-1-induced NF-κB activation in ovarian cancer cells. Life Sci 2014; 118:179-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Zhou J, Yi L, Ouyang Q, Xu L, Cui H, Xu M. Neurotensin signaling regulates stem-like traits of glioblastoma stem cells through activation of IL-8/CXCR1/STAT3 pathway. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2896-902. [PMID: 25200966 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We recently found that neurotensin (NTS) and its primary receptor NTSR1 play a crucial role in glioblastoma cell proliferation and invasion. However, very little is known regarding the functional role of NTS/NTSR1 signaling in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Here, we showed that NTSR1 is highly expressed in GSCs than its non-GSC counterparts. Pharmacological blockade with SR48692 or lentivirus mediated knockdown of NTSR1 efficiently reduced the sphere-forming ability and expression of stem cell markers such as nestin and Sox2 in GSCs isolated from glioblastoma cell line and glioblastoma tissues. Conversely, treated GSCs with NTS led to increase of tumor sphere formation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that EGFR-dependent enhancement of IL-8 secretion is responsible for the effect of NTS signaling in the regulation of stem-like traits. Finally, we showed that NTSR1 or IL-8 knockdown decreased the phosphorylation of transcriptional factor STAT3 at Tyr705, which is a major transcription factor implicated in the regulation of GSC stem-like traits. Although both CXCR1 and CXCR2 inhibition reduced the tumor sphere formation, we found that CXCR1, but not CXCR2, is primarily responsible for STAT3 phosphorylation. Taken together, our findings suggest that NTS/IL-8/CXCR1/STAT3 signaling is crucial for the maintenance of stem-like traits in GSCs and provides a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Liang Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qing Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Lunshan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Minhui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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21
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Gupta A, Fujita W, Gomes I, Bobeck E, Devi LA. Endothelin-converting enzyme 2 differentially regulates opioid receptor activity. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:704-19. [PMID: 24990314 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Opioid receptor function is modulated by post-activation events such as receptor endocytosis, recycling and/or degradation. While it is generally understood that the peptide ligand gets co-endocytosed with the receptor, relatively few studies have investigated the role of the endocytosed peptide and peptide processing enzymes in regulating receptor function. In this study, we focused on endothelin-converting enzyme 2 (ECE2), a member of the neprilysin family of metallopeptidases that exhibits an acidic pH optimum, localizes to an intracellular compartment and selectively processes neuropeptides including opioid peptides in vitro, and examined its role in modulating μ receptor recycling and resensitization. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of ECE2 inhibition on hydrolysis of the endocytosed peptide was examined using thin-layer chromatography and on μ opioid receptor trafficking using either elisa or microscopy. The effect of ECE2 inhibition on receptor signalling was measured using a cAMP assay and, in vivo, on antinociception induced by intrathecally administered opioids by the tail-flick assay. KEY RESULTS The highly selective ECE2 inhibitor, S136492, significantly impaired μ receptor recycling and signalling by only those ligands that are ECE2 substrates and this was seen both in heterologous cells and in cells endogenously co-expressing μ receptors with ECE2. We also found that ECE2 inhibition attenuated antinociception mediated only by opioid peptides that are ECE2 substrates. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that ECE2, by selectively processing endogenous opioid peptides in the endocytic compartment, plays a role in modulating opioid receptor activity. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Gupta A, Gomes I, Wardman J, Devi LA. Opioid receptor function is regulated by post-endocytic peptide processing. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19613-26. [PMID: 24847082 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.537704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Most neuroendocrine peptides are generated in the secretory compartment by proteolysis of the precursors at classical cleavage sites consisting of basic residues by well studied endopeptidases belonging to the subtilisin superfamily. In contrast, a subset of bioactive peptides is generated by processing at non-classical cleavage sites that do not contain basic residues. Neither the peptidases responsible for non-classical cleavages nor the compartment involved in such processing has been well established. Members of the endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE) family are considered good candidate enzymes because they exhibit functional properties that are consistent with such a role. In this study we have explored a role for ECE2 in endocytic processing of δ opioid peptides and its effect on modulating δ opioid receptor function by using selective inhibitors of ECE2 that we had identified previously by homology modeling and virtual screening of a library of small molecules. We found that agonist treatment led to intracellular co-localization of ECE2 with δ opioid receptors. Furthermore, selective inhibitors of ECE2 and reagents that increase the pH of the acidic compartment impaired receptor recycling by protecting the endocytosed peptide from degradation. This, in turn, led to a substantial decrease in surface receptor signaling. Finally, we showed that treatment of primary neurons with the ECE2 inhibitor during recycling led to increased intracellular co-localization of the receptors and ECE2, which in turn led to decreased receptor recycling and signaling by the surface receptors. Together, these results support a role for differential modulation of opioid receptor signaling by post-endocytic processing of peptide agonists by ECE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achla Gupta
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics and
| | - Ivone Gomes
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics and
| | - Jonathan Wardman
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics and
| | - Lakshmi A Devi
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics and the Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
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23
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McKim JM. Food additive carrageenan: Part I: A critical review of carrageenanin vitrostudies, potential pitfalls, and implications for human health and safety. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44:211-43. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.861797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Hagiwara M, Kokubu E, Sugiura S, Komatsu T, Tada H, Isoda R, Tanigawa N, Kato Y, Ishida N, Kobayashi K, Nakashima M, Ishihara K, Matsushita K. Vinculin and Rab5 complex is required [correction of requited]for uptake of Staphylococcus aureus and interleukin-6 expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87373. [PMID: 24466349 PMCID: PMC3900708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinculin, a 116-kDa membrane cytoskeletal protein, is an important molecule for cell adhesion; however, little is known about its other cellular functions. Here, we demonstrated that vinculin binds to Rab5 and is required for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) uptake in cells. Viunculin directly bound to Rab5 and enhanced the activation of S. aureus uptake. Over-expression of active vinculin mutants enhanced S. aureus uptake, whereas over-expression of an inactive vinculin mutant decreased S. aureus uptake. Vinculin bound to Rab5 at the N-terminal region (1-258) of vinculin. Vinculin and Rab5 were involved in the S. aureus-induced phosphorylation of MAP kinases (p38, Erk, and JNK) and IL-6 expression. Finally, vinculin and Rab5 knockdown reduced infection of S. aureus, phosphorylation of MAPKs and IL-6 expression in murine lungs. Our results suggest that vinculin binds to Rab5 and that these two molecules cooperatively enhance bacterial infection and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hagiwara
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eitoyo Kokubu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sugiura
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshinori Komatsu
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tada
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Isoda
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naomi Tanigawa
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kato
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ishida
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Misako Nakashima
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Arresting inflammation: contributions of plasma membrane and endosomal signalling to neuropeptide-driven inflammatory disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2013; 41:137-43. [PMID: 23356273 DOI: 10.1042/bst20120343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
GPCR (G-protein-coupled receptor) signalling at the plasma membrane is under tight control. In the case of neuropeptides such as SP (substance P), plasma membrane signalling is regulated by cell-surface endopeptidases (e.g. neprilysin) that degrade extracellular neuropeptides, and receptor interaction with β-arrestins, which uncouple receptors from heterotrimeric G-proteins and mediate receptor endocytosis. By recruiting GPCRs, kinases and phosphatases to endocytosed GPCRs, β-arrestins assemble signalosomes that can mediate a second wave of signalling by internalized receptors. Endosomal peptidases, such as ECE-1 (endothelin-converting enzyme-1), can degrade SP in acidified endosomes, which destabilizes signalosomes and allows receptors, freed from β-arrestins, to recycle and resensitize. By disassembling signalosomes, ECE-1 terminates β-arrestin-mediated endosomal signalling. These mechanisms have been studied in model cell systems, and the relative importance of plasma membrane and endosomal signalling to complex pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation, pain and proliferation, is unclear. However, deletion or inhibition of metalloendopeptidases that control neuropeptide signalling at the plasma membrane and in endosomes has marked effects on inflammation. Neprilysin deletion exacerbates inflammation because of diminished degradation of pro-inflammatory SP. Conversely, inhibition of ECE-1 attenuates inflammation by preventing receptor recycling/resensitization, which is required for sustained pro-inflammatory signals from the plasma membrane. β-Arrestin deletion also affects inflammation because of the involvement of β-arrestins in pro-inflammatory signalling and migration of inflammatory cells. Knowledge of GPCR signalling in specific subcellular locations provides insights into pathophysiological processes, and can provide new opportunities for therapy. Selective targeting of β-arrestin-mediated endosomal signalling or of mechanisms of receptor recycling/resensitization may offer more effective and selective treatments than global targeting of cell-surface signalling.
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Gui X, Liu S, Yan Y, Gao Z. Neurotensin receptor 1 overexpression in inflammatory bowel diseases and colitis-associated neoplasia. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:4504-4510. [PMID: 23901225 PMCID: PMC3725374 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i28.4504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the association of neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colitis-associated neoplasia.
METHODS: NTSR1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in clinical samples of colonic mucosa with IBD colitis, colitis-associated raised low-grade dysplasia (LGD) including dysplasia-associated lesions or masses (DALMs, n = 18) and adenoma-like dysplastic polyps (ALDPs, n = 4), colitis-associated high-grade dysplasia (HGD, n = 11) and colitis-associated colorectal carcinoma (CACRC, n = 13), sporadic colorectal adenomatous polyp (SAP, n = 17), and sporadic colorectal carcinoma (SCRC, n = 12). The immunoreactivity of NTSR1 was semiquantitated (as negative, 1+, 2+, and 3+) and compared among different conditions.
RESULTS: NTSR1 was not detected in normal mucosa but was expressed similarly in both active and inactive colitis. LGD showed a significantly stronger expression as compared with non-dysplastic colitic mucosa, with significantly more cases showing > 2+ intensity (68.75% in LGD vs 32.26% in nondysplastic mucosa, P = 0.001). However, no significant difference existed between DALMs and ALDPs. CACRC and HGD showed a further stronger expression, with significantly more cases showing 3+ intensity than that in LGD (61.54% vs 12.50% for CACRC vs LGD, P = 0.022; 58.33% vs 12.50% for CACRC/HGD vs LGD, P = 0.015). No significant difference existed between colitis-associated and non-colitic sporadic neoplasia.
CONCLUSION: NTSR1 in colonic epithelial cells is overexpressed in IBD, in a stepwise fashion with sequential progress from inflammation to dysplasia and carcinoma.
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Cottrell GS. Roles of proteolysis in regulation of GPCR function. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:576-90. [PMID: 23043558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02234.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic activity of peptidases must be tightly regulated to prevent uncontrolled hydrolysis of peptide bonds, which could have devastating effects on biological systems. Peptidases are often generated as inactive propeptidases, secreted with endogenous inhibitors, or they are compartmentalized. Propeptidases become active after proteolytic removal of N-terminal activation peptides by other peptidases. Some peptidases only become active towards substrates only at certain pHs, thus confining activity to specific compartments or conditions. This review discusses the different roles proteolysis plays in regulating GPCRs. At the cell-surface, certain GPCRs are regulated by the hydrolytic inactivation of bioactive peptides by membrane-anchored peptidases, which prevent signalling. Conversely, cell-surface peptidases can also generate bioactive peptides, which directly activate GPCRs. Alternatively, cell-surface peptidases activated by GPCRs, can generate bioactive peptides to cause transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases, thereby promoting signalling. Certain peptidases can signal directly to cells, by cleaving GPCR to initiate intracellular signalling cascades. Intracellular peptidases also regulate GPCRs; lysosomal peptidases destroy GPCRs in lysosomes to permanently terminate signalling and mediate down-regulation; endosomal peptidases cleave internalized peptide agonists to regulate GPCR recycling, resensitization and signalling; and soluble intracellular peptidases also participate in GPCR function by regulating the ubiquitination state of GPCRs, thereby altering GPCR signalling and fate. Although the use of peptidase inhibitors has already brought success in the treatment of diseases such as hypertension, the discovery of new regulatory mechanisms involving proteolysis that control GPCRs may provide additional targets to modulate dysregulated GPCR signalling in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Cottrell
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
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28
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Jensen DD, Godfrey CB, Niklas C, Canals M, Kocan M, Poole DP, Murphy JE, Alemi F, Cottrell GS, Korbmacher C, Lambert NA, Bunnett NW, Corvera CU. The bile acid receptor TGR5 does not interact with β-arrestins or traffic to endosomes but transmits sustained signals from plasma membrane rafts. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22942-60. [PMID: 23818521 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.455774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
TGR5 is a G protein-coupled receptor that mediates bile acid (BA) effects on energy balance, inflammation, digestion, and sensation. The mechanisms and spatiotemporal control of TGR5 signaling are poorly understood. We investigated TGR5 signaling and trafficking in transfected HEK293 cells and colonocytes (NCM460) that endogenously express TGR5. BAs (deoxycholic acid (DCA), taurolithocholic acid) and the selective agonists oleanolic acid and 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N, 5-dimethylisoxazole-4-carboxamide stimulated cAMP formation but did not induce TGR5 endocytosis or recruitment of β-arrestins, as assessed by confocal microscopy. DCA, taurolithocholic acid, and oleanolic acid did not stimulate TGR5 association with β-arrestin 1/2 or G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) 2/5/6, as determined by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N, 5-dimethylisoxazole-4-carboxamide stimulated a low level of TGR5 interaction with β-arrestin 2 and GRK2. DCA induced cAMP formation at the plasma membrane and cytosol, as determined using exchange factor directly regulated by cAMP (Epac2)-based reporters, but cAMP signals did not desensitize. AG1478, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, the metalloprotease inhibitor batimastat, and methyl-β-cyclodextrin and filipin, which block lipid raft formation, prevented DCA stimulation of ERK1/2. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer analysis revealed TGR5 and EGFR interactions that were blocked by disruption of lipid rafts. DCA stimulated TGR5 redistribution to plasma membrane microdomains, as localized by immunogold electron microscopy. Thus, TGR5 does not interact with β-arrestins, desensitize, or traffic to endosomes. TGR5 signals from plasma membrane rafts that facilitate EGFR interaction and transactivation. An understanding of the spatiotemporal control of TGR5 signaling provides insights into the actions of BAs and therapeutic TGR5 agonists/antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane D Jensen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Devader C, Béraud-Dufour S, Coppola T, Mazella J. The anti-apoptotic role of neurotensin. Cells 2013; 2:124-35. [PMID: 24709648 PMCID: PMC3972661 DOI: 10.3390/cells2010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide, neurotensin, exerts numerous biological functions, including an efficient anti-apoptotic role, both in the central nervous system and in the periphery. This review summarizes studies that clearly evidenced the protective effect of neurotensin through its three known receptors. The pivotal involvement of the neurotensin receptor-3, also called sortilin, in the molecular mechanisms of the anti-apoptotic action of neurotensin has been analyzed in neuronal cell death, in cancer cell growth and in pancreatic beta cell protection. The relationships between the anti-apoptotic role of neurotensin and important physiological and pathological contexts are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Devader
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7275, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 660 route des Lucioles, Valbonne 06560, France.
| | - Sophie Béraud-Dufour
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7275, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 660 route des Lucioles, Valbonne 06560, France
| | - Thierry Coppola
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7275, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 660 route des Lucioles, Valbonne 06560, France.
| | - Jean Mazella
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7275, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 660 route des Lucioles, Valbonne 06560, France.
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Wu Z, Martinez-Fong D, Trédaniel J, Forgez P. Neurotensin and its high affinity receptor 1 as a potential pharmacological target in cancer therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:184. [PMID: 23335914 PMCID: PMC3547287 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a worldwide health problem. Personalized treatment represents a future advancement for cancer treatment, in part due to the development of targeted therapeutic drugs. These molecules are expected to be more effective than current treatments and less harmful to normal cells. The discovery and validation of new targets are the foundation and the source of these new therapies. The neurotensinergic system has been shown to enhance cancer progression in various cancers such as pancreatic, prostate, lung, breast, and colon cancer. It also triggers multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, such as the PKC/ERK and AKT pathways. In this review, we discuss the contribution of the neurotensinergic system to cancer progression, as well as the regulation and mechanisms of the system in order to highlight its potential as a therapeutic target, and its prospect for its use as a treatment in certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zherui Wu
- INSERM-UPMC UMR_S938, Hôpital Saint-AntoineParis, France
| | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Departamento de Fisiologïa, Biofïsica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico City, Mexico
| | - Jean Trédaniel
- INSERM-UPMC UMR_S938, Hôpital Saint-AntoineParis, France
- Unité de Cancérologie Thoracique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph/Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Patricia Forgez
- INSERM-UPMC UMR_S938, Hôpital Saint-AntoineParis, France
- *Correspondence: Patricia Forgez, INSERM-UPMC UMR_S938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Bâtiment Raoul Kourilsky, 184 rue du Faubourg St-Antoine, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France. e-mail:
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