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Feroz W, Park BS, Siripurapu M, Ntim N, Kilroy MK, Sheikh AMA, Mishra R, Garrett JT. Non-Muscle Myosin II A: Friend or Foe in Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9435. [PMID: 39273383 PMCID: PMC11395477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle myosin IIA (NM IIA) is a motor protein that belongs to the myosin II family. The myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) gene encodes the heavy chain of NM IIA. NM IIA is a hexamer and contains three pairs of peptides, which include the dimer of heavy chains, essential light chains, and regulatory light chains. NM IIA is a part of the actomyosin complex that generates mechanical force and tension to carry out essential cellular functions, including adhesion, cytokinesis, migration, and the maintenance of cell shape and polarity. These functions are regulated via light and heavy chain phosphorylation at different amino acid residues. Apart from physiological functions, NM IIA is also linked to the development of cancer and genetic and neurological disorders. MYH9 gene mutations result in the development of several autosomal dominant disorders, such as May-Hegglin anomaly (MHA) and Epstein syndrome (EPS). Multiple studies have reported NM IIA as a tumor suppressor in melanoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; however, studies also indicate that NM IIA is a critical player in promoting tumorigenesis, chemoradiotherapy resistance, and stemness. The ROCK-NM IIA pathway regulates cellular movement and shape via the control of cytoskeletal dynamics. In addition, the ROCK-NM IIA pathway is dysregulated in various solid tumors and leukemia. Currently, there are very few compounds targeting NM IIA, and most of these compounds are still being studied in preclinical models. This review provides comprehensive evidence highlighting the dual role of NM IIA in multiple cancer types and summarizes the signaling networks involved in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we also discuss the role of NM IIA as a potential therapeutic target with a focus on the ROCK-NM IIA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Feroz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Briley SoYoung Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Cancer Research Scholars Program, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Meghna Siripurapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nicole Ntim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mary Kate Kilroy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | - Rosalin Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joan T Garrett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Toh JM, Yong J, Abrams ST, Wang L, Schofield J, Lane S, La Corte AC, Wang SS, Ariëns RAS, Philippou H, Xie J, Yu W, Wang G, Toh CH. Fibrinogen binding to histones in circulation protects against adverse cellular and clinical outcomes. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:2247-2260. [PMID: 38777257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating histones are released by extensive tissue injury or cell death and play important pathogenic roles in critical illnesses. Their interaction with circulating plasma components and the potential roles in the clinical setting are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize the interaction of histones with fibrinogen and explore its roles in vitro, in vivo, and in patient samples. METHODS Histone-fibrinogen binding was assessed by electrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based affinity assay. Functional significance was explored using washed platelets and endothelial cells in vitro and histone-infusion mouse models in vivo. To determine clinical translatability, a retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted on patients requiring intensive care admission (n = 199) and validated in a cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (n = 69). RESULTS Fibrinogen binds histones through its D-domain with high affinity (calf thymus histones, KD = 18.0 ± 5.6 nM; histone 3, KD = 2.7 ± 0.8 nM; and histone 4, KD = 2.0 ± 0.7 nM) and significantly reduces histone-induced endothelial damage and platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo in a histone-infusion mouse model. Physiologic concentrations of fibrinogen can neutralize low levels of circulating histones and increase the cytotoxicity threshold of histones to 50 μg/mL. In a cohort of patients requiring intensive care, a histone:fibrinogen ratio of ≥6 on admission was associated with moderate-severe thrombocytopenia and independently predicted mortality. This finding was validated in a cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSION Fibrinogen buffers the cytotoxic properties of circulating histones. Detection and monitoring of circulating histones and histone:fibrinogen ratios will help identify critically ill patients at highest risk of adverse outcomes who might benefit from antihistone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien M Toh
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Anaesthetics and Critical Care, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jun Yong
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Roald Dahl Haemostasis & Thrombosis Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon T Abrams
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Haematology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lijun Wang
- The Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jeremy Schofield
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Roald Dahl Haemostasis & Thrombosis Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven Lane
- Department of Medical Statistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amy Cilia La Corte
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Susan S Wang
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Robert A S Ariëns
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Helen Philippou
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Jianfeng Xie
- The Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiping Yu
- The Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guozheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Haematology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Cheng-Hock Toh
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Roald Dahl Haemostasis & Thrombosis Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
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3
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Vitriol EA, Quintanilla MA, Tidei JJ, Troughton LD, Cody A, Cisterna BA, Jane ML, Oakes PW, Beach JR. Nonmuscle myosin 2 filaments are processive in cells. Biophys J 2023; 122:3678-3689. [PMID: 37218133 PMCID: PMC10541485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Directed transport of cellular components is often dependent on the processive movements of cytoskeletal motors. Myosin 2 motors predominantly engage actin filaments of opposing orientation to drive contractile events and are therefore not traditionally viewed as processive. However, recent in vitro experiments with purified nonmuscle myosin 2 (NM2) demonstrated myosin 2 filaments could move processively. Here, we establish processivity as a cellular property of NM2. Processive runs in central nervous system-derived CAD cells are most apparent on bundled actin in protrusions that terminate at the leading edge. We find that processive velocities in vivo are consistent with in vitro measurements. NM2 makes these processive runs in its filamentous form against lamellipodia retrograde flow, though anterograde movement can still occur in the absence of actin dynamics. Comparing the processivity of NM2 isoforms, we find that NM2A moves slightly faster than NM2B. Finally, we demonstrate that this is not a cell-specific property, as we observe processive-like movements of NM2 in the lamella and subnuclear stress fibers of fibroblasts. Collectively, these observations further broaden NM2 functionality and the biological processes in which the already ubiquitous motor can contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Vitriol
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
| | - Melissa A Quintanilla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Joseph J Tidei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Lee D Troughton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Abigail Cody
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Bruno A Cisterna
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Makenzie L Jane
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Patrick W Oakes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois.
| | - Jordan R Beach
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois.
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Pejchinovski I, Turkkan S, Pejchinovski M. Recent Advances of Proteomics in Management of Acute Kidney Injury. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2648. [PMID: 37627907 PMCID: PMC10453063 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is currently recognized as a life-threatening disease, leading to an exponential increase in morbidity and mortality worldwide. At present, AKI is characterized by a significant increase in serum creatinine (SCr) levels, typically followed by a sudden drop in glomerulus filtration rate (GFR). Changes in urine output are usually associated with the renal inability to excrete urea and other nitrogenous waste products, causing extracellular volume and electrolyte imbalances. Several molecular mechanisms were proposed to be affiliated with AKI development and progression, ultimately involving renal epithelium tubular cell-cycle arrest, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, the inability to recover and regenerate proximal tubules, and impaired endothelial function. Diagnosis and prognosis using state-of-the-art clinical markers are often late and provide poor outcomes at disease onset. Inappropriate clinical assessment is a strong disease contributor, actively driving progression towards end stage renal disease (ESRD). Proteins, as the main functional and structural unit of the cell, provide the opportunity to monitor the disease on a molecular level. Changes in the proteomic profiles are pivotal for the expression of molecular pathways and disease pathogenesis. Introduction of highly-sensitive and innovative technology enabled the discovery of novel biomarkers for improved risk stratification, better and more cost-effective medical care for the ill patients and advanced personalized medicine. In line with those strategies, this review provides and discusses the latest findings of proteomic-based biomarkers and their prospective clinical application for AKI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinka Pejchinovski
- Department of Quality Assurance, Nikkiso Europe GmbH, 30885 Langenhagen, Germany; (I.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Sibel Turkkan
- Department of Quality Assurance, Nikkiso Europe GmbH, 30885 Langenhagen, Germany; (I.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Martin Pejchinovski
- Department of Analytical Instruments Group, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 82110 Germering, Germany
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Lancaster T, Tabrizi MEA, Repici M, Gupta J, Gross SR. An Extracellular/Membrane-Bound S100P Pool Regulates Motility and Invasion of Human Extravillous Trophoblast Lines and Primary Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1231. [PMID: 37627296 PMCID: PMC10452538 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst S100P has been shown to be a marker for carcinogenesis, we have shown, in non-physio-pathological states, that its expression promotes trophoblast motility and invasion but the mechanisms explaining these cellular processes are unknown. Here we identify the presence of S100P in the plasma membrane/cell surface of all trophoblast cells tested, whether lines, primary extravillous (EVT) cells, or section tissue samples using either biochemical purification of plasma membrane material, cell surface protein isolation through biotinylation, or microscopy analysis. Using extracellular loss of function studies, through addition of a specific S100P antibody, our work shows that inhibiting the cell surface/membrane-bound or extracellular S100P pools significantly reduces, but importantly only in part, both cell motility and cellular invasion in different trophoblastic cell lines, as well as primary EVTs. Interestingly, this loss in cellular motility/invasion did not result in changes to the overall actin organisation and focal adhesion complexes. These findings shed new light on at least two newly characterized pathways by which S100P promotes trophoblast cellular motility and invasion. One where cellular S100P levels involve the remodelling of focal adhesions whilst another, an extracellular pathway, appears to be focal adhesion independent. Both pathways could lead to the identification of novel targets that may explain why significant numbers of confirmed human pregnancies suffer complications through poor placental implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Lancaster
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (T.L.); (M.E.A.T.); (M.R.)
| | - Maral E. A. Tabrizi
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (T.L.); (M.E.A.T.); (M.R.)
| | - Mariaelena Repici
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (T.L.); (M.E.A.T.); (M.R.)
| | - Janesh Gupta
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
- Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stephane R. Gross
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (T.L.); (M.E.A.T.); (M.R.)
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Ismail TM, Crick RG, Du M, Shivkumar U, Carnell A, Barraclough R, Wang G, Cheng Z, Yu W, Platt-Higgins A, Nixon G, Rudland PS. Targeted Destruction of S100A4 Inhibits Metastasis of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1099. [PMID: 37509135 PMCID: PMC10377353 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Most patients who die of cancer do so from its metastasis to other organs. The calcium-binding protein S100A4 can induce cell migration/invasion and metastasis in experimental animals and is overexpressed in most human metastatic cancers. Here, we report that a novel inhibitor of S100A4 can specifically block its increase in cell migration in rat (IC50, 46 µM) and human (56 µM) triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells without affecting Western-blotted levels of S100A4. The moderately-weak S100A4-inhibitory compound, US-10113 has been chemically attached to thalidomide to stimulate the proteasomal machinery of a cell. This proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) RGC specifically eliminates S100A4 in the rat (IC50, 8 nM) and human TNBC (IC50, 3.2 nM) cell lines with a near 20,000-fold increase in efficiency over US-10113 at inhibiting cell migration (IC50, 1.6 nM and 3.5 nM, respectively). Knockdown of S100A4 in human TNBC cells abolishes this effect. When PROTAC RGC is injected with mouse TNBC cells into syngeneic Balb/c mice, the incidence of experimental lung metastases or local primary tumour invasion and spontaneous lung metastasis is reduced in the 10-100 nM concentration range (Fisher's Exact test, p ≤ 0.024). In conclusion, we have established proof of principle that destructive targeting of S100A4 provides the first realistic chemotherapeutic approach to selectively inhibiting metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamir M. Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (T.M.I.); (R.B.); (A.P.-H.)
| | - Rachel G. Crick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (R.G.C.); (U.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Min Du
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunity, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (M.D.); (G.W.)
| | - Uma Shivkumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (R.G.C.); (U.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrew Carnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (R.G.C.); (U.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Roger Barraclough
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (T.M.I.); (R.B.); (A.P.-H.)
| | - Guozheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunity, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (M.D.); (G.W.)
| | - Zhenxing Cheng
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 230032, China; (Z.C.); (W.Y.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 210009, China
| | - Weiping Yu
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 230032, China; (Z.C.); (W.Y.)
| | - Angela Platt-Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (T.M.I.); (R.B.); (A.P.-H.)
| | - Gemma Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (R.G.C.); (U.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Philip S. Rudland
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (T.M.I.); (R.B.); (A.P.-H.)
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Hohmann T, Hohmann U, Dehghani F. MACC1-induced migration in tumors: Current state and perspective. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1165676. [PMID: 37051546 PMCID: PMC10084939 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1165676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors are still a global, heavy health burden. Many tumor types cannot be treated curatively, underlining the need for new treatment targets. In recent years, metastasis associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) was identified as a promising biomarker and drug target, as it is promoting tumor migration, initiation, proliferation, and others in a multitude of solid cancers. Here, we will summarize the current knowledge about MACC1-induced tumor cell migration with a special focus on the cytoskeletal and adhesive systems. In addition, a brief overview of several in vitro models used for the analysis of cell migration is given. In this context, we will point to issues with the currently most prevalent models used to study MACC1-dependent migration. Lastly, open questions about MACC1-dependent effects on tumor cell migration will be addressed.
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Abstract
Non-muscle myosin 2 (NM2) motors are the major contractile machines in most cell types. Unsurprisingly, these ubiquitously expressed actin-based motors power a plethora of subcellular, cellular and multicellular processes. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review the biochemical properties and mechanisms of regulation of this myosin. We highlight the central role of NM2 in multiple fundamental cellular processes, which include cell migration, cytokinesis, epithelial barrier function and tissue morphogenesis. In addition, we highlight recent studies using advanced imaging technologies that have revealed aspects of NM2 assembly hitherto inaccessible. This article will hopefully appeal to both cytoskeletal enthusiasts and investigators from outside the cytoskeleton field who have interests in one of the many basic cellular processes requiring actomyosin force production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Quintanilla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60525, USA
| | - John A. Hammer
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jordan R. Beach
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60525, USA
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Vitriol EA, Quintanilla MA, Tidei JJ, Troughton LD, Cody A, Cisterna BA, Jane ML, Oakes PW, Beach JR. Non-muscle myosin 2 filaments are processive in cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.24.529920. [PMID: 36865321 PMCID: PMC9980172 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.24.529920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Directed transport of cellular components is often dependent on the processive movements of cytoskeletal motors. Myosin 2 motors predominantly engage actin filaments of opposing orientation to drive contractile events, and are therefore not traditionally viewed as processive. However, recent in vitro experiments with purified non-muscle myosin 2 (NM2) demonstrated myosin 2 filaments could move processively. Here, we establish processivity as a cellular property of NM2. Processive runs in central nervous system-derived CAD cells are most apparent as processive movements on bundled actin in protrusions that terminate at the leading edge. We find that processive velocities in vivo are consistent with in vitro measurements. NM2 makes these processive runs in its filamentous form against lamellipodia retrograde flow, though anterograde movement can still occur in the absence of actin dynamics. Comparing the processivity of NM2 isoforms, we find that NM2A moves slightly faster than NM2B. Finally, we demonstrate that this is not a cell-specific property, as we observe processive-like movements of NM2 in the lamella and subnuclear stress fibers of fibroblasts. Collectively, these observations further broaden NM2 functionality and the biological processes in which the already ubiquitous motor can contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Vitriol
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Melissa A Quintanilla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Joseph J Tidei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Lee D Troughton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Abigail Cody
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Bruno A Cisterna
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Makenzie L Jane
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Patrick W Oakes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Jordan R Beach
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
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The Importance of Pore-Forming Toxins in Multiple Organ Injury and Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123256. [PMID: 36552012 PMCID: PMC9776026 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple organ injury and dysfunction often occurs in acute critical illness and adversely affects survival. However, in patients who survive, organ function usually recovers without permanent damage. It is, therefore, likely that there are reversible mechanisms, but this is poorly understood in the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). AIMS Based on our knowledge of extracellular histones and pneumolysin, as endogenous and exogenous pore-forming toxins, respectively, here we clarify if the extent of cell membrane disruption and recovery is important in MODS. METHODS This is a combination of retrospective clinical studies of a cohort of 98 patients from an intensive care unit (ICU) in a tertiary hospital, with interventional animal models and laboratory investigation. RESULTS In patients without septic shock and/or disseminate intravascular coagulation (DIC), circulating histones also strongly correlated with sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores, suggesting their pore-forming property might play an important role. In vivo, histones or pneumolysin infusion similarly caused significant elevation of cell damage markers and multiple organ injury. In trauma and sepsis models, circulating histones strongly correlated with these markers, and anti-histone reagents significantly reduced their release. Comparison of pneumolysin deletion and its parental strain-induced sepsis mouse model showed that pneumolysin was not essential for sepsis development, but enhanced multiple organ damage and reduced survival time. In vitro, histones and pneumolysin treatment disrupt cell membrane integrity, resulting in changes in whole-cell currents and elevated intracellular Ca2+ to lead to Ca2+ overload. Cell-specific damage markers, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), were released from damaged cells. Once toxins were removed, cell membrane damage could be rapidly repaired and cellular function recovered. CONCLUSION This work has confirmed the importance of pore-forming toxins in the development of MODS and proposed a potential mechanism to explain the reversibility of MODS. This may form the foundation for the development of effective therapies.
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Inciarte-Mundo J, Frade-Sosa B, Sanmartí R. From bench to bedside: Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9) as a biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1001025. [PMID: 36405711 PMCID: PMC9672845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A9/S100A8 (calprotectin), a member of the S100 protein family, has been shown to play a pivotal role in innate immunity activation. Calprotectin plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as it triggers chemotaxis, phagocyte migration and modulation of neutrophils and macrophages. Higher calprotectin levels have been found in synovial fluid, plasma, and serum from RA patients. Recent studies have demonstrated better correlations between serum or plasma calprotectin and composite inflammatory disease activity indexes than c-reactive protein (CRP) or the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Calprotectin serum levels decreased after treatment, independently of the DMARD type or strategy. Calprotectin has shown the strongest correlations with other sensitive techniques to detect inflammation, such as ultrasound. Calprotectin independently predicts radiographic progression. However, its value as a biomarker of treatment response and flare after tapering is unclear. This update reviews the current understanding of calprotectin in RA and discusses possible applications as a biomarker in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Inciarte-Mundo
- Biological aggression and Response Mechanisms, Inflammatory joint diseases (IJDs), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Frade-Sosa
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Sanmartí
- Biological aggression and Response Mechanisms, Inflammatory joint diseases (IJDs), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,*Correspondence: Raimon Sanmartí,
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HBXIP blocks myosin-IIA assembly by phosphorylating and interacting with NMHC-IIA in breast cancer metastasis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1053-1070. [PMID: 36970214 PMCID: PMC10031283 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis depends on the dynamic balance of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. As a key component of actomyosin filaments, non-muscle myosin-IIA disassembly contributes to tumor cell spreading and migration. However, its regulatory mechanism in tumor migration and invasion is poorly understood. Here, we found that oncoprotein hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) blocked the myosin-IIA assemble state promoting breast cancer cell migration. Mechanistically, mass spectrometry analysis, co-immunoprecipitation assay and GST-pull down assay proved that HBXIP directly interacted with the assembly-competent domain (ACD) of non-muscle heavy chain myosin-IIA (NMHC-IIA). The interaction was enhanced by NMHC-IIA S1916 phosphorylation via HBXIP-recruited protein kinase PKCβII. Moreover, HBXIP induced the transcription of PRKCB, encoding PKCβII, by coactivating Sp1, and triggered PKCβII kinase activity. Interestingly, RNA sequencing and mouse metastasis model indicated that the anti-hyperlipidemic drug bezafibrate (BZF) suppressed breast cancer metastasis via inhibiting PKCβII-mediated NMHC-IIA phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. We reveal a novel mechanism by which HBXIP promotes myosin-IIA disassembly via interacting and phosphorylating NMHC-IIA, and BZF can serve as an effective anti-metastatic drug in breast cancer.
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Zhou H, Pan Y, Yang W, Zhao C, Sun X, Hong B, Jin X, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Liu N, Zhang S, Zhu H. S100P promotes trophoblast syncytialization during early placenta development by regulating YAP1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:860261. [PMID: 36187124 PMCID: PMC9515983 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.860261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a severe complication of pregnancy that is caused by genetic abnormalities, immune dysfunction, aberrant cell biology, and tissue structure destruction. Among which, placental dysfunction is crucial in the pathogenetic progression of RPL. Although some regulatory factors associated with RPL have been reported, the placental changes correlated with RPL still need to be elucidated. Here, we found that a portion of RPL patients presented with low serum and placental S100P expression. Using a human trophoblast stem cell model, we demonstrated that S100P was exclusively expressed in syncytiotrophoblast (ST)-like syncytia (ST(2D)-TSCT) and that loss of S100P expression in ST(2D)-TSCT cells impaired β-hCG secretion, leading to syncytialization failure during early placental development. Moreover, we found that S100P is involved in regulating trophoblast syncytialization by downregulating the protein level of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), which plays a pivotal role in maintaining trophoblast stemness. Together, our findings suggest that S100P plays an essential role in regulating trophoblast syncytialization during early placental development in humans via YAP1. Additionally, lower serum S100P levels may predict poor pregnancy outcomes and represent a potentially useful marker for evaluating placental biological function during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjing Zhou
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Pan
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Yang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenqiong Zhao
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohe Sun
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Hong
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Jin
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tai Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinli Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Liu
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songying Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Zhu, ; Songying Zhang,
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Zhu, ; Songying Zhang,
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Dynamics of the Actin Cytoskeleton at Adhesion Complexes. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010052. [PMID: 35053050 PMCID: PMC8773209 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The shape of cells is altered to allow cells to adapt to their changing environments, including responding to internally generated and externally applied force. Force is sensed by cell surface adhesion proteins that are enriched in sites where cells bind to the extracellular matrix (focal adhesions) and neighboring cells (cell-cell or adherens junctions). Receptors at these adhesion sites stimulate intracellular signal transduction cascades that culminate in dramatic changes in the actin cytoskeleton. New actin filaments form, and/or new and existing filaments can be cleaved, branched, or bundled. Here, we discuss the actin cytoskeleton and its functions. We will examine the current understanding for how the actin cytoskeleton is tethered to adhesion sites. Finally, we will highlight recent studies describing how the actin cytoskeleton at these adhesion sites is remodeled in response to force.
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15
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Ismail TM, Gross SR, Lancaster T, Rudland PS, Barraclough R. The Role of the C-Terminal Lysine of S100P in S100P-Induced Cell Migration and Metastasis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101471. [PMID: 34680103 PMCID: PMC8533620 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
S100P protein is a potent inducer of metastasis in a model system, and its presence in cancer cells of patients is strongly associated with their reduced survival times. A well-established Furth Wistar rat metastasis model system, methods for measuring cell migration, and specific inhibitors were used to study pathways of motility-driven metastasis. Cells expressing C-terminal mutant S100P proteins display markedly-reduced S100P-driven metastasis in vivo and cell migration in vitro. These cells fail to display the low focal adhesion numbers observed in cells expressing wild-type S100P, and the mutant S100P proteins exhibit reduced biochemical interaction with non-muscle myosin heavy chain isoform IIA in vitro. Extracellular inhibitors of the S100P-dependent plasminogen activation pathway reduce, but only in part, wild-type S100P-dependent cell migration; they are without effect on S100P-negative cells or cells expressing C-terminal mutant S100P proteins and have no effect on the numbers of focal adhesions. Recombinant wild-type S100P protein, added extracellularly to S100P-negative cells, stimulates cell migration, which is abolished by these inhibitors. The results identify at least two S100P-dependent pathways of migration, one cell surface and the other intracellularly-linked, and identify its C-terminal lysine as a target for inhibiting multiple migration-promoting activities of S100P protein and S100P-driven metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamir M. Ismail
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (T.M.I.); (P.S.R.)
| | - Stephane R. Gross
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK;
- Correspondence: (S.R.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Tara Lancaster
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK;
| | - Philip S. Rudland
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (T.M.I.); (P.S.R.)
| | - Roger Barraclough
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (T.M.I.); (P.S.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.G.); (R.B.)
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16
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Halder D, Mallick D, Chatterjee A, Jana SS. Nonmuscle Myosin II in cancer cell migration and mechanotransduction. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 139:106058. [PMID: 34400319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a key step of cancer metastasis, immune-cell navigation, homing of stem cells and development. What adds complexity to it is the heterogeneity of the tissue environment that gives rise to a vast diversity of migratory mechanisms utilized by cells. A majority of cell motility mechanisms reported elsewhere largely converge in depicting the importance of the activity and complexity of actomyosin networks in the cell. In this review, we highlight the less discussed functional diversity of these actomyosin complexes and describe in detail how the major cellular actin-binding molecular motor proteins, nonmuscle myosin IIs are regulated and how they participate and mechanically reciprocate to changes in the microenvironment during cancer cell migration and tumor progression. Understanding the role of nonmuscle myosin IIs in the cancer cell is important for designing efficient therapeutic strategies to prevent cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdatta Halder
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel(2)
| | - Ditipriya Mallick
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Ananya Chatterjee
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Siddhartha S Jana
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.
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17
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Liu BX, Tang CT, Dai XJ, Zeng L, Cheng F, Chen Y, Zeng C. Prognostic Value of S100P Expression in Patients With Digestive System Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:593728. [PMID: 33747914 PMCID: PMC7973272 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.593728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Digestive system cancers (DSCs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. S100P has been reported as a prognostic biomarker in DSCs, but its prognostic value remains controversial. Accordingly, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate whether S100P is correlated with overall survival (OS) of patients with DSCs. The relationship between S100P and clinicopathological features was also evaluated. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for eligible studies up to January 2020. In total, 16 publications with 1,925 patients were included. Results S100P overexpression was associated with poor OS of patient with DSCs (HR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.14–2.08, P=0.005). When stratified by anatomic structure, S100P overexpression was associated with poor prognosis in non-gastrointestinal tract cancers (HR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.44–2.72, P<0.001) but not in gastrointestinal tract cancers (HR=1.09, 95% CI: 0.66–1.81, P=0.727). When stratified by tumor type, S100P overexpression predicted poor OS in cholangiocarcinoma (HR=2.14, 95% CI: 1.30–3.50, P=0.003) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HR=1.91, 95% CI: 1.22–2.99, P =0.005) but not in gastric cancer (HR=0.97, 95% CI: 0.65–1.45, P=0.872), colorectal cancer (HR=1.18, 95% CI: 0.32–4.41, P=0.807), gallbladder cancer (HR=1.40, 95% CI: 0.84-2.34, P=0.198), and pancreatic cancer (HR=1.92, 95% CI: 0.99–3.72, P=0.053). Furthermore, high S100P expression was significantly associated with distant metastasis (OR=3.58, P=0.044), advanced clinical stage (OR=2.03, P=0.041) and recurrence (OR=1.66, P=0.007). Conclusion S100P might act as a prognostic indicator of non-gastrointestinal tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Xia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chao-Tao Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xi-Jian Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Youxiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunyan Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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18
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Myosin Motors: Novel Regulators and Therapeutic Targets in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040741. [PMID: 33670106 PMCID: PMC7916823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a deadly disease that may go undiagnosed until it presents at an advanced metastatic stage for which few interventions are available. The development and metastatic spread of CRC is driven by remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in cancer cells. Myosins represent a large family of actin motor proteins that play key roles in regulating actin cytoskeleton architecture and dynamics. Different myosins can move and cross-link actin filaments, attach them to the membrane organelles and translocate vesicles along the actin filaments. These diverse activities determine the key roles of myosins in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and motility. Either mutations or the altered expression of different myosins have been well-documented in CRC; however, the roles of these actin motors in colon cancer development remain poorly understood. The present review aims at summarizing the evidence that implicate myosin motors in regulating CRC growth and metastasis and discusses the mechanisms underlying the oncogenic and tumor-suppressing activities of myosins. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common cause of cancer and the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Clinicians are largely faced with advanced and metastatic disease for which few interventions are available. One poorly understood aspect of CRC involves altered organization of the actin cytoskeleton, especially at the metastatic stage of the disease. Myosin motors are crucial regulators of actin cytoskeletal architecture and remodeling. They act as mechanosensors of the tumor environments and control key cellular processes linked to oncogenesis, including cell division, extracellular matrix adhesion and tissue invasion. Different myosins play either oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles in breast, lung and prostate cancer; however, little is known about their functions in CRC. This review focuses on the functional roles of myosins in colon cancer development. We discuss the most studied class of myosins, class II (conventional) myosins, as well as several classes (I, V, VI, X and XVIII) of unconventional myosins that have been linked to CRC development. Altered expression and mutations of these motors in clinical tumor samples and their roles in CRC growth and metastasis are described. We also evaluate the potential of using small molecular modulators of myosin activity to develop novel anticancer therapies.
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19
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Cong Y, Cui Y, Wang S, Jiang L, Cao J, Zhu S, Birkin E, Lane J, Ruge F, Jiang WG, Qiao G. Calcium-Binding Protein S100P Promotes Tumor Progression but Enhances Chemosensitivity in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:566302. [PMID: 33042844 PMCID: PMC7522638 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.566302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoresistance remains one of the obstacles to overcome in the treatment of breast cancer. S100 calcium-binding protein P (S100P) has been observed to be overexpressed in several cancers and has been associated with drug resistance, metastasis, and prognosis. However, the role of S100P in chemoresistance in breast cancer has not been thoroughly determined. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression level of S100P protein in 22 pairs (pre-chemo and post-chemo) of breast cancer tissue from patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The influence of S100P on the biological behavior and chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells was then investigated. RESULTS The protein level of S100P in breast cancer tissue was significantly higher than in benign fibroadenoma (p < 0.001). The S100P expression level was shown to be decreased by 46.55% after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.015). Subgroup analysis revealed that S100P reduction (57.58%) was mainly observed in the HER2+ tumors (p = 0.027). Our in vitro experiments showed that the knockdown of S100P suppressed the proliferation, adhesion, migrative and invasive abilities of T47D and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. We further demonstrated that this knockdown increased the chemoresistance to paclitaxel and cisplatin in SK-BR-3 cells. We found S100P exerted its function by upregulating NF-κB, CCND1 and Vimentin, but downregulating E-cadherin. CONCLUSION S100P promotes the aggressive properties of breast cancer cells and may be considered as a promising therapeutic target. Moreover, S100P can be used to predict the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy in HER2+ breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizi Cong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yuxin Cui
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Suxia Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jianqiao Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Shiguang Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Emily Birkin
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Lane
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Ruge
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Wen G. Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Guangdong Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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20
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Lu C, Zhao H, Luo C, Lei T, Zhang M. Knockdown of ferritin heavy chain (FTH) inhibits the migration of prostate cancer through reducing S100A4, S100A2, and S100P expression. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:5418-5429. [PMID: 35117907 PMCID: PMC8797967 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-19-2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferritin plays a key role in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). Our earlier studies showed that the knockdown of ferritin heavy chain (FTH) suppressed the migration and invasion of the prostate cancer cell line (PC3). However, the mechanisms behind FTH in the cell migration regulation of PCa have not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics was used to analyze the protein expression in PC3 cells with FTH knockdown by small interfering RNAs and negative control cells. We subsequently ranked the differentially expressed proteins according to the change in expression. We further performed Gene Ontology (GO) analysis for the changing-expression protein. Finally, Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of the target protein. RESULTS Compared with the negative group, 420 proteins were downregulated, including proteins S100A4, S100P, and S100A2, while the expression of 442 protein was elevated in FTH-silencing PC3 cells (P<0.05, fold change >1.2). The mass spectrometry results showing decreased expression of protein S100A4, S100P, and S100A2 in the cells were further validated by Western blot (P<0.05). Levels of protein S100A4, S100A2, and S100P were reduced in FTH-silencing PC3 cells (P<0.05, fold change >1.6). CONCLUSIONS The downregulation of FTH expression reduced the level of protein S100A4, S100A2, and S100P, which all play a key role in the migration and invasion of tumor cells. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that there are correlations between the expression of the S100A4, S100A2, and S100P genes with FTH. Based on this research, FTH may be a new biomarker for the diagnosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixiu Lu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenshuo Luo
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
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21
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The Expressions and Mechanisms of Sarcomeric Proteins in Cancers. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8885286. [PMID: 32670437 PMCID: PMC7346232 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8885286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The sarcomeric proteins control the movement of cells in diverse species, whereas the deregulation can induce tumours in model organisms and occurs in human carcinomas. Sarcomeric proteins are recognized as oncogene and related to tumor cell metastasis. Recent insights into their expressions and functions have led to new cancer therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we appraise the evidence for the sarcomeric proteins as cancer genes and discuss cancer-relevant biological functions, potential mechanisms by which sarcomeric proteins activity is altered in cancer.
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22
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Non-Muscle Myosin 2A (NM2A): Structure, Regulation and Function. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071590. [PMID: 32630196 PMCID: PMC7408548 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle myosin 2A (NM2A) is a motor cytoskeletal enzyme with crucial importance from the early stages of development until adulthood. Due to its capacity to convert chemical energy into force, NM2A powers the contraction of the actomyosin cytoskeleton, required for proper cell division, adhesion and migration, among other cellular functions. Although NM2A has been extensively studied, new findings revealed that a lot remains to be discovered concerning its spatiotemporal regulation in the intracellular environment. In recent years, new functions were attributed to NM2A and its activity was associated to a plethora of illnesses, including neurological disorders and infectious diseases. Here, we provide a concise overview on the current knowledge regarding the structure, the function and the regulation of NM2A. In addition, we recapitulate NM2A-associated diseases and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target.
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23
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Du M, Wang G, Barsukov IL, Gross SR, Smith R, Rudland PS. Direct interaction of metastasis-inducing S100P protein with tubulin causes enhanced cell migration without changes in cell adhesion. Biochem J 2020; 477:1159-1178. [PMID: 32065231 PMCID: PMC7108782 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of S100P promotes breast cancer metastasis in animals and elevated levels in primary breast cancers are associated with poor patient outcomes. S100P can differentially interact with nonmuscle myosin (NM) isoforms (IIA > IIC > IIB) leading to the redistribution of actomyosin filaments to enhance cell migration. Using COS-7 cells which do not naturally express NMIIA, S100P is now shown to interact directly with α,β-tubulin in vitro and in vivo with an equilibrium Kd of 2-3 × 10-7 M. The overexpressed S100P is located mainly in nuclei and microtubule organising centres (MTOC) and it significantly reduces their number, slows down tubulin polymerisation and enhances cell migration in S100P-induced COS-7 or HeLa cells. It fails, however, to significantly reduce cell adhesion, in contrast with NMIIA-containing S100P-inducible HeLa cells. When taxol is used to stabilise MTs or colchicine to dissociate MTs, S100P's stimulation of migration is abolished. Affinity-chromatography of tryptic digests of α and β-tubulin on S100P-bound beads identifies multiple S100P-binding sites consistent with S100P binding to all four half molecules in gel-overlay assays. When screened by NMR and ITC for interacting with S100P, four chemically synthesised peptides show interactions with low micromolar dissociation constants. The two highest affinity peptides significantly inhibit binding of S100P to α,β-tubulin and, when tagged for cellular entry, also inhibit S100P-induced reduction in tubulin polymerisation and S100P-enhancement of COS-7 or HeLa cell migration. A third peptide incapable of interacting with S100P also fails in this respect. Thus S100P can interact directly with two different cytoskeletal filaments to independently enhance cell migration, the most important step in the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Du
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Guozheng Wang
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Igor L. Barsukov
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Stephane R. Gross
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K
| | - Richard Smith
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Philip S. Rudland
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
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24
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S100 proteins in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 502:293-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Xue B, Hou G, Zhang G, Huang J, Li L, Nan Y, Mu Y, Wang L, Zhang L, Han X, Ren X, Zhao Q, Wu C, Wang J, Zhou EM. MYH9 Aggregation Induced by Direct Interaction With PRRSV GP5 Ectodomain Facilitates Viral Internalization by Permissive Cells. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2313. [PMID: 31649651 PMCID: PMC6794372 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention and control of infection by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains a challenge, due to our limited understanding of the PRRSV invasion mechanism. Our previous study has shown that PRRSV glycoprotein GP5 interacts with MYH9 C-terminal domain protein (PRA). Here we defined that the first ectodomain of GP5 (GP5-ecto-1) directly interacted with PRA and this interaction triggered PRA and endogenous MYH9 to form filament assembly. More importantly, MYH9 filament assembly was also formed in GP5-ecto-1-transfected MARC-145 cells. Notably, PRRSV infection of MARC-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages also induced endogenous MYH9 aggregation and polymerization that were required for subsequent PRRSV internalization. Moreover, overexpression of S100A4, a MYH9-specific disassembly inducer, in MARC-145 cells significantly resulted in diminished MYH9 aggregation and marked inhibition of subsequent virion internalization and infection by both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 isolates. The collective results of this work reveal a novel molecular mechanism employed by MYH9 that helps PRRSV gain entry into permissive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Gaopeng Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Guixi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuchen Nan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yang Mu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Ximeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jingfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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26
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Nakayama H, Ohuchida K, Yonenaga A, Sagara A, Ando Y, Kibe S, Takesue S, Abe T, Endo S, Koikawa K, Okumura T, Shido K, Miyoshi K, Nakata K, Moriyama T, Miyasaka Y, Inoue S, Ohtsuka T, Mizumoto K, Nakamura M. S100P regulates the collective invasion of pancreatic cancer cells into the lymphatic endothelial monolayer. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:211-222. [PMID: 31180531 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is an independent prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer. However, the mechanisms of lymph node colonization are unknown. As a mechanism of lymphatic metastasis, it has been reported for other types of cancer that spheroids from tumor cells cause circular chemorepellent‑induced defects (CCIDs) in lymphatic endothelial monolayers. In pancreatic cancer, such mechanisms of metastasis have not been elucidated. The present study evaluated the involvement of this new mechanism of metastasis in pancreatic cancer and investigated the associated factors. In human pancreatic cancer tissue, it was observed that clusters of cancer cells penetrated the wall of lymphatic ducts around the primary tumor. An in vitro co‑culture system was then used to analyze the mechanisms of tumor cell‑mediated disruption of lymphatic vessels. Time‑lapse microscopic imaging revealed that spheroids from pancreatic cancer cells caused circular defects in lymphatic endothelial monolayers. CCID formation ability differed depending on the cell line. Neither aggregation of spheroids nor adhesion to lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) exhibited a significant correlation with this phenomenon. The addition of supernatant from cultured cancer cells enhanced CCID formation. Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of S100 calcium binding protein P (S100P) was significantly increased when LECs were treated with supernatant from cultured cancer cells. Addition of a S100P antagonist significantly suppressed the migration of LECs and CCID formation. The present findings demonstrated that spheroids from pancreatic cancer cells caused circular defects in lymphatic endothelial monolayers. These CCIDs in pancreatic cancer were partly regulated by S100P, suggesting that S100P may be a promising target to inhibit lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Nakayama
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Yonenaga
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Sagara
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yohei Ando
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shin Kibe
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shin Takesue
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiya Abe
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sho Endo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Koikawa
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Okumura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Shido
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kei Miyoshi
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakata
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Taiki Moriyama
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyasaka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Inoue
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takao Ohtsuka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mizumoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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27
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NMIIA promotes tumor growth and metastasis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and EMT in pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2019; 38:5500-5515. [PMID: 30967633 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) protein plays an important role in cell cytokinesis and cell migration. The role and underlying regulatory mechanisms of NMIIA in pancreatic cancer (PC) remain elusive. We found that NMIIA is highly expressed in PC tissues and contributes to PC poor progression by using open microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and PC tissue arrays. NMIIA regulates β-catenin mediated EMT to promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, and sphere formation of PC cells in vitro and in vivo. NMIIA controls the β-catenin transcriptional activity by interacting with β-catenin. Moreover, MEK/ERK signaling is critical in MLC2 (Ser19) phosphorylation, which can mediate NMIIA activity and regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These findings highlight the significance of NMIIA in tumor regression and implicate NMIIA as a promising candidate for PC treatment.
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28
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LncRNA NORAD is repressed by the YAP pathway and suppresses lung and breast cancer metastasis by sequestering S100P. Oncogene 2019; 38:5612-5626. [PMID: 30967631 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for most cancer mortality, but its molecular mechanism has not been completely understood. In addition to coding genes and miRNAs, the contribution of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to tumor metastatic dissemination and the mechanisms controlling their expression are areas of intensive investigation. Here, we show that lncRNA NORAD is downregulated in lung and breast cancers, and that NORAD low expression in these cancer types is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. NORAD is transcriptionally repressed by the Hippo pathway transducer YAP/TAZ-TEAD complex in conjunction with the action of NuRD complex. Functionally, NORAD elicits potent inhibitory effects on migration and invasion of multiple lung and breast cancer cell lines, and repression of NORAD expression participates in the migration- and invasion-stimulatory effects of the YAP pathway. Mechanistically, NORAD exploits its multiple repeated sequences to function as a multivalent platform for binding and sequestering S100P, thereby suppressing S100P-elicited pro-metastatic signaling network. Using cell and mouse models, we show that the S100P decoy function of NORAD suppresses lung and breast cancer migration, invasion, and metastasis. Together, our study identifies NORAD as a novel metastasis suppressor, elucidates its regulatory and functional mechanisms, and highlights its prognostic value.
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29
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Shutova MS, Svitkina TM. Common and Specific Functions of Nonmuscle Myosin II Paralogs in Cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 83:1459-1468. [PMID: 30878021 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918120040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Various forms of cell motility critically depend on pushing, pulling, and resistance forces generated by the actin cytoskeleton. Whereas pushing forces largely depend on actin polymerization, pulling forces responsible for cell contractility and resistance forces maintaining the cell shape require interaction of actin filaments with the multivalent molecular motor myosin II. In contrast to muscle-specific myosin II paralogs, nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) functions in virtually all mammalian cells, where it executes numerous mechanical tasks. NMII is expressed in mammalian cells as a tissue-specific combination of three paralogs, NMIIA, NMIIB, and NMIIC. Despite overall similarity, these paralogs differ in their molecular properties, which allow them to play both unique and common roles. Importantly, the three paralogs can also cooperate with each other by mixing and matching their unique capabilities. Through specialization and cooperation, NMII paralogs together execute a great variety of tasks in many different cell types. Here, we focus on mammalian NMII paralogs and review novel aspects of their kinetics, regulation, and functions in cells from the perspective of how distinct features of the three myosin II paralogs adapt them to perform specialized and joint tasks in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Shutova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - T M Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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30
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Ecsédi P, Billington N, Pálfy G, Gógl G, Kiss B, Bulyáki É, Bodor A, Sellers JR, Nyitray L. Multiple S100 protein isoforms and C-terminal phosphorylation contribute to the paralog-selective regulation of nonmuscle myosin 2 filaments. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14850-14867. [PMID: 30087119 PMCID: PMC6153290 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin 2 (NM2) has three paralogs in mammals, NM2A, NM2B, and NM2C, which have both unique and overlapping functions in cell migration, formation of cell-cell adhesions, and cell polarity. Their assembly into homo- and heterotypic bipolar filaments in living cells is primarily regulated by phosphorylation of the N-terminally bound regulatory light chain. Here, we present evidence that the equilibrium between these filaments and single NM2A and NM2B molecules can be controlled via S100 calcium-binding protein interactions and phosphorylation at the C-terminal end of the heavy chains. Furthermore, we show that in addition to S100A4, other members of the S100 family can also mediate disassembly of homotypic NM2A filaments. Importantly, these proteins can selectively remove NM2A molecules from heterotypic filaments. We also found that tail phosphorylation (at Ser-1956 and Ser-1975) of NM2B by casein kinase 2, as well as phosphomimetic substitutions at sites targeted by protein kinase C (PKC) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7), down-regulates filament assembly in an additive fashion. Tail phosphorylation of NM2A had a comparatively minor effect on filament stability. S100 binding and tail phosphorylation therefore preferentially disassemble NM2A and NM2B, respectively. These two distinct mechanisms are likely to contribute to the temporal and spatial sorting of the two NM2 paralogs within heterotypic filaments. The existence of multiple NM2A-depolymerizing S100 paralogs offers the potential for diverse regulatory inputs modulating NM2A filament disassembly in cells and provides functional redundancy under both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Billington
- the Laboratory of Physiology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Gyula Pálfy
- the Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, and
| | | | | | - Éva Bulyáki
- From the Department of Biochemistry
- the ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary and
| | - Andrea Bodor
- the Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, and
| | - James R Sellers
- the Laboratory of Physiology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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31
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S100P enhances the motility and invasion of human trophoblast cell lines. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11488. [PMID: 30065265 PMCID: PMC6068119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
S100P has been shown to be a marker for carcinogenesis where its expression in solid tumours correlates with metastasis and a poor patient prognosis. This protein's role in any physiological process is, however, unknown. Here we first show that S100P is expressed both in trophoblasts in vivo as well as in some corresponding cell lines in culture. We demonstrate that S100P is predominantly expressed during the early stage of placental formation with its highest expression levels occurring during the first trimester of gestation, particularly in the invading columns and anchoring villi. Using gain or loss of function studies through overexpression or knockdown of S100P expression respectively, our work shows that S100P stimulates both cell motility and cellular invasion in different trophoblastic and first trimester EVT cell lines. Interestingly, cell invasion was seen to be more dramatically affected than cell migration. Our results suggest that S100P may be acting as an important regulator of trophoblast invasion during placentation. This finding sheds new light on a hitherto uncharacterized molecular mechanism which may, in turn, lead to the identification of novel targets that may explain why significant numbers of confirmed human pregnancies suffer complications through poor placental implantation.
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32
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Shutova MS, Svitkina TM. Mammalian nonmuscle myosin II comes in three flavors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:394-402. [PMID: 29550471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin II is an actin-based motor that executes numerous mechanical tasks in cells including spatiotemporal organization of the actin cytoskeleton, adhesion, migration, cytokinesis, tissue remodeling, and membrane trafficking. Nonmuscle myosin II is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells as a tissue-specific combination of three paralogs. Recent studies reveal novel specific aspects of their kinetics, intracellular regulation and functions. On the other hand, the three paralogs also can copolymerize and cooperate in cells. Here we review the recent advances from the prospective of how distinct features of the three myosin II paralogs adapt them to perform specialized and joint tasks in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Shutova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tatyana M Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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33
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Bekeschus S, Lackmann JW, Gümbel D, Napp M, Schmidt A, Wende K. A Neutrophil Proteomic Signature in Surgical Trauma Wounds. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29518953 PMCID: PMC5877622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-healing wounds continue to be a clinical challenge for patients and medical staff. These wounds have a heterogeneous etiology, including diabetes and surgical trauma wounds. It is therefore important to decipher molecular signatures that reflect the macroscopic process of wound healing. To this end, we collected wound sponge dressings routinely used in vacuum assisted therapy after surgical trauma to generate wound-derived protein profiles via global mass spectrometry. We confidently identified 311 proteins in exudates. Among them were expected targets belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, complement, and skin-derived proteins, such as keratins. Next to several S100 proteins, chaperones, heat shock proteins, and immune modulators, the exudates presented a number of redox proteins as well as a discrete neutrophil proteomic signature, including for example cathepsin G, elastase, myeloperoxidase, CD66c, and lipocalin 2. We mapped over 200 post-translational modifications (PTMs; cysteine/methionine oxidation, tyrosine nitration, cysteine trioxidation) to the proteomic profile, for example, in peroxiredoxin 1. Investigating manually collected exudates, we confirmed presence of neutrophils and their products, such as microparticles and fragments containing myeloperoxidase and DNA. These data confirmed known and identified less known wound proteins and their PTMs, which may serve as resource for future studies on human wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bekeschus
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Jan-Wilm Lackmann
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Denis Gümbel
- Department of Trauma, Reconstructive Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, Greifswald University, Medical Center Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Matthias Napp
- Department of Trauma, Reconstructive Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, Greifswald University, Medical Center Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Anke Schmidt
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Kristian Wende
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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34
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Zuo Z, Zhang P, Lin F, Shang W, Bi R, Lu F, Wu J, Jiang L. Interplay between Trx-1 and S100P promotes colorectal cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition by up-regulating S100A4 through AKT activation. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2430-2441. [PMID: 29383839 PMCID: PMC5867135 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a novel positive feedback loop between thioredoxin‐1 (Trx‐1) and S100P, which promotes the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the roles of Trx‐1 and S100P in CRC epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and their underlying mechanisms. We observed that knockdown of Trx‐1 or S100P in SW620 cells inhibited EMT, whereas overexpression of Trx‐1 or S100P in SW480 cells promoted EMT. Importantly, S100A4 and the phosphorylation of AKT were identified as potential downstream targets of Trx‐1 and S100P in CRC cells. Silencing S100A4 or inhibition of AKT phosphorylation eliminated S100P‐ or Trx‐1‐mediated CRC cell EMT, migration and invasion. Moreover, inhibition of AKT activity reversed S100P‐ or Trx‐1‐induced S100A4 expression. The expression of S100A4 was higher in human CRC tissues compared with their normal counterpart tissues and was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival. The overexpression of S100A4 protein was also positively correlated with S100P or Trx‐1 protein overexpression in our cohort of CRC tissues. In addition, overexpression of S100P reversed the Trx‐1 knockdown‐induced inhibition of S100A4 expression, EMT and migration and invasion in SW620 cells. The data suggest that interplay between Trx‐1 and S100P promoted CRC EMT as well as migration and invasion by up‐regulating S100A4 through AKT activation, thus providing further potential therapeutic targets for suppressing the EMT in metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigui Zuo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peili Zhang
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feiyan Lin
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Shang
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruichun Bi
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fengying Lu
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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35
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Activation of tissue plasminogen activator by metastasis-inducing S100P protein. Biochem J 2017; 474:3227-3240. [PMID: 28798096 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
S100P protein in human breast cancer cells is associated with reduced patient survival and, in a model system of metastasis, it confers a metastatic phenotype upon benign mammary tumour cells. S100P protein possesses a C-terminal lysine residue. Using a multiwell in vitro assay, S100P is now shown for the first time to exhibit a strong, C-terminal lysine-dependent activation of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), but not of urokinase-catalysed plasminogen activation. The presence of 10 μM calcium ions stimulates tPA activation of plasminogen 2-fold in an S100P-dependent manner. S100P physically interacts with both plasminogen and tPA in vitro, but not with urokinase. Cells constitutively expressing S100P exhibit detectable S100P protein on the cell surface, and S100P-containing cells show enhanced activation of plasminogen compared with S100P-negative control cells. S100P shows C-terminal lysine-dependent enhancement of cell invasion. An S100P antibody, when added to the culture medium, reduced the rate of invasion of wild-type S100P-expressing cells, but not of cells expressing mutant S100P proteins lacking the C-terminal lysine, suggesting that S100P functions outside the cell. The protease inhibitors, aprotinin or α-2-antiplasmin, reduced the invasion of S100P-expressing cells, but not of S100P-negative control cells, nor cells expressing S100P protein lacking the C-terminal lysine. It is proposed that activation of tPA via the C-terminal lysine of S100P contributes to the enhancement of cell invasion by S100P and thus potentially to its metastasis-promoting activity.
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36
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How myosin organization of the actin cytoskeleton contributes to the cancer phenotype. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1026-34. [PMID: 27528748 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human genome contains 39 genes that encode myosin heavy chains, classified on the basis of their sequence similarity into 12 classes. Most cells express at least 12 different genes, from at least 8 different classes, which are typically composed of several class 1 genes, at least one class 2 gene and classes 5, 6, 9, 10, 18 and 19. Although the different myosin isoforms all have specific and non-overlapping roles in the cell, in combination they all contribute to the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, and the shape and phenotype of the cell. Over (or under) expression of these different myosin isoforms can have strong effects on actin organization, cell shape and contribute to the cancer phenotype as discussed in this review.
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Biri-Kovács B, Kiss B, Vadászi H, Gógl G, Pálfy G, Török G, Homolya L, Bodor A, Nyitray L. Ezrin interacts with S100A4 via both its N- and C-terminal domains. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177489. [PMID: 28493957 PMCID: PMC5426754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin belongs to the ERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin) protein family that has a role in cell morphology changes, adhesion and migration as an organizer of the cortical cytoskeleton by linking actin filaments to the apical membrane of epithelial cells. It is highly expressed in a variety of human cancers and promotes metastasis. Members of the Ca2+-binding EF-hand containing S100 proteins have similar pathological properties; they are overexpressed in cancer cells and involved in metastatic processes. In this study, using tryptophan fluorescence and stopped-flow kinetics, we show that S100A4 binds to the N-terminal ERM domain (N-ERMAD) of ezrin with a micromolar affinity. The binding involves the F2 lobe of the N-ERMAD and follows an induced fit kinetic mechanism. Interestingly, S100A4 binds also to the unstructured C-terminal actin binding domain (C-ERMAD) with similar affinity. Using NMR spectroscopy, we characterized the complex of S100A4 with the C-ERMAD and demonstrate that no ternary complex is simultaneously formed with the two ezrin domains. Furthermore, we show that S100A4 co-localizes with ezrin in HEK-293T cells. However, S100A4 very weakly binds to full-length ezrin in vitro indicating that the interaction of S100A4 with ezrin requires other regulatory events such as protein phosphorylation and/or membrane binding, shifting the conformational equilibrium of ezrin towards the open state. As both proteins play an important role in promoting metastasis, the characterization of their interaction could shed more light on the molecular events contributing to this pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Biri-Kovács
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henrietta Vadászi
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Gógl
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyula Pálfy
- Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Török
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Homolya
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Bodor
- Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyitray
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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38
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Ismail TM, Bennett D, Platt-Higgins AM, Al-Medhity M, Barraclough R, Rudland PS. S100A4 Elevation Empowers Expression of Metastasis Effector Molecules in Human Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:780-789. [PMID: 27927689 PMCID: PMC5321524 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many human glandular cancers metastasize along nerve tracts, but the mechanisms involved are generally poorly understood. The calcium-binding protein S100A4 is expressed at elevated levels in human cancers, where it has been linked to increased invasion and metastasis. Here we report genetic studies in a Drosophila model to define S100A4 effector functions that mediate metastatic dissemination of mutant Ras-induced tumors in the developing nervous system. In flies overexpressing mutant RasVal12 and S100A4, there was a significant increase in activation of the stress kinase JNK and production of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP1. Genetic or chemical blockades of JNK and MMP1 suppressed metastatic dissemination associated with S100A4 elevation, defining required signaling pathway(s) for S100A4 in this setting. In clinical specimens of human breast cancer, elevated levels of the mammalian paralogs MMP2, MMP9, and MMP13 are associated with a 4- to 9-fold relative decrease in patient survival. In individual tumors, levels of MMP2 and MMP13 correlated more closely with levels of S100A4, whereas MMP9 levels correlated more closely with the S100 family member S100P. Overall, our results suggest the existence of evolutionarily conserved pathways used by S100A4 to promote metastatic dissemination, with potential prognostic and therapeutic implications for metastasis by cancers that preferentially exploit nerve tract migration routes. Cancer Res; 77(3); 780-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamir M Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daimark Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Angela M Platt-Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Morteta Al-Medhity
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Barraclough
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Philip S Rudland
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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39
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Zhang X, Liu Z, Chen M, Cao Q, Huang D. Effects of S100A6 gene silencing on the biological features of eutopic endometrial stromal cells and β‑catenin expression. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1279-1285. [PMID: 28075439 PMCID: PMC5367373 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein expression levels of S100 calcium binding protein A6 (S100A6) are increased in various malignancies and are associated with tumor behavior; however, the association between S100A6 and endometriosis remains to be elucidated. In order to investigate the influence of S100A6 protein, recombinant lentivirus siS100A6 was used to transfect the eutopic endometrial stromal cells. CCK-8 assay was performed to identify the proliferation ability of cell and the cell migration was detected by Transwell assay. Flow cytometry was performed to detect cell apoptosis, and western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to identify the expression of β-catenin. The present study investigated the role of S100A6 in endometriosis and its interaction with β-catenin by transfecting eutopic endometrial stromal cells with a recombinant lentivirus containing S100A6-specific small interfering RNA. Inhibition of S100A6 expression had a significant antiproliferative effect and reduced the migratory ability of eutopic endometrial stromal cells, and induced their apoptosis. In addition, inhibition of S100A6 expression suppressed β-catenin expression. These results suggested that inhibition of S100A6 may represent a promising novel approach for the targeted therapy of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zequn Liu
- Department of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Meihong Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qing Cao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Donghua Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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40
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Hsu YL, Hung JY, Liang YY, Lin YS, Tsai MJ, Chou SH, Lu CY, Kuo PL. S100P interacts with integrin α7 and increases cancer cell migration and invasion in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:29585-98. [PMID: 26320193 PMCID: PMC4745748 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
S100P, a Ca2+ binding protein, has been shown to be overexpressed in various cancers. However, its functional character in lung cancer remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that S100P increases cancer migration, invasion and metastasis in lung cancer cells. Ectopic expression of S100P increases migration, invasion and EMT in less invasive CL1-0 lung cancer cells. Conversely, knockdown of S100P suppressed migration and invasion, and caused a reversion of EMT in highly invasive lung cancer cells. These effects were transduced by increasing the interaction of S100P with integrin α7, which activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and AKT. Blocking FAK significantly decreased S100P-induced migration by decreasing Src and AKT activation, whereas inhibiting AKT reduced S100P upregulation on ZEB1 expression. Further study has indicated that S100P knockdown prevents the spread of highly metastatic human lung cancer in animal models. This study therefore suggests that S100P represents a critical activator of lung cancer metastasis. Detection and targeted treatment of S100P-expressing cancer is an attractive therapeutic strategy in treating lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yu Hung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yu Liang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shah-Hwa Chou
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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41
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Prica F, Radon T, Cheng Y, Crnogorac-Jurcevic T. The life and works of S100P - from conception to cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:562-576. [PMID: 27186425 PMCID: PMC4859681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1992, the small, 10.4 kDa calcium-binding protein S100P has gained the attention of researchers from different scientific fields due to its potential roles in both healthy and neoplastic tissues. Although not ubiquitously expressed, in tissues where it is present, S100P is associated with distinct changes in cellular behaviour. In this review we have summarized the evolutionary history of S100P, its expression and involvement in implantation and human embryonic development, as well as important functions in normal tissue and cancer. Finally, we have demonstrated its pivotal role as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target, which opens promising avenues for further fruitful research on S100P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Prica
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Tomasz Radon
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Yuzhu Cheng
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle, UK
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42
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Weatherly K, Bettonville M, Torres D, Kohler A, Goriely S, Braun MY. Functional profile of S100A4-deficient T cells. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2015; 3:431-44. [PMID: 26734465 PMCID: PMC4693724 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The protein S100A4 is best known for its significant role in promoting motility and invasive capacity of cancer cells. Since S100A4 expression has been reported also in T cells, we analyzed its potential role in T cell motility and inflammation. Using S100a4(+/Gfp) mice, we show here that S100A4 is exclusively expressed by memory T cells of CD4(+) or CD8(+) subpopulations, predominantly of the effector memory T cell subtype. However, the protein was not required for in vitro memory T cell migration toward gradients of the inflammatory chemokine CXCL10. Moreover, T cell memory response was normal in S100A4-deficient mice and lack of S100a4 gene expression did not induce any defect in promoting the development of protective immunity or inflammatory reactions leading to autoimmunity. Taken together, our results demonstrate that S100A4 activity is dispensable for T cell motility/migration and inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Weatherly
- Institute for Medical Immunology Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Gosselies Belgium
| | - Marie Bettonville
- Institute for Medical Immunology Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Gosselies Belgium
| | - David Torres
- Institute for Medical Immunology Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Gosselies Belgium
| | - Arnaud Kohler
- Institute for Medical Immunology Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Gosselies Belgium
| | - Stanislas Goriely
- Institute for Medical Immunology Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Gosselies Belgium
| | - Michel Y Braun
- Institute for Medical Immunology Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Gosselies Belgium
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43
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Wu Z, Boonmars T, Nagano I, Boonjaraspinyo S, Srinontong P, Ratasuwan P, Narong K, Nielsen PS, Maekawa Y. Significance of S100P as a biomarker in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:396-408. [PMID: 26312563 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy of bile duct with the difficulty in early diagnosis, poor prognosis and less alternation in therapy. S100P is a member of S100 family proteins and plays important roles in cancers. We investigated the S100P expression and its correlation with clinicopathology in 78 cases of opisthorchiasis-associated CCA, and the effects of S100P knockdown with shRNA interference on the proliferation, cell cycle, migration, apoptosis and sensitivity to anti-cancer drug. Extremely high expression of S100P mRNA was detected in the CCA tumor tissues. The increased S100P protein expression was immunohistochemically confirmed and localized in the CCA cytoplasm and/or nuclei as well as in the hyperneoplasia and dysplasia bile ducts, but not in normal bile ducts. The intensity of immunostaining was correlated with survival, tumor stage and metastasis, and the high expression could be an independent prognostic factor. High levels of S100P were detected in the serum and bile fluid of CCA patients. The shRNA-mediated knockdown of S100P expression inhibited the proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and migration of CCA cells, arrested cell cycle with the up-regulated expression of cell cycle arrest related factors, p21, p27, GADD45A, and 14-3-3 zeta. S100P knockdown also promoted CCA cell apoptosis by up-regulating expression of apoptosis related factors, DR5, TRADD, caspase 3 and BAX, and increased the sensitivity of CCA cells to the chemotherapeutic agents sunitinib and apigenin. Taken together, this study indicates that S100P might be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Wu
- Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Thidarut Boonmars
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Isao Nagano
- Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Sirintip Boonjaraspinyo
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Srinontong
- Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Panaratana Ratasuwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Khuntikeo Narong
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Phuangphaka Sadee Nielsen
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yoichi Maekawa
- Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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44
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Ochiya T, Takenaga K, Asagiri M, Nakano K, Satoh H, Watanabe T, Imajoh-Ohmi S, Endo H. Efficient inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and growth by a synthetic peptide blocking S100A4-methionine aminopeptidase 2 interaction. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2015; 2:15008. [PMID: 26029719 PMCID: PMC4445002 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2015.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The prometastatic calcium-binding protein, S100A4, is expressed in endothelial cells, and its downregulation markedly suppresses tumor angiogenesis in a xenograft cancer model. Given that endothelial S100A4 can be a molecular target for inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, we addressed here whether synthetic peptide capable of blocking S100A4-effector protein interaction could be a novel antiangiogenic agent. To examine this hypothesis, we focused on the S100A4-binding domain of methionine aminopeptidase 2, an effector protein, which plays a role in endothelial cell growth. Overexpression of the domain in mouse endothelial MSS31 cells reduced DNA synthesis, and the corresponding synthetic peptide (named NBD) indeed interacted with S100A4 and inhibited capillary formation in vitro and new blood vessel formation in vivo. Intriguingly, a single intra-tumor administration of the NBD peptide in human prostate cancer xenografts significantly reduced vascularity, resulting in tumor regression. Mechanistically, the NBD peptide enhanced assembly of nonmuscle myosin IIA filaments along with Ser1943 phosphorylation, stimulated formation of focal adhesions without phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, and provoked G1/S arrest of the cell cycle. Altogether, the NBD peptide is a potent inhibitor for tumor angiogenesis, and is the first example of an anticancer peptide drug developed on the basis of an endothelial S100A4-targeted strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keizo Takenaga
- Department of Life Science, Shimane University School of Medicine , Izumo, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nakano
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Satoh
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hideya Endo
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan ; Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Beach JR, Hammer JA. Myosin II isoform co-assembly and differential regulation in mammalian systems. Exp Cell Res 2015; 334:2-9. [PMID: 25655283 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-muscle myosin 2 (NM2) is a major force-producing, actin-based motor in mammalian non-muscle cells, where it plays important roles in a broad range of fundamental biological processes, including cytokinesis, cell migration, and epithelial barrier function. This breadth of function at the tissue and cellular levels suggests extensive diversity and differential regulation of NM2 bipolar filaments, the major, if not sole, functional form of NM2s in vivo. Previous in vitro, cellular and animal studies indicate that some of this diversity is supported by the existence of multiple NM2 isoforms. Moreover, two recent studies have shown that these isoforms can co-assemble to form heterotypic filaments, further expanding functional diversity. In addition to isoform co-assembly, cells may differentially regulate NM2 function via isoform-specific expression, RLC phosphorylation, MHC phosphorylation or regulation via binding partners. Here, we provide a brief summary of NM2 filament assembly, summarize the recent findings regarding NM2 isoform co-assembly, consider the mechanisms cells might utilize to differentially regulate NM2 isoforms, and review the data available to support these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Beach
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - John A Hammer
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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46
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Dulyaninova NG, Bresnick AR. The heavy chain has its day: regulation of myosin-II assembly. BIOARCHITECTURE 2015; 3:77-85. [PMID: 24002531 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.26133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin-II is an actin-based motor that converts chemical energy into force and movement, and thus functions as a key regulator of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Although it is established that phosphorylation on the regulatory light chain increases the actin-activated MgATPase activity of the motor and promotes myosin-II filament assembly, studies have begun to characterize alternative mechanisms that regulate filament assembly and disassembly. These investigations have revealed that all three nonmuscle myosin-II isoforms are subject to additional regulatory controls, which impact diverse cellular processes. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on mechanisms that regulate the oligomerization state of nonmuscle myosin-II filaments by targeting the myosin heavy chain.
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47
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Betapudi V. Life without double-headed non-muscle myosin II motor proteins. Front Chem 2014; 2:45. [PMID: 25072053 PMCID: PMC4083560 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle myosin II motor proteins (myosin IIA, myosin IIB, and myosin IIC) belong to a class of molecular motor proteins that are known to transduce cellular free-energy into biological work more efficiently than man-made combustion engines. Nature has given a single myosin II motor protein for lower eukaryotes and multiple for mammals but none for plants in order to provide impetus for their life. These specialized nanomachines drive cellular activities necessary for embryogenesis, organogenesis, and immunity. However, these multifunctional myosin II motor proteins are believed to go awry due to unknown reasons and contribute for the onset and progression of many autosomal-dominant disorders, cataract, deafness, infertility, cancer, kidney, neuronal, and inflammatory diseases. Many pathogens like HIV, Dengue, hepatitis C, and Lymphoma viruses as well as Salmonella and Mycobacteria are now known to take hostage of these dedicated myosin II motor proteins for their efficient pathogenesis. Even after four decades since their discovery, we still have a limited knowledge of how these motor proteins drive cell migration and cytokinesis. We need to enrich our current knowledge on these fundamental cellular processes and develop novel therapeutic strategies to fix mutated myosin II motor proteins in pathological conditions. This is the time to think how to relieve the hijacked myosins from pathogens in order to provide a renewed impetus for patients' life. Understanding how to steer these molecular motors in proliferating and differentiating stem cells will improve stem cell based-therapeutics development. Given the plethora of cellular activities non-muscle myosin motor proteins are involved in, their importance is apparent for human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkaiah Betapudi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, OH, USA ; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
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48
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Liu S, Zhou R, Zhong J, Nie C, Yuan Z, Zhou L, Luo N, Wang C, Tong A. HepG2.2.15 as a model for studying cell protrusion and migration regulated by S100 proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:175-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Gross SR, Sin CGT, Barraclough R, Rudland PS. Joining S100 proteins and migration: for better or for worse, in sickness and in health. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1551-79. [PMID: 23811936 PMCID: PMC11113901 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The vast diversity of S100 proteins has demonstrated a multitude of biological correlations with cell growth, cell differentiation and cell survival in numerous physiological and pathological conditions in all cells of the body. This review summarises some of the reported regulatory functions of S100 proteins (namely S100A1, S100A2, S100A4, S100A6, S100A7, S100A8/S100A9, S100A10, S100A11, S100A12, S100B and S100P) on cellular migration and invasion, established in both culture and animal model systems and the possible mechanisms that have been proposed to be responsible. These mechanisms involve intracellular events and components of the cytoskeletal organisation (actin/myosin filaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules) as well as extracellular signalling at different cell surface receptors (RAGE and integrins). Finally, we shall attempt to demonstrate how aberrant expression of the S100 proteins may lead to pathological events and human disorders and furthermore provide a rationale to possibly explain why the expression of some of the S100 proteins (mainly S100A4 and S100P) has led to conflicting results on motility, depending on the cells used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane R. Gross
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET UK
| | - Connie Goh Then Sin
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET UK
| | - Roger Barraclough
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
| | - Philip S. Rudland
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
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Li Z, Tang M, Ling B, Liu S, Zheng Y, Nie C, Yuan Z, Zhou L, Guo G, Tong A, Wei Y. Increased expression of S100A6 promotes cell proliferation and migration in human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 92:291-303. [PMID: 24281831 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED High levels of S100A6 have been associated with poor outcome in some types of human cancers, but the role of S100A6 in the molecular pathogenesis of these cancers is largely unknown. This study was performed to explore the expression and functional roles of S100A6 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression level of S100A6 in HCC tumor and corresponding peritumoral tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry analysis. The potential functions of S100A6 in tumorigenesis and metastasis were analyzed by cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays in human liver cancer cells. Moreover, through expression and purification of S100A6 recombinant protein tagged with cell-penetrating peptide, we analyzed its complex extracellular/intracellular effects in a S100A6-silenced cellular model. As a result, the expression of S100A6 was up-regulated in human HCC compared with adjacent peritumoral tissues. S100A6 silencing inhibited the growth and motility of HCC cells, while intracellular re-expression of S100A6 could rescue the proliferation and migration defects. Intracellular over-expression of S100A6 resulted in down-regulation of E-cadherin expression and promoted nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Moreover, we found that the enhanced cell proliferation and motility after S100A6 stimulation were dependent on the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway. These results suggest that S100A6 may be involved in promotion and progression of human liver cancer. KEY MESSAGES S100A6 is overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma clinical specimens. S100A6 promotes proliferation and migration of human hepatoma cells. Overexpression of S100A6 results in alteration of E-cadherin and β-catenin. The multi-effects of S100A6 may be mediated in part by PI3K/AKT pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China,
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