1
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Chou CL, Lin CT, Kao CT, Lin CC. A Novel Rational PROTACs Design and Validation via AI-Driven Drug Design Approach. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:38371-38384. [PMID: 39310161 PMCID: PMC11411543 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The rational design of novel drug candidates presents a formidable challenge in modern drug discovery. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) drug design is particularly demanding due to their limited crystal structure availability and design of a viable small molecule to bridge the protein of interest (POI) and ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3). An integrated approach that combines superimposition techniques and deep neural networks is demonstrated in this study to leverage the power of deep learning and structural biology to generate structurally diverse molecules with enhanced binding affinities. The superimposition technique ensures the congruence of initial and new protein-ligand pairs, which are evaluated via subsequent comprehensive screening using the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), binding free energy (BFE), and buried solvent-accessible surface area (SASA). The final candidates are subjected to the incorporation of molecular dynamics (MD) and free energy perturbation (FEP) simulations to provide a quantitative evaluation of relative binding energies, reinforcing the efficacy and reliability of the generated molecules. The outcomes of the generated novel PROTACs molecules exhibit comparable structural attributes while demonstrating superior binding affinities within the binding pockets when contrasted with those of the established cocrystal ternary complexes. To enhance the generalizability of the workflow, we chose the ternary structure of the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1) and Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) for validating the chemical properties generated from the processes. The new linker molecules additionally showed superior affinity from the simulations. In summary, this methodology serves as an effective workflow to align computational predictions with current limitations, thereby introducing a novel paradigm in AI-driven drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chieh-Te Lin
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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2
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Yilmaz E. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:373-390. [PMID: 39287859 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the world has seen an alarming increase in obesity and is closely associated with insulin resistance, which is a state of low-grade inflammation, the latter characterized by elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in blood and tissues. A shift in energy balance alters systemic metabolic regulation and the important role that chronic inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction, and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) plays in this process.Why obesity is so closely associated with insulin resistance and inflammation is not understood well. This suggests that there are probably many causes for obesity-related insulin resistance and inflammation. One of the faulty mechanisms is protein homeostasis, protein quality control system included protein folding, chaperone activity, and ER-associated degradation leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.The ER is a vast membranous network responsible for the trafficking of a wide range of proteins and plays a central role in integrating multiple metabolic signals critical in cellular homeostasis. Conditions that may trigger unfolded protein response activation include increased protein synthesis, the presence of mutant or misfolded proteins, inhibition of protein glycosylation, imbalance of ER calcium levels, glucose and energy deprivation, hypoxia, pathogens, or pathogen-associated components and toxins. Thus, characterizing the mechanisms contributing to obesity and identifying potential targets for its prevention and treatment will have a great impact on the control of associated conditions, particularly T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Yilmaz
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey.
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3
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Matsuguchi S, Hirai Y. Syntaxin4, P-cadherin, and CCAAT enhancer binding protein β as signaling elements in the novel differentiation pathway for cultured embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 672:27-35. [PMID: 37331168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells possess the potential to differentiate into all three germ layers. However, upon removal of the stemness factors, pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), exhibit EMT-like cell behavior and lose stemness signatures. This process involves the membrane translocation of the t-SNARE protein syntaxin4 (Stx4) and the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule P-cadherin. The forced expression of either of these elements induces the emergence of such phenotypes even in the presence of stemness factors. Interestingly, extracellular Stx4, but not P-cadherin, appears to induce a significant upregulation of the gastrulation-related gene brachyury, along with a slight upregulation of the smooth muscle cell-related gene ACTA2 in ESCs. Furthermore, our findings reveal that extracellular Stx4 plays a role in preventing the elimination of CCAAT enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ). Notably, the forced overexpression of C/EBPβ led to the downregulation of brachyury and a significant upregulation of ACTA2 in ESCs. These observations suggest that extracellular Stx4 contributes to early mesoderm induction while simultaneously activating an element that alters the differentiation state. The fact that a single differentiation cue can elicit multiple differentiation responses may reflect the challenges associated with achieving sensitive and directed differentiation in cultured stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Matsuguchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Yohei Hirai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan.
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4
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Mioc M, Milan A, Malița D, Mioc A, Prodea A, Racoviceanu R, Ghiulai R, Cristea A, Căruntu F, Șoica C. Recent Advances Regarding the Molecular Mechanisms of Triterpenic Acids: A Review (Part I). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147740. [PMID: 35887090 PMCID: PMC9322890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triterpenic acids are phytocompounds with a widespread range of biological activities that have been the subject of numerous in vitro and in vivo studies. However, their underlying mechanisms of action in various pathologies are not completely elucidated. The current review aims to summarize the most recent literature, published in the last five years, regarding the mechanism of action of three triterpenic acids (asiatic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid), corelated with different biological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and antimicrobial. All three discussed compounds share several mechanisms of action, such as the targeted modulation of the PI3K/AKT, Nrf2, NF-kB, EMT, and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways, while other mechanisms that proved to only be specific for a part of the triterpenic acids discussed, such as the modulation of Notch, Hippo, and MALAT1/miR-206/PTGS1 signaling pathway, were highlighted as well. This paper stands as the first part in our literature study on the topic, which will be followed by a second part focusing on other triterpenic acids of therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Mioc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Milan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Malița
- Department of Radiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604 (D.M. & A.M.)
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604 (D.M. & A.M.)
| | - Alexandra Prodea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Ghiulai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Cristea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
| | - Florina Căruntu
- Department of Medical Semiology II, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Codruța Șoica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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5
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Ng HQ, Li Q, Kang C. 1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignments of the first BIR domain of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2022; 16:91-95. [PMID: 35061233 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-022-10065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1 (cIAP-1) is member of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) which can affect apoptosis through interactions with caspases. cIAP-1 is a multi-domain protein and able to regulate apoptosis through interactions with proteins such as caspases and possesses E3 ligase activity. Human cIAP-1 contains three baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) domains which are critical for protein-protein interactions. Here, we report NMR resonance assignments of the first BIR domain of human cIAP. Its secondary structures in solution were determined based on the assigned resonances. The dynamics of this domain was obtained, and our hydrogen-deuterium exchange experiment reveals that the first helix in BIR1 is exposed to the solvent. The availability of assignments of backbone and side chain resonances will be useful for probing protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qi Ng
- Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138670, Singapore
| | - Qingxin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Biomass High Value Utilization, Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China
| | - Congbao Kang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre (EDDC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138670, Singapore.
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6
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Liu SH, Ku CY, Chiang MT. Polysaccharide-Rich Red Algae ( Gelidium amansii) Hot-Water Extracts Alleviate Abnormal Hepatic Lipid Metabolism without Suppression of Glucose Intolerance in a Streptozotocin/Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rat Model. Molecules 2022; 27:1447. [PMID: 35209236 PMCID: PMC8875162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of polysaccharide-rich red algae (Gelidium amansii) hot-water extracts (GHE) on lipid and glucose metabolism in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)/nicotinamide (NA)-induced diabetes. Rats were divided into three groups: NC-normal control group), DM-diabetic group, and DG-diabetic group supplemented with GHE (5%). The experimental diet and drinking water were available ad libitum for 10 weeks. After the 10-week feeding duration, the body weight, liver weight, total adipose tissue weight, and hepatic TBARS and cholesterol levels were significantly increased, and hepatic glycogen content and adipose lipolysis rate were significantly decreased in the DM group, which could be effectively reversed by supplementation of GHE. However, GHE supplementation could not improve the glucose intolerance in DM rats. It was interesting to note that GHE supplementation could decrease the liver glucose-6-phosphotase activity, which was increased in DM rats. Taken together, these results suggested that GHE feeding may ameliorate abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism, but not glucose intolerance, in diabetic rats induced by STZ/NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Ku
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
| | - Meng-Tsan Chiang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
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7
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Hu Y, Tian L, Ma K, Han L, Li W, Hu L, Fei G, Zhang T, Yu D, Xu L, Wang F, Xiao B, Chen L. ER stress-related protein, CHOP, may serve as a biomarker of mechanical asphyxia: a primary study. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:1091-1104. [PMID: 35122137 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The precise authentication of death from mechanical asphyxia (DMA) has been a complex problem in forensic medicine. Besides the traditional methods that concern the superficial characterization of the body, researchers are now paying more attention to the biomarkers that may help the identification of DMA. It has been reported that the extremely hypoxic environment created by DMA can cause the specific expression of mitochondria-related protein, which may sever as the biomarkers of DMA authentication. Since endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) has been found to be related to the dysfunction of mitochondria, it is promising to look for the biomarkers of DMA among ER stress-related proteins. In this article, animal and cell experiments were conducted to examine how ER-mitochondria interaction may be influenced in the hypoxic condition caused by DMA primarily. Human samples were then used to verify the possible biomarkers of DMA. We found that ER stress-related protein CHOP was significantly up-regulated within a short-term postmortem interval (PMI) in brain tissue of DMA samples, which may interact with a series of ER stress- and mitochondria-related protein, leading to the apoptosis of the cells. It was also verified in human samples that the expression level of CHOP can sever as a potential biomarker of DMA within a specific PMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Tian
- Forensic Lab, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Pudong Branch, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, 255 Yanzhong Road, Shanghai, 200125, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijun Ma
- Forensic Lab, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, 803 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China
| | - Liujun Han
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencan Li
- Forensic Lab, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Pudong Branch, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, 255 Yanzhong Road, Shanghai, 200125, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyuyan Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Fei
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Shanghai Police College, 100 Chongjing Road, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianye Zhang
- Forensic Lab, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, 803 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China
| | - Delun Yu
- Forensic Lab, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, 803 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyi Xu
- Forensic Lab, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, 803 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Forensic Lab, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Qianjiang Public Security Bureau, 27 Nanpu Road, Qianjiang, 433199, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi Xiao
- Forensic Lab, Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, 803 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Dale B, Cheng M, Park KS, Kaniskan HÜ, Xiong Y, Jin J. Advancing targeted protein degradation for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:638-654. [PMID: 34131295 PMCID: PMC8463487 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The human proteome contains approximately 20,000 proteins, and it is estimated that more than 600 of them are functionally important for various types of cancers, including nearly 400 non-enzyme proteins that are challenging to target by traditional occupancy-driven pharmacology. Recent advances in the development of small-molecule degraders, including molecular glues and heterobifunctional degraders such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), have made it possible to target many proteins that were previously considered undruggable. In particular, PROTACs form a ternary complex with a hijacked E3 ubiquitin ligase and a target protein, leading to polyubiquitination and degradation of the target protein. The broad applicability of this approach is facilitated by the flexibility of individual E3 ligases to recognize different substrates. The vast majority of the approximately 600 human E3 ligases have not been explored, thus presenting enormous opportunities to develop degraders that target oncoproteins with tissue, tumour and subcellular selectivity. In this Review, we first discuss the molecular basis of targeted protein degradation. We then offer a comprehensive account of the most promising degraders in development as cancer therapies to date. Lastly, we provide an overview of opportunities and challenges in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Dale
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meng Cheng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kwang-Su Park
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Ümit Kaniskan
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yue Xiong
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Cullgen Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Trapika IGMGSC, Liu XT, Chung LH, Lai F, Xie C, Zhao Y, Cui S, Chen J, Tran C, Wang Q, Zhang S, Don AS, Li GQ, Hanrahan JR, Qi Y. Ceramide Regulates Anti-Tumor Mechanisms of Erianin in Androgen-Sensitive and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:738078. [PMID: 34604081 PMCID: PMC8484793 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent malignancy worldwide. In the early stages, the development of prostate cancer is dependent on androgens. Over time with androgen deprivation therapy, 20% of prostate cancers progress to a castration-resistant form. Novel treatments for prostate cancers are still urgently needed. Erianin is a plant-derived bibenzyl compound. We report herein that erianin exhibits anti-tumor effects in androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells through different mechanisms. Erianin induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. It also triggers pro-survival autophagic responses, as inhibition of autophagy predisposes to apoptosis. In contrast, erianin fails to induce apoptosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Instead, it results in cell cycle arrest at the M phase. Mechanistically, C16 ceramide dictates differential responses of androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells to erianin. Erianin elevates C16 ceramide level in androgen-sensitive but not castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Overexpression of ceramide synthase 5 that specifically produces C16 ceramide enables erianin to induce apoptosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Our study provides both experimental evidence and mechanistic data showing that erianin is a potential treatment option for prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gusti Md Gde Surya C. Trapika
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin Tracy Liu
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Long Hoa Chung
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Felcia Lai
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Chanlu Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Chinese Medicine Anti-Cancer Evaluation Program, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaohui Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biorescources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinbiao Chen
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Collin Tran
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Qian Wang
- Translational Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biorescources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Anthony S. Don
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - George Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane R. Hanrahan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Yanfei Qi, ; Jane R. Hanrahan,
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Yanfei Qi, ; Jane R. Hanrahan,
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10
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Šrámek J, Němcová-Fürstová V, Kovář J. Molecular Mechanisms of Apoptosis Induction and Its Regulation by Fatty Acids in Pancreatic β-Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4285. [PMID: 33924206 PMCID: PMC8074590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell failure and death contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. One of the main factors responsible for β-cell dysfunction and subsequent cell death is chronic exposure to increased concentrations of FAs (fatty acids). The effect of FAs seems to depend particularly on the degree of their saturation. Saturated FAs induce apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells, whereas unsaturated FAs are well tolerated and are even capable of inhibiting the pro-apoptotic effect of saturated FAs. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction by saturated FAs in β-cells are not completely elucidated. Saturated FAs induce ER stress, which in turn leads to activation of all ER stress pathways. When ER stress is severe or prolonged, apoptosis is induced. The main mediator seems to be the CHOP transcription factor. Via regulation of expression/activity of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, and potentially also through the increase in ROS production, CHOP switches on the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis induction. ER stress signalling also possibly leads to autophagy signalling, which may activate caspase-8. Saturated FAs activate or inhibit various signalling pathways, i.e., p38 MAPK signalling, ERK signalling, ceramide signalling, Akt signalling and PKCδ signalling. This may lead to the activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, as well. Particularly, the inhibition of the pro-survival Akt signalling seems to play an important role. This inhibition may be mediated by multiple pathways (e.g., ER stress signalling, PKCδ and ceramide) and could also consequence in autophagy signalling. Experimental evidence indicates the involvement of certain miRNAs in mechanisms of FA-induced β-cell apoptosis, as well. In the rather rare situations when unsaturated FAs are also shown to be pro-apoptotic, the mechanisms mediating this effect in β-cells seem to be the same as for saturated FAs. To conclude, FA-induced apoptosis rather appears to be preceded by complex cross talks of multiple signalling pathways. Some of these pathways may be regulated by decreased membrane fluidity due to saturated FA incorporation. Few data are available concerning molecular mechanisms mediating the protective effect of unsaturated FAs on the effect of saturated FAs. It seems that the main possible mechanism represents a rather inhibitory intervention into saturated FA-induced pro-apoptotic signalling than activation of some pro-survival signalling pathway(s) or metabolic interference in β-cells. This inhibitory intervention may be due to an increase of membrane fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Šrámek
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Vlasta Němcová-Fürstová
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
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11
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IAP-Mediated Protein Ubiquitination in Regulating Cell Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051118. [PMID: 32365919 PMCID: PMC7290580 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the E3-ubiquitine ligases from IAP (Inhibitor of Apoptosis) family have emerged as potent regulators of immune response. In immune cells, they control signaling pathways driving differentiation and inflammation in response to stimulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), and some cytokine receptors. They are able to control the activity, the cellular fate, or the stability of actors of signaling pathways, acting at different levels from components of receptor-associated multiprotein complexes to signaling effectors and transcription factors, as well as cytoskeleton regulators. Much less is known about ubiquitination substrates involved in non-immune signaling pathways. This review aimed to present IAP ubiquitination substrates and the role of IAP-mediated ubiquitination in regulating signaling pathways.
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12
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Li Y, Ren D, Shen Y, Zheng X, Xu G. Altered DNA methylation of TRIM13 in diabetic nephropathy suppresses mesangial collagen synthesis by promoting ubiquitination of CHOP. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102582. [PMID: 31901873 PMCID: PMC6940716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesangial collagen synthesis in renal glomeruli contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) which is one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying mechanism of mesangial collagen synthesis is largely unknown. Methods The differential expression of CHOP and TRIM13 which is a well-defined E3 ubiquitin ligase was compared in renal biopsy samples from DN/normal renal tissues, in isolated glomeruli of diabetic/control mice, as well as in high glucose (HG) or TGF-β1-stimulated renal mesangial cells. Then the relationship between TRIM13 and CHOP was explored using the ubiquitination assay. Findings We found that the expression of TRIM13 was downregulated in renal biopsies, isolated glomeruli of diabetic mice, and HG/TGF-β1-stimulated renal mesangial cells, while the expression of CHOP was upregulated. An increased level of TRIM13 promoter methylation contributed to the deregulation of TRIM13 in renal glomeruli of DN. The ubiquitination assay confirmed that TRIM13 promoted ubiquitination and degradation of CHOP. Meanwhile, overexpressing TRIM13 attenuated DN-induced collagen synthesis and restored renal function in vitro and in vivo via downregulating CHOP. Interpretation Our findings demonstrated that overexpressed TRIM13 suppresses mesangial collagen synthesis in DN by promoting ubiquitination of CHOP, suggesting TRIM13 as a potential therapeutic target in treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebei Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Daijin Ren
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zheng
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC, United States
| | - Gaosi Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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13
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Yahya SM, Abdelnasser SM, Hamed AR, El Sayed OH, Asker MS. Newly isolated marine bacterial exopolysaccharides enhance antitumor activity in HepG2 cells via affecting key apoptotic factors and activating toll like receptors. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6231-6241. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Dumétier B, Glorian V, Allègre J, Dubrez L. [Unexpected role of IAPs in transcriptional regulation]. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 35:405-407. [PMID: 31115319 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Valérie Glorian
- Lipides, nutrition et cancer, UMR1231, Inserm, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Jennifer Allègre
- Lipides, nutrition et cancer, UMR1231, Inserm, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Dubrez
- Lipides, nutrition et cancer, UMR1231, Inserm, 21079 Dijon, France
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15
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Song Z, Wang W, Li N, Yan S, Rong K, Lan T, Xia P. Sphingosine kinase 2 promotes lipotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells and the progression of diabetes. FASEB J 2018; 33:3636-3646. [PMID: 30452878 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801496r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of functional β-cell mass caused by lipotoxicity is a key pathogenic factor in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We have previously reported that sphingosine kinase (SK)1 is an endogenous protector of β-cells against lipotoxicity. The current study reports that SK2, another isoform of SK, is a crucial mediator of lipotoxicity in β-cells. Exposure of β-cells to palmitatic acid (PA), a saturated free fatty acid, resulted in a nearly 2-fold increase in SK2 expression, which paralleled the induction of cell death in a similar dose- and time-dependent fashion. Silencing SK2 expression by its specific small interfering RNAs significantly inhibited PA-induced cell death and caspase-3 activation, whereas overexpression of SK2 promoted lipotoxicity in β-cells. Mechanistically, upon exposure to PA, endogenous SK2 was shuttled from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it interacted with B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xL), leading to mitochondrial apoptotic pathway activation and cell death. By blocking SK2 translocation and its interaction with Bcl-xL, either the nuclear export signal mutant (L423A/L425A) or the BH3 domain mutant (L219A) of SK2 significantly attenuated β-cell lipotoxicity. Furthermore, SK2 deficiency in mice significantly prevented the loss of β-cell mass, preserved insulin production, and ameliorated the diabetic phenotype in an established T2DM model induced by feeding a high-fat diet accompanied by administration of streptozotocin. These findings provide the first evidence, in vitro and in vivo, of a critical role for SK2 in mediating β-cell lipotoxicity and the progression of diabetes.-Song, Z., Wang, W., Li, N., Yan, S., Rong, K., Lan, T., Xia, P. Sphingosine kinase 2 promotes lipotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells and the progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Sishan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Kuan Rong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Pu Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; and.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Allègre J, Cartier J, Glorian V, Droin N, Dumetier B, Kayaci C, Berthelet J, Gemble S, Vuillier C, Maillet L, Garrido C, Dubrez L. E2F1 binds to the peptide-binding groove within the BIR3 domain of cIAP1 and requires cIAP1 for chromatin binding. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206253. [PMID: 30359437 PMCID: PMC6201919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP1) is an E3-ubiquitin ligase that regulates cell signaling pathways involved in fundamental cellular processes including cell death, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and inflammation. It recruits ubiquitination substrates thanks to the presence of three baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains at its N-terminal extremity. We previously demonstrated that cIAP1 promoted the ubiquitination of the E2 factor 1 (E2F1) transcription factor. Moreover, we showed that cIAP1 was required for E2F1 stabilization during the S phase of cell cycle and in response to DNA damage. Here, we report that E2F1 binds within the cIAP1 BIR3 domain. The BIR3 contains a surface hydrophobic groove that specifically anchors a conserved IAP binding motif (IBM) found in a number of intracellular proteins including Smac. The Smac N-7 peptide that includes the IBM, as well as a Smac mimetic, competed with E2F1 for interaction with cIAP1 demonstrating the importance of the BIR surface hydrophobic groove. We demonstrated that the first alpha-helix of BIR3 was required for E2F1 binding, as well as for the binding of Smac and Smac mimetics. Overexpression of cIAP1 modified the ubiquitination profile of E2F1, increasing the ratio of E2F1 conjugated with K11- and K63-linked ubiquitin chains, and decreasing the proportion of E2F1 modified by K48-linked ubiquitin chains. ChIP-seq analysis demonstrated that cIAP1 was required for the recruitment of E2F1 onto chromatin. Lastly, we identified an E2F-binding site on the cIAP1-encoding birc2 gene promoter, suggesting a retro-control regulation loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Allègre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Jessy Cartier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Valérie Glorian
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | | | - Baptiste Dumetier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Cémile Kayaci
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Jean Berthelet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Simon Gemble
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Carmen Garrido
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Dubrez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
- * E-mail:
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Kocaturk NM, Gozuacik D. Crosstalk Between Mammalian Autophagy and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:128. [PMID: 30333975 PMCID: PMC6175981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are the two major intracellular quality control and recycling mechanisms that are responsible for cellular homeostasis in eukaryotes. Ubiquitylation is utilized as a degradation signal by both systems, yet, different mechanisms are in play. The UPS is responsible for the degradation of short-lived proteins and soluble misfolded proteins whereas autophagy eliminates long-lived proteins, insoluble protein aggregates and even whole organelles (e.g., mitochondria, peroxisomes) and intracellular parasites (e.g., bacteria). Both the UPS and selective autophagy recognize their targets through their ubiquitin tags. In addition to an indirect connection between the two systems through ubiquitylated proteins, recent data indicate the presence of connections and reciprocal regulation mechanisms between these degradation pathways. In this review, we summarize these direct and indirect interactions and crosstalks between autophagy and the UPS, and their implications for cellular stress responses and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Mehpare Kocaturk
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Yang Y, Liu L, Naik I, Braunstein Z, Zhong J, Ren B. Transcription Factor C/EBP Homologous Protein in Health and Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1612. [PMID: 29230213 PMCID: PMC5712004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), known also as DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 and as growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 153 (GADD153), is induced in response to certain stressors. CHOP is universally acknowledged as a main conduit to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. Ongoing research established the existence of CHOP-mediated apoptosis signaling networks, for which novel downstream targets are still being determined. However, there are studies that contradict this notion and assert that apoptosis is not the only mechanism by which CHOP plays in the development of pathologies. In this review, insights into the roles of CHOP in pathophysiology are summarized at the molecular and cellular levels. We further focus on the newest advances that implicate CHOP in human diseases including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and notably, fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ishan Naik
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Boxu Ren
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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19
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Ovalle-Magallanes B, Eugenio-Pérez D, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Medicinal properties of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.): A comprehensive update. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:102-122. [PMID: 28842267 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Garcinia mangostana L. (Clusiaceae) is a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia known as mangosteen which fruits possess a distinctive and pleasant taste that has granted them the epithet of "queen of the fruits". The seeds and pericarps of the fruit have a long history of use in the traditional medicinal practices of the region, and beverages containing mangosteen pulp and pericarps are sold worldwide as nutritional supplements. The main phytochemicals present in the species are isoprenylated xanthones, a class of secondary metabolites with multiple reports of biological effects, such as antioxidant, pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic and anti-obesity. The diversity of actions displayed by mangosteen xanthones shows that these compounds target multiple signaling pathways involved in different pathologies, and place them as valuable sources for developing new drugs to treat chronic and degenerative diseases. This review article presents a comprehensive update of the toxicological findings on animal models, and the preclinical anticancer, analgesic, neuroprotective, antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of G. mangostana L. extracts and its main isolates. Pharmacokinetics, drug delivery systems and reports on dose-finding human trials are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Ovalle-Magallanes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Dianelena Eugenio-Pérez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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De-qian K, Yue L, Li L, Guangying Z. Downregulation of Smac attenuates H2O2-induced apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress in human lens epithelial cells. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7419. [PMID: 28682901 PMCID: PMC5502174 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac) is reported to promote apoptosis. Given the important role of apoptosis in cataract development, the aim of this study was to investigate whether Smac induces human lens epithelial cell (HLEC) apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). METHODS Smac expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in anterior lens capsules from 157 patients with age-related cataracts and 5 normal controls. The role of Smac in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced ERS and apoptosis was further evaluated using small interfering RNA knockdown in an HLEC line. RESULTS Notably, Smac expression was significantly higher in patients with cataracts than in controls, but showed no association with cataract severity. Cell survival was inversely correlated with H2O2 concentration, and was most significantly affected at 200 μmol/L. Moreover, flow cytometry revealed that Smac knockdown attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis and enhanced apoptotic- and endoplasmic reticulum-related marker expression-including that of glucose-regulated protein 78, C/EBP homologous protein, caspase 3, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 2-associated X, and BCL2-at the gene and protein level. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results indicate that Smac plays an important role in ERS-induced apoptosis in HLECs, suggesting its close association with cataract development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong De-qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- The Key Discipline Open Laboratory of Clinical Medicine for Institutions of Higher Learning in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liu Yue
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- The Key Discipline Open Laboratory of Clinical Medicine for Institutions of Higher Learning in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- The Key Discipline Open Laboratory of Clinical Medicine for Institutions of Higher Learning in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Guangying
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- The Key Discipline Open Laboratory of Clinical Medicine for Institutions of Higher Learning in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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21
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Nuñez-Durán E, Chanclón B, Sütt S, Real J, Marschall HU, Wernstedt Asterholm I, Cansby E, Mahlapuu M. Protein kinase STK25 aggravates the severity of non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease in mice. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:15-27. [PMID: 28442507 PMCID: PMC5510597 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Characterising the molecular networks that negatively regulate pancreatic β-cell function is essential for understanding the underlying pathogenesis and developing new treatment strategies for type 2 diabetes. We recently identified serine/threonine protein kinase 25 (STK25) as a critical regulator of ectopic fat storage, meta-inflammation, and fibrosis in liver and skeletal muscle. Here, we assessed the role of STK25 in control of progression of non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease in the context of chronic exposure to dietary lipids in mice. We found that overexpression of STK25 in high-fat-fed transgenic mice aggravated diet-induced lipid storage in the pancreas compared with that of wild-type controls, which was accompanied by exacerbated pancreatic inflammatory cell infiltration, stellate cell activation, fibrosis and apoptosis. Pancreas of Stk25 transgenic mice also displayed a marked decrease in islet β/α-cell ratio and alteration in the islet architecture with an increased presence of α-cells within the islet core, whereas islet size remained similar between genotypes. After a continued challenge with a high-fat diet, lower levels of fasting plasma insulin and C-peptide, and higher levels of plasma leptin, were detected in Stk25 transgenic vs wild-type mice. Furthermore, the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was impaired in high-fat-fed Stk25 transgenic mice during glucose tolerance test, in spite of higher net change in blood glucose concentrations compared with wild-type controls, suggesting islet β-cell dysfunction. In summary, this study unravels a role for STK25 in determining the susceptibility to diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease in mice in connection to obesity. Our findings highlight STK25 as a potential drug target for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nuñez-Durán
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Belén Chanclón
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Metabolic PhysiologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silva Sütt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joana Real
- Department of Metabolic PhysiologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineWallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Metabolic PhysiologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emmelie Cansby
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margit Mahlapuu
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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22
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Lipid droplet growth and adipocyte development: mechanistically distinct processes connected by phospholipids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1273-1283. [PMID: 28668300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes is accompanied by the growth and formation of a giant, unilocular lipid droplet (LD). Mechanistically however, LD growth and adipogenesis are two different processes. Recent studies have uncovered a number of proteins that are able to regulate both LD dynamics and adipogenesis, such as SEIPIN, LIPIN and CDP-Diacylglycerol Synthases. It appears that phospholipids, phosphatidic acid in particular, play a critical role in both LD budding/growth and adipocyte development. This review summarizes recent advances, and aims to provide a better understanding of LD growth as well as adipogenesis, two critical aspects in mammalian fat storage. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent Advances in Lipid Droplet Biology edited by Rosalind Coleman and Matthijs Hesselink.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:261-276. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Glorian V, Allègre J, Berthelet J, Dumetier B, Boutanquoi PM, Droin N, Kayaci C, Cartier J, Gemble S, Marcion G, Gonzalez D, Boidot R, Garrido C, Michaud O, Solary E, Dubrez L. DNA damage and S phase-dependent E2F1 stabilization requires the cIAP1 E3-ubiquitin ligase and is associated with K63-poly-ubiquitination on lysine 161/164 residues. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2816. [PMID: 28542143 PMCID: PMC5520736 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The E2F transcription factor 1 is subtly regulated along the cell cycle progression and in response to DNA damage by post-translational modifications. Here, we demonstrated that the E3-ubiquitin ligase cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP1) increases E2F1 K63-poly-ubiquitination on the lysine residue 161/164 cluster, which is associated with the transcriptional factor stability and activity. Mutation of these lysine residues completely abrogates the binding of E2F1 to CCNE, TP73 and APAF1 promoters, thus inhibiting transcriptional activation of these genes and E2F1-mediated cell proliferation control. Importantly, E2F1 stabilization in response to etoposide-induced DNA damage or during the S phase of cell cycle, as revealed by cyclin A silencing, is associated with K63-poly-ubiquitinylation of E2F1 on lysine 161/164 residues and involves cIAP1. Our results reveal an additional level of regulation of the stability and the activity of E2F1 by a non-degradative K63-poly-ubiquitination and uncover a novel function for the E3-ubiquitin ligase cIAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Glorian
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Jennifer Allègre
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Jean Berthelet
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Baptiste Dumetier
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Boutanquoi
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | | | - Cémile Kayaci
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Jessy Cartier
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Simon Gemble
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Guillaume Marcion
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Gonzalez
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Romain Boidot
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Michaud
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Solary
- Inserm U1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurence Dubrez
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
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Han K, Hassanzadeh S, Singh K, Menazza S, Nguyen TT, Stevens MV, Nguyen A, San H, Anderson SA, Lin Y, Zou J, Murphy E, Sack MN. Parkin regulation of CHOP modulates susceptibility to cardiac endoplasmic reticulum stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2093. [PMID: 28522833 PMCID: PMC5437023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory control of cardiac endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is incompletely characterized. As ER stress signaling upregulates the E3-ubiquitin ligase Parkin, we investigated the role of Parkin in cardiac ER stress. Parkin knockout mice exposed to aortic constriction-induced cardiac pressure-overload or in response to systemic tunicamycin (TM) developed adverse ventricular remodeling with excessive levels of the ER regulatory C/EBP homologous protein CHOP. CHOP was identified as a Parkin substrate and its turnover was Parkin-dose and proteasome-dependent. Parkin depletion in cardiac HL-1 cells increased CHOP levels and enhanced susceptibility to TM-induced cell death. Parkin reconstitution rescued this phenotype and the contribution of excess CHOP to this ER stress injury was confirmed by reduction in TM-induced cell death when CHOP was depleted in Parkin knockdown cardiomyocytes. Isogenic Parkin mutant iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes showed exaggerated ER stress induced CHOP and apoptotic signatures and myocardium from subjects with dilated cardiomyopathy showed excessive Parkin and CHOP induction. This study identifies that Parkin functions to blunt excessive CHOP to prevent maladaptive ER stress-induced cell death and adverse cardiac ventricular remodeling. Additionally, Parkin is identified as a novel post-translational regulatory moderator of CHOP stability and uncovers an additional stress-modifying function of this E3-ubiquitin ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Han
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shahin Hassanzadeh
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Komudi Singh
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sara Menazza
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tiffany T Nguyen
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mark V Stevens
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - An Nguyen
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hong San
- Animal Surgery Program, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stasia A Anderson
- MRI Imaging Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yongshun Lin
- Ipsc Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jizhong Zou
- Ipsc Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael N Sack
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Growth Hormone Mediates Its Protective Effect in Hepatic Apoptosis through Hnf6. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167085. [PMID: 27936029 PMCID: PMC5147851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Growth hormone (GH) not only supports hepatic metabolism but also protects against hepatocyte cell death. Hnf6 (or Oc1) belonging to the Onecut family of hepatocyte transcription factors known to regulate differentiated hepatic function, is a GH-responsive gene. We evaluate if GH mediates Hnf6 activity to attenuate hepatic apoptotic injury. METHODS We used an animal model of hepatic apoptosis by bile duct ligation (BDL) with Hnf6 -/- (KO) mice in which hepatic Hnf6 was conditionally inactivated. GH was administered to adult wild type WT and KO mice for the 7 days of BDL to enhance Hnf6 expression. In vitro, primary hepatocytes derived from KO and WT liver were treated with LPS and hepatocyte apoptosis was assessed with and without GH treatment. RESULTS In WT mice, GH treatment enhanced Hnf6 expression during BDL, inhibited Caspase -3, -8 and -9 responses and diminished hepatic apoptotic and fibrotic injury. GH-mediated upregulation of Hnf6 expression and parallel suppression of apoptosis and fibrosis in WT BDL liver were abrogated in KO mice. LPS activated apoptosis and suppressed Hnf6 expression in primary hepatocytes. GH/LPS co-treatment enhanced Hnf6 expression with corresponding attenuation of apoptosis in WT-derived hepatocytes, but not in KO hepatocytes. ChiP-on-ChiP and electromobility shift assays of KO and WT liver nuclear extracts identified Ciap1 (or Birc2) as an Hnf6-bound target gene. Ciap1 expression patterns closely follow Hnf6 expression in the liver and in hepatocytes. CONCLUSION GH broad protective actions on hepatocytes during liver injury are effected through Hnf6, with Hnf6 transcriptional activation of Ciap1 as an underlying molecular mediator.
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Dai X, Ding Y, Liu Z, Zhang W, Zou MH. Phosphorylation of CHOP (C/EBP Homologous Protein) by the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Alpha 1 in Macrophages Promotes CHOP Degradation and Reduces Injury-Induced Neointimal Disruption In Vivo. Circ Res 2016; 119:1089-1100. [PMID: 27650555 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Elevated levels of CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein), a member of the C/EBP transcription factor family, in advanced atherosclerotic plaques is reported to be associated with atherosclerotic plaque rupture in humans. However, the molecular mechanism by which CHOP accumulation occurs is poorly defined. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate if (1) macrophage AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) regulates cellular CHOP accumulation and (2) whole-body Ampk deletion leads to neointimal disruption. METHODS AND RESULTS In isolated or cultured macrophages, Ampkα1 deletion markedly increased apoptosis and CHOP, whereas pharmacological activation of AMPK dramatically reduced CHOP protein level via promoting CHOP degradation by proteasome. In addition, cotransfection of Chop-specific siRNA, but not control siRNA, markedly reduced apoptosis in macrophages transfected with Ampkα1-specific siRNA. Mechanistically, AMPKα1 was found to coimmunoprecipitate with CHOP and phosphorylate CHOP at serine 30. Furthermore, serine 30 phosphorylation of CHOP triggered its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. In a mouse model of plaque stability, deletion of Ampkα1 but not Ampkα2 promoted injury-induced neointimal disruption. This was paralleled by increased CHOP expression and apoptosis in vivo. Finally, transfection of Chop-specific siRNA but not control siRNA reduced both CHOP level and injury-induced neointimal disruption in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that AMPKα1 mediates CHOP ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in macrophages by promoting the phosphorylation of CHOP at serine 30. We conclude that AMPKα1 might be a valid therapeutic target in preventing atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Dai
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (X.D., Y.D., Z.L., M.-H.Z.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; and the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (W.Z.)
| | - Ye Ding
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (X.D., Y.D., Z.L., M.-H.Z.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; and the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (W.Z.)
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (X.D., Y.D., Z.L., M.-H.Z.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; and the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (W.Z.)
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (X.D., Y.D., Z.L., M.-H.Z.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; and the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (W.Z.)
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- From the Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (X.D., Y.D., Z.L., M.-H.Z.); The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; and the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (W.Z.).
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28
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Wang H, Sun RQ, Camera D, Zeng XY, Jo E, Chan SMH, Herbert TP, Molero JC, Ye JM. Endoplasmic reticulum stress up-regulates Nedd4-2 to induce autophagy. FASEB J 2016; 30:2549-56. [PMID: 27022162 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of unfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and activation of unfolded protein response (UPR). This response can trigger ER-associated degradation and autophagy, which clear unfolded proteins and restore protein homeostasis. Recently, it has become clear that ubiquitination plays an important role in the regulation of autophagy. In the present study, we investigated how the E3 ubiquitin ligase neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally down-regulated protein 4-2 (Nedd4-2) interacts with ER stress and autophagy. In mice, we found that an increase in the expression of Nedd4-2, which was concomitant with the activation of the UPR and autophagy, was caused by a prolonged high-fructose and high-fat diet that induces ER stress in the liver. Pharmacologic induction of ER stress also led to an increase in Nedd4-2 expression in cultured cells, which was coincident with UPR and autophagy activation. The inhibition of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 significantly suppressed Nedd4-2 expression. Moreover, increased Nedd4-2 expression in vivo was closely associated with the activation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 and increased expression of the spliced form of X-box binding protein 1. Furthermore, knockdown of Nedd4-2 in cultured cells suppressed both basal autophagy and ER stress-induced autophagy, whereas overexpression of Nedd4-2-induced autophagy. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that Nedd4-2 is up-regulated in response to ER stress by the spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 and that this is important in the induction of an appropriate autophagic response.-Wang, H. Sun, R.-Q., Camera, D., Zeng, X.-Y., Jo, E., Chan, S. M. H., Herbert, T. P., Molero, J. C., Ye, J.-M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress up-regulates Nedd4-2 to induce autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruo-Qiong Sun
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daria Camera
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiao-Yi Zeng
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eunjung Jo
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stanley M H Chan
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence P Herbert
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Juan C Molero
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Booth L, Cruickshanks N, Tavallai S, Roberts JL, Peery M, Poklepovic A, Dent P. Regulation of dimethyl-fumarate toxicity by proteasome inhibitors. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 15:1646-57. [PMID: 25482938 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.967992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present studies examined the biology of the multiple sclerosis drug dimethyl-fumarate (DMF) or its in vivo breakdown product and active metabolite mono-methyl-fumarate (MMF), alone or in combination with proteasome inhibitors, in primary human glioblastoma (GBM) cells. MMF enhanced velcade and carfilzomib toxicity in multiple primary GBM isolates. Similar data were obtained in breast and colon cancer cells. MMF reduced the invasiveness of GBM cells, and enhanced the toxicity of ionizing radiation and temozolomide. MMF killed freshly isolated activated microglia which was associated with reduced IL-6, TGFβ and TNFα production. The combination of MMF and the multiple sclerosis drug Gilenya further reduced both GBM and activated microglia viability and cytokine production. Over-expression of c-FLIP-s or BCL(-)XL protected GBM cells from MMF and velcade toxicity. MMF and velcade increased plasma membrane localization of CD95, and knock down of CD95 or FADD blocked the drug interaction. The drug combination inactivated AKT, ERK1/2 and mTOR. Molecular inhibition of AKT/ERK/mTOR signaling enhanced drug combination toxicity whereas molecular activation of these pathways suppressed killing. MMF and velcade increased the levels of autophagosomes and autolysosomes and knock down of ATG5 or Beclin1 protected cells. Inhibition of the eIF2α/ATF4 arm or the IRE1α/XBP1 arm of the ER stress response enhanced drug combination lethality. This was associated with greater production of reactive oxygen species and quenching of ROS suppressed cell killing.
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Key Words
- DMF, dimethyl-fumarate
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- ERK, extracellular regulated kinase
- JNK, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase
- MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase
- MEK, mitogen activated extracellular regulated kinase
- MMF, monomethyl-fumarate
- P, phospho-
- PARP, poly ADP ribosyl polymerase
- PI3K, phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase
- PTEN, Phosphatase and tensin homolog
- R, receptor
- WT, wild type
- ca, constitutively active
- dn, dominant negative
- −/−, null / gene deleted
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Qi Y, Wang W, Chen J, Dai L, Kaczorowski D, Gao X, Xia P. Sphingosine Kinase 1 Protects Hepatocytes from Lipotoxicity via Down-regulation of IRE1α Protein Expression. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:23282-90. [PMID: 26240153 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.677542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant deposition of fat including free fatty acids in the liver often causes damage to hepatocytes, namely lipotoxicity, which is a key pathogenic event in the development and progression of fatty liver diseases. This study demonstrates a pivotal role of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) in protecting hepatocytes from lipotoxicity. Exposure of primary murine hepatocytes to palmitate resulted in dose-dependent cell death, which was enhanced significantly in Sphk1-deficient cells. In keeping with this, expression of dominant-negative mutant SphK1 also markedly promoted palmitate-induced cell death. In contrast, overexpression of wild-type SphK1 profoundly protected hepatocytes from lipotoxicity. Mechanistically, the protective effect of SphK1 is attributable to suppression of ER stress-mediated pro-apoptotic pathways, as reflected in the inhibition of IRE1α activation, XBP1 splicing, JNK phosphorylation, and CHOP induction. Of note, SphK1 inhibited the IRE1α pathway by reducing IRE1α expression at the transcriptional level. Moreover, S1P mimicked the effect of SphK1, suppressing IRE1α expression in a receptor-dependent manner. Furthermore, enforced overexpression of IRE1α significantly blocked the protective effect of SphK1 against lipotoxicity. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the role of SphK1 in hepatocyte survival and uncovers a novel mechanism for protection against ER stress-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Qi
- From the Signal Transduction Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia and
| | - Wei Wang
- the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinbiao Chen
- From the Signal Transduction Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia and
| | - Lan Dai
- From the Signal Transduction Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia and
| | - Dominik Kaczorowski
- From the Signal Transduction Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia and
| | - Xin Gao
- the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pu Xia
- From the Signal Transduction Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia and the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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31
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Wang ZS, Xiong F, Xie XH, Chen D, Pan JH, Cheng L. Astragaloside IV attenuates proteinuria in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy via the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. BMC Nephrol 2015; 16:44. [PMID: 25886386 PMCID: PMC4387678 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease throughout the world; however, the reversibility of diabetic nephropathy remains controversial. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DN. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is derived from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge, a widely used traditional herbal medicine in China, and has diverse pharmacological activities including the attenuation of podocyte injury and amelioration of proteinuria in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of AS-IV on proteinuria in the rat streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model of diabetes. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control (Normal group), diabetic nephropathy (Model group), diabetic nephropathy plus AS-IV treatment (AS-IV group) and diabetic nephropathy plus 4-phenyl butyric acid treatment (PBA group). ER stress was induced in cultured human podocytes, pretreated with or without AS-IV, with tunicamycin (TM). At the end of 8 weeks, serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and 24-hour urinary protein excretion rate (UAER) were determined. Renal morphology was examined after periodic acid-Schiff staining of kidney sections. Apoptosis of podocytes was measured by flow cytometry. The total expression and phosphorylation of eIF2α, PERK and JNK, and the expression of CHOP and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by western blotting. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and 150 kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150) mRNA and protein was determined by real-time PCR and western blotting respectively. Results AS-IV treatment significantly reduced urinary albumin excretion, plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, and prevented the mesangial matrix expansion and increase in mean mesangial induced by STZ. AS-IV also prevented the phosphorylation of eIF2α, PERK and JNK, and inhibited the expression of GRP78 and ORP150 markedly, both in vivo and in vitro. AS-IV inhibited the TM-induced apoptosis of podocytes, concomitant with decreased CHOP expression and cleaved caspase-3. Conclusions This study supports the hypothesis that AS-IV reduces proteinuria and attenuates diabetes, which is associated with decreased ER stress. This might be an important mechanism in the renoprotective function of AS-IV in the pathogenesis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Si Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Xiao Hang Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Jian Hua Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei Province, PR China.
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32
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Senft D, Ronai ZA. UPR, autophagy, and mitochondria crosstalk underlies the ER stress response. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:141-8. [PMID: 25656104 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 742] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular stress, induced by external or internal cues, activates several well-orchestrated processes aimed at either restoring cellular homeostasis or committing to cell death. Those processes include the unfolded protein response (UPR), autophagy, hypoxia, and mitochondrial function, which are part of the global endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS) response. When one of the ERS elements is impaired, as often occurs under pathological conditions, overall cellular homeostasis may be perturbed. Further, activation of the UPR could trigger changes in mitochondrial function or autophagy, which could modulate the UPR, exemplifying crosstalk processes. Among the numerous factors that control the magnitude or duration of these processes are ubiquitin ligases, which govern overall cellular stress outcomes. Here we summarize crosstalk among the fundamental processes governing ERS responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Senft
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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RIPK1 promotes death receptor-independent caspase-8-mediated apoptosis under unresolved ER stress conditions. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1555. [PMID: 25476903 PMCID: PMC4649839 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and results in the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which aims at restoring ER homeostasis. However, when the stress is too severe the UPR switches from being a pro-survival response to a pro-death one, and the molecular mechanisms underlying ER stress-mediated death have remained incompletely understood. In this study, we identified receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)—a kinase at the crossroad between life and death downstream of various receptors—as a new regulator of ER stress-induced death. We found that Ripk1-deficient MEFs are protected from apoptosis induced by ER stressors, which is reflected by reduced caspase activation and PARP processing. Interestingly, the pro-apoptotic role of Ripk1 is independent of its kinase activity, is not regulated by its cIAP1/2-mediated ubiquitylation, and does not rely on the direct regulation of JNK or CHOP, two reportedly main players in ER stress-induced death. Instead, we found that ER stress-induced apoptosis in these cells relies on death receptor-independent activation of caspase-8, and identified Ripk1 upstream of caspase-8. However, in contrast to RIPK1-dependent apoptosis downstream of TNFR1, we did not find Ripk1 associated with caspase-8 in a death-inducing complex upon unresolved ER stress. Our data rather suggest that RIPK1 indirectly regulates caspase-8 activation, in part via interaction with the ER stress sensor inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1).
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De Jesus DF, Kulkarni RN. Epigenetic modifiers of islet function and mass. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:628-36. [PMID: 25246382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with insulin resistance in target tissues including the β-cell, leading to significant β-cell loss and secretory dysfunction. T2D is also associated with aging, and the underlying mechanisms that increase susceptibility of an individual to develop the disease implicate epigenetics: interactions between susceptible loci and the environment. In this review, we discuss the effects of aging on β-cell function and adaptation, besides the significance of mitochondria in islet bioenergetics and epigenome. We highlight three important modulators of the islet epigenome, namely: metabolites, hormones, and the nutritional state. Unraveling the signaling pathways that regulate the islet epigenome during aging will help to better understand the development of disease progression and to design novel therapies for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario F De Jesus
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), Abdel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, 5000 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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35
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Biden TJ, Boslem E, Chu KY, Sue N. Lipotoxic endoplasmic reticulum stress, β cell failure, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:389-98. [PMID: 24656915 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Failure of the unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain optimal folding of pro-insulin in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to unresolved ER stress and β cell death. This contributes not only to some rare forms of diabetes, but also to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Many key findings, elaborated over the past decade, are based on the lipotoxicity model, entailing chronic exposure of β cells to elevated levels of fatty acids (FAs). Here, we update recent progress on how FAs initiate ER stress, particularly via disruption of protein trafficking, and how this leads to apoptosis. We also highlight differences in how β cells are impacted by the classic UPR, versus the more selective UPR that arises as part of a broader response to lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J Biden
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Ebru Boslem
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Kwan Yi Chu
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Nancy Sue
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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36
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Ko CC, Chen YJ, Chen CT, Liu YC, Cheng FC, Hsu KC, Chow LP. Chemical proteomics identifies heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1 as the molecular target of quercetin in its anti-cancer effects in PC-3 cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:22078-89. [PMID: 24962584 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.553248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a flavonoid abundantly present in plants, is widely used as a phytotherapy in prostatitis and prostate cancer. Although quercetin has been reported to have a number of therapeutic effects, the cellular target(s) responsible for its anti-cancer action has not yet been clearly elucidated. Here, employing affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, we identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) as a direct target of quercetin. A specific interaction between quercetin and hnRNPA1 was validated by immunoblotting and in vitro binding experiments. We found that quercetin bound the C-terminal region of hnRNPA1, impairing the ability of hnRNPA1 to shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm and ultimately resulting in its cytoplasmic retention. In addition, hnRNPA1 was recruited to stress granules after treatment of cells with quercetin for up to 48 h, and the levels of cIAP1 (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis), an internal ribosome entry site translation-dependent protein, were reduced by hnRNPA1 regulation. This is the first report that anti-cancer effects of quercetin are mediated, in part, by impairing functions of hnRNPA1, insights that were obtained using a chemical proteomics strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Ko
- From the Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan and
| | - Yun-Ju Chen
- From the Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan and
| | - Chih-Ta Chen
- From the Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan and
| | - Yu-Chih Liu
- From the Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan and
| | - Fong-Chi Cheng
- Eurofins Panlabs Taiwan Ltd., 158 Li-Teh Road, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chao Hsu
- From the Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan and
| | - Lu-Ping Chow
- From the Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan and
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37
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Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) exert both positive and negative effects on beta cell survival and insulin secretory function, depending on concentration, duration, and glucose abundance. Lipid signals are mediated not only through metabolic pathways, but also through cell surface and nuclear receptors. Toxicity is modulated by positive signals arising from circulating factors such as hormones, growth factors and incretins, as well as negative signals such as inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Intracellular mechanisms of lipotoxicity include metabolic interference and cellular stress responses such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and possibly autophagy. New findings strengthen an old hypothesis that lipids may also impair compensatory beta cell proliferation. Clinical observations continue to support a role for lipid biology in the risk and progression of both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review summarizes recent work in this important, rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit B Sharma
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
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38
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Miura Y, Hagiwara N, Radisky DC, Hirai Y. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) isoform balance as a regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mouse mammary epithelial cells. Exp Cell Res 2014; 327:146-55. [PMID: 24881817 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program promotes cell invasion and metastasis, and is reversed through mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) after formation of distant metastases. Here, we show that an imbalance of gene products encoded by the transcriptional factor C/EBPβ, LAP (liver-enriched activating protein) and LIP (liver-enriched inhibitory protein), can regulate both EMT- and MET-like phenotypic changes in mouse mammary epithelial cells. By using tetracycline repressive LIP expression constructs, we found that SCp2 cells, a clonal epithelial line of COMMA1-D cells, expressed EMT markers, lost the ability to undergo alveolar-like morphogenesis in 3D Matrigel, and acquired properties of benign adenoma cells. Conversely, we found that inducible expression of LAP in SCg6 cells, a clonal fibroblastic line of COMMA1-D cells, began to express epithelial keratins with suppression of proliferation. The overexpression of the C/EBPβ gene products in these COMMA1-D derivatives was suppressed by long-term cultivation on tissue culture plastic, but gene expression was maintained in cells grown on Matrigel or exposed to proteasome inhibitors. Thus, imbalances of C/EBPβ gene products in mouse mammary epithelial cells, which are affected by contact with basement membrane, are defined as a potential regulator of metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Miura
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337 Japan
| | - Natsumi Hagiwara
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337 Japan
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32225 USA
| | - Yohei Hirai
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337 Japan.
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Hiramatsu N, Messah C, Han J, LaVail MM, Kaufman RJ, Lin JH. Translational and posttranslational regulation of XIAP by eIF2α and ATF4 promotes ER stress-induced cell death during the unfolded protein response. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1411-20. [PMID: 24623724 PMCID: PMC4004591 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-11-0664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic ER stress down-regulates XIAP by activating the PERK branch of the UPR. PERK attenuates Xiap translation via eIF2α phosphorylation. PERK promotes XIAP degradation via ATF4. CHOP induction and XIAP suppression act in parallel to sensitize cells to ER stress–induced apoptosis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein misfolding activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to help cells cope with ER stress. If ER homeostasis is not restored, UPR promotes cell death. The mechanisms of UPR-mediated cell death are poorly understood. The PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) arm of the UPR is implicated in ER stress–induced cell death, in part through up-regulation of proapoptotic CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). Chop−/− cells are partially resistant to ER stress–induced cell death, and CHOP overexpression alone does not induce cell death. These findings suggest that additional mechanisms regulate cell death downstream of PERK. Here we find dramatic suppression of antiapoptosis XIAP proteins in response to chronic ER stress. We find that PERK down-regulates XIAP synthesis through eIF2α and promotes XIAP degradation through ATF4. Of interest, PERK's down-regulation of XIAP occurs independently of CHOP activity. Loss of XIAP leads to increased cell death, whereas XIAP overexpression significantly enhances resistance to ER stress–induced cell death, even in the absence of CHOP. Our findings define a novel signaling circuit between PERK and XIAP that operates in parallel with PERK to CHOP induction to influence cell survival during ER stress. We propose a “two-hit” model of ER stress–induced cell death involving concomitant CHOP up-regulation and XIAP down-regulation both induced by PERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Hiramatsu
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 Departments of Anatomy and Ophthalmology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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40
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Xia P, Qi Y. Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1 and survival of beta cells undergoing endoplasmic reticulum stress. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2014; 95:269-98. [PMID: 24559922 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800174-5.00011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells rely heavily on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to process folding and posttranslational modification of a large amount of insulin and many other proteins and are therefore vulnerable to ER stress. The role of the ER is thus crucial in the regulation of beta cell function and survival through the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. However, the UPR can either allow cells to survive by adapting to stress or kill cells through apoptosis in a context-dependent manner. How cell fate is determined following UPR activation remains enigmatic. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms linking ER stress to beta cell survival or apoptosis. Specifically, we focus on the role of the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1 and propose a new model for understanding survival of beta cells undergoing ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xia
- Signal Transduction Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Signal Transduction Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
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41
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Chen YS, Qiu XB. Ubiquitin at the crossroad of cell death and survival. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2013; 32:640-7. [PMID: 23816559 PMCID: PMC3870847 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.012.10283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is crucial for cellular processes, such as protein degradation, apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle progression. Dysregulation of the ubiquitination network accounts for the development of numerous diseases, including cancer. Thus, targeting ubiquitination is a promising strategy in cancer therapy. Both apoptosis and autophagy are involved in tumorigenesis and response to cancer therapy. Although both are categorized as types of cell death, autophagy is generally considered to have protective functions, including protecting cells from apoptosis under certain cellular stress conditions. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy by ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
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42
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Akazawa Y, Guicciardi ME, Cazanave SC, Bronk SF, Werneburg NW, Kakisaka K, Nakao K, Gores GJ. Degradation of cIAPs contributes to hepatocyte lipoapoptosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G611-9. [PMID: 24008361 PMCID: PMC3840239 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00111.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte apoptosis is a hallmark of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We have previously observed that the saturated free fatty acids (FFAs) induce hepatocyte apoptosis in part via a death receptor 5 (DR5)-mediated signaling pathway. Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 and 2 (cIAP-1 and cIAP-2) proteins are potent inhibitors of death receptor-mediated apoptosis. However, the role of the cIAPs in FFA-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis is unexplored. Our aim was to determine whether cIAPs are dysregulated during hepatocyte lipoapoptosis. cIAP proteins underwent rapid cellular elimination following treatment with the saturated FFAs palmitate (PA) and stearate. In contrast, PA did not decrease cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 mRNA expression in the cells. Degradation of cIAPs was dependent on their E3-ligase activity, suggesting that cIAPs undergo autoubiquitination that leads to proteasomal degradation. Huh-7 cells stably expressing shRNA targeting cIAP-1, but not cIAP-2, displayed enhanced sensitivity to PA-mediated apoptosis. Incubation with the SMAC mimetic JP1584, which induces rapid degradation of cIAPs, also enhanced PA-mediated apoptosis. Hepatocytes isolated from DR5 knockout mice exhibited reduced apoptosis following treatment with PA plus JP1584, implying that degradation of cIAPs sensitizes to DR5-mediated cell death pathways. A decrease of cIAP-1 was also observed in tissue from patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis compared with normal obese subjects. Collectively, these results implicate proteasomal degradation of cIAPs by FFA as a mechanism contributing to hepatocyte lipoapoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Akazawa
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905.
| | - Maria Eugenia Guicciardi
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Sophie C. Cazanave
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Steven F. Bronk
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Nathan W. Werneburg
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Keisuke Kakisaka
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Kazuhiko Nakao
- 2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Gregory J. Gores
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
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43
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Yang C, Novack DV. Anti-cancer IAP antagonists promote bone metastasis: a cautionary tale. J Bone Miner Metab 2013; 31:496-506. [PMID: 23740289 PMCID: PMC3962044 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The bone microenvironment is complex, containing bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, bone-maintaining osteocytes, hematopoietic lineage cells, as well as blood vessels, nerves, and stromal cells. Release of embedded growth factors from the bone matrix via osteoclast resorption has been shown to participate in the alteration of bone microenvironment to facilitate tumor metastasis to this organ. Many types of malignancies including solid tumors and leukemias are associated with elevated levels of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, and IAP antagonists represent an important emerging class of anti-cancer agents. IAPs exert anti-apoptotic roles by inhibiting caspases and upregulating pro-survival proteins, at least in part by activating classical NF-κB signaling. In addition, IAPs act as negative regulators in the alternative NF-κB pathway, so that IAP antagonists stimulate this pathway. The role of the classical NF-κB pathway in IAP antagonist-induced apoptosis has been extensively studied, whereas much less attention has been paid to the role of these agents in the alternative pathway. Thus far, several IAP antagonists have been tested in preclinical and early stage clinical trials, and have shown promise in sensitizing tumor cells to apoptosis without significant side effects. However, recent preclinical evidence suggests an increased risk of bone metastasis caused by IAP antagonists, along with potential for promoting osteoporosis. In this review, the connection between IAP antagonists, the alternative NF-κB pathway, osteoclasts, and bone metastasis are discussed. In light of these effects of IAP antagonists on the bone microenvironment, more attention should be paid to this and other host tissues as these drugs are developed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8301, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA,
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44
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Qi Y, Chen J, Lay A, Don A, Vadas M, Xia P. Loss of sphingosine kinase 1 predisposes to the onset of diabetes via promoting pancreatic β-cell death in diet-induced obese mice. FASEB J 2013; 27:4294-304. [PMID: 23839933 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-230052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipotoxic stress-induced β-cell death (lipotoxicity) is recognized as a key contributor to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current study reports a critical role of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) in β-cell survival under lipotoxic conditions. In an attempt to investigate the role of SphK1 in lipotoxicity in vivo, we fed Sphk1(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal chow diet. Remarkably, while HFD-fed WT mice developed glucose intolerance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, all HFD-fed Sphk1(-/-) mice manifested evident diabetes, accompanied by a nearly 3-fold reduction in insulin levels compared with the WT mice. Pancreatic β-cell mass was increased by 140% in HFD-fed WT mice but decreased to 50% in HFD-fed Sphk1(-/-) mice, in comparison with the chow diet control groups, respectively. Accordingly, by blocking the enzyme activity, expression of a dominant negative form of SphK1 markedly promoted palmitate-induced cell death in MIN6 and INS-1 β-cell lines. Moreover, primary islets isolated from Sphk1(-/-) mice exhibited higher susceptibility to lipotoxicity than WT controls. Of note, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) profoundly abrogated lipotoxicity in β cells or the cells lacking SphK1 activity and Sphk1(-/-) islets, highlighting a pivotal role of S1P in β-cell survival under lipotoxic conditions. These findings could suggest a new therapeutic strategy for preventing β-cell death and thus the onset of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Qi
- 1Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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