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Fang Y, Wang Y, Ma H, Guo Y, Xu R, Chen X, Chen X, Lv Y, Li P, Gao Y. TFAP2A downregulation mediates tumor-suppressive effect of miR-8072 in triple-negative breast cancer via inhibiting SNAI1 transcription. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:103. [PMID: 38890750 PMCID: PMC11186287 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a highly aggressive subset of breast malignancies characterized by its challenging clinical management and unfavorable prognosis. While TFAP2A, a member of the AP-2 transcription factor family, has been implicated in maintaining the basal phenotype of breast cancer, its precise regulatory role in TNBC remains undefined. METHODS In vitro assessments of TNBC cell growth and migratory potential were conducted using MTS, colony formation, and EdU assays. Quantitative PCR was employed to analyze mRNA expression levels, while Western blot was utilized to evaluate protein expression and phosphorylation status of AKT and ERK. The post-transcriptional regulation of TFAP2A by miR-8072 and the transcriptional activation of SNAI1 by TFAP2A were investigated through luciferase reporter assays. A xenograft mouse model was employed to assess the in vivo growth capacity of TNBC cells. RESULTS Selective silencing of TFAP2A significantly impeded the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells, with elevated TFAP2A expression observed in breast cancer tissues. Notably, TNBC patients exhibiting heightened TFAP2A levels experienced abbreviated overall survival. Mechanistically, TFAP2A was identified as a transcriptional activator of SNAI1, a crucial regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cellular proliferation, thereby augmenting the oncogenic properties of TFAP2A in TNBC. Moreover, miR-8072 was unveiled as a negative regulator of TFAP2A, exerting potent inhibitory effects on TNBC cell growth and migration. Importantly, the tumor-suppressive actions mediated by the miR-8072/TFAP2A axis were intricately associated with the attenuation of AKT/ERK signaling cascades and the blockade of EMT processes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings unravel the role and underlying molecular mechanism of TFAP2A in driving tumorigenesis of TNBC. Targeting the TFAP2A/SNAI1 pathway and utilizing miR-8072 as a suppressor represent promising therapeutic strategies for treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hongning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Central Laboratory of People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Rongrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehua Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Lv
- Oncology Department of Cancer Hospital, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yujing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
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Wu X, Li X, Wang L, Bi X, Zhong W, Yue J, Chin YE. Lysine Deacetylation Is a Key Function of the Lysyl Oxidase Family of Proteins in Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:652-658. [PMID: 38194336 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian members of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of proteins carry a copper-dependent monoamine oxidase domain exclusively within the C-terminal region, which catalyzes ε-amine oxidation of lysine residues of various proteins. However, recent studies have demonstrated that in LOX-like (LOXL) 2-4 the C-terminal canonical catalytic domain and N-terminal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) repeats domain exhibit lysine deacetylation and deacetylimination catalytic activities. Moreover, the N-terminal SRCR repeats domain is more catalytically active than the C-terminal oxidase domain. Thus, LOX is the third family of lysine deacetylases in addition to histone deacetylase and sirtuin families. In this review, we discuss how the LOX family targets different cellular proteins for deacetylation and deacetylimination to control the development and metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Peninsular Cancer Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Luwei Wang
- Peninsular Cancer Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xianxia Bi
- Peninsular Cancer Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Weihong Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jicheng Yue
- Peninsular Cancer Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Peninsular Cancer Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Gutiérrez-Galindo E, Yilmaz ZH, Hausser A. Membrane trafficking in breast cancer progression: protein kinase D comes into play. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1173387. [PMID: 37293129 PMCID: PMC10246754 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1173387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine/threonine kinase family that controls important cellular functions, most notably playing a key role in the secretory pathway at the trans-Golgi network. Aberrant expression of PKD isoforms has been found mainly in breast cancer, where it promotes various cellular processes such as growth, invasion, survival and stem cell maintenance. In this review, we discuss the isoform-specific functions of PKD in breast cancer progression, with a particular focus on how the PKD controlled cellular processes might be linked to deregulated membrane trafficking and secretion. We further highlight the challenges of a therapeutic approach targeting PKD to prevent breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Hazal Yilmaz
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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4
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Schönfelder J, Seibold T, Morawe M, Sroka R, Schneider N, Cai J, Golomejic J, Schütte L, Armacki M, Huber-Lang M, Kalbitz M, Seufferlein T, Eiseler T. Endothelial Protein kinase D1 is a major regulator of post-traumatic hyperinflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1093022. [PMID: 36936923 PMCID: PMC10017463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1093022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma is a major cause of death worldwide. The post-traumatic immune response culminates in the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, translating in the infiltration of neutrophils (PMNs) at injury sites. The extent of this inflammation is determined by multiple factors, such as PMN adhesion to the endothelium, transendothelial migration, endothelial barrier integrity as well as PMN swarming, mass infiltration and activation. This process is initiated by secondary lipid mediators, such as leukotriene B4 (LTB4). We here provide evidence that Protein kinase D1 (PRKD1) in endothelial cells is implicated in all these processes. Endothelial PRKD1 is activated by pro-inflammatory stimuli and amplifies PMN-mediated inflammation by upregulation of cytokine and chemokines as well as adhesion molecules, such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin. This induces enhanced PMN adhesion and trans-migration. PRKD1 activation also destabilizes endothelial VE-cadherin adhesion complexes and thus the endothelial barrier, fostering PMN infiltration. We even describe a yet unrecognized PRKD1-dependant mechanism to induce biosynthesis of the PMN-swarming mediator LTB4 directed via intercellular communication through small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and enhanced CXCL8 secretion from activated endothelial cells. These endothelial sEVs transfer the LTB4 biosynthesis enzyme LTA4 hydrolase (LTA4H) to prime PMNs, while initiating biosynthesis also requires additional signals, like CXCL8. We further demonstrate the respective LTA4H-positive sEVs in the serum of polytrauma patients, peaking 12 h post injury. Therefore, PRKD1 is a key regulator in the coordinated communication of the endothelium with PMNs and a vital signaling node during post-traumatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanja Seibold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mareen Morawe
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Robert Sroka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nora Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jierui Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Josip Golomejic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lena Schütte
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Milena Armacki
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tim Eiseler, ; Thomas Seufferlein,
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tim Eiseler, ; Thomas Seufferlein,
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Laurentino TDS, Soares RDS, Marie SKN, Oba-Shinjo SM. Correlation of Matrisome-Associatted Gene Expressions with LOX Family Members in Astrocytomas Stratified by IDH Mutation Status. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179507. [PMID: 36076905 PMCID: PMC9455728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell infiltrative ability into surrounding brain tissue is a characteristic of diffusely infiltrative astrocytoma and is strongly associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness. Collagens are the most abundant ECM scaffolding proteins and contribute to matrix organization and stiffness. LOX family members, copper-dependent amine oxidases, participate in the collagen and elastin crosslinking that determine ECM tensile strength. Common IDH mutations in lower-grade gliomas (LGG) impact prognosis and have been associated with ECM stiffness. We analyzed the expression levels of LOX family members and matrisome-associated genes in astrocytoma stratified by malignancy grade and IDH mutation status. A progressive increase in expression of all five LOX family members according to malignancy grade was found. LOX, LOXL1, and LOXL3 expression correlated with matrisome gene expressions. LOXL1 correlations were detected in LGG with IDH mutation (IDHmut), LOXL3 correlations in LGG with IDH wild type (IDHwt) and strong LOX correlations in glioblastoma (GBM) were found. These increasing correlations may explain the increment of ECM stiffness and tumor aggressiveness from LGG-IDHmut and LGG-IDHwt through to GBM. The expression of the mechanosensitive transcription factor, β-catenin, also increased with malignancy grade and was correlated with LOXL1 and LOXL3 expression, suggesting involvement of this factor in the outside–in signaling pathway.
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Jiang C, Wang M, Yao W, Lv G, Liu X, Wang G. Comprehensive Analysis on Prognosis and Immune Infiltration of Lysyl Oxidase Family Members in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma With Experimental Verification. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:778857. [PMID: 35433829 PMCID: PMC9010946 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.778857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most aggressive among all solid malignancies with delayed disease detection and limited effective treatment. However, due to the intricate heterogeneity and exclusive tumor microenvironment (TME), the development of effective therapy has been facing enormous challenges. The lysyl oxidases (LOXs) underpin the shaping of the TME to promote cancer growth, metastasis and modulate response to treatment.Materials and Methods: The mRNA expression, prognostic, and clinicopathological data for LOXs in PDAC from multiple open-access databases were summarized and analyzed. The protein expression was verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Co-expressed genes of LOXs were predicted and elaborated by LinkedOmics. Functional enrichment analysis of LOXs co-expressed genes was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). TIMER and TISIDB were applied to analyze the relationship between LOXs expression and immune infiltration.Results: The mRNA expression levels of LOX, LOXL1 and LOXL2 were significantly higher in PDAC, the expression levels of LOXL3 and LOXL4 were contrary in different databases. High mRNA levels of LOX and LOXL2 were associated with advanced PDAC stage, while elevated LOX and LOXL3 expression correlated with high tumor grade. The IHC staining showed higher expression levels of LOX, LOXL1 and LOXL2, lower expression level of LOXL3 in PDAC tissues, while the protein expression of LOXL4 made no difference. Functional enrichment analysis showed a close relationship with extracellular matrix (ECM) regulation, except that LOXL3 and its ligands were highly associated with immune-related functions. Further analysis suggested that LOX and LOXL3 strongly correlated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), various immune signatures, and immune checkpoints. Finally, survival analysis revealed high LOX and LOXL2 expression predicted worse overall survival (OS), progression-free interval (PFI), and disease-specific survival (DSS).Conclusion: These findings indicated that the LOX family, especially LOX and LOXL2, might have a prospective value in PDAC oncogenesis, and they may become prognostic biomarkers, revealing a promising field in targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery I, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery I, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weikai Yao
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery I, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Cardiovascular Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xueyan Liu, ; Guangyi Wang,
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery I, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xueyan Liu, ; Guangyi Wang,
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7
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Laurentino TDS, Soares RDS, Lerario AM, Marie SKN, Oba-Shinjo SM. LOXL3 Silencing Affected Cell Adhesion and Invasion in U87MG Glioma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158072. [PMID: 34360836 PMCID: PMC8347215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase-like 3 (LOXL3), belonging to the lysyl oxidase family, is responsible for the crosslinking in collagen or elastin. The cellular localization of LOXL3 is in the extracellular space by reason of its canonical function. In tumors, the presence of LOXL3 has been associated with genomic stability, cell proliferation, and metastasis. In silico analysis has shown that glioblastoma was among tumors with the highest LOXL3 expression levels. LOXL3 silencing of U87MG cells by siRNA led to the spreading of the tumor cell surface, and the transcriptome analysis of these cells revealed an upregulation of genes coding for extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, and cytoskeleton components, convergent to an increase in cell adhesion and a decrease in cell invasion observed in functional assays. Significant correlations of LOXL3 expression with genes coding for tubulins were observed in the mesenchymal subtype in the TCGA RNA-seq dataset of glioblastoma (GBM). Conversely, genes involved in endocytosis and lysosome formation, along with MAPK-binding proteins related to focal adhesion turnover, were downregulated, which may corroborate the observed decrease in cell viability and increase in the rate of cell death. Invasiveness is a major determinant of the recurrence and poor outcome of GBM patients, and downregulation of LOXL3 may contribute to halting the tumor cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita de S. Laurentino
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory (LIM 15), Neurology Department, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, SP, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (S.K.N.M.)
- Correspondence: (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.O.-S.); Tel.: +55-11-3061-8310 (T.d.S.L. & S.M.O.-S.)
| | - Roseli da S. Soares
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory (LIM 15), Neurology Department, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, SP, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (S.K.N.M.)
| | - Antonio M. Lerario
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Suely K. N. Marie
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory (LIM 15), Neurology Department, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, SP, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (S.K.N.M.)
| | - Sueli M. Oba-Shinjo
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory (LIM 15), Neurology Department, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, SP, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (S.K.N.M.)
- Correspondence: (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.O.-S.); Tel.: +55-11-3061-8310 (T.d.S.L. & S.M.O.-S.)
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Armacki M, Polaschek S, Waldenmaier M, Morawe M, Ruhland C, Schmid R, Lechel A, Tharehalli U, Steup C, Bektas Y, Li H, Kraus JM, Kestler HA, Kruger S, Ormanns S, Walther P, Eiseler T, Seufferlein T. Protein Kinase D1, Reduced in Human Pancreatic Tumors, Increases Secretion of Small Extracellular Vesicles From Cancer Cells That Promote Metastasis to Lung in Mice. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1019-1035.e22. [PMID: 32446697 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic tumor cells release small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes) that contain lipids and proteins, RNA, and DNA molecules that might promote formation of metastases. It is not clear what cargo these vesicles contain and how they are released. Protein kinase D1 (PRKD1) inhibits cell motility and is believed to be dysregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. We investigated whether it regulates production of sEVs in pancreatic cancer cells and their ability to form premetastatic niches for pancreatic cancer cells in mice. METHODS We analyzed data from UALCAN and human pancreatic tissue microarrays to compare levels of PRKD1 between tumor and nontumor tissues. We studied mice with pancreas-specific disruption of Prkd1 (PRKD1KO mice), mice that express oncogenic KRAS (KC mice), and KC mice with disruption of Prkd1 (PRKD1KO-KC mice). Subcutaneous xenograft tumors were grown in NSG mice from Panc1 cells; some mice were then given injections of sEVs. Pancreata and lung tissues from mice were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and/or quantitative polymerase chain reaction; we performed nanoparticle tracking analysis of plasma sEVs. The Prkd1 gene was disrupted in Panc1 cells using CRISPR-Cas9 or knocked down with small hairpin RNAs, or PRKD1 activity was inhibited with the selective inhibitor CRT0066101. Pancreatic cancer cell lines were analyzed by gene-expression microarray, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence analyses. sEVs secreted by Panc1 cell lines were analyzed by flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, and mass spectrometry. RESULTS Levels of PRKD1 were reduced in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues compared with nontumor tissues. PRKD1KO-KC mice developed more pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, at a faster rate, than KC mice, and had more lung metastases and significantly shorter average survival time. Serum from PRKD1KO-KC mice had increased levels of sEVs compared with KC mice. Pancreatic cancer cells with loss or inhibition of PRKD1 increased secretion of sEVs; loss of PRKD1 reduced phosphorylation of its substrate, cortactin, resulting in increased F-actin levels at the plasma membrane. sEVs from cells with loss or reduced expression of PRKD1 had altered content, and injection of these sEVs into mice increased metastasis of xenograft tumors to lung, compared with sEVs from pancreatic cells that expressed PRKD1. PRKD1-deficient pancreatic cancer cells showed increased loading of integrin α6β4 into sEVs-a process that required CD82. CONCLUSIONS Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has reduced levels of PRKD1 compared with nontumor pancreatic tissues. Loss of PRKD1 results in reduced phosphorylation of cortactin in pancreatic cancer cell lines, resulting in increased in F-actin at the plasma membrane and increased release of sEVs, with altered content. These sEVs promote metastasis of xenograft and pancreatic tumors to lung in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Armacki
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra Polaschek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Mareen Morawe
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claudia Ruhland
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - André Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Umesh Tharehalli
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Steup
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yasin Bektas
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johann M Kraus
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephan Kruger
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Ormanns
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Leightner AC, Mello Guimaraes Meyers C, Evans MD, Mansky KC, Gopalakrishnan R, Jensen ED. Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation at Multiple Stages by Protein Kinase D Family Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031056. [PMID: 32033440 PMCID: PMC7036879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Balanced osteoclast and osteoblast activity is necessary for skeletal health, whereas unbalanced osteoclast activity causes bone loss in many skeletal conditions. A better understanding of pathways that regulate osteoclast differentiation and activity is necessary for the development of new therapies to better manage bone resorption. The roles of Protein Kinase D (PKD) family of serine/threonine kinases in osteoclasts have not been well characterized. In this study we use immunofluorescence analysis to reveal that PKD2 and PKD3, the isoforms expressed in osteoclasts, are found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, the mitotic spindle and midbody, and in association with the actin belt. We show that PKD inhibitors CRT0066101 and CID755673 inhibit several distinct aspects of osteoclast formation. Treating bone marrow macrophages with lower doses of the PKD inhibitors had little effect on M-CSF + RANKL-dependent induction into committed osteoclast precursors, but inhibited their motility and subsequent differentiation into multinucleated mature osteoclasts, whereas higher doses of the PKD inhibitors induced apoptosis of the preosteoclasts. Treating post-fusion multinucleated osteoclasts with the inhibitors disrupted the osteoclast actin belts and impaired their resorptive activity. In conclusion, these data implicate PKD kinases as positive regulators of osteoclasts, which are essential for multiple distinct processes throughout their formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Leightner
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Carina Mello Guimaraes Meyers
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael D. Evans
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kim C. Mansky
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rajaram Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eric D. Jensen
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-612-626-4159
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Weeber F, Becher A, Seibold T, Seufferlein T, Eiseler T. Concerted regulation of actin polymerization during constitutive secretion by cortactin and PKD2. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.232355. [PMID: 31727638 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive secretion from the trans-Golgi-network (TGN) is facilitated by a concerted regulation of vesicle biogenesis and fission processes. The protein kinase D family (PKD) has been previously described to enhance vesicle fission by modifying the lipid environment. PKD also phosphorylates the actin regulatory protein cortactin at S298 to impair synergistic actin polymerization. We here report additional functions for PKD2 (also known as PRKD2) and cortactin in the regulation of actin polymerization during the fission of transport carriers from the TGN. Phosphorylation of cortactin at S298 impairs the interaction between WIP (also known as WIPF1) and cortactin. WIP stabilizes the autoinhibited conformation of N-WASP (also known as WASL). This leads to an inhibition of synergistic Arp2/3-complex-dependent actin polymerization at the TGN. PKD2 activity at the TGN is controlled by active CDC42-GTP which directly activates N-WASP, inhibits PKD2 and shifts the balance to non-S298-phosphorylated cortactin, which can in turn sequester WIP from N-WASP. Consequently, synergistic actin polymerization at the TGN and constitutive secretion are enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Weeber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Becher
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Seibold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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11
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Laurentino TDS, Soares RDS, Marie SKN, Oba-Shinjo SM. LOXL3 Function Beyond Amino Oxidase and Role in Pathologies, Including Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143587. [PMID: 31340433 PMCID: PMC6678131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase like 3 (LOXL3) is a copper-dependent amine oxidase responsible for the crosslinking of collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix. LOXL3 belongs to a family including other members: LOX, LOXL1, LOXL2, and LOXL4. Autosomal recessive mutations are rare and described in patients with Stickler syndrome, early-onset myopia and non-syndromic cleft palate. Along with an essential function in embryonic development, multiple biological functions have been attributed to LOXL3 in various pathologies related to amino oxidase activity. Additionally, various novel roles have been described for LOXL3, such as the oxidation of fibronectin in myotendinous junction formation, and of deacetylation and deacetylimination activities of STAT3 to control of inflammatory response. In tumors, three distinct roles were described: (1) LOXL3 interacts with SNAIL and contributes to proliferation and metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells; (2) LOXL3 is localized predominantly in the nucleus associated with invasion and poor gastric cancer prognosis; (3) LOXL3 interacts with proteins involved in DNA stability and mitosis completion, contributing to melanoma progression and sustained proliferation. Here we review the structure, function and activity of LOXL3 in normal and pathological conditions and discuss the potential of LOXL3 as a therapeutic target in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita de S Laurentino
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology (LIM 15), Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Roseli da S Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology (LIM 15), Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Suely K N Marie
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology (LIM 15), Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Sueli M Oba-Shinjo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology (LIM 15), Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
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12
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Rajamani K, Thirugnanasambandan SS. Polyphenols from brown alga, Padina boergesenii (Allendar & Kraft) decelerates renal cancer growth involving cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in renal carcinoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:1135-1142. [PMID: 30126067 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In our previous work, we assessed the ameliorative effect of crude extract from Padina boergesenii. In this report, we have extended these study by fractionating the methanol extract with methanol:ethylacetate (1:3,v/v) (MME-F) and assessed the cytotoxic effect of MME-F fraction in human renal carcinoma cell lines (A498 and ACHN). The fraction had time-and dose-dependent inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, migration with deceleration of cancer growth at EC50 -22.73 μg in A498 and 26.43 μg in ACHN cells. Cells treated at EC50 value 25 μg displayed twofold greater ability to induce early and late stage of apoptosis. The cells treated with polyphenolic fraction (MME-F) induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. HPLC/DAD chromatographic procedures quantified polyphenols from active fraction (MME-F). These data revealed the functional activity of polyphenols from brown alga, P. boergesenii as a potent inhibitor of cancer proliferation with induction of apoptosis, it suggest their applicability in preventing cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Rajamani
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
- WHO Collaborating Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, ICMR Center for Air Quality, Climate and Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Azoitei N, Cobbaut M, Becher A, Van Lint J, Seufferlein T. Protein kinase D2: a versatile player in cancer biology. Oncogene 2017; 37:1263-1278. [PMID: 29259300 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D2 (PKD2) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the PKD family of calcium-calmodulin kinases, which comprises three isoforms: PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3. PKD2 is activated by many stimuli including growth factors, phorbol esters, and G-protein-coupled receptor agonists. PKD2 participation to uncontrolled growth, survival, neovascularization, metastasis, and invasion has been documented in various tumor types including pancreatic, colorectal, gastric, hepatic, lung, prostate, and breast cancer, as well as glioma multiforme and leukemia. This review discusses the versatile functions of PKD2 from the perspective of cancer hallmarks as described by Hanahan and Weinberg. The PKD2 status, signaling pathways affected in different tumor types and the molecular mechanisms that lead to tumorigenesis and tumor progression are presented. The latest developments of small-molecule inhibitors selective for PKD/PKD2, as well as the need for further chemotherapies that prevent, slow down, or eliminate tumors are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninel Azoitei
- Center for Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Mathias Cobbaut
- Laboratory for Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Johan Van Lint
- Laboratory for Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Lee JH, Jung SM, Yang KM, Bae E, Ahn SG, Park JS, Seo D, Kim M, Ha J, Lee J, Kim JH, Kim JH, Ooshima A, Park J, Shin D, Lee YS, Lee S, van Loo G, Jeong J, Kim SJ, Park SH. A20 promotes metastasis of aggressive basal-like breast cancers through multi-monoubiquitylation of Snail1. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1260-1273. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Wood BM, Bossuyt J. Emergency Spatiotemporal Shift: The Response of Protein Kinase D to Stress Signals in the Cardiovascular System. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:9. [PMID: 28174535 PMCID: PMC5258689 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Kinase D isoforms (PKD 1-3) are key mediators of neurohormonal, oxidative, and metabolic stress signals. PKDs impact a wide variety of signaling pathways and cellular functions including actin dynamics, vesicle trafficking, cell motility, survival, contractility, energy substrate utilization, and gene transcription. PKD activity is also increasingly linked to cancer, immune regulation, pain modulation, memory, angiogenesis, and cardiovascular disease. This increasing complexity and diversity of PKD function, highlights the importance of tight spatiotemporal control of the kinase via protein–protein interactions, post-translational modifications or targeting via scaffolding proteins. In this review, we focus on the spatiotemporal regulation and effects of PKD signaling in response to neurohormonal, oxidant and metabolic signals that have implications for myocardial disease. Precise targeting of these mechanisms will be crucial in the design of PKD-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent M Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis CA, USA
| | - Julie Bossuyt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis CA, USA
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16
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Merzoug-Larabi M, Spasojevic C, Eymard M, Hugonin C, Auclair C, Karam M. Protein kinase C inhibitor Gö6976 but not Gö6983 induces the reversion of E- to N-cadherin switch and metastatic phenotype in melanoma: identification of the role of protein kinase D1. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:12. [PMID: 28056869 PMCID: PMC5217271 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-3007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is a highly metastatic type of cancer that is resistant to all standard anticancer therapies and thus has a poor prognosis. Therefore, metastatic melanoma represents a significant clinical problem and requires novel and effective targeted therapies. The protein kinase C (PKC) family comprises multiple isoforms of serine/threonine kinases that possess distinct roles in cancer development and progression. In this study, we determined whether inhibition of PKC could revert a major process required for melanoma progression and metastasis; i.e. the E- to N-cadherin switch. Methods The cadherin switch was analyzed in different patient-derived primary tumors and their respective metastatic melanoma cells to determine the appropriate cellular model (aggressive E-cadherin-negative/N-cadherin-positive metastasis-derived melanoma cells). Next, PKC inhibition in two selected metastatic melanoma cell lines, was performed by using either pharmacological inhibitors (Gö6976 and Gö6983) or stable lentiviral shRNA transduction. The expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin was determined by western blot. The consequences of cadherin switch reversion were analyzed: cell morphology, intercellular interactions, and β-catenin subcellular localization were analyzed by immunofluorescence labeling and confocal microscopy; cyclin D1 expression was analyzed by western blot; cell metastatic potential was determined by anchorage-independent growth assay using methylcellulose as semi-solid medium and cell migration potential by wound healing and transwell assays. Results Gö6976 but not Gö6983 reversed the E- to N-cadherin switch and as a consequence induced intercellular interactions, profound morphological changes from elongated mesenchymal-like to cuboidal epithelial-like shape, β-catenin translocation from the nucleus to the plasma membrane inhibiting its oncogenic function, and reverting the metastatic potential of the aggressive melanoma cells. Comparison of the target spectrum of these inhibitors indicated that these observations were not the consequence of the inhibition of conventional PKCs (cPKCs), but allowed the identification of a novel serine/threonine kinase, i.e. protein kinase Cμ, also known as protein kinase D1 (PKD1), whose specific inhibition allows the reversion of the metastatic phenotype in aggressive melanoma. Conclusion In conclusion, our study suggests, for the first time, that while cPKCs don’t embody a pertinent therapeutic target, inhibition of PKD1 represents a novel attractive approach for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-3007-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Spasojevic
- LBPA, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, 94235, France.,Département de Génétique, Institut Curie, Unité de Pharmacogénomique, Paris, 75248, France
| | - Marianne Eymard
- LBPA, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, 94235, France
| | - Caroline Hugonin
- LBPA, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, 94235, France
| | - Christian Auclair
- LBPA, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, 94235, France
| | - Manale Karam
- LBPA, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, 94235, France. .,Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 5825, Qatar.
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17
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Perkhofer L, Walter K, Costa IG, Carrasco MCR, Eiseler T, Hafner S, Genze F, Zenke M, Bergmann W, Illing A, Hohwieler M, Köhntop R, Lin Q, Holzmann KH, Seufferlein T, Wagner M, Liebau S, Hermann PC, Kleger A, Müller M. Tbx3 fosters pancreatic cancer growth by increased angiogenesis and activin/nodal-dependent induction of stemness. Stem Cell Res 2016; 17:367-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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18
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Sroka R, Van Lint J, Katz SF, Schneider MR, Kleger A, Paschke S, Seufferlein T, Eiseler T. Cortactin is a scaffolding platform for the E-cadherin adhesion complex and is regulated by protein kinase D1 phosphorylation. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2416-29. [PMID: 27179075 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.184721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of cell-cell adhesion by the coordinated formation and dissolution of E-cadherin-based adherens junctions is crucial for tissue homeostasis. The actin-binding protein cortactin interacts with E-cadherin and enables F-actin accumulation at adherens junctions. Here, we were interested to study the broader functional interactions of cortactin in adhesion complexes. In line with literature, we demonstrate that cortactin binds to E-cadherin, and that a posttranslational modification of cortactin, RhoA-induced phosphorylation by protein kinase D1 (PKD1; also known as PRKD1) at S298, impairs adherens junction assembly and supports their dissolution. Two new S298-phosphorylation-dependent interactions were also identified, namely, that phosphorylation of cortactin decreases its interaction with β-catenin and the actin-binding protein vinculin. In addition, binding of vinculin to β-catenin, as well as linkage of vinculin to F-actin, are also significantly compromised upon phosphorylation of cortactin. Accordingly, we found that regulation of cell-cell adhesion by phosphorylation of cortactin downstream of RhoA and PKD1 is vitally dependent on vinculin-mediated protein interactions. Thus, cortactin, unexpectedly, is an important integration node for the dynamic regulation of protein complexes during breakdown and formation of adherens junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sroka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Johan Van Lint
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N1 - Herestraat 49 bus 901, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Fee Katz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- Department for Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, LMU Munich, Gene Center, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Stephan Paschke
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89081, Germany
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19
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Tsutsuki H, Yahiro K, Ogura K, Ichimura K, Iyoda S, Ohnishi M, Nagasawa S, Seto K, Moss J, Noda M. Subtilase cytotoxin produced by locus of enterocyte effacement-negative Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli induces stress granule formation. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1024-40. [PMID: 26749168 PMCID: PMC10068837 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) is mainly produced by locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-negative strains of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC). SubAB cleaves an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, BiP/Grp78, leading to induction of ER stress. This stress causes activation of ER stress sensor proteins and induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis. We found that SubAB induces stress granules (SG) in various cells. Aim of this study was to explore the mechanism by which SubAB induced SG formation. Here, we show that SubAB-induced SG formation is regulated by activation of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). The culture supernatant of STEC O113:H21 dramatically induced SG in Caco2 cells, although subAB knockout STEC O113:H21 culture supernatant did not. Treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, and lysosomal inhibitors, NH4 Cl and chloroquine, suppressed SubAB-induced SG formation, which was enhanced by PKC and PKD inhibitors. SubAB attenuated the level of PKD1 phosphorylation. Depletion of PKCδ and PKD1 by siRNA promoted SG formation in response to SubAB. Furthermore, death-associated protein 1 (DAP1) knockdown increased basal phospho-PKD1(S916) and suppressed SG formation by SubAB. However, SG formation by an ER stress inducer, Thapsigargin, was not inhibited in PMA-treated cells. Our findings show that SubAB-induced SG formation is regulated by the PERK/DAP1 signalling pathway, which may be modulated by PKCδ/PKD1, and different from the signal transduction pathway that results in Thapsigargin-induced SG formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Tsutsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kinnosuke Yahiro
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogura
- Pathogenic Microbe Laboratory, Research Institute, National Centre for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Ichimura
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sunao Iyoda
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagasawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuko Seto
- Division of Bacteriology, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Joel Moss
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Masatoshi Noda
- Department of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Díaz VM, de Herreros AG. F-box proteins: Keeping the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in check. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 36:71-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Eiseler T, Wille C, Koehler C, Illing A, Seufferlein T. Protein Kinase D2 Assembles a Multiprotein Complex at the Trans-Golgi Network to Regulate Matrix Metalloproteinase Secretion. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:462-77. [PMID: 26507660 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicle formation and fission are tightly regulated at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) during constitutive secretion. Two major protein families regulate these processes: members of the adenosyl-ribosylation factor family of small G-proteins (ARFs) and the protein kinase D (PKD) family of serine/threonine kinases. The functional relationship between these two key regulators of protein transport from the TGN so far is elusive. We here demonstrate the assembly of a novel functional protein complex at the TGN and its key members: cytosolic PKD2 binds ARF-like GTPase (ARL1) and shuttles ARL1 to the TGN. ARL1, in turn, localizes Arfaptin2 to the TGN. At the TGN, where PKD2 interacts with active ARF1, PKD2, and ARL1 are required for the assembly of a complex comprising of ARF1 and Arfaptin2 leading to secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -7. In conclusion, our data indicate that PKD2 is a core factor in the formation of this multiprotein complex at the TGN that controls constitutive secretion of matrix metalloproteinase cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Eiseler
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert Einstein Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany and
| | - Christoph Wille
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert Einstein Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany and
| | - Conny Koehler
- the Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube, Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anett Illing
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert Einstein Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany and
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert Einstein Allee 23, D-89081 Ulm, Germany and
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22
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Kourtidis A, Ngok SP, Pulimeno P, Feathers RW, Carpio LR, Baker TR, Carr JM, Yan IK, Borges S, Perez EA, Storz P, Copland JA, Patel T, Thompson EA, Citi S, Anastasiadis PZ. Distinct E-cadherin-based complexes regulate cell behaviour through miRNA processing or Src and p120 catenin activity. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1145-57. [PMID: 26302406 PMCID: PMC4975377 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin and p120 catenin (p120) are essential for epithelial homeostasis, but can also exert pro-tumorigenic activities. Here, we resolve this apparent paradox by identifying two spatially and functionally distinct junctional complexes in non-transformed polarized epithelial cells: one growth suppressing at the apical zonula adherens (ZA), defined by the p120 partner PLEKHA7 and a non-nuclear subset of the core microprocessor components DROSHA and DGCR8, and one growth promoting at basolateral areas of cell-cell contact containing tyrosine-phosphorylated p120 and active Src. Recruitment of DROSHA and DGCR8 to the ZA is PLEKHA7 dependent. The PLEKHA7-microprocessor complex co-precipitates with primary microRNAs (pri-miRNAs) and possesses pri-miRNA processing activity. PLEKHA7 regulates the levels of select miRNAs, in particular processing of miR-30b, to suppress expression of cell transforming markers promoted by the basolateral complex, including SNAI1, MYC and CCND1. Our work identifies a mechanism through which adhesion complexes regulate cellular behaviour and reveals their surprising association with the microprocessor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Kourtidis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Siu P. Ngok
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Pamela Pulimeno
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Ryan W. Feathers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Lomeli R. Carpio
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Tiffany R. Baker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Carr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Irene K. Yan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Sahra Borges
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Edith A. Perez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - John A. Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Tushar Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - E. Aubrey Thompson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Sandra Citi
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Panos Z. Anastasiadis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
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Müller M, Schröer J, Azoitei N, Eiseler T, Bergmann W, Köhntop R, Lin Q, Costa IG, Zenke M, Genze F, Weidgang C, Seufferlein T, Liebau S, Kleger A. A time frame permissive for Protein Kinase D2 activity to direct angiogenesis in mouse embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11742. [PMID: 26148697 PMCID: PMC4493579 DOI: 10.1038/srep11742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase D isoenzymes PKD1/2/3 are prominent downstream targets of PKCs (Protein Kinase Cs) and phospholipase D in various biological systems. Recently, we identified PKD isoforms as novel mediators of tumour cell-endothelial cell communication, tumour cell motility and metastasis. Although PKD isoforms have been implicated in physiological/tumour angiogenesis, a role of PKDs during embryonic development, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis still remains elusive. We investigated the role of PKDs in germ layer segregation and subsequent vasculogenesis and angiogenesis using mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We show that mouse ESCs predominantly express PKD2 followed by PKD3 while PKD1 displays negligible levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PKD2 is specifically phosphorylated/activated at the time of germ layer segregation. Time-restricted PKD2-activation limits mesendoderm formation and subsequent cardiovasculogenesis during early differentiation while leading to branching angiogenesis during late differentiation. In line, PKD2 loss-of-function analyses showed induction of mesendodermal differentiation in expense of the neuroectodermal germ layer. Our in vivo findings demonstrate that embryoid bodies transplanted on chicken chorioallantoic membrane induced an angiogenic response indicating that timed overexpression of PKD2 from day 4 onwards leads to augmented angiogenesis in differentiating ESCs. Taken together, our results describe novel and time-dependent facets of PKD2 during early cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Schröer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wendy Bergmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralf Köhntop
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Qiong Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- IZKF Computational Biology Research Group, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Clair Weidgang
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Borges S, Perez EA, Thompson EA, Radisky DC, Geiger XJ, Storz P. Effective Targeting of Estrogen Receptor-Negative Breast Cancers with the Protein Kinase D Inhibitor CRT0066101. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1306-16. [PMID: 25852060 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) of the breast are associated with altered expression of hormone receptors (HR), amplification or overexpression of HER2, or a triple-negative phenotype. The most aggressive cases of IDC are characterized by a high proliferation rate, a great propensity to metastasize, and their ability to resist to standard chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or HER2-targeted therapy. Using progression tissue microarrays, we here demonstrate that the serine/threonine kinase protein kinase D3 (PKD3) is highly upregulated in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (ER(-)) tumors. We identify direct binding of the ER to the PRKD3 gene promoter as a mechanism of inhibition of PKD3 expression. Loss of ER results in upregulation of PKD3, leading to all hallmarks of aggressive IDC, including increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. This identifies ER(-) breast cancers as ideal for treatment with the PKD inhibitor CRT0066101. We show that similar to a knockdown of PKD3, treatment with this inhibitor targets all tumorigenic processes in vitro and decreases growth of primary tumors and metastasis in vivo. Our data strongly support the development of PKD inhibitors for clinical use for ER(-) breast cancers, including the triple-negative phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahra Borges
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Edith A Perez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida. Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
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Karam M, Bièche I, Legay C, Vacher S, Auclair C, Ricort JM. Protein kinase D1 regulates ERα-positive breast cancer cell growth response to 17β-estradiol and contributes to poor prognosis in patients. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:2536-52. [PMID: 25287328 PMCID: PMC4302658 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
About 70% of human breast cancers express and are dependent for growth on estrogen receptor α (ERα), and therefore are sensitive to antiestrogen therapies. However, progression to an advanced, more aggressive phenotype is associated with acquisition of resistance to antiestrogens and/or invasive potential. In this study, we highlight the role of the serine/threonine-protein kinase D1 (PKD1) in ERα-positive breast cancers. Growth of ERα-positive MCF-7 and MDA-MB-415 human breast cancer cells was assayed in adherent or anchorage-independent conditions in cells overexpressing or depleted for PKD1. PKD1 induces cell growth through both an ERα-dependent manner, by increasing ERα expression and cell sensitivity to 17β-estradiol, and an ERα-independent manner, by reducing cell dependence to estrogens and conferring partial resistance to antiestrogen ICI 182,780. PKD1 knockdown in MDA-MB-415 cells strongly reduced estrogen-dependent and independent invasion. Quantification of PKD1 mRNA levels in 38 cancerous and non-cancerous breast cell lines and in 152 ERα-positive breast tumours from patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen showed an association between PKD1 and ERα expression in 76.3% (29/38) of the breast cell lines tested and a strong correlation between PKD1 expression and invasiveness (P < 0.0001). In tamoxifen-treated patients, tumours with high PKD1 mRNA levels (n = 77, 50.66%) were significantly associated with less metastasis-free survival than tumours with low PKD1 mRNA expression (n = 75, 49.34%; P = 0.031). Moreover, PKD1 mRNA levels are strongly positively associated with EGFR and vimentin levels (P < 0.0000001). Thus, our study defines PKD1 as a novel attractive prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manale Karam
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pharmacologie Appliquée, UMR 8113 CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Cachan, France
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26
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Zheng H, Shen M, Zha YL, Li W, Wei Y, Blanco MA, Ren G, Zhou T, Storz P, Wang HY, Kang Y. PKD1 phosphorylation-dependent degradation of SNAIL by SCF-FBXO11 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Cancer Cell 2014; 26:358-373. [PMID: 25203322 PMCID: PMC4159622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination is often initiated by the reactivation of an embryonic development program referred to as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The transcription factor SNAIL promotes EMT and elicits associated pathological characteristics such as invasion, metastasis, and stemness. To better understand the posttranslational regulation of SNAIL, we performed a luciferase-based, genome-wide E3 ligase siRNA library screen and identified SCF-FBXO11 as an important E3 that targets SNAIL for ubiquitylation and degradation. Furthermore, we discovered that SNAIL degradation by FBXO11 is dependent on Ser-11 phosphorylation of SNAIL by protein kinase D1 (PKD1). FBXO11 blocks SNAIL-induced EMT, tumor initiation, and metastasis in multiple breast cancer models. These findings establish the PKD1-FBXO11-SNAIL axis as a mechanism of posttranslational regulation of EMT and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqiu Zheng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Minhong Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Program of Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yin-Lian Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mario Andres Blanco
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guangwen Ren
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Program of Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Griffin Building, Room 306, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Hui-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Genomic Instability and Tumor Progression Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
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Wille C, Seufferlein T, Eiseler T. Protein Kinase D family kinases: roads start to segregate. BIOARCHITECTURE 2014; 4:111-5. [PMID: 24847910 PMCID: PMC4201600 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.29273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly invasive pancreatic tumors are often recognized in late stages due to a lack of clear symptoms and pose major challenges for treatment and disease management. Broad-band Protein Kinase D (PKD) inhibitors have recently been proposed as additional treatment option for this disease. PKDs are implicated in the control of cancer cell motility, angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis. In particular, PKD2 expression is elevated in pancreatic cancer, whereas PKD1 expression is comparably lower. In our recent study we report that both kinases control PDAC cell invasive properties in an isoform-specific, but opposing manner. PKD1 selectively mediates anti-migratory/anti-invasive features by preferential regulation of the actin-regulatory Cofilin-phosphatase Slingshot1L (SSH1L). PKD2, on the other hand enhances invasion and angiogenesis of PDAC cells in 3D-ECM cultures and chorioallantois tumor models by stimulating expression and secretion of matrix-metalloproteinase 7 and 9 (MMP7/9). MMP9 also enhances PKD2-mediated tumor angiogenesis releasing extracellular matrix-bound VEGF-A. We thus suggest high PKD2 expression and loss of PKD1 may be beneficial for tumor cells to enhance their matrix-invading abilities. In our recent study we demonstrate for the first time PKD1 and 2 isoform-selective effects on pancreatic cancer cell invasion, in-vitro and in-vivo, defining isoform-specific regulation of PKDs as a major future issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wille
- Department of Internal Medicine I; Ulm University; Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I; Ulm University; Ulm, Germany
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Díaz VM, Viñas-Castells R, García de Herreros A. Regulation of the protein stability of EMT transcription factors. Cell Adh Migr 2014; 8:418-28. [PMID: 25482633 PMCID: PMC4594480 DOI: 10.4161/19336918.2014.969998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) consists of a rapid change of cell phenotype, characterized by the loss of epithelial characteristics and the acquisition of a more invasive phenotype. Transcription factors regulating EMT (Snail, Twist and Zeb) are extremely labile proteins, rapidly degraded by the proteasome system. In this review we analyze the current mechanisms controlling degradation of EMT transcription factors, focusing on the role of new E3 ubiquitin-ligases involved in EMT. We also summarize the regulation of the stability of these EMT transcription factors, specially observed in different stress conditions, such as hypoxia, chemotherapeutic drugs, oxidative stress or γ-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- VM Díaz
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM); Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona; Doctor Aiguader; Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Barcelona, Spain
- Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Viñas-Castells
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM); Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona; Doctor Aiguader; Barcelona, Spain
| | - A García de Herreros
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM); Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona; Doctor Aiguader; Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Barcelona, Spain
- Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Wille C, Köhler C, Armacki M, Jamali A, Gössele U, Pfizenmaier K, Seufferlein T, Eiseler T. Protein kinase D2 induces invasion of pancreatic cancer cells by regulating matrix metalloproteinases. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 25:324-36. [PMID: 24336522 PMCID: PMC3907273 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-06-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D2 (PKD2) expression is up-regulated in pancreatic cancer. PKD1 expression is low. Both kinases differentially control pancreatic cancer cell invasion. PKD2 enhances invasion and angiogenesis in 3D ECM, as well as in chorioallantois membrane models, by stimulating expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 7/9. Pancreatic cancer cell invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis are major challenges for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Protein kinase D (PKD) isoforms are involved in controlling tumor cell motility, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In particular PKD2 expression is up-regulated in pancreatic cancer, whereas PKD1 expression is lowered. We report that both kinases control pancreatic cancer cell invasive properties in an isoform-specific manner. PKD2 enhances invasion in three-dimensional extracellular matrix (3D-ECM) cultures by stimulating expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases 7 and 9 (MMP7/9), by which MMP7 is likely to act upstream of MMP9. Knockdown of MMP7/9 blocks PKD2-mediated invasion in 3D-ECM assays and in vivo using tumors growing on chorioallantois membranes. Furthermore, MMP9 enhances PKD2-mediated tumor angiogenesis by releasing extracellular matrix–bound vascular endothelial growth factor A, increasing its bioavailability and angiogenesis. Of interest, specific knockdown of PKD1 in PKD2-expressing pancreatic cancer cells further enhanced the invasive properties in 3D-ECM systems by generating a high-motility phenotype. Loss of PKD1 thus may be beneficial for tumor cells to enhance their matrix-invading abilities. In conclusion, we define for the first time PKD1 and 2 isoform–selective effects on pancreatic cancer cell invasion and angiogenesis, in vitro and in vivo, addressing PKD isoform specificity as a major factor for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wille
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, D-89081 Ulm, Germany Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany Institute for Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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30
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Borges S, Döppler H, Perez EA, Andorfer CA, Sun Z, Anastasiadis PZ, Thompson E, Geiger XJ, Storz P. Pharmacologic reversion of epigenetic silencing of the PRKD1 promoter blocks breast tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R66. [PMID: 23971832 PMCID: PMC4052945 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA methylation-induced silencing of genes encoding tumor suppressors is common in many types of cancer, but little is known about how such epigenetic silencing can contribute to tumor metastasis. The PRKD1 gene encodes protein kinase D1 (PKD1), a serine/threonine kinase that is expressed in cells of the normal mammary gland, where it maintains the epithelial phenotype by preventing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. METHODS The status of PRKD1 promoter methylation was analyzed by reduced representation bisulfite deep sequencing, methylation-specific PCR (MSP-PCR) and in situ MSP-PCR in invasive and noninvasive breast cancer lines, as well as in humans in 34 cases of "normal" tissue, 22 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ, 22 cases of estrogen receptor positive, HER2-negative (ER+/HER2-) invasive lobular carcinoma, 43 cases of ER+/HER2- invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), 93 cases of HER2+ IDC and 96 cases of triple-negative IDC. A reexpression strategy using the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine was used in vitro in MDA-MB-231 cells as well as in vivo in a tumor xenograft model and measured by RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The effect of PKD1 reexpression on cell invasion was analyzed in vitro by transwell invasion assay. Tumor growth and metastasis were monitored in vivo using the IVIS Spectrum Pre-clinical In Vivo Imaging System. RESULTS Herein we show that the gene promoter of PRKD1 is aberrantly methylated and silenced in its expression in invasive breast cancer cells and during breast tumor progression, increasing with the aggressiveness of tumors. Using an animal model, we show that reversion of PRKD1 promoter methylation with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine restores PKD1 expression and blocks tumor spread and metastasis to the lung in a PKD1-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the status of epigenetic regulation of the PRKD1 promoter can provide valid information on the invasiveness of breast tumors and therefore could serve as an early diagnostic marker. Moreover, targeted upregulation of PKD1 expression may be used as a therapeutic approach to reverse the invasive phenotype of breast cancer cells.
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Identification and validation of a multigene predictor of recurrence in primary laryngeal cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70429. [PMID: 23950933 PMCID: PMC3739775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Local recurrence is the major manifestation of treatment failure in patients with operable laryngeal carcinoma. Established clinicopathological factors cannot sufficiently predict patients that are likely to recur after treatment. Additional tools are therefore required to accurately identify patients at high risk for recurrence. This study attempts to identify and independently validate gene expression models, prognostic of disease-free survival (DFS) in operable laryngeal cancer. Materials and Methods Using Affymetrix U133A Genechips, we profiled fresh-frozen tumor tissues from 66 patients with laryngeal cancer treated locally with surgery. We applied Cox regression proportional hazards modeling to identify multigene predictors of recurrence. Gene models were then validated in two independent cohorts of 54 and 187 patients (fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed tissue validation sets, respectively). Results We focused on genes univariately associated with DFS (p<0.01) in the training set. Among several models comprising different numbers of genes, a 30-probe set model demonstrated optimal performance in both the training (log-rank, p<0.001) and 1st validation (p = 0.010) sets. Specifically, in the 1st validation set, median DFS as predicted by the 30-probe set model, was 34 and 80 months for high- and low-risk patients, respectively. Hazard ratio (HR) for recurrence in the high-risk group was 3.87 (95% CI 1.28–11.73, Wald's p = 0.017). Testing the expression of selected genes from the above model in the 2nd validation set, with qPCR, revealed significant associations of single markers, such as ACE2, FLOT1 and PRKD1, with patient DFS. High PRKD1 remained an unfavorable prognostic marker upon multivariate analysis (HR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.28–3.14, p = 0.002) along with positive nodal status. Conclusions We have established and validated gene models that can successfully stratify patients with laryngeal cancer, based on their risk for recurrence. It seems worthy to prospectively validate PRKD1 expression as a laryngeal cancer prognostic marker, for routine clinical applications.
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Xu ZH, Hang JB, Hu JA, Gao BL. RAF1-MEK1-ERK/AKT axis may confer NSCLC cell lines resistance to erlotinib. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 6:1493-1504. [PMID: 23923067 PMCID: PMC3726964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The fact that advanced NSCLC patients with wild type (wt) EGFR can benefit from erlotinib therapy makes it critical to find out biomarkers for effective selection of patients and improving the therapy effects. In present study, 3 NSCLC cell lines (U1752, Calu-6 and NCI-H292) with wt EGFR and different sensitivities to erlotinib were used for microarray analysis. The differential basal gene expression between 2 NSCLC cell lines was analyzed, about 353 genes were expression-altered with higher than 2-fold changes between Calu-6 and U1752. And Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed that these genes were mainly enriched in regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway, Wnt-β catenin signaling, Tec kinase signaling and some types of cancer-related signaling. More interestingly, RAF1 (c-raf), MAP2K1 (MEK1), SNAI and downstream signaling molecules ERK and AKT were predicted to be activated in erlotinib-resistant cell line by IPA. Subsequent immunoblotting experiments showed that the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT were exactly increased stepwise from erlotinib sensitive cell line to erlotinib resistant cell lines. Collectively, activation of RAF1-MEK1-ERK/AKT axis may determine the resistance of NSCLC cell lines bearing wt EGFR to erlotinib. Our work provides potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NSCLC patients harboring wt EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jun-Biao Hang
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jia-An Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Bei-Li Gao
- Department of Respiratory, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong UniversityShanghai, China
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Naydenov NG, Baranwal S, Khan S, Feygin A, Gupta P, Ivanov AI. Novel mechanism of cytokine-induced disruption of epithelial barriers: Janus kinase and protein kinase D-dependent downregulation of junction protein expression. Tissue Barriers 2013; 1:e25231. [PMID: 24665409 PMCID: PMC3783224 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.25231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ductal epithelium plays a key role in physiological secretion of pancreatic enzymes into the digestive system. Loss of barrier properties of the pancreatic duct may contribute to the development of pancreatitis and metastatic dissemination of pancreatic tumors. Proinflammatory cytokines are essential mediators of pancreatic inflammation and tumor progression; however, their effects on the integrity and barrier properties of the ductal epithelium have not been previously addressed. In the present study, we investigate mechanisms of cytokine-induced disassembly of tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs) in a model pancreatic epithelium. Exposure of HPAF-II human pancreatic epithelial cell monolayers to interferon (IFN)γ disrupted integrity and function of apical junctions as manifested by increased epithelial permeability and cytosolic translocation of AJ and TJ proteins. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α potentiated the effects of IFNγ on pancreatic epithelial junctions. The cytokine-induced increase in epithelial permeability and AJ/TJ disassembly was attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of Janus kinase (JAK) and protein kinase D (PKD). Loss of apical junctions in IFNγ/TNFα-treated HPAF-II cells was accompanied by JAK and PKD dependent decrease in expression of AJ (E-cadherin, p120 catenin) and TJ (occludin, ZO-1) proteins. Depletion of E-cadherin or p120 catenin recapitulated the effects of cytokines on HPAF-II cell permeability and junctions. Our data suggests that proinflammatory cytokines disrupt pancreatic epithelial barrier via expressional downregulation of key structural components of AJs and TJs. This mechanism is likely to be important for pancreatic inflammatory injury and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayden G Naydenov
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Somesh Baranwal
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Shadab Khan
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Alex Feygin
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA USA; ; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine; Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine; Richmond, VA USA ; VCU Massey Cancer Center; Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine; Richmond, VA USA
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Olayioye MA, Barisic S, Hausser A. Multi-level control of actin dynamics by protein kinase D. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1739-47. [PMID: 23688773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic actin remodeling is fundamental to processes such as cell motility, vesicle trafficking, and cytokinesis. Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine-threonine kinase known to be involved in diverse biological functions ranging from vesicle fission at the Golgi complex to regulation of cell motility and invasion. This review addresses the role of PKD in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton with a particular emphasis on the substrates associated with this function. We further highlight the multi-level control of actin dynamics by PKD and suggest that the tight spatio-temporal control of PKD activity is critical for the coordination of directed cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monilola A Olayioye
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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35
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Zheng H, Kang Y. Multilayer control of the EMT master regulators. Oncogene 2013; 33:1755-63. [PMID: 23604123 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-associated death in most tumor types. Metastatic dissemination of cancer cells from the primary tumor is believed to be initiated by the reactivation of an embryonic development program referred to as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereby epithelial cells lose apicobasal polarity and cell-cell contacts, and gain mesenchymal phenotypes with increased migratory and invasive capabilities. EMT has also been implicated in the regulation of cancer stem cell property, immune suppression and cancer regression. Several transcription factors have been identified as master regulators of EMT, including the Snail, Zeb and Twist families, and their expression is tightly regulated at different steps of transcription, translation and protein stability control by a variety of cell-intrinsic pathways as well as extracellular cues. Here, we review the recent literature on the signaling pathways and mechanisms that control the expression of these master transcription factors during EMT and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zheng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Y Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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