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Zoneff E, Wang Y, Jackson C, Smith O, Duchi S, Onofrillo C, Farrugia B, Moulton SE, Williams R, Parish C, Nisbet DR, Caballero-Aguilar LM. Controlled oxygen delivery to power tissue regeneration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4361. [PMID: 38778053 PMCID: PMC11111456 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxygen plays a crucial role in human embryogenesis, homeostasis, and tissue regeneration. Emerging engineered regenerative solutions call for novel oxygen delivery systems. To become a reality, these systems must consider physiological processes, oxygen release mechanisms and the target application. In this review, we explore the biological relevance of oxygen at both a cellular and tissue level, and the importance of its controlled delivery via engineered biomaterials and devices. Recent advances and upcoming trends in the field are also discussed with a focus on tissue-engineered constructs that could meet metabolic demands to facilitate regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Zoneff
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yi Wang
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin Jackson
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Oliver Smith
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carmine Onofrillo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brooke Farrugia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon E Moulton
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Williams
- IMPACT, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare Parish
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Lilith M Caballero-Aguilar
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Hejnova L, Hronova A, Drastichova Z, Novotny J. Long-term administration of morphine specifically alters the level of protein expression in different brain regions and affects the redox state. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220858. [PMID: 38681734 PMCID: PMC11049758 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the changes in redox state and protein expression in selected parts of the rat brain induced by a 4 week administration of morphine (10 mg/kg/day). We found a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation that mostly persisted for 1 week after morphine withdrawal. Morphine treatment led to a significant increase in complex II in the cerebral cortex (Crt), which was accompanied by increased protein carbonylation, in contrast to the other brain regions studied. Glutathione levels were altered differently in the different brain regions after morphine treatment. Using label-free quantitative proteomic analysis, we found some specific changes in protein expression profiles in the Crt, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum on the day after morphine withdrawal and 1 week later. A common feature was the upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and dysregulation of the extracellular matrix. Our results indicate that the tested protocol of morphine administration has no significant toxic effect on the rat brain. On the contrary, it led to a decrease in lipid peroxidation and activation of anti-apoptotic proteins. Furthermore, our data suggest that long-term treatment with morphine acts specifically on different brain regions and that a 1 week drug withdrawal is not sufficient to normalize cellular redox state and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Hejnova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Hronova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Drastichova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Buonfiglio F, Böhm EW, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Oxidative Stress: A Suitable Therapeutic Target for Optic Nerve Diseases? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1465. [PMID: 37508003 PMCID: PMC10376185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve disorders encompass a wide spectrum of conditions characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and subsequent degeneration of the optic nerve. The etiology of these disorders can vary significantly, but emerging research highlights the crucial role of oxidative stress, an imbalance in the redox status characterized by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in driving cell death through apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation. This review provides an overview of ROS-related processes underlying four extensively studied optic nerve diseases: glaucoma, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), and optic neuritis (ON). Furthermore, we present preclinical findings on antioxidants, with the objective of evaluating the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.W.B.); (N.P.)
| | | | | | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.W.B.); (N.P.)
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Freindorf M, Delgado AAA, Kraka E. CO bonding in hexa‐ and pentacoordinate carboxy‐neuroglobin: A quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics and local vibrational mode study. J Comput Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Freindorf
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas USA
| | | | - Elfi Kraka
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University Dallas Texas USA
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5
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Gøtzsche CR, Woldbye DPD, Hundahl CA, Hay-Schmidt A. Neuroglobin deficiency increases seizure susceptibility but does not affect basal behavior in mice. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1921-1932. [PMID: 35822521 PMCID: PMC9544565 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is found in the neurones of several different brain areas and is known to bind oxygen and other gaseous molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro, but it does not seem to act as a respiratory molecule for neurones. Using male and female Ngb‐knockout (KO) mice, we addressed the role of Ngb in neuronal brain activity using behavioral tests but found no differences in general behaviors, memory processes, and anxiety−/depression‐like behaviors. Oxidative stress and ROS play key roles in epileptogenesis, and oxidative injury produced by an excessive production of free radicals is involved in the initiation and progression of epilepsy. The ROS binding properties led us to hypothesize that lack of Ngb could affect central coping with excitatory stimuli. We consequently explored whether exposure to the excitatory molecule kainate (KA) would increase severity of seizures in mice lacking Ngb. We found that the duration and severity of seizures were increased, while the latency time to develop seizures was shortened in Ngb‐KO compared to wildtype adult female mice. Consistently, c‐fos expression after KA was significantly increased in Ngb‐KO mice in the amygdala and piriform cortex, regions rich in Ngb and known to be centrally involved in seizure generation. Moreover, the measured c‐fos expression levels were correlated with seizure susceptibility. With these new findings combined with previous studies we propose that Ngb could constitute an intrinsic defense mechanism against neuronal hyperexcitability and oxidative stress by buffering of ROS in amygdala and other Ngb‐containing brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper R Gøtzsche
- Department for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David P D Woldbye
- Department for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Hay-Schmidt
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Capacity of extracellular globins to reduce liver fibrosis via scavenging reactive oxygen species and promoting MMP-1 secretion. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102286. [PMID: 35334247 PMCID: PMC8956869 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the primary cell type in liver fibrosis, a significant global health care burden. Cytoglobin (CYGB), a globin family member expressed in HSCs, inhibits HSC activation and reduces collagen production. We studied the antifibrotic properties of globin family members hemoglobin (HB), myoglobin (MB), and neuroglobin (NGB) in comparison with CYGB. Approach & results We characterized the biological activities of globins in cultured human HSCs (HHSteCs) and their effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cirrhosis in mice. All globins demonstrated greater antioxidant capacity than glutathione in cell-free systems. Cellular fractionation revealed endocytosis of extracellular MB, NGB, and CYGB, but not HB; endocytosed globins localized to intracellular membranous, cytoplasmic, and cytoskeletal fractions. MB, NGB, and CYGB, but not HB, scavenged reactive oxygen species generated spontaneously or stimulated by H2O2 or transforming growth factor β1 in HHSteCs and reduced collagen 1A1 production via suppressing COL1A1 promoter activity. Disulfide bond-mutant NGB displayed decreased heme and superoxide scavenging activity and reduced collagen inhibitory capacity. RNA sequencing of MB- and NGB-treated HHSteCs revealed downregulation of extracellular matrix–encoding and fibrosis-related genes and HSC deactivation markers. Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 was observed following MB and NGB treatment, and MMP-1 knockdown partially reversed globin-mediated effects on secreted collagen. Importantly, administration of MB, NGB, and CYGB suppressed CCl4-induced mouse liver fibrosis. Conclusions These findings revealed unexpected roles for MB and NGB in deactivating HSCs and inhibiting liver fibrosis development, suggesting that globin therapy may represent a new strategy for combating fibrotic liver disease. Myoglobin, neuroglobin, and cytoglobin, but not hemoglobin:Internalize into human hepatic stellate cells via endocytosis pathway. Scavenge intracellular reactive oxidative species. Suppress COL1A1 promoter activity and promote matrix metaloproteinase-1 secretion. Suppress carbon tetrachloride-induced mouse liver fibrosis.
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7
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Overexpression of Neuroglobin Promotes Energy Metabolism and Autophagy Induction in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123394. [PMID: 34943907 PMCID: PMC8699457 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroglobin (NGB) is an O2-binding globin mainly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and cerebrospinal fluid. Previously, it was demonstrated that NGB overexpression protects cells from hypoxia-induced death. To investigate processes promoted by NGB overexpression, we used a cellular model of neuroblastoma stably overexpressing an NGB-FLAG construct. We used a proteomic approach to identify the specific profile following NGB overexpression. To evaluate the role of NGB overexpression in increasing energetic metabolism, we measured oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the extracellular acidification rate through Seahorse XF technology. The effect on autophagy induction was evaluated by analyzing SQSTM1/p62 and LC3-II expression. Proteomic analysis revealed several differentially regulated proteins, involved in oxidative phosphorylation and integral mitochondrial proteins linked to energy metabolism. The analysis of mitochondrial metabolism demonstrated that NGB overexpression increases mitochondrial ATP production. Indeed, NGB overexpression enhances bioenergetic metabolism, increasing OCR and oxygen consumption. Analysis of autophagy induction revealed an increase of LC3-II together with a significant decrease of SQSTM1/p62, and NGB-LC3-II association during autophagosome formation. These results highlight the active participation of NGB in several cellular processes that can be upregulated in response to NGB overexpression, playing a role in the adaptive response to stress in neuroblastoma cells.
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Solar Fernandez V, Marino M, Fiocchetti M. Neuroglobin in Retinal Neurodegeneration: A Potential Target in Therapeutic Approaches. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113200. [PMID: 34831423 PMCID: PMC8621852 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal neurodegeneration affects an increasing number of people worldwide causing vision impairments and blindness, reducing quality of life, and generating a great economic challenge. Due to the complexity of the tissue, and the diversity of retinal neurodegenerative diseases in terms of etiology and clinical presentation, so far, there are no cures and only a few early pathological markers have been identified. Increasing efforts have been made to identify and potentiate endogenous protective mechanisms or to abolish detrimental stress responses to preserve retinal structure and function. The discovering of the intracellular monomeric globin neuroglobin (NGB), found at high concentration in the retina, has opened new possibilities for the treatment of retinal disease. Indeed, the NGB capability to reversibly bind oxygen and its neuroprotective function against several types of insults including oxidative stress, ischemia, and neurodegenerative conditions have raised the interest in the possible role of the globin as oxygen supplier in the retina and as a target for retinal neurodegeneration. Here, we provide the undercurrent knowledge on NGB distribution in retinal layers and the evidence about the connection between NGB level modulation and the functional outcome in terms of retinal neuroprotection to provide a novel therapeutic/preventive target for visual pathway degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Solar Fernandez
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.S.F.); (M.M.)
- Neuroendocrinology, Metabolism, and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.S.F.); (M.M.)
- Neuroendocrinology, Metabolism, and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiocchetti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 00146 Rome, Italy; (V.S.F.); (M.M.)
- Neuroendocrinology, Metabolism, and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-5733-6455; Fax: +39-06-5733-6321
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9
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Role of Neuroglobin in the Neuroprotective Actions of Estradiol and Estrogenic Compounds. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081907. [PMID: 34440676 PMCID: PMC8391807 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estradiol exerts neuroprotective actions that are mediated by the regulation of a variety of signaling pathways and homeostatic molecules. Among these is neuroglobin, which is upregulated by estradiol and translocated to the mitochondria to sustain neuronal and glial cell adaptation to injury. In this paper, we will discuss the role of neuroglobin in the neuroprotective mechanisms elicited by estradiol acting on neurons, astrocytes and microglia. We will also consider the role of neuroglobin in the neuroprotective actions of clinically relevant synthetic steroids, such as tibolone. Finally, the possible contribution of the estrogenic regulation of neuroglobin to the generation of sex differences in brain pathology and the potential application of neuroglobin as therapy against neurological diseases will be examined.
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10
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Fiocchetti M, Cracco P, Montalesi E, Solar Fernandez V, Stuart JA, Marino M. Neuroglobin and mitochondria: The impact on neurodegenerative diseases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 701:108823. [PMID: 33675812 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional mitochondria have severe consequences on cell functions including Reactive Oxygen Specie (ROS) generation, alteration of mitochondrial signaling, Ca2+ buffering, and activation of apoptotic pathway. These dysfunctions are closely linked with degenerative diseases including neurodegeneration. The discovery of neuroglobin (NGB) as an endogenous neuroprotective protein, which effects seem to depend on its mitochondrial localization, could drive new therapeutic strategies against aged-related neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, high levels of NGB are active against several brain injuries, including neurodegeneration, hypoxia, ischemia, toxicity, and nutrient deprivation opening a new scenario in the comprehension of the relationship between neural pathologies and mitochondrial homeostasis. In this review, we provide the current understanding of the role of mitochondria in neurodegeneration and discuss structural and functional connection between NGB and mitochondria with the purpose of defining a novel mitochondrial-based neuroprotective mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fiocchetti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 446 -00146, Rome, Italy; Neuroendocrinology, Metabolism, and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Cracco
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 446 -00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Montalesi
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 446 -00146, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jeffrey A Stuart
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Brock University, St. Catharines L2S 3A1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi, 446 -00146, Rome, Italy; Neuroendocrinology, Metabolism, and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.
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de Vidania S, Palomares-Perez I, Frank-García A, Saito T, Saido TC, Draffin J, Szaruga M, Chávez-Gutierrez L, Calero M, Medina M, Guix FX, Dotti CG. Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease: Constitutive Upregulation of Neuroglobin Prevents the Initiation of Alzheimer's Pathology. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:562581. [PMID: 33343276 PMCID: PMC7744294 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.562581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, a considerable number of the autopsy samples of cognitively normal individuals aged between 57 and 102 years have revealed the presence of amyloid plaques, one of the typical signs of AD, indicating that many of us use mechanisms that defend ourselves from the toxic consequences of Aß. The human APP NL/F (hAPP NL/F) knockin mouse appears as the ideal mouse model to identify these mechanisms, since they have high Aß42 levels at an early age and moderate signs of disease when old. Here we show that in these mice, the brain levels of the hemoprotein Neuroglobin (Ngb) increase with age, in parallel with the increase in Aß42. In vitro, in wild type neurons, exogenous Aß increases the expression of Ngb and Ngb over-expression prevents Aß toxicity. In vivo, in old hAPP NL/F mice, Ngb knockdown leads to dendritic tree simplification, an early sign of Alzheimer’s disease. These results could indicate that Alzheimer’s symptoms may start developing at the time when defense mechanisms start wearing out. In agreement, analysis of plasma Ngb levels in aged individuals revealed decreased levels in those whose cognitive abilities worsened during a 5-year longitudinal follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia de Vidania
- Molecular Neuropathology, Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Palomares-Perez
- Molecular Neuropathology, Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Frank-García
- Department of Neurology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Division Neurodegenerative Disease, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jonathan Draffin
- Molecular Neuropathology, Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Szaruga
- KU Leuven Department for Neurosciences, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucía Chávez-Gutierrez
- KU Leuven Department for Neurosciences, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Miguel Calero
- CIBERNED, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, CIEN Foundation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Medina
- CIBERNED, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, CIEN Foundation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc X Guix
- Molecular Neuropathology, Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos G Dotti
- Molecular Neuropathology, Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
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Lessons from the post-genomic era: Globin diversity beyond oxygen binding and transport. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101687. [PMID: 32863222 PMCID: PMC7475203 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb) were among the first proteins whose structures and sequences were determined over 50 years ago. In the subsequent pregenomic period, numerous related proteins came to light in plants, invertebrates and bacteria, that shared the myoglobin fold, a signature sequence motif characteristic of a 3-on-3 α-helical sandwich. Concomitantly, eukaryote and bacterial globins with a truncated 2-on-2 α-helical fold were discovered. Genomic information over the last 20 years has dramatically expanded the list of known globins, demonstrating their existence in a limited number of archaeal genomes, a majority of bacterial genomes and an overwhelming majority of eukaryote genomes. In vertebrates, 6 additional globin types were identified, namely neuroglobin (Ngb), cytoglobin (Cygb), globin E (GbE), globin X (GbX), globin Y (GbY) and androglobin (Adgb). Furthermore, functions beyond the familiar oxygen transport and storage have been discovered within the vertebrate globin family, including NO metabolism, peroxidase activity, scavenging of free radicals, and signaling functions. The extension of the knowledge on globin functions suggests that the original roles of bacterial globins must have been enzymatic, involved in defense against NO toxicity, and perhaps also as sensors of O2, regulating taxis away or towards high O2 concentrations. In this review, we aimed to discuss the evolution and remarkable functional diversity of vertebrate globins with particular focus on the variety of non-canonical expression sites of mammalian globins and their according impressive variability of atypical functions.
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Solar Fernandez V, Cipolletti M, Ascenzi P, Marino M, Fiocchetti M. Neuroglobin As Key Mediator in the 17β-Estradiol-Induced Antioxidant Cell Response to Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:217-227. [PMID: 31686530 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like-2 factor (NRF-2) is a transcription factor well known to provide an advantage for cancer growth and survival regulating the cellular redox pathway. In breast cancer cells, we recently identified the monomeric heme-globin neuroglobin (NGB) as part of a new mechanism induced by the steroid hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) against oxidative stress. While there is mounting evidence suggesting a critical role of NGB as a sensor of oxidative stress, scarce information is available about its involvement in NRF-2 pathway activation in breast cancer cells. Results: Although NGB is not involved in the rapid E2-induced NRF-2 stability, E2 loses the capacity to regulate the expression of NRF-2-dependent genes in NGB-depleted MCF-7 cells. These data strongly sustain a role of NGB as a compensatory protein in the E2-activated intracellular pathway devoted to the increase of cancer cells tolerance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in stressing conditions acting as key regulator of NRF-2 pathway activity in a time-dependent manner. Innovation: In this study, we identified a new role of NGB in the cell response to oxidative stress. Conclusion: Altogether, reported results open new insights on the NGB effect in regulating intracellular pathways related to cell adaptive response to stress and, as consequence, to cell survival, beyond its direct effect as ROS scavenger, opening new prospective in cancer therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, University Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
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Gorgun MF, Zhuo M, Dineley KT, Englander EW. Elevated Neuroglobin Lessens Neuroinflammation and Alleviates Neurobehavioral Deficits Induced by Acute Inhalation of Combustion Smoke in the Mouse. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2170-2181. [PMID: 31420834 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute inhalation of combustion smoke produces long-term neurologic deficits in survivors. To study the mechanisms that contribute to the development of neurologic deficits and identify targets for prevention, we developed a mouse model of acute inhalation of combustion smoke, which supports longitudinal investigation of mechanisms that underlie the smoke induced inimical sequelae in the brain. Using a transgenic mouse engineered to overexpress neuroglobin, a neuroprotective oxygen-binding globin protein, we previously demonstrated that elevated neuroglobin preserves mitochondrial respiration and attenuates formation of oxidative DNA damage in the mouse brain after smoke exposure. In the current study, we show that elevated neuronal neuroglobin attenuates the persistent inflammatory changes induced by smoke exposure in the mouse brain and mitigates concordant smoke-induced long-term neurobehavioral deficits. Specifically, we found that increases in hippocampal density of GFAP and Iba-1 positive cells that are detected post-smoke in wild-type mice are absent in the neuroglobin overexpressing transgenic (Ngb-tg) mice. Similarly, the smoke induced hippocampal myelin depletion is not observed in the Ngb-tg mice. Importantly, elevated neuroglobin alleviates behavioral and memory deficits that develop after acute smoke inhalation in the wild-type mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that the protective effects exerted by neuroglobin in the brains of smoke exposed mice afford protection from long-term neurologic sequelae of acute inhalation of combustion smoke. Our transgenic mouse provides a tool for assessing the potential of elevated neuroglobin as possible strategy for management of smoke inhalation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat F Gorgun
- Department of Surgery, Medical Branch, University of Texas, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ming Zhuo
- Department of Surgery, Medical Branch, University of Texas, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Kelly T Dineley
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ella W Englander
- Department of Surgery, Medical Branch, University of Texas, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX, USA.
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15
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Connecting the Dots in the Neuroglobin-Protein Interaction Network of an Unstressed and Ferroptotic Cell Death Neuroblastoma Model. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080873. [PMID: 31405213 PMCID: PMC6721670 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroglobin is a heme protein of which increased levels provide neuroprotection against amyloid proteinopathy and hemorrhagic damage. These cellular stressors involve the promotion of ferroptosis—an iron-dependent, lipid peroxide-accreting form of cell death. Hence, we questioned whether neuroglobin could oppose ferroptosis initiation. We detected human neuroglobin (hNgb)-EGFP-expressing SH-SY5Y cells to be significantly more resistant to ferroptosis induction, identifying 0.68-fold less cell death. To elucidate the underlying pathways, this study investigated hNgb-protein interactions with a Co-IP-MS/MS approach both under a physiological and a ferroptotic condition. hNgb binds to proteins of the cellular iron metabolism (e.g., RPL15 and PCBP3) in an unstressed condition and shows an elevated binding ratio towards cell death-linked proteins, such as HNRNPA3, FAM120A, and ABRAXAS2, under ferroptotic stress. Our data also reveal a constitutive interaction between hNgb and the longevity-associated heterodimer XRCC5/XRCC6. Disentangling the involvement of hNgb and its binding partners in cellular processes, using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, resulted in the integration of hNgb in the ubiquitination pathway, mTOR signaling, 14-3-3-mediated signaling, and the glycolysis cascade. We also detected a previously unknown strong link with motor neuropathies. Hence, this study contributes to the elucidation of neuroglobin’s involvement in cellular mechanisms that provide neuroprotection and the upkeep of homeostasis.
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16
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Fiocchetti M, Fernandez VS, Montalesi E, Marino M. Neuroglobin: A Novel Player in the Oxidative Stress Response of Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6315034. [PMID: 31354909 PMCID: PMC6636438 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6315034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) result from intracellular aerobic metabolism and/or extracellular stimuli. Although endogenous antioxidant systems exquisitely balance ROS production, an excess of ROS production, commonly found in diverse human degenerative pathologies including cancer, gives rise to the oxidative stress. Increased oxidative stress in cancer is related to the sustained proliferation and metabolism of cancer cells. However, cancer cells show an intrinsic higher antioxidant capacity with respect to the normal counterpart as well as an ability to cope with oxidative stress-induced cell death by establishing mechanisms of adaptation, which define a selective advantage against the adverse oxidative stress environment. The identification of survival factors and adaptive pathways, set up by cancer cells against oxidative stress, provides multiple targets for the therapeutic intervention against cancer. Neuroglobin (NGB), a globin primarily described in neurons as an oxidative stress sensor and cytoprotective factor against redox imbalance, has been recently recognized as a novel tumor-associated protein. In this review, the involvement of NGB in the cancer cell adaptation and resistance to oxidative stress will be discussed highlighting the globin role in the regulation of both the stress-induced apoptotic pathway and antioxidant systems activated by cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fiocchetti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Emiliano Montalesi
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
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17
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Neuroglobin Expression Models as a Tool to Study Its Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5728129. [PMID: 31320982 PMCID: PMC6607734 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5728129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an evolutionary conserved member of the globin family with a primary expression in neurons of which the exact functions remain elusive. A plethora of in vivo and in vitro model systems has been generated to this day to determine the functional biological roles of Ngb. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview and discussion of the different Ngb models, covering animal and cellular models of both overexpression and knockout strategies. Intriguingly, an in-depth literature search of available Ngb expression models revealed crucial discrepancies in the outcomes observed in different models. Not only does the level of Ngb expression—either physiologically, overexpressed, or downregulated—alter its functional properties, the experimental setup, being in vitro or in vivo, does impact the functional outcome as well and, hence, whether or not a physiological and/or therapeutic role is ascribed to Ngb. These differences could highlight either technical or biological adaptations and should be considered until elucidation of the Ngb biology.
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18
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Neuroglobin promotes neurogenesis through Wnt signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:945. [PMID: 30237546 PMCID: PMC6147998 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) has been demonstrated by our lab and others to be neuroprotective against neurological disorders including stroke. However, the roles of Ngb in neurogenesis remain elusive. Neurogenesis can occur in adulthood and can be induced by pathological conditions in the brain such as stroke, and significantly contributes to functional recovery, thus enhancing endogenous neurogenesis may be a promising therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. In this study we aimed to investigate the roles of Ngb in neurogenesis using Lentivirus overexpressing Ngb (Lv-Ngb). We show that Ngb overexpression promoted the proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPC) marked by increased neurosphere number and size. Ngb overexpression also enhanced neuronal differentiation of cultured NPC under differentiation conditions. Moreover, subventricular injection of Lv-Ngb in mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) increased PSA-NCAM positive neuroblasts and Tuj1 positive immature neurons, suggesting that Ngb overexpression promotes neurogenesis in mice brain after stroke. We further show that the pro-neurogenesis effect of Ngb overexpression might be mediated through Dvl1 up-regulation, and subsequent activation of Wnt signaling, indicated by increased nuclear localization of beta-catenin. These results suggest that Ngb may play an important role in promoting neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke, which may eventually benefit the development of stroke therapeutics targeting neurogenesis through Ngb upregulation.
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19
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Van Acker ZP, Luyckx E, Dewilde S. Neuroglobin Expression in the Brain: a Story of Tissue Homeostasis Preservation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2101-2122. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Neuroglobin overexpression plays a pivotal role in neuroprotection through mitochondrial raft-like microdomains in neuroblastoma SK-N-BE2 cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 88:167-176. [PMID: 29378245 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since stressing conditions induce a relocalization of endogenous human neuroglobin (NGB) to mitochondria, this research is aimed to evaluate the protective role of NGB overexpression against neurotoxic stimuli, through mitochondrial lipid raft-associated complexes. To this purpose, we built a neuronal model of oxidative stress by the use of human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells, SK-N-BE2, stably overexpressing NGB by transfection and treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+). We preliminary observed the redistribution of NGB to mitochondria following MPP+ treatment. The analysis of mitochondrial raft-like microdomains revealed that, following MPP+ treatment, NGB translocated to raft fractions (Triton X-100-insoluble), where it interacts with ganglioside GD3. Interestingly, the administration of agents capable of perturbating microdomain before MPP+ treatment, significantly affected viability in SK-N-BE2-NGB cells. The overexpression of NGB was able to abrogate the mitochondrial injuries on complex IV activity or mitochondrial morphology induced by MPP+ administration. The protective action of NGB on mitochondria only takes place if the mitochondrial lipid(s) rafts-like microdomains are intact, indeed NGB fails to protect complex IV activity when purified mitochondria were treated with the lipid rafts disruptor methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Thus, our unique in vitro model of stably transfected cells overexpressing endogenous NGB allowed us to suggest that the role in neuroprotection played by NGB is reliable only through interaction with mitochondrial lipid raft-associated complexes.
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21
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Compensatory role of Neuroglobin in nervous and non-nervous cancer cells in response to the nutrient deprivation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189179. [PMID: 29216269 PMCID: PMC5720711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors or adverse growth conditions that may reduce cell function or viability are considered stress. The cell ability to sense and respond to environmental stresses determine its function and survival destiny. We recently defined Neuroglobin (NGB), a heme-protein, as a compensatory protein in the 17β-Estradiol (E2) anti-apoptotic activity and as a sensor of oxidative stress in both neurons and breast cancer cells. Here, the possibility that NGB levels could represent a pivotal regulator of integrated response of cancer cells to stress has been evaluated. Data obtained in neuroblastoma and in breast cancer cell lines evidence that nutrient deprivation significantly up-regulated NGB levels at different time points. However, the analysis of autophagy activation led to exclude any possible role of stress- or E2-induced NGB in the upstream regulation of general autophagy. However, the over-expression of Flag-NGB in ERα stable transfected HEK-293 cells completely affects nutrient deprivation-induced decrease in cell number. In addition, reported results indicate that modulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 level may play a key role in the protective NGB function against energetic stress. Overall, these data define a role of NGB as compensatory protein in the cell machinery activated in response to stress and as general stress adaptation marker of cancer cells susceptible to oxidative stress, oxygen and, as demonstrated here for the first time, even to nutrient willingness. Despite the lacking of any direct NGB role on autophagic flux activated by energetic stress, NGB upregulation appears functional in delaying stress-related cell death allowing an appropriate cell response and adaptation to the changing extracellular conditions.
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22
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Cytoprotective effects of transgenic neuroglobin overexpression in an acute and chronic mouse model of ischemic heart disease. Heart Vessels 2017; 33:80-88. [PMID: 29098407 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-017-1065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (NGB) is an oxygen-binding protein that is mainly expressed in nervous tissues where it is considered to be neuroprotective during ischemic brain injury. Interestingly, transgenic mice overexpressing NGB reveal cytoprotective effects on tissues lacking endogenous NGB, which might indicate a therapeutic role for NGB in a broad range of ischemic conditions. In the present study, we investigated the effect of NGB overexpression on survival as well as on the size and occurrence of myocardial infarctions (MI) in a mouse model of acute MI (AMI) and a model of advanced atherosclerosis (ApoE -/- Fbn1 C1039G+/- mice), in which coronary plaques and MI develop in mice being fed a Western-type diet. Overexpression of NGB significantly enhanced post-AMI survival and reduced MI size by 14% 1 week after AMI. Gene expression analysis of the infarction border showed reduction of tissue hypoxia and attenuation of hypoxia-induced inflammatory pathways, which might be responsible for these beneficial effects. In contrast, NGB overexpression did not affect survival or occurrence of MI in the atherosclerotic mice although the incidence of coronary plaques was significantly reduced. In conclusion, NGB proved to act cytoprotectively during MI in the acute setting while this effect was less pronounced in the atherosclerosis model.
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23
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A novel function of neuroglobin for neuroregeneration in mice after optic nerve injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1254-1259. [PMID: 28951213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a recently discovered heme protein in the vertebrate brain that can bind to oxygen molecules. Mammalian Ngb plays a crucial role in neuroprotection under conditions of oxidative stress. To investigate other potential functions of Ngb, we investigated the mouse retinal Ngb system following optic nerve injury. In the retina of control mice, Ngb immunoreactivity was limited to the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer, and this immunoreactivity rapidly decreased to less than 50% of the control level 5 days after optic nerve injury. On the basis of this decrease, we designed in vivo experiments with enhanced expression of Ngb using adult mouse retina. The enhanced expression of Ngb was achieved by injecting chimeric human Ngb protein, which included the cell membrane-penetrating module of fish Ngb. One-day pretreatment with chimeric Ngb increased immunoreactivity levels of Ngb two-fold in mouse RGCs and increased the number of surviving RGCs three-fold by 14 days after optic nerve injury compared with vehicle controls. Furthermore, in the mouse retinas showing enhanced Ngb expression, several regenerating central optic axons exhibited outgrowth and were found to pass through the nerve crush site 14 days after nerve injury. No such regenerating optic axons were observed in the control mouse optic nerve during the same time frame. The data obtained from in vivo experiments strongly indicate that mammalian Ngb has neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties.
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24
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Takahashi N, Onozuka W, Watanabe S, Wakasugi K. Chimeric ZHHH neuroglobin acts as a cell membrane-penetrating inducer of neurite outgrowth. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1338-1349. [PMID: 28904863 PMCID: PMC5586349 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a heme protein expressed in the vertebrate brain. We previously engineered a chimeric Ngb protein, in which module M1 of human Ngb is replaced by that of zebrafish Ngb, and showed that the chimeric ZHHH Ngb has a cell membrane-penetrating activity similar to that of zebrafish Ngb and also rescues cells from death caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation as does human Ngb. Recently, it was reported that overexpression of mammalian Ngb in neuronal cells induces neurite outgrowth. In this study, we performed neurite outgrowth assays of chimeric Ngb using rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Addition of chimeric Ngb, but not human or zebrafish Ngb, exogenously to the cell medium induces neurite outgrowth. On the other hand, the K7A/K9Q chimeric Ngb double mutant, which cannot translocate into cells, did not induce neurite outgrowth, suggesting that the cell membrane-penetrating activity of the chimeric Ngb is crucial for its neurite outgrowth-promoting activity. We also prepared several site-directed chimeric Ngb mutants and demonstrated that residues crucial for neurite outgrowth-inducing activity of the chimeric Ngb are not exactly the same as those for its neuroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Takahashi
- Department of Life Sciences Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo Japan
| | - Wataru Onozuka
- Department of Life Sciences Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo Japan
| | - Seiji Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo Japan.,Present address: Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Nagoya University Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Keisuke Wakasugi
- Department of Life Sciences Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo Japan
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Fiocchetti M, Cipolletti M, Brandi V, Polticelli F, Ascenzi P. Neuroglobin and friends. J Mol Recognit 2017; 30. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabio Polticelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze; Università Roma Tre; Rome Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Sezione dell'Università Roma Tre; Rome Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica; Università Roma Tre; Rome Italy
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26
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Colloc'h N, Sacquin-Mora S, Avella G, Dhaussy AC, Prangé T, Vallone B, Girard E. Determinants of neuroglobin plasticity highlighted by joint coarse-grained simulations and high pressure crystallography. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1858. [PMID: 28500341 PMCID: PMC5431840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating the effect of pressure sheds light on the dynamics and plasticity of proteins, intrinsically correlated to functional efficiency. Here we detail the structural response to pressure of neuroglobin (Ngb), a hexacoordinate globin likely to be involved in neuroprotection. In murine Ngb, reversible coordination is achieved by repositioning the heme more deeply into a large internal cavity, the “heme sliding mechanism”. Combining high pressure crystallography and coarse-grain simulations on wild type Ngb as well as two mutants, one (V101F) with unaffected and another (F106W) with decreased affinity for CO, we show that Ngb hinges around a rigid mechanical nucleus of five hydrophobic residues (V68, I72, V109, L113, Y137) during its conformational transition induced by gaseous ligand, that the intrinsic flexibility of the F-G loop appears essential to drive the heme sliding mechanism, and that residue Val 101 may act as a sensor of the interaction disruption between the heme and the distal histidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Colloc'h
- ISTCT CNRS UNICAEN CEA Normandie Univ., CERVOxy team, centre Cyceron, 14000, Caen, France.
| | - Sophie Sacquin-Mora
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS UPR9080, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Avella
- Instituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza Università di Roma, 5 piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185, Roma, Italy.,BIOGEM Research Institute, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Anne-Claire Dhaussy
- CRISTMAT UMR 6508 CNRS ENSICAEN UNICAEN Normandie Univ., 6 bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Thierry Prangé
- LCRB, UMR 8015 CNRS Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270, Paris, France
| | - Beatrice Vallone
- Instituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza Università di Roma, 5 piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Eric Girard
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38044, Grenoble, France.
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Reeder BJ. Redox and Peroxidase Activities of the Hemoglobin Superfamily: Relevance to Health and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:763-776. [PMID: 27637274 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Erythrocyte hemoglobin (Hb) and myocyte myoglobin, although primarily oxygen-carrying proteins, have the capacity to do redox chemistry. Such redox activity in the wider family of globins now appears to have important associations with the mechanisms of cell stress response. In turn, an understanding of such mechanisms in vivo may have a potential in the understanding of cancer therapy resistance and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's. Recent Advances: There has been an enhanced understanding of the redox chemistry of the globin superfamily in recent years, leading to advances in development of Hb-based blood substitutes and in hypotheses relating to specific disease mechanisms. Neuroglobin (Ngb) and cytoglobin (Cygb) have been linked to cell protection mechanisms against hypoxia and oxidative stress, with implications in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases for Ngb and cancer for Cygb. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite advances in the understanding of redox chemistry of globins, the physiological roles of many of these proteins still remain ambiguous at best. Confusion over potential physiological roles may relate to multifunctional roles for globins, which may be modulated by surface-exposed cysteine pairs in some globins. Such roles may be critical in deciphering the relationships of these globins in human diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies are required to connect the considerable knowledge on the mechanisms of globin redox chemistry in vitro with the physiological and pathological roles of globins in vivo. In doing so, new therapies for neurodegenerative disorders and cancer therapy resistance may be targeted. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 763-776.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Reeder
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex , Essex, United Kingdom
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28
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Amri F, Ghouili I, Tonon MC, Amri M, Masmoudi-Kouki O. Hemoglobin-Improved Protection in Cultured Cerebral Cortical Astroglial Cells: Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Caspase Activation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:67. [PMID: 28443065 PMCID: PMC5385367 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a major role in triggering astroglial cell death in diverse neuropathological conditions such as ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies indicate that hemoglobin (Hb) is expressed in both resting and reactive glia cells, but nothing is known regarding a possible role of Hb on astroglial cell survival. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential glioprotective effect of Hb on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured rat astrocytes. Our study demonstrates that administration of graded concentrations of Hb (10-12 to 10-6 M) to H2O2-treated astrocytes reduces cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. H2O2 treatment induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), a drop of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and a stimulation of caspase-3/7 activity. Exposure of H2O2-treated cells to Hb was accompanied by marked attenuations of ROS and NO surproductions, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and caspase-3/7 activity increase. The protective action of Hb was blocked by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89, the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerythrine, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126. Taken together, these data demonstrate for the first time that Hb is a glioprotective factor that protects astrocytes from apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and suggest that Hb may confer neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. The anti-apoptotic activity of Hb on astrocytes is mediated through the PKA, PKC, and MAPK transduction pathways and can be accounted for by inhibition of oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions and caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Amri
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, UR/11ES09 Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Ghouili
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, UR/11ES09 Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marie-Christine Tonon
- INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandie, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, UR/11ES09 Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, UR/11ES09 Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Tunis, Tunisia
- *Correspondence: Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki,
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29
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Ascenzi P, di Masi A, Leboffe L, Fiocchetti M, Nuzzo MT, Brunori M, Marino M. Neuroglobin: From structure to function in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 52:1-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Guidolin D, Tortorella C, Marcoli M, Maura G, Agnati LF. Neuroglobin, a Factor Playing for Nerve Cell Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111817. [PMID: 27809238 PMCID: PMC5133818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death represents the final outcome of several pathological conditions of the central nervous system and available evidence suggests that in both acute injuries and neurodegenerative diseases it is often associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, the possibility to prevent mitochondrial events involved in cell death might represent efficient tools to limit neuronal damage. In recent years, increased attention has been paid to the endogenous protein neuroglobin, since accumulating evidence showed that its high expression was associated with preserved mitochondrial function and to an increased survival of nerve cells in vitro and in vivo in a variety of experimental models of cell insult. The biological and structural features of neuroglobin and the mitochondria-related mechanisms of neuroglobin-induced neuroprotection will be here briefly discussed. In this respect, the inhibition of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis emerges as a key neuroprotective effect induced by the protein. These findings could open the possibility to develop efficient neuroglobin-mediated therapeutic strategies aimed at minimizing the neuronal cell death occurring in impacting neurological pathologies like stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Tortorella
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy.
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova 16126, Italy.
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova 16126, Italy.
| | - Luigi F Agnati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41121, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
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Guo ZL, Richardson DR, Kalinowski DS, Kovacevic Z, Tan-Un KC, Chan GCF. The novel thiosemicarbazone, di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC), inhibits neuroblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo via multiple mechanisms. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:98. [PMID: 27678372 PMCID: PMC5039880 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma is a relatively common and highly belligerent childhood tumor with poor prognosis by current therapeutic approaches. A novel anti-cancer agent of the di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazone series, namely di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), demonstrates promising anti-tumor activity. Recently, a second-generation analogue, namely di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC), has entered multi-center clinical trials for the treatment of advanced and resistant tumors. The current aim was to examine if these novel agents were effective against aggressive neuroblastoma in vitro and in vivo and to assess their mechanism of action. Methods Neuroblastoma cancer cells as well as immortalized normal cells were used to assess the efficacy and selectivity of DpC in vitro. An orthotopic SK-N-LP/Luciferase xenograft model was used in nude mice to assess the efficacy of DpC in vivo. Apoptosis in tumors was confirmed by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry and H&E staining. Results DpC demonstrated more potent cytotoxicity than Dp44mT against neuroblastoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. DpC significantly increased levels of phosphorylated JNK, neuroglobin, cytoglobin, and cleaved caspase 3 and 9, while decreasing IkBα levels in vitro. The contribution of JNK, NF-ĸB, and caspase signaling/activity to the anti-tumor activity of DpC was verified by selective inhibitors of these pathways. After 3 weeks of treatment, tumor growth in mice was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by DpC (4 mg/kg/day) given intravenously and the agent was well tolerated. Xenograft tissues showed significantly higher expression of neuroglobin, cytoglobin, caspase 3, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) levels and a slight decrease in interleukin-10 (IL-10). Conclusions DpC was found to be highly potent against neuroblastoma, demonstrating its potential as a novel therapeutic for this disease. The ability of DpC to increase TNFα in tumors could also promote the endogenous immune response to mediate enhanced cancer cell apoptosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-016-0330-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Ling Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, People's Republic of China.,School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Danuta S Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kian Cheng Tan-Un
- School of Professional and Continuing Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Baez E, Echeverria V, Cabezas R, Ávila-Rodriguez M, Garcia-Segura LM, Barreto GE. Protection by Neuroglobin Expression in Brain Pathologies. Front Neurol 2016; 7:146. [PMID: 27672379 PMCID: PMC5018480 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play an important role in physiological, metabolic, and structural functions, and when impaired, they can be involved in various pathologies including Alzheimer, focal ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury. These disorders involve an imbalance in the blood flow and nutrients such as glucose and lactate, leading to biochemical and molecular changes that cause neuronal damage, which is followed by loss of cognitive and motor functions. Previous studies have shown that astrocytes are more resilient than neurons during brain insults as a consequence of their more effective antioxidant systems, transporters, and enzymes, which made them less susceptible to excitotoxicity. In addition, astrocytes synthesize and release different protective molecules for neurons, including neuroglobin, a member of the globin family of proteins. After brain injury, neuroglobin expression is induced in astrocytes. Since neuroglobin promotes neuronal survival, its increased expression in astrocytes after brain injury may represent an endogenous neuroprotective mechanism. Here, we review the role of neuroglobin in the central nervous system, its relationship with different pathologies, and the role of different factors that regulate its expression in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Baez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | - Ricardo Cabezas
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Marco Ávila-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | - George E. Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Kleinknecht A, Popova B, Lázaro DF, Pinho R, Valerius O, Outeiro TF, Braus GH. C-Terminal Tyrosine Residue Modifications Modulate the Protective Phosphorylation of Serine 129 of α-Synuclein in a Yeast Model of Parkinson's Disease. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006098. [PMID: 27341336 PMCID: PMC4920419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson´s disease (PD) is characterized by the presence of proteinaceous inclusions called Lewy bodies that are mainly composed of α-synuclein (αSyn). Elevated levels of oxidative or nitrative stresses have been implicated in αSyn related toxicity. Phosphorylation of αSyn on serine 129 (S129) modulates autophagic clearance of inclusions and is prominently found in Lewy bodies. The neighboring tyrosine residues Y125, Y133 and Y136 are phosphorylation and nitration sites. Using a yeast model of PD, we found that Y133 is required for protective S129 phosphorylation and for S129-independent proteasome clearance. αSyn can be nitrated and form stable covalent dimers originating from covalent crosslinking of two tyrosine residues. Nitrated tyrosine residues, but not di-tyrosine-crosslinked dimers, contributed to αSyn cytotoxicity and aggregation. Analysis of tyrosine residues involved in nitration and crosslinking revealed that the C-terminus, rather than the N-terminus of αSyn, is modified by nitration and di-tyrosine formation. The nitration level of wild-type αSyn was higher compared to that of A30P mutant that is non-toxic in yeast. A30P formed more dimers than wild-type αSyn, suggesting that dimer formation represents a cellular detoxification pathway in yeast. Deletion of the yeast flavohemoglobin gene YHB1 resulted in an increase of cellular nitrative stress and cytotoxicity leading to enhanced aggregation of A30P αSyn. Yhb1 protected yeast from A30P-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and peroxynitrite-induced nitrative stress. Strikingly, overexpression of neuroglobin, the human homolog of YHB1, protected against αSyn inclusion formation in mammalian cells. In total, our data suggest that C-terminal Y133 plays a major role in αSyn aggregate clearance by supporting the protective S129 phosphorylation for autophagy and by promoting proteasome clearance. C-terminal tyrosine nitration increases pathogenicity and can only be partially detoxified by αSyn di-tyrosine dimers. Our findings uncover a complex interplay between S129 phosphorylation and C-terminal tyrosine modifications of αSyn that likely participates in PD pathology. Parkinson’s disease is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in midbrain and the presence of αSyn protein inclusions. Human αSyn mimics the disease pathology in yeast resulting in cytotoxicity and aggregate formation. αSyn is abundantly phosphorylated at serine S129 and possesses four tyrosines (Y39, Y125, Y133, and Y136) that can be posttranslationally modified by nitration or phosphorylation. The consequence of each of these possible modifications is still unclear. Nitration as consequence of oxidative stress is a hallmark for neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we addressed the molecular mechanism, how tyrosine posttranslational modifications affect αSyn cytotoxicity. Tyrosine nitration can contribute to αSyn toxicity or can be part of a cellular salvage pathway when di-tyrosine-crosslinked dimers are formed. The Y133 residue, which can be either phosphorylated or nitrated, determines whether S129 is protectively phosphorylated and αSyn inclusions are cleared. This interplay with S129 phosphorylation demonstrates a dual role for C-terminal tyrosine residues. Yeast flavohemoglobin Yhb1 and its human counterpart neuroglobin NGB protect cells against cytotoxicity and aggregate formation. These novel insights into the molecular pathways responsible for αSyn cytotoxicity indicate NGB as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kleinknecht
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Blagovesta Popova
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana F. Lázaro
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raquel Pinho
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F. Outeiro
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H. Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Fiocchetti M, Cipolletti M, Leone S, Naldini A, Carraro F, Giordano D, Verde C, Ascenzi P, Marino M. Neuroglobin in Breast Cancer Cells: Effect of Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress on Protein Level, Localization, and Anti-Apoptotic Function. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154959. [PMID: 27149623 PMCID: PMC4858147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The over-expression of human neuroglobin (NGB), a heme-protein preferentially expressed in the brain, displays anti-apoptotic effects against hypoxic/ischemic and oxidative stresses enhancing neuron survival. As hypoxic and oxidative stress injury frequently occurs in fast proliferating neoplastic tissues, here, the effect of these stressors on the level, localization, and anti-apoptotic function of NGB in wild type and NGB-stable-silenced MCF-7 breast cancer cells has been assessed. The well-known endogenous NGB inducer 17β-estradiol (E2) has been used as positive control. The median pO2 present in tumor microenvironment of breast cancer patients (i.e., 2% O2) does not affect the NGB level in breast cancer cells, whereas hydrogen peroxide and lead(IV) acetate, which increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, enhance the NGB levels outside the mitochondria and still activate apoptosis. However, E2-induced NGB up-regulation in mitochondria completely reverse lead(IV) acetate-induced PARP cleavage. These results indicate that the NGB level could represent a marker of oxidative-stress in MCF-7 breast cancer cells; however, the NGB ability to respond to injuring stimuli by preventing apoptosis requires its re-allocation into the mitochondria. As a whole, present data might lead to a new direction in understanding NGB function in cancer opening new avenues for the therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fiocchetti
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Manuela Cipolletti
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Leone
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonella Naldini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Carraro
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Biosciences and BioResources Institute—CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Cinzia Verde
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
- Biosciences and BioResources Institute—CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
- Biosciences and BioResources Institute—CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
- Biosciences and BioResources Institute—CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Identification of residues crucial for the interaction between human neuroglobin and the α-subunit of heterotrimeric Gi protein. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24948. [PMID: 27109834 PMCID: PMC4842972 DOI: 10.1038/srep24948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian neuroglobin (Ngb) protects neuronal cells under conditions of oxidative stress. We previously showed that human Ngb acts as a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) for the α-subunits of heterotrimeric Gi/o proteins and inhibits the decrease in cAMP concentration, leading to protection against cell death. In the present study, we used an eukaryotic expression vector driving high-level expression of human wild-type Ngb or Ngb mutants that either exhibit or lack GDI activities in human cells. We demonstrate that the GDI activity of human Ngb is tightly correlated with its neuroprotective activity. We further demonstrate that Glu53, Glu60, and Glu118 of human Ngb are crucial for both the neuroprotective activity and interaction with Gαi1. Moreover, we show that Lys46, Lys70, Arg208, Lys209, and Lys210 residues of Gαi1 are important for binding to human Ngb. We propose a molecular docking model of the complex between human Ngb and Gαi1.
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Characterization of molecular mechanism of neuroglobin binding to cytochrome c: A surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry study. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Vorasubin N, Hosokawa S, Hosokawa K, Ishiyama G, Ishiyama A, Lopez IA. Neuroglobin immunoreactivity in the human cochlea. Brain Res 2015; 1630:56-63. [PMID: 26556771 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an oxygen-binding protein with a demonstrated role in endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms. It has been shown to function as a scavenger for reactive oxidizing species thereby assisting in cellular defense against oxidative stress. In the present study, we characterized the presence of Ngb in the human cochlea. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on formalin fixed celloidin human cochlea sections obtained from human temporal bones, using affinity purified polyclonal antibodies against Ngb. Thirty-six temporal bones were analyzed, 15 with normal otologic histories and 21 diagnosed with different inner ear pathologies. Ngb immunoreactivity (Ngb-IR) was consistently expressed in the neurons of spiral ganglia (SG) and supporting cells of the organ of Corti. There was a significant decrease of Ngb-IR in SGNs from specimens with inner ear pathologies when compared to normal specimens. In contrast, Ngb-IR in the organ of Corti did not show significant changes between pathological and normal specimens. The differential pattern of Ngb expression in these cochlear structures suggests that Ngb may participate in defense mechanisms in inner ear pathologies where oxidative stress is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopawan Vorasubin
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Seiji Hosokawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kumiko Hosokawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Gail Ishiyama
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Akira Ishiyama
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Ivan A Lopez
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA.
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Neuroglobin Overexpression Inhibits AMPK Signaling and Promotes Cell Anabolism. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1254-1265. [PMID: 25616953 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a recently discovered globin with preferential localization to neurons. Growing evidence indicates that Ngb has distinct physiological functions separate from the oxygen storage and transport roles of other globins, such as hemoglobin and myoglobin. We found increased ATP production and decreased glycolysis in Ngb-overexpressing immortalized murine hippocampal cell line (HT-22), in parallel with inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). In addition, lipid and glycogen content was increased in Ngb-overexpressing HT-22 cells. AMPK signaling was also inhibited in the brain and heart from Ngb-overexpressing transgenic mice. Although Ngb overexpression did not change glycogen content in whole brain, glycogen synthase was activated in cortical neurons of Ngb-overexpressing mouse brain and Ngb overexpression primary neurons. Moreover, lipid and glycogen content was increased in hearts derived from Ngb-overexpressing mice. These findings suggest that Ngb functions as a metabolic regulator and enhances cellular anabolism through the inhibition of AMPK signaling.
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Gorgun FM, Zhuo M, Singh S, Englander EW. Neuroglobin mitigates mitochondrial impairments induced by acute inhalation of combustion smoke in the mouse brain. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 26:361-9. [PMID: 24730682 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.902147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acute inhalation of combustion smoke adversely affects brain homeostasis and energy metabolism. We previously showed that overexpressed neuroglobin (Ngb), neuron specific globin protein, attenuates the formation of smoke inhalation-induced oxidative DNA damage, in vivo, in the mouse brain, while others reported protection by Ngb in diverse models of brain injury, mainly involving oxidative stress and hypoxic/ischemic insults. OBJECTIVE To determine to what extent elevated Ngb ameliorates post smoke-inhalation brain bioenergetics and homeostasis in Ngb overexpressing transgenic mouse. METHODS Smoke inhalation induced changes in bioenergetics were measured in the wild type and Ngb transgene mouse brain. Modulations of mitochondrial respiration were analyzed using the Seahorse XF24 flux analyzer and changes in cytoplasmic energy metabolism were assessed by measuring enzymatic activities and lactate in the course of post smoke recovery. RESULTS Cortical mitochondria from Ngb transgene, better maintained ATP synthesis-linked oxygen consumption and unlike wild type mitochondria did not increase futile oxygen consumption feeding the proton leak, reflecting lesser smoke-induced mitochondrial compromise. Measurements revealed lesser reduction of mitochondrial ATP content and lesser compensatory increases in cytosolic energy metabolism, involving pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities as well as cytosolic lactate levels. Additionally, induction of c-Fos, the early response gene and key neuronal stress sensor, was attenuated in Ngb transgene compared to wild type brain after smoke. CONCLUSION Considered together, these differences reflect lesser perturbations produced by acute inhalation of combustion smoke in the Ngb overexpressing mouse, suggesting that Ngb mitigates mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity and raises the threshold of smoke inhalation-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falih Murat Gorgun
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, TX , USA
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Fiocchetti M, Nuzzo MT, Totta P, Acconcia F, Ascenzi P, Marino M. Neuroglobin, a pro-survival player in estrogen receptor α-positive cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1449. [PMID: 25299774 PMCID: PMC4237245 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that human neuroglobin (NGB) is a new player in the signal transduction pathways that lead to 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced neuron survival. Indeed, E2 induces in neuron mitochondria the enhancement of NGB level, which in turn impairs the activation of a pro-apoptotic cascade. Nowadays, the existence of a similar pathway activated by E2 in non-neuronal cells is completely unknown. Here, the role of E2-induced NGB upregulation in tumor cells is reported. E2 induced the upregulation of NGB in a dose- and time-dependent manner in MCF-7, HepG2, SK-N-BE, and HeLa cells transfected with estrogen receptor α (ERα), whereas E2 was unable to modulate the NGB expression in the ERα-devoid HeLa cells. Both transcriptional and extranuclear ERα signals were required for the E2-dependent upregulation of NGB in MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines. E2 stimulation modified NGB intracellular localization, inducing a significant reduction of NGB in the nucleus with a parallel increase of NGB in the mitochondria in both HepG2 and MCF-7 cells. Remarkably, E2 pretreatment did not counteract the H2O2-induced caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) cleavage, as well as Bcl-2 overexpression in MCF-7 and HepG2 cells in which NGB was stably silenced by using shRNA lentiviral particles, highlighting the pivotal role of NGB in E2-induced antiapoptotic pathways in cancer cells. Present results indicate that the E2-induced NGB upregulation in cancer cells could represent a defense mechanism of E2-related cancers rendering them insensitive to oxidative stress. As a whole, these data open new avenues to develop therapeutic strategies against E2-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fiocchetti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - M T Nuzzo
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - P Totta
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - F Acconcia
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - P Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, University Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 79, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - M Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
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41
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Ascenzi P, Gustincich S, Marino M. Mammalian nerve globins in search of functions. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:268-76. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Electron Microscopy; University Roma Tre; Roma Italy
| | | | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science; University Roma Tre; Roma Italy
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Takahashi N, Watanabe S, Wakasugi K. Crucial roles of Glu60 in human neuroglobin as a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor and neuroprotective agent. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83698. [PMID: 24376733 PMCID: PMC3871547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian neuroglobin (Ngb) protects neuronal cells under conditions of oxidative stress. We previously showed that human Ngb acts as a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) for the α-subunits of heterotrimeric Gi/o proteins and inhibits reductions in cAMP concentration, leading to protection against cell death. In the present study, we created human E60Q Ngb mutant and clarified that Glu60 of human Ngb is a crucial residue for its GDI and neuroprotective activities. Moreover, we investigated structural and functional properties of several human Ngb mutants and demonstrated that the neuroprotective effect of human Ngb is due to its GDI activity and not due to its scavenging activity against reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Takahashi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Wakasugi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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43
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Runyen-Janecky LJ. Role and regulation of heme iron acquisition in gram-negative pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:55. [PMID: 24116354 PMCID: PMC3792355 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria that reside in animal tissues and/or cells must acquire iron from their host. However, almost all of the host iron is sequestered in iron-containing compounds and proteins, the majority of which is found within heme molecules. Thus, likely iron sources for bacterial pathogens (and non-pathogenic symbionts) are free heme and heme-containing proteins. Furthermore, the cellular location of the bacterial within the host (intra or extracellular) influences the amount and nature of the iron containing compounds available for transport. The low level of free iron in the host, coupled with the presence of numerous different heme sources, has resulted in a wide range of high-affinity iron acquisition strategies within bacteria. However, since excess iron and heme are toxic to bacteria, expression of these acquisition systems is highly regulated. Precise expression in the correct host environment at the appropriate times enables heme iron acquisitions systems to contribute to the growth of bacterial pathogens within the host. This mini-review will highlight some of the recent findings in these areas for gram-negative pathogens.
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Singh S, Zhuo M, Gorgun FM, Englander EW. Overexpressed neuroglobin raises threshold for nitric oxide-induced impairment of mitochondrial respiratory activities and stress signaling in primary cortical neurons. Nitric Oxide 2013; 32:21-8. [PMID: 23587847 PMCID: PMC3816961 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Surges of nitric oxide compromise mitochondrial respiration primarily by competitive inhibition of oxygen binding to cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) and are particularly injurious in neurons, which rely on oxidative phosphorylation for all their energy needs. Here, we show that transgenic overexpression of the neuronal globin protein, neuroglobin, helps diminish protein nitration, preserve mitochondrial function and sustain ATP content of primary cortical neurons challenged by extended nitric oxide exposure. Specifically, in transgenic neurons, elevated neuroglobin curtailed nitric oxide-induced alterations in mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, including baseline oxygen consumption, consumption coupled with ATP synthesis, proton leak and spare respiratory capacity. Concomitantly, activation of genes involved in sensing and responding to oxidative/nitrosative stress, including the early-immediate c-Fos gene and the phase II antioxidant enzyme, heme oxygenase-1, was diminished in neuroglobin-overexpressing compared to wild-type neurons. Taken together, these differences reflect a lesser insult produced by similar concentrations of nitric oxide in neuroglobin-overexpressing compared to wild-type neurons, suggesting that abundant neuroglobin buffers nitric oxide and raises the threshold of nitric oxide-mediated injury in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpee Singh
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Lechauve C, Augustin S, Roussel D, Sahel JA, Corral-Debrinski M. Neuroglobin involvement in visual pathways through the optic nerve. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:1772-8. [PMID: 23639750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglobin is a member of the globin superfamily proposed to be only expressed in neurons and involved in neuronal protection from hypoxia or oxidative stress. A significant fraction of the protein localizes within the mitochondria and is directly associated with mitochondrial metabolism and integrity. The retina is the site of the highest concentration for neuroglobin and has been reported to be up to 100-fold higher than in the brain. Since neuroglobin was especially abundant in retinal ganglion cell layer, we investigated its abundance in optic nerves. Remarkably in optic nerves, neuroglobin is observed, as expected, in retinal ganglion cell axon profiles but also astrocyte processes, in physiological conditions, possess high levels of the protein. Neuroglobin mRNA and protein levels are ~10-fold higher in optic nerves than in retinas, indicating an important accumulation of neuroglobin in these support cells. Additionally, neuroglobin levels increase in Müller cells during reactive gliosis in response to eye injury. This suggests the pivotal role of neuroglobin in retinal glia involved in neuronal support and/or healing. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxygen Binding and Sensing Proteins.
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Kamioka Y, Fujikawa C, Ogai K, Sugitani K, Watanabe S, Kato S, Wakasugi K. Functional characterization of fish neuroglobin: zebrafish neuroglobin is highly expressed in amacrine cells after optic nerve injury and can translocate into ZF4 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:1779-88. [PMID: 23481873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a recently discovered vertebrate heme protein that is expressed in the brain and can reversibly bind oxygen. Mammalian Ngb is involved in neuroprotection under conditions of oxidative stress, such as ischemia and reperfusion. We previously found that zebrafish Ngb can penetrate the mammalian cell membrane. In the present study, we investigated the functional characteristics of fish Ngb by using the zebrafish cell line ZF4 and zebrafish retina. We found that zebrafish Ngb translocates into ZF4 cells, but cannot protect ZF4 cells against cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a chimeric ZHHH Ngb protein, in which module M1 of human Ngb is replaced by that of zebrafish, is a cell-membrane-penetrating protein that can protect ZF4 cells against hydrogen peroxide exposure. Moreover, we investigated the localization of Ngb mRNA and protein in zebrafish retina and found that Ngb mRNA is expressed in amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer and is significantly increased in amacrine cells 3days after optic nerve injury. Immunohistochemical studies clarified that Ngb protein levels were increased in both amacrine cells and presynaptic regions in the inner plexiform layer after nerve injury. Taken together, we hypothesize that fish Ngb, whose expression is upregulated in amacrine cells after optic nerve injury, might be released from amacrine cells, translocate into neighboring ganglion cells, and function in the early stage of optic nerve regeneration. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxygen Binding and Sensing Proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kamioka
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Ascenzi P, Marino M, Polticelli F, Coletta M, Gioia M, Marini S, Pesce A, Nardini M, Bolognesi M, Reeder BJ, Wilson MT. Non-covalent and covalent modifications modulate the reactivity of monomeric mammalian globins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:1750-6. [PMID: 23416443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multimeric globins (e.g., hemoglobin) are considered to be the prototypes of allosteric enzymes, whereas monomeric globins (e.g., myoglobin; Mb) usually are assumed to be non-allosteric. However, the modulation of the functional properties of monomeric globins by non-covalent (or allosteric) and covalent modifications casts doubts on this general assumption. Here, we report examples referable to these two extreme mechanisms modulating the reactivity of three mammalian monomeric globins. Sperm whale Mb, which acts as a reserve supply of O2 and facilitates the O2 flux within a myocyte, displays the allosteric modulation of the O2 affinity on lactate, an obligatory product of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions, thus facilitating O2 diffusion to the mitochondria in supporting oxidative phosphorylation. Human neuroglobin (NGB), which appears to protect neurons from hypoxia in vitro and in vivo, undergoes hypoxia-dependent phosphorylation (i.e., covalent modulation) affecting the coordination equilibrium of the heme-Fe atom and, in turn, the heme-protein reactivity. This facilitates heme-Fe-ligand binding and enhances the rate of anaerobic nitrite reduction to form NO, thus contributing to cellular adaptation to hypoxia. The reactivity of human cytoglobin (CYGB), which has been postulated to protect cells against oxidative stress, depends on both non-covalent and covalent mechanisms. In fact, the heme reactivity of CYGB depends on the lipid, such as oleate, binding which stabilizes the penta-coordination geometry of the heme-Fe atom. Lastly, the reactivity of NGB and CYGB is modulated by the redox state of the intramolecular CysCD7/CysD5 and CysB2/CysE9 residue pairs, respectively, affecting the heme-Fe atom coordination state. In conclusion, the modulation of monomeric globins reactivity by non-covalent and covalent modifications appears a very widespread phenomenon, opening new perspectives in cell survival and protection. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxygen Binding and Sensing Proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, University Roma Tre, Roma, Italy.
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Fiocchetti M, De Marinis E, Ascenzi P, Marino M. Neuroglobin and neuronal cell survival. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:1744-9. [PMID: 23357651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The balance between neuronal apoptosis and survival sculpts the developing brain and has an important role in neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the individuation of signals that could modulate the cell death machinery as well as enhance survival in neurons promises to provide multiple points of therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroglobin (NGB), the first nerve globin identified in neuronal tissues of humans, seems to possess a protective role in the brain only after up-regulation. Here, the NGB physiological role in the control of neuronal survival is reviewed. In vitro studies suggested that cytosolic NGB could react very rapidly with cytochrome c released from mitochondria, thus interfering with the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Although very suggestive, these data do not explain either the role of NGB up-regulation in neuroprotection or the recently reported NGB localization into mitochondria. Recently, we identified the steroid hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) as an endogenous modulator of NGB levels in neuroblastoma SK-N-BE cell line. Upon E2 stimulation, NGB reallocates mainly into mitochondria where the association with the mitochondrial cytochrome c occurs. Remarkably, E2 treatment before an apoptotic stimulus strongly enhances the NGB:cytochrome c association reducing cytochrome c release into the cytosol. As a consequence, a decrease of caspase-3 activation and, in turn, of the apoptotic cascade activation take place. Besides E2, other compounds have been reported to up-regulate the NGB expression highlighting the possibility to develop NGB-mediated therapeutic strategies against stroke damage and neurodegenerative diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxygen Binding and Sensing Proteins.
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Brittain T. The anti-apoptotic role of neuroglobin. Cells 2012; 1:1133-55. [PMID: 24710547 PMCID: PMC3901133 DOI: 10.3390/cells1041133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The small heme-protein neuroglobin is expressed at high concentrations in certain brain neurons and in the rod cells of the retina. This paper reviews the many studies which have recently identified a protective role for neuroglobin, in a wide range of situations involving apoptotic cell death. The origins of this protective mechanism are discussed in terms of both experimental results and computational modeling of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, which shows that neuroglobin can intervene in this process by a reaction with released mitochondrial cytochrome c. An integrated model, based on the various molecular actions of both neuroglobin and cytochrome c, is developed, which accounts for the cellular distribution of neuroglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brittain
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland,1142, New Zealand.
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