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Wen L, Liu Z, Zhou L, Liu Z, Li Q, Geng B, Xia Y. Bone and Extracellular Signal-Related Kinase 5 (ERK5). Biomolecules 2024; 14:556. [PMID: 38785963 PMCID: PMC11117709 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bones are vital for anchoring muscles, tendons, and ligaments, serving as a fundamental element of the human skeletal structure. However, our understanding of bone development mechanisms and the maintenance of bone homeostasis is still limited. Extracellular signal-related kinase 5 (ERK5), a recently identified member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases, especially neoplasms. Recent studies have highlighted ERK5's significant role in both bone development and bone-associated pathologies. This review offers a detailed examination of the latest research on ERK5 in different tissues and diseases, with a particular focus on its implications for bone health. It also examines therapeutic strategies and future research avenues targeting ERK5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Libo Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Qingda Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Patel R, Kumar S, Varghese JF, Singh N, Singh RP, Yadav UCS. Silymarin prevents endothelial dysfunction by upregulating Erk-5 in oxidized LDL exposed endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2024; 153:104667. [PMID: 38307406 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2024.104667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)-5 is a key mediator of endothelial cell homeostasis, and its inhibition causes loss of critical endothelial markers leading to endothelial dysfunction (ED). Circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) has been identified as an underlying cause of ED and atherosclerosis in metabolic disorders. Silymarin (Sym), a flavonolignan, possesses various pharmacological activities however its preventive mechanism in ED warrants further investigation. Here, we have examined the effects of Sym in regulating the expression of Erk-5 and ameliorating ED using in vitro and in vivo models. Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (pHUVECs) viability was measured by MTT assay; mRNA and protein expression by RT-qPCR and Western blotting; tube-formation assay was performed to examine endothelialness. In in-vivo experiments, normal chow-fed mice (control) or high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were administered Sym or Erk-5 inhibitor (BIX02189) and body weight, blood glucose, plasma-LDL, oxLDL levels, and expression of EC markers in the aorta were examined. Sym (5 μg/ml) maintained the viability and tube-formation ability of oxLDL exposed pHUVECs. Sym increased the expression of Erk-5, vWF, and eNOS and decreased ICAM-1 at transcription and translation levels in oxLDL-exposed pHUVECs. In HFD-fed mice, Sym reduced the body weight, blood glucose, LDL-cholesterol, and oxLDL levels, and increased the levels of vWF and eNOS along with Erk-5 and decreased the level of ICAM-1 in the aorta. These data suggest that Sym could be a potent anti-atherosclerotic agent that could elevate Erk-5 level in the ECs and prevent ED caused by oxidized LDL during HFD-induced obesity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Patel
- Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Pathologies Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Johnna F Varghese
- Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Pathologies Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Navneendra Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Rana P Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Le NT. The significance of ERK5 catalytic-independent functions in disease pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1235217. [PMID: 37601096 PMCID: PMC10436230 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1235217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), also known as BMK1 or MAPK7, represents a recent addition to the classical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. This family includes well-known members such as ERK1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), as well as atypical MAPKs such as ERK3, ERK4, ERK7 (ERK8), and Nemo-like kinase (NLK). Comprehensive reviews available elsewhere provide detailed insights into ERK5, which interested readers can refer to for in-depth knowledge (Nithianandarajah-Jones et al., 2012; Monti et al., Cancers (Basel), 2022, 14). The primary aim of this review is to emphasize the essential characteristics of ERK5 and shed light on the intricate nature of its activation, with particular attention to the catalytic-independent functions in disease pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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Wang X, Shen Y, Shang M, Liu X, Munn LL. Endothelial mechanobiology in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1656-1675. [PMID: 37163659 PMCID: PMC10325702 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious health challenge, causing more deaths worldwide than cancer. The vascular endothelium, which forms the inner lining of blood vessels, plays a central role in maintaining vascular integrity and homeostasis and is in direct contact with the blood flow. Research over the past century has shown that mechanical perturbations of the vascular wall contribute to the formation and progression of atherosclerosis. While the straight part of the artery is exposed to sustained laminar flow and physiological high shear stress, flow near branch points or in curved vessels can exhibit 'disturbed' flow. Clinical studies as well as carefully controlled in vitro analyses have confirmed that these regions of disturbed flow, which can include low shear stress, recirculation, oscillation, or lateral flow, are preferential sites of atherosclerotic lesion formation. Because of their critical role in blood flow homeostasis, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) have mechanosensory mechanisms that allow them to react rapidly to changes in mechanical forces, and to execute context-specific adaptive responses to modulate EC functions. This review summarizes the current understanding of endothelial mechanobiology, which can guide the identification of new therapeutic targets to slow or reverse the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Min Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lance L Munn
- Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Abe JI, Imanishi M, Li S, Zhang A, Ae Ko K, Samanthapudi VSK, Lee LL, Bojorges AP, Gi YJ, Hobbs BP, Deswal A, Herrmann J, Lin SH, Chini EN, Shen YH, Schadler KL, Nguyen THM, Gupte AA, Reyes-Gibby C, Yeung SCJ, Abe RJ, Olmsted-Davis EA, Krishnan S, Dantzer R, Palaskas NL, Cooke JP, Pownall HJ, Yoshimoto M, Fujiwara K, Hamilton DJ, Burks JK, Wang G, Le NT, Kotla S. An ERK5-NRF2 Axis Mediates Senescence-Associated Stemness and Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2023; 133:25-44. [PMID: 37264926 PMCID: PMC10357365 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ERK5 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5) is a dual kinase transcription factor containing an N-terminal kinase domain and a C-terminal transcriptional activation domain. Many ERK5 kinase inhibitors have been developed and tested to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases. However, recent data have raised questions about the role of the catalytic activity of ERK5 in proliferation and inflammation. We aimed to investigate how ERK5 reprograms myeloid cells to the proinflammatory senescent phenotype, subsequently leading to atherosclerosis. METHODS A ERK5 S496A (dephosphorylation mimic) knock in (KI) mouse model was generated using CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated 9), and atherosclerosis was characterized by hypercholesterolemia induction. The plaque phenotyping in homozygous ERK5 S496A KI and wild type (WT) mice was studied using imaging mass cytometry. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were isolated from hypercholesterolemic mice and characterized using RNA sequencing and functional in vitro approaches, including senescence, mitochondria reactive oxygen species, and inflammation assays, as well as by metabolic extracellular flux analysis. RESULTS We show that atherosclerosis was inhibited in ERK5 S496A KI mice. Furthermore, ERK5 S496 phosphorylation mediates both senescence-associated secretory phenotype and senescence-associated stemness by upregulating AHR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) in plaque and bone marrow-derived macrophages isolated from hypercholesterolemic mice. We also discovered that ERK5 S496 phosphorylation could induce NRF2 (NFE2-related factor 2) SUMOylation at a novel K518 site to inhibit NRF2 transcriptional activity without altering ERK5 catalytic activity and mediates oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-induced senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Specific ERK5 kinase inhibitors (AX15836 and XMD8-92) also inhibited ERK5 S496 phosphorylation, suggesting the involvement of ERK5 S496 phosphorylation in the anti-inflammatory effects of these ERK5 kinase inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS We discovered a novel mechanism by which the macrophage ERK5-NRF2 axis develops a unique senescence-associated secretory phenotype/stemness phenotype by upregulating AHR to engender atherogenesis. The finding of senescence-associated stemness phenotype provides a molecular explanation to resolve the paradox of senescence in proliferative plaque by permitting myeloid cells to escape the senescence-induced cell cycle arrest during atherosclerosis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work and were designated as co-first authors
| | - Masaki Imanishi
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work and were designated as co-first authors
| | - Shengyu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work and were designated as co-first authors
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas, and Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ling-Ling Lee
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Young Jin Gi
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian P. Hobbs
- Department of Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Cardio Oncology Clinic, Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eduardo N. Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ying H. Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keri L. Schadler
- Department of Pediatric Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thi-Hong-Minh Nguyen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anisha A. Gupte
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas, and Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cielito Reyes-Gibby
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sai-Ching J. Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rei J. Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicolas L. Palaskas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John P. Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Henry J. Pownall
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas, and Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keigi Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dale J. Hamilton
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Texas, and Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, Houston, Texas, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jared K. Burks
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- These authors were equivalent co-senior authors
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- These authors were equivalent co-senior authors
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- These authors were equivalent co-senior authors
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Tusa I, Menconi A, Tubita A, Rovida E. Pathophysiological Impact of the MEK5/ERK5 Pathway in Oxidative Stress. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081154. [PMID: 37190064 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress regulates many physiological and pathological processes. Indeed, a low increase in the basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential for various cellular functions, including signal transduction, gene expression, cell survival or death, as well as antioxidant capacity. However, if the amount of generated ROS overcomes the antioxidant capacity, excessive ROS results in cellular dysfunctions as a consequence of damage to cellular components, including DNA, lipids and proteins, and may eventually lead to cell death or carcinogenesis. Both in vitro and in vivo investigations have shown that activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (MEK5/ERK5) pathway is frequently involved in oxidative stress-elicited effects. In particular, accumulating evidence identified a prominent role of this pathway in the anti-oxidative response. In this respect, activation of krüppel-like factor 2/4 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 emerged among the most frequent events in ERK5-mediated response to oxidative stress. This review summarizes what is known about the role of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway in the response to oxidative stress in pathophysiological contexts within the cardiovascular, respiratory, lymphohematopoietic, urinary and central nervous systems. The possible beneficial or detrimental effects exerted by the MEK5/ERK5 pathway in the above systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazia Tusa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Menconi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tubita
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rovida
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Abutaleb NO, Atchison L, Choi L, Bedapudi A, Shores K, Gete Y, Cao K, Truskey GA. Lonafarnib and everolimus reduce pathology in iPSC-derived tissue engineered blood vessel model of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5032. [PMID: 36977745 PMCID: PMC10050176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare, fatal genetic disease that accelerates atherosclerosis. With a limited pool of HGPS patients, clinical trials face unique challenges and require reliable preclinical testing. We previously reported a 3D tissue engineered blood vessel (TEBV) microphysiological system fabricated with iPSC-derived vascular cells from HGPS patients. HGPS TEBVs exhibit features of HGPS atherosclerosis including loss of smooth muscle cells, reduced vasoactivity, excess extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, inflammatory marker expression, and calcification. We tested the effects of HGPS therapeutics Lonafarnib and Everolimus separately and together, currently in Phase I/II clinical trial, on HGPS TEBVs. Everolimus decreased reactive oxygen species levels, increased proliferation, reduced DNA damage in HGPS vascular cells, and improved vasoconstriction in HGPS TEBVs. Lonafarnib improved shear stress response of HGPS iPSC-derived endothelial cells (viECs) and reduced ECM deposition, inflammation, and calcification in HGPS TEBVs. Combination treatment with Lonafarnib and Everolimus produced additional benefits such as improved endothelial and smooth muscle marker expression and reduced apoptosis, as well as increased TEBV vasoconstriction and vasodilation. These results suggest that a combined trial of both drugs may provide cardiovascular benefits beyond Lonafarnib, if the Everolimus dose can be tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia O Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leigh Atchison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Leandro Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Akhil Bedapudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kevin Shores
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yantenew Gete
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kan Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - George A Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Heparanase: A Novel Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203198. [PMID: 36291066 PMCID: PMC9599978 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and its management places a huge burden on healthcare systems through hospitalisation and treatment. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall resulting in the formation of lipid-rich, fibrotic plaques under the subendothelium and is a key contributor to the development of CVD. As such, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of atherosclerosis is urgently required for more effective disease treatment and prevention strategies. Heparanase is the only mammalian enzyme known to cleave heparan sulfate of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which is a key component of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane. By cleaving heparan sulfate, heparanase contributes to the regulation of numerous physiological and pathological processes such as wound healing, inflammation, tumour angiogenesis, and cell migration. Recent evidence suggests a multifactorial role for heparanase in atherosclerosis by promoting underlying inflammatory processes giving rise to plaque formation, as well as regulating lesion stability. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the role of heparanase in physiological and pathological processes with a focus on the emerging role of the enzyme in atherosclerosis.
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9
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Moonen JR, Chappell J, Shi M, Shinohara T, Li D, Mumbach MR, Zhang F, Nair RV, Nasser J, Mai DH, Taylor S, Wang L, Metzger RJ, Chang HY, Engreitz JM, Snyder MP, Rabinovitch M. KLF4 recruits SWI/SNF to increase chromatin accessibility and reprogram the endothelial enhancer landscape under laminar shear stress. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4941. [PMID: 35999210 PMCID: PMC9399231 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiologic laminar shear stress (LSS) induces an endothelial gene expression profile that is vasculo-protective. In this report, we delineate how LSS mediates changes in the epigenetic landscape to promote this beneficial response. We show that under LSS, KLF4 interacts with the SWI/SNF nucleosome remodeling complex to increase accessibility at enhancer sites that promote the expression of homeostatic endothelial genes. By combining molecular and computational approaches we discover enhancers that loop to promoters of KLF4- and LSS-responsive genes that stabilize endothelial cells and suppress inflammation, such as BMPR2, SMAD5, and DUSP5. By linking enhancers to genes that they regulate under physiologic LSS, our work establishes a foundation for interpreting how non-coding DNA variants in these regions might disrupt protective gene expression to influence vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Renier Moonen
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - James Chappell
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Minyi Shi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tsutomu Shinohara
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Maxwell R Mumbach
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ramesh V Nair
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joseph Nasser
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Daniel H Mai
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shalina Taylor
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lingli Wang
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ross J Metzger
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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10
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He L, Zhang CL, Chen Q, Wang L, Huang Y. Endothelial shear stress signal transduction and atherogenesis: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108152. [PMID: 35122834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease and its complications are among the top causes of mortality worldwide. In the vascular lumen, atherosclerotic plaques are not randomly distributed. Instead, they are preferentially localized at the curvature and bifurcations along the arterial tree, where shear stress is low or disturbed. Numerous studies demonstrate that endothelial cell phenotypic change (e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, autophagy, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, endothelial permeability, epigenetic regulation, and endothelial metabolic adaptation) induced by oscillatory shear force play a fundamental role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Mechano-sensors, adaptor proteins, kinases, and transcriptional factors work closely at different layers to transduce the shear stress force from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in endothelial cells, thereby controlling the expression of genes that determine cell fate and phenotype. An in-depth understanding of these mechano-sensitive signaling cascades shall provide new translational strategies for therapeutic intervention of atherosclerotic vascular disease. This review updates the recent advances in endothelial mechano-transduction and its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and highlights the perspective of new anti-atherosclerosis therapies through targeting these mechano-regulated signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Glucose Starvation or Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activation Induce a Broad, ERK5-Mediated, Metabolic Remodeling Leading to Fatty Acid Oxidation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091392. [PMID: 35563698 PMCID: PMC9104157 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have metabolic flexibility that allows them to adapt to changes in substrate availability. Two highly relevant metabolites are glucose and fatty acids (FA), and hence, glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) are key metabolic pathways leading to energy production. Both pathways affect each other, and in the absence of one substrate, metabolic flexibility allows cells to maintain sufficient energy production. Here, we show that glucose starvation or sustained pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activation by dichloroacetate (DCA) induce large genetic remodeling to propel FAO. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) is a key effector of this multistep metabolic remodeling. First, there is an increase in the lipid transport by expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins (LRP), e.g., CD36, LRP1 and others. Second, an increase in the expression of members of the acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain (ACSL) family activates FA. Finally, the expression of the enzymes that catalyze the initial step in each cycle of FAO, i.e., the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs), is induced. All of these pathways lead to enhanced cellular FAO. In summary, we show here that different families of enzymes, which are essential to perform FAO, are regulated by the signaling pathway, i.e., MEK5/ERK5, which transduces changes from the environment to genetic adaptations.
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12
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Chen XH, Tan Y, Yu S, Lu L, Deng Y. Pinitol Protects Against Ox-Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Endothelial Inflammation and Monocytes Attachment. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:368-374. [PMID: 34861664 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease that affects a majority of people around the world at old age. Atherosclerosis is slow to develop and challenging to treat. Endothelial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and other pathological factors drives the process of atherogenesis. LOX-1 is one of the main scavenging receptors for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and contributes to atherogenesis by inducing overproduction of reactive oxygen species, increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and secretion of cellular adhesion molecules. In addition, activation of LOX-1 inhibits the expression of KLF2, a key protective factor against atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of pinitol, and naturally occurring cyclic polyol, on endothelial dysfunction induced by ox-LDL. Our findings show that pinitol revealed a good safety profile, as evidenced by reducing lactate dehydrogenase release in human aortic endothelial cells. In our experiments, pinitol reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and expression of IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induced by ox-LDL. Pinitol also significantly reduced the attachment of THP-1 monocytes to endothelial cells via downregulation of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin. Importantly, we found that pinitol reduced the expression of LOX-1 induced by ox-LDL and rescued the expression of KLF2, which is dependent on ERK5 expression. Together, our findings provide notable evidence that pinitol may have potential implication in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanchang First Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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13
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Paolini A, Fontana F, Pham VC, Rödel CJ, Abdelilah-Seyfried S. Mechanosensitive Notch-Dll4 and Klf2-Wnt9 signaling pathways intersect in guiding valvulogenesis in zebrafish. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109782. [PMID: 34610316 PMCID: PMC8511505 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the zebrafish embryo, the onset of blood flow generates fluid shear stress on endocardial cells, which are specialized endothelial cells that line the interior of the heart. High levels of fluid shear stress activate both Notch and Klf2 signaling, which play crucial roles in atrioventricular valvulogenesis. However, it remains unclear why only individual endocardial cells ingress into the cardiac jelly and initiate valvulogenesis. Here, we show that lateral inhibition between endocardial cells, mediated by Notch, singles out Delta-like-4-positive endocardial cells. These cells ingress into the cardiac jelly, where they form an abluminal cell population. Delta-like-4-positive cells ingress in response to Wnt9a, which is produced in parallel through an Erk5-Klf2-Wnt9a signaling cascade also activated by blood flow. Hence, mechanical stimulation activates parallel mechanosensitive signaling pathways that produce binary effects by driving endocardial cells toward either luminal or abluminal fates. Ultimately, these cell fate decisions sculpt cardiac valve leaflets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Paolini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Federica Fontana
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Van-Cuong Pham
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claudia Jasmin Rödel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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14
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Vanchin B, Sol M, Gjaltema RAF, Brinker M, Kiers B, Pereira AC, Harmsen MC, Moonen JRAJ, Krenning G. Reciprocal regulation of endothelial-mesenchymal transition by MAPK7 and EZH2 in intimal hyperplasia and coronary artery disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17764. [PMID: 34493753 PMCID: PMC8423795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a form of endothelial dysfunction wherein endothelial cells acquire a mesenchymal phenotype and lose endothelial functions, which contributes to the pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. The mitogen activated protein kinase 7 (MAPK7) inhibits EndMT and decreases the expression of the histone methyltransferase Enhancer-of-Zeste homologue 2 (EZH2), thereby maintaining endothelial quiescence. EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 that methylates lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3). It is elusive how the crosstalk between MAPK7 and EZH2 is regulated in the endothelium and if the balance between MAPK7 and EZH2 is disturbed in vascular disease. In human coronary artery disease, we assessed the expression levels of MAPK7 and EZH2 and found that with increasing intima/media thickness ratio, MAPK7 expression decreased, whereas EZH2 expression increased. In vitro, MAPK7 activation decreased EZH2 expression, whereas endothelial cells deficient of EZH2 had increased MAPK7 activity. MAPK7 activation results in increased expression of microRNA (miR)-101, a repressor of EZH2. This loss of EZH2 in turn results in the increased expression of the miR-200 family, culminating in decreased expression of the dual-specificity phosphatases 1 and 6 who may repress MAPK7 activity. Transfection of endothelial cells with miR-200 family members decreased the endothelial sensitivity to TGFβ1-induced EndMT. In endothelial cells there is reciprocity between MAPK7 signaling and EZH2 expression and disturbances in this reciprocal signaling associate with the induction of EndMT and severity of human coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byambasuren Vanchin
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Jamyan St 3, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Marloes Sol
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger A F Gjaltema
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marja Brinker
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Kiers
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology (LIM13), Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Eneas C. Aguiar 44, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology (LIM13), Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Eneas C. Aguiar 44, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Renier A J Moonen
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (CA40), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Krenning
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Pleiotropic and Potentially Beneficial Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on the Intracellular Signaling Pathways in Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060904. [PMID: 34205032 PMCID: PMC8229098 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are exposed to molecular dioxygen and its derivative reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are now well established as important signaling messengers. Excessive production of ROS, however, results in oxidative stress, a significant contributor to the development of numerous diseases. Here, we analyze the experimental data and theoretical concepts concerning positive pro-survival effects of ROS on signaling pathways in endothelial cells (ECs). Our analysis of the available experimental data suggests possible positive roles of ROS in induction of pro-survival pathways, downstream of the Gi-protein-coupled receptors, which mimics insulin signaling and prevention or improvement of the endothelial dysfunction. It is, however, doubtful, whether ROS can contribute to the stabilization of the endothelial barrier.
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16
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Psefteli PM, Kitscha P, Vizcay G, Fleck R, Chapple SJ, Mann GE, Fowler M, Siow RC. Glycocalyx sialic acids regulate Nrf2-mediated signaling by fluid shear stress in human endothelial cells. Redox Biol 2021; 38:101816. [PMID: 33340902 PMCID: PMC7750408 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway is critical for vascular endothelial redox homeostasis in regions of high, unidirectional shear stress (USS), however the underlying mechanosensitive mediators are not fully understood. The endothelial glycocalyx is disrupted in arterial areas exposed to disturbed blood flow that also exhibit enhanced oxidative stress leading to atherogenesis. We investigated the contribution of glycocalyx sialic acids (SIA) to Nrf2 signaling in human endothelial cells (EC) exposed to atheroprotective USS or atherogenic low oscillatory shear stress (OSS). Cells exposed to USS exhibited a thicker glycocalyx and enhanced turnover of SIA which was reduced in cells cultured under OSS. Physiological USS, but not disturbed OSS, enhanced Nrf2-mediated expression of antioxidant enzymes, which was attenuated following SIA cleavage with exogenous neuraminidase. SIA removal disrupted kinase signaling involved in the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 elicited by USS and promoted mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation. Notably, knockdown of the endogenous sialidase NEU1 potentiated Nrf2 target gene expression, directly implicating SIA in regulation of Nrf2 signaling by USS. In the absence of SIA, deficits in Nrf2 responses to physiological flow were also associated with a pro-inflammatory EC phenotype. This study demonstrates that the glycocalyx modulates endothelial redox state in response to shear stress and provides the first evidence of an atheroprotective synergism between SIA and Nrf2 antioxidant signaling. The endothelial glycocalyx therefore represents a potential therapeutic target against EC dysfunction in cardiovascular disease and redox dyshomeostasis in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi-Maria Psefteli
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Phoebe Kitscha
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Gema Vizcay
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Roland Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Chapple
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Fowler
- Strategic Science Group, Unilever R&D, Colworth Science Park, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C Siow
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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17
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Russo TA, Banuth AMM, Nader HB, Dreyfuss JL. Altered shear stress on endothelial cells leads to remodeling of extracellular matrix and induction of angiogenesis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241040. [PMID: 33211705 PMCID: PMC7676693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are subjected to physical forces such as shear stress (SS) induced by blood flow that leads to significant changes in morphology, physiology and gene expression. The abnormal mechanical forces applied in the cardiovascular system can influence the development of conditions and diseases such as thrombosis, hypertension and atherosclerosis. This study investigated the expression of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans and extracellular matrix molecules in ECs exposed to normal and altered SS. ECs were exposed to SS of 12 dyn/cm2 (artery physiological condition) and 4 dyn/cm2 (artery pathological condition). Subsequently, ECs were subjected to immunofluorescence, qPCR, GAG biosynthesis analyses and cell-based assays. SS induced changes in ECs morphology. There were other pathological consequences of altered SS, including inhibited adhesion, stimulation of migration and capillary-like tube formation, as well as increases of GAG synthesis. We observed higher expression of syndecan-4, perlecan, decorin, fibronectin and collagen III α1 and growth factors, including VEGF-A and TGFβ-1. ECs exposed to SS displayed extracellular matrix remodeling as well as expression of cell-matrix and cell-cell interaction molecules. This study contributes to the understanding of how vascular biology is affected by mechanical forces and how these molecules can be affected in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Russo
- Molecular Biology Division, Department of Biochemistry, Carl Peter von Dietrich Laboratory, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A. M. M. Banuth
- Molecular Biology Division, Department of Biochemistry, Carl Peter von Dietrich Laboratory, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H. B. Nader
- Molecular Biology Division, Department of Biochemistry, Carl Peter von Dietrich Laboratory, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J. L. Dreyfuss
- Molecular Biology Division, Department of Biochemistry, Carl Peter von Dietrich Laboratory, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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18
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Akin-Bali DF, Eroglu T, Ilk S, Egin Y, Kankilic T. Evaluation of the role of Nrf2/Keap1 pathway-associated novel mutations and gene expression on antioxidant status in patients with deep vein thrombosis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:868-881. [PMID: 32742329 PMCID: PMC7388273 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a type of venous thromboembolism and a clinically complex vascular disease. Oxidative stress serves a key role in the pathogenesis of numerous cardiovascular diseases, particularly in endothelial dysfunction-associated syndromes. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-like 2(Nrf2) transcription factor is the primary regulator of antioxidant responses. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are regulated by Nrf2 and its suppressor protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). However, to the best of our knowledge, genetic abnormalites in the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in DVT syndrome have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway and antioxidant responses in DVT. Mutations and expression levels of genes involved in the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway were measured in 27 patients with DVT via DNA sequencing analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, respectively. The Polymorphism Phenotyping v2 program was used to identify the pathogenic mutations. Total antioxidant activity levels were determined by measuring the effect of serum samples from 27 patients with DVT on oxidation of the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) system. A total of 23 mutations, including seven novel mutations, were detected in the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in 24 (89%) of the 27 patients with DVT. Keap1 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher compared with Nrf2 expression levels in patients with DVT (P=0.02). Analysis of molecular characteristics and gene expression levels demonstrated that Nrf2/Keap1-associated mutations and total antioxidant levels can be used as precursor markers in the diagnosis of DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Fatma Akin-Bali
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240 Nigde, Turkey
| | - Tamer Eroglu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240 Nigde, Turkey
| | - Sedef Ilk
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240 Nigde, Turkey
| | - Yonca Egin
- Department of Pediatric Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Teoman Kankilic
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Literature, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240 Nigde, Turkey
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19
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Sadhukhan R, Leung JWC, Garg S, Krager KJ, Savenka AV, Basnakian AG, Pathak R. Fractionated radiation suppresses Kruppel-like factor 2 pathway to a greater extent than by single exposure to the same total dose. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7734. [PMID: 32382091 PMCID: PMC7206069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a positive transcriptional regulator of several endothelial protective molecules, including thrombomodulin (TM), a surface receptor, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), an enzyme that generates nitric oxide (NO). Loss of TM and eNOS causes endothelial dysfunction, which results in suppressed generation of activated protein C (APC) by TM-thrombin complex and in upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Mechanistic studies revealed that activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) via upregulation of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) induces KLF2 expression. Radiation causes endothelial dysfunction, but no study has investigated radiation’s effects on the KLF2 pathway. Because fractionated radiation is routinely used during cancer radiotherapy, we decided to delineate the effects of radiation dose fractionation on the KLF2 signaling cascade at early time points (up to 24 h). We exposed human primary endothelial cells to radiation as a series of fractionated or as a single exposure, with the same total dose delivered to each group. We measured the expression and activity of critical members of the KLF2 pathway at subsequent time points, and determined whether pharmacological upregulation of KLF2 can reverse the radiation effects. Compared to single exposure, fractionated radiation profoundly suppressed KLF2, TM, and eNOS levels, subdued APC generation, declined KLF2 binding ability to TM and eNOS promoters, enhanced ICAM-1 expression, and decreased expression of upstream regulators of KLF2 (ERK5 and MEF2). Pharmacological inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway prevented fractionated-radiation–induced suppression of KLF2, TM, and eNOS expression. Finally, fractionated irradiation to thoracic region more profoundly suppressed KLF2 and enhanced ICAM-1 expression than single exposure in the lung at 24 h. These data clearly indicate that radiation dose fractionation plays a critical role in modulating levels of KLF2, its upstream regulators, and its downstream target molecules in endothelial cells. Our findings will provide important insights for selecting fractionated regimens during radiotherapy and for developing strategies to alleviate radiotherapy-induced toxicity to healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Sadhukhan
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Justin W C Leung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sarthak Garg
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kimberly J Krager
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Alena V Savenka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Alexei G Basnakian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Rupak Pathak
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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20
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Börzsei D, Szabó R, Hoffmann A, Veszelka M, Pávó I, Turcsán Z, Viczián C, Kupai K, Varga C, Pósa A. Distinct Approaches of Raloxifene: Its Far-Reaching Beneficial Effects Implicating the HO-System. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030375. [PMID: 32121307 PMCID: PMC7175347 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) were discovered in the mid-1900s in connection with estrogen-related pathological conditions. They were developed to antagonize the adverse effects of estrogen and have been shown to be effective against postmenopausal disorders manifested by estrogen deficiency. Raloxifene (RAL), one of the most widely used SERMs, expresses estrogen-like effects on bones, while it is found to be an antagonist on breast and uterus. RAL has multiple beneficial effects throughout the body, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, because of which it gains particular attention. Additionally, previous studies have revealed that RAL is an efficient modulator of heme-oxygenase (HO) expression. HO, through its general activity, participates in comprehensive cell defense processes, thus the induction of HO by RAL administration indicates a major role in its therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we compile the current knowledge about the overall metabolic, neurocognitive, and cardiovascular effects of RAL involving the cytoprotective HO-system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Börzsei
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.B.); (R.S.); (A.H.); (M.V.); (I.P.); (Z.T.); (C.V.); (K.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Renáta Szabó
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.B.); (R.S.); (A.H.); (M.V.); (I.P.); (Z.T.); (C.V.); (K.K.); (C.V.)
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Hoffmann
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.B.); (R.S.); (A.H.); (M.V.); (I.P.); (Z.T.); (C.V.); (K.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Médea Veszelka
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.B.); (R.S.); (A.H.); (M.V.); (I.P.); (Z.T.); (C.V.); (K.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Imre Pávó
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.B.); (R.S.); (A.H.); (M.V.); (I.P.); (Z.T.); (C.V.); (K.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Zsolt Turcsán
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.B.); (R.S.); (A.H.); (M.V.); (I.P.); (Z.T.); (C.V.); (K.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Csaba Viczián
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.B.); (R.S.); (A.H.); (M.V.); (I.P.); (Z.T.); (C.V.); (K.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Krisztina Kupai
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.B.); (R.S.); (A.H.); (M.V.); (I.P.); (Z.T.); (C.V.); (K.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.B.); (R.S.); (A.H.); (M.V.); (I.P.); (Z.T.); (C.V.); (K.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Anikó Pósa
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.B.); (R.S.); (A.H.); (M.V.); (I.P.); (Z.T.); (C.V.); (K.K.); (C.V.)
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-544884; Fax: +36-62-544291
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Atchison L, Abutaleb NO, Snyder-Mounts E, Gete Y, Ladha A, Ribar T, Cao K, Truskey GA. iPSC-Derived Endothelial Cells Affect Vascular Function in a Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessel Model of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:325-337. [PMID: 32032552 PMCID: PMC7013250 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare disorder caused by a point mutation in the Lamin A gene that produces the protein progerin. Progerin toxicity leads to accelerated aging and death from cardiovascular disease. To elucidate the effects of progerin on endothelial cells, we prepared tissue-engineered blood vessels (viTEBVs) using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived smooth muscle cells (viSMCs) and endothelial cells (viECs) from HGPS patients. HGPS viECs aligned with flow but exhibited reduced flow-responsive gene expression and altered NOS3 levels. Relative to viTEBVs with healthy cells, HGPS viTEBVs showed reduced function and exhibited markers of cardiovascular disease associated with endothelium. HGPS viTEBVs exhibited a reduction in both vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Preparing viTEBVs with HGPS viECs and healthy viSMCs only reduced vasodilation. Furthermore, HGPS viECs produced VCAM1 and E-selectin protein in TEBVs with healthy or HGPS viSMCs. In summary, the viTEBV model has identified a role of the endothelium in HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Atchison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nadia O Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Yantenew Gete
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics at University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Alim Ladha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas Ribar
- Duke iPSC Shared Resource Facility at Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kan Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics at University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - George A Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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22
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Singh MV, Kotla S, Le NT, Ae Ko K, Heo KS, Wang Y, Fujii Y, Thi Vu H, McBeath E, Thomas TN, Jin Gi Y, Tao Y, Medina JL, Taunton J, Carson N, Dogra V, Doyley MM, Tyrell A, Lu W, Qiu X, Stirpe NE, Gates KJ, Hurley C, Fujiwara K, Maggirwar SB, Schifitto G, Abe JI. Senescent Phenotype Induced by p90RSK-NRF2 Signaling Sensitizes Monocytes and Macrophages to Oxidative Stress in HIV-Positive Individuals. Circulation 2019; 139:1199-1216. [PMID: 30586719 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of cardiovascular disease is higher in HIV-positive (HIV+) patients than it is in the average population, and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the molecular mechanisms that link cART and cardiovascular disease are currently unknown. Our study explores the role of the activation of p90RSK, a reactive oxygen species-sensitive kinase, in engendering senescent phenotype in macrophages and accelerating atherogenesis in patients undergoing cART. METHODS Peripheral whole blood from cART-treated HIV+ individuals and nontreated HIV-negative individuals was treated with H2O2 (200 µmol/L) for 4 minutes, and p90RSK activity in CD14+ monocytes was measured. Plaque formation in the carotids was also analyzed in these individuals. Macrophage senescence was determined by evaluating their efferocytotic ability, antioxidation-related molecule expression, telomere length, and inflammatory gene expression. The involvement of p90RSK-NRF2 signaling in cART-induced senescence was assessed by p90RSK-specific inhibitor (FMK-MEA) or dominant-negative p90RSK (DN-p90RSK) and NRF2 activator (NRF2A). Further, the severity of atherosclerosis was determined in myeloid cell-specific wild-type and DN-p90RSK transgenic mice. RESULTS Monocytes from HIV+ patients exhibited higher levels of p90RSK activity and were also more sensitive to reactive oxygen species than monocytes from HIV-negative individuals. A multiple linear regression analysis involving cART, Reynolds cardiovascular risk score, and basal p90RSK activity revealed that cART and basal p90RSK activity were the 2 significant determinants of plaque formation. Many of the antiretroviral drugs individually activated p90RSK, which simultaneously triggered all components of the macrophage senescent phenotype. cART inhibited antioxidant response element reporter activity via ERK5 S496 phosphorylation. NRF2A reversed the H2O2-induced overactivation of p90RSK in cART-treated macrophages by countering the induction of senescent phenotype. Last, the data obtained from our gain- or loss-of-function mice conclusively showed the crucial role of p90RSK in inducing senescent phenotype in macrophages and atherogenesis. CONCLUSIONS cART increased monocyte/macrophage sensitivity to reactive oxygen species- in HIV+ individuals by suppressing NRF2-ARE activity via p90RSK-mediated ERK5 S496 phosphorylation, which coordinately elicited senescent phenotypes and proinflammatory responses. As such, our report underscores the importance of p90RSK regulation in monocytes/macrophages as a viable biomarker and therapeutic target for preventing cardiovascular disease, especially in HIV+ patients treated with cART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera V Singh
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (M.V.S., N.E.S., K.J.G., S.B.M.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.).,Radiology Research (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.).,Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences (N.-T.L.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX.,Radiology Research (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX
| | - Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.).,Radiology Research (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.).,Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (K.-S.H.)
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Yuka Fujii
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Hang Thi Vu
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Elena McBeath
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Tamlyn N Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Young Jin Gi
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Yunting Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Jan L Medina
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Jack Taunton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California-San Francisco (J.T.)
| | - Nancy Carson
- Imaging Sciences (N.C., V.D.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Vikram Dogra
- Imaging Sciences (N.C., V.D.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Marvin M Doyley
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (M.M.D.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Alicia Tyrell
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology (A.T., W.L., X.Q.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Wang Lu
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology (A.T., W.L., X.Q.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Xing Qiu
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology (A.T., W.L., X.Q.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Nicole E Stirpe
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (M.V.S., N.E.S., K.J.G., S.B.M.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Kathleen J Gates
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (M.V.S., N.E.S., K.J.G., S.B.M.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Christine Hurley
- Medicine, Infectious Disease (C.H.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Keigi Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
| | - Sanjay B Maggirwar
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (M.V.S., N.E.S., K.J.G., S.B.M.), University of Rochester, NY
| | | | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (S.K., N.-T.L., K.A.K., K.-S.H., Y.W., Y.F., H.T.V., E.M., T.N.T., Y.J.G., Y.T., J.L.M., K.F., J.-i.A.)
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Tsushima M, Liu J, Hirao W, Yamazaki H, Tomita H, Itoh K. Emerging evidence for crosstalk between Nrf2 and mitochondria in physiological homeostasis and in heart disease. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 43:286-296. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Zemskov EA, Lu Q, Ornatowski W, Klinger CN, Desai AA, Maltepe E, Yuan JXJ, Wang T, Fineman JR, Black SM. Biomechanical Forces and Oxidative Stress: Implications for Pulmonary Vascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:819-842. [PMID: 30623676 PMCID: PMC6751394 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress in the cell is characterized by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are the main ROS involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism. As our fundamental understanding of the underlying causes of lung disease has increased it has become evident that oxidative stress plays a critical role. Recent Advances: A number of cells in the lung both produce, and respond to, ROS. These include vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells as well as the cells involved in the inflammatory response, including macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils. The redox system is involved in multiple aspects of cell metabolism and cell homeostasis. Critical Issues: Dysregulation of the cellular redox system has consequential effects on cell signaling pathways that are intimately involved in disease progression. The lung is exposed to biomechanical forces (fluid shear stress, cyclic stretch, and pressure) due to the passage of blood through the pulmonary vessels and the distension of the lungs during the breathing cycle. Cells within the lung respond to these forces by activating signal transduction pathways that alter their redox state with both physiologic and pathologic consequences. Future Directions: Here, we will discuss the intimate relationship between biomechanical forces and redox signaling and its role in the development of pulmonary disease. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms induced by biomechanical forces in the pulmonary vasculature is necessary for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Wojciech Ornatowski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christina N Klinger
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
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Patel R, Varghese JF, Singh RP, Yadav UC. Induction of endothelial dysfunction by oxidized low-density lipoproteins via downregulation of Erk-5/Mef2c/KLF2 signaling: Amelioration by fisetin. Biochimie 2019; 163:152-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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The Protective Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Atherosclerotic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153628. [PMID: 31344980 PMCID: PMC6695885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of heme to generate ferrous iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin. These products have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-thrombotic properties. Although HO-1 is expressed at low levels in most tissues under basal conditions, it is highly inducible in response to various pathophysiological stresses/stimuli. HO-1 induction is thus thought to be an adaptive defense system that functions to protect cells and tissues against injury in many disease settings. In atherosclerosis, HO-1 may play a protective role against the progression of atherosclerosis, mainly due to the degradation of pro-oxidant heme, the generation of anti-oxidants biliverdin and bilirubin and the production of vasodilator CO. In animal models, a lack of HO-1 was shown to accelerate atherosclerosis, whereas HO-1 induction reduced atherosclerosis. It was also reported that HO-1 induction improved the cardiac function and postinfarction survival in animal models of heart failure or myocardial infarction. Recently, we and others examined blood HO-1 levels in patients with atherosclerotic diseases, e.g., coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Taken together, these findings to date support the notion that HO-1 plays a protective role against the progression of atherosclerotic diseases. This review summarizes the roles of HO-1 in atherosclerosis and focuses on the clinical studies that examined the relationships between HO-1 levels and atherosclerotic diseases.
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Magnesium lithospermate B protects the endothelium from inflammation-induced dysfunction through activation of Nrf2 pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:867-878. [PMID: 30617294 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) is an active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix, a traditional Chinese herb used in treating cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of MLB against inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction in vitro and in vivo, and the underlying mechanisms. Endothelial dysfunction was induced in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in vitro by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/mL). We showed that pretreatment with MLB (10-100 μM) dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of inflammatory cytokines ICAM1, VCAM1, and TNFα, which contributed to reduced leukocytes adhesion and attenuation of endothelial hyperpermeability in HMEC-1 cells. SD rats were injected with LPS (10 mg/kg, ip) to induce endothelial dysfunction in vivo. We showed that pretreatment with MLB (25-100 mg/kg, ip) dose-dependently restored LPS-impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilation in superior mesenteric artery (SMA), attenuated leukocyte adhesion in mesenteric venules and decreased vascular leakage in the lungs. We further elucidated the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of MLB, and revealed that MLB pretreatment inhibited NF-κB activation through inhibition of IκBα degradation and subsequent phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in vitro and in vivo. In HMEC-1 cells, MLB pretreatment activated the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Knockdown of Nrf2 with siRNA abolished the inhibitory effects of MLB on IκBα degradation and ICAM1 up-regulation, which were mimicked by PKC inhibition (Gö6983) or PI3K/Akt inhibition (LY294002). In summary, our results demonstrate that MLB inhibits NF-κB activation through PKC- and PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2 activation in HMEC-1 cells and protects against LPS-induced endothelial dysfunction in murine model of acute inflammation.
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28
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Wei M, Liu Y, Pi Z, Li S, Hu M, He Y, Yue K, Liu T, Liu Z, Song F, Liu Z. Systematically Characterize the Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Mechanism of Lignans from S. chinensis based on In-Vivo Ingredient Analysis and Target-Network Pharmacology Strategy by UHPLC⁻Q-TOF-MS. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071203. [PMID: 30934777 PMCID: PMC6480032 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignans from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill can ameliorate cognitive impairment in animals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the metabolism of absorbed ingredients and the potential targets of the lignans from S. chinensis in animals with AD have not been systematically investigated. Therefore, for the first time, we performed an in-vivo ingredient analysis and implemented a target-network pharmacology strategy to assess the effects of lignans from S. chinensis in rats with AD. Ten absorbed prototype constituents and 39 metabolites were identified or tentatively characterized in the plasma of dosed rats with AD using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Based on the results of analysis of the effective constituents in vivo, the potential therapeutic mechanism of the effective constituents in the rats with AD was investigated using a target-network pharmacology approach and independent experimental validation. The results showed that the treatment effects of lignans from S. chinensis on cognitive impairment might involve the regulation of amyloid precursor protein metabolism, neurofibrillary tangles, neurotransmitter metabolism, inflammatory response, and antioxidant system. Overall, we identified the effective components of lignans in S. chinensis that can improve the cognitive impairment induced by AD and proposed potential therapeutic metabolic pathways. The results might serve as the basis for a fundamental strategy to explore effective therapeutic drugs to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China.
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zifeng Pi
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Shizhe Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Mingxin Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yang He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, 8 Anji East Road, Zhuhai 519041, China.
| | - Kexin Yue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Fengrui Song
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Zhongying Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, 1266 Fujin Road, Changchun 130021, China.
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Paone S, Baxter AA, Hulett MD, Poon IKH. Endothelial cell apoptosis and the role of endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles in the progression of atherosclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1093-1106. [PMID: 30569278 PMCID: PMC11105274 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To maintain physiological homeostasis, cell turnover occurs every day in the body via a form of programmed cell death called apoptosis. During apoptosis, cells undergo distinct morphological changes culminating in the disassembly of the dying cell into smaller fragments known as apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs). Dysregulation of apoptosis is associated with diseases including infection, cancer and atherosclerosis. Although the development of atherosclerosis is largely attributed to the accumulation of lipids and inflammatory debris in vessel walls, it is also associated with apoptosis of macrophages, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells. During cellular activation and apoptosis, endothelial cells can release several types of membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes, microvesicles (MVs)/microparticles and ApoBDs. Emerging evidence in the field suggests that these endothelial cell-derived EVs (EndoEVs) can contribute to intercellular communication during the development of atherosclerosis via the transfer of cellular contents such as protein and microRNA, which may prevent or promote disease progression depending on the context. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the known causes and consequences of endothelial cell death during atherosclerosis along with highlighting current methodological approaches to studying EndoEVs and the potential roles of EndoEVs in atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Paone
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Amy A Baxter
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Mark D Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Ivan K H Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Niu N, Xu S, Xu Y, Little PJ, Jin ZG. Targeting Mechanosensitive Transcription Factors in Atherosclerosis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:253-266. [PMID: 30826122 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the primary underlying cause of cardiovascular disease which preferentially develops at arterial regions exposed to disturbed flow (DF), but much less at regions of unidirectional laminar flow (UF). Recent studies have demonstrated that DF and UF differentially regulate important aspects of endothelial function, such as vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular tone, cell proliferation, senescence, mitochondrial function, and glucose metabolism. DF and UF regulate vascular pathophysiology via differential regulation of mechanosensitive transcription factors (MSTFs) (KLF2, KLF4, NRF2, YAP/TAZ/TEAD, HIF-1α, NF-κB, AP-1, and others). Emerging studies show that MSTFs represent promising therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. We present here a comprehensive overview of the role of MSTFs in atherosclerosis, and highlight future directions for developing novel therapeutic agents by targeting MSTFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Niu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Yanni Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Drug (Microbiology) Screening Laboratory, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Zheng-Gen Jin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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31
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Zheng J, Chen K, Zhu Y, Wang H, Chen Z, Yong X, Yin H, Chen J, Lai K, Liu Y. The neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist aprepitant ameliorates oxidized LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction via KLF2. Mol Immunol 2019; 106:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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32
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Vanchin B, Offringa E, Friedrich J, Brinker MG, Kiers B, Pereira AC, Harmsen MC, Moonen JRA, Krenning G. MicroRNA-374b induces endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and early lesion formation through the inhibition of MAPK7 signaling. J Pathol 2019; 247:456-470. [PMID: 30565701 PMCID: PMC6590197 DOI: 10.1002/path.5204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial–mesenchymal transition occurs during intimal hyperplasia and neointima formation via mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Endothelial MAPK7 signaling is a key mechanosensitive factor that protects against endothelial–mesenchymal transition, but its signaling activity is lost in vessel areas that are undergoing pathological remodeling. At sites of vascular remodeling in mice and pigs, endothelial MAPK7 signaling was lost. The TGFβ‐induced microRNA‐374b targets MAPK7 and its downstream effectors in endothelial cells, and its expression induces endothelial–mesenchymal transition. Gain‐of‐function experiments, where endothelial MAPK7 signaling was restored, precluded endothelial–mesenchymal transition. In human coronary artery disease, disease severity is associated with decreased MAPK7 expression levels and increased miR‐374b expression levels. Endothelial–mesenchymal transition occurs in intimal hyperplasia and early lesion formation and is governed in part by microRNA‐374b‐induced silencing of MAPK7 signaling. Restoration of MAPK7 signaling abrogated these pathological effects in endothelial cells expressing miR‐374b. Thus, our data suggest that the TGFβ‐miR‐374b‐MAPK7 axis plays a key role in the induction of endothelial–mesenchymal transition during intimal hyperplasia and early lesion formation and might pose an interesting target for antiatherosclerosis therapy. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byambasuren Vanchin
- Department Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Offringa
- Department Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Friedrich
- Department Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department Endocrinology, 5th Medical Clinic, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marja Gl Brinker
- Department Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Kiers
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology (LIM13), University of São Paulo, Heart Institute (InCor), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology (LIM13), University of São Paulo, Heart Institute (InCor), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- Department Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Renier Aj Moonen
- Department Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guido Krenning
- Department Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Kim S, Woo CH. Laminar Flow Inhibits ER Stress-Induced Endothelial Apoptosis through PI3K/Akt-Dependent Signaling Pathway. Mol Cells 2018; 41:964-970. [PMID: 30396238 PMCID: PMC6277562 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis preferentially involves in prone area of low and disturbed blood flow while steady and high levels of laminar blood flow are relatively protected from atherosclerosis. Disturbed flow induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress is caused under stress that disturbs the processing and folding of proteins resulting in the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER and activation of the UPR. Prolonged or severe UPR leads to activate apoptotic signaling. Recent studies have indicated that disturbed flow significantly up-regulated p-ATF6α, p-IRE1α, and its target spliced XBP-1. However, the role of laminar flow in ER stress-mediated endothelial apoptosis has not been reported yet. The present study thus investigated the role of laminar flow in ER stress-dependent endothelial cell death. The results demonstrated that laminar flow protects ER stress-induced cleavage forms of PARP-1 and caspase-3. Also, laminar flow inhibits ER stress-induced p-eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, spliced XBP-1, ATF6 and JNK pathway; these effects are abrogated by pharmacological inhibition of PI3K with wortmannin. Finally, nitric oxide affects thapsigargin-induced cell death in response to laminar flow but not UPR. Taken together, these findings indicate that laminar flow inhibits UPR and ER stress-induced endothelial cell death via PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Smart-Ageing Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415,
Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Woo
- Department of Pharmacology and Smart-Ageing Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415,
Korea
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34
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Russo TA, Stoll D, Nader HB, Dreyfuss JL. Mechanical stretch implications for vascular endothelial cells: Altered extracellular matrix synthesis and remodeling in pathological conditions. Life Sci 2018; 213:214-225. [PMID: 30343127 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, thrombosis and atherosclerosis are responses to mechanical forces applied to the endothelium. Endothelial cells respond to hemodynamic mechanical forces such as cellular mechanical stretching. We investigated the expression of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and other extracellular matrix molecules in endothelial cells subjected to various mechanical stimuli. MAIN METHODS Endothelial cells were subjected to mechanical stretch in a vacuum system FlexCell™ to 5% (physiological condition) and 15% (pathological condition), for 4 h or 24 h. Culture plates not subjected to strain were used as controls. Subsequently, ECs were subjected to immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, PCR array, glycosaminoglycans biosynthesis using metabolic radiolabeling with 35S-sulfate and cell behavior assays (adhesion, migration and capillary tube formation). KEY FINDINGS Mechanical stretch induced changes in endothelial cell morphology. Pathological consequences of mechanical stretch included inhibited migration in 2-fold and capillary-like tube formation in 2-fold, when compared to physiological condition after 4 h of ECs exposure; it also reduced total sulfated glycosaminoglycans synthesis thereabout 1.5-fold. Pathological mechanical stretch conditions induced higher expression after 24 h of ECs exposure to mechanical stretch of syndecan-4 (3.5-fold), perlecan (9.1-fold), decorin (5.7-fold), adhesive proteins as fibronectin (5.6-fold) and collagen III α1 (2.2-fold) and growth factors, including VEGF-A (7.3-fold) and TGFβ-1 (14.6-fold) and TGFβ-3 (4.3-fold). SIGNIFICANCE Exposure of endothelial cells to mechanical stretch influenced remodeling of the extracellular matrix as well as cell-matrix interactions. These studies improve understanding of how vascular biology is affected by mechanical forces and how these molecules behave in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Russo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Division, Carl Peter von Dietrich Laboratory, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D Stoll
- Department of Nephrology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H B Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Division, Carl Peter von Dietrich Laboratory, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J L Dreyfuss
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Division, Carl Peter von Dietrich Laboratory, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil..
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PAR-1 is a novel mechano-sensor transducing laminar flow-mediated endothelial signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15172. [PMID: 30310081 PMCID: PMC6181929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) is involved in cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory responses in endothelial cells (ECs). However, the role of PAR-1 in laminar flow-mediated atheroprotective responses remains unknown. Herein, we investigated whether PAR-1 regulates laminar flow-mediated mechanotransduction in ECs. Confocal analysis showed that PAR-1 was internalized into early endosomes in response to laminar flow. In addition, flow cytometry analysis showed that cell surface expression of PAR-1 was reduced by laminar flow, suggesting that PAR-1 was activated in response to laminar flow. Depletion of PAR-1 using human PAR-1 siRNA inhibited unidirectional laminar flow-mediated actin stress fiber formation and cellular alignment as well as atheroprotective gene expressions in HUVECs. Moreover, PAR-1 knockdown inhibited laminar flow-stimulated eNOS phosphorylation, and inhibited the phosphorylations of Src, AMPK, ERK5 and HDAC5. Furthermore, PAR-1 depletion inhibited laminar flow-mediated anti-inflammatory responses as demonstrated by reduced TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression and by monocyte adhesion to HUVECs, and prevented laminar flow-mediated anti-apoptotic response. An investigation of the role of PAR-1 in vasomotor modulation using mouse aortic rings revealed that acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation was diminished in PAR-1 deficient mice compared to littermate controls. Taken together, these findings suggest that PAR-1 be viewed as a novel pharmacologic target for the treatment of vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis.
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Nour OAA, Shehatou GSG, Rahim MA, El-Awady MS, Suddek GM. Cinnamaldehyde exerts vasculoprotective effects in hypercholestrolemic rabbits. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1203-1219. [PMID: 30058017 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cinnamaldehyde (CIN), a commonly consumed food flavor, against high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced vascular damage in rabbits were evaluated. Male New Zealand rabbits (n = 24) were allocated to four groups at random: control, fed with standard rabbit chow; CIN, fed with standard diet and administered CIN; HCD, fed with 1% cholesterol-enriched diet; and HCD-CIN, fed with HCD and treated with CIN. CIN was orally given at a dose of (10 mg/kg/day) concomitantly with each diet type from day 1 until the termination of the experimental protocol (4 weeks). HCD elicited significant elevations in serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), and high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C, respectively) compared with control rabbits. Moreover, aortic levels of nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly lower, while aortic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were significantly higher, in HCD-fed rabbits relative to control animals. CIN administration mitigated or completely reversed HCD-induced metabolic alterations, vascular oxidative stress, and inflammation. Moreover, CIN ameliorated HCD-induced vascular functional and structural irregularities. Aortic rings from HCD-CIN group showed improved relaxation to acetylcholine compared to aortas from HCD group. Moreover, CIN decreased atherosclerotic lipid deposition and intima/media (I/M) ratio of HCD aortas. CIN-mediated effects might be related to its ability to attenuate the elevated aortic mRNA expression of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and MPO in HCD group. Interestingly, the vasculoprotective effects of CIN treatment in the current study do not seem to be mediated via Nrf2-dependent mechanisms. In conclusion, CIN may mitigate the development of atherosclerosis in hypercholestrolemic rabbits via cholesterol-lowering, antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia A A Nour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - George S G Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mona Abdel Rahim
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S El-Awady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Mitochondrial Complex I activity signals antioxidant response through ERK5. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7420. [PMID: 29743487 PMCID: PMC5943249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) generates ROS as a byproduct of mitochondrial complex I activity. ROS-detoxifying enzymes are made available through the activation of their antioxidant response elements (ARE) in their gene promoters. NRF2 binds to AREs and induces this anti-oxidant response. We show that cells from multiple origins performing OXPHOS induced NRF2 expression and its transcriptional activity. The NRF2 promoter contains MEF2 binding sites and the MAPK ERK5 induced MEF2-dependent NRF2 expression. Blocking OXPHOS in a mouse model decreased Erk5 and Nrf2 expression. Furthermore, fibroblasts derived from patients with mitochondrial disorders also showed low expression of ERK5 and NRF2 mRNAs. Notably, in cells lacking functional mitochondrial complex I activity OXPHOS did not induce ERK5 expression and failed to generate this anti-oxidant response. Complex I activity induces ERK5 expression through fumarate accumulation. Eukaryotic cells have evolved a genetic program to prevent oxidative stress directly linked to OXPHOS and not requiring ROS.
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Ooi BK, Goh BH, Yap WH. Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: Involvement of Nrf2 Antioxidant Redox Signaling in Macrophage Foam Cells Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112336. [PMID: 29113088 PMCID: PMC5713305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important risk factor contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress that results from excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production accounts for impaired endothelial function, a process which promotes atherosclerotic lesion or fatty streaks formation (foam cells). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor involved in cellular redox homeostasis. Upon exposure to oxidative stress, Nrf2 is dissociated from its inhibitor Keap-1 and translocated into the nucleus, where it results in the transcriptional activation of cell defense genes. Nrf2 has been demonstrated to be involved in the protection against foam cells formation by regulating the expression of antioxidant proteins (HO-1, Prxs, and GPx1), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1) and scavenger receptors (scavenger receptor class B (CD36), scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) and lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor (LOX-1)). However, Nrf2 has also been reported to exhibit pro-atherogenic effects. A better understanding on the mechanism of Nrf2 in oxidative stress-induced cardiac injury, as well as the regulation of cholesterol uptake and efflux, are required before it can serve as a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Kee Ooi
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
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Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: Involvement of Nrf2 Antioxidant Redox Signaling in Macrophage Foam Cells Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 29113088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112336.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important risk factor contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress that results from excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production accounts for impaired endothelial function, a process which promotes atherosclerotic lesion or fatty streaks formation (foam cells). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor involved in cellular redox homeostasis. Upon exposure to oxidative stress, Nrf2 is dissociated from its inhibitor Keap-1 and translocated into the nucleus, where it results in the transcriptional activation of cell defense genes. Nrf2 has been demonstrated to be involved in the protection against foam cells formation by regulating the expression of antioxidant proteins (HO-1, Prxs, and GPx1), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1) and scavenger receptors (scavenger receptor class B (CD36), scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) and lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor (LOX-1)). However, Nrf2 has also been reported to exhibit pro-atherogenic effects. A better understanding on the mechanism of Nrf2 in oxidative stress-induced cardiac injury, as well as the regulation of cholesterol uptake and efflux, are required before it can serve as a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases prevention and treatment.
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40
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Mitsuhashi T, Uemoto R, Ishikawa K, Yoshida S, Ikeda Y, Yagi S, Matsumoto T, Akaike M, Aihara KI. Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase-Independent Pleiotropic Effects of Pitavastatin Against Atherogenesis and Limb Ischemia in Mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 25:65-80. [PMID: 28592707 PMCID: PMC5770225 DOI: 10.5551/jat.37747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Statins have a protective impact against cardiovascular diseases through not only lipid-lowering effects but also pleiotropic effects, including activation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) system. We aimed to clarify the protective effects of a statin against atherogenesis and ischemia in eNOS−/− mice. Methods: Study 1. eNOS−/−Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)−/− mice were treated with a vehicle or pitavastatin (0.3 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Study 2. eNOS−/− mice were also treated with a vehicle or the same dose of pitavastatin for 2 weeks prior to hind-limb ischemia. Results: In Study 1, pitavastatin attenuated plaque formation and medial fibrosis of the aortic root with decreased macrophage infiltration in eNOS−/−ApoE−/− mice. PCR array analysis showed reductions in aortic gene expression of proatherogenic factors, including Ccl2 and Ccr2 in pitavastatin-treated double mutant mice. In addition, pitavastatin activated not only atherogenic p38MAPK and JNK but also anti-atherogenic ERK1/2 and ERK5 in the aorta of the double mutant mice. In Study 2, pitavastatin prolonged hind-limb survival after the surgery with increased BCL2-to-BAX protein ratio and inactivated JNK. Enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic genes, including Vegf, Api5, Atf5, Prdx2, and Dad1, was observed in the ischemic limb of pitavastatin-treated eNOS−/− mice. Furthermore, pitavastatin activated both aortic and skeletal muscle AMPK in the eNOS-deficient vascular injury models. Conclusion: Pitavastatin exerts eNOS-independent protective effects against atherogenesis and hindlimb ischemia in mice, which may occur via modifications on key molecules such as AMPK and diverse molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryoko Uemoto
- Department of Community Medicine for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Tokushima University
| | | | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Tokushima University
| | | | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | | | - Ken-Ichi Aihara
- Department of Community Medicine for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Tokushima University
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Hwang AR, Han JH, Lim JH, Kang YJ, Woo CH. Fluvastatin inhibits AGE-induced cell proliferation and migration via an ERK5-dependent Nrf2 pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178278. [PMID: 28542559 PMCID: PMC5439952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation endproduct (AGE)-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are emerging as important mechanisms of diabetic vasculopathy, but little is known about the molecular mechanism responsible for the antioxidative effects of statins on AGEs. It has been reported that statins exert pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system due to decreases in AGE-induced cell proliferation, migration, and vascular inflammation. Thus, in the present study, the authors investigated the molecular mechanism by which statins decrease AGE-induced cell proliferation and VSMC migration. In cultured VSMCs, statins upregulated Nrf2-related antioxidant gene, NQO1 and HO-1, via an ERK5-dependent Nrf2 pathway. Inhibition of ERK5 by siRNA or BIX02189 (a specific ERK5 inhibitor) reduced the statin-induced upregulations of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1. Furthermore, fluvastatin was found to significantly increase ARE promoter activity through ERK5 signaling, and to inhibit AGE-induced VSMC proliferation and migration as determined by MTT assay, cell counting, FACS analysis, a wound scratch assay, and a migration chamber assay. In addition, AGE-induced proliferation was diminished in the presence of Ad-CA-MEK5α encoding a constitutively active mutant form of MEK5α (an upstream kinase of ERK5), whereas depletion of Nrf2 restored statin-mediated reduction of AGE-induced cell proliferation. Moreover, fluvastatin suppressed the protein expressions of cyclin D1 and Cdk4, but induced p27, and blocked VSMC proliferation by regulating cell cycle. These results suggest statin-induced activation of an ERK5-dependent Nrf2 pathway reduces VSMC proliferation and migration induced by AGEs, and that the ERK5-Nrf2 signal module be viewed as a potential therapeutic target of vasculopathy in patients with diabetes and complications of the disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/pharmacology
- Fluvastatin
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/pharmacology
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Rang Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyang Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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42
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Protein Kinases in Pluripotency—Beyond the Usual Suspects. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:1504-1520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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43
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Hazell GGJ, Peachey AMG, Teasdale JE, Sala-Newby GB, Angelini GD, Newby AC, White SJ. PI16 is a shear stress and inflammation-regulated inhibitor of MMP2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39553. [PMID: 27996045 PMCID: PMC5171773 DOI: 10.1038/srep39553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Raised endothelial shear stress is protective against atherosclerosis but such protection may be lost at sites of inflammation. We found that four splice variants of the peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16) mRNA are among the most highly shear stress regulated transcripts in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), in vitro but that expression is reduced by inflammatory mediators TNFα and IL-1β. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that PI16 is expressed in human coronary endothelium and in a subset of neointimal cells and medial smooth muscle cells. Adenovirus-mediated PI16 overexpression inhibits HCAEC migration and secreted matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. Moreover, PI16 inhibits MMP2 in part by binding an exposed peptide loop above the active site. Our results imply that, at high endothelial shear stress, PI16 contributes to inhibition of protease activity; protection that can be reversed during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina G J Hazell
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Alasdair M G Peachey
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Jack E Teasdale
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Graciela B Sala-Newby
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Gianni D Angelini
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrew C Newby
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Stephen J White
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.,School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
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44
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Heo KS, Berk BC, Abe JI. Disturbed Flow-Induced Endothelial Proatherogenic Signaling Via Regulating Post-Translational Modifications and Epigenetic Events. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:435-50. [PMID: 26714841 PMCID: PMC5076483 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force exerted onto the vascular endothelial cell (EC) surface, influences vascular EC functions. Atherosclerotic plaque formation in the endothelium is known to be site specific: disturbed blood flow (d-flow) formed at the lesser curvature of the aortic arch and branch points promotes plaque formation, and steady laminar flow (s-flow) at the greater curvature is atheroprotective. RECENT ADVANCES Post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation and SUMOylation, and epigenetic events, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, provide a new perspective on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, elucidating how gene expression is altered by d-flow. Activation of PKCζ and p90RSK, SUMOylation of ERK5 and p53, and DNA hypermethylation are uniquely induced by d-flow, but not by s-flow. CRITICAL ISSUES Extensive cross talk has been observed among the phosphorylation, SUMOylation, acetylation, and methylation PTMs, as well as among epigenetic events along the cascade of d-flow-induced signaling, from the top (mechanosensory systems) to the bottom (epigenetic events). In addition, PKCζ activation plays a role in regulating SUMOylation-related enzymes of PIAS4, p90RSK activation plays a role in regulating SUMOylation-related enzymes of Sentrin/SUMO-specific protease (SENP)2, and DNA methyltransferase SUMOylation may play a role in d-flow signaling. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Although possible contributions of DNA events such as histone modification and the epigenetic and cytosolic events of PTMs in d-flow signaling have become clearer, determining the interplay of each PTM and epigenetic event will provide a new paradigm to elucidate the difference between d-flow and s-flow and lead to novel therapeutic interventions to inhibit plaque formation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 435-450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sun Heo
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bradford C. Berk
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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45
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Im JY, Yoon SH, Kim BK, Ban HS, Won KJ, Chung KS, Jung KE, Won M. DNA damage induced apoptosis suppressor (DDIAS) is upregulated via ERK5/MEF2B signaling and promotes β-catenin-mediated invasion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:1449-1458. [PMID: 27412911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage induced apoptosis suppressor (DDIAS) is an anti-apoptotic protein that promotes cancer cell survival. We previously reported that DDIAS is transcriptionally activated by nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATc1). However, the upstream regulation of DDIAS expression by growth factors has not been studied. Here, we demonstrate that DDIAS expression is induced by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) and myocyte enhancer factor 2B (MEF2B) in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and that it positively regulates β-catenin signaling in HeLa cells. The genetic or pharmacological inhibition of ERK5 suppressed DDIAS induction following EGF exposure and the overexpression of constitutively active MEK5 (CA-MEK5) enhanced DDIAS expression. In chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, MEF2B, a downstream target of ERK5, exhibited sequence-specific binding to a MEF2 binding site in the DDIAS promoter following treatment with EGF. The overexpression of MEF2B increased the EGF-mediated induction of DDIAS expression, whereas the knockdown of MEF2B impaired this effect. Furthermore, DDIAS promoted invasion by increasing β-catenin expression at the post-translational level in response to EGF, suggesting that DDIAS plays a crucial role in the metastasis of cancer cells by regulating β-catenin expression. It is unlikely that MEF2B and NFATc1 cooperatively regulate DDIAS transcription in response to EGF. Collectively, EGF activates the ERK5/MEF2 pathway, which in turn induces DDIAS expression to promote cancer cell invasion by activating β-catenin target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Im
- Genomic Personalized Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Yoon
- Genomic Personalized Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Kyung Kim
- Genomic Personalized Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Ban
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Genomic Personalized Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Jung
- ST Pharm. Co., LTD, Sihwa Industrial Complex 1, Kyunggido, 429-848, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Won
- Genomic Personalized Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Kilstein Y, Nowak W, Errasti AE, Feás AAB, Armesto AR, Pelorosso FG, Rothlin RP. Involvement of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 5 in Kinin B1 Receptor Upregulation in Isolated Human Umbilical Veins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:114-24. [PMID: 26769916 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.230169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The upregulated kinin B1 receptors exert a pivotal role in modulating inflammatory processes. In isolated human umbilical veins (HUVs), kinin B1 receptor is upregulated as a function of in vitro incubation time and proinflammatory stimuli. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using functional and biochemical methods, the involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) on the kinin B1 receptor upregulation process in HUV. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed for the first time that kinin B1 receptor mRNA expression closely parallels the functional sensitization to kinin B1 receptor selective agonist des-Arg(10)-kallidin (DAKD) in HUV. Moreover, the selective inhibition of ERK5, p38 MAPK, and JNK, but not ERK1/2, produced a dose-dependent rightward shift of the concentration-response curves to DAKD after 5-hour incubation and a reduction in kinin B1 receptor mRNA expression. Biochemical analyses showed that ERK5, p38 MAPK, and JNK phosphorylation is maximal during the first 2 hours postisolation, followed by a significant reduction in the last 3 hours. None of the treatments modified the responses to serotonin, an unrelated agonist, suggesting a specific effect on kinin B1 receptor upregulation. The present work provides for the first time pharmacologic evidence indicating that ERK5 plays a significant role on kinin B1 receptor upregulation. Furthermore, we confirm the relevance of p38 MAPK and JNK as well as the lack of effect of ERK1/2 in this process. This study may contribute to a better understanding of MAPK involvement in inflammatory and immunologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Kilstein
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Wanda Nowak
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Emilse Errasti
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antía Andrea Barcia Feás
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arnaldo Raúl Armesto
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Germán Pelorosso
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Pedro Rothlin
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Khan AUH, Rathore MG, Allende-Vega N, Vo DN, Belkhala S, Orecchioni S, Talarico G, Bertolini F, Cartron G, Lecellier CH, Villalba M. Human Leukemic Cells performing Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS) Generate an Antioxidant Response Independently of Reactive Oxygen species (ROS) Production. EBioMedicine 2015; 3:43-53. [PMID: 26870816 PMCID: PMC4739420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell metabolism is altered during leukemogenesis. Cells performing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through mitochondrial activity. To limit the deleterious effects of excess ROS, certain gene promoters contain antioxidant response elements (ARE), e.g. the genes NQO-1 and HO-1. ROS induces conformational changes in KEAP1 and releases NRF2, which activates AREs. We show in vitro and in vivo that OXPHOS induces, both in primary leukemic cells and cell lines, de novo expression of NQO-1 and HO-1 and also the MAPK ERK5 and decreases KEAP1 mRNA. ERK5 activates the transcription factor MEF2, which binds to the promoter of the miR-23a–27a–24-2 cluster. Newly generated miR-23a destabilizes KEAP1 mRNA by binding to its 3′UTR. Lower KEAP1 levels increase the basal expression of the NRF2-dependent genes NQO-1 and HO-1. Hence, leukemic cells performing OXPHOS, independently of de novo ROS production, generate an antioxidant response to protect themselves from ROS. Leukemic cells performing OXPHOS increase ROS and antioxidant gene expression. OXPHOS-mediated ERK5 activation induces miR-23 expression through MEF2. miR-23 blocks KEAP1 expression and increases antioxidant genes.
Cells performing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through mitochondrial activity. Excess ROS is deleterious to cells; hence they should be kept at bay. We show here that leukemic cells have a genetic program that allow them to generate an antioxidant response when performing OXPHOS and this is independent of ROS generation. Because leukemic cells need protection from ROS, this pathway is a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Ul Haq Khan
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Moeez G Rathore
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Nerea Allende-Vega
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Dang-Nghiem Vo
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sana Belkhala
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Stefania Orecchioni
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Talarico
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertolini
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier I, 80 Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Charles-Henri Lecellier
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, France; Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, University of Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Villalba
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, 34295, France.
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48
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Kim GY, Kim H, Lim HJ, Park HY. Coronin 1A depletion protects endothelial cells from TNFα-induced apoptosis by modulating p38β expression and activation. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1688-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wilhelmsen K, Xu F, Farrar K, Tran A, Khakpour S, Sundar S, Prakash A, Wang J, Gray NS, Hellman J. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 promotes acute cellular and systemic inflammation. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra86. [PMID: 26307013 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaa3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory critical illness is a syndrome that is characterized by acute inflammation and organ injury, and it is triggered by infections and noninfectious tissue injury, both of which activate innate immune receptors and pathways. Although reports suggest an anti-inflammatory role for the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), we previously found that ERK5 mediates proinflammatory responses in primary human cells in response to stimulation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). We inhibited the kinase activities and reduced the abundances of ERK5 and MEK5, a MAPK kinase directly upstream of ERK5, in primary human vascular endothelial cells and monocytes, and found that ERK5 promoted inflammation induced by a broad range of microbial TLR agonists and by the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, we found that inhibitors of MEK5 or ERK5 reduced the plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in mice challenged with TLR ligands or heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus, as well as in mice that underwent sterile lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Finally, we found that inhibition of ERK5 protected endotoxemic mice from death. Together, our studies support a proinflammatory role for ERK5 in primary human endothelial cells and monocytes, and suggest that ERK5 is a potential therapeutic target in diverse disorders that cause inflammatory critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wilhelmsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Fengyun Xu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Katherine Farrar
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alphonso Tran
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Samira Khakpour
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shirin Sundar
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Arun Prakash
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Division of Critical Care Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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50
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ERK5 regulates basic fibroblast growth factor-induced type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor expression and cell proliferation in lung fibroblasts. Life Sci 2015; 135:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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