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Yan YH, Wei LL, Wu JW, Wei SQ, Jiang YY, Yu JL, Yang LL, Li GB. Discovering New Metallo-Deubiquitinase CSN5 Inhibitors by a Non-Catalytic Activity Assay Platform. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39129245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
COP9 signalosome catalytic subunit CSN5 plays a key role in tumorigenesis and tumor immunity, showing potential as an anticancer target. Currently, only a few CSN5 inhibitors have been reported, at least partially, due to the challenges in establishing assays for CSN5 deubiquitinase activity. Here, we present the establishment and validation of a simple and reliable non-catalytic activity assay platform for identifying CSN5 inhibitors utilizing a new fluorescent probe, CFP-1, that exhibits enhanced fluorescence and fluorescence polarization features upon binding to CSN5. By using this platform, we identified 2-aminothiazole-4-carboxylic acids as new CSN5 inhibitors, which inhibited CSN5 but slightly downregulated PD-L1 in cancer cells. Furthermore, through the integration of deep learning-enabled virtual screening, we discovered that shikonins are nanomolar CSN5 inhibitors, which can upregulate PD-L1 in HCT116 cells. The binding modes of these structurally distinct inhibitors with CSN5 were explored by using microsecond-scale molecular dynamics simulations and tryptophan quenching assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liu-Liu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing-Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Si-Qi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying-Ying Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Jun-Lin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Guo-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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2
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Bakti F, Stupperich H, Schmitt K, Valerius O, Köhler AM, Meister C, Strohdiek A, Harting R, Sasse C, Heimel K, Neumann P, Ficner R, Braus GH. Fungal COP9 signalosome assembly requires connection of two trimeric intermediates for integration of intrinsic deneddylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305049120. [PMID: 37603767 PMCID: PMC10477865 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305049120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The conserved eight-subunit COP9 signalosome (CSN) is required for multicellular fungal development. The CSN deneddylase cooperates with the Cand1 exchange factor to control replacements of E3 ubiquitin cullin RING ligase receptors, providing specificity to eukaryotic protein degradation. Aspergillus nidulans CSN assembles through a heptameric pre-CSN, which is activated by integration of the catalytic CsnE deneddylase. Combined genetic and biochemical approaches provided the assembly choreography within a eukaryotic cell for native fungal CSN. Interactomes of functional GFP-Csn subunit fusions in pre-CSN deficient fungal strains were compared by affinity purifications and mass spectrometry. Two distinct heterotrimeric CSN subcomplexes were identified as pre-CSN assembly intermediates. CsnA-C-H and CsnD-F-G form independently of CsnB, which connects the heterotrimers to a heptamer and enables subsequent integration of CsnE to form the enzymatically active CSN complex. Surveillance mechanisms control accurate Csn subunit amounts and correct cellular localization for sequential assembly since deprivation of Csn subunits changes the abundance and location of remaining Csn subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fruzsina Bakti
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Goettingen, 37077Goettingen, Germany
| | - Helena Stupperich
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Goettingen, 37077Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Goettingen, 37077Goettingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Goettingen, 37077Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anna M. Köhler
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Goettingen, 37077Goettingen, Germany
| | - Cindy Meister
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Goettingen, 37077Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anja Strohdiek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Goettingen, 37077Goettingen, Germany
| | - Rebekka Harting
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Goettingen, 37077Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Sasse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Goettingen, 37077Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kai Heimel
- Department of Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Goettingen, 37077Goettingen, Germany
| | - Piotr Neumann
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Goettingen, 37077Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Ficner
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Goettingen, 37077Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H. Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Goettingen, 37077Goettingen, Germany
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3
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Liang Y, Lyon RC, Pellman J, Bradford WH, Lange S, Bogomolovas J, Dalton ND, Gu Y, Bobar M, Lee MH, Iwakuma T, Nigam V, Asimaki A, Scheinman M, Peterson KL, Sheikh F. Desmosomal COP9 regulates proteome degradation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:137689. [PMID: 33857019 PMCID: PMC8159691 DOI: 10.1172/jci137689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated protein degradative pathways are increasingly recognized as mediators of human disease. This mechanism may have particular relevance to desmosomal proteins that play critical structural roles in both tissue architecture and cell-cell communication, as destabilization/breakdown of the desmosomal proteome is a hallmark of genetic-based desmosomal-targeted diseases, such as the cardiac disease arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C). However, no information exists on whether there are resident proteins that regulate desmosomal proteome homeostasis. Here, we uncovered a cardiac constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) desmosomal resident protein complex, composed of subunit 6 of the COP9 signalosome (CSN6), that enzymatically restricted neddylation and targeted desmosomal proteome degradation. CSN6 binding, localization, levels, and function were affected in hearts of classic mouse and human models of ARVD/C affected by desmosomal loss and mutations, respectively. Loss of desmosomal proteome degradation control due to junctional reduction/loss of CSN6 and human desmosomal mutations destabilizing junctional CSN6 were also sufficient to trigger ARVD/C in mice. We identified a desmosomal resident regulatory complex that restricted desmosomal proteome degradation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert C. Lyon
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jason Pellman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - William H. Bradford
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephan Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nancy D. Dalton
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yusu Gu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marcus Bobar
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tomoo Iwakuma
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Vishal Nigam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Research Institute and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Angeliki Asimaki
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melvin Scheinman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Section, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kirk L. Peterson
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Farah Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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4
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Huang X, Zhang X, Xu J, Wang X, Zhang G, Tang T, Shen X, Liang T, Bai X. Deubiquitinating Enzyme: A Potential Secondary Checkpoint of Cancer Immunity. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1289. [PMID: 32850399 PMCID: PMC7426525 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of cancer immunotherapy depends on the fine interplay between tumoral immune checkpoints and host immune system. However, the up-to-date clinical performance of checkpoint blockers in cancer therapy revealed that higher-level regulation should be further investigated for better therapeutic outcomes. It is becoming increasingly evident that the expression of immune checkpoints is largely associated to the immunotherapeutic response and consequent prognosis. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) with their role of cleaving ubiquitin from proteins and other molecules, thus reversing ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation, modulate multiple cellular processes, including, but not limited to, transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, tissue development, and antiviral response. Accumulating evidence indicates that DUBs also have the critical influence on anticancer immunity, simply by stabilizing pivotal checkpoints or key regulators of T-cell functions. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge about DUBs, highlights the secondary checkpoint-like role of DUBs in cancer immunity, in particular their direct effects on the stability control of pivotal checkpoints and key regulators of T-cell functions, and suggests the therapeutic potential of DUBs-based strategy in targeted immunotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochao Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Hou J, Cui H. CSN6: a promising target for cancer prevention and therapy. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:645-652. [PMID: 32016946 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CSN6 has recently received increased attention as a multifunctional protein involved in protein stability. CSN6 plays an important role in controlling cellular proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis, modulating signal transduction, as well as regulating DNA damage and repair. Most studies have demonstrated that CSN6 is significantly upregulated in human malignant tumors such as cervical cancer, papillary thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, and glioblastoma, and its expression is usually correlated with poor prognosis. In this review, we summarize recent available findings regarding the oncogenic role of CSN6 in tumors, and provide a better understanding of CSN6 function at the molecular level and its potential therapeutic implications in combating human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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6
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Singh AK, Chamovitz DA. Role of Cop9 Signalosome Subunits in the Environmental and Hormonal Balance of Plant. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E224. [PMID: 31181827 PMCID: PMC6628103 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COP9 (Constitutive photomorphogenesis 9) signalosome (CSN) is a highly conserved protein complex that influences several signaling and developmental processes. The COP9 signalosome consists of eight subunits, among which two subunits, CSN5 and CSN6, contain an Mpr1/Pad1 N-terminal (MPN) domain and the remaining six subunits contain a proteasome, COP9 signalosome, and initiation factor 3 (PCI) domain. In plants, each MPN subunit is encoded by two genes, which is not the case in other organisms. This review aims to provide in-depth knowledge of each COP9 signalosome subunit, concentrating on genetic analysis of both partial and complete loss-of-function mutants. At the beginning of this review, the role of COP9 signalosome in the hormonal signaling and defense is discussed, whereas later sections deal in detail with the available partial loss-of-function, hypomorphic mutants of each subunit. All available hypomorphic mutants are compared based on their growth response and deneddylation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
- Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel.
| | - Daniel A Chamovitz
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
- Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel.
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7
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Chung D, Salsman J, Dellaire G. Inhibition of neddylation induces mitotic defects and alters MKLP1 accumulation at the midbody during cytokinesis. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1135-1153. [PMID: 31057046 PMCID: PMC6592236 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1612696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) play crucial roles in modulating the stability of proteins in the cell and are, in turn, regulated by post-translational modification by the ubiquitin-like (Ubl) protein NEDD8. This process, termed neddylation, is reversible through the action of the COP9 signalosome (CSN); a multi-subunit metalloprotease conserved among eukaryotes that plays direct or indirect roles in DNA repair, cell signaling and cell cycle regulation in part through modulating the activity of the CRLs. Previously, inhibition of CRL neddylation by MLN4924, a small molecule inhibitor of the NEDD8-activating enzyme 1 (NAE1), was shown to induce interphase cell cycle arrest and cell death. Using fixed and living cell microscopy, we re-evaluated the cell cycle effects of inhibition of neddylation by MLN4924 in both asynchronous and mitotic cell populations. Consistent with previous studies, treatment of asynchronous cells with MLN4924 increased CDT1 expression levels, induced G2 arrest and increased nuclear size. However, in synchronized cells treated in mitosis, mitotic defects were observed including lagging chromosomes and binucleated daughter cells. Consistent with neddylation and deneddylation playing a role in cytokinesis, NEDD8, as well as subunits of the CSN, could be localized at the midbody and cleavage furrow. Finally, treatment of mitotic cells with MLN4924 induced the premature accumulation of MKLP1 at the cleavage furrow, a key regulator of cytokinesis, which was concomitant with increased abscission delay and failure. Thus, these studies uncover an uncharacterized mitotic effect of MLN4924 on MKLP1 accumulation at the midbody and support a role for neddylation during cytokinesis. Abbreviations: CSN, COP9 Signalosome; MKLP1, mitotic kinesin-like protein 1; NEDD8, Neural precursor cell Expressed, Developmentally Down-regulated 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudley Chung
- a Department of Pathology , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada
| | - Jayme Salsman
- a Department of Pathology , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada
| | - Graham Dellaire
- a Department of Pathology , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada.,b Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada.,c Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute , Halifax , Canada
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8
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Shang Y, Wang K, Sun S, Zhou J, Yu JQ. COP9 Signalosome CSN4 and CSN5 Subunits Are Involved in Jasmonate-Dependent Defense Against Root-Knot Nematode in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1223. [PMID: 31649695 PMCID: PMC6794412 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved regulatory component of the ubiquitin/proteasome system that plays crucial roles in plant growth and stress tolerance; however, the mechanism of COP9-mediated resistance to root-knot nematodes (RKNs, e.g. Meloidogyne incognita) is not fully understood in plants. In the present study, we found that RKN infection in the roots rapidly increases the transcript levels of CSN subunits 4 and 5 (CSN4 and CSN5) and their protein accumulation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. Suppression of CSN4 or CSN5 expression resulted in significantly increased number of egg masses and aggravated RKN-induced lipid peroxidation of cellular membrane but inhibited RKN-induced accumulation of CSN4 or CSN5 protein in tomato roots. Importantly, the RKN-induced accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile), as well as the transcript levels of JA-related biosynthetic and signaling genes were compromised by CSN4 or CSN5 gene silencing. Moreover, protein-protein interaction assays demonstrated that CSN4 and CSN5B interact with the jasmonate ZIM domain 2 (JAZ2), which is the signaling component of the JA pathway. Silencing of CSN4 or CSN5 also compromises RKN-induced JAZ2 expression. Together, our findings indicate that CSN4 and CSN5 play critical roles in JA-dependent basal defense against RKN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifen Shang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuchang Sun
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Zhou,
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development, and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Schwinn MK, Hoang T, Yang X, Zhao X, Ma J, Li P, Wood KV, Mallender WD, Bembenek ME, Yan ZH. Antibody-free detection of cellular neddylation dynamics of Cullin1. Anal Biochem 2018; 555:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Xiao D, Yang S, Huang L, He H, Pan H, He J. COP9 signalosome subunit CSN5, but not CSN6, is upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma and predicts poor prognosis. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:1596-1606. [PMID: 29707311 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.02.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved complex composed of eight subunits (CSN1-CSN8). Among the CSN subunits, CSN5 and its dimerization partner CSN6 are the only two MPN (Mpr1-Pad1-N-terminal) domain-containing subunits. These two subunits play essential roles in a variety of biological processes, such as cell cycle progression, protein stability and signal transduction. However, their expression patterns and clinical significance in lung cancer are not completely clear. Methods We examined the expressions of both CSN5 and CSN6 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients (n=59) using immunohistochemistry analysis, and correlated their expressions with clinicopathological characteristics. MTT cell proliferation assay was performed to determine the effect of CSN5 silencing or overexpression on the growth of lung cancer cells. Knock down or overexpression of CSN5 was confirmed by western blotting. Results CSN5 expression was elevated in tumor cells, compared to the stromal compartment and adjacent normal epithelial cells. Interestingly, CSN5 was also expressed in the macrophages and lymphocytes adjacent to the tumors. Surprisingly, CSN6 was barely detected in the tumor cells of LUAD patients. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that higher levels of CSN5 were correlated with high tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and worse clinical outcomes. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed CSN5 was an independently prognostic factor for LUAD patients. Additionally, in cellular model, depletion of CSN5 expression significantly suppressed the growth of lung cancer cells. Conclusions COP9 signalosome subunit CSN5, but not CSN6, is upregulated in LUAD. Moreover, CSN5 is a critical regulator for the growth of lung cancer and represents an independent prognostic factor and a promising therapeutic target for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakai Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shengli Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Foshan City, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Liyan Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Huiming He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Pacurar DI, Pacurar ML, Lakehal A, Pacurar AM, Ranjan A, Bellini C. The Arabidopsis Cop9 signalosome subunit 4 (CNS4) is involved in adventitious root formation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:628. [PMID: 28377589 PMCID: PMC5429640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00744-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionary conserved multiprotein complex that regulates many aspects of plant development by controlling the activity of CULLIN-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). CRLs ubiquitinate and target for proteasomal degradation a vast number of specific substrate proteins involved in many developmental and physiological processes, including light and hormone signaling and cell division. As a consequence of CSN pleiotropic function, complete loss of CSN activity results in seedling lethality. Therefore, a detailed analysis of CSN physiological functions in adult Arabidopsis plants has been hampered by the early seedling lethality of csn null mutants. Here we report the identification and characterization of a viable allele of the Arabidopsis COP9 signalosome subunit 4 (CSN4). The allele, designated csn4-2035, suppresses the adventitious root (AR) phenotype of the Arabidopsis superroot2-1 mutant, potentially by altering its auxin signaling. Furthermore, we show that although the csn4-2035 mutation affects primary and lateral root (LR) formation in the 2035 suppressor mutant, CSN4 and other subunits of the COP9 complex seem to differentially control AR and LR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ioan Pacurar
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden. .,SweTree Technologies AB, P.O. Box 4095, SE-904 03, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Monica Lacramioara Pacurar
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.,University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj Napoca, Romania.,SweTree Technologies AB, P.O. Box 4095, SE-904 03, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Abdellah Lakehal
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrea Mariana Pacurar
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden. .,Institut National de la Research Agronomic, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-78000, Versailles, France.
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12
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Wicker CA, Izumi T. Analysis of RNA expression of normal and cancer tissues reveals high correlation of COP9 gene expression with respiratory chain complex components. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:983. [PMID: 27903243 PMCID: PMC5131501 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COP9 signalosome, composed of eight subunits, is implicated in cancer genetics with its deneddylase activity to modulate cellular concentration of oncogenic proteins such as IkB and TGFβ. However, its function in the normal cell physiology remains elusive. Primarily focusing on gene expression data of the normal tissues of the head and neck, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database was used to identify groups of genes that were expressed synergistically with the COP9 genes, particularly with the COPS5 (CSN5), which possesses the catalytic activity of COP9. RESULTS Expressions of seven of the COP9 genes (COPS2, COPS3, COPS4, COPS5, COPS6, COPS7A, and COPS8) were found to be highly synergistic in the normal tissues. In contrast, the tumor tissues decreased the coordinated expression pattern of COP9 genes. Pathway analysis revealed a high coordination of the expression of the COPS5 and the other COP9 genes with mitochondria-related functional pathways, including genes encoding the respiratory chain complex. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that mRNA expression data for the matched normal tissues available in TCGA are statistically reliable, and are highly useful to assess novel associations of genes with functional pathways in normal physiology as well as in the cancer tissues. This study revealed the significant correlation between the expressions of the COP9 genes and those related to the mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Wicker
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 V.A. Dr, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Tadahide Izumi
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 1095 V.A. Dr, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Meister C, Gulko MK, Köhler AM, Braus GH. The devil is in the details: comparison between COP9 signalosome (CSN) and the LID of the 26S proteasome. Curr Genet 2016; 62:129-36. [PMID: 26497135 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-015-0525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) and the proteasomal LID are conserved macromolecular complexes composed of at least eight subunits with molecular weights of approximately 350 kDa. CSN and LID are part of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway and cleave isopeptide linkages of lysine side chains on target proteins. CSN cleaves the isopeptide bond of ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 from cullins, whereas the LID cleaves ubiquitin from target proteins sentenced for degradation. CSN and LID are structurally and functionally similar but the order of the assembly pathway seems to be different. The assembly differs in at least the last subunit joining the pre-assembled subcomplex. This review addresses the similarities and differences in structure, function and assembly of CSN and LID.
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Schinke J, Kolog Gulko M, Christmann M, Valerius O, Stumpf SK, Stirz M, Braus GH. The DenA/DEN1 Interacting Phosphatase DipA Controls Septa Positioning and Phosphorylation-Dependent Stability of Cytoplasmatic DenA/DEN1 during Fungal Development. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005949. [PMID: 27010942 PMCID: PMC4806917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DenA/DEN1 and the COP9 signalosome (CSN) represent two deneddylases which remove the ubiquitin-like Nedd8 from modified target proteins and are required for distinct fungal developmental programmes. The cellular DenA/DEN1 population is divided into a nuclear and a cytoplasmatic subpopulation which is especially enriched at septa. DenA/DEN1 stability control mechanisms are different for the two cellular subpopulations and depend on different physical interacting proteins and the C-terminal DenA/DEN1 phosphorylation pattern. Nuclear DenA/DEN1 is destabilized during fungal development by five of the eight CSN subunits which target nuclear DenA/DEN1 for degradation. DenA/DEN1 becomes stabilized as a phosphoprotein at S243/S245 during vegetative growth, which is necessary to support further asexual development. After the initial phase of development, the newly identified cytoplasmatic DenA/DEN1 interacting phosphatase DipA and an additional developmental specific C-terminal phosphorylation site at serine S253 destabilize DenA/DEN1. Outside of the nucleus, DipA is co-transported with DenA/DEN1 in the cytoplasm between septa and nuclei. Deletion of dipA resulted in increased DenA/DEN1 stability in a strain which is unresponsive to illumination. The mutant strain is dysregulated in cytokinesis and impaired in asexual development. Our results suggest a dual phosphorylation-dependent DenA/DEN1 stability control with stabilizing and destabilizing modifications and physical interaction partner proteins which function as control points in the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josua Schinke
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), and Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miriam Kolog Gulko
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), and Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Christmann
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), and Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), and Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sina Kristin Stumpf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), and Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Margarita Stirz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), and Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H. Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), and Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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15
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Bunker RD. Tackling the crystallographic structure determination of the COP9 signalosome. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2016; 72:326-35. [PMID: 26960120 PMCID: PMC4784664 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798316001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an essential multi-protein complex in eukaryotes. CSN is a master regulator of intracellular protein degradation, controlling the vast family of cullin-RING ubiquitin (E3) ligases (CRLs). Important in many cellular processes, CSN has prominent roles in DNA repair, cell-cycle control and differentiation. The recent crystal structure of human CSN provides insight into its exquisite regulation and functionality [Lingaraju et al. (2014), Nature (London), 512, 161-165]. Structure determination was complicated by low-resolution diffraction from crystals affected by twinning and rotational pseudo-symmetry. Crystal instability and non-isomorphism strongly influenced by flash-cooling, radiation damage and difficulty in obtaining heavy-atom derivatives, were overcome. Many different subunits of the same fold class were distinguished at low resolution aided by combinatorial selenomethionine labelling. As an example of how challenging projects can be approached, the structure determination of CSN is described as it unfolded using cluster-compound MIRAS phasing, MR-SAD with electron-density models and cross-crystal averaging exploiting non-isomorphism among unit-cell variants of the same crystal form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Bunker
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
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Chung D, Dellaire G. The Role of the COP9 Signalosome and Neddylation in DNA Damage Signaling and Repair. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2388-416. [PMID: 26437438 PMCID: PMC4693240 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of genomic integrity is an important process in organisms as failure to sense and repair damaged DNA can result in a variety of diseases. Eukaryotic cells have developed complex DNA repair response (DDR) mechanisms to accurately sense and repair damaged DNA. Post-translational modifications by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins, such as SUMO and NEDD8, have roles in coordinating the progression of DDR. Proteins in the neddylation pathway have also been linked to regulating DDR. Of interest is the COP9 signalosome (CSN), a multi-subunit metalloprotease present in eukaryotes that removes NEDD8 from cullins and regulates the activity of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). This in turn regulates the stability and turnover of a host of CRL-targeted proteins, some of which have established roles in DDR. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the role of the CSN and neddylation in DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudley Chung
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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17
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Dubiel D, Rockel B, Naumann M, Dubiel W. Diversity of COP9 signalosome structures and functional consequences. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2507-13. [PMID: 26096786 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a regulator of the ubiquitin (Ub) proteasome system (UPS). It interacts with hundreds of cullin-RING ubiquitin E3 ligases (CRLs) and regulates their activity by removing the Ub-like protein Nedd8 from cullins. In mammalian cells 7 different cullins exist which form CRLs with adaptor proteins and with a large number of substrate recognition subunits such as F-box and BTB proteins. This large variety of CRL-complexes is deneddylated by the CSN. The capacity of the CSN to interact with numerous types of CRL complexes can be explained by its structural diversity, which allows different CSN variants to interact with different binding partners and substrates and enables different subunit expression profiles. Diversity of CSN complexes presumably occurs by: (1) flexibility of CSN holo complex structure; (2) formation of CSN mini complexes and free CSN subunits and (3) generation of CSN variants via integration of CSN subunit isoforms. In this review we will discuss the structural diversity of the CSN complex and possible functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawadschargal Dubiel
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Beate Rockel
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dubiel
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Division of Molecular Biology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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18
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The CSN/COP9 signalosome regulates synaptonemal complex assembly during meiotic prophase I of Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004757. [PMID: 25375142 PMCID: PMC4222726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a conserved protein structure that holds homologous chromosome pairs together throughout much of meiotic prophase I. It is essential for the formation of crossovers, which are required for the proper segregation of chromosomes into gametes. The assembly of the SC is likely to be regulated by post-translational modifications. The CSN/COP9 signalosome has been shown to act in many pathways, mainly via the ubiquitin degradation/proteasome pathway. Here we examine the role of the CSN/COP9 signalosome in SC assembly in the model organism C. elegans. Our work shows that mutants in three subunits of the CSN/COP9 signalosome fail to properly assemble the SC. In these mutants, SC proteins aggregate, leading to a decrease in proper pairing between homologous chromosomes. The reduction in homolog pairing also results in an accumulation of recombination intermediates and defects in repair of meiotic DSBs to form the designated crossovers. The effect of the CSN/COP9 signalosome mutants on synapsis and crossover formation is due to increased neddylation, as reducing neddylation in these mutants can partially suppress their phenotypes. We also find a marked increase in apoptosis in csn mutants that specifically eliminates nuclei with aggregated SC proteins. csn mutants exhibit defects in germline proliferation, and an almost complete pachytene arrest due to an inability to activate the MAPK pathway. The work described here supports a previously unknown role for the CSN/COP9 signalosome in chromosome behavior during meiotic prophase I. Meiosis is a cellular division required for the formation of gametes, and therefore sexual reproduction. Accurate chromosome segregation is dependent on the formation of crossovers, the exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes. A key process in the formation of crossovers is the assembly of the synaptonemal complex (SC) between homologs during prophase I. How functional SC structure forms is still not well understood. Here we identify CSN/COP9 signalosome complex as having a clear role in chromosome synapsis. In CSN/COP9 mutants, SC proteins aggregate and fail to properly assemble on homologous chromosomes. This leads to defects in homolog pairing, repair of meiotic DNA damage and crossover formation. The data in this paper suggest that the role of the CSN/COP9 signalosome is to prevent the aggregation of central region proteins during SC assembly.
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Jin D, Li B, Deng XW, Wei N. Plant COP9 signalosome subunit 5, CSN5. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 224:54-61. [PMID: 24908506 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
CSN5 is a subunit of the COP9 signalosome (CSN) and carries the metallo-protease catalytic center for the complex. This highly conserved gene has been a subject of intense research in part because human Csn5 (Jab1) has been tightly linked to cancer. We briefly summarize recent research advances on the structure and mechanisms of the CSN in general, and then focus on the Arabidopsis CSN5 genes and their products, AtCSN5A and AtCSN5B. We also briefly discuss CSN6 genes, which are closely related share many similarities to CSN5. CSN5 and CSN6 genes are duplicated in mustard family of plants as well as in several plant species that have no phylogenetic correlation. Sequence homology comparison further suggests that at least some of the duplication events occurred independently. We review and analyze the phenotypic and expression differences of the two CSN5 genes in Arabidopsis, and suggest that they play overlapping as well as specialized roles in plant development. Arabidopsis CSN5 protein sequences are more similar to those of complex organisms such as humans than to yeasts and unicellular alga, suggesting that the structure and mechanism of Arabidopsis CSN5 likely resembles more to those of human than to yeast. We argue that possession of two different isoforms of CSN5s gives Arabidopsis a unique advantage as a genetic model of CSN5 to dissect the multifaceted functions and mechanistic versatilities of this important cellular regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bosheng Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xing-Wang Deng
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ning Wei
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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20
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Bhansali M, Shemshedini L. COP9 subunits 4 and 5 target soluble guanylyl cyclase α1 and p53 in prostate cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:834-45. [PMID: 24725084 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our laboratory previously has identified soluble guanylyl cyclase α1 (sGCα1) as a direct target of androgen receptor and essential for prostate cancer cell growth via a pathway independent of nitric oxide (NO) signaling. We identified the COP9 signalosome subunit 4 (CSN4) as a novel interacting partner for sGCα1. Importantly, the CSN4-sGCα1 interaction inhibits sGCα1 proteasomal degradation. Consistent with this, disruption of CSN4 led to a significant decrease in prostate cancer cell proliferation, which was significantly but not completely rescued by sGCα1 overexpression, opening the possibility of an additional target of CSN4. Interestingly, immunoprecipitation experiments showed that p53 is found in the CSN4-sGCα1 cytoplasmic protein complex. However, in contrast to sGCα1, p53 protein stability was compromised by CSN4, leading to prostate cancer cell survival and proliferation. Interestingly, we observed that CSN4 was overexpressed in prostate tumors, and its protein level correlates directly with sGCα1 and inversely with p53 proteins, mimicking what was observed in prostate cancer cells. Our data further showed that CSN4 silencing decreased CSN5 protein levels and suggest that the CSN4 effects on sGCα1 and p53 proteins are mediated by CSN5. Lastly, our study showed that caseine kinase-2 (CK2) was involved in regulating p53 and sGCα1 protein stability as determined by both disruption of CK2 expression and inhibition of its kinase activity. Collectively, our study has identified a novel endogenous CSN4-CSN5-CK2 complex with sGCα1and p53 that oppositely controls the stability of these 2 proteins and provides prostate cancer cells an important mechanism for survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Bhansali
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
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21
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Hsp90-dependent assembly of the DBC2/RhoBTB2-Cullin3 E3-ligase complex. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90054. [PMID: 24608665 PMCID: PMC3946479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the wild-type tumor-suppressor gene DBC2 (Deleted-in-Breast Cancer 2, a.k.a RhoBTB2) is suppressed in many cancers, in addition to breast cancer. In a screen for Cdc37-associated proteins, DBC2 was identified to be a potential client protein of the 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) chaperone machine. Pull down assays of ectopically expressed DBC2 confirmed that DBC2 associated with Hsp90 and its co-chaperone components in reticulocyte lysate and MCF7 cells. Similar to other atypical Rho GTPases, DBC2 was found to have retained the capacity to bind GTP. The ability of DBC2 to bind GTP was modulated by the Hsp90 ATPase cycle, as demonstrated through the use of the Hsp90 chemical inhibitors, geldanamycin and molybdate. The binding of full length DBC2 to GTP was suppressed in the presence of geldanamycin, while it was enhanced in the presence of molybdate. Furthermore, assembly of DBC2-Cullin3-COP9 E3 ligase complexes was Hsp90-dependent. The data suggest a new paradigm for Hsp90-modulated assembly of a Cul3/DBC2 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that may extend to other E3 ligase complexes.
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Mergner J, Schwechheimer C. The NEDD8 modification pathway in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:103. [PMID: 24711811 PMCID: PMC3968751 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
NEDD8, in plants and yeasts also known as RELATED TO UBIQUITIN (RUB), is an evolutionarily conserved 76 amino acid protein highly related to ubiquitin. Like ubiquitin, NEDD8 can be conjugated to and deconjugated from target proteins, but unlike ubiquitin, NEDD8 has not been reported to form chains similar to the different polymeric ubiquitin chains that have a role in a diverse set of cellular processes. NEDD8-modification is best known as a post-translational modification of the cullin subunits of cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases. In this context, structural analyses have revealed that neddylation induces a conformation change of the cullin that brings the ubiquitylation substrates into proximity of the interacting E2 conjugating enzyme. In turn, NEDD8 deconjugation destabilizes the cullin RING ligase complex allowing for the exchange of substrate recognition subunits via the exchange factor CAND1. In plants, components of the neddylation and deneddylation pathway were identified based on mutants with defects in auxin and light responses and the characterization of these mutants has been instrumental for the elucidation of the neddylation pathway. More recently, there has been evidence from animal and plant systems that NEDD8 conjugation may also regulate the behavior or fate of non-cullin substrates in a number of ways. Here, the current knowledge on NEDD8 processing, conjugation and deconjugation is presented, where applicable, in the context of specific signaling pathways from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claus Schwechheimer
- *Correspondence: Claus Schwechheimer, Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany e-mail:
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Zhang SN, Pei DS, Zheng JN. The COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (CSN6): a potential oncogene. Cell Div 2013; 8:14. [PMID: 24286178 PMCID: PMC4175502 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-8-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CSN6 is one subunit of the constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN), which is an evolutionarily conserved multiprotein complex found in plants and animals and originally described as a repressor of light-dependent growth and transcription in Arabidopsis. CSN is homologous to the 19S lid subcomplex of the 26S proteasome, thus it has been postulated to be a regulator of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In mammalian cells, it consists of eight subunits (CSN1-CSN8). Among the CSN subunits, CSN5 and CSN6 are the only two that each contains an MPN (Mpr1p and Pad1p N-terminal) domain. The deneddylating activity of an MPN domain toward cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL) may coordinate CRL-mediated ubiquitination activity. More and more studies about CSN6 are emerging, and its overexpression is found in many types of cancers. Evidence has shown that CSN6 is a molecule platform between protein degradation and signal transduction. Here, we provide a summary of human CSN6, especially its roles in cancer, hoping that it can lay the groundwork for cancer prevention or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, 84 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P,R, China.
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Estrin E, Lopez-Blanco J, Chacón P, Martin A. Formation of an Intricate Helical Bundle Dictates the Assembly of the 26S Proteasome Lid. Structure 2013; 21:1624-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Serino G, Pick E. Duplication and familial promiscuity within the proteasome lid and COP9 signalosome kin complexes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 203-204:89-97. [PMID: 23415332 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Two paralogous complexes, the proteasome lid and the COP9 signalosome (CSN), have diverged from a common ancestor; yet fulfill distinctive roles within the ubiquitin-proteasome sphere. The CSN regulates the largest family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, called CRLs (Cullin-RING ubiquitin Ligases), while the lid is a subcomplex of the 26S proteasome, a proteolytic machinery responsible for the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Remarkably, in many organisms, several subunits of both complexes are duplicated, a circumstance that can hypothetically increase the number of different complexes that can be formed. Duplication, however, is not the only complexity trait within the lid and the CSN, because many of their subunits are not fully committed only to one of the two complexes, but they are able to associate with both. Indeed, their corresponding mutants have features that can be due to the absence of more than one complex. This could be simply explained by the subunits being able to carry an identical function within more than one paralogous complex or by the subunits having a certain level of promiscuity, i.e. being able to carry more than one function, depending on the complex they are associating with. Recent data show that both options are possible and, although their functional relevance still needs to be fully uncovered, evidence is accumulating, which indicates a promiscuous trading of paralogous subunits, and suggests that this may occur transiently, and/or in response to particular environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Serino
- Istituto Pasteur- Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza Università di Roma, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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