1
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Nakamura T, Sugeno N, Hasegawa T, Ikeda K, Yoshida S, Ishiyama S, Sato K, Takeda A, Aoki M. Alpha-synuclein promotes PRMT5-mediated H4R3me2s histone methylation by interacting with the BAF complex. FEBS J 2024; 291:1892-1908. [PMID: 38105619 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αS) is a key molecule in the pathomechanism of Parkinson's disease. Most studies on αS to date have focused on its function in the neuronal cytosol, but its action in the nucleus has also been postulated. Indeed, several lines of evidence indicate that overexpressed αS leads to epigenomic alterations. To clarify the functional role of αS in the nucleus and its pathological significance, HEK293 cells constitutively expressing αS were used to screen for nuclear proteins that interact with αS by nanoscale liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Interactome analysis of the 229 identified nuclear proteins revealed that αS interacts with the BRG1-associated factor (BAF) complex, a family of multi-subunit chromatin remodelers important for neurodevelopment, and protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). Subsequent transcriptomic analysis also suggested a functional link between αS and the BAF complex. Based on these results, we analyzed the effect of αS overexpression on the BAF complex in neuronally differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and found that induction of αS disturbed the BAF maturation process, leading to a global increase in symmetric demethylation of histone H4 on arginine 3 (H4R3me2s) via enhanced BAF-PRMT5 interaction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing confirmed accumulated H4R3me2s methylation near the transcription start site of the neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NRCAM) gene, which has roles during neuronal differentiation. Transcriptional analyses confirmed the negative regulation of NRCAM by αS and PRMT5, which was reconfirmed by multiple datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Taken together, these findings suggest that the enhanced binding of αS to the BAF complex and PRMT5 may cooperatively affect the neuronal differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Nakamura
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Miyagi National Hospital, Watari, Japan
| | - Naoto Sugeno
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kensho Ikeda
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shun Yoshida
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa Hospital, Japan
| | - Shun Ishiyama
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sato
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga Hospital, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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2
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Wang YJ, Cao JB, Yang J, Liu T, Yu HL, He ZX, Bao SL, He XX, Zhu XJ. PRMT5-mediated homologous recombination repair is essential to maintain genomic integrity of neural progenitor cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:123. [PMID: 38459149 PMCID: PMC10923982 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining genomic stability is a prerequisite for proliferating NPCs to ensure genetic fidelity. Though histone arginine methylation has been shown to play important roles in safeguarding genomic stability, the underlying mechanism during brain development is not fully understood. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a type II protein arginine methyltransferase that plays a role in transcriptional regulation. Here, we identify PRMT5 as a key regulator of DNA repair in response to double-strand breaks (DSBs) during NPC proliferation. Prmt5F/F; Emx1-Cre (cKO-Emx1) mice show a distinctive microcephaly phenotype, with partial loss of the dorsal medial cerebral cortex and complete loss of the corpus callosum and hippocampus. This phenotype is resulted from DSBs accumulation in the medial dorsal cortex followed by cell apoptosis. Both RNA sequencing and in vitro DNA repair analyses reveal that PRMT5 is required for DNA homologous recombination (HR) repair. PRMT5 specifically catalyzes H3R2me2s in proliferating NPCs in the developing mouse brain to enhance HR-related gene expression during DNA repair. Finally, overexpression of BRCA1 significantly rescues DSBs accumulation and cell apoptosis in PRMT5-deficient NSCs. Taken together, our results show that PRMT5 maintains genomic stability by regulating histone arginine methylation in proliferating NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jian-Bo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Hua-Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zi-Xuan He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Shi-Lai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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3
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Wu H, Lv P, Wang J, Bennett B, Wang J, Li P, Peng Y, Hu G, Lin J. Genetic screen identified PRMT5 as a neuroprotection target against cerebral ischemia. eLife 2024; 12:RP89754. [PMID: 38372724 PMCID: PMC10942588 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulators present novel opportunities for both ischemic stroke research and therapeutic interventions. While previous work has implicated that they may provide neuroprotection by potentially influencing coordinated sets of genes and pathways, most of them remain largely uncharacterized in ischemic conditions. In this study, we used the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model in the immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT-22 and carried out an RNAi screen on epigenetic regulators. PRMT5 was identified as a novel negative regulator of neuronal cell survival after OGD, which presented a phenotype of translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus upon oxygen and energy depletion both in vitro and in vivo. PRMT5 bound to the chromatin and a large number of promoter regions to repress downstream gene expression. Silencing Prmt5 significantly dampened the OGD-induced changes for a large-scale of genes, and gene ontology analysis showed that PRMT5-target genes were highly enriched for Hedgehog signaling. Encouraged by the above observation, mice were treated with middle cerebral artery occlusion with the PRMT5 inhibitor EPZ015666 and found that PRMT5 inhibition sustains protection against neuronal death in vivo. Together, these findings revealed a novel epigenetic mechanism of PRMT5 in cerebral ischemia and uncovered a potential target for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Basic Medical School, Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Basic Medical School, Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Basic Medical School, Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Brian Bennett
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesDurhamUnited States
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Pishun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Guang Hu
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesDurhamUnited States
| | - Jiaji Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Basic Medical School, Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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4
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Kumar D, Jain S, Coulter DW, Joshi SS, Chaturvedi NK. PRMT5 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in MYC-Amplified Medulloblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5855. [PMID: 38136401 PMCID: PMC10741595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC amplification or overexpression is most common in Group 3 medulloblastomas and is positively associated with poor clinical outcomes. Recently, protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) overexpression has been shown to be associated with tumorigenic MYC functions in cancers, particularly in brain cancers such as glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. PRMT5 regulates oncogenes, including MYC, that are often deregulated in medulloblastomas. However, the role of PRMT5-mediated post-translational modification in the stabilization of these oncoproteins remains poorly understood. The potential impact of PRMT5 inhibition on MYC makes it an attractive target in various cancers. PRMT5 inhibitors are a promising class of anti-cancer drugs demonstrating preclinical and preliminary clinical efficacies. Here, we review the publicly available preclinical and clinical studies on PRMT5 targeting using small molecule inhibitors and discuss the prospects of using them in medulloblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
| | - Stuti Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
| | - Don W. Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
| | - Shantaram S. Joshi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA;
| | - Nagendra K. Chaturvedi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA; (D.K.); (S.J.); (D.W.C.)
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 69198, USA
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5
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Kim KH, Oprescu SN, Snyder MM, Kim A, Jia Z, Yue F, Kuang S. PRMT5 mediates FoxO1 methylation and subcellular localization to regulate lipophagy in myogenic progenitors. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113329. [PMID: 37883229 PMCID: PMC10727913 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Development is regulated by various factors, including protein methylation status. While PRMT5 is well known for its roles in oncogenesis by mediating symmetric di-methylation of arginine, its role in normal development remains elusive. Using Myod1Cre to drive Prmt5 knockout in embryonic myoblasts (Prmt5MKO), we dissected the role of PRMT5 in myogenesis. The Prmt5MKO mice are born normally but exhibit progressive muscle atrophy and premature death. Prmt5MKO inhibits proliferation and promotes premature differentiation of embryonic myoblasts, reducing the number and regenerative function of satellite cells in postnatal mice. Mechanistically, PRMT5 methylates and destabilizes FoxO1. Prmt5MKO increases the total FoxO1 level and promotes its cytoplasmic accumulation, leading to activation of autophagy and depletion of lipid droplets (LDs). Systemic inhibition of autophagy in Prmt5MKO mice restores LDs in myoblasts and moderately improves muscle regeneration. Together, PRMT5 is essential for muscle development and regeneration at least partially through mediating FoxO1 methylation and LD turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Stephanie N Oprescu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Madigan M Snyder
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Aran Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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6
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Chang K, Gao D, Yan J, Lin L, Cui T, Lu S. Critical Roles of Protein Arginine Methylation in the Central Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6060-6091. [PMID: 37415067 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A remarkable post-transitional modification of both histones and non-histone proteins is arginine methylation. Methylation of arginine residues is crucial for a wide range of cellular process, including signal transduction, DNA repair, gene expression, mRNA splicing, and protein interaction. Arginine methylation is modulated by arginine methyltransferases and demethylases, like protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMTs) and Jumonji C (JmjC) domain containing (JMJD) proteins. Symmetric dimethylarginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine, metabolic products of the PRMTs and JMJD proteins, can be changed by abnormal expression of these proteins. Many pathologies including cancer, inflammation and immune responses have been closely linked to aberrant arginine methylation. Currently, the majority of the literature discusses the substrate specificity and function of arginine methylation in the pathogenesis and prognosis of cancers. Numerous investigations on the roles of arginine methylation in the central nervous system (CNS) have so far been conducted. In this review, we display the biochemistry of arginine methylation and provide an overview of the regulatory mechanism of arginine methyltransferases and demethylases. We also highlight physiological functions of arginine methylation in the CNS and the significance of arginine methylation in a variety of neurological diseases such as brain cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, we summarize PRMT inhibitors and molecular functions of arginine methylation. Finally, we pose important questions that require further research to comprehend the roles of arginine methylation in the CNS and discover more effective targets for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Chang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jidong Yan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liyan Lin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shemin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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7
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Angelopoulou E, Pyrgelis ES, Ahire C, Suman P, Mishra A, Piperi C. Functional Implications of Protein Arginine Methyltransferases (PRMTs) in Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1257. [PMID: 37759656 PMCID: PMC10525691 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
During the aging of the global population, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases will be continuously growing. Although each disorder is characterized by disease-specific protein accumulations, several common pathophysiological mechanisms encompassing both genetic and environmental factors have been detected. Among them, protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), which catalyze the methylation of arginine of various substrates, have been revealed to regulate several cellular mechanisms, including neuronal cell survival and excitability, axonal transport, synaptic maturation, and myelination. Emerging evidence highlights their critical involvement in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FTD-ALS) spectrum, Huntington's disease (HD), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Underlying mechanisms include the regulation of gene transcription and RNA splicing, as well as their implication in various signaling pathways related to oxidative stress responses, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, vacuole degeneration, abnormal protein accumulation and neurotransmission. The targeting of PRMTs is a therapeutic approach initially developed against various forms of cancer but currently presents a novel potential strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the accumulating evidence on the role of PRMTs in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, enlightening their pathogenesis and stimulating future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (E.-S.P.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios-Stylianos Pyrgelis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (E.-S.P.)
| | - Chetana Ahire
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup 781101, Assam, India; (C.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Prachi Suman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup 781101, Assam, India; (C.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup 781101, Assam, India; (C.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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8
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Zhao F, Guo X, Li X, Liu F, Fu Y, Sun X, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Qin Z. Identification and Expressional Analysis of Putative PRDI-BF1 and RIZ Homology Domain-Containing Transcription Factors in Mulinia lateralis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1059. [PMID: 37626944 PMCID: PMC10451705 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Mollusca represents one of the ancient bilaterian groups with high morphological diversity, while the formation mechanisms of the precursors of all germ cells, primordial germ cells (PGCs), have not yet been clarified in mollusks. PRDI-BF1 and RIZ homology domain-containing proteins (PRDMs) are a group of transcriptional repressors, and PRDM1 (also known as BLIMP1) and PRDM14 have been reported to be essential for the formation of PGCs. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide retrieval in Mulinia lateralis and identified 11 putative PRDMs, all of which possessed an N-terminal PR domain. Expressional profiles revealed that all these prdm genes showed specifically high expression levels in the given stages, implying that all PRDMs played important roles during early development stages. Specifically, Ml-prdm1 was highly expressed at the gastrula stage, the key period when PGCs arise, and was specifically localized in the cytoplasm of two or three cells of blastula, gastrula, or trochophore larvae, matching the typical characteristics of PGCs. These results suggested that Ml-prdm1-positive cells may be PGCs and that Ml-prdm1 could be a candidate marker for tracing the formation of PGCs in M. lateralis. In addition, the expression profiles of Ml-prdm14 hinted that it may not be associated with PGCs of M. lateralis. The present study provides insights into the evolution of the PRDM family in mollusks and offers a better understanding of the formation of PGCs in mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiaolin Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xixi Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Fang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yifan Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zujing Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Zhenkui Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
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9
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Syed SA, Shqillo K, Nand A, Zhan Y, Dekker J, Imbalzano AN. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) localizes to chromatin loop anchors and modulates expression of genes at TAD boundaries during early adipogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.13.544859. [PMID: 37398486 PMCID: PMC10312757 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.544859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) is an essential regulator of embryonic development and adult progenitor cell functions. Prmt5 expression is mis-regulated in many cancers, and the development of Prmt5 inhibitors as cancer therapeutics is an active area of research. Prmt5 functions via effects on gene expression, splicing, DNA repair, and other critical cellular processes. We examined whether Prmt5 functions broadly as a genome-wide regulator of gene transcription and higher-order chromatin interactions during the initial stages of adipogenesis using ChIP-Seq, RNA-seq, and Hi-C using 3T3-L1 cells, a frequently utilized model for adipogenesis. We observed robust genome-wide Prmt5 chromatin-binding at the onset of differentiation. Prmt5 localized to transcriptionally active genomic regions, acting as both a positive and a negative regulator. A subset of Prmt5 binding sites co-localized with mediators of chromatin organization at chromatin loop anchors. Prmt5 knockdown decreased insulation strength at the boundaries of topologically associating domains (TADs) adjacent to sites with Prmt5 and CTCF co-localization. Genes overlapping such weakened TAD boundaries showed transcriptional dysregulation. This study identifies Prmt5 as a broad regulator of gene expression, including regulation of early adipogenic factors, and reveals an unappreciated requirement for Prmt5 in maintaining strong insulation at TAD boundaries and overall chromatin organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabriya A Syed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Kristina Shqillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Ankita Nand
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Ye Zhan
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Job Dekker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD USA
| | - Anthony N Imbalzano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
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10
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Zheng Z, Nan B, Liu C, Tang D, Li W, Zhao L, Nie G, He Y. Inhibition of histone methyltransferase PRMT5 attenuates cisplatin-induced hearing loss through the PI3K/Akt-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:590-602. [PMID: 37440906 PMCID: PMC10334280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in cisplatin-induced hearing loss. The effects of PRMT5 inhibition on cisplatin-induced auditory injury were determined using immunohistochemistry, apoptosis assays, and auditory brainstem response. The mechanism of PRMT5 inhibition on hair cell survival was assessed using RNA-seq and Cleavage Under Targets and Tagment-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (CUT&Tag-qPCR) analyses in the HEI-OC1 cell line. Pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 significantly alleviated cisplatin-induced damage to hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea and decreased apoptosis by protecting mitochondrial function and preventing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. CUT&Tag-qPCR analysis demonstrated that inhibition of PRMT5 in HEI-OC1 cells reduced the accumulation of H4R3me2s/H3R8me2s marks at the promoter region of the Pik3ca gene, thus activating the expression of Pik3ca. These findings suggest that PRMT5 inhibitors have strong potential as agents against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and can lay the foundation for further research on treatment strategies of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zheng
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Benyu Nan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Dongmei Tang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wen Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Guohui Nie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingzi He
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
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11
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Scagnoli F, Palma A, Favia A, Scuoppo C, Illi B, Nasi S. A New Insight into MYC Action: Control of RNA Polymerase II Methylation and Transcription Termination. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020412. [PMID: 36830948 PMCID: PMC9952900 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC oncoprotein deregulation is a common catastrophic event in human cancer and limiting its activity restrains tumor development and maintenance, as clearly shown via Omomyc, an MYC-interfering 90 amino acid mini-protein. MYC is a multifunctional transcription factor that regulates many aspects of transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), such as transcription activation, pause release, and elongation. MYC directly associates with Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a protein that methylates a variety of targets, including RNAPII at the arginine residue R1810 (R1810me2s), crucial for proper transcription termination and splicing of transcripts. Therefore, we asked whether MYC controls termination as well, by affecting R1810me2S. We show that MYC overexpression strongly increases R1810me2s, while Omomyc, an MYC shRNA, or a PRMT5 inhibitor and siRNA counteract this phenomenon. Omomyc also impairs Serine 2 phosphorylation in the RNAPII carboxyterminal domain, a modification that sustains transcription elongation. ChIP-seq experiments show that Omomyc replaces MYC and reshapes RNAPII distribution, increasing occupancy at promoter and termination sites. It is unclear how this may affect gene expression. Transcriptomic analysis shows that transcripts pivotal to key signaling pathways are both up- or down-regulated by Omomyc, whereas genes directly controlled by MYC and belonging to a specific signature are strongly down-regulated. Overall, our data point to an MYC/PRMT5/RNAPII axis that controls termination via RNAPII symmetrical dimethylation and contributes to rewiring the expression of genes altered by MYC overexpression in cancer cells. It remains to be clarified which role this may have in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Scagnoli
- IBPM—CNR, Biology and Biotechnology Department, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (B.I.); (S.N.)
| | - Alessandro Palma
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Annarita Favia
- IBPM—CNR, Biology and Biotechnology Department, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Scuoppo
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Barbara Illi
- IBPM—CNR, Biology and Biotechnology Department, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (B.I.); (S.N.)
| | - Sergio Nasi
- IBPM—CNR, Biology and Biotechnology Department, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (B.I.); (S.N.)
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12
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Zhou W, Yadav GP, Yang X, Qin F, Li C, Jiang QX. Cryo-EM structure-based selection of computed ligand poses enables design of MTA-synergic PRMT5 inhibitors of better potency. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1054. [PMID: 36192627 PMCID: PMC9530242 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Projected potential of 2.5-4.0 Å cryo-EM structures for structure-based drug design is not well realized yet. Here we show that a 3.1 Å structure of PRMT5 is suitable for selecting computed poses of a chemical inhibitor and its analogs for enhanced potency. PRMT5, an oncogenic target for various cancer types, has many inhibitors manifesting little cooperativity with MTA, a co-factor analog accumulated in MTAP-/- cells. To achieve MTA-synergic inhibition, a pharmacophore from virtual screen leads to a specific inhibitor (11-2 F). Cryo-EM structures of 11-2 F / MTA-bound human PRMT5/MEP50 complex and its apo form resolved at 3.1 and 3.2 Å respectively show that 11-2 F in the catalytic pocket shifts the cofactor-binding pocket away by ~2.0 Å, contributing to positive cooperativity. Computational analysis predicts subtype specificity of 11-2 F among PRMTs. Structural analysis of ligands in the binding pockets is performed to compare poses of 11-2 F and its redesigned analogs and identifies three new analogs predicted to have significantly better potency. One of them, after synthesis, is ~4 fold more efficient in inhibiting PRMT5 catalysis than 11-2 F, with strong MTA-synergy. These data suggest the feasibility of employing near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures and computational analysis of ligand poses for small molecule therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Gaya P Yadav
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
- G.P.Y at the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A &M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Feng Qin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Qiu-Xing Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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13
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Billon V, Sanchez-Luque FJ, Rasmussen J, Bodea GO, Gerhardt DJ, Gerdes P, Cheetham SW, Schauer SN, Ajjikuttira P, Meyer TJ, Layman CE, Nevonen KA, Jansz N, Garcia-Perez JL, Richardson SR, Ewing AD, Carbone L, Faulkner GJ. Somatic retrotransposition in the developing rhesus macaque brain. Genome Res 2022; 32:1298-1314. [PMID: 35728967 PMCID: PMC9341517 DOI: 10.1101/gr.276451.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The retrotransposon LINE-1 (L1) is central to the recent evolutionary history of the human genome and continues to drive genetic diversity and germline pathogenesis. However, the spatiotemporal extent and biological significance of somatic L1 activity are poorly defined and are virtually unexplored in other primates. From a single L1 lineage active at the divergence of apes and Old World monkeys, successive L1 subfamilies have emerged in each descendant primate germline. As revealed by case studies, the presently active human L1 subfamily can also mobilize during embryonic and brain development in vivo. It is unknown whether nonhuman primate L1s can similarly generate somatic insertions in the brain. Here we applied approximately 40× single-cell whole-genome sequencing (scWGS), as well as retrotransposon capture sequencing (RC-seq), to 20 hippocampal neurons from two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). In one animal, we detected and PCR-validated a somatic L1 insertion that generated target site duplications, carried a short 5' transduction, and was present in ∼7% of hippocampal neurons but absent from cerebellum and nonbrain tissues. The corresponding donor L1 allele was exceptionally mobile in vitro and was embedded in PRDM4, a gene expressed throughout development and in neural stem cells. Nanopore long-read methylome and RNA-seq transcriptome analyses indicated young retrotransposon subfamily activation in the early embryo, followed by repression in adult tissues. These data highlight endogenous macaque L1 retrotransposition potential, provide prototypical evidence of L1-mediated somatic mosaicism in a nonhuman primate, and allude to L1 mobility in the brain over the past 30 million years of human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Billon
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
- Biology Department, École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Francisco J Sanchez-Luque
- GENYO. Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, PTS Granada 18016, Spain
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "Lopez-Neyra"-Spanish National Research Council, PTS Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Jay Rasmussen
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Gabriela O Bodea
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Daniel J Gerhardt
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Patricia Gerdes
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Seth W Cheetham
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Stephanie N Schauer
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Prabha Ajjikuttira
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Cora E Layman
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Kimberly A Nevonen
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Natasha Jansz
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Jose L Garcia-Perez
- GENYO. Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, PTS Granada 18016, Spain
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra R Richardson
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Adam D Ewing
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Lucia Carbone
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Geoffrey J Faulkner
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
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14
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Protein Arginine Methyltransferases in Neuromuscular Function and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030364. [PMID: 35159176 PMCID: PMC8834056 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and strength that leads to impaired body movement. It not only severely diminishes the quality of life of the patients, but also subjects them to increased risk of secondary medical conditions such as fall-induced injuries and various chronic diseases. However, no effective treatment is currently available to prevent or reverse the disease progression. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are emerging as a potential therapeutic target for diverse diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Their expression levels are altered in the patients and molecular mechanisms underlying the association between PRMTs and the diseases are being investigated. PRMTs have been shown to regulate development, homeostasis, and regeneration of both muscle and neurons, and their association to NMDs are emerging as well. Through inhibition of PRMT activities, a few studies have reported suppression of cytotoxic phenotypes observed in NMDs. Here, we review our current understanding of PRMTs’ involvement in the pathophysiology of NMDs and potential therapeutic strategies targeting PRMTs to address the unmet medical need.
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15
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Rienzo M, Di Zazzo E, Casamassimi A, Gazzerro P, Perini G, Bifulco M, Abbondanza C. PRDM12 in Health and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112030. [PMID: 34769459 PMCID: PMC8585061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PRDM12 is a member of the PRDI-BF1 (positive regulatory domain I-binding factor 1) homologous domain (PRDM)-containing protein family, a subfamily of Kruppel-like zinc finger proteins, controlling key processes in the development of cancer. PRDM12 is expressed in a spatio-temporal manner in neuronal systems where it exerts multiple functions. PRDM12 is essential for the neurogenesis initiation and activation of a cascade of downstream pro-neuronal transcription factors in the nociceptive lineage. PRDM12 inactivation, indeed, results in a complete absence of the nociceptive lineage, which is essential for pain perception. Additionally, PRDM12 contributes to the early establishment of anorexigenic neuron identity and the maintenance of high expression levels of pro-opiomelanocortin, which impacts on the program bodyweight homeostasis. PRDMs are commonly involved in cancer, where they act as oncogenes/tumor suppressors in a “Yin and Yang” manner. PRDM12 is not usually expressed in adult normal tissues but its expression is re-activated in several cancer types. However, little information is currently available on PRDM12 expression in cancers and its mechanism of action has not been thoroughly described. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding PRDM12 by focusing on four main biological processes: neurogenesis, pain perception, oncogenesis and cell metabolism. Moreover, we wish to highlight the importance of future studies focusing on the PRDM12 signaling pathway(s) and its role in cancer onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rienzo
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Amelia Casamassimi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrizia Gazzerro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Perini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ciro Abbondanza
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy;
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16
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Nibona E, Niyonkuru C, Liang X, Yao Q, Zhao H. Essential Roles of PRMT5-MEP50 Complex Formation and Cancer Therapy. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Yang WT, Chen M, Xu R, Zheng PS. PRDM4 inhibits cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by inactivating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through targeting of PTEN in cervical carcinoma. Oncogene 2021; 40:3318-3330. [PMID: 33846573 PMCID: PMC8102194 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PR domain zinc finger protein 4 (PRDM4) is a transcription factor that plays key roles in stem cell self-renewal and tumorigenesis. However, its biological role and exact mechanism in cervical cancer remain unknown. Here, both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot assays demonstrated that the expression of PRDM4 in cervical cancer tissues was much lower than that in the normal cervix. A xenograft assay showed that PRDM4 overexpression in the cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and HeLa dramatically inhibited cell proliferation and tumorigenic potential in vivo. Conversely, the silencing of PRDM4 promoted cervical cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenic potential. Mechanistically, PRDM4 induced cell cycle arrest at the transition from G0/G1 phase to S phase by upregulating p27 and p21 expression and downregulating Cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression. Furthermore, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was inactivated in PRDM4-overexpressing cells, which decreased the levels of p-AKT and upregulated the expression of PTEN, an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and qChIP assays confirmed that PRDM4 transactivated the expression of PTEN by binding to two specific regions in the PTEN promoter. Furthermore, PTEN silencing or a PTEN inhibitor rescued the cell defects induced by PRDM4 overexpression. Therefore, our data suggest that PRDM4 inhibits cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by downregulating the activity of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by directly transactivating PTEN expression in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine One, Shaanxi Cancer Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Samuel SF, Barry A, Greenman J, Beltran-Alvarez P. Arginine methylation: the promise of a 'silver bullet' for brain tumours? Amino Acids 2021; 53:489-506. [PMID: 33404912 PMCID: PMC8107164 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite intense research efforts, our pharmaceutical repertoire against high-grade brain tumours has not been able to increase patient survival for a decade and life expectancy remains at less than 16 months after diagnosis, on average. Inhibitors of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) have been developed and investigated over the past 15 years and have now entered oncology clinical trials, including for brain tumours. This review collates recent advances in the understanding of the role of PRMTs and arginine methylation in brain tumours. We provide an up-to-date literature review on the mechanisms for PRMT regulation. These include endogenous modulators such as alternative splicing, miRNA, post-translational modifications and PRMT-protein interactions, and synthetic inhibitors. We discuss the relevance of PRMTs in brain tumours with a particular focus on PRMT1, -2, -5 and -8. Finally, we include a future perspective where we discuss possible routes for further research on arginine methylation and on the use of PRMT inhibitors in the context of brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia Barry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - John Greenman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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19
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Gill AL, Premasiri AS, Vieira FG. Hypothesis and Theory: Roles of Arginine Methylation in C9orf72-Mediated ALS and FTD. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:633668. [PMID: 33833668 PMCID: PMC8021787 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.633668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexanucleotide repeat expansion (G4C2n) mutations in the gene C9ORF72 account for approximately 30% of familial cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), as well as approximately 7% of sporadic cases of ALS. G4C2n mutations are known to result in the production of five species of dipeptide repeat proteins (DRPs) through non-canonical translation processes. Arginine-enriched dipeptide repeat proteins, glycine-arginine (polyGR), and proline-arginine (polyPR) have been demonstrated to be cytotoxic and deleterious in multiple experimental systems. Recently, we and others have implicated methylation of polyGR/polyPR arginine residues in disease processes related to G4C2n mutation-mediated neurodegeneration. We previously reported that inhibition of asymmetric dimethylation (ADMe) of arginine residues is protective in cell-based models of polyGR/polyPR cytotoxicity. These results are consistent with the idea that PRMT-mediated arginine methylation in the context of polyGR/polyPR exposure is harmful. However, it remains unclear why. Here we discuss the influence of arginine methylation on diverse cellular processes including liquid-liquid phase separation, chromatin remodeling, transcription, RNA processing, and RNA-binding protein localization, and we consider how methylation of polyGR/polyPR may disrupt processes essential for normal cellular function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Gill
- ALS Therapy Development Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
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20
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Che P, Yu L, Friedman GK, Wang M, Ke X, Wang H, Zhang W, Nabors B, Ding Q, Han X. Integrin αvβ3 Engagement Regulates Glucose Metabolism and Migration through Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051111. [PMID: 33807786 PMCID: PMC7961489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming promotes glioblastoma cell migration and invasion. Integrin αvβ3 is one of the major integrin family members in glioblastoma multiforme cell surface mediating interactions with extracellular matrix proteins that are important for glioblastoma progression. The role of αvβ3 integrin in regulating metabolic reprogramming and its mechanism of action have not been determined in glioblastoma cells. Integrin αvβ3 engagement with osteopontin promotes glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis, while inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Blocking or downregulation of integrin αvβ3 inhibits glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis and promotes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in decreased migration and growth in glioblastoma cells. Pharmacological inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) or downregulation of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) blocks metabolic shift toward glycolysis and inhibits glioblastoma cell migration and invasion. These results support that integrin αvβ3 and osteopontin engagement plays an important role in promoting the metabolic shift toward glycolysis and inhibiting mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation in glioblastoma cells. The metabolic shift in cell energy metabolism is coupled to changes in migration, invasion, and growth, which are mediated by downstream FAK and PRMT5 in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulin Che
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Lei Yu
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang 550001, China;
| | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Meimei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Xiaoxue Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (B.N.)
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen City 041004, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Burt Nabors
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.C.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (B.N.)
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (X.H.)
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21
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Bryant JP, Heiss J, Banasavadi-Siddegowda YK. Arginine Methylation in Brain Tumors: Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010124. [PMID: 33440687 PMCID: PMC7827394 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification that plays a pivotal role in cellular regulation. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the modification of target proteins by adding methyl groups to the guanidino nitrogen atoms of arginine residues. Protein arginine methylation takes part in epigenetic and cellular regulation and has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, and tumor progression. Aberrant expression of PRMTs is associated with the development of brain tumors such as glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. Identifying PRMTs as plausible contributors to tumorigenesis has led to preclinical and clinical investigations of PRMT inhibitors for glioblastoma and medulloblastoma therapy. In this review, we discuss the role of arginine methylation in cancer biology and provide an update on the use of small molecule inhibitors of PRMTs to treat glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, and other cancers.
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22
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Chakrapani B, Khan MIK, Kadumuri RV, Gupta S, Verma M, Awasthi S, Govindaraju G, Mahesh A, Rajavelu A, Chavali S, Dhayalan A. The uncharacterized protein FAM47E interacts with PRMT5 and regulates its functions. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 4:4/3/e202000699. [PMID: 33376131 PMCID: PMC7772775 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The uncharacterized protein FAM47E interacts with and stabilizes the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5, regulating its epigenetic functions thereby modulating target gene expression. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) symmetrically dimethylates arginine residues in various proteins affecting diverse cellular processes such as transcriptional regulation, splicing, DNA repair, differentiation, and cell cycle. Elevated levels of PRMT5 are observed in several types of cancers and are associated with poor clinical outcomes, making PRMT5 an important diagnostic marker and/or therapeutic target for cancers. Here, using yeast two-hybrid screening, followed by immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays, we identify a previously uncharacterized protein, FAM47E, as an interaction partner of PRMT5. We report that FAM47E regulates steady-state levels of PRMT5 by affecting its stability through inhibition of its proteasomal degradation. Importantly, FAM47E enhances the chromatin association and histone methylation activity of PRMT5. The PRMT5–FAM47E interaction affects the regulation of PRMT5 target genes expression and colony-forming capacity of the cells. Taken together, we identify FAM47E as a protein regulator of PRMT5, which promotes the functions of this versatile enzyme. These findings imply that disruption of PRMT5–FAM47E interaction by small molecules might be an alternative strategy to attenuate the oncogenic function(s) of PRMT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Chakrapani
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Mohd Imran K Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Rajashekar Varma Kadumuri
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | - Somlee Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Mamta Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Sharad Awasthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Gayathri Govindaraju
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Arumugam Rajavelu
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India
| | - Sreenivas Chavali
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
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23
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Emerging Roles of PRDM Factors in Stem Cells and Neuronal System: Cofactor Dependent Regulation of PRDM3/16 and FOG1/2 (Novel PRDM Factors). Cells 2020; 9:cells9122603. [PMID: 33291744 PMCID: PMC7761934 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PRDI-BF1 (positive regulatory domain I-binding factor 1) and RIZ1 (retinoblastoma protein-interacting zinc finger gene 1) (PR) homologous domain containing (PRDM) transcription factors are expressed in neuronal and stem cell systems, and they exert multiple functions in a spatiotemporal manner. Therefore, it is believed that PRDM factors cooperate with a number of protein partners to regulate a critical set of genes required for maintenance of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent findings about the expression of PRDM factors and function in stem cell and neuronal systems with a focus on cofactor-dependent regulation of PRDM3/16 and FOG1/2. We put special attention on summarizing the effects of the PRDM proteins interaction with chromatin modulators (NuRD complex and CtBPs) on the stem cell characteristic and neuronal differentiation. Although PRDM factors are known to possess intrinsic enzyme activity, our literature analysis suggests that cofactor-dependent regulation of PRDM3/16 and FOG1/2 is also one of the important mechanisms to orchestrate bidirectional target gene regulation. Therefore, determining stem cell and neuronal-specific cofactors will help better understanding of PRDM3/16 and FOG1/2-controlled stem cell maintenance and neuronal differentiation. Finally, we discuss the clinical aspect of these PRDM factors in different diseases including cancer. Overall, this review will help further sharpen our knowledge of the function of the PRDM3/16 and FOG1/2 with hopes to open new research fields related to these factors in stem cell biology and neuroscience.
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24
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Scott K, O'Rourke R, Gillen A, Appel B. Prdm8 regulates pMN progenitor specification for motor neuron and oligodendrocyte fates by modulating the Shh signaling response. Development 2020; 147:dev.191023. [PMID: 32680935 DOI: 10.1242/dev.191023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord pMN progenitors sequentially produce motor neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Some OPCs differentiate rapidly as myelinating oligodendrocytes, whereas others remain into adulthood. How pMN progenitors switch from producing motor neurons to OPCs with distinct fates is poorly understood. pMN progenitors express prdm8, which encodes a transcriptional repressor, during motor neuron and OPC formation. To determine whether prdm8 controls pMN cell fate specification, we used zebrafish as a model system to investigate prdm8 function. Our analysis revealed that prdm8 mutant embryos have fewer motor neurons resulting from a premature switch from motor neuron to OPC production. Additionally, prdm8 mutant larvae have excess oligodendrocytes and a concomitant deficit of OPCs. Notably, pMN cells of mutant embryos have elevated Shh signaling, coincident with the motor neuron to OPC switch. Inhibition of Shh signaling restored the number of motor neurons to normal but did not rescue the proportion of oligodendrocytes. These data suggest that Prdm8 regulates the motor neuron-OPC switch by controlling the level of Shh activity in pMN progenitors, and also regulates the allocation of oligodendrocyte lineage cell fates.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayt Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 40045, USA
| | - Rebecca O'Rourke
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 40045, USA
| | - Austin Gillen
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 40045, USA.,Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 40045, USA
| | - Bruce Appel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 40045, USA
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25
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Region-specific upregulation of HNK-1 glycan in the PRMT1-deficient brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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26
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Liu Z, Ramachandran J, Vokes SA, Gray RS. Regulation of terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation in Prmt5 mutant mice modeling infantile idiopathic scoliosis. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.041251. [PMID: 31848143 PMCID: PMC6955203 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is the most common type of musculoskeletal defect affecting children worldwide, and is classified by age of onset, location and degree of spine curvature. Although rare, IS with onset during infancy is the more severe and rapidly progressive form of the disease, associated with increased mortality due to significant respiratory compromise. The pathophysiology of IS, in particular for infantile IS, remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate the role of PRMT5 in the infantile IS phenotype in mouse. Conditional genetic ablation of PRMT5 in osteochondral progenitors results in impaired terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and asymmetric defects of endochondral bone formation in the perinatal spine. Analysis of these several markers of endochondral ossification revealed increased type X collagen (COLX) and Ihh expression, coupled with a dramatic reduction in Mmp13 and RUNX2 expression, in the vertebral growth plate and in regions of the intervertebral disc in the Prmt5 conditional mutant mice. We also demonstrate that PRMT5 has a continuous role in the intervertebral disc and vertebral growth plate in adult mice. Altogether, our results establish PRMT5 as a critical promoter of terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and endochondral bone formation during spine development and homeostasis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Loss of Prmt5 in osteochondral progenitors impairs terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation, leading to defects in endochondral bone formation and models infantile idiopathic scoliosis in mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Janani Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, 2500 Speedway, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Steven A Vokes
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, 2500 Speedway, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ryan S Gray
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, TX 78723, USA .,Department of Nutritional Sciences, 200 W 24th Street, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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27
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Chaturvedi NK, Mahapatra S, Kesherwani V, Kling MJ, Shukla M, Ray S, Kanchan R, Perumal N, McGuire TR, Sharp JG, Joshi SS, Coulter DW. Role of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 in group 3 (MYC-driven) Medulloblastoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1056. [PMID: 31694585 PMCID: PMC6836472 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MYC amplification or overexpression is common in Group 3 medulloblastoma and is associated with the worst prognosis. Recently, protein arginine methyl transferase (PRMT) 5 expression has been closely associated with aberrant MYC function in various cancers, including brain tumors such as glioblastoma. However, the role of PRMT5 and its association with MYC in medulloblastoma have not been explored. Here, we report the role of PRMT5 as a novel regulator of MYC and implicate PRMT5 as a potential therapeutic target in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. METHODS Expression and association between PRMT5 and MYC in primary medulloblastoma tumors were investigated using publicly available databases. Expression levels of PRMT5 protein were also examined using medulloblastoma cell lines and primary tumors by western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Using MYC-driven medulloblastoma cells, we examined the physical interaction between PRMT5 and MYC by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization experiments. To determine the functional role of PRMT5 in MYC-driven medulloblastoma, PRMT5 was knocked-down in MYC-amplified cells using siRNA and the consequences of knockdown on cell growth and MYC expression/stability were investigated. In vitro therapeutic potential of PRMT5 in medulloblastoma was also evaluated using a small molecule inhibitor, EPZ015666. RESULTS We observed overexpression of PRMT5 in MYC-driven primary medulloblastoma tumors and cell lines compared to non-MYC medulloblastoma tumors and adjacent normal tissues. We also found that high expression of PRMT5 is inversely correlated with patient survival. Knockdown of PRMT5 using siRNA in MYC-driven medulloblastoma cells significantly decreased cell growth and MYC expression. Mechanistically, we found that PRMT5 physically associated with MYC by direct protein-protein interaction. In addition, a cycloheximide chase experiment showed that PRMT5 post-translationally regulated MYC stability. In the context of therapeutics, we observed dose-dependent efficacy of PRMT5 inhibitor EPZ015666 in suppressing cell growth and inducing apoptosis in MYC-driven medulloblastoma cells. Further, the expression levels of PRMT5 and MYC protein were downregulated upon EPZ015666 treatment. We also observed a superior efficacy of this inhibitor against MYC-amplified medulloblastoma cells compared to non-MYC-amplified medulloblastoma cells, indicating specificity. CONCLUSION Our results reveal the regulation of MYC oncoprotein by PRMT5 and suggest that targeting PRMT5 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for MYC-driven medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra K Chaturvedi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Varun Kesherwani
- Child Health Research Institute Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Matthew J Kling
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mamta Shukla
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sutapa Ray
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ranjana Kanchan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Naveenkumar Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Timothy R McGuire
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 69198, USA
| | - J Graham Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Shantaram S Joshi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Don W Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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28
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Favia A, Salvatori L, Nanni S, Iwamoto-Stohl LK, Valente S, Mai A, Scagnoli F, Fontanella RA, Totta P, Nasi S, Illi B. The Protein Arginine Methyltransferases 1 and 5 affect Myc properties in glioblastoma stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15925. [PMID: 31685892 PMCID: PMC6828805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein Arginine (R) methylation is the most common post-translational methylation in mammalian cells. Protein Arginine Methyltransferases (PRMT) 1 and 5 dimethylate their substrates on R residues, asymmetrically and symmetrically, respectively. They are ubiquitously expressed and play fundamental roles in tumour malignancies, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) which presents largely deregulated Myc activity. Previously, we demonstrated that PRMT5 associates with Myc in GBM cells, modulating, at least in part, its transcriptional properties. Here we show that Myc/PRMT5 protein complex includes PRMT1, in both HEK293T and glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). We demonstrate that Myc is both asymmetrically and symmetrically dimethylated by PRMT1 and PRMT5, respectively, and that these modifications differentially regulate its stability. Moreover, we show that the ratio between symmetrically and asymmetrically dimethylated Myc changes in GSCs grown in stem versus differentiating conditions. Finally, both PRMT1 and PRMT5 activity modulate Myc binding at its specific target promoters. To our knowledge, this is the first work reporting R asymmetrical and symmetrical dimethylation as novel Myc post-translational modifications, with different functional properties. This opens a completely unexplored field of investigation in Myc biology and suggests symmetrically dimethylated Myc species as novel diagnostic and prognostic markers and druggable therapeutic targets for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Favia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Salvatori
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Nanni
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Scagnoli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Nasi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Illi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), Rome, Italy.
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29
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Buisman SC, de Haan G. Epigenetic Changes as a Target in Aging Haematopoietic Stem Cells and Age-Related Malignancies. Cells 2019; 8:E868. [PMID: 31405121 PMCID: PMC6721661 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with multiple molecular and functional changes in haematopoietic cells. Most notably, the self-renewal and differentiation potential of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are compromised, resulting in myeloid skewing, reduced output of red blood cells and decreased generation of immune cells. These changes result in anaemia, increased susceptibility for infections and higher prevalence of haematopoietic malignancies. In HSCs, age-associated global epigenetic changes have been identified. These epigenetic alterations in aged HSCs can occur randomly (epigenetic drift) or are the result of somatic mutations in genes encoding for epigenetic proteins. Mutations in loci that encode epigenetic modifiers occur frequently in patients with haematological malignancies, but also in healthy elderly individuals at risk to develop these. It may be possible to pharmacologically intervene in the aberrant epigenetic program of derailed HSCs to enforce normal haematopoiesis or treat age-related haematopoietic diseases. Over the past decade our molecular understanding of epigenetic regulation has rapidly increased and drugs targeting epigenetic modifications are increasingly part of treatment protocols. The reversibility of epigenetic modifications renders these targets for novel therapeutics. In this review we provide an overview of epigenetic changes that occur in aging HSCs and age-related malignancies and discuss related epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja C Buisman
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerald de Haan
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Roles and regulation of histone methylation in animal development. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:625-641. [PMID: 31267065 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Histone methylation can occur at various sites in histone proteins, primarily on lysine and arginine residues, and it can be governed by multiple positive and negative regulators, even at a single site, to either activate or repress transcription. It is now apparent that histone methylation is critical for almost all stages of development, and its proper regulation is essential for ensuring the coordinated expression of gene networks that govern pluripotency, body patterning and differentiation along appropriate lineages and organogenesis. Notably, developmental histone methylation is highly dynamic. Early embryonic systems display unique histone methylation patterns, prominently including the presence of bivalent (both gene-activating and gene-repressive) marks at lineage-specific genes that resolve to monovalent marks during differentiation, which ensures that appropriate genes are expressed in each tissue type. Studies of the effects of methylation on embryonic stem cell pluripotency and differentiation have helped to elucidate the developmental roles of histone methylation. It has been revealed that methylation and demethylation of both activating and repressive marks are essential for establishing embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages, for ensuring gene dosage compensation via genomic imprinting and for establishing body patterning via HOX gene regulation. Not surprisingly, aberrant methylation during embryogenesis can lead to defects in body patterning and in the development of specific organs. Human genetic disorders arising from mutations in histone methylation regulators have revealed their important roles in the developing skeletal and nervous systems, and they highlight the overlapping and unique roles of different patterns of methylation in ensuring proper development.
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31
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Guan C, Egertová M, Perry CJ, Chittka L, Chittka A. Temporal correlation of elevated PRMT1 gene expression with mushroom body neurogenesis during bumblebee brain development. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 116:57-69. [PMID: 31039373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neural development depends on the controlled proliferation and differentiation of neural precursors. In holometabolous insects, these processes must be coordinated during larval and pupal development. Recently, protein arginine methylation has come into focus as an important mechanism of controlling neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in mammals. Whether a similar mechanism is at work in insects is unknown. We investigated this possibility by determining the expression pattern of three protein arginine methyltransferase mRNAs (PRMT1, 4 and 5) in the developing brain of bumblebees by in situ hybridisation. We detected expression in neural precursors and neurons in functionally important brain areas throughout development. We found markedly higher expression of PRMT1, but not PRMT4 and PRMT5, in regions of mushroom bodies containing dividing cells during pupal stages at the time of active neurogenesis within this brain area. At later stages of development, PRMT1 expression levels were found to be uniform and did not correlate with actively dividing cells. Our study suggests a role for PRMT1 in regulating neural precursor divisions in the mushroom bodies of bumblebees during the period of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Guan
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Michaela Egertová
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Clint J Perry
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Lars Chittka
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Alexandra Chittka
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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32
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Navya MK, Pramod GV, Sujatha GP, Ashok L. Congenital insensitivity to pain in a 1-year-old boy. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019; 37:308-310. [PMID: 31584034 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_340_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic condition which causes reduced pain sensation, thermal sensation, and habit of self-mutilation. It is a life-threatening condition where due to reduced pain sensation, patient might not understand the severity of the injury which can eventually lead to death. Such people live a compromised life and can also affect them psychologically. Here, we are reporting a case of an infant with clinical features suggestive of CIP with a mutation in exon 5 of PRDM12 gene. The child has minimal response to pain along with self-mutilation and mental retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Navya
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - G V Pramod
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - G P Sujatha
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - L Ashok
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Starks RR, Biswas A, Jain A, Tuteja G. Combined analysis of dissimilar promoter accessibility and gene expression profiles identifies tissue-specific genes and actively repressed networks. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:16. [PMID: 30795793 PMCID: PMC6385419 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC-seq) is a powerful method to examine chromatin accessibility. While many studies have reported a positive correlation between gene expression and promoter accessibility, few have investigated the genes that deviate from this trend. In this study, we aimed to understand the relationship between gene expression and promoter accessibility in multiple cell types while also identifying gene regulatory networks in the placenta, an understudied organ that is critical for a successful pregnancy. RESULTS We started by assaying the open chromatin landscape in the mid-gestation placenta, when the fetal vasculature has started developing. After incorporating transcriptomic data generated in the placenta at the same time point, we grouped genes based on their expression levels and ATAC-seq promoter coverage. We found that the genes with the strongest correlation (high expression and high coverage) are likely involved in housekeeping functions, whereas tissue-specific genes were highly expressed and had only medium-low coverage. We also predicted that genes with medium-low expression and high promoter coverage were actively repressed. Within this group, we extracted a protein-protein interaction network enriched for neuronal functions, likely preventing the cells from adopting a neuronal fate. We further confirmed that a repressive histone mark is bound to the promoters of genes in this network. Finally, we ran our pipeline using ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data generated in ten additional cell types. We again found that genes with the strongest correlation are enriched for housekeeping functions and that genes with medium-low promoter coverage and high expression are more likely to be tissue-specific. These results demonstrate that only two data types, both of which require relatively low starting material to generate and are becoming more commonly available, can be integrated to understand multiple aspects of gene regulation. CONCLUSIONS Within the placenta, we identified an active placenta-specific gene network as well as a repressed neuronal network. Beyond the placenta, we demonstrate that ATAC-seq data and RNA-seq data can be integrated to identify tissue-specific genes and actively repressed gene networks in multiple cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah R. Starks
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Anilisa Biswas
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Ashish Jain
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Geetu Tuteja
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
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Fanis P, Skordis N, Toumba M, Papaioannou N, Makris A, Kyriakou A, Neocleous V, Phylactou LA. Central Precocious Puberty Caused by Novel Mutations in the Promoter and 5'-UTR Region of the Imprinted MKRN3 Gene. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:677. [PMID: 31636607 PMCID: PMC6787840 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Central Precocious Puberty (CPP) is clinically defined by the development of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. To date, mutations in the coding region of KISS1, KISS1R, PROKR2, DLK1, and MKRN3 genes have been reported as causative for CPP. This study investigated the presence of causative mutations in both the promoter and the 5'-UTR regions of the MKRN3 gene. Methods: Sanger DNA sequencing was used for screening the proximal promoter and 5'-UTR region of the MKRN3 gene in a group of 73 index girls with CPP. Mutations identified were cloned in luciferase reporter gene vectors and transiently transfected in GN11 cells in order to check for changes in the activity of the MKRN3 promoter. GN11 cells were previously checked for Mkrn3 expression using lentivirus mediated knock-down. In silico analysis was implemented for the detection of changes in the mRNA secondary structure of the mutated MKRN3 5'-UTR. Results: Three novel heterozygous mutations (-166, -865, -886 nt upstream to the transcription start site) located in the proximal promoter region of the MKRN3 gene were identified in six non-related girls with CPP. Four of these girls shared the -865 mutation, one the -166, and another one the -886. A 5'-UTR (+13 nt downstream to the transcription start site) novel mutation was also identified in a girl with similar clinical phenotype. Gene reporter assay evaluated the identified promoter mutations and demonstrated a significant reduction of MKRN3 promoter activity in transfected GN11 cells. In silico analysis for the mutated 5'-UTR predicted a significant change of the mRNA secondary structure. The minimum free energy (MFE) of the mutated 5'-UTR was higher when compared to the corresponding wild-type indicating less stable RNA secondary structure. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated novel genetic alterations in the promoter and 5'-UTR regulatory regions of the MKRN3 gene. These changes add to another region to check for the etiology of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Fanis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nicos Skordis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Pediatric Endocrine Clinic, Paedi Center for Specialized Pediatrics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Meropi Toumba
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Pediatrics, Iasis Hospital, Paphos, Cyprus
| | - Nikoletta Papaioannou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anestis Makris
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Kyriakou
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Vassos Neocleous
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Leonidas A. Phylactou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- *Correspondence: Leonidas A. Phylactou
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Shailesh H, Zakaria ZZ, Baiocchi R, Sif S. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) dysregulation in cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36705-36718. [PMID: 30613353 PMCID: PMC6291173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are known for their ability to catalyze methylation of specific arginine residues in a wide variety of cellular proteins, which are involved in a plethora of processes including signal transduction, transcription, and more recently DNA recombination. All members of the PRMT family can be grouped into three main classes depending on the type of methylation they catalyze. Type I PRMTs induce monomethylation and asymmetric dimethylation, while type II PRMTs catalyze monomethylation and symmetric dimethylation of specific arginine residues. In contrast, type III PRMTs carry out only monomethylation of arginine residues. In this review, we will focus on PRMT5, a type II PRMT essential for viability and normal development, which has been shown to be overexpressed in a wide variety of cancer cell types, owing it to the crucial role it plays in controlling key growth regulatory pathways. Furthermore, the role of PRMT5 in regulating expression and stability of key transcription factors that control normal stem cell function as well as cancer stem cell renewal will be discussed. We will review recent work that shows that through its ability to methylate various cellular proteins, PRMT5 functions as a master epigenetic regulator essential for growth and development, and we will highlight studies that have examined its dysregulation and the effects of its inhibition on cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Shailesh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zain Z Zakaria
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Robert Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Saïd Sif
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Liu H, Dai X, Cao X, Yan H, Ji X, Zhang H, Shen S, Si Y, Zhang H, Chen J, Li L, Zhao JC, Yu J, Feng XH, Zhao B. PRDM4 mediates YAP-induced cell invasion by activating leukocyte-specific integrin β2 expression. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201745180. [PMID: 29669796 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional co-activator and a major effector of the Hippo pathway that promotes cell proliferation and stemness, while inhibiting apoptosis. YAP plays a central role in organ size control, and its deregulation strongly promotes cancer initiation and progression. However, the mechanisms by which YAP promotes cell invasion and metastasis are not fully understood. Here, we report that YAP induces leukocyte-specific integrin β2 (ITGB2) expression in cancer cells, thereby promoting cell invasion through the endothelium in a manner mimicking leukocytes. Through independent biochemical purification and a functional screen, we further identified PR/SET domain 4 (PRDM4) as a transcription factor interacting with the WW domains of YAP to mediate ITGB2 expression and cell invasion. Consistently, ITGB2 and PRDM4 mRNA levels are significantly increased in metastatic prostate cancer. In addition, PRDM4 contributes to YAP-induced tumorigenesis possibly via mediating the expression of other YAP target genes. Our results demonstrate that YAP promotes cell invasion by inducing leukocyte-specific integrin expression, and identify PRDM4 as a novel transcription factor for YAP targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoming Dai
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolei Cao
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan Yan
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyan Ji
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuying Shen
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Si
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jonathan C Zhao
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jindan Yu
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Lin H, Wang B, Yu J, Wang J, Li Q, Cao B. Protein arginine methyltransferase 8 gene enhances the colon cancer stem cell (CSC) function by upregulating the pluripotency transcription factor. J Cancer 2018; 9:1394-1402. [PMID: 29721049 PMCID: PMC5929084 DOI: 10.7150/jca.23835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cancer stem cells play a crucial role in tumor multidrug resistance and metastasis, which can produce heterogeneous tumor cells and have self-renewal ability. The related literature reported that PRMT8 was overexpressed in tumor stem cells and pluripotent stem cells. However, it's unclear how PRMT8 acts on the stemness of colon tumor cells. This study is designed to detect functions by transfecting with PRMT8 plasmid to colon cancer cells. Methods: In this study we investigated colon cancer cell sphere and its differential expression of PRMT8 compared with colon cancer cells grown by static adherence. RKO Sphere formation assay was used to identify CSCs and verified PRMT8 and pluripotent transcription factors SOX2, OCT4, Nanog expression level in colon cell sphere. Colon cancer cell HCT-8 and RKO up-regulated PRMT8 expression by being transfected with PRMT8 plasmid to evaluate its effect on the stemness of colon tumor cell. Results: In RKO cell sphere, stem cell surface marker CD133 and CD44 were highly expressed. And PRMT8, SOX2, OCT4 and Nanog were also highly expressed in RKO cell sphere. After PRMT8 was up-regulated in HCT-8 and RKO cells, flow cytometry proved that PRMT8 group cells have a significant increase of the side population (SP) cells with cancer stem cell surface markers CD133 and CD44. And overexpression of PRMT8 in HCT-8 and RKO cells facilitated their aggressive traits, which contained proliferation, invasion and migration, as well as leading to their drug resistance. PRMT8 may play a role in colon cancer stem cells (CSC) through its regulation of pluripotent transcription factors, such as Nanog Homeobox (Nanog), octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (Oct4) and SRY-related high-mobility-group(HMG)-box protein-2 (Sox2). Conclusion: PRMT8 may promote the formation of colon cancer stem cells and, thus, be considered a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of malignant colon tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Lin
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Medical Administration, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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38
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Zhou X, Wang W, Du C, Yan F, Yang S, He K, Wang H, Zhao A. OGG1 regulates the level of symmetric dimethylation of histone H4 arginine-3 by interacting with PRMT5. Mol Cell Probes 2018; 38:19-24. [PMID: 29409673 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OGG1 is the first enzyme in the base excision repair pathway (BER) responsible for repairing 8-oxoguanine DNA lesions. Recent studies found that OGG1 may also be involved in epigenetic regulation. In this study, we focused on the roles of OGG1 in histone modification. First, to study the effects of OGG1 on histone modification, the protein levels of symmetric dimethylation of histone H4 arginine-3 (H4R3me2s) were determined by western blot analysis following the knockdown or overexpression of OGG1. Second, the molecular mechanisms by which OGG1 regulates H4R3me2s were assessed by co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) assays in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) wild-type (WT) and Ogg-/- cells. Finally, to verify the regulation of H4R3me2s by OGG1 on specific genes, chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) was performed on MEF WT and Ogg-/- cells. We found that OGG1 affects PRMT5 binding on histone H4 and the formation of H4R3me2s via PRMT5. The methylation level of H4R3me2s was dramatically decreased in MEF Ogg-/- cells compared to WT cells. Knockdown of OGG1 by siRNA led to a decrease in H4R3me2s, while overexpression of OGG1 increased the level of H4R3me2s. OGG1 also interacted with PRMT5 and histone H4, and the interaction between PRMT5 and histone H4 was reduced in MEF Ogg-/- cells. Our data not only illustrate the important roles of OGG1 in histone modification, but also reveal the mechanism by which OGG1 affects PRMT5 binding on H4R3 resulting in the symmetrical dimethylation of histone H4 arginine-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666 Wusu Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chengtao Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666 Wusu Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Feifei Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666 Wusu Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Songbai Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666 Wusu Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Ke He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666 Wusu Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666 Wusu Road, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Ayong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 666 Wusu Road, Lin'an 311300, China.
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Chiang K, Zielinska AE, Shaaban AM, Sanchez-Bailon MP, Jarrold J, Clarke TL, Zhang J, Francis A, Jones LJ, Smith S, Barbash O, Guccione E, Farnie G, Smalley MJ, Davies CC. PRMT5 Is a Critical Regulator of Breast Cancer Stem Cell Function via Histone Methylation and FOXP1 Expression. Cell Rep 2017; 21:3498-3513. [PMID: 29262329 PMCID: PMC5746596 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer progression, treatment resistance, and relapse are thought to originate from a small population of tumor cells, breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Identification of factors critical for BCSC function is therefore vital for the development of therapies. Here, we identify the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 as a key in vitro and in vivo regulator of BCSC proliferation and self-renewal and establish FOXP1, a winged helix/forkhead transcription factor, as a critical effector of PRMT5-induced BCSC function. Mechanistically, PRMT5 recruitment to the FOXP1 promoter facilitates H3R2me2s, SET1 recruitment, H3K4me3, and gene expression. Our findings are clinically significant, as PRMT5 depletion within established tumor xenografts or treatment of patient-derived BCSCs with a pre-clinical PRMT5 inhibitor substantially reduces BCSC numbers. Together, our findings highlight the importance of PRMT5 in BCSC maintenance and suggest that small-molecule inhibitors of PRMT5 or downstream targets could be an effective strategy eliminating this cancer-causing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Chiang
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Agnieszka E Zielinska
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Abeer M Shaaban
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - Maria Pilar Sanchez-Bailon
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - James Jarrold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Thomas L Clarke
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos Building #3-06, 138673 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adele Francis
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - Louise J Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, A Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sally Smith
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, A Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Olena Barbash
- Cancer Epigenetics DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos Building #3-06, 138673 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Oncological Sciences and Pharmacological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gillian Farnie
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Matthew J Smalley
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Clare C Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Koreman E, Sun X, Lu QR. Chromatin remodeling and epigenetic regulation of oligodendrocyte myelination and myelin repair. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 87:18-26. [PMID: 29254827 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are essential for the development, function, and health of the vertebrate central nervous system. These cells maintain axon myelination to ensure saltatory propagation of action potentials. Oligodendrocyte develops from neural progenitor cells, in a step-wise process that involves oligodendrocyte precursor specification, proliferation, and differentiation. The lineage progression requires coordination of transcriptional and epigenetic circuits to mediate the stage-specific intricacies of oligodendrocyte development. Epigenetic mechanisms involve DNA methylation, histone modifications, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA modulation that regulate the chromatin state over regulatory genes, which must be expressed or repressed to establish oligodendrocyte identity and lineage progression. In this review, we will focus on epigenetic programming associated with histone modification enzymes, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs that regulate oligodendrocyte lineage progression, and discuss how these mechanisms might be harnessed to induce myelin repair for treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Koreman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Wang Z, Kong J, Wu Y, Zhang J, Wang T, Li N, Fan J, Wang H, Zhang J, Ling R. PRMT5 determines the sensitivity to chemotherapeutics by governing stemness in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 168:531-542. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Li J, Qin Y, Zhang H. Identification of key miRNA-gene pairs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia through integrated analysis of mRNA and miRNA microarray. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:361-367. [PMID: 29285196 PMCID: PMC5738675 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the miRNA-Gene regulatory mechanism in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and identify new targets for the therapy of CLL. The miRNA expression dataset GSE62137 and mRNA expression dataset GSE22529 were downloaded from National Center of Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus database. In CLL samples compared with normal B cell samples, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified via the GEO2R instrument of GEO and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained via the limma package of R. Functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs was performed via the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The targets of the DEMs were identified based on the miRNAWalk platform. The overlaps between the DEGs and the targets of the DEMs were selected, and the miRNA-Gene regulatory network was constructed based on the overlaps and the corresponding DEMs. A total of 63 DEMs and 504 DEGs were identified in CLL samples compared with normal B cell samples. Eleven enriched functional clusters of the DEGs were obtained. 405 miRNA-Gene regulatory pairs were identified. The miRNA-Gene regulatory pairs contained 351 target genes of the DEMs, including 9 overlaps with the DEGs. A miRNA-Gene regulatory network was constructed. Bioinformatics methods could help us develop a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of CLL. MiRNAs may play a critical role in regulating the process of CLL. They may affect CLL by regulating the processes of immunoreactivity and protein degradation. Genes such as Neurogenic Locus Notch Homolog Protein 2, PR/SET domain 4 and A-kinase anchoring protein 12 may be their regulating targets in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Yi Qin
- Institute of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Medical Record Management, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
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43
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Temporal regulation of chromatin during myoblast differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:77-86. [PMID: 29079444 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The commitment to and execution of differentiation programmes involves a significant change in gene expression in the precursor cell to facilitate development of the mature cell type. In addition to being regulated by lineage-determining and auxiliary transcription factors that drive these changes, the structural status of the chromatin has a considerable impact on the transcriptional competence of differentiation-specific genes, which is clearly demonstrated by the large number of cofactors and the extraordinary complex mechanisms by which these genes become activated. The terminal differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes and mature skeletal muscle is an excellent system to illustrate these points. The MyoD family of closely related, lineage-determining transcription factors directs, largely through targeting to chromatin, a cascade of cooperating transcription factors and enzymes that incorporate or remove variant histones, post-translationally modify histones, and alter nucleosome structure and positioning via energy released by ATP hydrolysis. The coordinated action of these transcription factors and enzymes prevents expression of differentiation-specific genes in myoblasts and facilitates the transition of these genes from transcriptionally repressed to activated during the differentiation process. Regulation is achieved in both a temporal as well as spatial manner, as at least some of these factors and enzymes affect local chromatin structure at myogenic gene regulatory sequences as well as higher-order genome organization. Here we discuss the transition of genes that promote myoblast differentiation from the silenced to the activated state with an emphasis on the changes that occur to individual histones and the chromatin structure present at these loci.
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Blanc RS, Richard S. Arginine Methylation: The Coming of Age. Mol Cell 2017; 65:8-24. [PMID: 28061334 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 640] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification functioning as an epigenetic regulator of transcription and playing key roles in pre-mRNA splicing, DNA damage signaling, mRNA translation, cell signaling, and cell fate decision. Recently, a wealth of studies using transgenic mouse models and selective PRMT inhibitors helped define physiological roles for protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) linking them to diseases such as cancer and metabolic, neurodegenerative, and muscular disorders. This review describes the recent molecular advances that have been uncovered in normal and diseased mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roméo S Blanc
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group and the Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H2W 1S6, Canada
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group and the Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H2W 1S6, Canada.
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Mona B, Uruena A, Kollipara RK, Ma Z, Borromeo MD, Chang JC, Johnson JE. Repression by PRDM13 is critical for generating precision in neuronal identity. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28850031 PMCID: PMC5576485 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that activate some genes while silencing others are critical to ensure precision in lineage specification as multipotent progenitors become restricted in cell fate. During neurodevelopment, these mechanisms are required to generate the diversity of neuronal subtypes found in the nervous system. Here we report interactions between basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional activators and the transcriptional repressor PRDM13 that are critical for specifying dorsal spinal cord neurons. PRDM13 inhibits gene expression programs for excitatory neuronal lineages in the dorsal neural tube. Strikingly, PRDM13 also ensures a battery of ventral neural tube specification genes such as Olig1, Olig2 and Prdm12 are excluded dorsally. PRDM13 does this via recruitment to chromatin by multiple neural bHLH factors to restrict gene expression in specific neuronal lineages. Together these findings highlight the function of PRDM13 in repressing the activity of bHLH transcriptional activators that together are required to achieve precise neuronal specification during mouse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishakha Mona
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ana Uruena
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Rahul K Kollipara
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Zhenzhong Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Mark D Borromeo
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Joshua C Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Jane E Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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Krapivinsky G, Krapivinsky L, Renthal NE, Santa-Cruz A, Manasian Y, Clapham DE. Histone phosphorylation by TRPM6's cleaved kinase attenuates adjacent arginine methylation to regulate gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E7092-E7100. [PMID: 28784805 PMCID: PMC5576826 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708427114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPM6 and TRPM7 are members of the melastatin-related transient receptor potential (TRPM) subfamily of ion channels. Deletion of either gene in mice is embryonically lethal. TRPM6/7 are the only known examples of single polypeptides containing both an ion channel pore and a serine/threonine kinase (chanzyme). Here we show that the C-terminal kinase domain of TRPM6 is cleaved from the channel domain in a cell type-specific fashion and is active. Cleavage requires that the channel conductance is functional. The cleaved kinase translocates to the nucleus, where it is strictly localized and phosphorylates specific histone serine and threonine (S/T) residues. TRPM6-cleaved kinases (M6CKs) bind subunits of the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) molecular complex that make important epigenetic modifications by methylating histone arginine residues. Histone phosphorylation by M6CK results in a dramatic decrease in methylation of arginines adjacent to M6CK-phosphorylated amino acids. Knockout of TRPM6 or inactivation of its kinase results in global changes in histone S/T phosphorylation and changes the transcription of hundreds of genes. We hypothesize that M6CK associates with the PRMT5 molecular complex in the nucleus, directing M6CK to a specific genomic location and providing site-specific histone phosphorylation. M6CK histone phosphorylation, in turn, regulates transcription by attenuating the effect of local arginine methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory Krapivinsky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Luba Krapivinsky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nora E Renthal
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ana Santa-Cruz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yunona Manasian
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David E Clapham
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
- Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Rolev K, O'Donovan DG, Georgiou C, Rajan MS, Chittka A. Identification of Prdm genes in human corneal endothelium. Exp Eye Res 2017; 159:114-122. [PMID: 28228349 PMCID: PMC5451076 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) are essential for maintaining corneal stromal hydration and ensuring its transparency, which is necessary for normal vision. Dysfunction of CECs leads to stromal decompensation, loss of transparency and corneal blindness. Corneal endothelium has low proliferative potential compared to surface epithelial cells leading to poor regeneration of CEC following injury. Additionally, the tissue exhibits age related decline in endothelial cell density with re-organisation of the cell layer, but no regeneration. The mechanisms which control proliferation and differentiation of neural crest derived CEC progenitors are yet to be clearly elucidated. Prdm (Positive regulatory domain) family of transcriptional regulators and chromatin modifiers are important for driving differentiation of a variety of cellular types. Many Prdm proteins are expressed in specific precursor cell populations and are necessary for their progression to a fully differentiated phenotype. In the present work, we sought to identify members of the Prdm gene family which are specifically expressed in human (h) CECs with a view to begin addressing their potential roles in CEC biology, focussing especially on Prdm 4 and 5 genes. By performing semi-quantitative reverse transcription coupled to PCR amplification we found that in addition to Prdm4 and Prdm5, Prdm2 and Prdm10 genes are expressed in hCECs. We further found that cultured primary hCECs or immortalised HCEC-12 cells express all of the Prdm genes found in CECs, but also express additional Prdm transcripts. This difference is most pronounced between Prdm gene expression patterns of CECs isolated from healthy human corneas and immortalised HCEC-12 cells. We further investigated Prdm 4 and Prdm 5 protein expression in cultured primary hCECs and HCEC-12 cells as well as in a human cadaveric whole cornea. Both Prdm 4 and Prdm 5 are expressed in human corneal endothelium, primary hCECs and in HCECs-12 cells, characterised by expression of the Na+/K+-ATPase. We observed that both proteins exhibit cytosolic (intracellular, but non-nuclear and distinct from extracellular fluid) as well as nuclear localisation within the endothelial layer, with Prdm 5 being more concentrated in the nuclei of the endothelial cells than Prdm 4. Thus, our work identifies novel Prdm genes specifically expressed in corneal endothelial cells which may be important in the control of CEC differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostadin Rolev
- Anglia Ruskin University, Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences and the Vision & Eye Research Unit, Cambridge CB1 1PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Dominic G O'Donovan
- Dept. of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Christiana Georgiou
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Madhavan S Rajan
- Anglia Ruskin University, Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences and the Vision & Eye Research Unit, Cambridge CB1 1PT, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexandra Chittka
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Arginine Methylation by PRMT1 Regulates Muscle Stem Cell Fate. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00457-16. [PMID: 27849571 PMCID: PMC5247616 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00457-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescent muscle stem cells (MSCs) become activated in response to skeletal muscle injury to initiate regeneration. Activated MSCs proliferate and differentiate to repair damaged fibers or self-renew to maintain the pool and ensure future regeneration. The balance between self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation is a tightly regulated process controlled by a genetic cascade involving determinant transcription factors such as Pax7, Myf5, MyoD, and MyoG. Recently, there have been several reports about the role of arginine methylation as a requirement for epigenetically mediated control of muscle regeneration. Here we report that the protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is expressed in MSCs and that conditional ablation of PRMT1 in MSCs using Pax7CreERT2 causes impairment of muscle regeneration. Importantly, PRMT1-deficient MSCs have enhanced cell proliferation after injury but are unable to terminate the myogenic differentiation program, leading to regeneration failure. We identify the coactivator of Six1, Eya1, as a substrate of PRMT1. We show that PRMT1 methylates Eya1 in vitro and that loss of PRMT1 function in vivo prevents Eya1 methylation. Moreover, we observe that PRMT1-deficient MSCs have reduced expression of Eya1/Six1 target MyoD due to disruption of Eya1 recruitment at the MyoD promoter and subsequent Eya1-mediated coactivation. These findings suggest that arginine methylation by PRMT1 regulates muscle stem cell fate through the Eya1/Six1/MyoD axis.
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Structural Analysis of Glycine Sarcosine N-methyltransferase from Methanohalophilus portucalensis Reveals Mechanistic Insights into the Regulation of Methyltransferase Activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38071. [PMID: 27934872 PMCID: PMC5146677 DOI: 10.1038/srep38071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyltransferases play crucial roles in many cellular processes, and various regulatory mechanisms have evolved to control their activities. For methyltransferases involved in biosynthetic pathways, regulation via feedback inhibition is a commonly employed strategy to prevent excessive accumulation of the pathways’ end products. To date, no biosynthetic methyltransferases have been characterized by X-ray crystallography in complex with their corresponding end product. Here, we report the crystal structures of the glycine sarcosine N-methyltransferase from the halophilic archaeon Methanohalophilus portucalensis (MpGSMT), which represents the first structural elucidation of the GSMT methyltransferase family. As the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of the osmoprotectant betaine, MpGSMT catalyzes N-methylation of glycine and sarcosine, and its activity is feedback-inhibited by the end product betaine. A structural analysis revealed that, despite the simultaneous presence of both substrate (sarcosine) and cofactor (S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine; SAH), the enzyme was likely crystallized in an inactive conformation, as additional structural changes are required to complete the active site assembly. Consistent with this interpretation, the bound SAH can be replaced by the methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine without triggering the methylation reaction. Furthermore, the observed conformational state was found to harbor a betaine-binding site, suggesting that betaine may inhibit MpGSMT activity by trapping the enzyme in an inactive form. This work implicates a structural basis by which feedback inhibition of biosynthetic methyltransferases may be achieved.
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Ji S, Ma S, Wang WJ, Huang SZ, Wang TQ, Xiang R, Hu YG, Chen Q, Li LL, Yang SY. Discovery of selective protein arginine methyltransferase 5 inhibitors and biological evaluations. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 89:585-598. [PMID: 27714957 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Shuang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Shen-Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Tian-qi Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine; School of Medicine; Nankai University; Tianjin China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine; School of Medicine; Nankai University; Tianjin China
| | - Yi-Guo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Lin-Li Li
- West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Sheng-Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
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