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Sinkarevs S, Strumfs B, Volkova S, Strumfa I. Tumour Microenvironment: The General Principles of Pathogenesis and Implications in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Cells 2024; 13:1057. [PMID: 38920685 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide, constituting around 30-40% of all cases. Almost 60% of patients develop relapse of refractory DLBCL. Among the reasons for the therapy failure, tumour microenvironment (TME) components could be involved, including tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and different subtypes of cytotoxic CD8+ cells and T regulatory cells, which show complex interactions with tumour cells. Understanding of the TME can provide new therapeutic options for patients with DLBCL and improve their prognosis and overall survival. This review provides essentials of the latest understanding of tumour microenvironment elements and discusses their role in tumour progression and immune suppression mechanisms which result in poor prognosis for patients with DLBCL. In addition, we point out important markers for the diagnostic purposes and highlight novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislavs Sinkarevs
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Boriss Strumfs
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Svetlana Volkova
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Strumfa
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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Zhang X, Liang Q, Cao Y, Yang T, An M, Liu Z, Yang J, Liu Y. Dual depletion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor cells with self-assembled gemcitabine-celecoxib nano-twin drug for cancer chemoimmunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:319. [PMID: 38849938 PMCID: PMC11161946 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have played a significant role in facilitating tumor immune escape and inducing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Eliminating MDSCs and tumor cells remains a major challenge in cancer immunotherapy. A novel approach has been developed using gemcitabine-celecoxib twin drug-based nano-assembled carrier-free nanoparticles (GEM-CXB NPs) for dual depletion of MDSCs and tumor cells in breast cancer chemoimmunotherapy. The GEM-CXB NPs exhibit prolonged blood circulation, leading to the preferential accumulation and co-release of GEM and CXB in tumors. This promotes synergistic chemotherapeutic activity by the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction against 4T1 tumor cells. In addition, it enhances tumor immunogenicity by immunogenic cell death induction and MDSC-induced immunosuppression alleviation through the depletion of MDSCs. These mechanisms synergistically activate the antitumor immune function of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, inhibit the proliferation of regulatory T cells, and promote the M2 to M1 phenotype repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages, considerably enhancing the overall antitumor and anti-metastasis efficacy in BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 tumors. The simplified engineering of GEM-CXB NPs, with their dual depletion strategy targeting immunosuppressive cells and tumor cells, represents an advanced concept in cancer chemoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Qiangwei Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yongjin Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Nursing, Wuxi Taihu University, Wuxi, 214064, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Min An
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jiayu Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Ye Y, Yang F, Gu Z, Li W, Yuan Y, Liu S, Zhou L, Han B, Zheng R, Cao Z. Fibroblast growth factor pathway promotes glycolysis by activating LDHA and suppressing LDHB in a STAT1-dependent manner in prostate cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:474. [PMID: 38764020 PMCID: PMC11103983 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initiation of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) expression coincident with the decrease of FGF2 expression is a well-documented event in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and LDHB are essential metabolic products that promote tumor growth. However, the relationship between FGF1/FGF2 and LDHA/B-mediated glycolysis in PCa progression is not reported. Thus, we aimed to explore whether FGF1/2 could regulate LDHA and LDHB to promote glycolysis and explored the involved signaling pathway in PCa progression. METHODS In vitro studies used RT‒qPCR, Western blot, CCK-8 assays, and flow cytometry to analyze gene and protein expression, cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle in PCa cell lines. Glycolysis was assessed by measuring glucose consumption, lactate production, and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). For in vivo studies, a xenograft mouse model of PCa was established and treated with an FGF pathway inhibitor, and tumor growth was monitored. RESULTS FGF1, FGF2, and LDHA were expressed at high levels in PCa cells, while LDHB expression was low. FGF1/2 positively modulated LDHA and negatively modulated LDHB in PCa cells. The depletion of FGF1, FGF2, or LDHA reduced cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and inhibited glycolysis. LDHB overexpression showed similar inhibitory effect on PCa cells. Mechanistically, we found that FGF1/2 positively regulated STAT1 and STAT1 transcriptionally activated LDHA expression while suppressed LDHB expression. Furthermore, the treatment of an FGF pathway inhibitor suppressed PCa tumor growth in mice. CONCLUSION The FGF pathway facilitates glycolysis by activating LDHA and suppressing LDHB in a STAT1-dependent manner in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Ye
- Department of Urology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan people's hospital), 523059, Dongguan, China
| | - Fukan Yang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Graduate School, 524002, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhanhao Gu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Graduate School, 524002, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Department of Oncology, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Tumors, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan people's hospital), 523059, Dongguan, China
| | - Yinjiao Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Tumors, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan people's hospital), 523059, Dongguan, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510510, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqian Liu
- Department of Urology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan people's hospital), 523059, Dongguan, China
| | - Le Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Tumors, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan people's hospital), 523059, Dongguan, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510510, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Oncology, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Tumors, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan people's hospital), 523059, Dongguan, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510510, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruinian Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Tumors, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan people's hospital), 523059, Dongguan, China.
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510510, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- Department of Urology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan people's hospital), 523059, Dongguan, China.
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Akinsipe T, Mohamedelhassan R, Akinpelu A, Pondugula SR, Mistriotis P, Avila LA, Suryawanshi A. Cellular interactions in tumor microenvironment during breast cancer progression: new frontiers and implications for novel therapeutics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1302587. [PMID: 38533507 PMCID: PMC10963559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1302587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The breast cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) is dynamic, with various immune and non-immune cells interacting to regulate tumor progression and anti-tumor immunity. It is now evident that the cells within the TME significantly contribute to breast cancer progression and resistance to various conventional and newly developed anti-tumor therapies. Both immune and non-immune cells in the TME play critical roles in tumor onset, uncontrolled proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and resistance to anti-tumor therapies. Consequently, molecular and cellular components of breast TME have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for developing novel treatments. The breast TME primarily comprises cancer cells, stromal cells, vasculature, and infiltrating immune cells. Currently, numerous clinical trials targeting specific TME components of breast cancer are underway. However, the complexity of the TME and its impact on the evasion of anti-tumor immunity necessitate further research to develop novel and improved breast cancer therapies. The multifaceted nature of breast TME cells arises from their phenotypic and functional plasticity, which endows them with both pro and anti-tumor roles during tumor progression. In this review, we discuss current understanding and recent advances in the pro and anti-tumoral functions of TME cells and their implications for developing safe and effective therapies to control breast cancer progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin Akinsipe
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Rania Mohamedelhassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ayuba Akinpelu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Satyanarayana R. Pondugula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - L. Adriana Avila
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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He Z, Zhang X, Wang S, Dai X, Wang Q, Lu Q, Lu H, Wu Y, Wang H, Wang X, Wang H, Liu Y. The predictive value of prognosis and therapeutic response for STAT family in pancreatic cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16150. [PMID: 37215832 PMCID: PMC10199255 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins, well-known cytoplasmic transcription factors, were found to be abnormally expressed in various cancers and play essential parts in the initiation, progression and therapy resistance of cancer. Nevertheless, the functions of different STATs in pancreatic cancer (PC) and their relationship to the prognosis and immune infiltration as well as drug efficacy in PC patients have not been systematically elucidated. Methods Expression, prognosis, genetic alterations and pathway enrichment analyses of the STAT family were investigated via Oncomine, GEPIA, Kaplan Meier-plotter, cBioPortal, Metascape and GSEA. Analysis of tumor immune microenvironment was conducted by ESTIMATE and TIMER. "pRRophetic" packages were used for analysis of chemotherapeutic response. Finally, the diagnostic and prognostic value of key STATs were further validated through public datasets and immunohistochemistry. Results In this study, only STAT1 mRNA level was significantly increased in tumor tissues and highly expressed in PC cell lines via multiple datasets. PC patients with higher STAT1/4/6 expression had a worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), while higher STAT5B expression was correlated with better prognosis in the TCGA cohort. The STATs-associated genes were enriched in pathways about the remodeling of tumor immune microenvironment. The STATs levels were significantly correlated with immune infiltration, except STAT6. The STAT1 was identified as a potential biomarker and its diagnostic and prognostic value were further validated at mRNA and protein levels. GSEA showed that STAT1 may be involved in the progression and immune regulations of PC. Moreover, STAT1 expression was significantly related to the level of immune checkpoint, and predicted immunotherapy and chemotherapy responses. Conclusion STAT family members were comprehensively analyzed and STAT1 was identified as an effective biomarker for predicting the survival and therapeutic response, which could be beneficial to develop better treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei He
- Yangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou 225002, China
- Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Xiaojun Dai
- Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Qingying Wang
- Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Qingyun Lu
- Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Yongjian Wu
- Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Yangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou 225002, China
- Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou 225002, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
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Curio S, Lin W, Bromley C, McGovern J, Triulzi C, Jonsson G, Ghislat G, Zelenay S, Guerra N. NKG2D Fine-Tunes the Local Inflammatory Response in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1792. [PMID: 36980678 PMCID: PMC10046042 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major challenge due to the heterogeneous immunological, clinical and pathological landscapes. Immunotherapy has so far only proven effective in a very limited subgroup of CRC patients. To better define the immune landscape, we examined the immune gene expression profile in various subsets of CRC patients and used a mouse model of intestinal tumors to dissect immune functions. We found that the NK cell receptor, natural-killer group 2 member D (NKG2D, encoded by KLRK1) and NKG2D ligand gene expression is elevated in the most immunogenic subset of CRC patients. High level of KLRK1 positively correlated with the mRNA expression of IFNG and associated with a poor survival of CRC patients. We further show that NKG2D deficiency in the Apcmin/+ mouse model of intestinal tumorigenesis led to reduced intratumoral IFNγ production, reduced tumorigenesis and enhanced survival, suggesting that the high levels of IFNγ observed in the tumors of CRC patients may be a consequence of NKG2D engagement. The mechanisms governing the contribution of NKG2D to CRC progression highlighted in this study will fuel discussions about (i) the benefit of targeting NKG2D in CRC patients and (ii) the need to define the predictive value of NKG2D and NKG2D ligand expression across tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Curio
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
- The University of Queensland Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Wanzun Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Christian Bromley
- Cancer Inflammation and Immunity Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Jenny McGovern
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Chiara Triulzi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Gustav Jonsson
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Ghita Ghislat
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Santiago Zelenay
- Cancer Inflammation and Immunity Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Nadia Guerra
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
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Gou W, Yang Y, Shan Q, Xia S, Ma Y. P4HA1, transcriptionally activated by STAT1, promotes esophageal cancer progression. Pathol Int 2023; 73:147-158. [PMID: 36734588 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most frequent cancers with a higher mortality worldwide. Although prolyl 4-hydroxylase alpha polypeptide I (P4HA1) is involved in various human malignancies, the function of P4HA1 in EC remains unclear. The mRNA and protein expressions were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot and immunohistochemistry. CCK8 assay was used to detect EC cell viability. Cell proliferation was analyzed by colony formation and ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays. In addition, flow cytometry and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining were performed to detect cell apoptosis. Masson's trichrome staining was used to assess the collagen fiber level in tumor tissues. The interaction between STAT1 and P4HA4 was analyzed using ChIP, dual-luciferase reporter gene and Y1H assays. P4HA1 was overexpressed in EC, and its knockdown suppressed EC cell proliferation and collagen synthesis and increased cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, P4HA1 knockdown could repress EC tumor growth in vivo. Our further research displayed that STAT1 promoted P4HA1 expression by interacting with P4HA1 promoter. As expected, P4HA1 overexpression abolished STAT1 knockdown's repression on EC cell malignant behaviors. Our research proved that P4HA1 was transcriptionally activated by STAT1, thereby promoting EC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Gou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, China.,Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Wanning, Wanning, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Endoscopy, People's Hospital of Wanning, Wanning, Hainan Province, China
| | - Qiuyue Shan
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Wanning, Wanning, Hainan Province, China
| | - Shengqiang Xia
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Wanning, Wanning, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yuqing Ma
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, China
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Han J, Zhou Y, Zhang C, Feng J, Wang J, Guo K, Chen W, Li Y. Intratumoral immune heterogeneity of prostate cancer characterized by typing and hub genes. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:101-112. [PMID: 36524848 PMCID: PMC9806298 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Discordant abundances of different immune cell subtypes is regarded to be an essential feature of tumour tissue. Direct studies in Prostate cancer (PC) of intratumoral immune heterogeneity characterized by immune cell subtype, are still lacking. Using the single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm, the abundance of 28 immune cells infiltration (ICI) were determined for PC. A NMF was performed to determine tumour-sample clustering based on the abundance of ICI and PFS information. Hub genes of clusters were identified via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The multivariate dimensionality reduction analysis of hub genes expression matrix was carried out via principal component analysis (PCA) to obtain immune score (IS). We analysed the correlation between clustering, IS and clinical phenotype. We divided the 495 patients into clusterA (n = 193) and clusterB (n = 302) on the basis of ICI and PFS via NMF. The progression-free survival (PFS) were better for clusterA than for clusterB (p < 0.001). Each immune cell subtypes was more abundant in clusterA than in clusterB (p < 0.001). The expression levels of CTAL-4 and PD-L1 were lower in clusterB than in clusterA (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006). We obtained 103 hub genes via WGCNA. In the training and validation cohorts, the prognosis of high IS group was worse than that of the low IS group (p < 0.05). IS had good predictive effect on 5-year PFS. The expression of immune checkpoint genes was higher in the low IS group than in the high IS group (p < 0.01). Patients with low IS and receiving hormone therapy had better prognosis than other groups. The combination of IS and clinical characteristics including lymph node metastasis and gleason score can better differentiate patient outcomes than using it alone. IS was a practical algorithm to predict the prognosis of patients. Advanced PC patients with low IS may be more sensitive to hormone therapy. CXCL10, CXCL5, MMP1, CXCL12, CXCL11, CXCL2, STAT1, IL-6 and TLR2 were hub genes, which may drive the homing of immune cells in tumours and promote immune cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Han
- Department of Urology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chundong Zhang
- Department of Function, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianyong Feng
- Department of Urology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junhao Wang
- Department of Urology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kuo Guo
- Department of Urology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Department of Urology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongzhang Li
- Department of Urology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
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Blomberg E, Silginer M, Roth P, Weller M. Differential roles of type I interferon signaling in tumor versus host cells in experimental glioma models. Transl Oncol 2022; 28:101607. [PMID: 36571986 PMCID: PMC9800198 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite multimodal treatment approaches including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the median survival for patients with glioblastoma remains in the range of one year and thus poor. Type I interferons (IFN) are involved in immune responses to viral infection and exhibit anti-tumor activity in certain cancers. Here we explored the biological relevance of constitutive type I IFN signaling in murine glioma models in vitro and in vivo. CT-2A, GL-261, SMA-497, SMA-540 and SMA-560 murine glioma cells expressed IFN type I receptors IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 and were responsive to exogenous IFN stimulation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of IFNAR1 decreased the baseline expression of type I IFN response genes in GL-261 cells, but neither in CT-2A nor in SMA-560 cells. IFNAR1 deletion slowed growth in GL-261 and SMA-560, but not in CT-2A cells. However, only the growth of IFNAR1-depleted GL-261 tumors and not that of SMA-560 tumors was delayed in vivo upon orthotopic tumor cell implantation into syngeneic mice. This survival gain was no longer detected when the IFNAR1-depleted GL-261 cells were inoculated into IFNAR1-deficient mice. Altogether these data suggest that constitutive type I IFN signaling in gliomas may be pro-tumorigenic, but only in a microenvironment that is proficient for type I IFN signaling in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Blomberg
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Zürich
| | - Manuela Silginer
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Roth
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Zürich,Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Zürich,Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Corresponding author at: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Matza Porges S, Shamriz O. Genetics of Immune Dysregulation and Cancer Predisposition: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 210:114-127. [PMID: 36165533 PMCID: PMC9750831 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% of cancers have a hereditary predisposition. However, no genetic diagnosis is available in 60%-80% of familial cancers. In some of these families, immune dysregulation-mediated disease is frequent. The immune system plays a critical role in identifying and eliminating tumors; thus, dysregulation of the immune system can increase the risk of developing cancer. This review focuses on some of the genes involved in immune dysregulation the promote the risk for cancer. Genetic counseling for patients with cancer currently focuses on known genes that raise the risk of cancer. In missing hereditary familial cases, the history family of immune dysregulation should be recorded, and genes related to the immune system should be analyzed in relevant families. On the other hand, patients with immune disorders diagnosed with a pathogenic mutation in an immune regulatory gene may have an increased risk of cancer. Therefore, those patients need to be under surveillance for cancer. Gene panel and exome sequencing are currently standard methods for genetic diagnosis, providing an excellent opportunity to jointly test cancer and immune genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Matza Porges
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute for Medical Research, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oded Shamriz
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Wong GL, Manore SG, Doheny DL, Lo HW. STAT family of transcription factors in breast cancer: Pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:84-106. [PMID: 35995341 PMCID: PMC9714692 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second-leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) promote metastasis and therapeutic resistance contributing to tumor relapse. Through activating genes important for BCSCs, transcription factors contribute to breast cancer metastasis and therapeutic resistance, including the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors. The STAT family consists of six major isoforms, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5, and STAT6. Canonical STAT signaling is activated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell-surface receptor followed by STAT phosphorylation, leading to STAT nuclear translocation and transactivation of target genes. It is important to note that STAT transcription factors exhibit diverse effects in breast cancer; some are either pro- or anti-tumorigenic while others maintain dual, context-dependent roles. Among the STAT transcription factors, STAT3 is the most widely studied STAT protein in breast cancer for its critical roles in promoting BCSCs, breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune evasion. Consequently, there have been substantial efforts in developing cancer therapeutics to target breast cancer with dysregulated STAT3 signaling. In this comprehensive review, we will summarize the diverse roles that each STAT family member plays in breast cancer pathobiology, as well as, the opportunities and challenges in pharmacologically targeting STAT proteins and their upstream activators in the context of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sara G Manore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L Doheny
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Breast Cancer Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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12
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GITRL impairs the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs via PTEN-mediated signaling pathway in experimental Sjögren syndrome. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1577-1588. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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13
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Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling in Cancer-Induced Cachexia: From Molecular Pathways to the Clinics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172671. [PMID: 36078078 PMCID: PMC9454487 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a metabolic syndrome consisting of massive loss of muscle mass and function that has a severe impact on the quality of life and survival of cancer patients. Up to 20% of lung cancer patients and up to 80% of pancreatic cancer patients are diagnosed with cachexia, leading to death in 20% of them. The main drivers of cachexia are cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1/GDF15) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Besides its double-edged role as a tumor suppressor and activator, TGF-β causes muscle loss through myostatin-based signaling, involved in the reduction in protein synthesis and enhanced protein degradation. Additionally, TGF-β induces inhibin and activin, causing weight loss and muscle depletion, while MIC-1/GDF15, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, leads to anorexia and so, indirectly, to muscle wasting, acting on the hypothalamus center. Against this background, the blockade of TGF-β is tested as a potential mechanism to revert cachexia, and antibodies against TGF-β reduced weight and muscle loss in murine models of pancreatic cancer. This article reviews the role of the TGF-β pathway and to a minor extent of other molecules including microRNA in cancer onset and progression with a special focus on their involvement in cachexia, to enlighten whether TGF-β and such other players could be potential targets for therapy.
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Luo CK, Chou PH, Ng SK, Lin WY, Wei TT. Cannabinoids orchestrate cross-talk between cancer cells and endothelial cells in colorectal cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:597-611. [PMID: 34007062 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Medical marijuana has been approved by the FDA for treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. However, less is known about its direct effects on tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. In this study, RNA-sequencing datasets in the NCBI GEO repository were first analyzed; upregulation of cannabinoid receptors was observed in both primary and metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor tissues. An increase of cannabinoid receptors was also found in patients with CRC, azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced CRC and CRC metastatic mouse models. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)-induced tumor progression in both primary and metastatic mouse models and also increased angiogenesis. A human growth factor antibody array indicated that Δ9-THC promoted the secretion of angiogenic growth factors in CRC, leading to the induction of tube formation and migration in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular endothelial cells. The nuclear translocation of STAT1 played important roles in Δ9-THC-induced angiogenesis and tumor progression. Pharmacological treatment with STAT1 antagonist or abrogation of STAT1 with CRISPR/Cas9-based strategy rescued those effects of Δ9-THC in CRC. This study demonstrates that marijuana might increase the risk of CRC progression and that inhibition of STAT1 is a potential strategy for attenuating these side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Kai Luo
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chou
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Kok Ng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tang Wei
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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JAK-STAT1 Signaling Pathway Is an Early Response to Helicobacter pylori Infection and Contributes to Immune Escape and Gastric Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084147. [PMID: 35456965 PMCID: PMC9031264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection induces a number of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways contributing to gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis and has been identified as a major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer (GC). Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling mediates immune regulatory processes, including tumor-driven immune escape. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed on gastric epithelium can suppress the immune system by shutting down T cell effector function. In a human cohort of subjects with gastric lesions and GC analyzed by proteomics, STAT1 increased along the cascade of progression of precancerous gastric lesions to GC and was further associated with a poor prognosis of GC (Hazard Ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.34 (1.04-5.30)). We observed that STAT1 was activated in human H. pylori-positive gastritis, while in GC, STAT1, and its target gene, PD-L1, were significantly elevated. To confirm the dependency of H. pylori, we infected gastric epithelial cells in vitro and observed strong activation of STAT1 and upregulation of PD-L1, which depended on cytokines produced by immune cells. To investigate the correlation of immune infiltration with STAT1 activation and PD-L1 expression, we employed a mouse model of H. pylori-induced gastric lesions in an Rnf43-deficient background. Here, phosphorylated STAT1 and PD-L1 were correlated with immune infiltration and proliferation. STAT1 and PD-L1 were upregulated in gastric tumor tissues compared with normal tissues and were associated with immune infiltration and poor prognosis based on the TCGA-STAD database. H. pylori-induced activation of STAT1 and PD-L1 expression may prevent immune surveillance in the gastric mucosa, allowing premalignant lesions to progress to gastric cancer.
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16
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Chou PH, Luo CK, Wali N, Lin WY, Ng SK, Wang CH, Zhao M, Lin SW, Yang PM, Liu PJ, Shie JJ, Wei TT. A chemical probe inhibitor targeting STAT1 restricts cancer stem cell traits and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:20. [PMID: 35313878 PMCID: PMC8939146 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide cancer with rising annual incidence. New medications for patients with CRC are still needed. Recently, fluorescent chemical probes have been developed for cancer imaging and therapy. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) has complex functions in tumorigenesis and its role in CRC still needs further investigation. Methods RNA sequencing datasets in the NCBI GEO repository were analyzed to investigate the expression of STAT1 in patients with CRC. Xenograft mouse models, tail vein injection mouse models, and azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) mouse models were generated to study the roles of STAT1 in CRC. A ligand-based high-throughput virtual screening approach combined with SWEETLEAD chemical database analysis was used to discover new STAT1 inhibitors. A newly designed and synthesized fluorescently labeled 4’,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone (THIF) probe (BODIPY-THIF) elucidated the mechanistic actions of STAT1 and THIF in vitro and in vivo. Colonosphere formation assay and chick chorioallantoic membrane assay were used to evaluate stemness and angiogenesis, respectively. Results Upregulation of STAT1 was observed in patients with CRC and in mouse models of AOM/DSS-induced CRC and metastatic CRC. Knockout of STAT1 in CRC cells reduced tumor growth in vivo. We then combined a high-throughput virtual screening approach and analysis of the SWEETLEAD chemical database and found that THIF, a flavonoid abundant in soybeans, was a novel STAT1 inhibitor. THIF inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation and might bind to the STAT1 SH2 domain, leading to blockade of STAT1-STAT1 dimerization. The results of in vitro and in vivo binding studies of THIF and STAT1 were validated. The pharmacological treatment with BODIPY-THIF or ablation of STAT1 via a CRISPR/Cas9-based strategy abolished stemness and angiogenesis in CRC. Oral administration of BODIPY-THIF attenuated colitis symptoms and tumor growth in the mouse model of AOM/DSS-induced CRC. Conclusions This study demonstrates that STAT1 plays an oncogenic role in CRC. BODIPY-THIF is a new chemical probe inhibitor of STAT1 that reduces stemness and angiogenesis in CRC. BODIPY-THIF can be a potential tool for CRC therapy as well as cancer cell imaging. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00803-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsuan Chou
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Cong-Kai Luo
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Niaz Wali
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program in Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics (TIGP-CBMB), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Kok Ng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Mingtao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sheng-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Yang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Jung Liu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Jie Shie
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Tang Wei
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, 1st Section, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan. .,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program in Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics (TIGP-CBMB), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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17
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Perrone M, Talarico G, Chiodoni C, Sangaletti S. Impact of Immune Cell Heterogeneity on HER2+ Breast Cancer Prognosis and Response to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6352. [PMID: 34944971 PMCID: PMC8699132 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a high degree of diversity among and within tumors, and in relation to its different tumor microenvironment. Compared to other oncotypes, such as melanoma or lung cancer, breast cancer is considered a "cold" tumor, characterized by low T lymphocyte infiltration and low tumor mutational burden. However, more recent evidence argues against this idea and indicates that, at least for specific molecular breast cancer subtypes, the immune infiltrate may be clinically relevant and heterogeneous, with significant variations in its stromal cell/protein composition across patients and tumor stages. High numbers of tumor-infiltrating T cells are most frequent in HER2-positive and basal-like molecular subtypes and are generally associated with a good prognosis and response to therapies. However, effector immune infiltrates show protective immunity in some cancers but not in others. This could depend on one or more immunosuppressive mechanisms acting alone or in concert. Some of them might include, in addition to immune cells, other tumor microenvironment determinants such as the extracellular matrix composition and stiffness as well as stromal cells, like fibroblasts and adipocytes, that may prevent cytotoxic T cells from infiltrating the tumor microenvironment or may inactivate their antitumor functions. This review will summarize the state of the different immune tumor microenvironment determinants affecting HER2+ breast tumor progression, their response to treatment, and how they are modified by different therapeutic approaches. Potential targets within the immune tumor microenvironment will also be discussed.
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18
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Lin X, Fang Y, Jin X, Zhang M, Shi K. Modulating Repolarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Targeted Therapeutic Nanoparticles as a Potential Strategy for Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5871-5896. [PMID: 35006894 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are always some components in the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), that help tumor cells escape the body's immune surveillance. Therefore, this situation can lead to tumor growth, progression, and metastasis, resulting in low response rates for cancer therapy. Macrophages play an important role with strong plasticity and functional diversity. Facing different microenvironmental stimulations, macrophages undergo a dynamic change in phenotype and function into two major macrophage subpopulations, namely classical activation/inflammation (M1) and alternative activation/regeneration (M2) type. Through various signaling pathways, macrophages polarize into complex groups, which can perform different immune functions. In this review, we emphasize the use of nanopreparations for macrophage related immunotherapy based on the pathological knowledge of TAMs phenotype. These macrophages targeted nanoparticles re-edit and re-educate macrophages by attenuating M2 macrophages and reducing aggregation to the TME, thereby relieving or alleviating immunosuppression. Among them, we describe in detail the cellular mechanisms and regulators of several major signaling pathways involved in the plasticity and polarization functions of macrophages. The advantages and challenges of those nanotherapeutics for these pathways have been elucidated, providing the basis and insights for the diagnosis and treatment strategies of various diseases centered on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 117004, P. R. China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 117004, P. R. China
| | - Xuechao Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 117004, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 117004, P. R. China
| | - Kai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
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Pleskow DK, Zhang L, Turzhitsky V, Coughlan MF, Khan U, Zhang X, Sheil CJ, Glyavina M, Chen L, Shinagare S, Zakharov YN, Vitkin E, Itzkan I, Perelman LT, Qiu L. Coherent confocal light scattering spectroscopic microscopy evaluates cancer progression and aggressiveness in live cells and tissue. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:2050-2059. [PMID: 34485615 PMCID: PMC8411902 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The observation of biological structures in live cells beyond the diffraction limit with super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is limited by the ability of fluorescence probes to permeate live cells and the effect of these probes, which are often toxic, on cellular behavior. Here we present a coherent confocal light scattering and absorption spectroscopic microscopy that for the first time enables the use of large numerical aperture optics to characterize structures in live cells down to 10 nm spatial scales, well beyond the diffraction limit. Not only does this new capability allow high resolution microscopy with light scattering contrast, but it can also be used with almost any light scattering spectroscopic application which employs lenses. We demonstrate that the coherent light scattering contrast based technique allows continuous temporal tracking of the transition from non-cancerous to an early cancerous state in live cells, without exogenous markers. We also use the technique to sense differences in the aggressiveness of cancer in live cells and for label free identification of different grades of cancer in resected tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas K. Pleskow
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University
- Center for Advanced Endoscopy, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University
| | - Vladimir Turzhitsky
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University
| | - Mark F. Coughlan
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University
| | - Umar Khan
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University
| | - Conor J. Sheil
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University
| | - Maria Glyavina
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University
| | - Liming Chen
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University
| | - Shweta Shinagare
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University
| | - Yuri N. Zakharov
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University
| | - Edward Vitkin
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University
| | - Irving Itzkan
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University
| | - Lev T. Perelman
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard University
| | - Le Qiu
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University
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Zembroski AS, Andolino C, Buhman KK, Teegarden D. Proteomic Characterization of Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplets in Human Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:576326. [PMID: 34141606 PMCID: PMC8204105 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.576326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the characteristic features of metastatic breast cancer is increased cellular storage of neutral lipid in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs). CLD accumulation is associated with increased cancer aggressiveness, suggesting CLDs contribute to metastasis. However, how CLDs contribute to metastasis is not clear. CLDs are composed of a neutral lipid core, a phospholipid monolayer, and associated proteins. Proteins that associate with CLDs regulate both cellular and CLD metabolism; however, the proteome of CLDs in metastatic breast cancer and how these proteins may contribute to breast cancer progression is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the proteome and assess the characteristics of CLDs in the MCF10CA1a human metastatic breast cancer cell line. Utilizing shotgun proteomics, we identified over 1500 proteins involved in a variety of cellular processes in the isolated CLD fraction. Interestingly, unlike other cell lines such as adipocytes or enterocytes, the most enriched protein categories were involved in cellular processes outside of lipid metabolism. For example, cell-cell adhesion was the most enriched category of proteins identified, and many of these proteins have been implicated in breast cancer metastasis. In addition, we characterized CLD size and area in MCF10CA1a cells using transmission electron microscopy. Our results provide a hypothesis-generating list of potential players in breast cancer progression and offers a new perspective on the role of CLDs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa S Zembroski
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Chaylen Andolino
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kimberly K Buhman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Dorothy Teegarden
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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21
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Type I interferon activation and endothelial dysfunction in caveolin-1 insufficiency-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2010206118. [PMID: 33836561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010206118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferonopathies, interferon (IFN)-α/β therapy, and caveolin-1 (CAV1) loss-of-function have all been associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Here, CAV1-silenced primary human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) were proliferative and hypermigratory, with reduced cytoskeletal stress fibers. Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) were both constitutively activated in these cells, resulting in a type I IFN-biased inflammatory signature. Cav1 -/- mice that spontaneously develop pulmonary hypertension were found to have STAT1 and AKT activation in lung homogenates and increased circulating levels of CXCL10, a hallmark of IFN-mediated inflammation. PAH patients with CAV1 mutations also had elevated serum CXCL10 levels and their fibroblasts mirrored phenotypic and molecular features of CAV1-deficient PAECs. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining revealed endothelial CAV1 loss and STAT1 activation in the pulmonary arterioles of patients with idiopathic PAH, suggesting that this paradigm might not be limited to rare CAV1 frameshift mutations. While blocking JAK/STAT or AKT rescued aspects of CAV1 loss, only AKT inhibitors suppressed activation of both signaling pathways simultaneously. Silencing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) prevented STAT1 and AKT activation induced by CAV1 loss, implicating CAV1/NOS3 uncoupling and NOS3 dysregulation in the inflammatory phenotype. Exogenous IFN reduced CAV1 expression, activated STAT1 and AKT, and altered the cytoskeleton of PAECs, implicating these mechanisms in PAH associated with autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, as well as IFN therapy. CAV1 insufficiency elicits an IFN inflammatory response that results in a dysfunctional endothelial cell phenotype and targeting this pathway may reduce pathologic vascular remodeling in PAH.
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22
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Saidijam M, Afshar S, Taherkhani A. Identifying Potential Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer and Developing Non-invasive Diagnostic Models Using Bioinformatics Approaches. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ajmb.2020.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent causes of gastrointestinal tumors. Due to the invasiveness of the current diagnostic methods, there is an urgent need to develop non-invasive diagnostic approaches for CRC. The exact mechanisms and the most important genes associated with the development of CRC are not fully demonstrated. Objectives: This study aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), key genes, and their regulators associated with the pathogenesis of CRC. The signaling pathways and biological processes (BPs) that were significantly affected in CRC were also indicated. Moreover, two non-invasive models were constructed for CRC diagnosis. Methods: The miRNA dataset GSE59856 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed to identify DEMs in CRC patients compared with healthy controls (HCs). A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built and analyzed. Significant clusters in the PPI networks were identified, and the BPs and pathways associated with these clusters were studied. The hub genes in the PPI network, as well as their regulators were identified. Results: A total of 569 DEMs were demonstrated with the criteria of P value <0.001. A total of 110 essential genes and 30 modules were identified in the PPI network. Functional analysis revealed that 1005 BPs, 9 molecular functions (MFs), 14 cellular components (CCs), and 887 pathways were significantly affected in CRC. A total of 22 transcription factors (TFs) were demonstrated as the regulators of the hubs. Conclusion: Our results may provide new insight into the pathogenesis of CRC and advance the diagnostic and therapeutic methods of the disease. However, confirmation is required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Saidijam
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeid Afshar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Singh L, Muise ES, Bhattacharya A, Grein J, Javaid S, Stivers P, Zhang J, Qu Y, Joyce-Shaikh B, Loboda A, Zhang C, Meehl M, Chiang DY, Ranganath SH, Rosenzweig M, Brandish PE. ILT3 (LILRB4) Promotes the Immunosuppressive Function of Tumor-Educated Human Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:702-716. [PMID: 33372059 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are immature myeloid cells that accumulate in the tumor microenvironment (TME). MDSCs have been shown to dampen antitumor immune responses and promote tumor growth; however, the mechanisms of MDSC induction and their role in promoting immune suppression in cancer remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized the phenotype and function of monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSC) generated by coculture of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with SK-MEL-5 cancer cells in vitro. We selected the SK-MEL-5 human melanoma cell line to generate M-MDSCs because these cells form subcutaneous tumors rich in myeloid cells in humanized mice. M-MDSCs generated via SK-MEL-5 coculture expressed low levels of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, high levels of CD33 and CD11b, and suppressed both CD8+ T-cell proliferation and IFNγ secretion. M-MDSCs also expressed higher levels of immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 (ILT3, also known as LILRB4) and immunoglobulin-like transcript 4 (ILT4, also known as LILRB2) on the cell surface compared with monocytes. Therefore, we investigated how ILT3 targeting could modulate M-MDSC cell function. Treatment with an anti-ILT3 antibody impaired the acquisition of the M-MDSC suppressor phenotype and reduced the capacity of M-MDSCs to cause T-cell suppression. Finally, in combination with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), ILT3 blockade enhanced T-cell activation as assessed by IFNγ secretion. IMPLICATIONS: These results suggest that ILT3 expressed on M-MDSCs has a role in inducing immunosuppression in cancer and that antagonism of ILT3 may be useful to reverse the immunosuppressive function of M-MDSCs and enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latika Singh
- Discovery Oncology, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Eric S Muise
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jeff Grein
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah Javaid
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Stivers
- Discovery Oncology, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Zhang
- Immunology, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yujie Qu
- Immunology, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Andrey Loboda
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chunsheng Zhang
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Meehl
- Biologics Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Derek Y Chiang
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Deng W, Ma Y, Su Z, Liu Y, Liang P, Huang C, Liu X, Shao J, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Chen J, Li R. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses identify heterogeneity of CD8 + T cell subpopulations and novel therapy targets in melanoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 20:105-118. [PMID: 33575475 PMCID: PMC7851490 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are crucial to establish antitumor immunity, and their high infiltration associates with favorable prognoses. However, several CD8+ T cell subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment may play different roles in prognosis, progression, and immunotherapy. Here, we analyzed prior published single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) melanoma data to explore the heterogeneity of CD8+ T cell subpopulations and identified 7 major subpopulations. We found that high infiltration of exhausted CD8+ T cell subpopulation 2 would contribute to unfavorable prognoses. In contrast, a large proportion of naive/memory cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cell subpopulation 3 would lead to favorable prognoses. Notably, the proportion of the cytotoxic CD8+ T cell subpopulation 3 would decrease in later-stage melanoma samples, while that of the exhausted CD8+ T cell subpopulation 2 would increase. We also found that high abnormal activities of metabolic pathways existed in exhausted CD8+ T cell subpopulation 1. Significantly, immunosuppressive checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4 signaling pathways were upregulated in exhausted CD8+ T cell subpopulations. In addition, a dynamic transcript landscape of immune checkpoints among different subpopulations was also depicted in this study. Moreover, we identified three overexpressed genes (PMEL, TYRP1, and EDNRB) that were significantly correlated to poor prognoses and only expressed in exhausted CD8+ T cell subpopulation 2. Importantly, they showed the highest expression in melanoma samples compared to other tumors. In general, we characterized the CD8+ T cell subpopulations in melanoma and identified that not only genes of immunosuppressive checkpoints but also PMEL, TYRP1, and EDNRB could serve as potential targets for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Deng
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Ma
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Su
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Panpan Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Shao
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
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25
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Role of the JAK/STAT Pathway in Cervical Cancer: Its Relationship with HPV E6/E7 Oncoproteins. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102297. [PMID: 33076315 PMCID: PMC7602614 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway is associated with the regulation of essential cellular mechanisms, such as proliferation, invasion, survival, inflammation, and immunity. Aberrant JAK/STAT signaling contributes to cancer progression and metastatic development. STAT proteins play an essential role in the development of cervical cancer, and the inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway may be essential for enhancing tumor cell death. Persistent activation of different STATs is present in a variety of cancers, including cervical cancer, and their overactivation may be associated with a poor prognosis and poor overall survival. The oncoproteins E6 and E7 play a critical role in the progression of cervical cancer and may mediate the activation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Inhibition of STAT proteins appears to show promise for establishing new targets in cancer treatment. The present review summarizes the knowledge about the participation of the different components of the JAK/STAT pathway and the participation of the human papillomavirus (HPV) associated with the process of cellular malignancy.
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26
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Sadeghalvad M, Mohammadi-Motlagh HR, Rezaei N. Immune microenvironment in different molecular subtypes of ductal breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 185:261-279. [PMID: 33011829 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ductal breast carcinoma as a heterogeneous disease has different molecular subtypes associated with clinical prognosis and patients' survival. The role of immune system as a consistent part of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been documented in progression of ductal breast carcinoma. Here, we aimed to describe the important immune cells and the immune system-associated molecules in Ductal Carcinoma In situ (DCIS) and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) with special emphasis on their associations with different molecular subtypes and patients' prognosis. RESULTS The immune cells have a dual role in breast cancer (BC) microenvironment depending on the molecular subtype or tumor grade. These cells with different frequencies are present in the TME of DCIS and IDC. The presence of regulatory cells including Tregs, MDSC, Th2, Th17, M2 macrophages, HLADR- T cells, and Tγδ cells is related to more immunosuppressive microenvironment, especially in ER- and TN subtypes. In contrast, NK cells, CTL, Th, and Tfh cells are associated to the anti-tumor activity. These cells are higher in ER+ BC, although in other subtypes such as TN or HER2+ are associated with a favorable prognosis. CONCLUSION Determining the specific immune response in each subtype could be helpful in estimating the possible behavior of the tumor cells in TME. It is important to realize that different frequencies of immune cells in BC environment likely determine the patients' prognosis and their survival in each subtype. Therefore, elucidation of the distinct immune players in TME would be helpful toward developing targeted therapies in each subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sadeghalvad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Mohammadi-Motlagh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. .,Children's Medical Center Hospital, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Wu S, Wu Y, Lu Y, Yue Y, Cui C, Yu M, Wang S, Liu M, Zhao Y, Sun Z. STAT1 expression and HPV16 viral load predict cervical lesion progression. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:28. [PMID: 32774501 PMCID: PMC7405543 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. It is important to explore these mechanisms in order to identify novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The present study determined the association between STAT1 and human papillomavirus (HPV)16 in cervical lesions. STAT1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative PCR was used to detect HPV16 viral load and STAT1 expression in cervical lesions. The potential associations among STAT1 expression, HPV16 viral load and the severity of cervical lesions in patients were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to analyze STAT1 expression and survival. High STAT1 expression was observed in 10.71 (3/28), 41.18 (14/34), 53.06 (26/49) and 90.00% (27/30) of normal tissue, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma samples, respectively. The HPV16 copy number gradually increased with the progression of cervical lesions, with the highest copy number observed in cervical cancer samples. In addition, STAT1 expression was positively correlated with HPV16 viral load. Furthermore, ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the combination of STAT1 expression and HPV16 viral load was able to differentiate between LSIL/HSIL and cervical cancer samples. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that STAT1 expression was associated with improved survival in cervical cancer. Additionally, STAT1 expression was positively associated with the progression of cervical lesions, and HPV16 viral load may affect STAT1 expression. Overall, these findings indicate that STAT1 may be an indicator of the status of cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Wu
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Lu
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyi Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Changwan Cui
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Medical Examination Center, Shenyang Red Cross Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110013, P.R. China
| | - Zhengrong Sun
- Department of Biobank, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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28
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Liu S, Imani S, Deng Y, Pathak JL, Wen Q, Chen Y, Wu J. Targeting IFN/STAT1 Pathway as a Promising Strategy to Overcome Radioresistance. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6037-6050. [PMID: 32606809 PMCID: PMC7321691 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s256708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN)-mediated activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling is crucial for cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Several preclinical studies have reported that the IFN/STAT1 pathway mediates radioresistance in the tumor microenvironment by shielding the immune responses and activating survival signaling pathways. This review focuses on the oncogenic function of the IFN/STAT1 pathway, emphasizing the major signaling pathway in radiation sensitization. Furthermore, it highlights the possibility of mediatory roles of the IFN/STAT1 pathway as a prognostic therapeutic target in the modulation of resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. MicroRNA involved in the regulation of the IFN/STAT1 pathway is also discussed. A better understanding of radiation-induced IFN/STAT1 signaling will open new opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies, as well as define new approaches to enhance radio-immunotherapy efficacy in the treatment of various types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Saber Imani
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Youcai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
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29
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Jin S, Yang Z, Hao X, Tang W, Ma W, Zong H. Roles of HMGB1 in regulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Biomark Res 2020; 8:21. [PMID: 32551121 PMCID: PMC7298841 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are notable contributors to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and are closely associated with tumor progression; in addition, MDSCs are present in most patients with cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate MDSCs in the etiopathogenesis of human tumor immunity remain unclear. The secreted alarmin high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a proinflammatory factor and inducer of many inflammatory molecules during MDSC development. In this review, we detail the currently reported characteristics of MDSCs in tumor immune escape and the regulatory role of secreted HMGB1 in MDSC differentiation, proliferation, activity and survival. Notably, different posttranslational modifications of HMGB1 may have various effects on MDSCs, and these effects need further identification. Moreover, exosome-derived HMGB1 is speculated to exert a regulatory effect on MDSCs, but no report has confirmed this hypothesis. Therefore, the effects of HMGB1 on MDSCs need more research attention, and additional investigations should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiling Jin
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China.,Academy of medical science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Xin Hao
- Henan college of Health Cadres, Zhengzhou, 450008 Henan China
| | - Wenxue Tang
- Departments of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan China.,Center for Precision Medicine of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, NO.40 North Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Wang Ma
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Hong Zong
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, NO.1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
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30
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Zhao L, Li X, Su J, Wang Gong F, Lu J, Wei Y. STAT1 determines aggressiveness of glioblastoma both in vivo and in vitro through wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:630-641. [PMID: 32390230 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most malignant tumors and causes the high mortality in cancer patients. Currently, there is no highly efficient therapy against glioblastoma. Therefore, searching for a new molecular target to anti-glioblastoma therapy is urgent and necessary. In this study, we elucidated the role of Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in proliferation, migration and apoptosis of glioblastoma cells. We found that STAT1 downregulation could weaken the aggressiveness of glioblastoma cells. Besides, the glioblastoma growth in vivo was also inhibited with the STAT1 downregulation by shRNA as well as by pharmacological stimulation withSTAT1inhibitors. This negative regulation of tumor growth was accompanied by the inhibition in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas the STAT1 overexpression promoted EMT. Furthermore, the involvement of wnt/β-catenin was observed in STAT1 downregulation mediated weakness in glioblastoma aggressiveness since application of activator wnt agonist 1 could counteract the inhibitory effect induced by STAT1 downregulation. Collectively, this work provided the evidence to support the conclusion that STAT1 can regulate the glioblastoma growth and migration, potentially serving as a therapeutic target against glioblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Glioblastoma is one of the most malignant tumors with very high mortality. Until now, there is no efficient therapy against glioblastoma. In this study, we found downregulation of Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) could weaken the aggressiveness of glioblastoma cells through inhibition in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, mediated through wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Thus, this work supported the regulatory role of STAT1 in glioblastoma growth and migration. This potentially serves as a new therapeutic target against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangquan Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fenfei Wang Gong
- Department of NeuroIogy, The Xinhua Hospital of Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Ili, Xinjiang, China
| | - Junjie Lu
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuzhen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiming No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
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31
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Sivagnanalingam U, Beatty PL, Finn OJ. Myeloid derived suppressor cells in cancer, premalignancy and inflammation: A roadmap to cancer immunoprevention. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:852-861. [PMID: 32333615 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate success of any form of cancer therapy or cancer prevention depends on its ability to engage the power of the immune system to completely eliminate a growing tumor, lower the life-time tumor risk and establish long-term memory to prevent recurrence or future tumors. For that reason, all therapies but especially immunotherapies depend on the immune health (immunocompetence) of each treated individual. Cancer and chronic illnesses, combined with a usually more advanced age of cancer patients or those at risk for cancer are known to severely suppress multiple antitumor functions of the immune system. Understanding the critical mechanisms controlling and mediating immune suppression can lead to additional therapies to alleviate the effects of those mechanisms and improve the outcome of cancer therapy and prevention. We introduce and review here a highly immunosuppressive cell population found in cancer, precancer, and chronic inflammatory diseases, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). First described in the setting of advanced cancer, their presence and immunosuppressive activity has been seen more recently in early premalignant lesions and in chronic inflammatory diseases leading to cancer. We describe the detrimental effects of their presence on cancer immunotherapy, immunosurveillance and immunoprevention and review early attempts to develop drugs to eliminate them or reduce their negative impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umayal Sivagnanalingam
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pamela L Beatty
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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32
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Wang Y, Jia A, Bi Y, Wang Y, Liu G. Metabolic Regulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Function in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041011. [PMID: 32325683 PMCID: PMC7226088 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of immunosuppressive cells that play crucial roles in promoting tumor growth and protecting tumors from immune recognition in tumor-bearing mice and cancer patients. Recently, it has been shown that the metabolic activity of MDSCs plays an important role in the regulation of their inhibitory function, especially in the processes of tumor occurrence and development. The MDSC metabolism, such as glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation and amino acid metabolism, is rewired in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which enhances the immunosuppressive activity, resulting in effector T cell apoptosis and suppressive cell proliferation. Herein, we summarized the recent progress in the metabolic reprogramming and immunosuppressive function of MDSCs during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.W.); (A.J.); (Y.W.)
| | - Anna Jia
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.W.); (A.J.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yujing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China;
| | - Yuexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.W.); (A.J.); (Y.W.)
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.W.); (A.J.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-58800026
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Tanaka A, Zhou Y, Ogawa M, Shia J, Klimstra DS, Wang JY, Roehrl MH. STAT1 as a potential prognosis marker for poor outcomes of early stage colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229252. [PMID: 32275681 PMCID: PMC7147729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomic analyses indicate that STAT1 protein (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 or transcription factor ISGF-3 components p91/p84) is upregulated in some colorectal cancers. This study examined 736 colorectal cancer patients for the expression of STAT1 protein in tissue specimens, including 614 early stage patients and 122 advanced stage patients. Tissue microarrays were constructed, and STAT1 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and scored semi-quantitatively. Among all cases, 9% of cases displayed high levels of cytoplasmic expression of STAT1 and 15% of cases had positive nuclear expression. Based on statistical analyses of a cohort of 559 early stage patients with survival data and no neoadjuvant therapy, we found that high levels of cytoplasmic expression of STAT1 correlated with shorter survival time in early stage colorectal cancer, particularly of the microsatellite instability (MSI) subtype. Additional analysis of a 244-case cohort of colorectal cancers from the Cancer Genome Atlas found that STAT1 gene expression correlated positively with PD-L1 (CD274) and PD-1 (PDCD1) but had no correlation with KRAS or BRAF mutation status. STAT1 expression showed no clear correlation with any of the 4 clinical diagnostic markers of mismatch repair, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2, suggesting its potential as an independent outcome marker for MSI cancers. Our findings suggest that STAT1 may be used as a potential prognostic protein marker for stratifying the outcome risk of early stage MSI colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Yihua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- ICU Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Makiko Ogawa
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jinru Shia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - David S. Klimstra
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Michael H. Roehrl
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Huang P, Liao R, Chen X, Wu X, Li X, Wang Y, Cao Q, Dong C. Nuclear translocation of PLSCR1 activates STAT1 signaling in basal-like breast cancer. Theranostics 2020; 10:4644-4658. [PMID: 32292520 PMCID: PMC7150476 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is associated with high grade, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis; however, the mechanism underlying aggressiveness of BLBC is still unclear. Emerging evidence has suggested that phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) is involved in tumor progression. Here, we aimed to study the possible involvement and molecular mechanisms of PLSCR1 contributing to the aggressive behavior of BLBC. Methods: The potential functions of PLSCR1 in breast cancer cells were assessed by Western blotting, colony formation, migration and invasion, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, mammosphere formation and flow cytometry. The relationship between nuclear translocation of PLSCR1 and transactivation of STAT1 was examined by immunostaining, co-IP, ChIP, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The effect of PLSCR1 expression on BLBC cells was determined by in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis and a lung metastasis mouse model. Results: Compared to other subtypes, PLSCR1 was considerably increased in BLBC. Phosphorylation of PLSCR1 at Tyr 69/74 contributed to the nuclear translocation of this protein. PLSCR1 was enriched in the promoter region of STAT1 and enhanced STAT3 binding to the STAT1 promoter, resulting in transactivation of STAT1; STAT1 then enhanced cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties that promoted BLBC progression. The knockdown of PLSCR1 led to significant inhibitory effects on proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor growth and lung metastasis of BLBC cells. Clinically, high PLSCR1 expression was strongly correlated with large tumor size, high grade, metastasis, chemotherapy resistance, and poor survival, indicating poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Conclusions: Our data show that overexpression and nuclear translocation of PLSCR1 provide tumorigenic and metastatic advantages by activating STAT1 signaling in BLBC. This study not only reveals a critical mechanism of how PLSCR1 contributes to BLBC progression, but also suggests potential prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets for this challenging disease.
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The mechanism of how CD95/Fas activates the Type I IFN/STAT1 axis, driving cancer stemness in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1310. [PMID: 31992798 PMCID: PMC6987111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CD95/Fas is an apoptosis inducing death receptor. However, it also has multiple nonapoptotic activities that are tumorigenic. Chronic stimulation of CD95 on breast cancer cells can increase their cancer initiating capacity through activation of a type I interferon (IFN-I)/STAT1 pathway when caspases are inhibited. We now show that this activity relies on the canonical components of the CD95 death-inducing signaling complex, FADD and caspase-8, and on the activation of NF-κB. We identified caspase-2 as the antagonistic caspase that downregulates IFN-I production. Once produced, IFN-Is bind to their receptors activating both STAT1 and STAT2 resulting in upregulation of the double stranded (ds)RNA sensor proteins RIG-I and MDA5, and a release of a subset of endogenous retroviruses. Thus, CD95 is part of a complex cell autonomous regulatory network that involves activation of innate immune components that drive cancer stemness and contribute to therapy resistance.
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Ferluga S, Baiz D, Hilton DA, Adams CL, Ercolano E, Dunn J, Bassiri K, Kurian KM, Hanemann CO. Constitutive activation of the EGFR-STAT1 axis increases proliferation of meningioma tumor cells. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa008. [PMID: 32642677 PMCID: PMC7212880 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Meningiomas are the most frequent primary brain tumors of the central nervous system. The standard of treatment is surgery and radiotherapy, but effective pharmacological options are not available yet. The well-characterized genetic background stratifies these tumors in several subgroups, thus increasing diversification. We identified epidermal growth factor receptor–signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (EGFR–STAT1) overexpression and activation as a common identifier of these tumors. Methods We analyzed STAT1 overexpression and phosphorylation in 131 meningiomas of different grades and locations by utilizing several techniques, including Western blots, qPCR, and immunocytochemistry. We also silenced and overexpressed wild-type and mutant forms of the gene to assess its biological function and its network. Results were further validated by drug testing. Results STAT1 was found widely overexpressed in meningioma but not in the corresponding healthy controls. The protein showed constitutive phosphorylation not dependent on the JAK–STAT pathway. STAT1 knockdown resulted in a significant reduction of cellular proliferation and deactivation of AKT and ERK1/2. STAT1 is known to be activated by EGFR, so we investigated the tyrosine kinase and found that EGFR was also constitutively phosphorylated in meningioma and was responsible for the aberrant phosphorylation of STAT1. The pharmaceutical inhibition of EGFR caused a significant reduction in cellular proliferation and of overall levels of cyclin D1, pAKT, and pERK1/2. Conclusions STAT1–EGFR-dependent constitutive phosphorylation is responsible for a positive feedback loop that causes its own overexpression and consequently an increased proliferation of the tumor cells. These findings provide the rationale for further studies aiming to identify effective therapeutic options in meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferluga
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Daniele Baiz
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - David A Hilton
- Cellular and Anatomical Pathology, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Claire L Adams
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Emanuela Ercolano
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Jemma Dunn
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Kayleigh Bassiri
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- Department of Neuropathology, Pathology Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Clemens O Hanemann
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Roles of TrkC Signaling in the Regulation of Tumorigenicity and Metastasis of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010147. [PMID: 31936239 PMCID: PMC7016819 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) C contributes to the clinicopathology of a variety of human cancers, and new chimeric oncoproteins containing the tyrosine kinase domain of TrkC occur after fusion to the partner genes. Overexpression of TrkC and TrkC fusion proteins was observed in patients with a variety of cancers, including mesenchymal, hematopoietic, and those of epithelial cell lineage. Both microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were involved in the regulation of TrkC expression through transcriptional and posttranscriptional alteration. Aberrant activation of TrkC and TrkC fusion proteins markedly induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, growth rate, tumorigenic capacity via constitutive activation of Ras-MAP kinase (MAPK), PI3K-AKT, and the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. The clinical trial of TrkC or TrkC fusion-positive cancers with newly developed Trk inhibitors demonstrated that Trk inhibitors were highly effective in inducing tumor regression in patients who do not harbor mutations in the kinase domain. Recently, there has been a progressive accumulation of mutations in TrkC or the TrkC fusion protein detected in the clinic and its related cancer cell lines caused by high-throughput DNA sequencing. Despite given the high overall response rate against Trk or Trk fusion proteins-positive solid tumors, acquired drug resistance was observed in patients with various cancers caused by mutations in the Trk kinase domain. To overcome acquired resistance caused by kinase domain mutation, next-generation Trk inhibitors have been developed, and these inhibitors are currently under investigation in clinical trials.
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TopControl: A Tool to Prioritize Candidate Disease-associated Genes based on Topological Network Features. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19472. [PMID: 31857653 PMCID: PMC6923402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Putative disease-associated genes are often identified among those genes that are differentially expressed in disease and in normal conditions. This strategy typically yields thousands of genes. Gene prioritizing schemes boost the power of identifying the most promising disease-associated genes among such a set of candidates. We introduce here a novel system for prioritizing genes where a TF-miRNA co-regulatory network is constructed for the set of genes, while the ranks of the candidates are determined by topological and biological factors. For datasets on breast invasive carcinoma and liver hepatocellular carcinoma this novel prioritization technique identified a significant portion of known disease-associated genes and suggested new candidates which can be investigated later as putative disease-associated genes.
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Owen KL, Brockwell NK, Parker BS. JAK-STAT Signaling: A Double-Edged Sword of Immune Regulation and Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E2002. [PMID: 31842362 PMCID: PMC6966445 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling mediates almost all immune regulatory processes, including those that are involved in tumor cell recognition and tumor-driven immune escape. Antitumor immune responses are largely driven by STAT1 and STAT2 induction of type I and II interferons (IFNs) and the downstream programs IFNs potentiate. Conversely, STAT3 has been widely linked to cancer cell survival, immunosuppression, and sustained inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. The discovery of JAK-STAT cross-regulatory mechanisms, post-translational control, and non-canonical signal transduction has added a new level of complexity to JAK-STAT governance over tumor initiation and progression. Endeavors to better understand the vast effects of JAK-STAT signaling on antitumor immunity have unearthed a wide range of targets, including oncogenes, miRNAs, and other co-regulatory factors, which direct specific phenotypical outcomes subsequent to JAK-STAT stimulation. Yet, the rapidly expanding field of therapeutic developments aimed to resolve JAK-STAT aberrations commonly reported in a multitude of cancers has been marred by off-target effects. Here, we discuss JAK-STAT biology in the context of immunity and cancer, the consequences of pathway perturbations and current therapeutic interventions, to provide insight and consideration for future targeting innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Owen
- Cancer Immunology and Therapeutics Programs, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Natasha K. Brockwell
- Cancer Immunology and Therapeutics Programs, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Belinda S. Parker
- Cancer Immunology and Therapeutics Programs, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Parkville 3052, Australia
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Guo-Wei H, Chun-Quan L, Lian-Di L, Ji-Wei J, Lin L, Ji-Yu D, Jin-Cheng G, En-Min L, Li-Yan X. LncRNA625 inhibits STAT1-mediated transactivation potential in esophageal cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 117:105626. [PMID: 31605752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-mediated transactivation potential is inhibited in cancer cells, the mechanism is poorly understood. In the present study, we implicated long non-coding RNA lncRNA625 in the inhibition of STAT1 activity. LncRNA625 knockdown up-regulated STAT1-mediated transcription and resulted in an increase of STAT1-mediated expression of IFITM2. Conversely, lncRNA625 upregulation inhibited STAT1 reporter activity. Mechanistically, lncRNA625 inhibited STAT1 binding to the promoter of IFITM2 in both untreated cells and following interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) stimulation. LncRNA625 interacted with the DNA-binding (DB) domain of STAT1 and promoted STAT1 interaction with T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase TC45 to dephosphorylate pSTAT1. Taken together, the results show that lncRNA625 inhibits STAT1-mediated transactivation potential by causing formation of STAT1-TC45 complexes, resulting in STAT1 dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Guo-Wei
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China
| | - Li Chun-Quan
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Liao Lian-Di
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China
| | - Jiao Ji-Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China
| | - Long Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China
| | - Ding Ji-Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China
| | - Guo Jin-Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China
| | - Li En-Min
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China.
| | - Xu Li-Yan
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, PR China.
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Leal AS, Zydeck K, Carapellucci S, Reich LA, Zhang D, Moerland JA, Sporn MB, Liby KT. Retinoid X receptor agonist LG100268 modulates the immune microenvironment in preclinical breast cancer models. NPJ Breast Cancer 2019; 5:39. [PMID: 31700995 PMCID: PMC6825145 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-019-0135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous therapeutic advances in the past decade, breast cancer is expected to cause over 42,000 deaths in the United States in 2019. Breast cancer had been considered an immunologically silent tumor; however recent findings suggest that immune cells play important roles in tumor growth even in the breast. Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are a subclass of nuclear receptors that act as ligand-dependent transcription factors that regulate a variety of cellular processes including proliferation and differentiation; in addition, they are essential for macrophage biology. Rexinoids are synthetic molecules that bind and activate RXRs. Bexarotene is the only rexinoid approved by the FDA for the treatment of refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Other more-potent rexinoids have been synthesized, such as LG100268 (LG268). Here, we report that treatment with LG 268, but not bexarotene, decreased infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and CD206-expressing macrophages, increased the expression of PD-L1 by 50%, and increased the ratio of CD8/CD4, CD25 T cells, which correlates with increased cytotoxic activity of CD8 T cells in tumors of MMTV-Neu mice (a model of HER2-positive breast cancer). In the MMTV-PyMT murine model of triple negative breast cancer, LG268 treatment of established tumors prolonged survival, and in combination with anti-PD-L1 antibodies, significantly (p = 0.05) increased the infiltration of cytotoxic CD8 T cells and apoptosis. Collectively, these data suggest that the use of LG268, a RXR agonist, can improve response to immune checkpoint blockade in HER2+ or triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. Leal
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Kayla Zydeck
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Sarah Carapellucci
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Lyndsey A. Reich
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Jessica A. Moerland
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Michael B. Sporn
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Dartmouth/Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Karen T. Liby
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
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Lima JDCC, Simoes E, de Castro G, Morais MRPT, de Matos-Neto EM, Alves MJ, Pinto NI, Figueredo RG, Zorn TMT, Felipe-Silva AS, Tokeshi F, Otoch JP, Alcantara P, Cabral FJ, Ferro ES, Laviano A, Seelaender M. Tumour-derived transforming growth factor-β signalling contributes to fibrosis in patients with cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:1045-1059. [PMID: 31273954 PMCID: PMC6818454 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is a paraneoplastic syndrome related with poor prognosis. The tumour micro-environment contributes to systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress as well as to fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to characterise the inflammatory circulating factors and tumour micro-environment profile, as potentially contributing to tumour fibrosis in cachectic cancer patients. METHODS 74 patients (weight stable cancer n = 31; cachectic cancer n = 43) diagnosed with colorectal cancer were recruited, and tumour biopsies were collected during surgery. Multiplex assay was performed to study inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Immunohistochemistry analysis was carried out to study extracellular matrix components. RESULTS Higher protein expression of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors such as epidermal growth factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-α, and interleukin (IL)-8 was observed in the tumour and serum of cachectic cancer patients in comparison with weight-stable counterparts. Also, IL-8 was positively correlated with weight loss in cachectic patients (P = 0.04; r = 0.627). Immunohistochemistry staining showed intense collagen deposition (P = 0.0006) and increased presence of α-smooth muscle actin (P < 0.0001) in tumours of cachectic cancer patients, characterizing fibrosis. In addition, higher transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 expression (P = 0.003, P = 0.05, and P = 0.047, respectively) was found in the tumour of cachectic patients, parallel to p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase alteration. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α mRNA content was significantly increased in the tumour of cachectic patients, when compared with weight-stable group (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate TGF-β pathway activation in the tumour in cachexia, through the (non-canonical) mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. The results show that during cachexia, intratumoural inflammatory response contributes to the onset of fibrosis. Tumour remodelling, probably by TGF-β-induced transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, induces unbalanced inflammatory cytokine profile, angiogenesis, and elevation of extracellular matrix components (EMC). We speculate that these changes may affect tumour aggressiveness and present consequences in peripheral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna D C C Lima
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estefania Simoes
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Castro
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mychel Raony P T Morais
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Michele J Alves
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nelson I Pinto
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel G Figueredo
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Telma M T Zorn
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flavio Tokeshi
- Department of Clinical Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José P Otoch
- Department of Clinical Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Alcantara
- Department of Clinical Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Emer S Ferro
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Laviano
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilia Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ji D, Feng Y, Peng W, Li J, Gu Q, Zhang Z, Qian W, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Sun Y. NMI promotes cell proliferation through TGFβ/Smad pathway by upregulating STAT1 in colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:429-441. [PMID: 31230364 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Ji
- The First College of Clinical Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing P.R. China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Yifei Feng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Wen Peng
- The First College of Clinical Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing P.R. China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- The First College of Clinical Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing P.R. China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Qi’ou Gu
- The First College of Clinical Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing P.R. China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- The First College of Clinical Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing P.R. China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Wenwei Qian
- The First College of Clinical Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing P.R. China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- The First College of Clinical Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing P.R. China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Yueming Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing P.R. China
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TP53 Mutations Promote Immunogenic Activity in Breast Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5952836. [PMID: 31275382 PMCID: PMC6582869 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5952836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Although immunotherapy has recently achieved clinical successes in a variety of cancers, thus far there is no immunotherapeutic strategy for breast cancer (BC). Thus, it is important to discover biomarkers for identifying BC patients responsive to immunotherapy. TP53 mutations were often associated with worse clinical outcomes in BC whose triple-negative subtype has a high TP53 mutation rate (approximately 80%). To explore a potentially promising therapeutic option for the TP53-mutated BC subtype, we studied the association between TP53 mutations and immunogenic activity in BC. Methods We compared the enrichment levels of 26 immune signatures that indicated activities of diverse immune cells, functions, and pathways between TP53-mutated and TP53-wildtype BCs based on two large-scale BC multiomics datasets. Moreover, we explored the molecular cues associated with the differences in immunogenic activity between TP53-mutated and TP53-wildtype BCs. Furthermore, we performed experimental validation of the findings from bioinformatics analysis. Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that almost all analyzed immune signatures showed significantly higher enrichment levels in TP53-mutated BCs than in TP53-wildtype BCs. Moreover, in vitro experiments confirmed that mutant p53 could increase BC immunogenicity. Both computational and experimental results demonstrated that TP53 mutations could promote BC immunogenicity via regulation of the p53-mediated pathways including cell cycle, apoptosis, Wnt, Jak-STAT, NOD-like receptor, and glycolysis. Furthermore, we found that elevated immune activity was likely associated with a better survival prognosis in TP53-mutated BCs, but not necessarily in TP53-wildtype BCs. Conclusions TP53 mutations may promote immunogenic activity in BC, suggesting that the TP53 mutation status could be a useful biomarker for stratifying BC patients responsive to immunotherapy.
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Sharma J, Larkin J. Therapeutic Implication of SOCS1 Modulation in the Treatment of Autoimmunity and Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:324. [PMID: 31105556 PMCID: PMC6499178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of intracellular proteins has a vital role in the regulation of the immune system and resolution of inflammatory cascades. SOCS1, also called STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI) or JAK-binding protein (JAB), is a member of the SOCS family with actions ranging from immune modulation to cell cycle regulation. Knockout of SOCS1 leads to perinatal lethality in mice and increased vulnerability to cancer, while several SNPs associated with the SOCS1 gene have been implicated in human inflammation-mediated diseases. In this review, we describe the mechanism of action of SOCS1 and its potential therapeutic role in the prevention and treatment of autoimmunity and cancer. We also provide a brief outline of the other JAK inhibitors, both FDA-approved and under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joseph Larkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Prutsch N, Gurnhofer E, Suske T, Liang HC, Schlederer M, Roos S, Wu LC, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Alvarez-Hernandez A, Kornauth C, Leone DA, Svinka J, Eferl R, Limberger T, Aufinger A, Shirsath N, Wolf P, Hielscher T, Sternberg C, Aberger F, Schmoellerl J, Stoiber D, Strobl B, Jäger U, Staber PB, Grebien F, Moriggl R, Müller M, Inghirami GG, Sanda T, Look AT, Turner SD, Kenner L, Merkel O. Dependency on the TYK2/STAT1/MCL1 axis in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2019; 33:696-709. [PMID: 30131584 PMCID: PMC8076043 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
TYK2 is a member of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases that is involved in chromosomal translocation-induced fusion proteins found in anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL) that lack rearrangements activating the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Here we demonstrate that TYK2 is highly expressed in all cases of human ALCL, and that in a mouse model of NPM-ALK-induced lymphoma, genetic disruption of Tyk2 delays the onset of tumors and prolongs survival of the mice. Lymphomas in this model lacking Tyk2 have reduced STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation and reduced expression of Mcl1, a pro-survival member of the BCL2 family. These findings in mice are mirrored in human ALCL cell lines, in which TYK2 is activated by autocrine production of IL-10 and IL-22 and by interaction with specific receptors expressed by the cells. Activated TYK2 leads to STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation, activated expression of MCL1 and aberrant ALCL cell survival. Moreover, TYK2 inhibitors are able to induce apoptosis in ALCL cells, regardless of the presence or absence of an ALK-fusion. Thus, TYK2 is a dependency that is required for ALCL cell survival through activation of MCL1 expression. TYK2 represents an attractive drug target due to its essential enzymatic domain, and TYK2-specific inhibitors show promise as novel targeted inhibitors for ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Prutsch
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gurnhofer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Suske
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Huan Chang Liang
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Roos
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lawren C Wu
- Department of Oncology, Amgen Discovery Research, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Christoph Kornauth
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dario A Leone
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Limberger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Aufinger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nitesh Shirsath
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Sternberg
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Jäger
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp B Staber
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Grebien
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgio G Inghirami
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NYC, USA
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Vienna, Austria
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Vienna, Austria
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria.
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Vienna, Austria.
- CBMed Core Lab2, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Olaf Merkel
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Vienna, Austria.
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Yu N, Xue M, Wang W, Xia D, Li Y, Zhou X, Pang D, Lu K, Hou J, Zhang A, Zhuang T, Wang L, Chang T, Li X. RNF168 facilitates proliferation and invasion of esophageal carcinoma, possibly via stabilizing STAT1. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1553-1561. [PMID: 30506884 PMCID: PMC6349343 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer ranks as one of the most common malignancy in China and worldwide. Although genome‐wide association studies and molecular biology studies aim to elucidate the driver molecules in oesophageal cancer progression, the detailed mechanisms remain to be identified. Interestingly, RNF168 (RING finger protein 168) shows a high frequency of gene amplification in oesophageal cancer from TCGA database. Here, we report an important function for RNF168 protein in supporting oesophageal cancer growth and invasion by stabilizing STAT1 protein. RNF168 gene is amplified in oesophageal cancer samples, which tends to correlate with poor prognosis. Depletion RNF168 causes decreased cell proliferation and invasion in oesophageal cancer cells. Through unbiased RNA sequencing in RNF168 depleted oesophageal cancer cell, we identifies JAK‐STAT pathway is dramatically decreased. Depletion RNF168 reduced JAK‐STAT target genes, such as IRF1, IRF9 and IFITM1. Immuno‐precipitation reveals that RNF168 associates with STAT1 in the nucleus, stabilizing STAT1 protein and inhibiting its poly‐ubiquitination and degradation. Our study provides a novel mechanism that RNF168 promoting JAK‐STAT signalling in supporting oesophageal cancer progression. It could be a promising strategy to target RNF168 for oesophageal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Center for Cancer Research, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory for Molecular Therapy of Cancer, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy (ILMT), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Min Xue
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Weilong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Center for Cancer Research, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory for Molecular Therapy of Cancer, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy (ILMT), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Dongxue Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Center for Cancer Research, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory for Molecular Therapy of Cancer, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy (ILMT), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Center for Cancer Research, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory for Molecular Therapy of Cancer, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy (ILMT), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Center for Cancer Research, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory for Molecular Therapy of Cancer, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy (ILMT), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Dan Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Center for Cancer Research, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory for Molecular Therapy of Cancer, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy (ILMT), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Kui Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Center for Cancer Research, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory for Molecular Therapy of Cancer, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy (ILMT), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jinghan Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Center for Cancer Research, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory for Molecular Therapy of Cancer, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy (ILMT), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Aijia Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Center for Cancer Research, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory for Molecular Therapy of Cancer, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy (ILMT), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhuang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Lidong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Tingmin Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xiumin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Center for Cancer Research, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory for Molecular Therapy of Cancer, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.,Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy (ILMT), Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, P.R. China
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48
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Neto NIP, Murari ASDP, Oyama LM, Otoch JP, Alcântara PSM, Tokeshi F, Figuerêdo RG, Alves MJ, Lima JDCC, Matos-Neto EMD, Seelaender M, Oller do Nascimento CM. Peritumoural adipose tissue pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with tumoural growth factors in cancer cachexia patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:1101-1108. [PMID: 30284380 PMCID: PMC6240753 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial syndrome, often irreversible, that affects patients with cancer influenced, in part, by the inflammatory condition. Peritumoural adipose tissue produces adipokines and angiogenic, apoptotic, and growth factors; given the possible crosstalk between the peritumoural adipose tissue and tumour, these may play an important role in cancer biology and carcinogenesis. METHODS The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors produced by peritumoural adipose tissue in a cohort of 16 colorectal cancer patients with either weight-stable cancer (WSC; n = 7) or CC (n = 9). The study was approved by the Ethics Research Committee (972.914). Samples of peritumoural adipose tissue were analysed for concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, STAT-1, STAT-3, RANTES, IL-1Ra, IP-10, IL-15, MCP-1, IFN-α, GCSF, FADD, and TGF-β. The cytokines and proteins were measured using Multiplex. Correlations between the proteins and cytokines were evaluated. RESULTS TNF-α, STAT-1, and FADD, a factor involved in apoptosis, were significantly higher in CC group than in the WSC group. In the peritumoural adipose tissue of the CC group, RANTES showed a significant positive correlation with IL-1Ra and IP-10 and a negative correlation with IFN-α; and GCSF showed significant negative correlations with IL-1Ra, IP-10, IL-15, and MCP-1 and a positive correlation with IFN-α. In the peritumoural adipose tissue of the WSC group, no significant correlations were detected between RANTES, GCSF, IL-3, FADD, and STAT-1 and the cytokines/chemokines analysed. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that inflammatory and tumorigenic pathways were altered in peritumoural adipose tissue in CC. Furthermore, inflammatory cytokines were correlated with growth factors in the peritumoural adipose tissue of cachectic patients, suggesting that inflammatory cytokines modulated the proliferative environment closely linked to the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Inácio Pinto Neto
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Pinhata Otoch
- Department of Clinical Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flavio Tokeshi
- Department of Clinical Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Galvão Figuerêdo
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michele Joana Alves
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marilia Seelaender
- Department of Clinical Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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49
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Kaltenecker D, Themanns M, Mueller KM, Spirk K, Golob-Schwarzl N, Friedbichler K, Kenner L, Haybaeck J, Moriggl R. STAT5 deficiency in hepatocytes reduces diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumorigenesis in mice. Cytokine 2018; 124:154573. [PMID: 30377054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma are closely linked and pose a major medical challenge as treatment options are limited. Animal studies have shown that genetic deletion of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5 in liver is associated with higher susceptibility to fatty liver disease, fibrosis and cancer, indicating a protective role of hepatic STAT5 in mouse models of chronic liver disease. To investigate the role of STAT5 in the etiology of liver cancer in more detail, we applied the chemical carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to mice harboring a hepatocyte-specific deletion of Stat5 (S5KO). At 8 months after DEN injections, tumor formation in S5KO was significantly reduced. This was associated with diminished tumor frequency and less aggressive liver cancer progression. Apoptosis and inflammation markers were not changed in S5KO livers suggesting that the reduced tumor burden was not due to impaired inflammatory response. Despite reduced mRNA expression of the DEN bio-activator cytochrome P450 2e1 (Cyp2e1) in S5KO livers, protein levels were similar. Yet, delayed tumor formation in S5KO mice coincided with decreased activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK). Taken together, while STAT5 has a protective role in fatty liver-associated liver cancer, it exerts oncogenic functions in DEN-induced liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Kaltenecker
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Madeleine Themanns
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina M Mueller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Spirk
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Golob-Schwarzl
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria; Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria; Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; CBMed Core Lab2, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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50
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Zhang Y, Bush X, Yan B, Chen JA. Gemcitabine nanoparticles promote antitumor immunity against melanoma. Biomaterials 2018; 189:48-59. [PMID: 30388589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) promote tumor-mediated immunosuppression and cancer progression. Gemcitabine (Gem) is a MDSC-depleting chemotherapeutic agent; however, its clinical use is hampered by its drug resistance and inefficient in vivo delivery. Here we describe a strategy to formulate a Gem analogue gemcitabine monophosphate (GMP) into a lipid-coated calcium phosphate (LCP) nanoparticle, and investigate its antitumor immunity and therapeutic effects after systemic administrations. In the syngeneic mouse model of B16F10 melanoma, compared with free Gem, the LCP-formulated GMP (LCP-GMP) significantly induced apoptosis and reduced immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). LCP-GMP effectively depleted MDSCs and regulatory T cells, and skewed macrophage polarization towards the antitumor M1 phenotype in the TME, leading to enhanced CD8+ T-cell immune response and profound tumor growth inhibition. Thus, engineering the in vivo delivery of MDSC-depleting agents using nanotechnology could substantially modulate immunosuppressive TME and boost T-cell immune response for enhanced antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Xin Bush
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Bingfang Yan
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Justin A Chen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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