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Hu Y, Du Y, Qiu Z, Bai P, Bai Z, Zhu C, Wang J, Liang T, Da M. Construction of a Cuproptosis-Related Gene Signature for Predicting Prognosis in Gastric Cancer. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:40-58. [PMID: 37243753 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and validate a cuproptosis-related gene signature for the prognosis of gastric cancer. The data in TCGA GC TPM format from UCSC were extracted for analysis, and GC samples were randomly divided into training and validation groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to obtain cuproptosis-related genes co-expressed with 19 Cuproptosis genes. Univariate Cox and Lasso regression analyses were used to obtain cuproptosis-related prognostic genes. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to construct the final prognostic risk model. The risk score curve, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and ROC curve were used to evaluate the predictive ability of Cox risk model. Finally, the functional annotation of the risk model was obtained through enrichment analysis. Then, a six-gene signature was identified in the training cohort and verified among all cohorts using Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier plots, demonstrating its independent prognostic significance for gastric cancer. In addition, ROC analysis confirmed the significant predictive potential of this signature for the prognosis of gastric cancer. Functional enrichment analysis was mainly related to cell-matrix function. Therefore, a new cuproptosis-related six-gene signature (ACLY, FGD6, SERPINE1, SPATA13, RANGAP1, and ADGRE5) was constructed for the prognosis of gastric cancer, allowing for tailored prediction of outcome and the formulation of novel therapeutics for gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Hu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Du
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhisheng Qiu
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengwei Bai
- Clinical Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhaozhao Bai
- Clinical Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chenglou Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junhong Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tong Liang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingxu Da
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
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2
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Yerramilli VS, Ross AH, Scarlata S, Gericke A. IQGAP1 scaffolding links phosphoinositide kinases to cytoskeletal reorganization. Biophys J 2022; 121:793-807. [PMID: 35077666 PMCID: PMC8943696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
IQGAP1 is a multidomain scaffold protein that coordinates the direction and impact of multiple signaling pathways by scaffolding its various binding partners. However, the spatial and temporal resolution of IQGAP1 scaffolding remains unclear. Here, we use fluorescence imaging and correlation methods that allow for real-time live-cell changes in IQGAP1 localization and complex formation during signaling. We find that IQGAP1 and PIPKIγ interact on both the plasma membrane and in cytosol. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, which can initiate cytoskeletal changes, drives the movement of the cytosolic pool toward the plasma membrane to promote cytoskeletal changes. We also observe that a significant population of cytosolic IQGAP1-PIPKIγ complexes localize to early endosomes, and in some instances form aggregated clusters which become highly mobile upon EGF stimulation. Our imaging studies show that PIPKIγ and PI3K bind simultaneously to IQGAP1, which may accelerate conversion of PI4P to PI(3,4,5)P3 that is required for cytoskeletal changes. Additionally, we find that IQGAP1 is responsible for PIPKIγ association with two proteins associated with cytoskeletal changes, talin and Cdc42, during EGF stimulation. These results directly show that IQGAP1 provides a physical link between phosphoinositides (through PIPKIγ), focal adhesion formation (through talin), and cytoskeletal reorganization (through Cdc42) upon EGF stimulation. Taken together, our results support the importance of IQGAP1 in regulating cell migration by linking phosphoinositide lipid signaling with cytoskeletal reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Siddartha Yerramilli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Alonzo H. Ross
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanne Scarlata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Arne Gericke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts.
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3
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Zhang YF, Li Q, Huang PQ, Su T, Jiang SH, Hu LP, Zhang XL, Sun Y, Pan H, Yang XM, Li J, Gai YZ, Zhu L, Yao LL, Li DX, Sun YW, Zhang ZG, Liu DJ, Zhang YL, Nie HZ. A low amino acid environment promotes cell macropinocytosis through the YY1-FGD6 axis in Ras-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:1203-1215. [PMID: 35082383 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), cancer with a high mortality rate and the highest rate of KRAS mutation, reportedly internalizes proteins via macropinocytosis to adapt to low amino acid levels in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we aimed to identify a key regulator of macropinocytosis for the survival of tumor cells in a low amino acid environment in PDAC. FYVE, RhoGEF, and PH domain-containing protein 6 (FGD6) were identified as key regulators of macropinocytosis. FGD6 promoted PDAC cell proliferation, macropinocytosis, and tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. The macropinocytosis level was decreased with FGD6 knockdown in PDAC cell lines. Moreover, FGD6 promoted macropinocytosis by participating in the trans-Golgi network and enhancing the membrane localization of growth factor receptors, especially the TGF-beta receptor. TGF-beta enhanced macropinocytosis in PDAC cells. Additionally, YAP nuclear translocation induced by a low amino acid tumor environment initiated FGD6 expression by coactivation with YY1. Clinical data analysis based on TCGA and GEO datasets showed that FGD6 expression was upregulated in PDAC tissue, and high FGD6 expression was correlated with poor prognosis in patients with PDAC. In tumor tissue from KrasG12D/+/Trp53R172H/-/Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice, FGD6 expression escalated during PDAC development. Our results uncover a previously unappreciated mechanism of macropinocytosis in PDAC. Strategies to target FGD6 and growth factors membrane localization might be developed for the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pei-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecology and Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shu-Heng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Li-Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xue-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan-Zhi Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lin-Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dong-Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong-Wei Sun
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - De-Jun Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yan-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Hui-Zhen Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Mortlock S, McKinnon B, Montgomery GW. Genetic Regulation of Transcription in the Endometrium in Health and Disease. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2022; 3:795464. [PMID: 36304015 PMCID: PMC9580733 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.795464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The endometrium is a complex and dynamic tissue essential for fertility and implicated in many reproductive disorders. The tissue consists of glandular epithelium and vascularised stroma and is unique because it is constantly shed and regrown with each menstrual cycle, generating up to 10 mm of new mucosa. Consequently, there are marked changes in cell composition and gene expression across the menstrual cycle. Recent evidence shows expression of many genes is influenced by genetic variation between individuals. We and others have reported evidence for genetic effects on hundreds of genes in endometrium. The genetic factors influencing endometrial gene expression are highly correlated with the genetic effects on expression in other reproductive (e.g., in uterus and ovary) and digestive tissues (e.g., salivary gland and stomach), supporting a shared genetic regulation of gene expression in biologically similar tissues. There is also increasing evidence for cell specific genetic effects for some genes. Sample size for studies in endometrium are modest and results from the larger studies of gene expression in blood report genetic effects for a much higher proportion of genes than currently reported for endometrium. There is also emerging evidence for the importance of genetic variation on RNA splicing. Gene mapping studies for common disease, including diseases associated with endometrium, show most variation maps to intergenic regulatory regions. It is likely that genetic risk factors for disease function through modifying the program of cell specific gene expression. The emerging evidence from our gene mapping studies coupled with tissue specific studies, and the GTEx, eQTLGen and EpiMap projects, show we need to expand our understanding of the complex regulation of gene expression. These data also help to link disease genetic risk factors to specific target genes. Combining our data on genetic regulation of gene expression in endometrium, and cell types within the endometrium with gene mapping data for endometriosis and related diseases is beginning to uncover the specific genes and pathways responsible for increased risk of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grant W. Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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5
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Zhang H, Cheng Z, Li W, Hu J, Zhao L, Chen D, Gao J, Chen J, Yan Y, Lin L, Shi A. WTS-1/LATS regulates endocytic recycling by restraining F-actin assembly in a synergistic manner. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:273738. [PMID: 34817059 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption of endosomal actin architecture negatively affects endocytic recycling. However, the underlying homeostatic mechanisms that regulate actin organization during recycling remain unclear. In this study, we identified a synergistic endosomal actin assembly restricting mechanism in C. elegans involving WTS-1, the homolog of LATS kinases, which is a core component of the Hippo pathway. WTS-1 resides on the sorting endosomes and colocalizes with the actin polymerization regulator PTRN-1 [the homolog of the calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated proteins (CAMSAPs)]. We observed an increase in PTRN-1-labeled structures in WTS-1-deficient cells, indicating that WTS-1 can limit the endosomal localization of PTRN-1. Accordingly, the actin overaccumulation phenotype in WTS-1-depleted cells was mitigated by the associated PTRN-1 loss. We further demonstrated that recycling defects and actin overaccumulation in WTS-1-deficient cells were reduced by the overexpression of constitutively active UNC-60A(S3A) (a cofilin protein homolog), which aligns with the role of LATS as a positive regulator of cofilin activity. Altogether, our data confirmed previous findings, and we propose an additional model, that WTS-1 acts alongside the UNC-60A-mediated actin disassembly to restrict the assembly of endosomal F-actin by curbing PTRN-1 dwelling on endosomes, preserving recycling transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zihang Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Linyue Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jinghu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.,Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yanling Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.,Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Long Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.,Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Anbing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.,Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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6
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Maurin J, Morel A, Guérit D, Cau J, Urbach S, Blangy A, Bompard G. The Beta-Tubulin Isotype TUBB6 Controls Microtubule and Actin Dynamics in Osteoclasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:778887. [PMID: 34869381 PMCID: PMC8639228 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.778887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone resorbing cells that participate in the maintenance of bone health. Pathological increase in osteoclast activity causes bone loss, eventually resulting in osteoporosis. Actin cytoskeleton of osteoclasts organizes into a belt of podosomes, which sustains the bone resorption apparatus and is maintained by microtubules. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating osteoclast cytoskeleton is key to understand the mechanisms of bone resorption, in particular to propose new strategies against osteoporosis. We reported recently that β-tubulin isotype TUBB6 is key for cytoskeleton organization in osteoclasts and for bone resorption. Here, using an osteoclast model CRISPR/Cas9 KO for Tubb6, we show that TUBB6 controls both microtubule and actin dynamics in osteoclasts. Osteoclasts KO for Tubb6 have reduced microtubule growth speed with longer growth life time, higher levels of acetylation, and smaller EB1-caps. On the other hand, lack of TUBB6 increases podosome life time while the belt of podosomes is destabilized. Finally, we performed proteomic analyses of osteoclast microtubule-associated protein enriched fractions. This highlighted ARHGAP10 as a new microtubule-associated protein, which binding to microtubules appears to be negatively regulated by TUBB6. ARHGAP10 is a negative regulator of CDC42 activity, which participates in actin organization in osteoclasts. Our results suggest that TUBB6 plays a key role in the control of microtubule and actin cytoskeleton dynamics in osteoclasts. Moreover, by controlling ARHGAP10 association with microtubules, TUBB6 may participate in the local control of CDC42 activity to ensure efficient bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Maurin
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Morel
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - David Guérit
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Cau
- BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Urbach
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Blangy
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Bompard
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
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7
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Larrañaga-Vera A, Marco-Bonilla M, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G, Mediero A, Cronstein B. ATP transporters in the joints. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:591-605. [PMID: 34392490 PMCID: PMC8677878 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09810-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays a central role in a wide variety of joint diseases. ATP is generated intracellularly, and the concentration of the extracellular ATP pool is determined by the regulation of its transport out of the cell. A variety of ATP transporters have been described, with connexins and pannexins the most commonly cited. Both form intercellular channels, known as gap junctions, that facilitate the transport of various small molecules between cells and mediate cell-cell communication. Connexins and pannexins also form pores, or hemichannels, that are permeable to certain molecules, including ATP. All joint tissues express one or more connexins and pannexins, and their expression is altered in some pathological conditions, such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), indicating that they may be involved in the onset and progression of these pathologies. The aging of the global population, along with increases in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic dysfunction, is associated with a rising frequency of joint diseases along with the increased costs and burden of related illness. The modulation of connexins and pannexins represents an attractive therapeutic target in joint disease, but their complex regulation, their combination of gap-junction-dependent and -independent functions, and their interplay between gap junction and hemichannel formation are not yet fully elucidated. In this review, we try to shed light on the regulation of these proteins and their roles in ATP transport to the extracellular space in the context of joint disease, and specifically OA and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Larrañaga-Vera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Marco-Bonilla
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Aránzazu Mediero
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bruce Cronstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Rauner M, Foessl I, Formosa MM, Kague E, Prijatelj V, Lopez NA, Banerjee B, Bergen D, Busse B, Calado Â, Douni E, Gabet Y, Giralt NG, Grinberg D, Lovsin NM, Solan XN, Ostanek B, Pavlos NJ, Rivadeneira F, Soldatovic I, van de Peppel J, van der Eerden B, van Hul W, Balcells S, Marc J, Reppe S, Søe K, Karasik D. Perspective of the GEMSTONE Consortium on Current and Future Approaches to Functional Validation for Skeletal Genetic Disease Using Cellular, Molecular and Animal-Modeling Techniques. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:731217. [PMID: 34938269 PMCID: PMC8686830 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.731217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of large human datasets for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the advancement of sequencing technologies have boosted the identification of genetic variants in complex and rare diseases in the skeletal field. Yet, interpreting results from human association studies remains a challenge. To bridge the gap between genetic association and causality, a systematic functional investigation is necessary. Multiple unknowns exist for putative causal genes, including cellular localization of the molecular function. Intermediate traits ("endophenotypes"), e.g. molecular quantitative trait loci (molQTLs), are needed to identify mechanisms of underlying associations. Furthermore, index variants often reside in non-coding regions of the genome, therefore challenging for interpretation. Knowledge of non-coding variance (e.g. ncRNAs), repetitive sequences, and regulatory interactions between enhancers and their target genes is central for understanding causal genes in skeletal conditions. Animal models with deep skeletal phenotyping and cell culture models have already facilitated fine mapping of some association signals, elucidated gene mechanisms, and revealed disease-relevant biology. However, to accelerate research towards bridging the current gap between association and causality in skeletal diseases, alternative in vivo platforms need to be used and developed in parallel with the current -omics and traditional in vivo resources. Therefore, we argue that as a field we need to establish resource-sharing standards to collectively address complex research questions. These standards will promote data integration from various -omics technologies and functional dissection of human complex traits. In this mission statement, we review the current available resources and as a group propose a consensus to facilitate resource sharing using existing and future resources. Such coordination efforts will maximize the acquisition of knowledge from different approaches and thus reduce redundancy and duplication of resources. These measures will help to understand the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and other skeletal diseases towards defining new and more efficient therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ines Foessl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Endocrine Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melissa M. Formosa
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Vid Prijatelj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nerea Alonso Lopez
- Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, CGEM, Institute of Genetics and Cancer (IGC), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bodhisattwa Banerjee
- Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Dylan Bergen
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ângelo Calado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eleni Douni
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Institute for Bioinnovation, B.S.R.C. “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy & Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Natalia García Giralt
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nika M. Lovsin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xavier Nogues Solan
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Ostanek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nathan J. Pavlos
- Bone Biology & Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Ivan Soldatovic
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bram van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janja Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kent Søe
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Marcus Research Institute, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Casalia ML, Casabona JC, García C, Cavaliere Candedo V, Quintá HR, Farías MI, Gonzalez J, Gonzalez Morón D, Córdoba M, Consalvo D, Mostoslavsky G, Urbano FJ, Pasquini J, Murer MG, Rela L, Kauffman MA, Pitossi FJ. A familiar study on self-limited childhood epilepsy patients using hIPSC-derived neurons shows a bias towards immaturity at the morphological, electrophysiological and gene expression levels. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:590. [PMID: 34823607 PMCID: PMC8620942 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-limited Childhood Epilepsies are the most prevalent epileptic syndrome in children. Its pathogenesis is unknown. In this disease, symptoms resolve spontaneously in approximately 50% of patients when maturity is reached, prompting to a maturation problem. The purpose of this study was to understand the molecular bases of this disease by generating and analyzing induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from a family with 7 siblings, among whom 4 suffer from this disease.
Methods Two affected siblings and, as controls, a healthy sister and the unaffected mother of the family were studied. Using exome sequencing, a homozygous variant in the FYVE, RhoGEF and PH Domain Containing 6 gene was identified in the patients as a putative genetic factor that could contribute to the development of this familial disorder. After informed consent was signed, skin biopsies from the 4 individuals were collected, fibroblasts were derived and reprogrammed and neurons were generated and characterized by markers and electrophysiology. Morphological, electrophysiological and gene expression analyses were performed on these neurons. Results Bona fide induced pluripotent stem cells and derived neurons could be generated in all cases. Overall, there were no major shifts in neuronal marker expression among patient and control-derived neurons. Compared to two familial controls, neurons from patients showed shorter axonal length, a dramatic reduction in synapsin-1 levels and cytoskeleton disorganization. In addition, neurons from patients developed a lower action potential threshold with time of in vitro differentiation and the amount of current needed to elicit an action potential (rheobase) was smaller in cells recorded from NE derived from patients at 12 weeks of differentiation when compared with shorter times in culture. These results indicate an increased excitability in patient cells that emerges with the time in culture. Finally, functional genomic analysis showed a biased towards immaturity in patient-derived neurons. Conclusions We are reporting the first in vitro model of self-limited childhood epilepsy, providing the cellular bases for future in-depth studies to understand its pathogenesis. Our results show patient-specific neuronal features reflecting immaturity, in resonance with the course of the disease and previous imaging studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02658-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Corina García
- Institute Leloir Foundation- IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Héctor Ramiro Quintá
- CONICET and Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental "Dr. J Toblli", Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Joaquín Gonzalez
- Institute Leloir Foundation- IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dolores Gonzalez Morón
- Consultorio y Laboratorio de Neurogenética, Centro Universitario de Neurología "José María Ramos Mejía" Facultad de Medicina, UBA & Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Córdoba
- Consultorio y Laboratorio de Neurogenética, Centro Universitario de Neurología "José María Ramos Mejía" Facultad de Medicina, UBA & Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damian Consalvo
- Consultorio y Laboratorio de Neurogenética, Centro Universitario de Neurología "José María Ramos Mejía" Facultad de Medicina, UBA & Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- Center For Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Francisco J Urbano
- Department of Physiology, Molecular and Cellular Biology "Dr. Héctor Maldonado", Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IFIBYNE-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juana Pasquini
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Gustavo Murer
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Rela
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo A Kauffman
- Consultorio y Laboratorio de Neurogenética, Centro Universitario de Neurología "José María Ramos Mejía" Facultad de Medicina, UBA & Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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10
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Interaction Network Provides Clues on the Role of BCAR1 in Cellular Response to Changes in Gravity. COMPUTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/computation9080081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
When culturing cells in space or under altered gravity conditions on Earth to investigate the impact of gravity, their adhesion and organoid formation capabilities change. In search of a target where the alteration of gravity force could have this impact, we investigated p130cas/BCAR1 and its interactions more thoroughly, particularly as its activity is sensitive to applied forces. This protein is well characterized regarding its role in growth stimulation and adhesion processes. To better understand BCAR1′s force-dependent scaffolding of other proteins, we studied its interactions with proteins we had detected by proteome analyses of MCF-7 breast cancer and FTC-133 thyroid cancer cells, which are both sensitive to exposure to microgravity and express BCAR1. Using linked open data resources and our experiments, we collected comprehensive information to establish a semantic knowledgebase and analyzed identified proteins belonging to signaling pathways and their networks. The results show that the force-dependent phosphorylation and scaffolding of BCAR1 influence the structure, function, and degradation of intracellular proteins as well as the growth, adhesion and apoptosis of cells similarly to exposure of whole cells to altered gravity. As BCAR1 evidently plays a significant role in cell responses to gravity changes, this study reveals a clear path to future research performing phosphorylation experiments on BCAR1.
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11
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Zeng J, Li M, Shi H, Guo J. Upregulation of FGD6 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:672595. [PMID: 34291059 PMCID: PMC8288026 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.672595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of faciogenital dysplasia 6 (FGD6) in gastric cancer (GC). Methods: The data of GC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used for the primary study. Then, our data were validated by the GEO database and RuiJin cohort. The relationship between the FGD6 level and various clinicopathological features was analyzed by logistic regression and univariate Cox regression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate whether FGD6 was an independent prognostic factor for survival of patients with GC. The relationship between FGD6 and overall survival time was explored by the Kaplan–Meier method. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to investigate the possible biological processes of FGD6. Results: The FGD6 level was significantly overexpressed in GC tissues, compared with adjacent normal tissues. The high expression of FGD6 was related to a high histological grade, stage, and T classification and poor prognosis of GC. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that FGD6 was an independent prognostic factor for survival of patients with GC. GSEA identified that the high expression of FGD6 was mainly enriched in regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Conclusion: FGD6 may be a prognostic biomarker for predicting the outcome of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Zeng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Man Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Huasheng Shi
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Second Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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12
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Abrams J, Nance J. A polarity pathway for exocyst-dependent intracellular tube extension. eLife 2021; 10:65169. [PMID: 33687331 PMCID: PMC8021397 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumen extension in intracellular tubes can occur when vesicles fuse with an invading apical membrane. Within the Caenorhabditis elegans excretory cell, which forms an intracellular tube, the exocyst vesicle-tethering complex is enriched at the lumenal membrane and is required for its outgrowth, suggesting that exocyst-targeted vesicles extend the lumen. Here, we identify a pathway that promotes intracellular tube extension by enriching the exocyst at the lumenal membrane. We show that PAR-6 and PKC-3/aPKC concentrate at the lumenal membrane and promote lumen extension. Using acute protein depletion, we find that PAR-6 is required for exocyst membrane recruitment, whereas PAR-3, which can recruit the exocyst in mammals, appears dispensable for exocyst localization and lumen extension. Finally, we show that CDC-42 and RhoGEF EXC-5/FGD regulate lumen extension by recruiting PAR-6 and PKC-3 to the lumenal membrane. Our findings reveal a pathway that connects CDC-42, PAR proteins, and the exocyst to extend intracellular tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Abrams
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Jeremy Nance
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States
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13
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Lucken-Ardjomande Häsler S, Vallis Y, Pasche M, McMahon HT. GRAF2, WDR44, and MICAL1 mediate Rab8/10/11-dependent export of E-cadherin, MMP14, and CFTR ΔF508. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151714. [PMID: 32344433 PMCID: PMC7199855 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201811014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the classical pathway of secretion, some transmembrane proteins reach the plasma membrane through alternative routes. Several proteins transit through endosomes and are exported in a Rab8-, Rab10-, and/or Rab11-dependent manner. GRAFs are membrane-binding proteins associated with tubules and vesicles. We found extensive colocalization of GRAF1b/2 with Rab8a/b and partial with Rab10. We identified MICAL1 and WDR44 as direct GRAF-binding partners. MICAL1 links GRAF1b/2 to Rab8a/b and Rab10, and WDR44 binds Rab11. Endogenous WDR44 labels a subset of tubular endosomes, which are closely aligned with the ER via binding to VAPA/B. With its BAR domain, GRAF2 can tubulate membranes, and in its absence WDR44 tubules are not observed. We show that GRAF2 and WDR44 are essential for the export of neosynthesized E-cadherin, MMP14, and CFTR ΔF508, three proteins whose exocytosis is sensitive to ER stress. Overexpression of dominant negative mutants of GRAF1/2, WDR44, and MICAL1 also interferes with it, facilitating future studies of Rab8/10/11-dependent exocytic pathways of central importance in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvonne Vallis
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathias Pasche
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harvey T McMahon
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Peng X, Wang T, Gao H, Yue X, Bian W, Mei J, Zhang Y. The interplay between IQGAP1 and small GTPases in cancer metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111243. [PMID: 33434854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastatic spread of tumor cells to distant anatomical locations is a critical cause for disease progression and leads to more than 90 % of cancer-related deaths. IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), a prominent regulator in the cancer metastasis process, is a scaffold protein that interacts with components of the cytoskeleton. As a critical node within the small GTPase network, IQGAP1 acts as a binding partner of several small GTPases, which in turn function as molecular switches to control most cellular processes, including cell migration and invasion. Given the significant interaction between IQGAP1 and small GTPases in cancer metastasis, we briefly elucidate the role of IQGAP1 in regulating cancer metastasis and the varied interactions existing between IQGAP1 and small GTPases. In addition, the potential regulators for IQGAP1 activity and its interaction with small GTPases are also incorporated in this review. Overall, we comprehensively summarize the role of IQGAP1 in cancer tumorigenicity and metastasis, which may be a potential anti-tumor target to restrain cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafeng Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China; First Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Tiejun Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Han Gao
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Xin Yue
- First Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Weiqi Bian
- First Clinical Medicine College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China; Wuxi Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
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15
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Kerjouan A, Boyault C, Oddou C, Hiriart-Bryant E, Grichine A, Kraut A, Pezet M, Balland M, Faurobert E, Bonnet I, Coute Y, Fourcade B, Albiges-Rizo C, Destaing O. Control of SRC molecular dynamics encodes distinct cytoskeletal responses by specifying signaling pathway usage. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237349. [PMID: 33495358 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon activation by different transmembrane receptors, the same signaling protein can induce distinct cellular responses. A way to decipher the mechanisms of such pleiotropic signaling activity is to directly manipulate the decision-making activity that supports the selection between distinct cellular responses. We developed an optogenetic probe (optoSRC) to control SRC signaling, an example of a pleiotropic signaling node, and we demonstrated its ability to generate different acto-adhesive structures (lamellipodia or invadosomes) upon distinct spatio-temporal control of SRC kinase activity. The occurrence of each acto-adhesive structure was simply dictated by the dynamics of optoSRC nanoclusters in adhesive sites, which were dependent on the SH3 and Unique domains of the protein. The different decision-making events regulated by optoSRC dynamics induced distinct downstream signaling pathways, which we characterized using time-resolved proteomic and network analyses. Collectively, by manipulating the molecular mobility of SRC kinase activity, these experiments reveal the pleiotropy-encoding mechanism of SRC signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Kerjouan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Cyril Boyault
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Christiane Oddou
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Edwige Hiriart-Bryant
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Alexei Grichine
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | | | - Mylène Pezet
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Martial Balland
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (Liphy), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000, 38402 Saint-Martin-d'Héres, France
| | - Eva Faurobert
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Isabelle Bonnet
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, UMR 168, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yohann Coute
- Laboratoire EDYP, BIG-BGE, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Bertrand Fourcade
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (Liphy), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000, 38402 Saint-Martin-d'Héres, France
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38706 La Tronche, France
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16
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Gu J, Yang Z, Yuan L, Guo S, Wang D, Zhao N, Meng L, Liu H, Chen W, Ma J. Rho-GEF trio regulates osteoclast differentiation and function by Rac1/Cdc42. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112265. [PMID: 32898553 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many bone diseases result from abnormal bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs). Studying OC related regulatory genes is necessary for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Rho GTPases have been proven to regulate OC differentiation and function and only mature OCs can carry out bone resorption. Here we demonstrate that Rac1 and Cdc42 exchange factor Triple functional domain (Trio) is critical for bone resorption caused by OCs. In this study, we created LysM-Cre;Triofl/fl conditional knockout mice in which Trio was conditionally ablated in monocytes. LysM-Cre;Triofl/fl mice showed increased bone mass due to impaired bone resorption caused by OCs. Furthermore, our in vitro analysis indicated that Trio conditional deficiency significantly suppressed OC differentiation and function. At the molecular level, Trio deficiency significantly inhibited the expression of genes critical for osteoclastogenesis and OC function. Mechanistically, our researches suggested that perturbed Rac1/Cdc42-PAK1-ERK/p38 signaling could be used to explain the lower ability of bone resorption in CKO mice. Taken together, this study indicates that Trio is a regulator of OCs. Studying the role of Trio in OCs provides a potential new insight for the treatment of OC related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lichan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shuyu Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Stomatatology, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223400, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Li Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Haojie Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Junqing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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17
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Blangy A, Bompard G, Guerit D, Marie P, Maurin J, Morel A, Vives V. The osteoclast cytoskeleton - current understanding and therapeutic perspectives for osteoporosis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/13/jcs244798. [PMID: 32611680 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.244798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are giant multinucleated myeloid cells specialized for bone resorption, which is essential for the preservation of bone health throughout life. The activity of osteoclasts relies on the typical organization of osteoclast cytoskeleton components into a highly complex structure comprising actin, microtubules and other cytoskeletal proteins that constitutes the backbone of the bone resorption apparatus. The development of methods to differentiate osteoclasts in culture and manipulate them genetically, as well as improvements in cell imaging technologies, has shed light onto the molecular mechanisms that control the structure and dynamics of the osteoclast cytoskeleton, and thus the mechanism of bone resorption. Although essential for normal bone physiology, abnormal osteoclast activity can cause bone defects, in particular their hyper-activation is commonly associated with many pathologies, hormonal imbalance and medical treatments. Increased bone degradation by osteoclasts provokes progressive bone loss, leading to osteoporosis, with the resulting bone frailty leading to fractures, loss of autonomy and premature death. In this context, the osteoclast cytoskeleton has recently proven to be a relevant therapeutic target for controlling pathological bone resorption levels. Here, we review the present knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms of the osteoclast cytoskeleton that control their bone resorption activity in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Blangy
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Bompard
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - David Guerit
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Marie
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Justine Maurin
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Morel
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Vives
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
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18
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Humphries BA, Wang Z, Yang C. MicroRNA Regulation of the Small Rho GTPase Regulators-Complexities and Opportunities in Targeting Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1092. [PMID: 32353968 PMCID: PMC7281527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The small Rho GTPases regulate important cellular processes that affect cancer metastasis, such as cell survival and proliferation, actin dynamics, adhesion, migration, invasion and transcriptional activation. The Rho GTPases function as molecular switches cycling between an active GTP-bound and inactive guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound conformation. It is known that Rho GTPase activities are mainly regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs), GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs), GDP dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) and guanine nucleotide exchange modifiers (GEMs). These Rho GTPase regulators are often dysregulated in cancer; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a large family of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate protein-coding gene expression, have been shown to play important roles in cancer metastasis. Recent studies showed that miRNAs are capable of directly targeting RhoGAPs, RhoGEFs, and RhoGDIs, and regulate the activities of Rho GTPases. This not only provides new evidence for the critical role of miRNA dysregulation in cancer metastasis, it also reveals novel mechanisms for Rho GTPase regulation. This review summarizes recent exciting findings showing that miRNAs play important roles in regulating Rho GTPase regulators (RhoGEFs, RhoGAPs, RhoGDIs), thus affecting Rho GTPase activities and cancer metastasis. The potential opportunities and challenges for targeting miRNAs and Rho GTPase regulators in treating cancer metastasis are also discussed. A comprehensive list of the currently validated miRNA-targeting of small Rho GTPase regulators is presented as a reference resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock A. Humphries
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhishan Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 V A Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 V A Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
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Mortlock S, Kendarsari RI, Fung JN, Gibson G, Yang F, Restuadi R, Girling JE, Holdsworth-Carson SJ, Teh WT, Lukowski SW, Healey M, Qi T, Rogers PAW, Yang J, McKinnon B, Montgomery GW. Tissue specific regulation of transcription in endometrium and association with disease. Hum Reprod 2020; 35:377-393. [PMID: 32103259 PMCID: PMC7048713 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are genetic effects on endometrial gene expression tissue specific and/or associated with reproductive traits and diseases? SUMMARY ANSWER Analyses of RNA-sequence data and individual genotype data from the endometrium identified novel and disease associated, genetic mechanisms regulating gene expression in the endometrium and showed evidence that these mechanisms are shared across biologically similar tissues. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The endometrium is a complex tissue vital for female reproduction and is a hypothesized source of cells initiating endometriosis. Understanding genetic regulation specific to, and shared between, tissue types can aid the identification of genes involved in complex genetic diseases. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION RNA-sequence and genotype data from 206 individuals was analysed and results were compared with large publicly available datasets. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS RNA-sequencing and genotype data from 206 endometrial samples was used to identify the influence of genetic variants on gene expression, via expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and to compare these endometrial eQTLs with those in other tissues. To investigate the association between endometrial gene expression regulation and reproductive traits and diseases, we conducted a tissue enrichment analysis, transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) and summary data-based Mendelian randomisation (SMR) analyses. Transcriptomic data was used to test differential gene expression between women with and without endometriosis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A tissue enrichment analysis with endometriosis genome-wide association study summary statistics showed that genes surrounding endometriosis risk loci were significantly enriched in reproductive tissues. A total of 444 sentinel cis-eQTLs (P < 2.57 × 10-9) and 30 trans-eQTLs (P < 4.65 × 10-13) were detected, including 327 novel cis-eQTLs in endometrium. A large proportion (85%) of endometrial eQTLs are present in other tissues. Genetic effects on endometrial gene expression were highly correlated with the genetic effects on reproductive (e.g. uterus, ovary) and digestive tissues (e.g. salivary gland, stomach), supporting a shared genetic regulation of gene expression in biologically similar tissues. The TWAS analysis indicated that gene expression at 39 loci is associated with endometriosis, including five known endometriosis risk loci. SMR analyses identified potential target genes pleiotropically or causally associated with reproductive traits and diseases including endometriosis. However, without taking account of genetic variants, a direct comparison between women with and without endometriosis showed no significant difference in endometrial gene expression. LARGE SCALE DATA The eQTL dataset generated in this study is available at http://reproductivegenomics.com.au/shiny/endo_eqtl_rna/. Additional datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are included within the article and the supplementary information files, or are available on reasonable request. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Data are derived from fresh tissue samples and expression levels are an average of expression from different cell types within the endometrium. Subtle cell-specifc expression changes may not be detected and differences in cell composition between samples and across the menstrual cycle will contribute to sample variability. Power to detect tissue specific eQTLs and differences between women with and without endometriosis was limited by the sample size in this study. The statistical approaches used in this study identify the likely gene targets for specific genetic risk factors, but not the functional mechanism by which changes in gene expression may influence disease risk. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results identify novel genetic variants that regulate gene expression in endometrium and the majority of these are shared across tissues. This allows analysis with large publicly available datasets to identify targets for female reproductive traits and diseases. Much larger studies will be required to identify genetic regulation of gene expression that will be specific to endometrium. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) under project grants GNT1026033, GNT1049472, GNT1046880, GNT1050208, GNT1105321, GNT1083405 and GNT1107258. G.W.M is supported by a NHMRC Fellowship (GNT1078399). J.Y is supported by an ARC Fellowship (FT180100186). There are no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Mortlock
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Raden I Kendarsari
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jenny N Fung
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Greg Gibson
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Fei Yang
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Restuadi Restuadi
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jane E Girling
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah J Holdsworth-Carson
- University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Wan Tinn Teh
- University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel W Lukowski
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Martin Healey
- University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ting Qi
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Peter A W Rogers
- University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Gynaecology Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jian Yang
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Brett McKinnon
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Inselspital University Hospital of Berne, 3010 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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20
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Morgan CJ, Hedman AC, Li Z, Sacks DB. Endogenous IQGAP1 and IQGAP3 do not functionally interact with Ras. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11057. [PMID: 31363101 PMCID: PMC6667474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras family of small GTPases modulates numerous essential processes. Activating Ras mutations result in hyper-activation of selected signaling cascades, which leads to human diseases. The high frequency of Ras mutations in human malignant neoplasms has led to Ras being a desirable chemotherapeutic target. The IQGAP family of scaffold proteins binds to and regulates multiple signaling molecules, including the Rho family GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42. There are conflicting data in the published literature regarding interactions between IQGAP and Ras proteins. Initial reports showed no binding, but subsequent studies claim associations of IQGAP1 and IQGAP3 with K-Ras and H-Ras, respectively. Therefore, we set out to resolve this controversy. Here we demonstrate that neither endogenous IQGAP1 nor endogenous IQGAP3 binds to the major Ras isoforms, namely H-, K-, and N-Ras. Importantly, Ras activation by epidermal growth factor is not altered when IQGAP1 or IQGAP3 proteins are depleted from cells. These data strongly suggest that IQGAP proteins are not functional interactors of H-, K-, or N-Ras and challenge the rationale for targeting the interaction of Ras with IQGAP for the development of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase J Morgan
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Andrew C Hedman
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Zhigang Li
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - David B Sacks
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.
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21
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Eitzen G, Smithers CC, Murray AG, Overduin M. Structure and function of the Fgd family of divergent FYVE domain proteins. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:257-264. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Eitzen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Cameron C. Smithers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Allan G. Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
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22
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Simonetti B, Cullen PJ. Actin-dependent endosomal receptor recycling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 56:22-33. [PMID: 30227382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endosomes constitute major sorting compartments within the cell. There, a myriad of transmembrane proteins (cargoes) are delivered to the lysosome for degradation or retrieved from this fate and recycled through tubulo-vesicular transport carriers to different cellular destinations. Retrieval and recycling are orchestrated by multi-protein assemblies that include retromer and retriever, sorting nexins, and the Arp2/3 activating WASH complex. Fine-tuned control of actin polymerization on endosomes is fundamental for the retrieval and recycling of cargoes. Recent advances in the field have highlighted several roles that actin plays in this process including the binding to cargoes, stabilization of endosomal subdomains, generation of the remodeling forces required for the biogenesis of cargo-enriched transport carriers and short-range motility of the transport carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Simonetti
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
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23
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Xiao X, Ni Y, Yu C, Li L, Mao B, Yang Y, Zheng D, Silvestrini B, Cheng CY. Src family kinases (SFKs) and cell polarity in the testis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 81:46-53. [PMID: 29174914 PMCID: PMC5988912 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-receptor Src family kinases (SFKs), most notably c-Src and c-Yes, are recently shown to be expressed by Sertoli and/or germ cells in adult rat testes. Studies have shown that SFKs are involved in modulating the cell cytoskeletal function, and involved in endocytic vesicle-mediated protein endocytosis, transcytosis and/or recycling as well as intracellular protein degradation events. Furthermore, a knockdown to SFKs, in particular c-Yes, has shown to induce defects in spermatid polarity. These findings, coupled with emerging evidence in the field, thus prompt us to critically evaluate them to put forth a developing concept regarding the role of SFKs and cell polarity, which will become a basis to design experiments for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, China
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, New York 10065
| | - Ya Ni
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, China
| | - Chenhuan Yu
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, China
| | - Linxi Li
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, New York 10065
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzho, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Baiping Mao
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, New York 10065
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzho, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, China
| | - Dongwang Zheng
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, China
| | | | - C. Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, New York 10065
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24
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Segeletz S, Danglot L, Galli T, Hoflack B. ARAP1 Bridges Actin Dynamics and AP-3-Dependent Membrane Traffic in Bone-Digesting Osteoclasts. iScience 2018; 6:199-211. [PMID: 30240610 PMCID: PMC6137390 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-resorbing osteoclasts play a central role in bone remodeling and its pathology. To digest bone, osteoclasts re-organize both F-actin, to assemble podosomes/sealing zones, and membrane traffic, to form bone-facing ruffled borders enriched in lysosomal membrane proteins. It remains elusive how these processes are coordinated. Here, we show that ARAP1 (ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1) fulfills this function. At podosomes/sealing zones, ARAP1 is part of a protein complex where its RhoGAP domain regulates actin dynamics. At endosomes, ARAP1 interacts with AP-3 adaptor complexes where its Arf-GAP domain regulates the Arf1-dependent AP-3 binding to membranes and, consequently lysosomal membrane protein transport to ruffled borders. Accordingly, ARAP1 or AP-3 depletion in osteoclasts alters their capacity to digest bone in vitro. and AP-3δ-deficient mocha mice, a model of the Hermansky-Pudlak storage pool syndrome, develop osteoporosis. Thus, ARAP1 bridges F-actin and membrane dynamics in osteoclasts for proper bone homeostasis. ARAP1 is a bridging factor controlling actin and membrane dynamics in osteoclasts ARAP1 controls podosome dynamics and AP-3 coat recruitment to membranes AP-3 controls targeting of lysosomal membrane proteins to the ruffled border AP-3-deficient mocha mice develop osteoporosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Segeletz
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, UMR-S894 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la Santé, Paris 75014, France
| | - Thierry Galli
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, UMR-S894 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la Santé, Paris 75014, France
| | - Bernard Hoflack
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, Dresden 01307, Germany.
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25
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Mullin BH, Zhu K, Xu J, Brown SJ, Mullin S, Tickner J, Pavlos NJ, Dudbridge F, Walsh JP, Wilson SG. Expression Quantitative Trait Locus Study of Bone Mineral Density GWAS Variants in Human Osteoclasts. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1044-1051. [PMID: 29473973 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex disease with a strong genetic component. Genomewide association studies (GWAS) have been very successful at identifying common genetic variants associated with bone parameters. A recently published study documented the results of the largest GWAS for bone mineral density (BMD) performed to date (n = 142,487), identifying 307 conditionally independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as associated with estimated BMD (eBMD) at the genomewide significance level. The vast majority of these variants are non-coding SNPs. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) studies using disease-specific cell types have increasingly been integrated with the results from GWAS to identify genes through which the observed GWAS associations are likely mediated. We generated a unique human osteoclast-specific eQTL data set using cells differentiated in vitro from 158 participants. We then used this resource to characterize the 307 recently identified BMD GWAS SNPs for association with nearby genes (±500 kb). After correction for multiple testing, 24 variants were found to be significantly associated with the expression of 32 genes in the osteoclast-like cells. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that these variants and those in strong linkage disequilibrium with them are enriched in regulatory regions. Several of the eQTL associations identified are relevant to genes that present strongly as having a role in bone, particularly IQGAP1, CYP19A1, CTNNB1, and COL6A3. Supporting evidence for many of the associations was obtained from publicly available eQTL data sets. We have also generated strong evidence for the presence of a regulatory region on chromosome 15q21.2 relevant to both the GLDN and CYP19A1 genes. In conclusion, we have generated a unique osteoclast-specific eQTL resource and have used this to identify 32 eQTL associations for recently identified BMD GWAS loci, which should inform functional studies of osteoclast biology. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Mullin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Brown
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Shelby Mullin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Nathan J Pavlos
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
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26
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Gong T, Yan Y, Zhang J, Liu S, Liu H, Gao J, Zhou X, Chen J, Shi A. PTRN-1/CAMSAP promotes CYK-1/formin-dependent actin polymerization during endocytic recycling. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201798556. [PMID: 29567645 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cargo sorting and membrane carrier initiation in recycling endosomes require appropriately coordinated actin dynamics. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of actin organization during recycling transport remains elusive. Here we report that the loss of PTRN-1/CAMSAP stalled actin exchange and diminished the cytosolic actin structures. Furthermore, we found that PTRN-1 is required for the recycling of clathrin-independent cargo hTAC-GFP The N-terminal calponin homology (CH) domain and central coiled-coils (CC) region of PTRN-1 can synergistically sustain the flow of hTAC-GFP We identified CYK-1/formin as a binding partner of PTRN-1. The N-terminal GTPase-binding domain (GBD) of CYK-1 serves as the binding interface for the PTRN-1 CH domain. The presence of the PTRN-1 CH domain promoted CYK-1-mediated actin polymerization, which suggests that the PTRN-1-CH:CYK-1-GBD interaction efficiently relieves autoinhibitory interactions within CYK-1. As expected, the overexpression of the CYK-1 formin homology domain 2 (FH2) substantially restored actin structures and partially suppressed the hTAC-GFP overaccumulation phenotype in ptrn-1 mutants. We conclude that the PTRN-1 CH domain is required to stimulate CYK-1 to facilitate actin dynamics during endocytic recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanling Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinghu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Anbing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China .,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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27
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Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is essential for the biology of osteoclasts, in particular during bone resorption. As key regulators of actin dynamics, the small GTPases of the Rho family are very important in the control of osteoclast activity. The study of Rho GTPase signaling pathways is essential to uncover the mechanisms of bone resorption and can have interesting applications for the treatment of osteolytic diseases. In this chapter, we describe various techniques to obtain primary osteoclasts from murine bone marrow cells, to measure Rho GTPase activation levels, to monitor bone resorption activity of osteoclasts and to introduce the expression of proteins of interest using a retroviral approach. We illustrate the different methods with experimental examples of the effect of Rac1 activation by the exchange factor Dock5 on bone resorption by osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Morel
- CRBM CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Blangy
- CRBM CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, France.
- Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.
| | - Virginie Vives
- CRBM CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
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28
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Chiang TS, Wu HF, Lee FJS. ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4C binding to filamin-A modulates filopodium formation and cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3013-3028. [PMID: 28855378 PMCID: PMC5662259 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamin-A plays a key role in tumorigenesis as well as the metastatic progression of prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, and gastric carcinoma. In this study, we identified filamin-A as a novel effector of Arl4C and showed that binding between Arl4C and FLNa modulates the formation of filopodia and cell migration by promoting activation of Cdc42. Changes in cell morphology and the physical forces that occur during migration are generated by a dynamic filamentous actin cytoskeleton. The ADP-ribosylation factor–like 4C (Arl4C) small GTPase acts as a molecular switch to regulate morphological changes and cell migration, although the mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. Here we report that Arl4C functions with the actin regulator filamin-A (FLNa) to modulate filopodium formation and cell migration. We found that Arl4C interacted with FLNa in a GTP-dependent manner and that FLNa IgG repeat 22 is both required and sufficient for this interaction. We also show that interaction between FLNa and Arl4C is essential for Arl4C-induced filopodium formation and increases the association of FLNa with Cdc42-GEF FGD6, promoting cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) GTPase activation. Thus our study revealed a novel mechanism, whereby filopodium formation and cell migration are regulated through the Arl4C-FLNa–mediated activation of Cdc42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Shin Chiang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Feng Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Jen S Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100 Taipei, Taiwan .,Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, 100 Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Iwatake M, Nishishita K, Okamoto K, Tsukuba T. The Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Plekhg5 modulates cell polarity, adhesion, migration, and podosome organization in macrophages and osteoclasts. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:415-430. [PMID: 28847484 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated bone-resorbing cells that are formed by fusion of monocyte/macrophage lineage. Osteoclasts and macrophages generate podosomes that are actin-based dynamic organelles implicated in cell adhesion, spreading, migration, and degradation. However, the detailed mechanisms of podosome organization remain unknown. Here, we identified the Rho-specific guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (Rho-GEF) Plekhg5 as an up-regulated gene during differentiation of osteoclasts from macrophages. Knockdown of Plekhg5 with small interfering RNA in both macrophages and osteoclasts induced larger cell formation with impaired cell polarity and resulted in an elongated and flattened shape. In macrophages, Plekhg5 depletion enhanced random migration, but impaired directional migration, adhesion, and matrix degradation. Plekhg5 in osteoclasts affected random migration, podosome organization, and bone resorption. Plekhg5 depletion affected signaling and localization of several Rho downstream effectors. In fact, end-binding protein 1 (EB1), cofilin and vinculin were abnormally localized in Plekhg5-depleted cells, and mDia1 and LIM kinase (LIMK)1 were upregulated in Plekhg5-depleted cells compared with control cells. However, overexpression of Plekhg5 in macrophages induced an increase in its mRNA level, but failed to increase the protein level, indicating that overexpressed Plekhg5 was degraded in macrophages but not HEK293T cells. Thus, Plekhg5 affects cell polarity, migration, adhesion, degradation, and podosome organization in macrophages and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Iwatake
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nishishita
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Okamoto
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tsukuba
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
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30
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Dütting S, Gaits-Iacovoni F, Stegner D, Popp M, Antkowiak A, van Eeuwijk JMM, Nurden P, Stritt S, Heib T, Aurbach K, Angay O, Cherpokova D, Heinz N, Baig AA, Gorelashvili MG, Gerner F, Heinze KG, Ware J, Krohne G, Ruggeri ZM, Nurden AT, Schulze H, Modlich U, Pleines I, Brakebusch C, Nieswandt B. A Cdc42/RhoA regulatory circuit downstream of glycoprotein Ib guides transendothelial platelet biogenesis. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28643773 PMCID: PMC5481742 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood platelets are produced by large bone marrow (BM) precursor cells, megakaryocytes (MKs), which extend cytoplasmic protrusions (proplatelets) into BM sinusoids. The molecular cues that control MK polarization towards sinusoids and limit transendothelial crossing to proplatelets remain unknown. Here, we show that the small GTPases Cdc42 and RhoA act as a regulatory circuit downstream of the MK-specific mechanoreceptor GPIb to coordinate polarized transendothelial platelet biogenesis. Functional deficiency of either GPIb or Cdc42 impairs transendothelial proplatelet formation. In the absence of RhoA, increased Cdc42 activity and MK hyperpolarization triggers GPIb-dependent transmigration of entire MKs into BM sinusoids. These findings position Cdc42 (go-signal) and RhoA (stop-signal) at the centre of a molecular checkpoint downstream of GPIb that controls transendothelial platelet biogenesis. Our results may open new avenues for the treatment of platelet production disorders and help to explain the thrombocytopenia in patients with Bernard-Soulier syndrome, a bleeding disorder caused by defects in GPIb-IX-V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dütting
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frederique Gaits-Iacovoni
- INSERM UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires-I2MC, UMR1048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Popp
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Adrien Antkowiak
- INSERM UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires-I2MC, UMR1048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Judith M M van Eeuwijk
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paquita Nurden
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire LIRYC, Plateforme Technologique d'Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33604 Pessac, France
| | - Simon Stritt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Heib
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katja Aurbach
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oguzhan Angay
- Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Niels Heinz
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main and the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Ayesha A Baig
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian G Gorelashvili
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Gerner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin G Heinze
- Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jerry Ware
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, Arkansass 72205, USA
| | - Georg Krohne
- Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zaverio M Ruggeri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Alan T Nurden
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire LIRYC, Plateforme Technologique d'Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33604 Pessac, France
| | - Harald Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ute Modlich
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main and the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Irina Pleines
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- BRIC, Biomedical Institute, University of Copenhagen, Nørregade 10, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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31
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Sztacho M, Segeletz S, Sanchez-Fernandez MA, Czupalla C, Niehage C, Hoflack B. BAR Proteins PSTPIP1/2 Regulate Podosome Dynamics and the Resorption Activity of Osteoclasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164829. [PMID: 27760174 PMCID: PMC5070766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone resorption in vertebrates relies on the ability of osteoclasts to assemble F-actin-rich podosomes that condense into podosomal belts, forming sealing zones. Sealing zones segregate bone-facing ruffled membranes from other membrane domains, and disassemble when osteoclasts migrate to new areas. How podosome/sealing zone dynamics is regulated remains unknown. We illustrate the essential role of the membrane scaffolding F-BAR-Proline-Serine-Threonine Phosphatase Interacting Proteins (PSTPIP) 1 and 2 in this process. Whereas PSTPIP2 regulates podosome assembly, PSTPIP1 regulates their disassembly. PSTPIP1 recruits, through its F-BAR domain, the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6) that de-phosphophorylates the phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphatases SHIP1/2 bound to the SH3 domain of PSTPIP1. Depletion of any component of this complex prevents sealing zone disassembly and increases osteoclast activity. Thus, our results illustrate the importance of BAR domain proteins in podosome structure and dynamics, and identify a new PSTPIP1/PTPN6/SHIP1/2-dependent negative feedback mechanism that counterbalances Src and PI(3,4,5)P3 signalling to control osteoclast cell polarity and activity during bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sztacho
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47–51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Segeletz
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47–51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Cornelia Czupalla
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47–51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Niehage
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47–51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernard Hoflack
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47–51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
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32
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Egorov MV, Polishchuk RS. Emerging role of Cdc42-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors as regulators of membrane trafficking in health and disease. Tissue Cell 2016; 49:157-162. [PMID: 28029388 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the Golgi complex operates as a main sorting station in the biosynthetic pathway. On the other hand, the Golgi complex harbors numerous signaling molecules that generate the platform for the coordination of the transduction of specific signals and of membrane transport events. A part of these processes, which require the complex integration of transport-, cytoskeleton- and polarity-associated mechanisms, is tightly regulated by molecular machineries comprising guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) and their down-stream effectors, such as the small GTPase Cdc42. Dysfunction of several Cdc42-specific GEFs has been shown to cause a number of human diseases, which are associated with impaired intracellular trafficking at the level of the Golgi complex as well as in other compartments. Here we briefly overview how mutations in Cdc42-specific GEFs have an impact on the organization of intracellular trafficking fluxes and how such trafficking aberrations could be associated with a number of human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Egorov
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy.
| | - R S Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy.
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33
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Shaye DD, Greenwald I. A network of conserved formins, regulated by the guanine exchange factor EXC-5 and the GTPase CDC-42, modulates tubulogenesis in vivo. Development 2016; 143:4173-4181. [PMID: 27697907 DOI: 10.1242/dev.141861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The C. elegans excretory cell (EC) is a powerful model for tubulogenesis, a conserved process that requires precise cytoskeletal regulation. EXC-6, an ortholog of the disease-associated formin INF2, coordinates cell outgrowth and lumen formation during EC tubulogenesis by regulating F-actin at the tip of the growing canal and the dynamics of basolateral microtubules. EXC-6 functions in parallel with EXC-5/FGD, a predicted activator of the Rho GTPase Cdc42. Here, we identify the parallel pathway: EXC-5 functions through CDC-42 to regulate two other formins: INFT-2, another INF2 ortholog, and CYK-1, the sole ortholog of the mammalian diaphanous (mDia) family of formins. We show that INFT-2 promotes F-actin accumulation in the EC, and that CYK-1 inhibits INFT-2 to regulate F-actin levels and EXC-6-promoted outgrowth. As INF2 and mDia physically interact and cross-regulate in cultured cells, our work indicates that a conserved EXC-5-CDC-42 pathway modulates this regulatory interaction and that it is functionally important in vivo during tubulogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Shaye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Iva Greenwald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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34
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Segeletz S, Hoflack B. Proteomic approaches to study osteoclast biology. Proteomics 2016; 16:2545-2556. [PMID: 27350065 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue whose remodeling throughout life is orchestrated by repeated cycles of destruction mediated by osteoclasts and rebuilding by osteoblasts. Current understanding of osteoclast biology has largely relied on the generation of knockout mice exhibiting an abnormal bone phenotype. This has provided a better understanding of osteoclast biology and the key proteins that support osteoclast function. However, mouse models alone do not provide an integrated view on protein networks and post-translational modifications that might be important for osteoclast function. During the past years, a number of MS-based quantitative methods have been developed to investigate the complexity of biological systems. This review will summarize how such approaches have contributed to the understanding of osteoclast differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Segeletz
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernard Hoflack
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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35
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Albertsen HM, Ward K. Genes Linked to Endometriosis by GWAS Are Integral to Cytoskeleton Regulation and Suggests That Mesothelial Barrier Homeostasis Is a Factor in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:803-811. [PMID: 27470151 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116660847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis, defined by the presence of ectopic endometrial lesions, is a common disease in reproductive-age women that profoundly affects patients' quality of life. Various pathogenic models have been proposed, but the origin of endometriosis remains elusive. In this article, we propose that the mesothelial barrier, which protects the underlying stroma from endometrial transplants present in retrograde menstrual fluid, can be compromised by activation of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) repair mechanism that lead to temporary loss of barrier integrity. Absent of the mesothelial barrier, endometrial cells can more readily adhere to the underlying peritoneal stroma and establish endometrial lesions. The hypothesis is based on the clinical and experimental observations that correlate the location of endometrial lesions with areas of mesothelial damage, together with genetic evidence that 4 genes associated with endometriosis are direct regulators of the actin-cytoskeleton, which coordinates mesothelial barrier integrity. It supports past observations that implicate the peritoneum in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and unifies previously disparate theories that endometriosis may be triggered by infection, mechanical damage, and inflammation since each of these mechanisms can induce EMT in the mesothelium. If the hypothesis is correct, inhibition of EMT in the mesothelial barrier provides a novel paradigm for the prevention and treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Ward
- 1 Juneau Biosciences, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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36
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Huang L, Zhang H, Cheng CY, Wen F, Tam POS, Zhao P, Chen H, Li Z, Chen L, Tai Z, Yamashiro K, Deng S, Zhu X, Chen W, Cai L, Lu F, Li Y, Cheung CMG, Shi Y, Miyake M, Lin Y, Gong B, Liu X, Sim KS, Yang J, Mori K, Zhang X, Cackett PD, Tsujikawa M, Nishida K, Hao F, Ma S, Lin H, Cheng J, Fei P, Lai TYY, Tang S, Laude A, Inoue S, Yeo IY, Sakurada Y, Zhou Y, Iijima H, Honda S, Lei C, Zhang L, Zheng H, Jiang D, Zhu X, Wong TY, Khor CC, Pang CP, Yoshimura N, Yang Z. A missense variant in FGD6 confers increased risk of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Nat Genet 2016; 48:640-7. [PMID: 27089177 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), a subtype of 'wet' age-related macular degeneration (AMD), constitutes up to 55% of cases of wet AMD in Asian patients. In contrast to the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) subtype, the genetic risk factors for PCV are relatively unknown. Exome sequencing analysis of a Han Chinese cohort followed by replication in four independent cohorts identified a rare c.986A>G (p.Lys329Arg) variant in the FGD6 gene as significantly associated with PCV (P = 2.19 × 10(-16), odds ratio (OR) = 2.12) but not with CNV (P = 0.26, OR = 1.13). The intracellular localization of FGD6-Arg329 is distinct from that of FGD6-Lys329. In vitro, FGD6 could regulate proangiogenic activity, and oxidized phospholipids increased expression of FGD6. FGD6-Arg329 promoted more abnormal vessel development in the mouse retina than FGD6-Lys329. Collectively, our data suggest that oxidized phospholipids and FGD6-Arg329 might act synergistically to increase susceptibility to PCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Chengdu Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Center of Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Houbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center of Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Feng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pancy O S Tam
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lijia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengfu Tai
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Chengdu Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Center of Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shaoping Deng
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center of Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center of Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiqi Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Li Cai
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chui-Ming G Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Shi
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center of Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Masahiro Miyake
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yin Lin
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center of Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kar-Seng Sim
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiyun Yang
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Keisuke Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Japan
| | - Xiongzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peter D Cackett
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Motokazu Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fang Hao
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Ma
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - He Lin
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Timothy Y Y Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sibo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Augustinus Laude
- National Health care Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ian Y Yeo
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yoichi Sakurada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hiroyuki Iijima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Honda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chuntao Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center of Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tien-Ying Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chi-Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nagahisa Yoshimura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Chengdu Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Center of Information in Biomedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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37
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Vergés M. Retromer in Polarized Protein Transport. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 323:129-79. [PMID: 26944621 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retromer is an evolutionary conserved protein complex required for endosome-to-Golgi retrieval of receptors for lysosomal hydrolases. It is constituted by a heterotrimer encoded by the vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) gene products Vps26, Vps35, and Vps29, which selects cargo, and a dimer of phosphoinositide-binding sorting nexins, which deforms the membrane. Recent progress in the mechanism of retromer assembly and functioning has strengthened the link between sorting at the endosome and cytoskeleton dynamics. Retromer is implicated in endosomal sorting of many cargos and plays an essential role in plant and animal development. Although it is best known for endosome sorting to the trans-Golgi network, it also intervenes in recycling to the plasma membrane. In polarized cells, such as epithelial cells and neurons, retromer may also be utilized for transcytosis and long-range transport. Considerable evidence implicates retromer in establishment and maintenance of cell polarity. That includes sorting of the apical polarity module Crumbs; regulation of retromer function by the basolateral polarity module Scribble; and retromer-dependent recycling of various cargoes to a certain surface domain, thus controlling polarized location and cell homeostasis. Importantly, altered retromer function has been linked to neurodegeneration, such as in Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. This review will underline how alterations in retromer localization and function may affect polarized protein transport and polarity establishment, thereby causing developmental defects and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Vergés
- Cardiovascular Genetics Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; Medical Sciences Department, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
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38
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Hernández-García R, Iruela-Arispe ML, Reyes-Cruz G, Vázquez-Prado J. Endothelial RhoGEFs: A systematic analysis of their expression profiles in VEGF-stimulated and tumor endothelial cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 74:60-72. [PMID: 26471833 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) integrate cell signaling inputs into morphological and functional responses. However, little is known about the endothelial repertoire of RhoGEFs and their regulation. Thus, we assessed the expression of 81 RhoGEFs (70 homologous to Dbl and 11 of the DOCK family) in endothelial cells. Further, in the case of DH-RhoGEFs, we also determined their responses to VEGF exposure in vitro and in the context of tumors. A phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of four groups of DH-RhoGEFs and two of the DOCK family. Among them, we found that the most abundant endothelial RhoGEFs were: Tuba, FGD5, Farp1, ARHGEF17, TRIO, P-Rex1, ARHGEF15, ARHGEF11, ABR, Farp2, ARHGEF40, ALS, DOCK1, DOCK7 and DOCK6. Expression of RASGRF2 and PREX2 increased significantly in response to VEGF, but most other RhoGEFs were unaffected. Interestingly murine endothelial cells isolated from tumors showed that all four phylogenetic subgroups of DH-RhoGEFs were altered when compared to non-tumor endothelial cells. In summary, our results provide a detailed assessment of RhoGEFs expression profiles in the endothelium and set the basis to systematically address their regulation in vascular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Institute,University of California,Los Angeles, CA,USA
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39
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Takasuga A, Sato K, Nakamura R, Saito Y, Sasaki S, Tsuji T, Suzuki A, Kobayashi H, Matsuhashi T, Setoguchi K, Okabe H, Ootsubo T, Tabuchi I, Fujita T, Watanabe N, Hirano T, Nishimura S, Watanabe T, Hayakawa M, Sugimoto Y, Kojima T. Non-synonymous FGD3 Variant as Positional Candidate for Disproportional Tall Stature Accounting for a Carcass Weight QTL (CW-3) and Skeletal Dysplasia in Japanese Black Cattle. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005433. [PMID: 26306008 PMCID: PMC4549114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive skeletal dysplasia, characterized by joint- and/or hip bone-enlargement, was mapped within the critical region for a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) influencing carcass weight; previously named CW-3 in Japanese Black cattle. The risk allele was on the same chromosome as the Q allele that increases carcass weight. Phenotypic characterization revealed that the risk allele causes disproportional tall stature and bone size that increases carcass weight in heterozygous individuals but causes disproportionately narrow chest width in homozygotes. A non-synonymous variant of FGD3 was identified as a positional candidate quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) and the corresponding mutant protein showed reduced activity as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Cdc42. FGD3 is expressed in the growth plate cartilage of femurs from bovine and mouse. Thus, loss of FDG3 activity may lead to subsequent loss of Cdc42 function. This would be consistent with the columnar disorganization of proliferating chondrocytes in chondrocyte-specific inactivated Cdc42 mutant mice. This is the first report showing association of FGD3 with skeletal dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Takasuga
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Odakura, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
- Shirakawa Institute of Animal Genetics, Japan Livestock Technology Association, Odakura, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kunio Sato
- Oita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Kuju, Takeda, Oita, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Nakamura
- Shimane Prefectural Livestock Technology Center, Koshi, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yosuke Saito
- Miyagi Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station, Iwadeyama, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinji Sasaki
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Odakura, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
- Shirakawa Institute of Animal Genetics, Japan Livestock Technology Association, Odakura, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takehito Tsuji
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akio Suzuki
- Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, Moritatukimino, Morita, Tugaru, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Okayama Prefectural Research Institute of Livestock Industry, Misaki, Kume, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tamako Matsuhashi
- Gifu Prefectural Livestock Research Institute, Kiyomi, Takayama, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koji Setoguchi
- Cattle Breeding Development Institute of Kagoshima Prefecture, Osumi, So, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okabe
- Nagasaki Prefectural Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Tabiracho Kotedamen, Hirado, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshitake Ootsubo
- Saga Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station, Yamauchi, Takeo, Saga, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tabuchi
- Tottori Animal Husbandry Experiment Station, Kotoura, Touhaku, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Fujita
- Oita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Kuju, Takeda, Oita, Japan
| | - Naoto Watanabe
- Oita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Kuju, Takeda, Oita, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Shirakawa Institute of Animal Genetics, Japan Livestock Technology Association, Odakura, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shota Nishimura
- Shirakawa Institute of Animal Genetics, Japan Livestock Technology Association, Odakura, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Shirakawa Institute of Animal Genetics, Japan Livestock Technology Association, Odakura, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Makio Hayakawa
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Shirakawa Institute of Animal Genetics, Japan Livestock Technology Association, Odakura, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kojima
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Odakura, Nishigo, Fukushima, Japan
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40
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Goldberg S, Glogauer J, Grynpas MD, Glogauer M. Deletion of filamin A in monocytes protects cortical and trabecular bone from post-menopausal changes in bone microarchitecture. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 97:113-24. [PMID: 25894069 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-9994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the in vivo role of Filamin A (FLNA) in osteoclast generation and function, through the assessment of trabecular bone morphology, bone turnover, and the resulting changes in mechanical properties of the skeleton in mice with targeted deletion of FLNA in pre-osteoclasts. Using a conditional targeted knockdown of FLNA in osteoclasts, we assessed bone characteristics in vivo including micro-computed tomography (micro-ct), histomorphometric analyses, and bone mechanical properties. These parameters were assessed in female mice at 5 months of age, in an aging protocol (comparing 5-month-old and 11-month-old mice) and an osteoporosis protocol [ovariectomized (OVX) at 5 months of age and then sacrificed at 6 and 11 months of age]. In vivo bone densitometry, mechanical and histomorphometric analyses revealed a mild osteoporotic phenotype in the FLNA-null 5-month and aging groups. The WT and FLNA-KO bones did not appear to age differently. However, the volumetric bone mineral density decrease associated with OVX in WT is absent in FLNA-KO-OVX groups. The skeleton in the FLNA-KO-OVX group does not differ from the FLNA-KO group both in mechanical and structural properties as shown by mechanical testing of femora and vertebrae and histomorphometry of vertebrae. Additionally, FLNA-KO femora are tougher and more ductile than WT femora. The result of this study indicates that while FLNA-KO bones are weaker than WT bones, they do not age differently and are protected from estrogen-mediated post-menopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goldberg
- Matrix Dynamics Group- Faculty of Dentistry, Fitzgerald Building 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S3E2, Canada,
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41
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Bai Z, Grant BD. A TOCA/CDC-42/PAR/WAVE functional module required for retrograde endocytic recycling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E1443-52. [PMID: 25775511 PMCID: PMC4378436 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418651112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosome-to-Golgi transport is required for the function of many key membrane proteins and lipids, including signaling receptors, small-molecule transporters, and adhesion proteins. The retromer complex is well-known for its role in cargo sorting and vesicle budding from early endosomes, in most cases leading to cargo fusion with the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Transport from recycling endosomes to the TGN has also been reported, but much less is understood about the molecules that mediate this transport step. Here we provide evidence that the F-BAR domain proteins TOCA-1 and TOCA-2 (Transducer of Cdc42 dependent actin assembly), the small GTPase CDC-42 (Cell division control protein 42), associated polarity proteins PAR-6 (Partitioning defective 6) and PKC-3/atypical protein kinase C, and the WAVE actin nucleation complex mediate the transport of MIG-14/Wls and TGN-38/TGN38 cargo proteins from the recycling endosome to the TGN in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results indicate that CDC-42, the TOCA proteins, and the WAVE component WVE-1 are enriched on RME-1-positive recycling endosomes in the intestine, unlike retromer components that act on early endosomes. Furthermore, we find that retrograde cargo TGN-38 is trapped in early endosomes after depletion of SNX-3 (a retromer component) but is mainly trapped in recycling endosomes after depletion of CDC-42, indicating that the CDC-42-associated complex functions after retromer in a distinct organelle. Thus, we identify a group of interacting proteins that mediate retrograde recycling, and link these proteins to a poorly understood trafficking step, recycling endosome-to-Golgi transport. We also provide evidence for the physiological importance of this pathway in WNT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Bai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Barth D Grant
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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42
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Hedman AC, Smith JM, Sacks DB. The biology of IQGAP proteins: beyond the cytoskeleton. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:427-46. [PMID: 25722290 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201439834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IQGAP scaffold proteins are evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes and facilitate the formation of complexes that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, intracellular signaling, and intercellular interactions. Fungal and mammalian IQGAPs are implicated in cytokinesis. IQGAP1, IQGAP2, and IQGAP3 have diverse roles in vertebrate physiology, operating in the kidney, nervous system, cardio-vascular system, pancreas, and lung. The functions of IQGAPs can be corrupted during oncogenesis and are usurped by microbial pathogens. Therefore, IQGAPs represent intriguing candidates for novel therapeutic agents. While modulation of the cytoskeletal architecture was initially thought to be the primary function of IQGAPs, it is now clear that they have roles beyond the cytoskeleton. This review describes contributions of IQGAPs to physiology at the organism level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Hedman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica M Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David B Sacks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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43
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Perillo L, Monsurrò A, Bonci E, Torella A, Mutarelli M, Nigro V. Genetic association of ARHGAP21 gene variant with mandibular prognathism. J Dent Res 2015; 94:569-76. [PMID: 25691070 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515572190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular prognathism (MP) is a recognizable phenotype associated with dentoskeletal class III malocclusion. MP is a complex genetic trait, although familial recurrence also suggests the contribution of single inherited variations. To date, the genetic causes of MP have been investigated using linkage analysis or association studies in pooled families. Here for the first time, next-generation sequencing was used to study a single family with a large number of MP-affected members and to identify MP-related candidate genes. A 6-generation kindred with MP segregating as an autosomal dominant character was recruited. To identify family members affected by MP, a standard cephalometric procedure was used. In 5 MP subjects separated by the largest number of meioses, whole-exome sequencing was performed. Five promising missense gene variants (BMP3, ANXA2, FLNB, HOXA2, and ARHGAP21) associated with MP were selected and genotyped in most other family members. In this family, MP seemed to consist of 2 distinct genetic branches. Interestingly, the Gly1121Ser variant in the ARHGAP21 gene was found to be shared by all MP individuals in the larger branch of the family with nearly complete penetrance. This variant is rare in the Caucasian population (frequency 0.00034) and is predicted as damaging by all bioinformatic algorithms. ARHGAP21 protein strengthens cell-cell adhesions and may be regulated by bone morphogenetic factors, thus influencing mandibular growth. Further studies in both animal models and human patients are required to clarify the significance of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Perillo
- Dipartimento Multidisciplinare di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Monsurrò
- Dipartimento Multidisciplinare di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - E Bonci
- Dipartimento Multidisciplinare di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Torella
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - M Mutarelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - V Nigro
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
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44
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IQGAPs choreograph cellular signaling from the membrane to the nucleus. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:171-84. [PMID: 25618329 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1994, recognized cellular functions for the scaffold protein IQGAP1 have expanded immensely. Over 100 unique IQGAP1-interacting proteins have been identified, implicating IQGAP1 as a critical integrator of cellular signaling pathways. Initial research established functions for IQGAP1 in cell-cell adhesion, cell migration, and cell signaling. Recent studies have revealed additional IQGAP1 binding partners, expanding the biological roles of IQGAP1. These include crosstalk between signaling cascades, regulation of nuclear function, and Wnt pathway potentiation. Investigation of the IQGAP2 and IQGAP3 homologs demonstrates unique functions, some of which differ from those of IQGAP1. Summarized here are recent observations that enhance our understanding of IQGAP proteins in the integration of diverse signaling pathways.
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