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Fukui S, Gutch S, Fukui S, Cherpokova D, Aymonnier K, Sheehy CE, Chu L, Wagner DD. The prominent role of hematopoietic peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 in arthritis: collagen and G-CSF induced arthritis model in C57BL/6 mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1139-1146. [PMID: 35166055 DOI: 10.1002/art.42093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genome-wide association studies have connected PADI4, encoding peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). PAD4 promotes neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. We studied Padi4 origin and NETs in an arthritis model in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS To permit the effective use of C57BL/6 mice in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model, we introduced the administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for four consecutive days in conjunction with the booster immunization on day 21. The model evaluated global (Padi4-/- ) and hematopoietic lineage-specific (Padi4Vav1Cre/+ ) Padi4-deficient mice. RESULTS G-CSF significantly increased the incidence and severity of arthritis in CIA. G-CSF-treated mice showed elevated citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit) in plasma while vehicle-treated mice did not. Immunofluorescent microscopy revealed deposition of H3Cit in synovial tissue in G-CSF-treated mice. Padi4-/- mice developed less arthritis, demonstrating lower serum interleukin 6 and plasma H3Cit, less citrullinated histone H4 in synovial tissue, and less bone erosion observed by micro-computed tomography than Padi4+/+ mice in the G-CSF-modified CIA model. Similarly, Padi4Vav1Cre/+ mice developed less arthritis compared with Padi4fl/fl mice, and presented the same phenotype as Padi4-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS We succeeded in developing an arthritis model suitable for use in C57BL/6 mice that was fully compliant with high animal welfare standards. We observed an over 90% incidence of arthritis in male mice and detectable NET markers. This model, with some futures consistent with human RA, demonstrates that hematopoietic PAD4 is an important contributor to arthritis development and may prove useful in future RA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Fukui
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Gutch
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Saeko Fukui
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Karen Aymonnier
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Casey E Sheehy
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Long Chu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
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2
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Schanbacher C, Bieber M, Reinders Y, Cherpokova D, Teichert C, Nieswandt B, Sickmann A, Kleinschnitz C, Langhauser F, Lorenz K. ERK1/2 Activity Is Critical for the Outcome of Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020706. [PMID: 35054890 PMCID: PMC8776221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic disorders are the leading cause of death worldwide. The extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are thought to affect the outcome of ischemic stroke. However, it is under debate whether activation or inhibition of ERK1/2 is beneficial. In this study, we report that the ubiquitous overexpression of wild-type ERK2 in mice (ERK2wt) is detrimental after transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (tMCAO), as it led to a massive increase in infarct volume and neurological deficits by increasing blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakiness, inflammation, and the number of apoptotic neurons. To compare ERK1/2 activation and inhibition side-by-side, we also used mice with ubiquitous overexpression of the Raf-kinase inhibitor protein (RKIPwt) and its phosphorylation-deficient mutant RKIPS153A, known inhibitors of the ERK1/2 signaling cascade. RKIPwt and RKIPS153A attenuated ischemia-induced damages, in particular via anti-inflammatory signaling. Taken together, our data suggest that stimulation of the Raf/MEK/ERK1/2-cascade is severely detrimental and its inhibition is rather protective. Thus, a tight control of the ERK1/2 signaling is essential for the outcome in response to ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Schanbacher
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (Y.R.); (C.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Michael Bieber
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Yvonne Reinders
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (Y.R.); (C.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (D.C.); (B.N.)
- Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Teichert
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (Y.R.); (C.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (D.C.); (B.N.)
- Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (Y.R.); (C.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Friederike Langhauser
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (K.L.)
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (Y.R.); (C.T.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (K.L.)
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3
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Tilvawala R, Nemmara VV, Reyes AC, Sorvillo N, Salinger AJ, Cherpokova D, Fukui S, Gutch S, Wagner D, Thompson PR. The role of SERPIN citrullination in thrombosis. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1728-1739.e5. [PMID: 34352225 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant protein citrullination is associated with many pathologies; however, the specific effects of this modification remain unknown. We have previously demonstrated that serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs) are highly citrullinated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. These citrullinated SERPINs include antithrombin, antiplasmin, and t-PAI, which regulate the coagulation and fibrinolysis cascades. Notably, citrullination eliminates their inhibitory activity. Here, we demonstrate that citrullination of antithrombin and t-PAI impairs their binding to their cognate proteases. By contrast, citrullination converts antiplasmin into a substrate. We recapitulate the effects of SERPIN citrullination using in vitro plasma clotting and fibrinolysis assays. Moreover, we show that citrullinated antithrombin and antiplasmin are increased and decreased in a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) model, accounting for how SERPIN citrullination shifts the equilibrium toward thrombus formation. These data provide a direct link between increased citrullination and the risk of thrombosis in autoimmunity and indicate that aberrant SERPIN citrullination promotes pathological thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Tilvawala
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, LRB 826, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Venkatesh V Nemmara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, LRB 826, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Archie C Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, LRB 826, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nicoletta Sorvillo
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ari J Salinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, LRB 826, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Saeko Fukui
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Gutch
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Denisa Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, LRB 826, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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4
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Varjú I, Sorvillo N, Cherpokova D, Farkas ÁZ, Farkas VJ, Komorowicz E, Feller T, Kiss B, Kellermayer MZ, Szabó L, Wacha A, Bóta A, Longstaff C, Wagner DD, Kolev K. Citrullinated Fibrinogen Renders Clots Mechanically Less Stable, but Lysis-Resistant. Circ Res 2021; 129:342-344. [PMID: 34037437 PMCID: PMC8260470 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imre Varjú
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (I.V., N.S., D.C., D.D.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (I.V., N.S., D.C., D.D.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry (I.V., Á.Z.F., V.J.F., E.K., L.S., K.K.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY (I.V.)
| | - Nicoletta Sorvillo
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (I.V., N.S., D.C., D.D.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (I.V., N.S., D.C., D.D.W.)
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (I.V., N.S., D.C., D.D.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (I.V., N.S., D.C., D.D.W.)
| | - Ádám Z Farkas
- Department of Biochemistry (I.V., Á.Z.F., V.J.F., E.K., L.S., K.K.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika J Farkas
- Department of Biochemistry (I.V., Á.Z.F., V.J.F., E.K., L.S., K.K.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Komorowicz
- Department of Biochemistry (I.V., Á.Z.F., V.J.F., E.K., L.S., K.K.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Feller
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology (T.F., B.K., M.Z.K.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kiss
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology (T.F., B.K., M.Z.K.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Z Kellermayer
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology (T.F., B.K., M.Z.K.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry (I.V., Á.Z.F., V.J.F., E.K., L.S., K.K.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Functional and Structural Materials (L.S.), Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Wacha
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group (A.W., A.B.), Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Bóta
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group (A.W., A.B.), Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Colin Longstaff
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, United Kingdom (C.L.)
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (I.V., N.S., D.C., D.D.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (I.V., N.S., D.C., D.D.W.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (D.D.W.)
| | - Krasimir Kolev
- Department of Biochemistry (I.V., Á.Z.F., V.J.F., E.K., L.S., K.K.), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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5
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Münzer P, Negro R, Fukui S, di Meglio L, Aymonnier K, Chu L, Cherpokova D, Gutch S, Sorvillo N, Shi L, Magupalli VG, Weber ANR, Scharf RE, Waterman CM, Wu H, Wagner DD. NLRP3 Inflammasome Assembly in Neutrophils Is Supported by PAD4 and Promotes NETosis Under Sterile Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683803. [PMID: 34122445 PMCID: PMC8195330 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) and the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome assembly are associated with a similar spectrum of human disorders. While NETosis is known to be regulated by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in NETosis was not addressed. Here, we establish that under sterile conditions the cannonical NLRP3 inflammasome participates in NETosis. We show apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) speck assembly and caspase-1 cleavage in stimulated mouse neutrophils without LPS priming. PAD4 was needed for optimal NLRP3 inflammasome assembly by regulating NLRP3 and ASC protein levels post-transcriptionally. Genetic ablation of NLRP3 signaling resulted in impaired NET formation, because NLRP3 supported both nuclear envelope and plasma membrane rupture. Pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 in either mouse or human neutrophils also diminished NETosis. Finally, NLRP3 deficiency resulted in a lower density of NETs in thrombi produced by a stenosis-induced mouse model of deep vein thrombosis. Altogether, our results indicate a PAD4-dependent formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in neutrophils and implicate NLRP3 in NETosis under noninfectious conditions in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Münzer
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Roberto Negro
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shoichi Fukui
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lucas di Meglio
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States.,Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, U1148 INSERM University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Karen Aymonnier
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Long Chu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah Gutch
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicoletta Sorvillo
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lai Shi
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Venkat Giri Magupalli
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexander N R Weber
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger E Scharf
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Experimental and Clinical Hemostasis, Hemotherapy, and Transfusion Medicine, and Hemophilia Comprehensive Care Center, Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapy, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States.,Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hao Wu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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6
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Heib T, Hermanns HM, Manukjan G, Englert M, Kusch C, Becker IC, Gerber A, Wackerbarth LM, Burkard P, Dandekar T, Balkenhol J, Jahn D, Beck S, Meub M, Dütting S, Stigloher C, Sauer M, Cherpokova D, Schulze H, Brakebusch C, Nieswandt B, Nagy Z, Pleines I. RhoA/Cdc42 signaling drives cytoplasmic maturation but not endomitosis in megakaryocytes. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109102. [PMID: 33979620 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs), the precursors of blood platelets, are large, polyploid cells residing mainly in the bone marrow. We have previously shown that balanced signaling of the Rho GTPases RhoA and Cdc42 is critical for correct MK localization at bone marrow sinusoids in vivo. Using conditional RhoA/Cdc42 double-knockout (DKO) mice, we reveal here that RhoA/Cdc42 signaling is dispensable for the process of polyploidization in MKs but essential for cytoplasmic MK maturation. Proplatelet formation is virtually abrogated in the absence of RhoA/Cdc42 and leads to severe macrothrombocytopenia in DKO animals. The MK maturation defect is associated with downregulation of myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) and β1-tubulin, as well as an upregulation of LIM kinase 1 and cofilin-1 at both the mRNA and protein level and can be linked to impaired MKL1/SRF signaling. Our findings demonstrate that MK endomitosis and cytoplasmic maturation are separately regulated processes, and the latter is critically controlled by RhoA/Cdc42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heib
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike M Hermanns
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hepatology Research Laboratory, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georgi Manukjan
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Englert
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charly Kusch
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Carlotta Becker
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annika Gerber
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lou Martha Wackerbarth
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Burkard
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Balkenhol
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hepatology Research Laboratory, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Jahn
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hepatology Research Laboratory, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Beck
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mara Meub
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dütting
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Stigloher
- Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Zoltan Nagy
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Irina Pleines
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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7
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DeRoo E, Martinod K, Cherpokova D, Fuchs T, Cifuni S, Chu L, Staudinger C, Wagner DD. The role of platelets in thrombus fibrosis and vessel wall remodeling after venous thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:387-399. [PMID: 33058430 PMCID: PMC8530247 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Platelets are known to play an important role in venous thrombogenesis, but their role in thrombus maturation, resolution, and postthrombotic vein wall remodeling is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the role that circulating platelets play in the later phases of venous thrombosis. METHODS We used a murine inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis model. Baseline studies in untreated mice were performed to determine an optimal postthrombotic time point for tissue harvest that would capture both thrombus maturation/resolution and postthrombotic vein wall remodeling. This time point was found to be postoperative day 10. After undergoing IVC ultrasound on day 2 to confirm venous thrombus formation, mice were treated with a daily injection of platelet-depleting antibody (anti-GP1bα) to maintain thrombocytopenia or with control IgG until postoperative day 10, at which time IVC and thrombi were harvested and thrombus length, volume, fibrosis, neovascularization, and smooth muscle cell invasion analyzed. Vein wall fibrosis and intimal thickening were also determined. RESULTS Mice that were made thrombocytopenic after venous thrombogenesis had thrombi that were less fibrotic, with fewer invading smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, thrombocytopenia in the setting of venous thrombosis resulted in less postthrombotic vein wall intimal thickening. Thrombus volume did not differ between thrombocytopenic mice and their control peers. CONCLUSIONS This work suggests that circulating platelets contribute to venous thrombus maturation, fibrosis, and adverse vein wall remodeling, and that that inhibition of platelet recruitment may decrease thrombus and vein wall fibrosis, thus helping thrombolysis and preventing postthrombotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise DeRoo
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Fuchs
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Cifuni
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Long Chu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caleb Staudinger
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Denisa D. Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Herrmann S, Doerr B, May F, Kuehnemuth B, Cherpokova D, Herzog E, Dickneite G, Nolte MW. Tissue distribution of rIX-FP after intravenous application to rodents. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:3194-3202. [PMID: 32810892 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemophilia B is caused by coagulation factor IX (FIX) deficiency. Recombinant fusion protein linking coagulation FIX with recombinant albumin (rIX-FP; Idelvion® ) is used for replacement therapy with an extended half-life. A previous quantitative whole-body autoradiography (QWBA) study investigating the biodistribution of rIX-FP indicated equal biodistribution, but more prolonged tissue retention compared with a marketed recombinant FIX product. OBJECTIVES To complete and confirm the QWBA study data by directly measuring rIX-FP protein and activity levels in tissues following intravenous (i.v.) administration to normal rats and FIX-deficient (hemophilia B) mice. METHODS After i.v. administration of rIX-FP at a dose of 2000 IU/kg, animals were euthanized at specific time points up to 72 hours postdosing. Subsequently, plasma and various tissues, which were selected based on the previous QWBA results, were harvested and analyzed for FIX antigen levels using an ELISA (both species) or an immunohistochemistry method (mice only), as well as for FIX activity levels (mice only) using a chromogenic assay. RESULTS In rats, rIX-FP distributed extravascularly into all tissues analyzed (ie, liver, kidney, skin and knee) with peak antigen levels reached between 1 and 7 hours postdosing. In hemophilia B mice, rIX-FP tissue distribution was comparable to rats. FIX antigen levels correlated well with FIX activity readouts. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm QWBA data showing that rIX-FP distributes into relevant target tissues. Importantly, it was demonstrated that rIX-FP available in tissues retains its functional activity and can thus facilitate its therapeutic activity at sites of potential injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baerbel Doerr
- Research Marburg, CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frauke May
- Research Marburg, CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Eva Herzog
- Research Marburg, CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Marc W Nolte
- Research Marburg, CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany
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9
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Wolach O, Sellar RS, Martinod K, Cherpokova D, McConkey M, Chappell RJ, Silver AJ, Adams D, Castellano CA, Schneider RK, Padera RF, DeAngelo DJ, Wadleigh M, Steensma DP, Galinsky I, Stone RM, Genovese G, McCarroll SA, Iliadou B, Hultman C, Neuberg D, Mullally A, Wagner DD, Ebert BL. Increased neutrophil extracellular trap formation promotes thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/436/eaan8292. [PMID: 29643232 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan8292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), clonal disorders of hematopoiesis characterized by activated Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, a component of innate immunity, has been linked to thrombosis. We demonstrate that neutrophils from patients with MPNs are primed for NET formation, an effect blunted by pharmacological inhibition of JAK signaling. Mice with conditional knock-in of Jak2V617F, the most common molecular driver of MPN, have an increased propensity for NET formation and thrombosis. Inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling with the clinically available JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib abrogated NET formation and reduced thrombosis in a deep vein stenosis murine model. We further show that expression of PAD4, a protein required for NET formation, is increased in JAK2V617F-expressing neutrophils and that PAD4 is required for Jak2V617F-driven NET formation and thrombosis in vivo. Finally, in a population study of more than 10,000 individuals without a known myeloid disorder, JAK2V617F-positive clonal hematopoiesis was associated with an increased incidence of thrombosis. In aggregate, our results link JAK2V617F expression to NET formation and thrombosis and suggest that JAK2 inhibition may reduce thrombosis in MPNs through cell-intrinsic effects on neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Wolach
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 49100, Israel
| | - Rob S Sellar
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK.,Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marie McConkey
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan J Chappell
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander J Silver
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dylan Adams
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 2040, Netherlands
| | - Robert F Padera
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel J DeAngelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martha Wadleigh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David P Steensma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ilene Galinsky
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard M Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giulio Genovese
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven A McCarroll
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bozenna Iliadou
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Christina Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. .,Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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10
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Abstract
Neutrophils play a central role in innate immune defense. Advances in neutrophil biology have brought to light the capacity of neutrophils to release their decondensed chromatin and form large extracellular DNA networks called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are produced in response to many infectious and noninfectious stimuli and, together with fibrin, block the invasion of pathogens. However, their formation in inflamed blood vessels produces a scaffold that supports thrombosis, generates neo-antigens favoring autoimmunity, and aggravates damage in ischemia/reperfusion injury. NET formation can also be induced by cancer and promotes tumor progression. Formation of NETs within organs can be immediately detrimental, such as in lung alveoli, where they affect respiration, or they can be harmful over longer periods of time. For example, NETs initiate excessive deposition of collagen, resulting in fibrosis, thus likely contributing to heart failure. Here, we summarize the latest knowledge on NET generation and discuss how excessive NET formation mediates propagation of thrombosis and inflammation and, thereby, contributes to various diseases. There are many ways in which NET formation could be averted or NETs neutralized to prevent their detrimental consequences, and we will provide an overview of these possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Sorvillo
- From the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.S., D.C., D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.S., D.C., D.D.W.)
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- From the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.S., D.C., D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.S., D.C., D.D.W.)
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Belgium (K.M.)
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- From the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.S., D.C., D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology (D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.S., D.C., D.D.W.)
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11
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Sorvillo N, Mizurini DM, Coxon C, Martinod K, Tilvawala R, Cherpokova D, Salinger AJ, Seward RJ, Staudinger C, Weerapana E, Shapiro NI, Costello CE, Thompson PR, Wagner DD. Plasma Peptidylarginine Deiminase IV Promotes VWF-Platelet String Formation and Accelerates Thrombosis After Vessel Injury. Circ Res 2019; 125:507-519. [PMID: 31248335 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE PAD4 (peptidylarginine deiminase type IV), an enzyme essential for neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis), is released together with neutrophil extracellular traps into the extracellular milieu. It citrullinates histones and holds the potential to citrullinate other protein targets. While NETosis is implicated in thrombosis, the impact of the released PAD4 is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study tests the hypothesis that extracellular PAD4, released during inflammatory responses, citrullinates plasma proteins, thus affecting thrombus formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show that injection of r-huPAD4 in vivo induces the formation of VWF (von Willebrand factor)-platelet strings in mesenteric venules and that this is dependent on PAD4 enzymatic activity. VWF-platelet strings are naturally cleaved by ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type-1 motif-13). We detected a reduction of endogenous ADAMTS13 activity in the plasma of wild-type mice injected with r-huPAD4. Using mass spectrometry and in vitro studies, we found that r-huPAD4 citrullinates ADAMTS13 on specific arginine residues and that this modification dramatically inhibits ADAMTS13 enzymatic activity. Elevated citrullination of ADAMTS13 was observed in plasma samples of patients with sepsis or noninfected patients who were elderly (eg, age >65 years) and had underlying comorbidities (eg, diabetes mellitus and hypertension) as compared with healthy donors. This shows that ADAMTS13 is citrullinated in vivo. VWF-platelet strings that form on venules of Adamts13-/- mice were immediately cleared after injection of r-huADAMTS13, while they persisted in vessels of mice injected with citrullinated r-huADAMTS13. Next, we assessed the effect of extracellular PAD4 on platelet-plug formation after ferric chloride-induced injury of mesenteric venules. Administration of r-huPAD4 decreased time to vessel occlusion and significantly reduced thrombus embolization. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that PAD4 in circulation reduces VWF-platelet string clearance and accelerates the formation of a stable platelet plug after vessel injury. We propose that this effect is, at least in part, due to ADAMTS13 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Sorvillo
- From the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., C.S., D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., D.D.W.)
| | - Daniella M Mizurini
- From the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., C.S., D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., D.D.W.)
| | - Carmen Coxon
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Headington, United Kingdom (C.C.)
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- From the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., C.S., D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., D.D.W.)
| | - Ronak Tilvawala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA (R.T., A.J.S., P.R.T.)
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- From the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., C.S., D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., D.D.W.)
| | - Ari J Salinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA (R.T., A.J.S., P.R.T.)
| | - Robert J Seward
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.J.S., C.E.C.)
| | - Caleb Staudinger
- From the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., C.S., D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA
| | | | - Nathan I Shapiro
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (N.I.S.)
| | - Catherine E Costello
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.J.S., C.E.C.)
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA (R.T., A.J.S., P.R.T.)
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- From the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., C.S., D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology (D.D.W.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.S., D.M.M., K.M., D.C., D.D.W.)
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Pleines
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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13
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Gupta S, Cherpokova D, Spindler M, Morowski M, Bender M, Nieswandt B. GPVI signaling is compromised in newly formed platelets after acute thrombocytopenia in mice. Blood 2018; 131:1106-1110. [PMID: 29295843 PMCID: PMC5863702 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
At sites of vascular injury, exposed subendothelial collagens trigger platelet activation and thrombus formation by interacting with the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-coupled glycoprotein VI (GPVI) on the platelet surface. Platelets are derived from the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes (MKs), which extend large proplatelets into bone marrow (BM) sinusoids that are then released into the bloodstream, where final platelet sizing and maturation occurs. The mechanisms that prevent activation of MKs and forming proplatelets in the collagen-rich BM environment remain largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate that newly formed young platelets (NFYPs) released after antibody-mediated thrombocytopenia in mice display a severe and highly selective signaling defect downstream of GPVI resulting in impaired collagen-dependent activation and thrombus formation in vitro and in vivo. The diminished GPVI signaling in NFYPs is linked to reduced phosphorylation of key downstream signaling proteins, including Syk, LAT, and phospholipase Cγ2, whereas the G protein-coupled receptor and C-type lectin-like receptor 2 signaling pathways remained unaffected. This GPVI signaling defect was overcome once the platelet counts were restored to normal in the circulation. Overall, these results indicate that the GPVI-ITAM signaling machinery in NFYPs after antibody-mediated thrombocytopenia only becomes fully functional in the blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Gupta
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; and
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Markus Spindler
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martina Morowski
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Vögtle T, Cherpokova D, Bender M, Nieswandt B. Targeting platelet receptors in thrombotic and thrombo-inflammatory disorders. Hamostaseologie 2017; 35:235-43. [DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-10-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryPlatelet activation at sites of vascular injury is critical for the formation of a hemostatic plug which limits excessive blood loss, but also represents a major pathomechanism of ischemic cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. Although currently available antiplatelet therapies have proved beneficial in preventing the recurrence of vascular events, their adverse effects on primary hemostasis emphasize the necessity to identify and characterize novel pharmacological targets for platelet inhibition. Increasing experimental evidence has suggested that several major platelet surface receptors which regulate initial steps of platelet adhesion and activation may become promising new targets for anti-platelet drugs due to their involvement in thrombotic and thrombo-inflammatory signaling cascades.This review summarizes recent developments in understanding the function of glycoprotein (GP)Ib, GPVI and the C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) in hemostasis, arterial thrombosis and thrombo-inflammation and will discuss the suitability of the receptors as novel targets to treat these diseases in humans.
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15
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Hayashi H, Cherpokova D, Martinod K, Witsch T, Wong SL, Gallant M, Cifuni SM, Guarente LP, Wagner DD. Sirt3 deficiency does not affect venous thrombosis or NETosis despite mild elevation of intracellular ROS in platelets and neutrophils in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188341. [PMID: 29236713 PMCID: PMC5728566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a common denominator in chronic diseases of aging. Yet, how inflammation fuels these diseases remains unknown. Neutrophils are the primary leukocytes involved in the early phase of innate immunity and inflammation. As part of their anti-microbial defense, neutrophils form extracellular traps (NETs) by releasing decondensed chromatin lined with cytotoxic proteins. NETs have been shown to induce tissue injury and thrombosis. Here, we demonstrated that Sirt3, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylase, an enzyme linked to human longevity, was expressed in mouse neutrophils and platelets. Using Sirt3-/- mice as a model of accelerated aging, we investigated the effects of Sirt3 deficiency on NETosis and platelet function, aiming to detect enhancement of thrombosis. More mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were generated in neutrophils and platelets of Sirt3-/- mice compared to WT, when stimulated with a low concentration of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and a high concentration of thrombin, respectively. There were no differences in in vitro NETosis, with or without stimulation. Platelet aggregation was mildly augmented in Sirt3-/- mice compared to WT mice, when stimulated with a low concentration of collagen. The effect of Sirt3 deficiency on platelet and neutrophil activation in vivo was examined by the venous thrombosis model of inferior vena cava stenosis. Elevation of plasma DNA concentration was observed after stenosis in both genotypes, but no difference was shown between the two genotypes. The systemic response to thrombosis was enhanced in Sirt3-/- mice with significantly elevated neutrophil count and reduced platelet count. However, no differences were observed in incidence of thrombus formation, thrombus weight and thrombin-antithrombin complex generation between WT and Sirt3-/- mice. We conclude that Sirt3 does not considerably impact NET formation, platelet function, or venous thrombosis in healthy young mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hayashi
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thilo Witsch
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Siu Ling Wong
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maureen Gallant
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Cifuni
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leonard P. Guarente
- Department of Biology, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Science of Aging, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Denisa D. Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Dütting S, Gaits-Iacovoni F, Stegner D, Popp M, Antkowiak A, van Eeuwijk JMM, Nurden P, Stritt S, Heib T, Aurbach K, Angay O, Cherpokova D, Heinz N, Baig AA, Gorelashvili MG, Gerner F, Heinze KG, Ware J, Krohne G, Ruggeri ZM, Nurden AT, Schulze H, Modlich U, Pleines I, Brakebusch C, Nieswandt B. A Cdc42/RhoA regulatory circuit downstream of glycoprotein Ib guides transendothelial platelet biogenesis. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28643773 PMCID: PMC5481742 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood platelets are produced by large bone marrow (BM) precursor cells, megakaryocytes (MKs), which extend cytoplasmic protrusions (proplatelets) into BM sinusoids. The molecular cues that control MK polarization towards sinusoids and limit transendothelial crossing to proplatelets remain unknown. Here, we show that the small GTPases Cdc42 and RhoA act as a regulatory circuit downstream of the MK-specific mechanoreceptor GPIb to coordinate polarized transendothelial platelet biogenesis. Functional deficiency of either GPIb or Cdc42 impairs transendothelial proplatelet formation. In the absence of RhoA, increased Cdc42 activity and MK hyperpolarization triggers GPIb-dependent transmigration of entire MKs into BM sinusoids. These findings position Cdc42 (go-signal) and RhoA (stop-signal) at the centre of a molecular checkpoint downstream of GPIb that controls transendothelial platelet biogenesis. Our results may open new avenues for the treatment of platelet production disorders and help to explain the thrombocytopenia in patients with Bernard-Soulier syndrome, a bleeding disorder caused by defects in GPIb-IX-V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dütting
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frederique Gaits-Iacovoni
- INSERM UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires-I2MC, UMR1048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Popp
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Adrien Antkowiak
- INSERM UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires-I2MC, UMR1048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Judith M M van Eeuwijk
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paquita Nurden
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire LIRYC, Plateforme Technologique d'Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33604 Pessac, France
| | - Simon Stritt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Heib
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katja Aurbach
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oguzhan Angay
- Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Niels Heinz
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main and the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Ayesha A Baig
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian G Gorelashvili
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Gerner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin G Heinze
- Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jerry Ware
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, Arkansass 72205, USA
| | - Georg Krohne
- Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zaverio M Ruggeri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Alan T Nurden
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire LIRYC, Plateforme Technologique d'Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33604 Pessac, France
| | - Harald Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ute Modlich
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main and the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Irina Pleines
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- BRIC, Biomedical Institute, University of Copenhagen, Nørregade 10, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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17
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Martinod K, Witsch T, Erpenbeck L, Savchenko A, Hayashi H, Cherpokova D, Gallant M, Mauler M, Cifuni SM, Wagner DD. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 promotes age-related organ fibrosis. J Exp Med 2016; 214:439-458. [PMID: 28031479 PMCID: PMC5294849 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) citrullinates proteins. In neutrophils, it causes chromatin decondensation and release of NETs, which are injurious. Martinod et al. show in this study that NETs promote fibrosis in a cardiac model and that PAD4-deficient mice have reduced age-related organ fibrosis. Aging promotes inflammation, a process contributing to fibrosis and decline in organ function. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs [NETosis]), orchestrated by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), damages organs in acute inflammatory models. We determined that NETosis is more prevalent in aged mice and investigated the role of PAD4/NETs in age-related organ fibrosis. Reduction in fibrosis was seen in the hearts and lungs of aged PAD4−/− mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. An increase in left ventricular interstitial collagen deposition and a decline in systolic and diastolic function were present only in WT mice, and not in PAD4−/− mice. In an experimental model of cardiac fibrosis, cardiac pressure overload induced NETosis and significant platelet recruitment in WT but not PAD4−/− myocardium. DNase 1 was given to assess the effects of extracellular chromatin. PAD4 deficiency or DNase 1 similarly protected hearts from fibrosis. We propose a role for NETs in cardiac fibrosis and conclude that PAD4 regulates age-related organ fibrosis and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Martinod
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Thilo Witsch
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Alexander Savchenko
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Maureen Gallant
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Maximilian Mauler
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephen M Cifuni
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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18
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Dütting S, Heidenreich J, Cherpokova D, Amin E, Zhang SC, Ahmadian MR, Brakebusch C, Nieswandt B. Critical off-target effects of the widely used Rac1 inhibitors NSC23766 and EHT1864 in mouse platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:827-38. [PMID: 25628054 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet aggregation at sites of vascular injury is essential for normal hemostasis, but may also cause pathologic vessel occlusion. Rho GTPases are molecular switches that regulate essential cellular processes, and they have pivotal functions in the cardiovascular system. Rac1 is an important regulator of platelet cytoskeletal reorganization, and contributes to platelet activation. Rac1 inhibitors are thought to be beneficial in a wide range of therapeutic settings, and have therefore been tested in vivo for a variety of disorders. Two small-molecule inhibitors, NSC23766 and EHT1864, have been characterized in different cell types, demonstrating high specificity for Rac1 and Rac, respectively. OBJECTIVES To analyze the specificity of NSC23766 and EHT1864. METHODS Platelet function was assessed in mouse wild-type and Rac1-deficient platelets by the use of flow cytometric analysis of cellular activation and aggregometry. Platelet spreading was analyzed with differential interference contrast microscopy, and activation of effector molecules was analyzed with biochemical approaches. RESULTS NSC23766 and EHT1864 showed strong and distinct Rac1-independent effects at 100 μm in platelet function tests. Both inhibitors induced Rac1-specific inhibition of platelet spreading, but also markedly impaired agonist-induced activation of Rac1(-/-) platelets. Furthermore, glycoprotein Ib-mediated signaling was dramatically inhibited by NSC23766 in both wild-type and Rac1-deficient platelets. Importantly, these inhibitors directly affected the activation of the Rac1 effectors p21-activated kinase (PAK)1 and PAK2. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal critical off-target effects of NSC23766 and EHT1864 at 100 μm in mammalian cells, raising questions about their utility as specific Rac1/Rac inhibitors in biochemical studies at these concentrations and possibly as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dütting
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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19
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Deppermann C, Cherpokova D, Nurden P, Schulz JN, Thielmann I, Kraft P, Vögtle T, Kleinschnitz C, Dütting S, Krohne G, Eming SA, Nurden AT, Eckes B, Stoll G, Stegner D, Nieswandt B. Gray platelet syndrome and defective thrombo-inflammation in Nbeal2-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:69210. [PMID: 23863626 PMCID: PMC4011026 DOI: 10.1172/jci69210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anuclear organelle-rich cell fragments derived from bone marrow megakaryocytes (MKs) that safeguard vascular integrity. The major platelet organelles, α-granules, release proteins that participate in thrombus formation and hemostasis. Proteins stored in α-granules are also thought to play a role in inflammation and wound healing, but their functional significance in vivo is unknown. Mutations in NBEAL2 have been linked to gray platelet syndrome (GPS), a rare bleeding disorder characterized by macrothrombocytopenia, with platelets lacking α-granules. Here we show that Nbeal2-knockout mice display the characteristics of human GPS, with defective α-granule biogenesis in MKs and their absence from platelets. Nbeal2 deficiency did not affect MK differentiation and proplatelet formation in vitro or platelet life span in vivo. Nbeal2-deficient platelets displayed impaired adhesion, aggregation, and coagulant activity ex vivo that translated into defective arterial thrombus formation and protection from thrombo-inflammatory brain infarction following focal cerebral ischemia. In a model of excisional skin wound repair, Nbeal2-deficient mice exhibited impaired development of functional granulation tissue due to severely reduced differentiation of myofibroblasts in the absence of α-granule secretion. This study demonstrates that platelet α-granule constituents are critically required not only for hemostasis but also thrombosis, acute thrombo-inflammatory disease states, and tissue reconstitution after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Deppermann
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Deya Cherpokova
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paquita Nurden
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas Schulz
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina Thielmann
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Timo Vögtle
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dütting
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Georg Krohne
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine A. Eming
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alan T. Nurden
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Beate Eckes
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Guido Stoll
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Stegner
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany.
Plateforme Technologique et d’Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France.
Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Neurology and
Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine and
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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