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Lao Z, Ding LW, Sun QY, Jia L, Yan B, Ng AYJ, Capinpin SM, Wang R, Ying L, Chng WJ, Phillip Koeffler H, Koh WP, Yuan JM, Yang H, Goh YT, Grigoropoulos N. A Pre-Leukemic DNA Methylation Signature in Healthy Individuals at Higher Risk for Developing Myeloid Malignancy. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:2170-2180. [PMID: 38437679 PMCID: PMC11096012 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE DNA methylation alterations are widespread in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), some of which appear to have evolved independently of somatic mutations in epigenetic regulators. Although the presence of somatic mutations in peripheral blood can predict the risk of development of AML and MDS, its accuracy remains unsatisfactory. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed global DNA methylation profiling in a case control study nested within the Singapore Chinese Health Study to evaluate whether DNA methylation alterations were associated with AML/MDS development. Targeted deep sequencing and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq) were performed on peripheral blood collected a median of 9.9 years before diagnosis of AML or MDS, together with age-matched still-healthy individuals as controls. RESULTS Sixty-six individuals who developed AML or MDS displayed significant DNA methylation changes in the peripheral blood compared with 167 age- and gender-matched controls who did not develop AML/MDS during the follow-up period. Alterations in methylation in the differentially methylation regions were associated with increased odds of developing AML/MDS. CONCLUSIONS The epigenetic changes may be acquired independently and before somatic mutations that are relevant for AML/MDS development. The association between methylation changes and the risk of pre-AML/MDS in these individuals was considerably stronger than somatic mutations, suggesting that methylation changes could be used as biomarkers for pre-AML/MDS screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentang Lao
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling-Wen Ding
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Yong Yoo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore. Singapore
| | - Qiao-Yang Sun
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Li Jia
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benedict Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Sharah Mae Capinpin
- Healthy Longitudinal Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Li Ying
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research and Dept of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. USA
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yeow Tee Goh
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Zhao W, Li Y, Cheng H, Wang M, Zhang Z, Cai M, Zhao C, Xi X, Zhao X, Zhao W, Yang Y, Shao R. Myofibrillogenesis Regulator-1 Regulates the Ubiquitin Lysosomal Pathway of Notch3 Intracellular Domain Through E3 Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Itchy Homolog in the Metastasis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306472. [PMID: 38342606 PMCID: PMC11022719 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Myofibrillogenesis regulator-1 (MR-1) is a multifunctional protein involved in the development of various human tumors. The study is the first to report the promoting effect of MR-1 on the development and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MR-1 is upregulated in NSCLC and positively associated with poor prognosis. The overexpression of MR-1 promotes the metastasis of NSCLC cells by stabilizing the expression of Notch3-ICD (NICD3) in the cytoplasm through enrichment analysis, in vitro and in vivo experimental researches. And Notch3 signaling can upregulate many genes related to metastasis. The stabilizing effect of MR-1 on NICD3 is achieved through the mono-ubiquitin lysosomal pathway and the specific E3 ubiquitin ligase is Itchy homolog (ITCH). There is a certain interaction between MR-1 and NICD3. Elevated MR-1 can affect the level of ITCH phosphorylation, reduce its E3 enzyme activity, and thus lead to reduce the ubiquitination and degradation of NICD3. Interference with the interaction between MR-1 and NICD3 can increase the degradation of NICD3 and impair the metastatic ability of NSCLC cells, which is a previously overlooked treatment option in NSCLC. In summary, interference with the interaction between MR-1 and NICD3 in the progression of lung cancer may be a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
| | - Hanzeng Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia MedicaPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100050P. R. China
| | - Mengyan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
- Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510280P. R. China
| | - Zhishuo Zhang
- Department of EmergencyXinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai200092P. R. China
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110001P. R. China
| | - Meilian Cai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
| | - Cong Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Xi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia MedicaPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100050P. R. China
| | - Rongguang Shao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
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3
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Shin MJ, Kim HS, Lee P, Yang NG, Kim JY, Eun YS, Lee W, Kim D, Lee Y, Jung KE, Hong D, Shin JM, Lee SH, Lee SY, Kim CD, Kim JE. Mechanistic Investigation of WWOX Function in NF-kB-Induced Skin Inflammation in Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:167. [PMID: 38203337 PMCID: PMC10779412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by epidermal hyperproliferation, aberrant differentiation of keratinocytes, and dysregulated immune responses. WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is a non-classical tumor suppressor gene that regulates multiple cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. This study aimed to explore the possible role of WWOX in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of WWOX was increased in epidermal keratinocytes of both human psoriatic lesions and imiquimod-induced mice psoriatic model. Immortalized human epidermal keratinocytes were transduced with a recombinant adenovirus expressing microRNA specific for WWOX to downregulate its expression. Inflammatory responses were detected using Western blotting, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In human epidermal keratinocytes, WWOX knockdown reduced nuclear factor-kappa B signaling and levels of proinflammatory cytokines induced by polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid [(poly(I:C)] in vitro. Furthermore, calcium chelator and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors significantly reduced poly(I:C)-induced inflammatory reactions. WWOX plays a role in the inflammatory reaction of epidermal keratinocytes by regulating calcium and PKC signaling. Targeting WWOX could be a novel therapeutic approach for psoriasis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Shin
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea (N.-G.Y.)
| | - Hyun-Sun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Graduate School of Medicine, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea (P.L.)
| | - Pyeongan Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Soonchunhyang University Graduate School of Medicine, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea (P.L.)
| | - Na-Gyeong Yang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea (N.-G.Y.)
| | - Jae-Yun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea (N.-G.Y.)
| | - Yun-Su Eun
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea (N.-G.Y.)
| | - Whiin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea (N.-G.Y.)
| | - Doyeon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea (Y.L.)
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea (Y.L.)
| | - Kyung-Eun Jung
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea (Y.L.)
| | - Dongkyun Hong
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea (Y.L.)
| | - Jung-Min Shin
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea (Y.L.)
| | - Sul-Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yul Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea (N.-G.Y.)
| | - Chang-Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea (Y.L.)
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea (N.-G.Y.)
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Taouis K, Vacher S, Guirouilh-Barbat J, Camonis J, Formstecher E, Popova T, Hamy AS, Petitalot A, Lidereau R, Caputo SM, Zinn-Justin S, Bièche I, Driouch K, Lallemand F. WWOX binds MERIT40 and modulates its function in homologous recombination, implications in breast cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1144-1155. [PMID: 37248434 PMCID: PMC10425285 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene WWOX is localized in an unstable chromosomal region and its expression is decreased or absent in several types of cancer. A low expression of WWOX is associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer (BC). It has recently been shown that WWOX contributes to genome stability through its role in the DNA damage response (DDR). In breast cancer cells, WWOX inhibits homologous recombination (HR), and thus promotes the repair of DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The fine-tuning modulation of HR activity is crucial. Its under or overstimulation inducing genome alterations that can induce cancer. MERIT40 is a positive regulator of the DDR. This protein is indispensable for the function of the multi-protein complex BRCA1-A, which suppresses excessive HR activity. MERIT40 also recruits Tankyrase, a positive regulator of HR, to the DSBs to stimulate DNA repair. Here, we identified MERIT40 as a new molecular partner of WWOX. We demonstrated that WWOX inhibited excessive HR activity induced by overexpression of MERIT40. We showed that WWOX impaired the MERIT40-Tankyrase interaction preventing the role of the complex on DSBs. Furthermore, we found that MERIT40 is overexpressed in BC and that this overexpression is associated to a poor prognosis. These results strongly suggest that WWOX, through its interaction with MERIT40, prevents the deleterious impact of excessive HR on BC development by inhibiting MERIT40-Tankyrase association. This inhibitory effect of WWOX would oppose MERIT40-dependent BC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Taouis
- Service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Josée Guirouilh-Barbat
- Laboratoire Recombinaison-Réparation et Cancer UMR8200 Stabilité Génétique et Oncogenèse Institut Gustave Roussy, PR2, pièce 426114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Tatiana Popova
- Centre De Recherche, Institut Curie, Paris, F-75248, France
- INSERM U830, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hamy
- Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, Translational Research Department, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, University Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- University Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ambre Petitalot
- Service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France
| | - Rosette Lidereau
- Service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine M Caputo
- Service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Zinn-Justin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'observatoire, Paris, France
| | - Keltouma Driouch
- Service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France
- Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - François Lallemand
- Service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France.
- Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Paris, France.
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Kołat D, Kałuzińska-Kołat Ż, Kośla K, Orzechowska M, Płuciennik E, Bednarek AK. LINC01137/miR-186-5p/WWOX: a novel axis identified from WWOX-related RNA interactome in bladder cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1214968. [PMID: 37519886 PMCID: PMC10373930 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1214968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The discovery of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) dates back to the pre-genomics era, but the progress in this field is still dynamic and leverages current post-genomics solutions. WWOX is a global gene expression modulator that is scarcely investigated for its role in regulating cancer-related ncRNAs. In bladder cancer (BLCA), the link between WWOX and ncRNA remains unexplored. The description of AP-2α and AP-2γ transcription factors, known as WWOX-interacting proteins, is more commonplace regarding ncRNA but still merits investigation. Therefore, this in vitro and in silico study aimed to construct an ncRNA-containing network with WWOX/AP-2 and to investigate the most relevant observation in the context of BLCA cell lines and patients. Methods: RT-112, HT-1376, and CAL-29 cell lines were subjected to two stable lentiviral transductions. High-throughput sequencing of cellular variants (deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus database under the GSE193659 record) enabled the investigation of WWOX/AP-2-dependent differences using various bioinformatics tools (e.g., limma-voom, FactoMineR, multiple Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (mSVM-RFE), miRDB, Arena-Idb, ncFANs, RNAhybrid, TargetScan, Protein Annotation Through Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER), Gene Transcription Regulation Database (GTRD), or Evaluate Cutpoints) and repositories such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. The most relevant observations from cap analysis gene expression sequencing (CAGE-seq) were confirmed using real-time PCR, whereas TCGA data were validated using the GSE31684 cohort. Results: The first stage of the whole study justified focusing solely on WWOX rather than on WWOX combined with AP-2α/γ. The most relevant observation of the developed ncRNA-containing network was LINC01137, i.e., long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that unraveled the core network containing UPF1, ZC3H12A, LINC01137, WWOX, and miR-186-5p, the last three being a novel lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis. Patients' data confirmed the LINC01137/miR-186-5p/WWOX relationship and provided a set of dependent genes (i.e., KRT18, HES1, VCP, FTH1, IFITM3, RAB34, and CLU). Together with the core network, the gene set was subjected to survival analysis for both TCGA-BLCA and GSE31684 patients, which indicated that the increased expression of WWOX or LINC01137 is favorable, similar to their combination with each other (WWOX↑ and LINC01137↑) or with MIR186 (WWOX↑/LINC01137↑ but MIR186↓). Conclusion: WWOX is implicated in the positive feedback loop with LINC01137 that sponges WWOX-targeting miR-186-5p. This novel WWOX-containing lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis should be further investigated to depict its relationships in a broader context, which could contribute to BLCA research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Kołat
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Kośla
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | - Andrzej K. Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Husanie H, Abu-Remaileh M, Maroun K, Abu-Tair L, Safadi H, Atlan K, Golan T, Aqeilan RI. Loss of tumor suppressor WWOX accelerates pancreatic cancer development through promotion of TGFβ/BMP2 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1074. [PMID: 36572673 PMCID: PMC9792466 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers, owing to its late diagnosis and resistance to chemotherapy. The tumor suppressor WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), one of the most active fragile sites in the human genome (FRA16D), is commonly altered in pancreatic cancer. However, the direct contribution of WWOX loss to pancreatic cancer development and progression remains largely unknown. Here, we report that combined conditional deletion of Wwox and activation of KRasG12D in Ptf1a-CreER-expressing mice results in accelerated formation of precursor lesions and pancreatic carcinoma. At the molecular level, we found that WWOX physically interacts with SMAD3 and BMP2, which are known activators of the TGF-β signaling pathway. In the absence of WWOX, TGFβ/BMPs signaling was enhanced, leading to increased macrophage infiltration and enhanced cancer stemness. Finally, overexpression of WWOX in patient-derived xenografts led to diminished aggressiveness both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our findings reveal an essential role of WWOX in pancreatic cancer development and progression and underscore its role as a bona fide tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Husanie
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muhannad Abu-Remaileh
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kian Maroun
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lina Abu-Tair
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hazem Safadi
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karine Atlan
- grid.17788.310000 0001 2221 2926Department of Pathology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Talia Golan
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rami I. Aqeilan
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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7
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WWOX Controls Cell Survival, Immune Response and Disease Progression by pY33 to pS14 Transition to Alternate Signaling Partners. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142137. [PMID: 35883580 PMCID: PMC9323965 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor WWOX inhibits cancer growth and retards Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. Supporting evidence shows that the more strongly WWOX binds intracellular protein partners, the weaker is cancer cell growth in vivo. Whether this correlates with retardation of AD progression is unknown. Two functional forms of WWOX exhibit opposite functions. pY33-WWOX is proapoptotic and anticancer, and is essential for maintaining normal physiology. In contrast, pS14-WWOX is accumulated in the lesions of cancers and AD brains, and suppression of WWOX phosphorylation at S14 by a short peptide Zfra abolishes cancer growth and retardation of AD progression. In parallel, synthetic Zfra4-10 or WWOX7-21 peptide strengthens the binding of endogenous WWOX with intracellular protein partners leading to cancer suppression. Indeed, Zfra4-10 is potent in restoring memory loss in triple transgenic mice for AD (3xTg) by blocking the aggregation of amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42), enhancing degradation of aggregated proteins, and inhibiting activation of inflammatory NF-κB. In light of the findings, Zfra4-10-mediated suppression of cancer and AD is due, in part, to an enhanced binding of endogenous WWOX and its binding partners. In this perspective review article, we detail the molecular action of WWOX in the HYAL-2/WWOX/SMAD4 signaling for biological effects, and discuss WWOX phosphorylation forms in interacting with binding partners, leading to suppression of cancer growth and retardation of AD progression.
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Rotem-Bamberger S, Fahoum J, Keinan-Adamsky K, Tsaban T, Avraham O, Shalev DE, Chill JH, Schueler-Furman O. Structural insights into the role of the WW2 domain on tandem WW/PPxY-motif interactions of oxidoreductase WWOX. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102145. [PMID: 35716775 PMCID: PMC9293652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I WW domains are present in many proteins of various functions and mediate protein interactions by binding to short linear PPxY motifs. Tandem WW domains often bind peptides with multiple PPxY motifs, but the interplay of WW–peptide interactions is not always intuitive. The WW domain–containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) harbors two WW domains: an unstable WW1 capable of PPxY binding and stable WW2 that cannot bind PPxY. The WW2 domain has been suggested to act as a WW1 domain chaperone, but the underlying mechanism of its chaperone activity remains to be revealed. Here, we combined NMR, isothermal calorimetry, and structural modeling to elucidate the roles of both WW domains in WWOX binding to its PPxY-containing substrate ErbB4. Using NMR, we identified an interaction surface between these two domains that supports a WWOX conformation compatible with peptide substrate binding. Isothermal calorimetry and NMR measurements also indicated that while binding affinity to a single PPxY motif is marginally increased in the presence of WW2, affinity to a dual-motif peptide increases 10-fold. Furthermore, we found WW2 can directly bind double-motif peptides using its canonical binding site. Finally, differential binding of peptides in mutagenesis experiments was consistent with a parallel N- to C-terminal PPxY tandem motif orientation in binding to the WW1–WW2 tandem domain, validating structural models of the interaction. Taken together, our results reveal the complex nature of tandem WW-domain organization and substrate binding, highlighting the contribution of WWOX WW2 to both protein stability and target binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Rotem-Bamberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jamal Fahoum
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Tomer Tsaban
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Avraham
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Deborah E Shalev
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Azrieli College of Engineering, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jordan H Chill
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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9
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Tsunoda T, Riku M, Yamada N, Tsuchiya H, Tomita T, Suzuki M, Kizuki M, Inoko A, Ito H, Murotani K, Murakami H, Saeki Y, Kasai K. ENTREP/FAM189A2 encodes a new ITCH ubiquitin ligase activator that is downregulated in breast cancer. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e51182. [PMID: 34927784 PMCID: PMC8811627 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The HECT-type ubiquitin E3 ligases including ITCH regulate many aspects of cellular function through ubiquitinating various substrates. These ligases are known to be allosterically autoinhibited and to require an activator protein to fully achieve the ubiquitination of their substrates. Here we demonstrate that FAM189A2, a downregulated gene in breast cancer, encodes a new type of ITCH activator. FAM189A2 is a transmembrane protein harboring PPxY motifs, and the motifs mediate its association with and ubiquitination by ITCH. FAM189A2 also associates with Epsin and accumulates in early and late endosomes along with ITCH. Intriguingly, FAM189A2 facilitates the association of a chemokine receptor CXCR4 with ITCH and enhances ITCH-mediated ubiquitination of CXCR4. FAM189A2-knockout prohibits CXCL12-induced endocytosis of CXCR4, thereby enhancing the effects of CXCL12 on the chemotaxis and mammosphere formation of breast cancer cells. In comparison to other activators or adaptors known in the previous studies, FAM189A2 is a unique activator for ITCH to desensitize CXCR4 activity, and we here propose that FAM189A2 be renamed as ENdosomal TRansmembrane binding with EPsin (ENTREP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Tsunoda
- Department of PathologyAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Miho Riku
- Department of PathologyAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Norika Yamada
- Department of PathologyAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Hikaru Tsuchiya
- Protein Metabolism ProjectTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Takuya Tomita
- Protein Metabolism ProjectTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Minako Suzuki
- Department of PathologyAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Mari Kizuki
- Department of PathologyAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Akihito Inoko
- Department of PathologyAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and PreventionAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
| | - Hideaki Ito
- Department of PathologyAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | | | - Hideki Murakami
- Department of PathologyAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Yasushi Saeki
- Protein Metabolism ProjectTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of PathologyAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
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10
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WWOX-Mediated Degradation of AMOTp130 Negatively Affects Egress of Filovirus VP40 VLPs. J Virol 2022; 96:e0202621. [PMID: 35107375 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02026-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV) viruses continue to emerge and cause severe hemorrhagic disease in humans. A comprehensive understanding of the filovirus-host interplay will be crucial for identifying and developing antiviral strategies. The filoviral VP40 matrix protein drives virion assembly and egress, in part by recruiting specific WW-domain-containing host interactors via its conserved PPxY Late (L) domain motif to positively regulate virus egress and spread. In contrast to these positive regulators of virus budding, a growing list of WW-domain-containing interactors that negatively regulate virus egress and spread have been identified, including BAG3, YAP/TAZ and WWOX. In addition to host WW-domain regulators of virus budding, host PPxY-containing proteins also contribute to regulating this late stage of filovirus replication. For example, angiomotin (AMOT) is a multi-PPxY-containing host protein that functionally interacts with many of the same WW-domain-containing proteins that regulate virus egress and spread. In this report, we demonstrate that host WWOX, which negatively regulates egress of VP40 VLPs and recombinant VSV-M40 virus, interacts with and suppresses the expression of AMOT. We found that WWOX disrupts AMOT's scaffold-like tubular distribution and reduces AMOT localization at the plasma membrane via lysosomal degradation. In sum, our findings reveal an indirect and novel mechanism by which modular PPxY/WW-domain interactions between AMOT and WWOX regulate PPxY-mediated egress of filovirus VP40 VLPs. A better understanding of this modular network and competitive nature of protein-protein interactions will help to identify new antiviral targets and therapeutic strategies. IMPORTANCE Filoviruses (Ebola [EBOV] and Marburg [MARV]) are zoonotic, emerging pathogens that cause outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. A fundamental understanding of the virus-host interface is critical for understanding the biology of these viruses and for developing future strategies for therapeutic intervention. Here, we reveal a novel mechanism by which host proteins WWOX and AMOTp130 interact with each other and with the EBOV matrix protein VP40 to regulate VP40-mediated egress of virus like particles (VLPs). Our results highlight the biological impact of competitive interplay of modular virus-host interactions on both the virus lifecycle and the host cell.
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11
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Steinberg DJ, Aqeilan RI. WWOX-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Models and Future Perspectives. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113082. [PMID: 34831305 PMCID: PMC8623516 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene was originally discovered as a putative tumor suppressor spanning the common fragile site FRA16D, but as time has progressed the extent of its pleiotropic function has become apparent. At present, WWOX is a major source of interest in the context of neurological disorders, and more specifically developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). This review article aims to introduce the many model systems used through the years to study its function and roles in neuropathies. Similarities and fundamental differences between rodent and human models are discussed. Finally, future perspectives and promising research avenues are suggested.
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12
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Saadane A, Du Y, Thoreson WB, Miyagi M, Lessieur EM, Kiser J, Wen X, Berkowitz BA, Kern TS. Photoreceptor Cell Calcium Dysregulation and Calpain Activation Promote Pathogenic Photoreceptor Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Prodromal Diabetic Retinopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1805-1821. [PMID: 34214506 PMCID: PMC8579242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that diabetes promotes a greater than normal cytosolic calcium level in rod cells that activates a Ca2+-sensitive protease, calpain, resulting in oxidative stress and inflammation, two pathogenic factors of early diabetic retinopathy. Nondiabetic and 2-month diabetic C57Bl/6J and calpain1 knockout (Capn1-/-) mice were studied; subgroups were treated with a calpain inhibitor (CI). Ca2+ content was measured in photoreceptors using Fura-2. Retinal calpain expression was studied by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Superoxide and expression of inflammatory proteins were measured using published methods. Proteomic analysis was conducted on photoreceptors isolated from untreated diabetic mice or treated daily with CI for 2 months. Cytosolic Ca2+ content was increased twofold in photoreceptors of diabetic mice as compared with nondiabetic mice. Capn1 expression increased fivefold in photoreceptor outer segments of diabetic mice. Pharmacologic inhibition or genetic deletion of Capn1 significantly suppressed diabetes-induced oxidative stress and expression of proinflammatory proteins in retina. Proteomics identified a protein (WW domain-containing oxidoreductase [WWOX]) whose expression was significantly increased in photoreceptors from mice diabetic for 2 months and was inhibited with CI. Knockdown of Wwox using specific siRNA in vitro inhibited increase in superoxide caused by the high glucose. These results suggest that reducing Ca2+ accumulation, suppressing calpain activation, and/or reducing Wwox up-regulation are novel targets for treating early diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Saadane
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.
| | - Yunpeng Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Wallace B Thoreson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Masaru Miyagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Emma M Lessieur
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Jianying Kiser
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Xiangyi Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Bruce A Berkowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Timothy S Kern
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; Veterans Administration Medical Center Research Service, Long Beach, California
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13
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Steinberg DJ, Repudi S, Saleem A, Kustanovich I, Viukov S, Abudiab B, Banne E, Mahajnah M, Hanna JH, Stern S, Carlen PL, Aqeilan RI. Modeling genetic epileptic encephalopathies using brain organoids. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13610. [PMID: 34268881 PMCID: PMC8350905 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) are a group of disorders associated with intractable seizures, brain development, and functional abnormalities, and in some cases, premature death. Pathogenic human germline biallelic mutations in tumor suppressor WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) are associated with a relatively mild autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-12 (SCAR12) and a more severe early infantile WWOX-related epileptic encephalopathy (WOREE). In this study, we generated an in vitro model for DEEs, using the devastating WOREE syndrome as a prototype, by establishing brain organoids from CRISPR-engineered human ES cells and from patient-derived iPSCs. Using these models, we discovered dramatic cellular and molecular CNS abnormalities, including neural population changes, cortical differentiation malfunctions, and Wnt pathway and DNA damage response impairment. Furthermore, we provide a proof of concept that ectopic WWOX expression could potentially rescue these phenotypes. Our findings underscore the utility of modeling childhood epileptic encephalopathies using brain organoids and their use as a unique platform to test possible therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Steinberg
- The Concern Foundation LaboratoriesDepartment of Immunology and Cancer Research‐IMRICThe Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer ResearchHebrew University‐Hadassah Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
| | - Srinivasarao Repudi
- The Concern Foundation LaboratoriesDepartment of Immunology and Cancer Research‐IMRICThe Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer ResearchHebrew University‐Hadassah Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
| | - Afifa Saleem
- Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
| | | | - Sergey Viukov
- Department of Molecular GeneticsWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Baraa Abudiab
- The Concern Foundation LaboratoriesDepartment of Immunology and Cancer Research‐IMRICThe Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer ResearchHebrew University‐Hadassah Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
| | - Ehud Banne
- Genetics InstituteKaplan Medical CenterHebrew University‐Hadassah Medical SchoolRehovotIsrael
- The Rina Mor Genetic InstituteWolfson Medical CenterHolonIsrael
| | - Muhammad Mahajnah
- Paediatric Neurology and Child Developmental CenterHillel Yaffe Medical CenterHaderaIsrael
- Rappaport Faculty of MedicineThe TechnionHaifaIsrael
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- Department of Molecular GeneticsWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of NeurobiologyUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
| | - Peter L Carlen
- Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
- Departments of Medicine and PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- The Concern Foundation LaboratoriesDepartment of Immunology and Cancer Research‐IMRICThe Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer ResearchHebrew University‐Hadassah Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
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14
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Rashid S, Shah S, Bar-Joseph Z, Pandya R. Dhaka: variational autoencoder for unmasking tumor heterogeneity from single cell genomic data. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:1535-1543. [PMID: 30768159 PMCID: PMC11025345 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Intra-tumor heterogeneity is one of the key confounding factors in deciphering tumor evolution. Malignant cells exhibit variations in their gene expression, copy numbers and mutation even when originating from a single progenitor cell. Single cell sequencing of tumor cells has recently emerged as a viable option for unmasking the underlying tumor heterogeneity. However, extracting features from single cell genomic data in order to infer their evolutionary trajectory remains computationally challenging due to the extremely noisy and sparse nature of the data. RESULTS Here we describe 'Dhaka', a variational autoencoder method which transforms single cell genomic data to a reduced dimension feature space that is more efficient in differentiating between (hidden) tumor subpopulations. Our method is general and can be applied to several different types of genomic data including copy number variation from scDNA-Seq and gene expression from scRNA-Seq experiments. We tested the method on synthetic and six single cell cancer datasets where the number of cells ranges from 250 to 6000 for each sample. Analysis of the resulting feature space revealed subpopulations of cells and their marker genes. The features are also able to infer the lineage and/or differentiation trajectory between cells greatly improving upon prior methods suggested for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction of such data. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION All the datasets used in the paper are publicly available and developed software package and supporting info is available on Github https://github.com/MicrosoftGenomics/Dhaka. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rashid
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Sohrab Shah
- Department of Computer Science
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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15
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Taouis K, Driouch K, Lidereau R, Lallemand F. Molecular Functions of WWOX Potentially Involved in Cancer Development. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051051. [PMID: 33946771 PMCID: PMC8145924 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase gene (WWOX) was cloned 21 years ago as a putative tumor suppressor gene mapping to chromosomal fragile site FRA16D. The localization of WWOX in a chromosomal region frequently altered in human cancers has initiated multiple current studies to establish its role in this disease. All of this work suggests that WWOX, due to its ability to interact with a large number of partners, exerts its tumor suppressive activity through a wide variety of molecular actions that are mostly cell specific.
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16
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Repudi S, Steinberg DJ, Elazar N, Breton VL, Aquilino MS, Saleem A, Abu-Swai S, Vainshtein A, Eshed-Eisenbach Y, Vijayaragavan B, Behar O, Hanna JJ, Peles E, Carlen PL, Aqeilan RI. Neuronal deletion of Wwox, associated with WOREE syndrome, causes epilepsy and myelin defects. Brain 2021; 144:3061-3077. [PMID: 33914858 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
WOREE syndrome caused by human germline biallelic mutations in WWOX is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intractable epilepsy, severe developmental delay, ataxia and premature death at the age of 2-4 years. The underlying mechanisms of WWOX actions are poorly understood. In the current study, we show that specific neuronal deletion of murine Wwox produces phenotypes typical of the Wwox-null mutation leading to brain hyperexcitability, intractable epilepsy, ataxia and postnatal lethality. A significant decrease in transcript levels of genes involved in myelination was observed in mouse cortex and hippocampus. Wwox-mutant mice exhibited reduced maturation of oligodendrocytes, reduced myelinated axons and impaired axonal conductivity. Brain hyperexcitability and hypomyelination were also revealed in human brain organoids with a WWOX deletion. These findings provide cellular and molecular evidence for myelination defects and hyperexcitability in the WOREE syndrome linked to neuronal function of WWOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasarao Repudi
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel J Steinberg
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nimrod Elazar
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Vanessa L Breton
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark S Aquilino
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Afifa Saleem
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sara Abu-Swai
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna Vainshtein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Eshed-Eisenbach
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Bharath Vijayaragavan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Oded Behar
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob J Hanna
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elior Peles
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Peter L Carlen
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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17
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Angiomotin Counteracts the Negative Regulatory Effect of Host WWOX on Viral PPxY-Mediated Egress. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00121-21. [PMID: 33536174 PMCID: PMC8103691 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00121-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Filoviridae family members Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV) viruses and Arenaviridae family member Lassa virus (LASV) are emerging pathogens that can cause hemorrhagic fever and high rates of mortality in humans. A better understanding of the interplay between these viruses and the host will inform about the biology of these pathogens, and may lead to the identification of new targets for therapeutic development. Notably, expression of the filovirus VP40 and LASV Z matrix proteins alone drives assembly and egress of virus-like particles (VLPs). The conserved PPxY Late (L) domain motifs in the filovirus VP40 and LASV Z proteins play a key role in the budding process by mediating interactions with select host WW-domain containing proteins that then regulate virus egress and spread. To identify the full complement of host WW-domain interactors, we utilized WT and PPxY mutant peptides from EBOV and MARV VP40 and LASV Z proteins to screen an array of GST-WW-domain fusion proteins. We identified WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) as a novel PPxY-dependent interactor, and we went on to show that full-length WWOX physically interacts with eVP40, mVP40 and LASV Z to negatively regulate egress of VLPs and of a live VSV/Ebola recombinant virus (M40). Interestingly, WWOX is a versatile host protein that regulates multiple signaling pathways and cellular processes via modular interactions between its WW-domains and PPxY motifs of select interacting partners, including host angiomotin (AMOT). Notably, we demonstrated recently that expression of endogenous AMOT not only positively regulates egress of VLPs, but also promotes egress and spread of live EBOV and MARV. Toward the mechanism of action, we show that the competitive and modular interplay among WWOX-AMOT-VP40/Z regulates VLP and M40 virus egress. Thus, WWOX is the newest member of an emerging group of host WW-domain interactors (e.g. BAG3; YAP/TAZ) that negatively regulate viral egress. These findings further highlight the complex interplay of virus-host PPxY/WW-domain interactions and their potential impact on the biology of both the virus and the host during infection.Author Summary Filoviruses (Ebola [EBOV] and Marburg [MARV]) and arenavirus (Lassa virus; LASV) are zoonotic, emerging pathogens that cause outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. A fundamental understanding of the virus-host interface is critical for understanding the biology of these viruses and for developing future strategies for therapeutic intervention. Here, we identified host WW-domain containing protein WWOX as a novel interactor with VP40 and Z, and showed that WWOX inhibited budding of VP40/Z virus-like particles (VLPs) and live virus in a PPxY/WW-domain dependent manner. Our findings are important to the field as they expand the repertoire of host interactors found to regulate PPxY-mediated budding of RNA viruses, and further highlight the competitive interplay and modular virus-host interactions that impact both the virus lifecycle and the host cell.
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18
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Kałuzińska Ż, Kołat D, Kośla K, Orzechowska M, Bednarek AK, Płuciennik E. In vitro and in silico assessment of the effect of WWOX expression on invasiveness pathways associated with AP-2 transcription factors in bladder cancer. BMC Urol 2021; 21:36. [PMID: 33691672 PMCID: PMC7944886 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00806-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WW Domain Containing Oxidoreductase (WWOX) belongs to the unusual tumor suppressors, whose molecular function is not fully understood in bladder cancer, especially regarding interaction with Activator Protein 2 (AP-2) α/γ transcription factors. Thus, using lentiviral systems we created an in vitro model overexpressing or downregulating WWOX in CAL-29 cell line to assess invasiveness pathways. Surprisingly, while WWOX overexpression was accompanied with increased expression of both AP-2 factors, its downregulation only affected AP-2α level but not AP-2γ which remained high. METHODS Using cellular models and unpaired t-test or Wilcoxon test, we investigated significant changes in biological processes: clonogenicity, extracellular matrix adhesion, metalloproteinases activity, 3D culture growth, proliferation, mitochondrial redox potential and invasiveness. Relative gene expression acquired through Real-Time qPCR has been analyzed by Welch's t-test. Additionally, using oncoprint analysis we distinguished groups for bioinformatics analyzes in order to perform a follow-up of in vitro experiments. RESULTS Downregulation of WWOX in bladder cancer cell line intensified ability of single cell to grow into colony, mitochondrial redox potential and proliferation rate. Moreover, these cells shown elevated pro-MMP-2/9 activity but reduced adhesion to collagen I or laminin I, as well as distinct 3D culture growth. Through global in silico profiling we determined that WWOX alters disease-free survival of bladder cancer patients and modulates vital processes through AP-2 downstream effectors. CONCLUSIONS Our research indicates that WWOX possesses tumor suppressor properties in bladder cancer but consecutive examination is required to entirely understand the contribution of AP-2γ or AP-2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Kałuzińska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kośla
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Orzechowska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
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19
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Makii R, Cook H, Louke D, Breitbach J, Jennings R, Premanandan C, Green EM, Fenger JM. Characterization of WWOX expression and function in canine mast cell tumors and malignant mast cell lines. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:415. [PMID: 33129329 PMCID: PMC7603737 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) tumor suppressor gene is frequently lost in a variety of solid and hematopoietic malignancies in humans. Dysregulation of WWOX has been implicated as playing a key role in tumor cell survival, DNA damage repair, and genomic stability. The purpose of this study was to characterize WWOX expression in spontaneous canine mast cell tumors (MCTs) and malignant cell lines and investigate the potential contribution of WWOX loss on malignant mast cell behavior. METHODS/RESULTS WWOX expression is decreased in primary canine MCTs and malignant mast cell lines compared to normal canine bone marrow-cultured mast cells. In transformed canine mastocytoma cell lines, overexpression of WWOX or WWOX knockdown had no effect on mast cell viability. Inhibition of WWOX enhanced clonogenic survival following treatment with ionizing radiation in the C2 mast cell line. Lastly, immunohistochemistry for WWOX was performed using a canine MCT tissue microarray, demonstrating that WWOX staining intensity and percent of cells staining for WWOX is decreased in high-grade MCTs compared to low-grade MCTs. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that WWOX expression is attenuated or lost in primary canine MCTs and malignant mast cell lines. Given the observed increase in clonogenic survival in WWOX-deficient C2 mast cells treated with ionizing radiation, further investigation of WWOX and its role in mediating the DNA damage response in malignant mast cells is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Makii
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, 444 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hanna Cook
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, 444 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Darian Louke
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, 444 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Justin Breitbach
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ryan Jennings
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher Premanandan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eric M Green
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, 444 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joelle M Fenger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, 444 Veterinary Medical Academic Building, Columbus, OH, USA.
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20
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Chou YT, Lai FJ, Chang NS, Hsu LJ. Wwox Deficiency Causes Downregulation of Prosurvival ERK Signaling and Abnormal Homeostatic Responses in Mouse Skin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:558432. [PMID: 33195192 PMCID: PMC7652735 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.558432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of tumor suppressor WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) in humans and animals leads to growth retardation and premature death during postnatal developmental stages. Skin integrity is essential for organism survival due to its protection against dehydration and hypothermia. Our previous report demonstrated that human epidermal suprabasal cells express WWOX protein, and the expression is gradually increased toward the superficial differentiated cells prior to cornification. Here, we investigated whether abnormal skin development and homeostasis occur under Wwox deficiency that may correlate with early death. We determined that keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation were decreased, while apoptosis was increased in Wwox–/– mouse epidermis and primary keratinocyte cultures and WWOX-knockdown human HaCaT cells. Without WWOX, progenitor cells in hair follicle junctional zone underwent massive proliferation in early postnatal developmental stages and the stem/progenitor cell pools were depleted at postnatal day 21. These events lead to significantly decreased epidermal thickness, dehydration state, and delayed hair development in Wwox–/– mouse skin, which is associated with downregulation of prosurvival MEK/ERK signaling in Wwox–/– keratinocytes. Moreover, Wwox depletion results in substantial downregulation of dermal collagen contents in mice. Notably, Wwox–/– mice exhibit severe loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue and significant hypothermia. Collectively, our knockout mouse model supports the validity of WWOX in assisting epidermal and adipose homeostasis, and the involvement of prosurvival ERK pathway in the homeostatic responses regulated by WWOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Tsen Chou
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Jie Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Chimei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Shan Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jin Hsu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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21
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Abstract
Shortly after its discovery in 2000, WWOX was hailed as a tumor suppressor gene. In subsequent years of research, this function was confirmed indisputably. Majority of tumors show high rate of loss of heterozygosity and decreased expression of WWOX. Nevertheless, over the years, the range of its known functions, at the cellular, organ and system levels, has expanded to include metabolism and endocrine system control and CNS differentiation and functioning. Despite of its function as a tumor suppressor gene, WWOX genetic alternations were found in a number of metabolic and neural diseases. A lack of WWOX protein as a consequence of germline mutations results in brain development disturbances and malfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kośla
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - Ż Kałuzińska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - A K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
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22
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Khawaled S, Nigita G, Distefano R, Oster S, Suh SS, Smith Y, Khalaileh A, Peng Y, Croce CM, Geiger T, Seewaldt VL, Aqeilan RI. Pleiotropic tumor suppressor functions of WWOX antagonize metastasis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:43. [PMID: 32300104 PMCID: PMC7162874 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression and metastasis are the major causes of death among cancer associated mortality. Metastatic cells acquire features of migration and invasion and usually undergo epithelia-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Acquirement of these various hallmarks rely on different cellular pathways, including TGF-β and Wnt signaling. Recently, we reported that WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) acts as a tumor suppressor and has anti-metastatic activities involving regulation of several key microRNAs (miRNAs) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we report that WWOX restoration in highly metastatic MDA-MB435S cancer cells alters mRNA expression profiles; further, WWOX interacts with various proteins to exert its tumor suppressor function. Careful alignment and analysis of gene and miRNA expression in these cells revealed profound changes in cellular pathways mediating adhesion, invasion and motility. We further demonstrate that WWOX, through regulation of miR-146a levels, regulates SMAD3, which is a member of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Moreover, proteomic analysis of WWOX partners revealed regulation of the Wnt-signaling activation through physical interaction with Disheveled. Altogether, these findings underscore a significant role for WWOX in antagonizing metastasis, further highlighting its role and therapeutic potential in suppressing tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Khawaled
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giovanni Nigita
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rosario Distefano
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sara Oster
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sung-Suk Suh
- Department of Bioscience, Mokpo National University, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoav Smith
- Genomic Data Analysis Unit, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abed Khalaileh
- Department of Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Victoria L Seewaldt
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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23
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Lahav N, Rotem-Bamberger S, Fahoum J, Dodson EJ, Kraus Y, Mousa R, Metanis N, Friedler A, Schueler-Furman O. Phosphorylation of the WWOX Protein Regulates Its Interaction with p73. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1843-1851. [PMID: 32185845 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We describe a molecular characterization of the interaction between the cancer-related proteins WWOX and p73. This interaction is mediated by the first of two WW domains (WW1) of WWOX and a PPXY-motif-containing region in p73. While phosphorylation of Tyr33 of WWOX and association with p73 are known to affect apoptotic activity, the quantitative effect of phosphorylation on this specific interaction is determined here for the first time. Using ITC and fluorescence anisotropy, we measured the binding affinity between WWOX domains and a p73 derived peptide, and showed that this interaction is regulated by Tyr phosphorylation of WW1. Chemical synthesis of the phosphorylated domains of WWOX revealed that the binding affinity of WWOX to p73 is decreased when WWOX is phosphorylated. This result suggests a fine-tuning of binding affinity in a differential, ligand-specific manner: the decrease in binding affinity of WWOX to p73 can free both partners to form new interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Lahav
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shahar Rotem-Bamberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School POB 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jamal Fahoum
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School POB 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Emma-Joy Dodson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School POB 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yahel Kraus
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reem Mousa
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Assaf Friedler
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School POB 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
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24
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Huang S, Hsu L, Chang N. Functional role of WW domain-containing proteins in tumor biology and diseases: Insight into the role in ubiquitin-proteasome system. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:234-253. [PMID: 32259050 PMCID: PMC7133736 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) governs the protein degradation process and balances proteostasis and cellular homeostasis. It is a well-controlled mechanism, in which removal of the damaged or excessive proteins is essential in driving signal pathways for cell survival or death. Accumulation of damaged proteins and failure in removal may contribute to disease initiation such as in cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. In this notion, specific protein-protein interaction is essential for the recognition of targeted proteins in UPS. WW domain plays an indispensable role in the protein-protein interactions during signaling. Among the 51 WW domain-containing proteins in the human proteomics, near one-quarter of them are involved in the UPS, suggesting that WW domains are crucial modules for driving the protein-protein binding and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation. In this review, we detail a broad spectrum of WW domains in protein-protein recognition, signal transduction, and relevance to diseases. New perspectives in dissecting the molecular interactions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenq‐Shyang Huang
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology in MedicineInstitute of Molecular and Cellular BiologyNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan, ROC
| | - Li‐Jin Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and BiotechnologyNational Cheng Kung University College of MedicineTainanTaiwan, ROC
| | - Nan‐Shan Chang
- Institute of Molecular MedicineNational Cheng Kung University College of MedicineTainanTaiwan, ROC
- Department of NeurochemistryNew York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesStaten IslandNYUSA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan, ROC
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25
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Vargas RE, Duong VT, Han H, Ta AP, Chen Y, Zhao S, Yang B, Seo G, Chuc K, Oh S, El Ali A, Razorenova OV, Chen J, Luo R, Li X, Wang W. Elucidation of WW domain ligand binding specificities in the Hippo pathway reveals STXBP4 as YAP inhibitor. EMBO J 2020; 39:e102406. [PMID: 31782549 PMCID: PMC6939200 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway, which plays a critical role in organ size control and cancer, features numerous WW domain-based protein-protein interactions. However, ~100 WW domains and 2,000 PY motif-containing peptide ligands are found in the human proteome, raising a "WW-PY" binding specificity issue in the Hippo pathway. In this study, we have established the WW domain binding specificity for Hippo pathway components and uncovered a unique amino acid sequence required for it. By using this criterion, we have identified a WW domain-containing protein, STXBP4, as a negative regulator of YAP. Mechanistically, STXBP4 assembles a protein complex comprising α-catenin and a group of Hippo PY motif-containing components/regulators to inhibit YAP, a process that is regulated by actin cytoskeleton tension. Interestingly, STXBP4 is a potential tumor suppressor for human kidney cancer, whose downregulation is correlated with YAP activation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Taken together, our study not only elucidates the WW domain binding specificity for the Hippo pathway, but also reveals STXBP4 as a player in actin cytoskeleton tension-mediated Hippo pathway regulation.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hippo Signaling Pathway
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Prognosis
- Protein Binding
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Rate
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vesicular Transport Proteins/genetics
- Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism
- WW Domains
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Vargas
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Vy Thuy Duong
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Han Han
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Albert Paul Ta
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Shiji Zhao
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Gayoung Seo
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Kimberly Chuc
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Sunwoo Oh
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Amal El Ali
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Olga V Razorenova
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Ray Luo
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Xu Li
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
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26
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WWOX Possesses N-Terminal Cell Surface-Exposed Epitopes WWOX 7-21 and WWOX 7-11 for Signaling Cancer Growth Suppression and Prevention In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111818. [PMID: 31752354 PMCID: PMC6895976 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane hyaluronidase Hyal-2 supports cancer cell growth. Inhibition of Hyal-2 by specific antibody against Hyal-2 or pY216-Hyal-2 leads to cancer growth suppression and prevention in vivo. By immunoelectron microscopy, tumor suppressor WWOX is shown to be anchored, in part, in the cell membrane by Hyal-2. Alternatively, WWOX undergoes self-polymerization and localizes in the cell membrane. Proapoptotic pY33-WWOX binds Hyal-2, and TGF-β induces internalization of the pY33-WWOX/Hyal-2 complex to the nucleus for causing cell death. In contrast, when pY33 is downregulated and pS14 upregulated in WWOX, pS14-WWOX supports cancer growth in vivo. Here, we investigated whether membrane WWOX receives extracellular signals via surface-exposed epitopes, especially at the S14 area, that signals for cancer growth suppression and prevention. By using a simulated 3-dimentional structure and generated specific antibodies, WWOX epitopes were determined at amino acid #7 to 21 and #286 to 299. Synthetic WWOX7-21 peptide, or truncation to 5-amino acid WWOX7-11, significantly suppressed and prevented the growth and metastasis of melanoma and skin cancer cells in mice. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that WWOX7-21 peptide potently enhanced the explosion and death of 4T1 breast cancer stem cell spheres by ceritinib. This is due to rapid upregulation of proapoptotic pY33-WWOX, downregulation of prosurvival pERK, prompt increases in Ca2+ influx, and disruption of the IkBα/WWOX/ERK prosurvival signaling. In contrast, pS14-WWOX7-21 peptide dramatically increased cancer growth in vivo and protected cancer cells from ceritinib-mediated apoptosis in vitro, due to a prolonged ERK phosphorylation. Further, specific antibody against pS14-WWOX significantly enhanced the ceritinib-induced apoptosis. Together, the N-terminal epitopes WWOX7-21 and WWOX7-11 are potent in blocking cancer growth in vivo. WWOX7-21 and WWOX7-11 peptides and pS14-WWOX antibody are of therapeutic values in suppressing and preventing cancer growth in vivo.
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27
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Kośla K, Płuciennik E, Styczeń-Binkowska E, Nowakowska M, Orzechowska M, Bednarek AK. The WWOX Gene Influences Cellular Pathways in the Neuronal Differentiation of Human Neural Progenitor Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:391. [PMID: 31543760 PMCID: PMC6730490 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is the most functionally organized structure of all organs. It manages behavior, perception and higher cognitive functions. The WWOX gene is non-classical tumor suppressor gene, which has been shown to have an impact on proliferation, apoptosis and migration processes. Moreover, genetic aberrations in WWOX induce severe neuropathological phenotypes in humans and rodents. The aim of the present study was to investigate in detail the impact of WWOX on human neural progenitor cell (hNPC) maintenance and how depletion of WWOX disturbs signaling pathways playing a pivotal role in neuronal differentiation and central nervous system (CNS) organogenesis. hNPC with a silenced WWOX gene exhibited lowered mitochondrial redox potential, enhanced adhesion to fibronectin and extracellular matrix protein mixture, downregulation of MMP2/9 expression and impaired 3D growth. Global transcriptome analysis using cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) found that WWOX downregulation significantly changes the expression of multiple genes engaged in cytoskeleton organization, adhesion, cell signaling and chromatin remodeling. The massive changes in gene expression caused by WWOX silencing may strongly affect the differentiation and migration of neurons in organogenesis, brain injury, cancerogenesis or neurodifferentiation. WWOX gene appears to be an important regulator of neural tissue architecture and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kośla
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Nowakowska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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28
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Ikeda KN, Freeman M. Spatial proteomics reveal that the protein phosphatase PTP1B interacts with and may modify tyrosine phosphorylation of the rhomboid protease RHBDL4. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11486-11497. [PMID: 31177093 PMCID: PMC6663880 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhomboid-like proteins are evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitous polytopic membrane proteins, including the canonical rhomboid intramembrane serine proteases and also others that have lost protease activity during evolution. We still have much to learn about their cellular roles, and evidence suggests that some may have more than one function. For example, RHBDL4 (rhomboid-like protein 4) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protease that forms a ternary complex with ubiquitinated substrates and p97/VCP (valosin-containing protein), a major driver of ER-associated degradation (ERAD). RHBDL4 is required for ERAD of some substrates, such as the pre-T-cell receptor α chain (pTα) and has also been shown to cleave amyloid precursor protein to trigger its secretion. In another case, RHBDL4 enables the release of full-length transforming growth factor α in exosomes. Using the proximity proteomic method BioID, here we screened for proteins that interact with or are in close proximity to RHBDL4. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that BioID hits of RHBDL4 overlap with factors related to protein stress at the ER, including proteins that interact with p97/VCP. PTP1B (protein-tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 1, also called PTPN1) was also identified as a potential proximity factor and interactor of RHBDL4. Analysis of RHBDL4 peptides highlighted the presence of tyrosine phosphorylation at the cytoplasmic RHBDL4 C terminus. Site-directed mutagenesis targeting these tyrosine residues revealed that their phosphorylation modifies binding of RHBDL4 to p97/VCP and Lys63-linked ubiquitinated proteins. Our work lays a critical foundation for future mechanistic studies of the roles of RHBDL4 in ERAD and other important cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyojiro N Ikeda
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Freeman
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
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29
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Abu-Remaileh M, Abu-Remaileh M, Akkawi R, Knani I, Udi S, Pacold ME, Tam J, Aqeilan RI. WWOX somatic ablation in skeletal muscles alters glucose metabolism. Mol Metab 2019; 22:132-140. [PMID: 30755385 PMCID: PMC6437662 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE WWOX, a well-established tumor suppressor, is frequently lost in cancer and plays important roles in DNA damage response and cellular metabolism. METHODS We re-analyzed several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using the Type 2 Diabetes Knowledge Portal website to uncover WWOX's association with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Using several engineered mouse models, we studied the effect of somatic WWOX loss on glucose homeostasis. RESULTS Several WWOX variants were found to be strongly associated with MetS disorders. In mouse models, somatic ablation of Wwox in skeletal muscle (WwoxΔSKM) results in weight gain, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, WwoxΔSKM mice display reduced amounts of slow-twitch fibers, decreased mitochondrial quantity and activity, and lower glucose oxidation levels. Mechanistically, we found that WWOX physically interacts with the cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and that its loss is associated with impaired activation of AMPK, and with significant accumulation of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) in SKM. CONCLUSIONS Our studies uncover an unforeseen role of the tumor suppressor WWOX in whole-body glucose homeostasis and highlight the intimate relationship between cancer progression and metabolic disorders, particularly obesity and type-2 diabetes. SUBJECT AREAS Genetics, Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhannad Abu-Remaileh
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rania Akkawi
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ibrahim Knani
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Shiran Udi
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Micheal E Pacold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 522 First Avenue, Smilow 907, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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30
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Suzuki K, Sentani K, Tanaka H, Yano T, Suzuki K, Oshima M, Yasui W, Tamura A, Tsukita S. Deficiency of Stomach-Type Claudin-18 in Mice Induces Gastric Tumor Formation Independent of H pylori Infection. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:119-142. [PMID: 30910700 PMCID: PMC6554658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Epithelial cells are joined by tight junctions (TJs) to form a cell sheet. In the stomach, epithelial cell sheet forms an essential barrier against gastric material, including gastric acid. Although the decreased expression of stomach-type claudin-18 (stCldn18), a TJ protein, is generally observed in human gastritis and gastric cancer, its pathological roles are not fully understood. We previously reported that mice lacking stCldn18 (stCldn18-/-) exhibit gastric acid leakage through TJs, which induces active gastritis at a young age. Here, we examined the gastric pathologies in mice after long-term stCldn18 deficiency. METHODS The gastric pathologies in stCldn18-/- mice were sequentially analyzed from youth to old age, and compared to those in humans. To examine the relationship between stCldn18 deficiency-induced gastric pathologies and Wnt-dependent tumorigenesis, we generated Wnt1-overexpressing stCldn18-/- mice. RESULTS StCldn18-/- mice developed chronic active gastritis at middle age, with expression of the chemoattractant CCL28. At old age, 20-30% of these mice developed gastric tumors with CXCL5 expression, indicative of EMT. In this process, spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) cells appeared. Increased expressions of CD44-variants, TLR2, and CXCL5 indicated age-dependent changes in cell characteristics. Some features of the stCldn18-/- mouse gastric tumorigenesis resembled H pylori-infection-related human carcinogenesis. The gastric tumorigenesis was accelerated in Wnt1-overexpressing stCldn18-/- mice, indicating that Wnt is involved in the stCldn18-/- mouse gastric tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS StCldn18 deficiency induced gastric tumorigenesis in mice without H pylori infection. Our findings revealed that several signaling networks, including the cytokine-, stemness-, and Wnt-signaling pathways, may be activated under the stCldn18-deficiency-induced chronic active gastritis to accelerate the gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age and Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroo Tanaka
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yano
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Suzuki
- Department of Health Protection, Graduate School of Medicine, Asia International Institute of Infectious Disease Control, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, and Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Khawaled S, Suh SS, Abdeen SK, Monin J, Distefano R, Nigita G, Croce CM, Aqeilan RI. WWOX Inhibits Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells via Modulation of miRNAs. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1784-1798. [PMID: 30622118 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous, highly aggressive, and difficult to treat tumor type. The tumor suppressor WWOX spans FRA16D, a common fragile site that is commonly altered in breast cancer. Despite recent progress, the role of WWOX in TNBC metastasis is unknown. Here we report that WWOX inactivation correlates with advanced stages of TNBC and that its levels are frequently altered in TNBC cells. Ectopic restoration of WWOX in WWOX-negative TNBC cells inhibited metastasis while its depletion in WWOX-positive TNBC cells promoted metastasis. WWOX was a negative regulator of c-MYC, which regulated miR-146a expression and consequently fibronectin levels, contributing to an epithelial status of the cell. Treatment of TNBC cells with anti-miR-146a rescued the WWOX antimetastatic phenotype. Moreover, overexpression of MYC in WWOX-expressing TNBC cells overrode WWOX effects on miR-146a and fibronectin levels. Altogether, our data uncover an essential role for WWOX in antagonizing TNBC progression and highlight its potential use as a biomarker for metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings highlight the mechanism by which the tumor suppressor WWOX regulates metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer.See related commentary by Sharma, p. 1746.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Khawaled
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sung Suk Suh
- Department of Bioscience, Mokpo National University, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhaib K Abdeen
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jonathan Monin
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rosario Distefano
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Giovanni Nigita
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Hussain T, Lee J, Abba MC, Chen J, Aldaz CM. Delineating WWOX Protein Interactome by Tandem Affinity Purification-Mass Spectrometry: Identification of Top Interactors and Key Metabolic Pathways Involved. Front Oncol 2018; 8:591. [PMID: 30619736 PMCID: PMC6300487 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become clear from multiple studies that WWOX (WW domain-containing oxidoreductase) operates as a "non-classical" tumor suppressor of significant relevance in cancer progression. Additionally, WWOX has been recognized for its role in a much wider array of human pathologies including metabolic conditions and central nervous system related syndromes. A myriad of putative functional roles has been attributed to WWOX mostly through the identification of various binding proteins. However, the reality is that much remains to be learned on the key relevant functions of WWOX in the normal cell. Here we employed a Tandem Affinity Purification-Mass Spectrometry (TAP-MS) approach in order to better define direct WWOX protein interactors and by extension interaction with multiprotein complexes under physiological conditions on a proteomic scale. This work led to the identification of both well-known, but more importantly novel high confidence WWOX interactors, suggesting the involvement of WWOX in specific biological and molecular processes while delineating a comprehensive portrait of WWOX protein interactome. Of particular relevance is WWOX interaction with key proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, late endosomes, protein transport, and lysosomes networks such as SEC23IP, SCAMP3, and VOPP1. These binding partners harbor specific PPXY motifs which directly interact with the amino-terminal WW1 domain of WWOX. Pathway analysis of WWOX interactors identified a significant enrichment of metabolic pathways associated with proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids breakdown. Thus, suggesting that WWOX likely plays relevant roles in glycolysis, fatty acid degradation and other pathways that converge primarily in Acetyl-CoA generation, a fundamental molecule not only as the entry point to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle for energy production, but also as the key building block for de novo synthesis of lipids and amino acids. Our results provide a significant lead on subsets of protein partners and enzymatic complexes with which full-length WWOX protein interacts with in order to carry out its metabolic and other biological functions while also becoming a valuable resource for further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabish Hussain
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
| | - Jaeho Lee
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
| | - Martin C Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - C Marcelo Aldaz
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
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Tanna M, Aqeilan RI. Modeling WWOX Loss of Function in vivo: What Have We Learned? Front Oncol 2018; 8:420. [PMID: 30370248 PMCID: PMC6194312 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The WW domain–containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene encompasses a common fragile sites (CFS) known as FRA16D, and is implicated in cancer. WWOX encodes a 46kDa adaptor protein, which contains two N-terminal WW–domains and a catalytic domain at its C–terminus homologous to short–chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family proteins. A high sequence conservation of WWOX orthologues from insects to rodents and ultimately humans suggest its significant role in physiology and homeostasis. Indeed, data obtained from several animal models including flies, fish, and rodents demonstrate WWOX in vivo requirement and that its deregulation results in severe pathological consequences including growth retardation, post–natal lethality, neuropathy, metabolic disorders, and tumorigenesis. Altogether, these findings set WWOX as an essential protein that is necessary to maintain normal cellular/physiological homeostasis. Here, we review and discuss lessons and outcomes learned from modeling loss of WWOX expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Tanna
- Faculty of Medicine, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- Faculty of Medicine, The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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Bonin F, Taouis K, Azorin P, Petitalot A, Tariq Z, Nola S, Bouteille N, Tury S, Vacher S, Bièche I, Rais KA, Pierron G, Fuhrmann L, Vincent-Salomon A, Formstecher E, Camonis J, Lidereau R, Lallemand F, Driouch K. VOPP1 promotes breast tumorigenesis by interacting with the tumor suppressor WWOX. BMC Biol 2018; 16:109. [PMID: 30285739 PMCID: PMC6169085 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene, frequently altered in breast cancer, encodes a tumor suppressor whose function is mediated through its interactions with cancer-related proteins, such as the pro-apoptotic protein p73α. Results To better understand the involvement of WWOX in breast tumorigenesis, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and co-immunoprecipitation assays to identify novel partners of this protein. We characterized the vesicular overexpressed in cancer pro-survival protein 1 (VOPP1) as a new regulator of WWOX. In breast cancer cells, VOPP1 sequestrates WWOX in lysosomes, impairs its ability to associate with p73α, and inhibits WWOX-dependent apoptosis. Overexpressed VOPP1 potentiates cellular transformation and enhances the growth of transplanted tumors in vivo. VOPP1 is overexpressed in breast tumors, especially in tumors that retain WWOX. Moreover, increased expression of VOPP1 is associated with reduced survival of patients with WWOX-positive, but not with WWOX-negative, tumors. Conclusions These findings emphasize the importance of the sequestration of WWOX by VOPP1 in addition to WWOX loss in breast tumors and define VOPP1 as a novel oncogene promoting breast carcinogenesis by inhibiting the anti-tumoral effect of WWOX. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0576-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bonin
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Karim Taouis
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Paula Azorin
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ambre Petitalot
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Zakia Tariq
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Nola
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France.,Present address: INSERM U950, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nadège Bouteille
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Tury
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Khadija Ait Rais
- Somatic Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Pierron
- Somatic Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Fuhrmann
- Pathology, Department of Tumor Biology, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Rosette Lidereau
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - François Lallemand
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Keltouma Driouch
- Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
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35
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Saigo C, Kito Y, Takeuchi T. Cancerous Protein Network That Inhibits the Tumor Suppressor Function of WW Domain-Containing Oxidoreductase (WWOX) by Aberrantly Expressed Molecules. Front Oncol 2018; 8:350. [PMID: 30214895 PMCID: PMC6125347 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that the WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is a tumor suppressor protein that contains two N-terminal WW domains and a central short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase domain. WWOX protein mediates multiple signaling networks that suppress carcinogenesis through binding of its first WW domain to various cancer-associated proteins, i.e., p73, AP-2γ, and others. Although the tumor suppressor property of WWOX is inarguable, WWOX is not inactivated in the manner characteristic of the canonical Knudson hypothesis. Impairment of both alleles of WWOX is thought to be a rare event, only occurring in a few cancer cell lines. How is the tumor suppressor function of WWOX impaired in cancer cells? Recent advances highlight that a small transmembrane protein possessing a PPxY motif, called TMEM207, and its relatives are aberrantly expressed in various cancer cells and hinder the tumor suppressor function of WWOX through inhibiting its WW domain. Here, we review the recent findings related to the pathobiological properties of TMEM207 and its relatives based on clinicopathological and experimental pathological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiemi Saigo
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kito
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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36
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Pospiech K, Płuciennik E, Bednarek AK. WWOX Tumor Suppressor Gene in Breast Cancer, a Historical Perspective and Future Directions. Front Oncol 2018; 8:345. [PMID: 30211123 PMCID: PMC6121138 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The WWOX tumor suppressor gene is located at 16q23. 1–23.2, which covers the region of FRA16D—a common fragile sites. Deletions within the WWOX coding sequence are observed in up to 80% of breast cancer cases, which makes it one of the most common genetic alterations in this tumor type. The WWOX gene is known to play a role in breast cancer: increased expression of WWOX inhibits cell proliferation in suspension, reduces tumor growth rates in xenographic transplants, but also enhances cell migration through the basal membrane and contributes to morphological changes in 3D matrix-based cell cultures. The WWOX protein may act in several ways, as it has three functional domains—two WW domains, responsible for protein-protein interactions and an SDR domain (short dehydrogenase/reductase domain) which catalyzes conversions of low molecular weight ligands, most likely steroids. In epithelial cells, WWOX modulates gene transcription through interaction with p73, AP-2γ, and ERBB4 proteins. In steroid hormone-regulated tissues like mammary gland epithelium, the WWOX SDR domain acts as a steroid dehydrogenase. The relationship between WWOX and hormone receptors was shown in an animal model, where WWOX(C3H)+/–mice exhibited loss of both ER and PR receptors. Moreover, in breast cancer specimens, a positive correlation was observed between WWOX expression and ER status. On the other hand, decreased WWOX expression was associated with worse prognosis, namely higher relapse and mortality rates in BC patients. Recently, it was shown that genomic instability might be driven by the loss of WWOX expression. It was reported that WWOX plays role in DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair by regulating ATM activation through physical interaction. A genome caretaker function has also been proposed for WWOX, as it was found that WWOX sufficiency decreases homology directed repair (HDR) and supports non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair as the dominant DSB repair pathway by Brca1-Wwox interaction. In breast cancer cells, WWOX was also found to modulate the expression of glycolysis pathway genes, through hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1α (HIF1α) regulation. The paper presents the current state of knowledge regarding the WWOX tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer, as well as future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pospiech
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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37
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Somatic loss of WWOX is associated with TP53 perturbation in basal-like breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:832. [PMID: 30082886 PMCID: PMC6079009 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), the gene product of the common fragile site FRA16D, is a common event in breast cancer and is associated with worse prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and basal-like breast cancer (BLBC). Despite recent progress, the role of WWOX in driving breast carcinogenesis remains unknown. Here we report that ablation of Wwox in mammary tumor-susceptible mice results in increased tumorigenesis, and that the resultant tumors resemble human BLBC. Interestingly, copy number loss of Trp53 and downregulation of its transcript levels were observed in the Wwox knockout tumors. Moreover, tumors isolated from Wwox and Trp53 mutant mice were indistinguishable histologically and transcriptionally. Finally, we find that deletion of TP53 and WWOX co-occurred and is associated with poor survival of breast cancer patients. Altogether, our data uncover an essential role for WWOX as a bona fide breast cancer tumor suppressor through the maintenance of p53 stability.
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38
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Abu-Remaileh M, Khalaileh A, Pikarsky E, Aqeilan RI. WWOX controls hepatic HIF1α to suppress hepatocyte proliferation and neoplasia. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:511. [PMID: 29724996 PMCID: PMC5938702 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies with very poor prognosis once diagnosed. The most common form of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is a large gene that is often perturbed in a wide variety of tumors, including HCC. WWOX has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor modulating cellular metabolism via regulating hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) levels and function. Given that WWOX is commonly inactivated in HCC, we set to determine whether specific targeted deletion of murine Wwox affects liver biology and HCC development. WWOX liver-specific knockout mice (Wwox ΔHep ) showed more potent liver regeneration potential and enhanced proliferation as compared with their control littermates. Moreover, WWOX deficiency in hepatocytes combined with diethylnitrosamine treatment increased the tumor burden, which was associated with increased HIF1α levels and target gene transactivation. Inhibition of HIF1α by systemic treatment with digoxin significantly delayed HCC formation. Our work suggests that WWOX inactivation has a central role in promoting HCC through rewiring of cellular metabolism and modulating proliferation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Diethylnitrosamine/pharmacology
- Digoxin/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/etiology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Prognosis
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/deficiency
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- WW Domain-Containing Oxidoreductase/deficiency
- WW Domain-Containing Oxidoreductase/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhannad Abu-Remaileh
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abed Khalaileh
- Department of Surgery, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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39
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Cunningham AD, Qvit N, Mochly-Rosen D. Peptides and peptidomimetics as regulators of protein-protein interactions. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2017; 44:59-66. [PMID: 28063303 PMCID: PMC5496809 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are essential for almost all intracellular and extracellular biological processes. Regulation of protein-protein interactions is one strategy to regulate cell fate in a highly selective manner. Specifically, peptides are ideal candidates for inhibition of protein-protein interactions because they can mimic a protein surface to effectively compete for binding. Additionally, peptides are synthetically accessible and can be stabilized by chemical modifications. In this review, we survey screening and rational design methods for identifying peptides to inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as methods for stabilizing peptides to effectively mimic protein surfaces. In addition, we discuss recent applications of peptides to regulate protein-protein interactions for both basic research and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D Cunningham
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA
| | - Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA.
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA.
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40
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Hazan I, Hofmann TG, Aqeilan RI. Tumor Suppressor Genes within Common Fragile Sites Are Active Players in the DNA Damage Response. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006436. [PMID: 27977694 PMCID: PMC5157955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of common fragile sites (CFSs) in cancer remains controversial. Two main views dominate the discussion: one suggests that CFS loci are hotspots of genomic instability leading to inactivation of genes encoded within them, while the other view proposes that CFSs are functional units and that loss of the encoded genes confers selective pressure, leading to cancer development. The latter view is supported by emerging evidence showing that expression of a given CFS is associated with genome integrity and that inactivation of CFS-resident tumor suppressor genes leads to dysregulation of the DNA damage response (DDR) and increased genomic instability. These two viewpoints of CFS function are not mutually exclusive but rather coexist; when breaks at CFSs are not repaired accurately, this can lead to deletions by which cells acquire growth advantage because of loss of tumor suppressor activities. Here, we review recent advances linking some CFS gene products with the DDR, genomic instability, and carcinogenesis and discuss how their inactivation might represent a selective advantage for cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idit Hazan
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Thomas G. Hofmann
- Cellular Senescence Group, Department of Epigenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rami I. Aqeilan
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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WWOX modulates the ATR-mediated DNA damage checkpoint response. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4344-55. [PMID: 26675548 PMCID: PMC4826209 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For many decades genomic instability is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. Role of the tumor suppressor WWOX (WW domain-containing oxidoreductase) in DNA damage response upon double strand breaks has been recently revealed. Here we demonstrate unforeseen functions for WWOX upon DNA single strand breaks (SSBs) checkpoint activation. We found that WWOX levels are induced following SSBs and accumulate in the nucleus. WWOX deficiency is associated with reduced activation of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) checkpoint proteins and increased chromosomal breaks. At the molecular level, we show that upon SSBs WWOX is modified at lysine 274 by ubiquitination mediated by the ubiquitin E3 ligase ITCH and interacts with ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM). Interestingly, ATM inhibition was associated with reduced activation of ATR checkpoint proteins suggesting that WWOX manipulation of ATR checkpoint proteins is ATM-dependent. Taken together, the present findings indicate that WWOX plays a key role in ATR checkpoint activation, while its absence might facilitate genomic instability.
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Abstract
Itch or itchy E3 ubiquitin ligase was initially discovered by genetic studies on the mouse coat color changes, and its deletion results in an itchy phenotype with constant skin scratching and multi-organ inflammation. It is a member of the homologous to E6-associated protein C-terminus (HECT)-type family of E3 ligases, with the protein-interacting WW-domains for the recruitment of substrate and the HECT domain for the transfer of ubiquitin to the substrate. Since its discovery, numerous studies have demonstrated that Itch is involved in the control of many aspects of immune responses including T-cell activation and tolerance and T-helper cell differentiation. Itch is also implicated in other biological contexts such as tumorigenesis, development, and stress responses. Many signaling pathways are regulated by Itch-promoted ubiquitylation of diverse target proteins. Itch is also involved in human diseases. Here, we discuss the major progress in understanding the biological significance of Itch-promoted protein ubiquitylation in the immune and other systems and in Itch-mediated regulation of signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Aki
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Cai Liu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Schirmer MA, Lüske CM, Roppel S, Schaudinn A, Zimmer C, Pflüger R, Haubrock M, Rapp J, Güngör C, Bockhorn M, Hackert T, Hank T, Strobel O, Werner J, Izbicki JR, Johnsen SA, Gaedcke J, Brockmöller J, Ghadimi BM. Relevance of Sp Binding Site Polymorphism in WWOX for Treatment Outcome in Pancreatic Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djv387. [PMID: 26857392 PMCID: PMC4859408 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) suggested inherited genetic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting overall survival (OS) in advanced pancreatic cancer. To identify robust clinical biomarkers, we tested the strongest reported candidate loci in an independent patient cohort, assessed cellular drug sensitivity, and evaluated molecular effects. Methods: This study comprised 381 patients with histologically verified pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treated with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. The primary outcome was the relationship between germline polymorphisms and OS. Functional assays addressed pharmacological dose-response effects in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and pancreatic cancer cell lines (including upon RNAi), gene expression analyses, and allele-specific transcription factor binding. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The A allele (26% in Caucasians) at SNP rs11644322 in the putative tumor suppressor gene WWOX conferred worse prognosis. Median OS was 14 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 12 to 15 months), 13 months (95% CI = 11 to 15 months), and nine months (95% CI = 7 to 12 months) for the GG, GA, and AA genotypes, respectively (Ptrend < .001 for trend in univariate log-rank assuming a codominant mode of inheritance; advanced disease subgroup Ptrend < .001). Mean OS was 25 months (95% CI = 21 to 29 months), 19 months (95% CI = 15 to 22 months), and 13 months (95% CI = 10 to 16 months), respectively. This effect held true after adjustment for age, performance status according to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group classification, TNM, grading, and resection status and was comparable with the strongest established prognostic factors in multivariable analysis. Consistently, reduced responsiveness to gemcitabine, but not 5-fluorouracil, along with lower WWOX expression was demonstrated in LCLs harboring the AA genotype. Likewise, RNAi-mediated WWOX knockdown in pancreatic cancer cells confirmed differential cytostatic drug sensitivity. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, the A allele exhibited weaker binding of Sp family members Sp1/Sp3. Conclusions: WWOX rs11644322 represents a major predictive factor in gemcitabine-treated pancreatic cancer. Decreased WWOX expression may interfere with gemcitabine sensitivity, and allele-specific binding at rs11644332 might be a causative molecular mechanism behind the observed clinical associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus A Schirmer
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - Claudia M Lüske
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - Sebastian Roppel
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - Alexander Schaudinn
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - Christian Zimmer
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - Ruben Pflüger
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - Martin Haubrock
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - Jacobe Rapp
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - Cenap Güngör
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - Maximilian Bockhorn
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - Thomas Hank
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - Jens Werner
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - Jochen Gaedcke
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - Jürgen Brockmöller
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
| | - B Michael Ghadimi
- Affiliations of authors:Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (MAS, CML, SR, AS, CZ, RP, JB), Institute of Bioinformatics (MH), Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery (CML, SR, JR, SAJ, JG, BMG), and Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology (MAS), University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany ; Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany (CG, MB, JRI); Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany (THac, THan, OS, JW)
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Wu CH, Liu IJ, Lu RM, Wu HC. Advancement and applications of peptide phage display technology in biomedical science. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:8. [PMID: 26786672 PMCID: PMC4717660 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial phage library is a powerful research tool for high-throughput screening of protein interactions. Of all available molecular display techniques, phage display has proven to be the most popular approach. Screening phage-displayed random peptide libraries is an effective means of identifying peptides that can bind target molecules and regulate their function. Phage-displayed peptide libraries can be used for (i) B-cell and T-cell epitope mapping, (ii) selection of bioactive peptides bound to receptors or proteins, disease-specific antigen mimics, peptides bound to non-protein targets, cell-specific peptides, or organ-specific peptides, and (iii) development of peptide-mediated drug delivery systems and other applications. Targeting peptides identified using phage display technology may be useful for basic research and translational medicine. In this review article, we summarize the latest technological advancements in the application of phage-displayed peptide libraries to applied biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsun Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Liu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Min Lu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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Pusung M, Zeki S, Fitzgerald R. Genomics of Esophageal Cancer and Biomarkers for Early Detection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 908:237-63. [PMID: 27573775 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41388-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In-depth molecular characterization of esophageal oncogenesis has improved over the recent years. Advancement in molecular biology and bioinformatics has led to better understanding of its genomic landscape. More specifically, analysis of its pathogenesis at the genetic level has uncovered the involvement of a number of tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle regulators, and receptor tyrosine kinases. Due to its poor prognosis, the development of clinically applicable biomarkers for diagnosis, progression, and treatment has been the focus of many research studies concentrating on upper gastrointestinal malignancies. As in other cancers, early detection and subsequent intervention of the preneoplastic condition significantly improves patient outcomes. Currently, clinically approved surveillance practices heavily depend on expensive, invasive, and sampling-error-prone endoscopic procedures. There is, therefore, a great demand to establish clearly reliable biomarkers that could identify those patients at higher risk of neoplastic progression and hence would greatly benefit from further monitoring and/or intervention. This chapter will present the most recent advances in the analysis of the esophageal cancer genome serving as basis for biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pusung
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Choi HJ, Park JH, Park JH, Lee KB, Oh SM. Pc2-mediated SUMOylation of WWOX is essential for its suppression of DU145 prostate tumorigenesis. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3977-88. [PMID: 26592150 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is depleted in various cancer types. Here we report that WWOX is modified by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins and represses DU145 prostate cancer tumorigenesis in a SUMOylation-dependent manner. Ectopic WWOX was shown to associate with SUMO2/3 or E2 Ubc9. Furthermore, we revealed that WWOX SUMOylation was promoted by E3 ligase polycomb2 (Pc2), and that WWOX associated with Pc2. Meanwhile, anisomycin-induced activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity was markedly diminished by co-expression of SUMO and WWOX. Also, WWOX wild type (WT), but not WWOX SUMO mutant (K176A) markedly reduced both DU145 prostate cancer cell proliferation and xenograft tumorigenesis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that SUMO modification of WWOX is essential for its suppressive activity for DU145 prostate cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-832, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-832, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-832, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Muk Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-832, Republic of Korea.
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47
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Abu-Remaileh M, Joy-Dodson E, Schueler-Furman O, Aqeilan RI. Pleiotropic Functions of Tumor Suppressor WWOX in Normal and Cancer Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30728-35. [PMID: 26499798 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.676346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), originally marked as a likely tumor suppressor gene, has over the years become recognized for its role in a much wider range of cellular activities. Phenotypic effects displayed in animal studies, along with resolution of WWOX's architecture, fold, and binding partners, point to the protein's multifaceted biological functions. Results from a series of complementary experiments seem to indicate WWOX's involvement in metabolic regulation. More recently, clinical studies involving cases of severe encephalopathy suggest that WWOX also plays a part in controlling CNS development, further expanding our understanding of the breadth and complexity of WWOX behavior. Here we present a short overview of the various approaches taken to study this dynamic gene, emphasizing the most recent findings regarding WWOX's metabolic- and CNS-associated functions and their underlying molecular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Joy-Dodson
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel 91120
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel 91120
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- From the Departments of Immunology & Cancer Research and
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Choo A, O'Keefe LV, Lee CS, Gregory SL, Shaukat Z, Colella A, Lee K, Denton D, Richards RI. Tumor suppressor WWOX moderates the mitochondrial respiratory complex. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 54:745-61. [PMID: 26390919 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile site FRA16D exhibits DNA instability in cancer, resulting in diminished levels of protein from the WWOX gene that spans it. WWOX suppresses tumor growth by an undefined mechanism. WWOX participates in pathways involving aerobic metabolism and reactive oxygen species. WWOX comprises two WW domains as well as a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase enzyme. Herein is described an in vivo genetic analysis in Drosophila melanogaster to identify functional interactions between WWOX and metabolic pathways. Altered WWOX levels modulate variable cellular outgrowths caused by genetic deficiencies of components of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes. This modulation requires the enzyme active site of WWOX, and the defective respiratory complex-induced cellular outgrowths are mediated by reactive oxygen species, dependent upon the Akt pathway and sensitive to levels of autophagy and hypoxia-inducible factor. WWOX is known to contribute to homeostasis by regulating the balance between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Reduction of WWOX levels results in diminished ability to respond to metabolic perturbation of normal cell growth. Thus, the ability of WWOX to facilitate escape from mitochondrial damage-induced glycolysis (Warburg effect) is, therefore, a plausible mechanism for its tumor suppressor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Choo
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Louise V O'Keefe
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Cheng Shoou Lee
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Stephen L Gregory
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Zeeshan Shaukat
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Alexander Colella
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Kristie Lee
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Donna Denton
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Robert I Richards
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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The ubiquitin E3 ligase ITCH enhances breast tumor progression by inhibiting the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10886-900. [PMID: 25350971 PMCID: PMC4279417 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo kinase pathway is emerging as a conserved signaling pathway that is essential for organ growth and tumorigenesis. Recently, we reported that the ubiquitin E3 ligase ITCH negatively regulates LATS1, thereby increasing YAP activity, which leads to increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Here, we investigated the role of ITCH in breast tumorigenesis. In particular, we show that ITCH enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through boosting YAP oncogenic function. By contrast, a point mutation in the catalytic domain or WW1 domain of ITCH abolished its EMT-mediated effects. Furthermore, while overexpression of ITCH expression in breast cells is associated with increased incidence of mammary tumor formation and progression, its knockdown inhibited breast cancer cell tumorigenicity and metastasis. Importantly, YAP knockdown was able to attenuate ITCH pro-tumorigenic functions. Lastly, we found that ITCH expression is significantly upregulated in invasive and metastatic breast cancer cases and is associated with worse survival. Together, our results reveal that ITCH pro-tumorigenic functions in breast cancer are mediated, at least in part, through inactivation of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway.
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Zou X, Levy-Cohen G, Blank M. Molecular functions of NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:91-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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