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Fjære E, Secher Myrmel L, Rasinger JD, Bernhard A, Frøyland L, Madsen L. Refined mackerel oil increases hepatic lipid accumulation and reduces choline and choline-containing metabolites in the liver tissue in mice fed a Western diet. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113450. [PMID: 37803779 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of consuming refined mackerel oil (MO) from rest raw material on hepatic fat accumulation, glucose tolerance, and metabolomic changes in the liver from male C57BL/6N mice. The mice were fed either a Western diet (WD) or a chow diet, with 30 g or 60 g MO per kg of diet (3% or 6%) for 13 weeks. Body weight, energy intake, and feed efficiency were monitored throughout the experiment. A glucose tolerance test was conducted after 11 weeks, and metabolomic analyses of the liver were performed at termination. Inclusion of MO in the WD, but not in the chow diet, led to increased liver weight, hepatic lipid accumulation, elevated fasting blood glucose, reduced glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity. Hepatic levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid increased, but no changes in levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were observed. The liver metabolomic profile was different between mice fed a WD with or without MO, with a reduction in choline ether lipids, phosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelins in mice fed MO. This study demonstrates that supplementing the WD, but not the chow diet, with refined MO accelerates accumulation of hepatic fat droplets and negatively affects blood glucose regulation. The detrimental effects of supplementing a WD with MO were accompanied by increased fat digestibility and overall energy intake, and lower levels of choline and choline-containing metabolites in liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
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2
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Shin S. Regulation of Adipose Tissue Biology by Long-Chain Fatty Acids: Metabolic Effects and Molecular Mechanisms. J Obes Metab Syndr 2022; 31:147-160. [PMID: 35691686 PMCID: PMC9284576 DOI: 10.7570/jomes22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) modulate metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory responses, and the physiological effects of LCFA are determined by chain length and the degree of saturation. Adipose tissues comprise multiple cell types, and play a significant role in energy storage and expenditure. Fatty acid uptake and oxidation are the pathways through which fatty acids participate in the regulation of energy homeostasis, and their dysregulation can lead to the development of obesity and chronic obesity-related disorders, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. Numerous studies have reported that many aspects of adipose tissue biology are influenced by the number and position of double bonds in LCFA, and these effects are mediated by various signaling pathways, including those regulating adipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis), thermogenesis, and inflammation in adipose tissue. This review aims to describe the underlying molecular mechanisms by which different types of LCFA influence adipose tissue metabolism, and to further clarify their relevance to metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity. A better understanding of the effects of LCFA on adipose tissue metabolism may lead to improved nutraceutical strategies to address obesity and obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhye Shin
- Major of Food and Nutrition, Division of Applied Food System, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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3
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NSAID-Induced Enteropathy Affects Regulation of Hepatic Glucose Production by Decreasing GLP-1 Secretion. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010120. [PMID: 35010994 PMCID: PMC8746549 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Given their widespread use and their notorious effects on the lining of gut cells, including the enteroendocrine cells, we explored if chronic exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) affects metabolic balance in a mouse model of NSAID-induced enteropathy. METHOD We administered variable NSAIDs to C57Blk/6J mice through intragastric gavage and measured their energy balance, glucose hemostasis, and GLP-1 levels. We treated them with Exendin-9 and Exendin-4 and ran a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. RESULTS Chronic administration of multiple NSAIDs to C57Blk/6J mice induces ileal ulcerations and weight loss in animals consuming a high-fat diet. Despite losing weight, NSAID-treated mice exhibit no improvement in their glucose tolerance. Furthermore, glucose-stimulated (glucagon-like peptide -1) GLP-1 is significantly attenuated in the NSAID-treated groups. In addition, Exendin-9-a GLP-1 receptor antagonist-worsens glucose tolerance in the control group but not in the NSAID-treated group. Finally, the hyper-insulinemic euglycemic clamp study shows that endogenous glucose production, total glucose disposal, and their associated insulin levels were similar among an ibuprofen-treated group and its control. Exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, reduces insulin levels in the ibuprofen group compared to their controls for the same glucose exchange rates. CONCLUSIONS Chronic NSAID use can induce small intestinal ulcerations, which can affect intestinal GLP-1 production, hepatic insulin sensitivity, and consequently, hepatic glucose production.
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Pichavaram P, Shawky NM, Hartney TJ, Jun JY, Segar L. Imatinib improves insulin resistance and inhibits injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia in high fat diet-fed mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 890:173666. [PMID: 33131722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib, a PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been shown to suppress intimal hyperplasia in different animal models under normal metabolic milieu, diabetic, and/or hypercholesterolemic conditions. However, the impact of imatinib treatment on injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia has not yet been investigated in the setting of insulin resistance without frank diabetes. Using a mouse model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance and guidewire-induced arterial injury, the present study demonstrates that intraperitoneal administration of imatinib (25 mg/kg/day) for ~3 weeks resulted in a marked attenuation of neointimal hyperplasia (intima/media ratio) by ~78% (n = 6-9 per group; P < 0.05). Imatinib treatment also led to significant improvements in key metabolic parameters. In particular, imatinib improved insulin resistance and glucose tolerance, as revealed by complete inhibition of HFD-induced increase in HOMA-IR index and AUCIPGTT, respectively. In addition, imatinib treatment led to diminutions in HFD-induced increases in plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides by ~73% and ~59%, respectively. Furthermore, imatinib decreased HFD-induced increase in visceral fat accumulation by ~51% (as determined by epididymal white adipose tissue weight). Importantly, imatinib treatment in HFD-fed mice enhanced plasma levels of high-molecular-weight adiponectin by ~2-fold without affecting total adiponectin. However, there were no significant changes in mean arterial pressure in insulin-resistant state or after imatinib exposure, as measured by tail-cuff method. Together, the present findings suggest that targeting PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase using imatinib may provide a realistic treatment option to prevent injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia and diet-induced insulin resistance in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prahalathan Pichavaram
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Noha M Shawky
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | | | - John Y Jun
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lakshman Segar
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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5
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Fjære E, Myrmel LS, Dybing K, Kuda O, Holbech Jensen BA, Rossmeisl M, Frøyland L, Kristiansen K, Madsen L. The Anti-Obesogenic Effect of Lean Fish Species is Influenced by the Fatty Acid Composition in Fish Fillets. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3038. [PMID: 33022997 PMCID: PMC7600456 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fillets from marine fish species contain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the form of phospholipids (PLs). To investigate the importance of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs in mediating the anti-obesogenic effect of lean seafood, we compared the anti-obesogenic properties of fillets from cod with fillets from pangasius, a fresh water fish with a very low content of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs. We prepared high-fat/high-protein diets using chicken, cod and pangasius as the protein sources, and fed male C57BL/6J mice these diets for 12 weeks. Mice fed the diet containing cod gained less adipose tissue mass and had smaller white adipocytes than mice fed the chicken-containing diet, whereas mice fed the pangasius-containing diet were in between mice fed the chicken-containing diet and mice fed the cod-containing diet. Of note, mice fed the pangasius-containing diet exhibited reduced glucose tolerance compared to mice fed the cod-containing diet. Although the sum of marine n-3 PUFAs comprised less than 2% of the total fatty acids in the cod-containing diet, this was sufficient to significantly increase the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) in mouse tissues and enhance production of n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators as compared with mice fed pangasius or chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Lene Secher Myrmel
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Karianne Dybing
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (O.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Benjamin Anderschou Holbech Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (O.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Livar Frøyland
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
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6
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Tyagi A, Kamal MA, Poddar NK. Integrated Pathways of COX-2 and mTOR: Roles in Cell Sensing and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:693. [PMID: 32742252 PMCID: PMC7364283 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases (COX) are enzymes catalyzing arachidonic acid into prostanoids. COX exists in three isoforms: COX-1, 2, and 3. COX-1 and COX-2 have been widely studied in order to explore and understand their involvement in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neuroinflammatory dementia. COX-2 was traditionally viewed to be expressed only under pathological conditions and to have detrimental effects in AD pathophysiology and neurodegeneration. However, an increasing number of reports point to much more complex roles of COX-2 in AD. Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been considered as a hub which integrates multiple signaling cascades, some of which are also involved in AD progression. COX-2 and mTOR are both involved in environmental sensing, growth, and metabolic processes of the cell. They are also known to act in cooperation in many different cancers and thus, their role together in normal cellular functions as well as AD has been explored in this review. Some of the therapeutic approaches targeting COX-2 and mTOR in AD and cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Tyagi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
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7
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Qiu Y, Yu H, Zeng R, Guo S, Daniyal M, Deng Z, Wang A, Wang W. Recent Development on Anti-Obesity Compounds and their Mechanisms of Action: A Review. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3577-3597. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190215114359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, associated with a series of complications such as diabetes, hypertension, and
heart disease, is a great threat to human health and leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Despite
the presence of anti-obesity agents on the market, the application of these drugs is limited because
of their typical side effects. More effective and safe weight-loss drugs are being pursued by
many researchers, correspondingly, growing small molecules and natural products with anti-obesity
effects have been identified and the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of the novel and
known compounds have at least partially been revealed. Therefore, the field does witness great progress
year by year. In this review, we intend to provide a comprehensive and updated view on the
known and novel compounds which possess anti-obesity effects and further classify them according
to the molecular mechanisms of their actions in regulating the major anti-obesity pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Qiu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Huanghe Yu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Shiyin Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Zeyu Deng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Aibing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine & Protein Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
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8
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Nakano T, Topham MK, Goto K. Mice lacking DGKε show increased beige adipogenesis in visceral white adipose tissue after long-term high fat diet in a COX-2- dependent manner. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100659. [PMID: 31607681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a central site for energy storage in the form of triglyceride (TG). Under excess energy conditions, TG is synthesized by acylation of diacylglycerol (DG), whereas TG is broken down into DG and free fatty acid, which provide energy for mitochondrial lipid oxidation when needed. In this regard, DG is not merely an intermediate metabolite for TG metabolism; it also serves as a signaling molecule. DG kinase (DGK) phosphorylates DG to produce phosphatidic acid (PA). Consequently, DGK plays a pivotal role in the control of lipid metabolism and signal transduction pathway. Recently, a report has described that DGKε-knockout (KO) mice show expansion of epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) together with the impairment of glucose clearance after short-term (40 days) high fat diet (HFD) feeding, an early presymptomatic phase of obesity in wild-type animals. Nevertheless, no report describes an investigation of their phenotype under long-term HFD feeding conditions. Remarkably, results obtained during long-term HFD feeding show that WAT mass is decreased significantly and that the blood glucose profile in response to glucose challenge is improved in DGKε-KO mice compared with wild-type, which contrast sharply against the phenotype shown for short-term HFD feeding. Morphological examination reveals that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and clusters of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-positive multilocular brown-like ("beige") adipocyte are induced in DGKε-deficient WAT after long-term HFD feeding, suggesting that beige adipocytes facilitate energy expenditure during prolonged HFD feeding. Administration of celecoxib, a selective inhibitor of COX-2, abolishes the appearance of UCP1-positive beige adipocytes in DGKε-KO mice. These findings suggest that DGKε deficiency promotes visceral WAT remodeling in a COX-2-dependent manner under long-term HFD feeding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Nakano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata City, Yamagata, 9909585, Japan.
| | - Matthew K Topham
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Kaoru Goto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata City, Yamagata, 9909585, Japan
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9
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Banhos Danneskiold-Samsøe N, Sonne SB, Larsen JM, Hansen AN, Fjære E, Isidor MS, Petersen S, Henningsen J, Severi I, Sartini L, Schober Y, Wolf J, Nockher WA, Wolfrum C, Cinti S, Sina C, Hansen JB, Madsen L, Brix S, Kristiansen K. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in adipocytes reduces fat accumulation in inguinal white adipose tissue and hepatic steatosis in high-fat fed mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8979. [PMID: 31222118 PMCID: PMC6586826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases are known as important regulators of metabolism and immune processes via conversion of C20 fatty acids into various regulatory lipid mediators, and cyclooxygenase activity has been implicated in browning of white adipose tissues. We generated transgenic (TG) C57BL/6 mice expressing the Ptgs2 gene encoding cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mature adipocytes. TG mice fed a high-fat diet displayed marginally lower weight gain with less hepatic steatosis and a slight improvement in insulin sensitivity, but no difference in glucose tolerance. Compared to littermate wildtype mice, TG mice selectively reduced inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) mass and fat cell size, whereas the epididymal (eWAT) fat depot remained unchanged. The changes in iWAT were accompanied by increased levels of specific COX-derived lipid mediators and increased mRNA levels of interleukin-33, interleukin-4 and arginase-1, but not increased expression of uncoupling protein 1 or increased energy expenditure. Epididymal WAT (eWAT) in TG mice exhibited few changes except from increased infiltration with eosinophils. Our findings suggest a role for COX-2-derived lipid mediators from adipocytes in mediating type 2 immunity cues in subcutaneous WAT associated with decreased hepatic steatosis, but with no accompanying induction of browning and increased energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Banhos Danneskiold-Samsøe
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Si Brask Sonne
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Madura Larsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ann Normann Hansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 7800, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marie Sophie Isidor
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sidsel Petersen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Henningsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilenia Severi
- School of Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Loris Sartini
- School of Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Yvonne Schober
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Wolf
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - W Andreas Nockher
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, SLA C94, Schorenstrasse 16, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Saverio Cinti
- School of Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jacob B Hansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 7800, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Institute of Metagenomics, BGI-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
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10
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The Impact of Different Animal-Derived Protein Sources on Adiposity and Glucose Homeostasis during Ad Libitum Feeding and Energy Restriction in Already Obese Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051153. [PMID: 31126082 PMCID: PMC6567247 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-fat diets and energy restriction are recommended to prevent obesity and to induce weight loss, but high-protein diets are popular alternatives. However, the importance of the protein source in obesity prevention and weight loss is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of different animal protein sources to prevent or reverse obesity by using lean or obese C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat/high-protein or low-fat diets with casein, cod or pork as protein sources. Only the high-fat/high-protein casein-based diet completely prevented obesity development when fed to lean mice. In obese mice, ad libitum intake of a casein-based high-fat/high-protein diet modestly reduced body mass, whereas a pork-based high-fat/high-protein diet aggravated the obese state and reduced lean body mass. Caloric restriction of obese mice fed high-fat/high-protein diets reduced body weight and fat mass and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, irrespective of the protein source. Finally, in obese mice, ad libitum intake of a low-fat diet stabilized body weight, reduced fat mass and increased lean body mass, with the highest loss of fat mass found in mice fed the casein-based diet. Combined with caloric restriction, the casein-based low-fat diet resulted in the highest loss of fat mass. Overall, the dietary protein source has greater impact in obesity prevention than obesity reversal.
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11
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Colson C, Ghandour RA, Dufies O, Rekima S, Loubat A, Munro P, Boyer L, Pisani DF. Diet Supplementation in ω3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Favors an Anti-Inflammatory Basal Environment in Mouse Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020438. [PMID: 30791540 PMCID: PMC6412622 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are metabolized from dietary ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and are involved in an inflammatory response. Adipose tissue inflammatory background is a key factor of metabolic disorders and it is accepted that dietary fatty acids, in terms of quality and quantity, modulate oxylipin synthesis in this tissue. Moreover, it has been reported that diet supplementation in ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids resolves some inflammatory situations. Thus, it is crucial to assess the influence of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on oxylipin synthesis and their impact on adipose tissue inflammation. To this end, mice fed an ω6- or ω3-enriched standard diet (ω6/ω3 ratio of 30 and 3.75, respectively) were analyzed for inflammatory phenotype and adipose tissue oxylipin content. Diet enrichment with an ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid induced an increase in the oxylipins derived from ω6 linoleic acid, ω3 eicosapentaenoic, and ω3 docosahexaenoic acids in brown and white adipose tissues. Among these, the level of pro-resolving mediator intermediates, as well as anti-inflammatory metabolites, were augmented. Concomitantly, expressions of M2 macrophage markers were increased without affecting inflammatory cytokine contents. In vitro, these metabolites did not activate macrophages but participated in macrophage polarization by inflammatory stimuli. In conclusion, we demonstrated that an ω3-enriched diet, in non-obesogenic non-inflammatory conditions, induced synthesis of oxylipins which were involved in an anti-inflammatory response as well as enhancement of the M2 macrophage molecular signature, without affecting inflammatory cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Colson
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06107 Nice, France.
| | | | - Océane Dufies
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, 06107 Nice, France.
| | - Samah Rekima
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06107 Nice, France.
| | - Agnès Loubat
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06107 Nice, France.
| | - Patrick Munro
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, 06107 Nice, France.
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, 06107 Nice, France.
| | - Didier F Pisani
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06107 Nice, France.
- Didier Pisani, Laboratoire de PhysioMédecine Moléculaire-LP2M, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice CEDEX 2, France.
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12
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L-PGDS-produced PGD 2 in premature, but not in mature, adipocytes increases obesity and insulin resistance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1931. [PMID: 30760783 PMCID: PMC6374461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (L-PGDS) is responsible for the production of PGD2 in adipocytes and is selectively induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in adipose tissue. In this study, we investigated the effects of HFD on obesity and insulin resistance in two distinct types of adipose-specific L-PGDS gene knockout (KO) mice: fatty acid binding protein 4 (fabp4, aP2)-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox and adiponectin (AdipoQ)-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice. The L-PGDS gene was deleted in adipocytes in the premature stage of the former strain and after maturation of the latter strain. The L-PGDS expression and PGD2 production levels decreased in white adipose tissue (WAT) under HFD conditions only in the aP2-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice, but were unchanged in the AdipoQ-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice. When fed an HFD, aP2-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice significantly reduced body weight gain, adipocyte size, and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In WAT of the HFD-fed aP2-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice, the expression levels of the adipogenic, lipogenic, and M1 macrophage marker genes were decreased, whereas those of the lipolytic and M2 macrophage marker genes were enhanced or unchanged. Insulin sensitivity was improved in the HFD-fed aP2-Cre/L-PGDSflox/flox mice. These results indicate that PGD2 produced by L-PGDS in premature adipocytes is involved in the regulation of body weight gain and insulin resistance under nutrient-dense conditions.
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13
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Fjære E, Myrmel LS, Lützhøft DO, Andersen H, Holm JB, Kiilerich P, Hannisdal R, Liaset B, Kristiansen K, Madsen L. Effects of exercise and dietary protein sources on adiposity and insulin sensitivity in obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 66:98-109. [PMID: 30776610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Low-fat diets and exercise are generally assumed to ameliorate obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions, but the importance of exercise vs. dietary changes is debated. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet to induce obesity and then either maintained on the HF/HS or shifted to low-fat (LF) diets containing either salmon or entrecote. For each diet, half of the animals exercised voluntarily for 8 weeks. We determined body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and hepatic triacylglycerol levels. The microbiota composition in cecal and fecal samples was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Voluntary exercise improved insulin sensitivity but did not improve glucose tolerance. Voluntary exercise did not reduce adiposity in mice maintained on an HF/HS diet but enhanced LF-induced reduction in adiposity. Hepatic triacylglycerol levels were reduced by voluntary exercise in LF- but not HF/HS-fed mice. Voluntary exercise induced shifts in the cecal and fecal microbiota composition and functional potential in mice fed LF or HF/HS diets. Whereas voluntary exercise improved insulin sensitivity, a switch to an LF diet was the most important factor related to body weight and fat mass reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Ditte Olsen Lützhøft
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob Bak Holm
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia Kiilerich
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway; Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Hao L, Kearns J, Scott S, Wu D, Kodani SD, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Sun X, Zhao L, Wang S. Indomethacin Enhances Brown Fat Activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:467-475. [PMID: 29567865 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.246256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been shown to induce white adipocyte differentiation; however, its roles in brown adipocyte differentiation and activation in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and obesity are unknown. To address this issue, we treated mouse brown preadipocytes with different doses of indomethacin, and delivered indomethacin to interscapular BAT (iBAT) of obese mice using implanted osmotic pumps. Indomethacin dose dependently increased brown preadipocyte differentiation and upregulated both mRNA and protein expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ coactivator 1-alpha. The mechanistic study showed that indomethacin significantly activated the reporter driven by the PPAR response element, indicating that indomethacin may work as a PPARγ agonist in this cell line. Consistently, indomethacin significantly decreased iBAT mass and fasting blood glucose levels in high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice. Histologic analysis showed that brown adipocytes of indomethacin-treated mice contained smaller lipid droplets compared with control mice, suggesting that indomethacin alleviated the whitening of BAT induced by the high-fat diet. Moreover, indomethacin significantly increased UCP1 mRNA expression in iBAT. Taken together, this study indicates that indomethacin can promote mouse brown adipocyte differentiation, and might increase brown fat and glucose oxidation capacity in DIO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., S.W.); Department of Nutrition (J.K., L.Z.), and Research Computing Support (X.S.), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee; Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.); and Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California (S.D.K., C.M., B.D.H.)
| | - Jamie Kearns
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., S.W.); Department of Nutrition (J.K., L.Z.), and Research Computing Support (X.S.), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee; Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.); and Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California (S.D.K., C.M., B.D.H.)
| | - Sheyenne Scott
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., S.W.); Department of Nutrition (J.K., L.Z.), and Research Computing Support (X.S.), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee; Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.); and Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California (S.D.K., C.M., B.D.H.)
| | - Dayong Wu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., S.W.); Department of Nutrition (J.K., L.Z.), and Research Computing Support (X.S.), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee; Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.); and Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California (S.D.K., C.M., B.D.H.)
| | - Sean D Kodani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., S.W.); Department of Nutrition (J.K., L.Z.), and Research Computing Support (X.S.), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee; Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.); and Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California (S.D.K., C.M., B.D.H.)
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., S.W.); Department of Nutrition (J.K., L.Z.), and Research Computing Support (X.S.), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee; Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.); and Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California (S.D.K., C.M., B.D.H.)
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., S.W.); Department of Nutrition (J.K., L.Z.), and Research Computing Support (X.S.), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee; Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.); and Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California (S.D.K., C.M., B.D.H.)
| | - Xiaocun Sun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., S.W.); Department of Nutrition (J.K., L.Z.), and Research Computing Support (X.S.), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee; Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.); and Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California (S.D.K., C.M., B.D.H.)
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., S.W.); Department of Nutrition (J.K., L.Z.), and Research Computing Support (X.S.), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee; Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.); and Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California (S.D.K., C.M., B.D.H.)
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (L.H., S.S., S.W.); Department of Nutrition (J.K., L.Z.), and Research Computing Support (X.S.), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee; Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (D.W.); and Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California (S.D.K., C.M., B.D.H.)
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15
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Ghandour RA, Colson C, Giroud M, Maurer S, Rekima S, Ailhaud G, Klingenspor M, Amri EZ, Pisani DF. Impact of dietary ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on brown and brite adipocyte function. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:452-461. [PMID: 29343538 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m081091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent characterization of functional brown adipose tissue in adult humans has opened new perspectives for regulation of energy expenditure with respect to obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, dietary recommendations have taken into account the insufficient dietary intake of ω3 PUFAs and the concomitant excessive intake of ω6 PUFA associated with the occurrence of overweight/obesity. We aimed to study whether ω3 PUFAs could play a role in the recruitment and function of energy-dissipating brown/brite adipocytes. We show that ω3 PUFA supplementation has a beneficial effect on the thermogenic function of adipocytes. In vivo, a low dietary ω6:ω3 ratio improved the thermogenic response of brown and white adipose tissues to β3-adrenergic stimulation. This effect was recapitulated in vitro by PUFA treatment of hMADS adipocytes. We pinpointed the ω6-derived eicosanoid prostaglandin (PG)F2α as the molecular origin because the effects were mimicked with a specific PGF2α receptor agonist. PGF2α level in hMADS adipocytes was reduced in response to ω3 PUFA supplementation. The recruitment of thermogenic adipocytes is influenced by the local quantity of individual oxylipins, which is controlled by the ω6:ω3 ratio of available lipids. In human nutrition, energy homeostasis may thus benefit from the implementation of a more balanced dietary ω6:ω3 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maude Giroud
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum, München, Germany
| | - Stefanie Maurer
- Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Samah Rekima
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| | | | - Martin Klingenspor
- Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
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16
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Jefferson GE, Schnell DM, Thomas DT, Bollinger LM. Calcitriol concomitantly enhances insulin sensitivity and alters myocellular lipid partitioning in high fat-treated skeletal muscle cells. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:613-621. [PMID: 28980208 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D reduces myocellular insulin resistance, but the effects of vitamin D on intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) partitioning are unknown. The purpose of this study was to understand how calcitriol, the active vitamin D metabolite, affects insulin sensitivity and lipid partitioning in skeletal muscle cells. C2C12 myotubes were treated with calcitriol (100 nM) or vehicle control for 96 h. Insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation (Thr 308) was determined by western blot. Intramyocellular triacylglycerol (IMTG), diacylglycerol (DAG), and ceramide content were measured by LC/MS. IMTG partitioning and lipid droplet accumulation were assessed by oil red O. Expression of genes involved in lipid droplet packaging and lipolysis were measured by RT-PCR. Compared to vehicle-treated myotubes, calcitriol augmented insulin-stimulated pAkt. Calcitriol increased total ceramides and DAG in a subspecies-specific manner. Specifically, calcitriol preferentially increased ceramide 24:1 (1.78 fold) and di-18:0 DAG (46.89 fold). Calcitriol increased total IMTG area as assessed by oil red O, but decreased the proportion of lipid within myotubes. Calcitriol increased mRNA content of genes involved in lipid droplet packaging (perilipin 2; PLIN 2, 2.07 fold) and lipolysis (comparative gene identification-58; CGI-58 and adipose triglyceride lipase; ATGL, ~ 1.80 fold). Calcitriol alters myocellular lipid partitioning and lipid droplet packaging which may favor lipid turnover and partially explain improvements in insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Jefferson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, 201 Seaton Bldg, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - David M Schnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - D Travis Thomas
- College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lance M Bollinger
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, 201 Seaton Bldg, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA. .,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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17
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Tian JJ, Lei CX, Ji H, Jin A. Role of cyclooxygenase-mediated metabolites in lipid metabolism and expression of some immune-related genes in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fed arachidonic acid. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:703-717. [PMID: 28012026 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid (ARA) to prostaglandins, and COX-mediated metabolites play important roles in the regulation of lipid metabolism and immunity in mammals. However, such roles of COX in fish remain largely unknown. In this study, we designed three semi-purified diets, namely ARA-free (control), ARA, and ARA + acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; a COX inhibitor), and used them to feed grass carp (27.65 ± 3.05 g) for 8 weeks. The results showed that dietary ARA significantly increased the amount of ARA in the hepatopancreas, muscle, and kidney (P < 0.05), whereas this increase was reduced by dietary ASA. The hepatopancreatic prostaglandin E2 content increased in the ARA group, and this increase was inhibited by ASA (P < 0.05). ARA decreased the lipid content in the hepatopancreas, whereas ASA recovered lipid content to a significant level (P < 0.05). ARA significantly decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase in the hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). However, ASA did not rescue the mRNA expression of these genes (P > 0.05). Interestingly, ARA significantly enhanced the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α gene expression, and this increase was attenuated by ASA (P < 0.05). Finally, ARA significantly enhanced the mRNA expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in the kidney, and ASA attenuated the expression of toll-like receptor 22 and MyD88 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that COX metabolites play important roles in the inhibition of lipid accumulation in the hepatopancreas of grass carp fed with ARA and that regulation of gene expression promotes lipid catabolism rather than lipogenic activities. Additionally, these eicosanoids might participate in the upregulation of immunity-related genes in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xia Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ai Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China
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18
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Xiao L, Sonne SB, Feng Q, Chen N, Xia Z, Li X, Fang Z, Zhang D, Fjære E, Midtbø LK, Derrien M, Hugenholtz F, Tang L, Li J, Zhang J, Liu C, Hao Q, Vogel UB, Mortensen A, Kleerebezem M, Licht TR, Yang H, Wang J, Li Y, Arumugam M, Wang J, Madsen L, Kristiansen K. High-fat feeding rather than obesity drives taxonomical and functional changes in the gut microbiota in mice. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:43. [PMID: 28390422 PMCID: PMC5385073 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that the microbiota of high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese mice differs from that of lean mice, but to what extent, this difference reflects the obese state or the diet is unclear. To dissociate changes in the gut microbiota associated with high HF feeding from those associated with obesity, we took advantage of the different susceptibility of C57BL/6JBomTac (BL6) and 129S6/SvEvTac (Sv129) mice to diet-induced obesity and of their different responses to inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, where inhibition of COX activity in BL6 mice prevents HF diet-induced obesity, but in Sv129 mice accentuates obesity. RESULTS Using HiSeq-based whole genome sequencing, we identified taxonomic and functional differences in the gut microbiota of the two mouse strains fed regular low-fat or HF diets with or without supplementation with the COX-inhibitor, indomethacin. HF feeding rather than obesity development led to distinct changes in the gut microbiota. We observed a robust increase in alpha diversity, gene count, abundance of genera known to be butyrate producers, and abundance of genes involved in butyrate production in Sv129 mice compared to BL6 mice fed either a LF or a HF diet. Conversely, the abundance of genes involved in propionate metabolism, associated with increased energy harvest, was higher in BL6 mice than Sv129 mice. CONCLUSIONS The changes in the composition of the gut microbiota were predominantly driven by high-fat feeding rather than reflecting the obese state of the mice. Differences in the abundance of butyrate and propionate producing bacteria in the gut may at least in part contribute to the observed differences in obesity propensity in Sv129 and BL6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Si Brask Sonne
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qiang Feng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ning Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | | | | | | | | | - Even Fjære
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Postboks 2029, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lisa Kolden Midtbø
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Postboks 2029, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Muriel Derrien
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6701 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Present address: Danone Research, TI Food and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Floor Hugenholtz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6701 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Junhua Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | | | - Chuan Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Qin Hao
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Birgitte Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alicja Mortensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6701 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | | | - Manimozhiyan Arumugam
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100 Denmark
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Postboks 2029, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Picklo MJ, Idso J, Seeger DR, Aukema HM, Murphy EJ. Comparative effects of high oleic acid vs high mixed saturated fatty acid obesogenic diets upon PUFA metabolism in mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 119:25-37. [PMID: 28410667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the fatty acid composition of obesogenic diets influences physiologic outcomes. There are scant data regarding how the content of non-essential fatty acids like monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) impact the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In this work, we tested the hypothesis that obesogenic diets enriched in oleic acid (OA; 18:1n-9) reduce polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels vs an obesogenic diet enriched in SFAs. Adult male mice were fed for eight weeks either (1) a control 16% fat energy (en) diet with 5.7% en OA and 4.4% en SFA, (2) a 50% fat en diet with 33% en OA and 9.9% en SFA, or (3) a 50% en diet with a high SFA diet with 33% en SFA and 9.1% en OA. Dietary levels and intake of linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) were constant between the experimental groups. Several peripheral organs (liver, heart, kidney, and adipose) were analyzed for lipid composition and oxylipin analysis was performed for liver and adipose. Our data demonstrate that a high OA diet reduced tissue content of LA and ALA (≥30%) in phospholipid and neutral lipid fractions, reduced the content of some LA-derived and ALA-derived oxylipins in liver and adipose, and conversely, elevated hepatic content of PGF2α. In all tissues examined, except for adipose, levels of arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) were either elevated or unaffected by the obesogenic diets. Our data indicate that the non-essential fatty content of obesogenic diets impacts PUFA content in peripheral tissues and influences the levels of bioactive oxylipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Picklo
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2nd Avenue North, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9034, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
| | - Joseph Idso
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 2420 2nd Avenue North, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9034, USA
| | - Drew R Seeger
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, USA
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Eric J Murphy
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, USA
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Danneskiold-Samsøe NB, Andersen D, Radulescu ID, Normann-Hansen A, Brejnrod A, Kragh M, Madsen T, Nielsen C, Josefsen K, Fretté X, Fjaere E, Madsen L, Hellgren LI, Brix S, Kristiansen K. A safflower oil based high-fat/high-sucrose diet modulates the gut microbiota and liver phospholipid profiles associated with early glucose intolerance in the absence of tissue inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Andersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ilinca Daria Radulescu
- Rigshospitalet Department 3733; Copenhagen Biocenter; The Bartholin Institute; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ann Normann-Hansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine; Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Asker Brejnrod
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine; Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Marie Kragh
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby Denmark
| | - Tobias Madsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby Denmark
| | - Christian Nielsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby Denmark
| | - Knud Josefsen
- Rigshospitalet Department 3733; Copenhagen Biocenter; The Bartholin Institute; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Xavier Fretté
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Biotechnology and Environmental Technology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
| | - Even Fjaere
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research; Bergen Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine; Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research; Bergen Norway
| | - Lars I. Hellgren
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby Denmark
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby Denmark
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine; Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- BGI-Shenzhen; Shenzhen China
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Barquissau V, Ghandour RA, Ailhaud G, Klingenspor M, Langin D, Amri EZ, Pisani DF. Control of adipogenesis by oxylipins, GPCRs and PPARs. Biochimie 2016; 136:3-11. [PMID: 28034718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are bioactive metabolites derived from the oxygenation of ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, triggered essentially by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activities. Oxylipins are involved in the development and function of adipose tissue and their productions are strictly related to diet quality and quantity. Oxylipins signal via cell surface membrane (G Protein-coupled receptors) and nuclear receptors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors), two pathways playing a pivotal role in adipocyte biology. In this review, we made an attempt to cover the available knowledge about synthesis and molecular function of oxylipins known to modulate adipogenesis, adipocyte function and phenotype conversion, with a focus on their interaction with peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Barquissau
- Inserm, UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, 31432, France; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, 31432, France
| | | | | | - Martin Klingenspor
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, 85350, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dominique Langin
- Inserm, UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, 31432, France; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, 31432, France; Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, 31059, France
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Dietary Arachidonic Acid Has a Time-Dependent Differential Impact on Adipogenesis Modulated via COX and LOX Pathways in Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Lipids 2016; 51:1325-1338. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Liisberg U, Myrmel LS, Fjære E, Rønnevik AK, Bjelland S, Fauske KR, Holm JB, Basse AL, Hansen JB, Liaset B, Kristiansen K, Madsen L. The protein source determines the potential of high protein diets to attenuate obesity development in C57BL/6J mice. Adipocyte 2016; 5:196-211. [PMID: 27386160 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion that the obesogenic potential of high fat diets in rodents is attenuated when the protein:carbohydrate ratio is increased is largely based on studies using casein or whey as the protein source. We fed C57BL/6J mice high fat-high protein diets using casein, soy, cod, beef, chicken or pork as protein sources. Casein stood out as the most efficient in preventing weight gain and accretion of adipose mass. By contrast, mice fed diets based on pork or chicken, and to a lesser extent mice fed cod or beef protein, had increased adipose tissue mass gain relative to casein fed mice. Decreasing the protein:carbohydrate ratio in diets with casein or pork as protein sources led to accentuated fat mass accumulation. Pork fed mice were more obese than casein fed mice, and relative to casein, the pork-based feed induced substantial accumulation of fat in classic interscapular brown adipose tissue accompanied by decreased UCP1 expression. Furthermore, intake of a low fat diet with casein, but not pork, as a protein source reversed diet-induced obesity. Compared to pork, casein seems unique in maintaining the classical brown morphology in interscapular brown adipose tissue with high UCP1 expression. This was accompanied by increased expression of genes involved in a futile cycling of fatty acids. Our results demonstrate that intake of high protein diets based on other protein sources may not have similar effects, and hence, the obesity protective effect of high protein diets is clearly modulated by protein source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Liisberg
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Secher Myrmel
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Even Fjære
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander K. Rønnevik
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Bjelland
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jacob Bak Holm
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob B. Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Liaset
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lise Madsen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Hallenborg P, Fjære E, Liaset B, Petersen RK, Murano I, Sonne SB, Falkerslev M, Winther S, Jensen BAH, Ma T, Hansen JB, Cinti S, Blagoev B, Madsen L, Kristiansen K. p53 regulates expression of uncoupling protein 1 through binding and repression of PPARγ coactivator-1α. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E116-28. [PMID: 26578713 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00119.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 (TRP53 in mice) is known for its involvement in carcinogenesis, but work during recent years has underscored the importance of p53 in the regulation of whole body metabolism. A general notion is that p53 is necessary for efficient oxidative metabolism. The importance of UCP1-dependent uncoupled respiration and increased oxidation of glucose and fatty acids in brown or brown-like adipocytes, termed brite or beige, in relation to energy balance and homeostasis has been highlighted recently. UCP1-dependent uncoupled respiration in classic interscapular brown adipose tissue is central to cold-induced thermogenesis, whereas brite/beige adipocytes are of special importance in relation to diet-induced thermogenesis, where the importance of UCP1 is only clearly manifested in mice kept at thermoneutrality. We challenged wild-type and TRP53-deficient mice by high-fat feeding under thermoneutral conditions. Interestingly, mice lacking TRP53 gained less weight compared with their wild-type counterparts. This was related to an increased expression of Ucp1 and other PPARGC1a and PPARGC1b target genes but not Ppargc1a or Ppargc1b in inguinal white adipose tissue of mice lacking TRP53. We show that TRP53, independently of its ability to bind DNA, inhibits the activity of PPARGC1a and PPARGC1b. Collectively, our data show that TRP53 has the ability to regulate the thermogenic capacity of adipocytes through modulation of PPARGC1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hallenborg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Even Fjære
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway; and
| | - Bjørn Liaset
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway; and
| | - Rasmus Koefoed Petersen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Incoronata Murano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity Università Politecnica della Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Si Brask Sonne
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Falkerslev
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally Winther
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tao Ma
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob B Hansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity Università Politecnica della Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway; and
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
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Oleanolic Acid Attenuates Insulin Resistance via NF-κB to Regulate the IRS1-GLUT4 Pathway in HepG2 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:643102. [PMID: 26843885 PMCID: PMC4710921 DOI: 10.1155/2015/643102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study is to elucidate the mechanisms of oleanolic acid (OA) on insulin resistance (IR) in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were induced with FFA as the insulin resistance model and were treated with OA. Then the glucose content and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were analyzed. Moreover, protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in cells treated with OA were measured by Western blot analysis. Additionally, IRS1 protein expression exposed to OA was detected after using pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC).Our results revealed that OA decreased the glucose content in HepG2 cells in vitro. Moreover, OA reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and upregulated IRS1 and GLUT4 protein expression. Furthermore, OA also reduced NF-κB protein expression in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. After blocking NF-κB, the expression of IRS1 protein had no obvious changes when treated with OA. OA attenuated insulin resistance and decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Meanwhile, OA decreased NF-κB protein expression and upregulated IRS1 and GLUT4 protein expression. Therefore, regulating the IRS1-GLUT4 pathway via NF-κB was the underlying mechanism of OA on insulin resistance.
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26
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Liang X, Bittinger K, Li X, Abernethy DR, Bushman FD, FitzGerald GA. Bidirectional interactions between indomethacin and the murine intestinal microbiota. eLife 2015; 4:e08973. [PMID: 26701907 PMCID: PMC4755745 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate gut microbiota have been implicated in the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds, motivating studies of microbe-driven metabolism of clinically important drugs. Here, we studied interactions between the microbiota and indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenases (COX) -1 and -2. Indomethacin was tested in both acute and chronic exposure models in mice at clinically relevant doses, which suppressed production of COX-1- and COX-2-derived prostaglandins and caused small intestinal (SI) damage. Deep sequencing analysis showed that indomethacin exposure was associated with alterations in the structure of the intestinal microbiota in both dosing models. Perturbation of the intestinal microbiome by antibiotic treatment altered indomethacin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, which is probably the result of reduced bacterial β-glucuronidase activity. Humans show considerable inter-individual differences in their microbiota and their responses to indomethacin - thus, the drug-microbe interactions described here provide candidate mediators of individualized drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Xuanwen Li
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Darrell R Abernethy
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, United States
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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27
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Picklo MJ, Newman JW. Antioxidant supplementation and obesity have independent effects on hepatic oxylipin profiles in insulin-resistant, obesity-prone rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:182-91. [PMID: 26398714 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-induced changes in lipid metabolism are mechanistically associated with the development of insulin resistance and prediabetes. Recent studies have focused on the extent to which obesity-induced insulin resistance is mediated through oxylipins, derived from enzymatic and nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation. Vitamin E and vitamin C are widely used antioxidant supplements, but conflicting data exist as to whether supplementation with vitamins E and C reduces insulin resistance. The purpose of this work is (1) to test the hypothesis that supplementation with vitamin E and vitamin C prevents the development of insulin resistance and (2) to determine the extent to which antioxidant supplementation modifies obesity-induced changes in hepatic oxylipins. Using obesity-prone Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat, hypercaloric diet, we found that vitamin E and C supplementation did not block the development of insulin resistance, despite increased plasma levels of these antioxidants and decreased hepatic F2-isoprostane (F2-IsoP) concentrations. The obese phenotype was associated with increased hepatic concentrations of cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-dependent linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid-derived epoxides. Antioxidant supplementation, but not obesity, decreased levels of the lipoxygenase (LOX)-dependent, arachidonic acid-derived products lipoxin A4 (LXA4), 8,15-dihydroxtetraenoate (8,15-DiHETE), and 5,15-DiHETE. Our data demonstrate that antioxidant supplementation and obesity impact hepatic LOX- and CYP450-dependent oxylipin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Picklo
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center 2420 2(nd) Avenue North Grand Forks, ND 58203-9034, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA.
| | - John W Newman
- USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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28
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Chen C, Zhang W, Shi H, Zhuo Y, Yang G, Zhang A, Hou Y, Xiang Tan R, Li E. A novel benzenediamine derivative FC98 reduces insulin resistance in high fat diet-induced obese mice by suppression of metaflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 761:298-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Pisani DF, Ghandour RA, Beranger GE, Le Faouder P, Chambard JC, Giroud M, Vegiopoulos A, Djedaini M, Bertrand-Michel J, Tauc M, Herzig S, Langin D, Ailhaud G, Duranton C, Amri EZ. The ω6-fatty acid, arachidonic acid, regulates the conversion of white to brite adipocyte through a prostaglandin/calcium mediated pathway. Mol Metab 2014; 3:834-47. [PMID: 25506549 PMCID: PMC4264041 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Brite adipocytes are inducible energy-dissipating cells expressing UCP1 which appear within white adipose tissue of healthy adult individuals. Recruitment of these cells represents a potential strategy to fight obesity and associated diseases. Methods/Results Using human Multipotent Adipose-Derived Stem cells, able to convert into brite adipocytes, we show that arachidonic acid strongly inhibits brite adipocyte formation via a cyclooxygenase pathway leading to secretion of PGE2 and PGF2α. Both prostaglandins induce an oscillatory Ca++ signaling coupled to ERK pathway and trigger a decrease in UCP1 expression and in oxygen consumption without altering mitochondriogenesis. In mice fed a standard diet supplemented with ω6 arachidonic acid, PGF2α and PGE2 amounts are increased in subcutaneous white adipose tissue and associated with a decrease in the recruitment of brite adipocytes. Conclusion Our results suggest that dietary excess of ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids present in Western diets, may also favor obesity by preventing the “browning” process to take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier F Pisani
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; Inserm, iBV, U1091, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Rayane A Ghandour
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; Inserm, iBV, U1091, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Guillaume E Beranger
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; Inserm, iBV, U1091, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Pauline Le Faouder
- Lipidomic Core Facility, Metatoul Platform, France ; INSERM, UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France ; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Claude Chambard
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; Inserm, iBV, U1091, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Maude Giroud
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; Inserm, iBV, U1091, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Alexandros Vegiopoulos
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mansour Djedaini
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; Inserm, iBV, U1091, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- Lipidomic Core Facility, Metatoul Platform, France ; INSERM, UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France ; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Tauc
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, LP2M, UMR 7370, 06100 Nice, France ; UMR 7370, CNRS-LP2M, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Joint Division Molecular Metabolic Control, Alliance and Network Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominique Langin
- INSERM, UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France ; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France ; Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France
| | - Gérard Ailhaud
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; Inserm, iBV, U1091, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Christophe Duranton
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, LP2M, UMR 7370, 06100 Nice, France ; UMR 7370, CNRS-LP2M, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, 06100 Nice, France ; Inserm, iBV, U1091, 06100 Nice, France
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