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Li M, Yu X, Chen X, Jiang Y, Zeng Y, Ren R, Nie M, Zhang Z, Bao Y, Kang H. Genkwanin alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration via regulating ITGA2/PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibiting apoptosis and senescence. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112101. [PMID: 38640717 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a progressive degenerative disease influenced by various factors. Genkwanin, a known anti-inflammatory flavonoid, has not been explored for its potential in IVDD management. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of genkwanin on IVDD. In vitro, cell experiments revealed that genkwanin dose-dependently inhibited Interleukin-1β-induced expression levels of inflammatory factors (Interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2) and degradation metabolic protein (matrix metalloproteinase-13). Concurrently, genkwanin upregulated the expression of synthetic metabolism genes (type II collagen, aggrecan). Moreover, genkwanin effectively reduced the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. Transcriptome sequencing analysis identified integrin α2 (ITGA2) as a potential target of genkwanin, and silencing ITGA2 reversed the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway induced by Interleukin-1β. Furthermore, genkwanin alleviated Interleukin-1β-induced senescence and apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells. In vivo animal experiments demonstrated that genkwanin mitigated the progression of IVDD in the rat model through imaging and histological examinations. In conclusion, This study suggest that genkwanin inhibits inflammation in nucleus pulposus cells, promotes extracellular matrix remodeling, suppresses cellular senescence and apoptosis, through the ITGA2/PI3K/AKT, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. These findings indicate that genkwanin may be a promising therapeutic candidate for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Spine Bionic Treatment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yongqiao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yunqian Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ranyue Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Mingbo Nie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yuan Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Hao Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Chen S, He T, Zhong Y, Chen M, Yao Q, Chen D, Shao Z, Xiao G. Roles of focal adhesion proteins in skeleton and diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:998-1013. [PMID: 36970189 PMCID: PMC10031257 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal system, which contains bones, joints, tendons, ligaments and other elements, plays a wide variety of roles in body shaping, support and movement, protection of internal organs, production of blood cells and regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism. The prevalence of skeletal diseases and disorders, such as osteoporosis and bone fracture, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and intervertebral disc degeneration, increases with age, causing pain and loss of mobility and creating a huge social and economic burden globally. Focal adhesions (FAs) are macromolecular assemblies that are composed of the extracellular matrix (ECM), integrins, intracellular cytoskeleton and other proteins, including kindlin, talin, vinculin, paxillin, pinch, Src, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and integrin-linked protein kinase (ILK) and other proteins. FA acts as a mechanical linkage connecting the ECM and cytoskeleton and plays a key role in mediating cell-environment communications and modulates important processes, such as cell attachment, spreading, migration, differentiation and mechanotransduction, in different cells in skeletal system by impacting distinct outside-in and inside-out signaling pathways. This review aims to integrate the up-to-date knowledge of the roles of FA proteins in the health and disease of skeletal system and focuses on the specific molecular mechanisms and underlying therapeutic targets for skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tailin He
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingjue Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Irisin Ameliorates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Activating LATS/YAP/CTGF Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9684062. [PMID: 35915608 PMCID: PMC9338732 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9684062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Unbalanced metabolism of an extracellular matrix (ECM) in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) is widely acknowledged as the primary cause of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Irisin, a novel myokine, is cleaved from fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) and has recently been proven to regulate the metabolism of ECM. However, little is known about its potential on NPCs and the development of IDD. Therefore, this study sought to examine the protective effects and molecular mechanism of irisin on IDD in vivo and in vitro. Decreased expression levels of FNDC5 and anabolism markers (COL2A1 and ACAN) but increased levels of catabolism markers (ADAMTS4) were found in degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues. In a punctured-induced rat IDD model, irisin treatment was found to significantly slow the development of IDD, and in TNF-α-stimulated NPCs, irisin treatment partly reversed the disorder of ECM metabolism. In mechanism, RNA-seq results suggested that irisin treatment affected the Hippo signaling pathway. Further studies revealed that with irisin treatment, the phosphorylation levels of key factors (LATS and YAP) were downregulated, while the expression level of CTGF was upregulated. Moreover, CTGF knockdown partially eliminated the protective effects of irisin on the metabolism of ECM in NPCs, including inhibiting the anabolism and promoting the catabolism. Taken together, this study demonstrated that the expression levels of FNDC5 were decreased in degenerative NP tissues, while irisin treatment promoted the anabolism, inhibited the catabolism of the ECM in NPCs, and delayed the progression of IDD via LATS/YAP/CTGF signaling. These results shed light on the protective actions of irisin on NPCs, leading to the development of a novel therapeutic target for treating IDD.
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Zhang S, Liu W, Chen S, Wang B, Wang P, Hu B, Lv X, Shao Z. Extracellular matrix in intervertebral disc: basic and translational implications. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 390:1-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wangler S, Kamali A, Wapp C, Wuertz-Kozak K, Häckel S, Fortes C, Benneker LM, Haglund L, Richards RG, Alini M, Peroglio M, Grad S. Uncovering the secretome of mesenchymal stromal cells exposed to healthy, traumatic, and degenerative intervertebral discs: a proteomic analysis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:11. [PMID: 33413584 PMCID: PMC7789679 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been introduced as promising cell source for regenerative medicine. Besides their multilineage differentiation capacity, MSCs release a wide spectrum of bioactive factors. This secretome holds immunomodulatory and regenerative capacities. In intervertebral disc (IVD) cells, application of MSC secretome has been shown to decrease the apoptosis rate, induce proliferation, and promote production of extracellular matrix (ECM). For clinical translation of secretome-based treatment, characterization of the secretome composition is needed to better understand the induced biological processes and identify potentially effective secretomes. METHODS This study aimed to investigate the proteome released by bone marrow-derived MSCs following exposure to a healthy, traumatic, or degenerative human IVD environment by mass spectroscopy and quantitative immunoassay analyses. Exposure of MSCs to the proinflammatory stimulus interleukin 1β (IL-1β) was used as control. RESULTS Compared to MSC baseline secretome, there were 224 significantly up- or downregulated proteins following healthy, 179 following traumatic, 223 following degenerative IVD, and 160 proteins following IL-1β stimulus. Stimulation of MSCs with IVD conditioned media induced a more complex MSC secretome, involving more biological processes, compared to stimulation with IL-1β. The MSC response to stimulation with IVD conditioned medium was dependent on their pathological status. CONCLUSIONS The MSC secretome seemed to match the primary need of the IVD: homeostasis maintenance in the case of healthy IVDs, versus immunomodulation, adjustment of ECM synthesis and degradation disbalance, and ECM (re) organization in the case of traumatic and degenerative IVDs. These findings highlight the importance of cell preconditioning in the development of tailored secretome therapies. The secretome of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) stimulated with intervertebral disc (IVD) conditioned medium was analyzed by proteomic profiling. Depending on the pathological state of the IVD, the MSC secretome protein composition indicated immunomodulatory or anabolic activity of the secretome. These findings may have implications for tailored secretome therapy for the IVD and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wangler
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amir Kamali
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Christina Wapp
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY, USA
- Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Spine Center, Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg (Austria), Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Häckel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Lorin M Benneker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - R Geoff Richards
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Peroglio
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Zhu L, Yu C, Zhang X, Yu Z, Zhan F, Yu X, Wang S, He F, Han Y, Zhao H. The treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration using Traditional Chinese Medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113117. [PMID: 32738389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the most common causes of chronic low back pain that spending a lot of workforces and financial resources, seriously affecting human physical and mental health. Clinically used drug treatments and surgical treatments cannot fundamentally relieve the disease and have a risk of recurrence. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a history of more than a thousand years in the prevention and treatment of IDD. However, so far, there are few reviews on the treatment of IDD by TCM. Therefore, it is crucial and necessary to systematically mine the existing literature on the treatment of IDD with TCM. This paper strives to systematically describe the modern medicine and TCM theoretical research on IDD, progress in the treatment of IDD and focuses on the treatment of IDD by TCM, which would lay some theoretical foundation and provide new directions for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on clinical observations, animal experiments and relevant pharmacology data about the treatment of IDD were gathered from various sources including traditional Chinese books and Chinese Pharmacopoeia, scientific databases (Elsevier, PubMed, Science Direct, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, Spring Link, Web of Science) and from different professional websites. RESULTS This review mainly introduces the current research on the theoretical research on IDD, the combination principle of the TCM formula, and the underlying mechanism of the formula and active ingredients. CONCLUSIONS At present, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a lot of research in different ways, such as the molecular mechanism and predisposing factors of IDD, which provides theoretical development and clinical practice significance for future research. TCM, as a multi-component and multi-targeted drug, can produce synergistic effects to exert its efficacy. Therefore, the development of TCM with more specific functions and practical data will not only become a significant trend in the world market but also has an irreplaceable role in the future treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Zhu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Changsui Yu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhongbao Yu
- Liaoning Yuzhongbao Chinese Medicine Clinic, Kuandian, 118200, China
| | - Fengyuan Zhan
- Liaoning Yuzhongbao Chinese Medicine Clinic, Kuandian, 118200, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shuren Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Feng He
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yusheng Han
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - He Zhao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Yu H, Liu Y, Xie W, Xie Q, Liu Q, Cheng L. IL-38 alleviates the inflammatory response and the degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106592. [PMID: 32502922 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the inflammatory response contributes to the onset of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Interleukin (IL)-38, a newly discovered cytokine of the IL-1 family, has been demonstrated to play an anti-inflammatory role in autoimmune diseases, such as Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. However, whether IL-38 participates in the pathogenesis of IVDD remains unknown. In this study, human disc tissues from IVDD patients and rat disc tissues from an IVDD model were collected to measure the expression of IL-38 in the IVDD groups and the control groups by western blot and immunohistochemical staining. To further determine the role of IL-38 in IVDD, human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs) were stimulated with TNF-α to generate an in vitro model of inflammation to mimic the local inflammatory environment of the lumbar disc. The inflammatory response and HNPC degeneration markers were measured after stimulation with TNF-α and IL-38. IL-38 was upregulated in both the human and rat degenerated disc tissues compared with the control tissues. In vitro, IL-38 significantly decreased the TNF-α-induced expression of IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 in the HNPCs, and IL-38 also alleviated the TNF-α-induced reductions in type II collagen and aggrecan. Moreover, IL-38 inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the HNPC-based model of inflammation by reducing the expression level of the NF-κB P-P65 protein. In conclusion, IL-38 could alleviate the inflammatory response and HNPC degeneration in vitro via the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that IL-38 may be a new strategy for the treatment of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, People's Hospital of Dingtao District, Heze 274100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaohui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Frapin L, Clouet J, Chédeville C, Moraru C, Samarut E, Henry N, André M, Bord E, Halgand B, Lesoeur J, Fusellier M, Guicheux J, Le Visage C. Controlled release of biological factors for endogenous progenitor cell migration and intervertebral disc extracellular matrix remodelling. Biomaterials 2020; 253:120107. [PMID: 32450408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent description of resident stem/progenitor cells in degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs) supports the notion that their regenerative capacities could be harnessed to stimulate endogenous repair of the nucleus pulposus (NP). In this study, we developed a delivery system based on pullulan microbeads (PMBs) for sequential release of the chemokine CCL-5 to recruit these disc stem/progenitor cells to the NP tissue, followed by the release of the growth factors TGF-β1 and GDF-5 to induce the synthesis of a collagen type II- and aggrecan-rich extracellular matrix (ECM). Bioactivity of released CCL5 on human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs), selected to mimic disc stem/progenitors, was demonstrated using a Transwell® chemotaxis assay. The regenerative effects of loaded PMBs were investigated in ex vivo spontaneously degenerated ovine IVDs. Fluorescent hASCs were seeded on the top cartilaginous endplates (CEPs); the degenerated NPs were injected with PMBs loaded with CCL5, TGF-β1, and GDF-5; and the IVDs were then cultured for 3, 7, and 28 days to allow for cell migration and disc regeneration. The PMBs exhibited sustained release of biological factors for 21 days. Ex vivo migration of seeded hASCs from the CEP toward the NP was demonstrated, with the cells migrating a significantly greater distance when loaded PMBs were injected (5.8 ± 1.3 mm vs. 3.5 ± 1.8 mm with no injection of PMBs). In ovine IVDs, the overall NP cellularity, the collagen type II and the aggrecan staining intensities, and the Tie2+ progenitor cell density in the NP were increased at day 28 compared to the control groups. Considered together, PMBs loaded with CCL5/TGF-β1/GDF-5 constitute an innovative and promising strategy for controlled release of growth factors to promote cell recruitment and extracellular matrix remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Frapin
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France
| | - Johann Clouet
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, Pharmacie Centrale, PHU 11, Nantes, F-44093, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Nantes, F-44035, France
| | - Claire Chédeville
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France
| | - Constantin Moraru
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, Service de Neurotraumatologie, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Edouard Samarut
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, Service de Neurotraumatologie, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Nina Henry
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France
| | - Manon André
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; SC3M -"Electron Microscopy, Microcharacterization, and Functional Morphohistology Imaging" Core Facility, Structure Fédérative de Recherche François Bonamy, INSERM - UMS016, CNRS 3556, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, Nantes, F-04402, France
| | - Eric Bord
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, Service de Neurotraumatologie, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Boris Halgand
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Julie Lesoeur
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; SC3M -"Electron Microscopy, Microcharacterization, and Functional Morphohistology Imaging" Core Facility, Structure Fédérative de Recherche François Bonamy, INSERM - UMS016, CNRS 3556, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, Nantes, F-04402, France
| | - Marion Fusellier
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, CRIP, National Veterinary School (ONIRIS), Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France; SC3M -"Electron Microscopy, Microcharacterization, and Functional Morphohistology Imaging" Core Facility, Structure Fédérative de Recherche François Bonamy, INSERM - UMS016, CNRS 3556, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, Nantes, F-04402, France; CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, F-44093, France.
| | - Catherine Le Visage
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, F-44042, France.
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Wu X, Li S, Wang K, Hua W, Li S, Song Y, Zhang Y, Yang S, Yang C. TNF-α Regulates ITGβ1 and SYND4 Expression in Nucleus Pulposus Cells: Activation of FAK/PI3K Signaling. Inflammation 2020; 42:1575-1584. [PMID: 31111299 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Integrins can function synergistically with syndecan-4 (SYND4) and bind to the fibronectin (FN) matrix, resulting in the regulation of tissue regeneration. This study aimed to explore the effects of TNF-α on the formation of FN/ITGβ1/SYND4 complex and the relative mechanism in NP cells. The expression of FN-ITG-SYND4 at the cellular level under TNF-α stimulation was detected by immunofluorescent staining, western blotting, and RT-PCR. ITGβ1 is a crucial component of ITG FN-induced FAK signaling, which was detected using dual mode. And, the involved signaling down stream pathways were also detected. FN is a preferred adhesion substrate for NP cells and that integrin β1 (ITGβ1) and SYND4 work synergistically during ECM engagement in a focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-dependent fashion. The PI3k/Akt pathway is obviously down-regulated, resulting in decreased adherence capacity and increased anoikis. TNF-α induction could weaken FAK activity and downstream levels of phospho-PI3K and Akt, resulting in decreased adherence capacity and increased apoptosis. Thus, TNF-α is essential for the formation of FN/ITGβ1/SYND4 complex in NP cells and further elucidates the inflammatory mechanism of NP cells degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghuo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Suyun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Wenbin Hua
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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Peng Y, Huang D, Liu S, Li J, Qing X, Shao Z. Biomaterials-Induced Stem Cells Specific Differentiation Into Intervertebral Disc Lineage Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:56. [PMID: 32117935 PMCID: PMC7019859 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy, which promotes stem cells differentiation toward specialized cell types, increases the resident population and production of extracellular matrix, and can be used to achieve intervertebral disc (IVD) repair, has drawn great attention for the development of IVD-regenerating materials. Many materials that have been reported in IVD repair have the ability to promote stem cells differentiation. However, due to the limitations of mechanical properties, immunogenicity and uncontrollable deviations in the induction of stem cells differentiation, there are few materials that can currently be translated into clinical applications. In addition to the favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility of IVD materials, maintaining stem cells activity in the local niche and increasing the ability of stem cells to differentiate into nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) cells are the basis for promoting the application of IVD-regenerating materials in clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to summarize IVD-regenerating materials that focus on stem cells strategies, analyze the properties of these materials that affect the differentiation of stem cells into IVD-like cells, and then present the limitations of currently used disc materials in the field of stem cell therapy and future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghua Huang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinye Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangcheng Qing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Chen F, Guo Q, Chen Q, Han Z, Zhou X, Wu L, Guo X, Ni B, Yang J. TRIM32 triggers β-catenin signaling through ubiquitylation of AXIN1 to promote inflammatory factor-induced apoptosis of rat nucleus pulposus cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C695-C703. [PMID: 31967859 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00386.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of ubiquitin ligase is the cause of many human diseases. Tripartite motif protein 32 (TRIM32) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase whose role in nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis is unclear. The expression of TRIM family protein and β-catenin in 40 NP tissue samples was detected by RT-PCR. Interleukin (IL)-1β or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was used to treat rat NP cells. Knockdown and overexpression of Trim32 were achieved using specific siRNA and recombinant plasmids. Western blotting, RT-PCR, and flow cytometry were used to assess the expression of TRIM32/β-catenin and the apoptosis rate of NP cells. Coimmunoprecipitation was adopted to analyze the possible interactions between AXIN1 and TRIM32. In clinical samples, TRIM32 expression was of positive relevance with the expression of CTNNB1 (β-catenin). In vitro, apoptosis of IL-1β- or TNF-α-treated rat NP cells was induced through upregulated Trim32 expression and activated β-catenin signaling, whereas Trim32 siRNA and inhibition of β-catenin reversed the induction effect of cytokines. Further studies indicated that TRIM32 activated the β-catenin signaling pathway through ubiquitination of AXIN1, thereby regulating apoptosis. Collectively, this study reveals that TRIM32 promotes inflammatory factor-induced apoptosis of rat NP cells, in part by direct degradation of AXIN1 to trigger β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunfeng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunxiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lecheng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Ligustrazine Prevents Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Suppression of Aberrant TGF β Activation in Nucleus Pulposus Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5601734. [PMID: 31886227 PMCID: PMC6914881 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5601734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Aberrant transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) activation is detrimental to both nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and cartilage endplates (CEPs), which can lead to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Ligustrazine (LIG) reduces the expression of inflammatory factors and TGFβ1 in hypertrophic CEP to prevent IDD. In this study, we investigate the effects of LIG on NP cells and the TGFβ signaling. Design LIG was injected to the lumbar spinal instability (LSI) mouse model. The effect of LIG was evaluated by intervertebral disc (IVD) score in the LSI mouse model. The expression of activated TGFβ was examined using immunostaining with pSmad2/3 antibody. The upright posture (UP) rat model was also treated and evaluated in the same manner to assess the effect of LIG. In ex vivo study, IVDs from four-week old mice were isolated and treated with 10−5, 10−6, and 10−7 M of LIG. We used western blot to detect activated TGFβ expression. TGFβ-treated human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs) were cotreated with optimized dose of LIG in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to determine pSmad2/3, connective tissue growth factor (CCN2), and aggrecan (ACAN) expression levels. Results IVD score and the percentage of pSmad2/3+ NP cells were low in LIG-treated LSI mice in comparison with LSI mice, but close to the levels in the Sham group. Similarly, LIG reduced the overexpression of TGFβ1 in NP cells. The inhibitory effect of LIG was dose dependent. A dose of 10−5 M LIG not only strongly attenuated Smad2/3 phosphorylation in TGFβ-treated IVD ex vivo but also suppressed pSmad2/3, CCN2, and ACAN expression in TGFβ-treated NP cells in vitro. Conclusions LIG prevents IDD via suppression of TGFβ overactivation in NP cells.
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Frapin L, Clouet J, Delplace V, Fusellier M, Guicheux J, Le Visage C. Lessons learned from intervertebral disc pathophysiology to guide rational design of sequential delivery systems for therapeutic biological factors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 149-150:49-71. [PMID: 31445063 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration has been associated with low back pain, which is a major musculoskeletal disorder and socio-economic problem that affects as many as 600 million patients worldwide. Here, we first review the current knowledge of IVD physiology and physiopathological processes in terms of homeostasis regulation and consecutive events that lead to tissue degeneration. Recent progress with IVD restoration by anti-catabolic or pro-anabolic approaches are then analyzed, as are the design of macro-, micro-, and nano-platforms to control the delivery of such therapeutic agents. Finally, we hypothesize that a sequential delivery strategy that i) firstly targets the inflammatory, pro-catabolic microenvironment with release of anti-inflammatory or anti-catabolic cytokines; ii) secondly increases cell density in the less hostile microenvironment by endogenous cell recruitment or exogenous cell injection, and finally iii) enhances cellular synthesis of extracellular matrix with release of pro-anabolic factors, would constitute an innovative yet challenging approach to IVD regeneration.
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Reactive Oxygen Species Are Involved in the Development of Gastric Cancer and Gastric Cancer-Related Depression through ABL1-Mediated Inflammation Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5813985. [PMID: 31396300 PMCID: PMC6664690 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5813985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The mechanisms of crosstalk between depression and gastric cancer (GC) remain ill defined. Given that reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in the pathophysiology of both GC and depression, we try to explore the activities of ROS in the development of GC and GC-related depression. Methods 110 patients with newly diagnosed GC were recruited in our study. The clinical characteristics of these patients were recorded. Inflammation and oxidative stress markers were detected by ELISA. The depression status of patients with GC was assessed during follow-up. The association between ROS, ABL1, and inflammation factors was evaluated in H2O2-treated GC cell lines and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The effect of ABL1 on inflammation was detected with Imatinib/Nilotinib-treated GC cell lines. A chronic mild stress- (CMS-) induced patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice model was established to assess the crosstalk between depression and GC. Results Depression was correlated with poor prognosis of patients with GC. GC patients with depression were under a high level of oxidative status as well as dysregulated inflammation. In the CMS-induced GC PDX mice model, CMS could facilitate the development of GC. Additionally, tumor bearing could induce depressive-like behaviors of mice. With the treatment of ROS, the activities of ABL1 and inflammatory signaling were enhanced both in vitro and in vivo, and blocking the activities of ABL1 inhibited inflammatory signaling. Conclusions ROS-activated ABL1 mediates inflammation through regulating NF-κB1 and STAT3, which subsequently leads to the development of GC and GC-related depression.
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Lin W, Shi C, Wang W, Wu H, Yang C, Wang A, Shen X, Tian Y, Cao P, Yuan W. Osmolarity and calcium regulate connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) expression in nucleus pulposus cells. Gene 2019; 704:15-24. [PMID: 30965128 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to verify the hypothesis that the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), a key molecule essential for the maintenance of nucleus pulposus (NP) matrix homeostasis, is regulated by osmolarity and intracellular calcium in NP cells. METHODS Gene and protein expression levels of CCN2 were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Transfections and dual luciferase assays were performed to measure the effect of hyperosmolarity, tonicity enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) and Ca2+-calcineurin (Cn)-NFAT signaling on CCN2 promoter activity. RESULTS Cultured in hyperosmotic media, there was a significant decrease in the levels of CCN2 promoter activity, gene and protein expression in NP cells. The JASPAR database was used to analyze the construction of human CCN2 promoter, we found conserved TonE and NFAT binding sites. We then investigated whether TonEBP controlled CCN2 expression. Forced expression of TonEBP in NP cells showed that TonEBP negatively regulated CCN2 promoter activity, while suppression of TonEBP induced CCN2 promoter activity and expression. We then examined if Ca2+-Cn-NFAT signaling participated in the regulation of CCN2 expression. Co-expression of CCN2 reporter with individual NFAT1-4 expression plasmids and/or calcineurin A/B constructs suggested this signaling pathway played a role in the regulation of CCN2expression in NP cells. CONCLUSIONS Results of these studies illustrated that the expression of CCN2 in NP cells was regulated by the NFAT family through a signaling pathway network involving both activator (Ca2+-Cn-NFAT signaling) and suppressor (Hyperosmolarity-TonEBP) molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Changgui Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Weiheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Huiqiao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - An Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Armed Police Force Hospital, Shanghai 201103, China
| | - Xiaolong Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Clouet J, Fusellier M, Camus A, Le Visage C, Guicheux J. Intervertebral disc regeneration: From cell therapy to the development of novel bioinspired endogenous repair strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:306-324. [PMID: 29705378 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP), frequently associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, is a major public health concern. LBP is currently managed by pharmacological treatments and, if unsuccessful, by invasive surgical procedures, which do not counteract the degenerative process. Considering that IVD cell depletion is critical in the degenerative process, the supplementation of IVD with reparative cells, associated or not with biomaterials, has been contemplated. Recently, the discovery of reparative stem/progenitor cells in the IVD has led to increased interest in the potential of endogenous repair strategies. Recruitment of these cells by specific signals might constitute an alternative strategy to cell transplantation. Here, we review the status of cell-based therapies for treating IVD degeneration and emphasize the current concept of endogenous repair as well as future perspectives. This review also highlights the challenges of the mobilization/differentiation of reparative progenitor cells through the delivery of biologics factors to stimulate IVD regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Clouet
- INSERM, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, Pharmacie Centrale, PHU 11, Nantes F-44093, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Nantes F-44035, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France
| | - Marion Fusellier
- INSERM, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes F-44042, France; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, CRIP, National Veterinary School (ONIRIS), Nantes F-44307, France
| | - Anne Camus
- INSERM, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France
| | - Catherine Le Visage
- INSERM, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- INSERM, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes F-44042, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, F-44093, France.
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Hiyama A, Morita K, Sakai D, Watanabe M. CCN family member 2/connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) is regulated by Wnt-β-catenin signaling in nucleus pulposus cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:217. [PMID: 30268161 PMCID: PMC6162946 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aims of this study were to investigate the gene expression of CCN family members in rat intervertebral disc (IVD) cells and to examine whether Wnt–β-catenin signaling regulates the expression of CCN family 2 (CCN2)/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Methods The gene expression of CCN family members were assessed in rat IVD cells using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression pattern of CCN2 was also assessed in rat IVD cells using western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments were performed to identify the mechanisms by which Wnt–β-catenin signaling influences the activity of the CCN2 promoter. To further determine if the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is required for the Wnt–β-catenin signaling-induced regulation of CCN2 expression in the NP cells, CCN2 expression was analyzed by reporter assay, RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Results CCN2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were expressed in rat IVDs. Expression of CCN2 was significantly higher than for mRNA of other CCN family members in both rat NP and annulus fibrosus (AF) cells. The relative activity of the CCN2 promoter decreased 24 h after treatment with 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime (1.0 μM) (0.773 (95% 0.735, 0.812) P = 0.0077) in NP cells. In addition, treatment with the WT–β-catenin vector (500 ng) significantly decreased CCN2 promoter activity (0.688 (95% 0.535, 0.842) P = 0.0063), whereas β-catenin small interfering RNA (500 ng) significantly increased CCN2 promoter activity (1.775 (95% 1.435, 2.115) P < 0.001). Activation of Wnt–β-catenin signaling decreased the expression of CCN2 mRNA and protein by NP cells. Regulation of CCN2 by Wnt–β-catenin signaling involved the MAPK pathway in rat NP cells. Conclusions This study shows that Wnt–β-catenin signaling regulates the expression of CCN2 through the MAPK pathway in NP cells. Understanding the balance between Wnt–β-catenin signaling and CCN2 is necessary for developing therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of IVD degeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1723-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan. .,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Morita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
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Potential therapeutic role of Co-Q10 in alleviating intervertebral disc degeneration and suppressing IL-1β-mediated inflammatory reaction in NP cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 64:424-431. [PMID: 30261465 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (Co-Q10) is extraordinarily popular and has been used in abundant interventions as an antioxidant reagent that participates in numerous oxidation reactions. According to substantial evidence previously reported, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is deemed to be one of the chief orchestrator molecules in the degeneration of intervertebral disc (IVD). However, it is unknown whether Co-Q10 is able to protect against IVD degeneration. In the current study, mouse-derived IVDs as well as primary human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were isolated and cultured. NP cells were stimulated with IL-1β, with or without selective addition of Co-Q10 to investigate the therapeutic effect of Co-Q10 on IVD degeneration. Levels of IL-1β-induced inflammatory biomarkers including TNF-α, COX-2, IL-6 and iNOS were reduced by Co-Q10, which was possibly associated with inhibition of NF-κB signaling activation. Furthermore, Co-Q10 maintained the production of anabolic biomarkers in NP cells such as collagen 2, aggrecan and Sox-9 and altered the enhanced catabolism induced by IL-1β. Moreover, the therapeutic role of Co-Q10 in sustaining IVD tissue-enhanced anabolism is potentially dependent on activation of the Akt signaling pathway. In summary, Co-Q10 may potentially represent an available molecular target that may shed light on approaches to the prevention and treatment of IVD degeneration in the future.
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Choi H, Tessier S, Silagi ES, Kyada R, Yousefi F, Pleshko N, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. A novel mouse model of intervertebral disc degeneration shows altered cell fate and matrix homeostasis. Matrix Biol 2018; 70:102-122. [PMID: 29605718 PMCID: PMC6081256 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration and associated low back and neck pain is a ubiquitous health condition that affects millions of people world-wide, and causes high incidence of disability and enormous medical/societal costs. However, lack of appropriate small animal models with spontaneous disease onset has impeded our ability to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms that characterize and drive the degenerative process. We report, for the first time, early onset spontaneous disc degeneration in SM/J mice known for their poor regenerative capacities compared to "super-healer" LG/J mice. In SM/J mice, degenerative process was marked by decreased nucleus pulposus (NP) cellularity and changes in matrix composition at P7, 4, and 8 weeks with increased severity by 17 weeks. Distinctions between NP and annulus fibrosus (AF) or endplate cartilage were lost, and NP and AF of SM/J mice showed higher histological grades. There was increased NP cell death in SM/J mice with decreased phenotypic marker expression. Polarized microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated replacement of glycosaminoglycan-rich NP matrix with collagenous fibrous tissue. The levels of ARGxx were increased in, indicating higher aggrecan turnover. Furthermore, an aberrant expression of collagen X and MMP13 was observed in the NP of SM/J mice, along with elevated expression of Col10a1, Ctgf, and Runx2, markers of chondrocyte hypertrophy. Likewise, expression of Enpp1 as well as Alpl was higher, suggesting NP cells of SM/J mice promote dystrophic mineralization. There was also a decrease in several pathways necessary for NP cell survival and function including Wnt and VEGF signaling. Importantly, SM/J discs were stiffer, had decreased height, and poor vertebral bone quality, suggesting compromised motion segment mechanical functionality. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that SM/J mouse strain recapitulates many salient features of human disc degeneration, and serves as a novel small animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven Tessier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Silagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rutvin Kyada
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Farzad Yousefi
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy Pleshko
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Ramazani Y, Knops N, Elmonem MA, Nguyen TQ, Arcolino FO, van den Heuvel L, Levtchenko E, Kuypers D, Goldschmeding R. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) from basics to clinics. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:44-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Henry N, Clouet J, Le Bideau J, Le Visage C, Guicheux J. Innovative strategies for intervertebral disc regenerative medicine: From cell therapies to multiscale delivery systems. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 36:281-294. [PMID: 29199133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As our understanding of the physiopathology of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration has improved, novel therapeutic strategies have emerged, based on the local injection of cells, bioactive molecules, and nucleic acids. However, with regard to the harsh environment constituted by degenerated IVDs, protecting biologics from in situ degradation while allowing their long-term delivery is a major challenge. Yet, the design of the optimal approach for IVD regeneration is still under debate and only a few papers provide a critical assessment of IVD-specific carriers for local and sustained delivery of biologics. In this review, we highlight the IVD-relevant polymers as well as their design as macro-, micro-, and nano-sized particles to promote endogenous repair. Finally, we illustrate how multiscale systems, combining in situ-forming hydrogels with ready-to-use particles, might drive IVD regenerative medicine strategies toward innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Henry
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France; Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229, 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France
| | - Johann Clouet
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, Pharmacie Centrale, PHU 11, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Nantes, France
| | - Jean Le Bideau
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229, 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3, France
| | - Catherine Le Visage
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France.
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France; CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, Nantes, France.
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22
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Henry N, Clouet J, Fragale A, Griveau L, Chédeville C, Véziers J, Weiss P, Le Bideau J, Guicheux J, Le Visage C. Pullulan microbeads/Si-HPMC hydrogel injectable system for the sustained delivery of GDF-5 and TGF-β1: new insight into intervertebral disc regenerative medicine. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:999-1010. [PMID: 28645219 PMCID: PMC8241148 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1340362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Discogenic low back pain is considered a major health concern and no etiological treatments are today available to tackle this disease. To clinically address this issue at early stages, there is a rising interest in the stimulation of local cells by in situ injection of growth factors targeting intervertebral disc (IVD) degenerative process. Despite encouraging safety and tolerability results in clinic, growth factors efficacy may be further improved. To this end, the use of a delivery system allowing a sustained release, while protecting growth factors from degradation appears of particular interest. We propose herein the design of a new injectable biphasic system, based on the association of pullulan microbeads (PMBs) into a cellulose-based hydrogel (Si-HPMC), for the TGF-β1 and GDF-5 growth factors sustained delivery. We present for the first time the design and mechanical characterization of both the PMBs and the called biphasic system (PMBs/Si-HPMC). Their loading and release capacities were also studied and we were able to demonstrate a sustained release of both growth factors, for up to 28 days. Noteworthy, the growth factors biological activity on human cells was maintained. Altogether, these data suggest that this PMBs/Si-HPMC biphasic system may be a promising candidate for the development of an innovative bioactive delivery system for IVD regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Henry
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team STEP “Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine”, Nantes, France
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Johann Clouet
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team STEP “Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine”, Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, PHU 11 Pharmacie, Pharmacie Centrale, Nantes, France
- UFR Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Fragale
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team STEP “Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine”, Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Louise Griveau
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team STEP “Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine”, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Chédeville
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team STEP “Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine”, Nantes, France
| | - Joëlle Véziers
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team STEP “Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine”, Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- SC3M platform, UMS INSERM 016/CNRS 3556, SFR François Bonamy, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team REGOS “Regenerative Medicine of Bone Tissues”, Nantes, France
| | - Jean Le Bideau
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team STEP “Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine”, Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Le Visage
- INSERM, UMRS 1229, RMeS “Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton”, Team STEP “Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine”, Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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23
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Lian C, Gao B, Wu Z, Qiu X, Peng Y, Liang A, Xu C, Su P, Huang D. Collagen type II is downregulated in the degenerative nucleus pulposus and contributes to the degeneration and apoptosis of human nucleus pulposus cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4730-4736. [PMID: 28791354 PMCID: PMC5647025 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a common degenerative condition initiated mainly within the nucleus pulposus (NP). To date, the etiopathogenesis of DDD remains unclear, and because no effective therapeutic strategies are available to target its pathological processes, DDD is still treated with symptomatic interventions that are far from adequate. Collagen type II is one of the major matrix components of the NP, and is considered to be essential to NP homeostasis. However, the specific mechanisms by which collagen type II influences NP cells remain unknown. In the present study, collagen type II expression was detected using immunohistochemistry analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and it was demonstrated to be significantly downregulated in NP tissues from patients with DDD compared with nondegenerative controls. To further explore the mechanism in vitro, interleukin (IL)-1β stimulation was used to induce degeneration of a human NP cell line. IL-1β stimulation upregulated both the mRNA and protein levels of the catabolic markers matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS4), while it downregulated the anabolic makers aggrecan and collagen type II. However, addition of purified collagen type II prevented this IL-1β-induced metabolic disturbance of the NP cells. Furthermore, IL-1β stimulation significantly promoted apoptosis in NP cells, while collagen type II treatment decreased the apoptotic rate and the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3. In conclusion, collagen type II exhibited protective effects in suppressing NP cell degeneration through its anticatabolic, proanabolic and antiapoptotic effects, suggesting that it may be a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of DDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Lian
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Zizhao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xianjian Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Anjing Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Xu
- Research Centre for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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Li W, Wu X, Qu R, Wang W, Chen X, Cheng L, Liu Y, Guo L, Zhao Y, Liu C. Ghrelin protects against nucleus pulposus degeneration through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway and activation of Akt signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91887-91901. [PMID: 29190883 PMCID: PMC5696149 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to examine the potential role of ghrelin in degeneration of nucleus pulposus (NP). Lower expression levels of ghrelin were found in human NP cells stimulated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Moreover, exogenous ghrelin suppressed IL-1β induced degeneration and inflammation associated biomarkers in human NP cells, including matrix metalloproteinase-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-5, tumor necrosis factor-α and iNOS, which was possibly mediated by antagonization of NF-κB signaling. Moreover, ghrelin enhanced production of critical extracellular matrix of NP cells, including collagen 2, aggrecan, and Sox-9 in NP cells. Ghrelin also promoted NP tissue regeneration in a rabbit IVD degeneration model, which seems to be associated with growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Additionally, the protective role of ghrelin in anabolism potentially relies on activation of Akt signaling pathway. Taken together, ghrelin may represent a molecular target for prevention and treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xihai Wu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Ruize Qu
- Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yaoge Liu
- Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Guo
- Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Institute of Dental Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
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25
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Regulation of human nucleus pulposus cells by peptide-coupled substrates. Acta Biomater 2017; 55:100-108. [PMID: 28433788 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells are derived from the notochord and differ from neighboring cells of the intervertebral disc in phenotypic marker expression and morphology. Adult human NP cells lose this phenotype and morphology with age in a pattern that contributes to progressive disc degeneration and pathology. Select laminin-mimetic peptide ligands and substrate stiffnesses were examined for their ability to regulate human NP cell phenotype and biosynthesis through the expression of NP-specific markers aggrecan, N-cadherin, collagen types I and II, and GLUT1. Peptide-conjugated substrates demonstrated an ability to promote expression of healthy NP-specific markers, as well as increased biosynthetic activity. We show an ability to re-express markers of the juvenile NP cell and morphology through control of peptide presentation and stiffness on well-characterized polyacrylamide substrates. NP cells cultured on surfaces conjugated with α3 integrin receptor peptides P4 and P678, and on α2, α5, α6, β1 integrin-recognizing peptide AG10, show increased expression of aggrecan, N-cadherin, and types I and II collagen, suggesting a healthier, more juvenile-like phenotype. Multi-cell cluster formation was also observed to be more prominent on peptide-conjugated substrates. These findings indicate a critical role for cell-matrix interactions with specific ECM-mimetic peptides in supporting and maintaining a healthy NP cell phenotype and bioactivity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE NP cells reside in a laminin-rich environment that deteriorates with age, including a loss of water content and changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure that may lead to the development of a degenerated IVD. There is great interest in methods to re-express healthy, biosynthetically active NP cells using laminin-derived biomimetic peptides toward the goal of using autologous cell sources for tissue regeneration. Here, we describe a novel study utilizing several laminin mimetic peptides conjugated to polyacrylamide gels that are able to support an immature, healthy NP phenotype after culture on "soft" peptide gels. These findings can support future studies in tissue regeneration where cells may be directed to a desired regenerative phenotype using niche-specific ECM peptides.
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26
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Matta A, Karim MZ, Isenman DE, Erwin WM. Molecular Therapy for Degenerative Disc Disease: Clues from Secretome Analysis of the Notochordal Cell-Rich Nucleus Pulposus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45623. [PMID: 28358123 PMCID: PMC5372366 DOI: 10.1038/srep45623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is associated with spinal pain often leading to long-term disability. However, the non-chondrodystrophic canine intervertebral disc is protected from the development of DDD, ostensibly due to its retention of notochordal cells (NC) in the nucleus pulposus (NP). In this study, we hypothesized that secretome analysis of the NC-rich NP will lead to the identification of key proteins that delay the onset of DDD. Using mass-spectrometry, we identified 303 proteins including components of TGFβ- and Wnt-signaling, anti-angiogeneic factors and proteins that inhibit axonal ingrowth in the bioactive fractions of serum free, notochordal cell derived conditioned medium (NCCM). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed TGFβ1 and CTGF as major hubs in protein interaction networks. In vitro treatment with TGFβ1 and CTGF promoted the synthesis of healthy extra-cellular matrix proteins, increased cell proliferation and reduced cell death in human degenerative disc NP cells. A single intra-discal injection of recombinant TGFβ1 and CTGF proteins in a pre-clinical rat-tail disc injury model restored the NC and stem cell rich NP. In conclusion, we demonstrate the potential of TGFβ1 and CTGF to mitigate the progression of disc degeneration and the potential use of these molecules in a molecular therapy to treat the degenerative disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Matta
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Zia Karim
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David E Isenman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Mark Erwin
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Research, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Canada
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27
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Mechanosignaling activation of TGFβ maintains intervertebral disc homeostasis. Bone Res 2017; 5:17008. [PMID: 28392965 PMCID: PMC5360159 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the leading cause of disability with no disease-modifying treatment. IVD degeneration is associated with instable mechanical loading in the spine, but little is known about how mechanical stress regulates nucleus notochordal (NC) cells to maintain IVD homeostasis. Here we report that mechanical stress can result in excessive integrin αvβ6-mediated activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), decreased NC cell vacuoles, and increased matrix proteoglycan production, and results in degenerative disc disease (DDD). Knockout of TGFβ type II receptor (TβRII) or integrin αv in the NC cells inhibited functional activity of postnatal NC cells and also resulted in DDD under mechanical loading. Administration of RGD peptide, TGFβ, and αvβ6-neutralizing antibodies attenuated IVD degeneration. Thus, integrin-mediated activation of TGFβ plays a critical role in mechanical signaling transduction to regulate IVD cell function and homeostasis. Manipulation of this signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target to modify DDD.
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28
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Bai XD, Li XC, Chen JH, Guo ZM, Hou LS, Wang DL, He Q, Ruan DK. * Coculture with Partial Digestion Notochordal Cell-Rich Nucleus Pulposus Tissue Activates Degenerative Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:837-846. [PMID: 28145804 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that notochordal cells (NCs) and NC-conditioned medium (NCCM) can stimulate cell viability and matrix production of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). However, the potential of notochordal cell-rich nucleus pulposus (NRNP) incorporating the native environment of the intervertebral disc (IVD) has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to develop an optimal NRNP model and test whether it can allow a significant level of NPC activation in vitro. Rabbit NRNP explants were divided into three groups according to different digestion time: digestion NRNP of 8 h, partial digestion NRNP of 2 h, and natural NRNP. Cell viability and NC phenotype were compared between these groups after 14 days of incubation. The products of the selected partial digestion NRNP group were then cocultured with human degenerated NPCs for 14 days. NPC viability, cell proliferation and senescence, the production of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) found in extracellular matrix, and NP matrix production by NPCs were assessed. The results showed that coculturing with partial digestion NRNP significantly improved the cell proliferation, cell senescence, and disc matrix gene expression of NPCs compared with those in the monoculture group. In addition, GAG/DNA ratio in the coculture group increased significantly, while the level of collagen II protein remained unchanged. In this study, we demonstrated that partial digestion NRNP may show a promising potential for NPC regeneration in IVD tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Dong Bai
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Li
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
- 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital , Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hai Chen
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ming Guo
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Sheng Hou
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Li Wang
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing He
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Di-Ke Ruan
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy General Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
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29
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Schroeder GD, Markova DZ, Koerner JD, Rihn JA, Hilibrand AS, Vaccaro AR, Anderson DG, Kepler CK. Are Modic changes associated with intervertebral disc cytokine profiles? Spine J 2017; 17:129-134. [PMID: 27497891 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Degenerative changes including Modic changes (MCs) are commonly observed in patients with chronic low back pain. Although intervertebral disc (IVD) cytokine expression has been shown to be associated with low back pain, the cytokine profile for degenerative IVD with and without MC has not been compared. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the potential association between IVD cytokine expression and MCs. STUDY DESIGN A laboratory study was carried out. METHODS The IVD tissue samples from 10 patients with type II MCs and10 patients without MCs who underwent an anterior lumbar interbody and fusion for significant low back pain were collected. The expression levels of 42 cytokines were determined using a RayBio Human Cytokine Antibody Array 3 (RayBiotech Inc, Norcross, GA, USA) and the results were verified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The cytokine array demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (p=.001) and epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78) (p=.04), and a trend toward an increase in interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (p=.12) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p=.22) in IVDs associated with type II MCs. These results were validated with ELISA which demonstrated a 3.85-fold increase in the GM-CSF level between IVDs with type II MCs compared with those without MCs (p=.03). Similarly there was a significant increase in the level of both ENA-78 (3.68-fold, p=.02) and IL-1β (2.11-fold, p=.01) in IVDs with type II MCs. Lastly, there was a trend (p=.07) toward an increase in TNF-α in IVDs with type II MCs (4.4-fold). CONCLUSION Intervertebral discs with type II MCs demonstrate a significant increase in IL-1β, GM-CSF, and ENA-78, and there is a trend toward an increase in TNF-α. These results further strengthen the association between MCs and low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Schroeder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA; The Thomas Jefferson University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1025 Walnut St, Fifth Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Dessislava Z Markova
- The Thomas Jefferson University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1025 Walnut St, Fifth Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - John D Koerner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA; The Thomas Jefferson University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1025 Walnut St, Fifth Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jeffery A Rihn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA; The Thomas Jefferson University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1025 Walnut St, Fifth Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Alan S Hilibrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA; The Thomas Jefferson University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1025 Walnut St, Fifth Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Alexander R Vaccaro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA; The Thomas Jefferson University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1025 Walnut St, Fifth Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - D Greg Anderson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA; The Thomas Jefferson University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1025 Walnut St, Fifth Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Christopher K Kepler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, 925 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA; The Thomas Jefferson University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1025 Walnut St, Fifth Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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30
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Gao G, He J, Nong L, Xie H, Huang Y, Xu N, Zhou D. Periodic mechanical stress induces the extracellular matrix expression and migration of rat nucleus pulposus cells by upregulating the expression of intergrin α1 and phosphorylation of downstream phospholipase Cγ1. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2457-64. [PMID: 27484337 PMCID: PMC4991676 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) is a major cause of low back pain and an important socioeconomic burden. Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in the interverterbal disk is important for IDD. Stress of a suitable frequency and amplitude promotes the synthesis of the ECM of NP cells, however, the associated mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated The present study aimed to investigate the effect of integrin α1 on the migration and ECM synthesis of NP cells under soft periodic mechanical stress. Rat NP cells were isolated and plated onto slides, and were then treated with or without the use of a periodic mechanical stress system. The expression levels of integrin α1, α5 and αv, ECM collagen 2A1 (Col2A1) and aggrecan, and the phosphorylation of phospholipase C-γ1 (PLCγ1) were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. Cell migration was assayed using a scratch experiment. The results showed that exposure to periodic mechanical stress significantly induced the mRNA expression levels of Col2A1 and aggrecan, cell migration, mRNA expression of integrin α1 and phosphorylation of PLC-γ1 of the NP, compared with the control (P<0.05). Inhibition of the PLCγ1 protein by U73122 significantly decreased the ECM expression under periodic mechanical stress (P<0.05). Small interfering RNA-mediated integrin α1 gene knockdown suppressed the mRNA expression levels of Col2A1 and aggrecan, and suppressed the migration and phosphorylation of PLCγ1 of the NP cells under periodic mechanical stress, compared with the control (P<0.05). In conclusion, periodic mechanical stress induced ECM expression and the migration of NP cells via upregulating the expression of integrin α1 and the phosphorylation of downstream PLCγ1. These findings provide novel information to aid the understanding of the pathogenesis and development of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongming Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Orthopedics, Jintan People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jintan, Jiangsu 213200, P.R. China
| | - Luming Nong
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Jintan People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jintan, Jiangsu 213200, P.R. China
| | - Yongjing Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Nanwei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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Oh CD, Yasuda H, Zhao W, Henry SP, Zhang Z, Xue M, de Crombrugghe B, Chen D. SOX9 directly Regulates CTGF/CCN2 Transcription in Growth Plate Chondrocytes and in Nucleus Pulposus Cells of Intervertebral Disc. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29916. [PMID: 27436052 PMCID: PMC4951750 DOI: 10.1038/srep29916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) stimulates chondrocyte proliferation and maturation. Given the fact that SOX9 is essential for several steps of the chondrocyte differentiation pathway, we asked whether Ctgf (Ccn2) is the direct target gene of SOX9. We found that Ctgf mRNA was down-regulated in primary sternal chondrocytes from Sox9flox/flox mice infected with Ad-CMV-Cre. We performed ChIP-on-chip assay using anti-SOX9 antibody, covering the Ctgf gene from 15 kb upstream of its 5′-end to 10 kb downstream of its 3′-end to determine SOX9 interaction site. One high-affinity interaction site was identified in the Ctgf proximal promoter by ChIP-on-chip assay. An important SOX9 regulatory element was found to be located in −70/−64 region of the Ctgf promoter. We found the same site for SOX9 binding to the Ctgf promoter in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. The loss of Sox9 in growth plate chondrocytes in knee joint and in NP cells in intervertebral disc led to the decrease in CTGF expression. We suggest that Ctgf is the direct target gene of SOX9 in chondrocytes and NP cells. Our study establishes a strong link between two regulatory molecules that have a major role in cartilaginous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-do Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hideyo Yasuda
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics &Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen P Henry
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhaoping Zhang
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ming Xue
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Benoit de Crombrugghe
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Decoding the intervertebral disc: Unravelling the complexities of cell phenotypes and pathways associated with degeneration and mechanotransduction. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 62:94-103. [PMID: 27208724 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Back pain is the most common cause of pain and disability worldwide. While its etiology remains unknown, it is typically associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Despite the prevalence of back pain, relatively little is known about the specific cellular pathways and mechanisms that contribute to the development, function and degeneration of the IVD. Consequently, current treatments for back pain are largely limited to symptomatic interventions. However, major progress is being made in multiple research directions to unravel the biology and pathology of the IVD, raising hope that effective disease-modifying interventions will soon be developed. In this review, we will discuss our current knowledge and gaps in knowledge on the developmental origin of the IVD, the phenotype of the distinct cell types found within the IVD tissues, molecular targets in IVD degeneration identified using bioinformatics strategies, and mechanotransduction pathways that influence IVD cell fate and function.
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Wang J, Chen H, Cao P, Wu X, Zang F, Shi L, Liang L, Yuan W. Inflammatory cytokines induce caveolin-1/β-catenin signalling in rat nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis through the p38 MAPK pathway. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:362-72. [PMID: 27125453 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells is a major cause of intervertebral disc degeneration. To elucidate relationships between caveolin-1 and cytokine-induced apoptosis, we investigated the role of caveolin-1 in cytokine-induced apoptosis in rat NP cells and the related signalling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat NP cells were treated with interleukin (IL)-1β or tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and knockdown of caveolin-1 and β-catenin was achieved using specific siRNAs. Then, apoptotic level of rat NP cells and expression and activation of caveolin-1/β-catenin signalling were assessed by flow cytometric analysis, qRT-PCR, western blotting and luciferase assays. The relationship between the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and caveolin-1 promoter activity was also determined by luciferase assays. RESULTS IL-1β and TNF-α induced apoptosis, upregulated caveolin-1 expression and activated Wnt/β-catenin signalling in rat NP cells, while the induction effect of cytokines was reversed by caveolin-1 siRNA and β-catenin siRNA. Promotion of rat NP cell apoptosis and nuclear translocation of β-catenin induced by caveolin-1 overexpression were abolished by β-catenin siRNA. Furthermore, pretreatment with a p38 MAPK inhibitor or dominant negative-p38, blocked cytokine-dependent induction of caveolin-1/β-catenin expression and activity. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed the role of p38/caveolin-1/β-catenin in inflammatory cytokine-induced apoptosis in rat NP cells. Thus, controlling p38/caveolin-1/β-catenin activity seemed to regulate IL-1β- and TNF-α-induced apoptosis in the NP during intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Huajiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Fazhi Zang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Liangyu Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
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34
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Cell surface receptors for CCN proteins. J Cell Commun Signal 2016; 10:121-7. [PMID: 27098435 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The CCN family (CYR61; CTGF; NOV; CCN1-6; WISP1-3) of matricellular proteins in mammals is comprised of six homologous members that play important roles in development, inflammation, tissue repair, and a broad range of pathological processes including fibrosis and cancer. Despite considerable effort to search for a high affinity CCN-specific receptor akin to growth factor receptors, no such receptor has been found. Rather, CCNs bind several groups of multi-ligand receptors as characteristic of other matricellular proteins. The most extensively documented among CCN-binding receptors are integrins, including αvβ3, αvβ5, α5β1, α6β1, αIIbβ3, αMβ2, and αDβ2, which mediate diverse CCN functions in various cell types. CCNs also bind cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), low density liproprotein receptor-related proteins (LRPs), and the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) receptor, which are endocytic receptors that may also serve as co-receptors in cooperation with other cell surface receptors. CCNs have also been reported to bind FGFR-2, Notch, RANK, and TrkA, potentially altering the affinities of these receptors for their ligands. The ability of CCNs to bind a multitude of receptors in various cell types may account for the remarkable versatility of their functions, and underscore the diverse signaling pathways that mediate their activities.
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35
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Johnson ZI, Gogate SS, Day R, Binch A, Markova DZ, Chiverton N, Cole A, Conner M, Shapiro IM, Le Maitre CL, Risbud MV. Aquaporin 1 and 5 expression decreases during human intervertebral disc degeneration: Novel HIF-1-mediated regulation of aquaporins in NP cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11945-58. [PMID: 25844601 PMCID: PMC4494915 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives of this study were to investigate whether AQP1 and AQP5 expression is altered during intervertebral disc degeneration and if hypoxia and HIF-1 regulate their expression in NP cells. AQP expression was measured in human tissues from different degenerative grades; regulation by hypoxia and HIF-1 was studied using promoter analysis and gain- and loss-of-function experiments. We show that both AQPs are expressed in the disc and that mRNA and protein levels decline with human disease severity. Bioinformatic analyses of AQP promoters showed multiple evolutionarily conserved HREs. Surprisingly, hypoxia failed to induce promoter activity or expression of either AQP. While genomic chromatin immunoprecipitation showed limited binding of HIF-1α to conserved HREs, their mutation did not suppress promoter activities. Stable HIF-1α suppression significantly decreased mRNA and protein levels of both AQPs, but HIF-1α failed to induce AQP levels following accumulation. Together, our results demonstrate that AQP1 and AQP5 expression is sensitive to human disc degeneration and that HIF-1α uniquely maintains basal expression of both AQPs in NP cells, independent of oxemic tension and HIF-1 binding to promoter HREs. Diminished HIF-1 activity during degeneration may suppress AQP levels in NP cells, compromising their ability to respond to extracellular osmolarity changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zariel I Johnson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shilpa S Gogate
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Day
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Abbie Binch
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dessislava Z Markova
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neil Chiverton
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ashley Cole
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matt Conner
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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36
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Ding L, Wu J, Li D, Wang H, Zhu B, Lu W, Xu G. Effects of CCN3 on rat cartilage endplate chondrocytes cultured under serum deprivation in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2017-22. [PMID: 26795879 PMCID: PMC4768995 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of apoptotic cells and loss of extracellular matrix (ECM) are common characteristics of degenerated cartilage endplates (CEPs). In addition, therapeutic efficacy is hampered by an incomplete understanding regarding the mechanisms underlying CEP homeostasis and degeneration. The CCN proteins have recently emerged as important regulators of cell-ECM interactions, and have been identified as key mediators of nucleus pulposus ECM composition and tissue homeostasis. However, whether CCN3 is associated with CEP homeostasis has yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of CCN3 on the apoptosis and ECM synthesis of CEP cells cultured under serum deprivation. Rat CEP cells were confirmed to be of the chondrocytic phenotype by toluidine blue staining. The mRNA expression levels of CCN3 were markedly increased, and a dose-dependent increase of apoptotic rate was detected under serum deprivation conditions following treatment with recombinant CCN3, whereas CCN3 did not exert a proapoptotic effect on cells cultured under normal conditions. Furthermore, CCN3-treated cells exhibited a decrease in the expression levels of aggrecan and collagen II in both groups. These results suggested that CCN3 may act as a regulator, rather than an initiator, of serum deprivation-induced cellular apoptosis, and that CCN3 has a catabolic effect on the mediation of ECM synthesis under both normal and serum deprivation conditions. Therefore, CCN3 may represent a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of CEP degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Jingping Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Defang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Houlei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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Binch ALA, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Syndecan-4 in intervertebral disc and cartilage: Saint or synner? Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:355-362. [PMID: 26796346 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ECM of the intervertebral disc and articular cartilage contains a highly organised network of collagens and proteoglycans which resist compressive forces applied to these tissues. A pathological hallmark of the intervertebral disc is the imbalance between production of anabolic and catabolic factors by the resident cells. This process is thought to be mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, predominantly TNF-α and IL-1β, which upregulate expression of matrix degrading enzymes such as MMPs and ADAMTSs. This imbalance ultimately results in tissue degeneration causing failure of the biomechanical function of the tissues. A similar cascade of events is thought to occur in articular cartilage during development of osteoarthritis. Within these skeletal tissues a small, cell surface heparan sulphate proteoglycan; syndecan-4 (SDC4) has been implicated in maintaining physiological functions. However in the degenerating niche of the intervertebral disc and cartilage, dysregulated activities of this molecule may exacerbate pathological changes. Studies in recent years have elucidated a role for SDC4 in mediating matrix degradation in both intervertebral discs and cartilage by controlling ADAMTS-5 function and MMP3 expression. Discourse presented in this review highlights the potential of SDC4 as a possible therapeutic target in slowing the progression of ECM degradation in both degenerative disc disease and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie L A Binch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
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38
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Tian Y, Yuan W, Li J, Wang H, Hunt MG, Liu C, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. TGFβ regulates Galectin-3 expression through canonical Smad3 signaling pathway in nucleus pulposus cells: implications in intervertebral disc degeneration. Matrix Biol 2015; 50:39-52. [PMID: 26639428 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is highly expressed in notochordal nucleus pulposus (NP) and thought to play important physiological roles; however, regulation of its expression remains largely unexplored. The aim of the study was to investigate if TGFβ regulates Galectin-3 expression in NP cells. TGFβ treatment resulted in decreased Galectin-3 expression. Bioinformatic analysis using JASPAR and MatInspector databases cross-referenced with published ChIP-Seq data showed nine locations of highly probable Smad3 binding in the LGALS3 proximal promoter. In NP cells, TGFβ treatment resulted in decreased activity of reporters harboring several 5' deletions of the proximal Galectin-3 promoter. While transfection of NP cells with constitutively active (CA)-ALK5 resulted in decreased promoter activity, DN-ALK5 blocked the suppressive effect of TGFβ on the promoter. The suppressive effect of Smad3 on the Galectin-3 promoter was confirmed using gain- and loss-of-function studies. Transfection with DN-Smad3 or Smad7 blocked TGFβ mediated suppression of promoter activity. We also measured Galectin-3 promoter activity in Smad3 null and wild type cells. Noteworthy, promoter activity was suppressed by TGFβ only in wild type cells. Likewise, stable silencing of Smad3 in NP cells using sh-Smad3 significantly blocked TGFβ-dependent decrease in Galectin-3 expression. Treatment of human NP cells isolated from tissues with different grades of degeneration showed that Galectin-3 expression was responsive to TGF-β-mediated suppression. Importantly, Galectin-3 synergized effects of TNF-α on inflammatory gene expression by NP cells. Together these studies suggest that TGFβ, through Smad3 controls Galectin-3 expression in NP cells and may have implications in the intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.; Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Maxwell G Hunt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shaghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A..
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Gorth DJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Discovery of the drivers of inflammation induced chronic low back pain: from bacteria to diabetes. DISCOVERY MEDICINE 2015; 20:177-184. [PMID: 26562470 PMCID: PMC5948001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The intervertebral disc is a unique avascular organ that supports axial skeleton flexion and rotation. The high proteoglycan content of the nucleus pulposus tissue, present at the center of the disc, is pivotal for its mechanical function, distribution of compressive loads. Chronic low back pain, a prevalent and costly condition, is strongly associated with disc degeneration. Degenerated discs exhibit high levels of inflammatory cytokines, matrix catabolizing enzymes, and an overall reduction in proteoglycan content. Although the cytokine profile of diseased discs has been widely studied, little is known of what initiates and drives inflammation and subsequent low back pain. Recent studies have shown that anaerobic bacteria are present in a high percentage of painful, herniated discs and long-term treatment with antibiotics resolves symptoms associated with chronic low back pain. It is thought that these anaerobic bacteria in the disc may stimulate inflammation through toll-like receptors to further exacerbate disc degeneration. Despite the promise and novelty of this theory, there are other possible inflammatory mediators that need careful consideration. The metabolic environment associated with diabetes and atypical matrix degradation products also have the ability to activate many of the same inflammatory pathways as seen during microbial infection. It is therefore imperative that the research community must investigate the contribution of all possible drivers of inflammation to address the wide spread problem of discogenic chronic low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Gorth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Irving M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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40
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Johnson ZI, Schoepflin ZR, Choi H, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV, Risbud MV. Disc in flames: Roles of TNF-α and IL-1β in intervertebral disc degeneration. Eur Cell Mater 2015; 30:104-16; discussion 116-7. [PMID: 26388614 PMCID: PMC4751407 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v030a08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc is an important mechanical structure that allows range of motion of the spinal column. Degeneration of the intervertebral disc--incited by aging, traumatic insult, genetic predisposition, or other factors--is often defined by functional and structural changes in the tissue, including excessive breakdown of the extracellular matrix, increased disc cell senescence and death, as well as compromised biomechanical function of the tissue. Intervertebral disc degeneration is strongly correlated with low back pain, which is a highly prevalent and costly condition, significantly contributing to loss in productivity and health care costs. Disc degeneration is a chronic, progressive condition, and current therapies are limited and often focused on symptomatic pain relief rather than curtailing the progression of the disease. Inflammatory processes exacerbated by cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are believed to be key mediators of disc degeneration and low back pain. In this review, we describe the contributions of TNF-α and IL-1β to changes seen during disc degeneration at both cellular and tissue level, as well as new evidence suggesting a link between infection of the spine and low back pain, and the emerging therapeutic modalities aimed at combating these processes.
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41
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Interleukin-1β in intervertebral disk degeneration. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 450:262-72. [PMID: 26341894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) is the most common diagnosis in patients with low back pain, a main cause of musculoskeletal disability in the world. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) β is the most important member of the IL-1 family, and has a strong pro-inflammatory activity by stimulating the secretion of multiple pro-inflammatory mediators. IL-1β is highly expressed in degenerative intervertebral disk (IVD) tissues and cells, and it has been shown to be involved in multiple pathological processes during disk degeneration, including inflammatory responses, matrix destruction, angiogenesis and innervation, cellular apoptosis, oxidative stress and cellular senescence. However, inhibition of IL-1β is found to promote extracellular matrix (ECM) repair and protect against disk regeneration. In this review, after a brief description of IL-1β signaling, we mainly focus on the expression profiles, roles and therapeutic potential of IL-1β in IDD. A better understanding will help develop novel IL-1β-based therapeutic interventions for degenerative disk disease.
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42
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Developments in intervertebral disc disease research: pathophysiology, mechanobiology, and therapeutics. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2015; 8:18-31. [PMID: 25694233 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-014-9253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Low back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide and the second most common cause of physician visits. There are many causes of back pain, and among them, disc herniation and intervertebral disc degeneration are the most common diagnoses and targets for intervention. Currently, clinical treatment outcomes are not strongly correlated with diagnoses, emphasizing the importance for characterizing more completely the mechanisms of degeneration and their relationships with symptoms. This review covers recent studies elucidating cellular and molecular changes associated with disc mechanobiology, as it relates to degeneration and regeneration. Specifically, we review findings on the biochemical changes in disc diseases, including cytokines, chemokines, and proteases; advancements in disc disease diagnostics using imaging modalities; updates on studies examining the response of the intervertebral disc to injury; and recent developments in repair strategies, including cell-based repair, biomaterials, and tissue engineering. Findings on the effects of the omega-6 fatty acid, linoleic acid, on nucleus pulposus tissue engineering are presented. Studies described in this review provide greater insights into the pathogenesis of disc degeneration and may define new paradigms for early or differential diagnostics of degeneration using new techniques such as systemic biomarkers. In addition, research on the mechanobiology of disease enriches the development of therapeutics for disc repair, with potential to diminish pain and disability associated with disc degeneration.
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Zhao YP, Tian QY, Liu B, Cuellar J, Richbourgh B, Jia TH, Liu CJ. Progranulin knockout accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration in aging mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9102. [PMID: 25777988 PMCID: PMC4894449 DOI: 10.1038/srep09102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common degenerative disease, yet much is unknown about the mechanisms during its pathogenesis. Herein we investigated whether progranulin (PGRN), a chondroprotective growth factor, is associated with IVD degeneration. PGRN was detectable in both human and murine IVD. The levels of PGRN were upregulated in murine IVD tissue during aging process. Loss of PGRN resulted in an early onset of degenerative changes in the IVD tissue and altered expressions of the degeneration-associated molecules in the mouse IVD tissue. Moreover, PGRN knockout mice exhibited accelerated IVD matrix degeneration, abnormal bone formation and exaggerated bone resorption in vertebra with aging. The acceleration of IVD degeneration observed in PGRN null mice was probably due to the enhanced activation of NF-κB signaling and β-catenin signaling. Taken together, PGRN may play a critical role in homeostasis of IVD, and may serve as a potential molecular target for prevention and treatment of disc degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-peng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. 10003
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Qing-yun Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. 10003
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. 10003
| | - Jason Cuellar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. 10003
| | - Brendon Richbourgh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. 10003
| | - Tang-hong Jia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Chuan-ju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. 10003
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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Risbud MV, Schoepflin ZR, Mwale F, Kandel RA, Grad S, Iatridis JC, Sakai D, Hoyland JA. Defining the phenotype of young healthy nucleus pulposus cells: recommendations of the Spine Research Interest Group at the 2014 annual ORS meeting. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:283-93. [PMID: 25411088 PMCID: PMC4399824 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain is a major physical and socioeconomic problem. Degeneration of the intervertebral disc and especially that of nucleus pulposus (NP) has been linked to low back pain. In spite of much research focusing on the NP, consensus among the research community is lacking in defining the NP cell phenotype. A consensus agreement will allow easier distinguishing of NP cells from annulus fibrosus (AF) cells and endplate chondrocytes, a better gauge of therapeutic success, and a better guidance of tissue-engineering-based regenerative strategies that attempt to replace lost NP tissue. Most importantly, a clear definition will further the understanding of physiology and function of NP cells, ultimately driving development of novel cell-based therapeutic modalities. The Spine Research Interest Group at the 2014 Annual ORS Meeting in New Orleans convened with the task of compiling a working definition of the NP cell phenotype with hope that a consensus statement will propel disc research forward into the future. Based on evaluation of recent studies describing characteristic NP markers and their physiologic relevance, we make the recommendation of the following healthy NP phenotypic markers: stabilized expression of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, aggrecan/collagen II ratio >20, Shh, Brachyury, KRT18/19, CA12, and CD24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makarand V. Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA
| | - Zachary R. Schoepflin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA
| | - Fackson Mwale
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Rita A. Kandel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lunenfeld Tannenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - James C. Iatridis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Judith A. Hoyland
- Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Yang H, Liu H, Li X, Pan H, Li Z, Wang J, Zheng Z. TNF-α and TGF-β1 regulate Syndecan-4 expression in nucleus pulposus cells: role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB pathways. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:281-7. [PMID: 25491150 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2014.996702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Syndecan-4 is emerging as an important player in cell interaction with the extracellular environment and has been shown to be involved in the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration. However, the mechanism of syndecan-4 regulation by TNF-α and the role of TGF-β1 in regulating syndecan-4 expression remain poorly understood in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. The aim of this study was to investigate these mechanisms. We exposed NP cells to TNF-α and the gene, protein expression, and promoter activity levels of syndecan-4 were measured by qPCR, western blotting, and the luciferase reporter assay, respectively. The activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways was detected using western blot analysis. Syndecan-4 expression in rat NP cells was increased by TNF-α, but this was neither time nor dose dependent in response to TNF-α. ERK1/2, JNK, and NF-κB pathways were activated following TNF-α treatment. Treatment with ERK1/2 and NF-κB inhibitors decreased the up-regulation of syndecan-4 by TNF-α. However, JNK inhibition showed no effect on syndecan-4 expression induced by TNF-α. TNF-α mediated up-regulation of syndecan-4 was antagonized by TGF-β1. This study provided evidence for the differential regulation by MAPK and NF-κB pathways in the over-expression of syndecan-4 promoted by TNF-α in NP cells. Our results demonstrate that TGF-β1 exerts anabolic effects on intervertebral discs by inhibiting the expression of syndecan-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University, China
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Laboratory study. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the differential gene expression of cytokines and growth factors in anterior versus posterior annulus fibrosus (AF) intervertebral disc (IVD) specimens. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Histological analysis has demonstrated regional differences in vascular and neural ingrowth in the IVD, and similar differences may exist for cytokine and growth factor expression in patients with degenerative disc disease (DDD). Regional expression of these cytokines may also be related to the pain experienced in DDD. METHODS IVD tissue was obtained from patients undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery for back pain with radiological evidence of disc degeneration. For a control group, the discs of patients undergoing anterior lumbar discectomy for degenerative scoliosis were obtained as well. The tissue was carefully removed and separated into anterior and posterior AF. After tissue processing, an antibody array was completed to determine expression levels of 42 cytokines and growth factors. RESULTS Nine discs from 7 patients with DDD and 5 discs from 2 patients with scoliosis were analyzed. In the DDD group, there were 10 cytokines and growth factors with significantly increased expression in the posterior AF versus the anterior AF ([interleukin] IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, M-CSF, MDC, tumor necrosis factor β, EGF, IGF-1, angiogenin, leptin). In the scoliosis group, only angiogenin and PDGF-BB demonstrated increased expression in the posterior AF. No cytokines or growth factors had increased expression in the anterior AF compared with posterior AF. CONCLUSION The posterior AF expresses increased levels of cytokines and growth factors compared with the anterior AF in patients with DDD. This differential expression may be important for targeting treatment of painful IVDs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Targeting the extracellular matrix: Matricellular proteins regulate cell–extracellular matrix communication within distinct niches of the intervertebral disc. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:124-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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