1
|
Schiller M, Wilson GC, Keitsch S, Soddemann M, Wilker B, Edwards MJ, Scherbaum N, Gulbins E. Phosphatidic acid is involved in regulation of autophagy in neurons in vitro and in vivo. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-03026-8. [PMID: 39375214 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-03026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and severe psychiatric disease, which does not only lead to variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms, but unfortunately in a relatively large proportion of cases also to suicide. The pathogenesis of MDD still requires definition. We have previously shown that ceramide is increased in the blood plasma of patients with MDD. In mouse models of MDD, which are induced by treatment with corticosterone or application of chronic unpredictable stress, increased blood plasma ceramide also increased and caused an inhibition of phospholipase D in endothelial cells of the hippocampus and reduced phosphatidic acid levels in the hippocampus. Here, we demonstrated that corticosterone treatment of PC12 cells resulted in reduced cellular autophagy, which is corrected by treatment with phosphatidic acid. In vivo, treatment of mice with corticosterone or chronic unpredictable stress also reduced autophagy in hippocampus neurons. Autophagy was normalized upon i.v. injection of phosphatidic acid in these mouse models of MDD. In an attempt to identify targets of phosphatidic acid in neurons, we demonstrated that corticosterone reduced levels of the ganglioside GM1 in PC-12 cells and the hippocampus of mice, which were normalized by treatment of cells or i.v. injection of mice with phosphatidic acid. GM1 application also normalized autophagy in cultured neurons. Phosphatidic acid and GM1 corrected stress-induced alterations in behavior, i.e., mainly anxiety and anhedonia, in experimental MDD in mice. Our data suggest that phosphatidic acid may regulate via GM1 autophagy in neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schiller
- LLVR-University Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Gregory C Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0558, USA
| | - Simone Keitsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Soddemann
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Wilker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael J Edwards
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- LLVR-University Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lim SH, Lee H, Lee HJ, Kim K, Choi J, Han JM, Min DS. PLD1 is a key player in cancer stemness and chemoresistance: Therapeutic targeting of cross-talk between the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1479-1487. [PMID: 38945955 PMCID: PMC11297275 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of chemoresistance is a major challenge in the treatment of several types of cancers in clinical settings. Stemness and chemoresistance are the chief causes of poor clinical outcomes. In this context, we hypothesized that understanding the signaling pathways responsible for chemoresistance in cancers is crucial for the development of novel targeted therapies to overcome drug resistance. Among the aberrantly activated pathways, the PI3K-Akt/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is clinically implicated in malignancies such as colorectal cancer (CRC) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Aberrant dysregulation of phospholipase D (PLD) has been implicated in several malignancies, and oncogenic activation of this pathway facilitates tumor proliferation, stemness, and chemoresistance. Crosstalk involving the PLD and Wnt/β-catenin pathways promotes the progression of CRC and GBM and reduces the sensitivity of cancer cells to standard therapies. Notably, both pathways are tightly regulated and connected at multiple levels by upstream and downstream effectors. Thus, gaining deeper insights into the interactions between these pathways would help researchers discover unique therapeutic targets for the management of drug-resistant cancers. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which PLD signaling stimulates stemness and chemoresistance in CRC and GBM. Thus, the current review aims to address the importance of PLD as a central player coordinating cross-talk between the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways and proposes the possibility of targeting these pathways to improve cancer therapy and overcome drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hun Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesung Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuglae Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Junjeong Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marvi MV, Neri I, Evangelisti C, Ramazzotti G, Asioli S, Zoli M, Mazzatenta D, Neri N, Morandi L, Tonon C, Lodi R, Franceschi E, McCubrey JA, Suh PG, Manzoli L, Ratti S. Phospholipases in Gliomas: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives from Bench to Bedside. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050798. [PMID: 37238668 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases are essential intermediaries that work as hydrolyzing enzymes of phospholipids (PLs), which represent the most abundant species contributing to the biological membranes of nervous cells of the healthy human brain. They generate different lipid mediators, such as diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, and arachidonic acid, representing key elements of intra- and inter-cellular signaling and being involved in the regulation of several cellular mechanisms that can promote tumor progression and aggressiveness. In this review, it is summarized the current knowledge about the role of phospholipases in brain tumor progression, focusing on low- and high-grade gliomas, representing promising prognostic or therapeutic targets in cancer therapies due to their influential roles in cell proliferation, migration, growth, and survival. A deeper understanding of the phospholipases-related signaling pathways could be necessary to pave the way for new targeted therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Marvi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Neri
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Asioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Programma Neurochirurgia Ipofisi-Pituitary Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40124 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Zoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Programma Neurochirurgia Ipofisi-Pituitary Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40124 Bologna, Italy
| | - Diego Mazzatenta
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Programma Neurochirurgia Ipofisi-Pituitary Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40124 Bologna, Italy
| | - Niccolò Neri
- Programma Neurochirurgia Ipofisi-Pituitary Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40124 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Morandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Tonon
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaele Lodi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng Q, Liu J, Yan Y, Zhang G, Wang P, Zhang H, Liu X, Zhang L, Wang X. Modified 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy suppresses cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma through blocking Akt/mTOR-mediated autophagic flux. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1114678. [PMID: 37007013 PMCID: PMC10063783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1114678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously found that modified 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (M-PDT) is painless and effective in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) treatment, however, the regulatory mechanism of M-PDT in cSCC is still unclear.Objective: To clarify the effect and relevant regulatory mechanism of M-PDT in cSCC.Methods: The cSCC apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry, TUNEL staining and Cleaved-caspase-3 immunofluorescence, respectively. The autophagy-related characterization was detected by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), GFP-LC3B autophagic vacuoles localization and mRFP-EGFP tandem fluorescence-tagged LC3B construct, respectively. The expression of autophagy-related proteins and Akt/mTOR signaling molecules were examined by Western blot. ROS generation was measured by DCFH-DA probe.Results: We found that M-PDT induced cSCC apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, and this result was related to autophagic flux blockage. The phenomenon is confirmed by the results that M-PDT could induce autophagosomes accumulation and upregulate LC3-II and p62 expression. M-PDT elevated co-localization of RFP and GFP tandem-tagged LC3B puncta in cSCC cell, reflecting autophagic flux blockage, and this was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, we noticed that M-PDT induced accumulated autophagosomes-dependent apoptosis via targeting ROS-mediated Akt/mTOR signaling. Suppression of Akt potentiated M-PDT-induced upregulation of LC3-II and p62 levels, whereas Akt activation and ROS inhibition rendered resistance to these events. In addition, we observed that lysosomal dysfunction was involved in M-PDT-triggered accumulated autophagosomes-dependent cSCC apoptosis.Conclusion: Our data demonstrates that M-PDT inhibits cSCC through blocking Akt/mTOR-mediated autophagic flux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiuli Wang
- *Correspondence: Linglin Zhang, ; Xiuli Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abdul Rashid K, Ibrahim K, Wong JHD, Mohd Ramli N. Lipid Alterations in Glioma: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121280. [PMID: 36557318 PMCID: PMC9783089 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are highly lethal tumours characterised by heterogeneous molecular features, producing various metabolic phenotypes leading to therapeutic resistance. Lipid metabolism reprogramming is predominant and has contributed to the metabolic plasticity in glioma. This systematic review aims to discover lipids alteration and their biological roles in glioma and the identification of potential lipids biomarker. This systematic review was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Extensive research articles search for the last 10 years, from 2011 to 2021, were conducted using four electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and ScienceDirect. A total of 158 research articles were included in this study. All studies reported significant lipid alteration between glioma and control groups, impacting glioma cell growth, proliferation, drug resistance, patients' survival and metastasis. Different lipids demonstrated different biological roles, either beneficial or detrimental effects on glioma. Notably, prostaglandin (PGE2), triacylglycerol (TG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and sphingosine-1-phosphate play significant roles in glioma development. Conversely, the most prominent anti-carcinogenic lipids include docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and vitamin D3 have been reported to have detrimental effects on glioma cells. Furthermore, high lipid signals were detected at 0.9 and 1.3 ppm in high-grade glioma relative to low-grade glioma. This evidence shows that lipid metabolisms were significantly dysregulated in glioma. Concurrent with this knowledge, the discovery of specific lipid classes altered in glioma will accelerate the development of potential lipid biomarkers and enhance future glioma therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khairunnisa Abdul Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kamariah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Norlisah Mohd Ramli
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-379673238
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee H, Jung TY, Lim SH, Choi EJ, Lee J, Min DS. Phospholipase D2 is a positive regulator of sirtuin 1 and modulates p53-mediated apoptosis via sirtuin 1. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1287-1297. [PMID: 34471223 PMCID: PMC8492672 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent histone deacetylase that plays diverse physiological roles. However, little is known about the regulation of SIRT1 activity. Here, we show that phospholipase D2 (PLD2), but not PLD1, selectively interacts with SIRT1 and increases the deacetylase activity of SIRT1. PLD2 does not interact with the other isozymes of SIRT (SIRT2–7). Two leucine residues in the LXXLL motif (L173 and L174) in the phox domain of PLD2 interact with the region essential for SIRT1 activity. PLD2 stimulates the SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of p53 independent of its lipase activity. In our study, mutagenesis of the LXXLL motif suppressed the interaction of PLD2 with SIRT1 and inhibited SIRT1-mediated p53 deacetylation and p53-induced transactivation of proapoptotic genes. Ultimately, overexpression of wild-type PLD2 but not that of LXXLL-mutant PLD2 protected cells against etoposide-induced apoptosis. Moreover, PLD2 did not protect against apoptosis induced by SIRT1 depletion under genotoxic stress. Collectively, our results suggest that PLD2 is a positive regulator of SIRT1 and modulates p53-mediated apoptosis via SIRT1. New details about the regulatory mechanisms that prevent tumor cell death could be exploited to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The sirtuin (SIRT) protein family has been linked to both promotion and suppression of tumors in different cancers. The enzyme SIRT1 in particular deacetylates, and thereby deactivates, the key tumor-suppressing antigen p53, stopping p53 from inducing apoptosis (controlled cell death) in tumors. Do Sik Min at Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea, and co-workers revealed that this SIRT1 deacetylation of p53 is greatly enhanced by the activity of the enzyme phospholipase D2 (PLD2). A particular region on PLD2 is required to activate SIRT1, this activation leading to protection of tumor cells from apoptosis induced by the chemotherapy drug etoposide. Therapies that target that region on PLD2 might therefore suppress a tumor’s natural resistance to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyesung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Taek-Yeol Jung
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Seong Hun Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea.,Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Jinu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea.,Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ramaiah MJ, Kumar KR. mTOR-Rictor-EGFR axis in oncogenesis and diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4813-4835. [PMID: 34132942 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the aggressive brain cancers with patients having less survival period upto 12-15 months. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase, belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) pathway and is involved in various cellular processes of cancer cells. Cancer metabolism is regulated by mTOR and its components. mTOR forms two complexes as mTORC1 and mTORC2. Studies have identified the key component of the mTORC2 complex, Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin (Rictor) plays a prominent role in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation and metabolism. Apart, growth factor receptor signaling such as epidermal growth factor signaling mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates cancer-related processes. In EGFR signaling various other signaling cascades such as phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR pathway) and Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) -dependent signaling cross-talk each other. From various studies about GBM, it is very well established that Rictor and EGFR mediated signaling pathways majorly playing a pivotal role in chemoresistance and tumor aggressiveness. Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the EGFR and Rictor and sensitize the cells towards chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, understanding of microRNA mediated regulation of EGFR and Rictor will help in cancer prevention and management as well as a future therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Janaki Ramaiah
- Functional Genomics and Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Rohil Kumar
- Functional Genomics and Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nagumo Y, Kandori S, Tanuma K, Nitta S, Chihara I, Shiga M, Hoshi A, Negoro H, Kojima T, Mathis BJ, Funakoshi Y, Nishiyama H. PLD1 promotes tumor invasion by regulation of MMP-13 expression via NF-κB signaling in bladder cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 511:15-25. [PMID: 33945837 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Invasion of bladder cancer (BC) cells from the mucosa into the muscle layer is canonical for BC progression while phospholipase D isoform 1 (PLD1) is known to mediate development of cancer through phosphatidic acid (PA) production. We therefore used in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches to detail the effect of PLD1 on BC invasion. In BC patients, higher levels of PLD1 expression were associated with poor prognoses. PLD1 knockdown significantly suppressed cellular invasion by human BC cells and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) was observed to mediate this effect. In our mouse bladder carcinogenesis model, the development of invasive BCs was suppressed by PLD1 knockout and a global transcriptomic analysis in this model indicated MMP-13 as a potential tumor invasion gene with NF-κB (nuclear factor-kB) as its transcriptional regulator. Furthermore, PA administration increased MMP-13 expression in line with NF-κB p65 phosphorylation levels. Collectively, we demonstrate that PLD1 promotes tumor invasion of BC by regulation of MMP-13 expression through the NF-κB signaling pathway and that PLD1 might be a potential therapeutic target to prevent clinical progression in BC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Nagumo
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuya Kandori
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Kozaburo Tanuma
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nitta
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ichiro Chihara
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masanobu Shiga
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akio Hoshi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Negoro
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kojima
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Bryan J Mathis
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Affiliated Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuji Funakoshi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishiyama
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bowling FZ, Frohman MA, Airola MV. Structure and regulation of human phospholipase D. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 79:100783. [PMID: 33495125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian phospholipase D (PLD) generates phosphatidic acid, a dynamic lipid secondary messenger involved with a broad spectrum of cellular functions including but not limited to metabolism, migration, and exocytosis. As a promising pharmaceutical target, the biochemical properties of PLD have been well characterized. This has led to the recent crystal structures of human PLD1 and PLD2, the development of PLD specific pharmacological inhibitors, and the identification of cellular regulators of PLD. In this review, we discuss the PLD1 and PLD2 structures, PLD inhibition by small molecules, and the regulation of PLD activity by effector proteins and lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Z Bowling
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Frohman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael V Airola
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Phospholipase D1 and D2 Synergistically Regulate Thrombus Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186954. [PMID: 32971863 PMCID: PMC7555624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and PLD2 inhibition by selective PLD1 and PLD2 inhibitors could prevent platelet aggregation in humans, but not in mice. Moreover, only the PLD1 inhibitor, but not PLD2 inhibitor, could effectively prevent thrombus formation in mice, indicating that PLD might play different roles in platelet function in humans and mice. Although PLD1 and PLD2 were reported to be implicated in thrombotic events, the role of PLD in mice remains not completely clear. Here, we investigated the role of PLD1 and PLD2 in acute pulmonary thrombosis and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced brain injury in mice. The data revealed that inhibition of PLD1, but not of PLD2, could partially prevent pulmonary thrombosis-induced death. Moreover, concurrent PLD1 and PLD2 inhibition could considerably increase survival rate. Likewise, inhibition of PLD1, but not PLD2, partially improved ischemic stroke and concurrent inhibition of PLD1, and PLD2 exhibited a relatively better protection against ischemic stroke, as evidenced by the infarct size, brain edema, modified neurological severity score, rotarod test, and the open field test. In conclusion, PLD1 might play a more important role than PLD2, and both PLD1 and PLD2 could act synergistically or have partially redundant functions in regulating thrombosis-relevant events.
Collapse
|
11
|
New Era of Diacylglycerol Kinase, Phosphatidic Acid and Phosphatidic Acid-Binding Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186794. [PMID: 32947951 PMCID: PMC7555651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DG) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA). Mammalian DGK consists of ten isozymes (α–κ) and governs a wide range of physiological and pathological events, including immune responses, neuronal networking, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, fragile X syndrome, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. DG and PA comprise diverse molecular species that have different acyl chains at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. Because the DGK activity is essential for phosphatidylinositol turnover, which exclusively produces 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-DG, it has been generally thought that all DGK isozymes utilize the DG species derived from the turnover. However, it was recently revealed that DGK isozymes, except for DGKε, phosphorylate diverse DG species, which are not derived from phosphatidylinositol turnover. In addition, various PA-binding proteins (PABPs), which have different selectivities for PA species, were recently found. These results suggest that DGK–PA–PABP axes can potentially construct a large and complex signaling network and play physiologically and pathologically important roles in addition to DGK-dependent attenuation of DG–DG-binding protein axes. For example, 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-PA produced by DGKδ interacts with and activates Praja-1, the E3 ubiquitin ligase acting on the serotonin transporter, which is a target of drugs for obsessive-compulsive and major depressive disorders, in the brain. This article reviews recent research progress on PA species produced by DGK isozymes, the selective binding of PABPs to PA species and a phosphatidylinositol turnover-independent DG supply pathway.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kang DW, Hwang WC, Noh YN, Park KS, Min DS. Phospholipase D1 inhibition sensitizes glioblastoma to temozolomide and suppresses its tumorigenicity. J Pathol 2020; 252:304-316. [PMID: 32725633 PMCID: PMC7693208 DOI: 10.1002/path.5519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Resistance of glioblastoma to the chemotherapeutic compound temozolomide is associated with the presence of glioblastoma stem cells in glioblastoma and is a key obstacle for the poor prognosis of glioblastoma. Here, we show that phospholipase D1 is elevated in CD44High glioblastoma stem cells and in glioblastoma, especially recurring glioblastoma. Phospholipase D1 elevation positively correlated with the level of CD44 and poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. Temozolomide significantly upregulated the expression of phospholipase D1 in the low and moderate CD44 populations of glioblastoma stem cells, but not in the CD44High population in which phospholipase D1 is highly expressed. Phospholipase D1 conferred resistance to temozolomide in CD44High glioblastoma stem cells and increased their self‐renewal capacity and maintenance. Phospholipase D1 expression significantly correlated with levels of temozolomide resistance factors, which were suppressed by microRNA‐320a and ‐4496 induced by phospholipase D1 inhibition. Genetic and pharmacological targeting of phospholipase D1 attenuated glioblastoma stem cell‐derived intracranial tumors of glioblastoma using the microRNAs, and improved survival. Treatment solely with temozolomide produced no benefits on the glioblastoma, whereas in combination, phospholipase D1 inhibition sensitized glioblastoma stem cells to temozolomide and reduced glioblastoma tumorigenesis. Together, these findings indicate that phospholipase D1 inhibition might overcome resistance to temozolomide and represents a potential treatment strategy for glioblastoma. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Chan Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Na Noh
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Seo Park
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kang DW, Hwang WC, Noh YN, Kang Y, Jang Y, Kim JA, Min DS. Phospholipase D1 is upregulated by vorinostat and confers resistance to vorinostat in glioblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:549-560. [PMID: 32869317 PMCID: PMC7692931 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor and drug resistance remains a major barrier for therapeutics. Epigenetic alterations are implicated in GBM pathogenesis, and epigenetic modulators including histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are exploited as promising anticancer therapies. Here, we demonstrate that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) is a transcriptional target of HDAC inhibitors and confers resistance to HDAC inhibitor in GBM. Treatment of vorinostat upregulates PLD1 through PKCζ‐Sp1 axis. Vorinostat induces dynamic changes in the chromatin structure and transcriptional machinery associated with PLD1 promoter region. Cotreatment of vorinostat with PLD1 inhibitor further attenuates invasion, angiogenesis, colony‐forming capacity, and self‐renewal capacity, compared with those of either treatment. PLD1 inhibitor overcomes resistance to vorinostat in GBM cells intracranial GBM tumors. Our finding provides new insight into the role of PLD1 as a target of resistance to vorinostat, and PLD1 inhibitor might provide the basis for therapeutic combinations with improved efficacy of HDAC inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Chan Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yu Na Noh
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, Biomedical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youra Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Jang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Borel M, Cuvillier O, Magne D, Mebarek S, Brizuela L. Increased phospholipase D activity contributes to tumorigenesis in prostate cancer cell models. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 473:263-279. [PMID: 32661773 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent cancer among men and the first cause of death over 65. Approximately 90% of patients with advanced disease will develop bone metastasis, which dramatically reduces long-term survival. Therefore, effective therapies need to be developed, especially when disease is still well-localized. Phospholipase D (PLD), an enzyme that hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine to yield phosphatidic acid, regulates several cellular functions as proliferation, survival, migration or vesicular trafficking. PLD is implicated in numerous diseases such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, autoimmune disorders or cancer. Indeed, PLD controls different aspects of oncogenesis including tumor progression and resistance to targeted therapies such as radiotherapy. PLD1 and PLD2 are the only isoforms with catalytic activity involved in cancer. Surprisingly, studies deciphering the role of PLD in the pathophysiology of PCa are scarce. Here we describe the correlation between PLD activity and PLD1 and PLD2 expression in PCa bone metastasis-derived cell lines C4-2B and PC-3. Next, by using PLD pharmacological inhibitors and RNA interference strategy, we validate the implication of PLD1 and PLD2 in cell viability, clonogenicity and proliferation of C4-2B and PC-3 cells and in migration capacity of PC-3 cells. Last, we show an increase in PLD activity as well as PLD2 protein expression during controlled starvation of PC-3 cells, concomitant with an augmentation of its migration capacity. Specifically, upregulation of PLD activity appears to be PKC-independent. Taken together, our results indicate that PLD, and in particular PLD2, could be considered as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of PCa-derived bone metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Borel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Cuvillier
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS UMR 5089, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, 31077, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - David Magne
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Leyre Brizuela
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, 69622, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Z, Zhang R, Sun Z, Yao J, Yao P, Chen X, Wang X, Gao M, Wan J, Du Y, Zhao S. Identification of hub genes and small-molecule compounds in medulloblastoma by integrated bioinformatic analyses. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8670. [PMID: 32328342 PMCID: PMC7164431 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common intracranial malignant tumor in children. The genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of MB are relatively unknown. We aimed to identify potential biomarkers and small-molecule drugs for MB. Methods Gene expression profile data sets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Limma package in R. Functional annotation, and cell signaling pathway analysis of DEGs was carried out using DAVID and Kobas. A protein-protein interaction network was generated using STRING. Potential small-molecule drugs were identified using CMap. Result We identified 104 DEGs (29 upregulated; 75 downregulated). Gene ontology analysis showed enrichment in the mitotic cell cycle, cell cycle, spindle, and DNA binding. Cell signaling pathway analysis identified cell cycle, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and phospholipase D signaling pathway as key pathways. SYN1, CNTN2, FAIM2, MT3, and SH3GL2 were the prominent hub genes and their expression level were verified by RT-qPCR. Vorinostat, resveratrol, trichostatin A, pyrvinium, and prochlorperazine were identified as potential drugs for MB. The five hub genes may be targets for diagnosis and treatment of MB, and the small-molecule compounds are promising drugs for effective treatment of MB. Conclusion In this study we obtained five hub genes of MB, SYN1, CNTN2, FAIM2, MT3, and SH3GL2 were confirmed as hub genes. Meanwhile, Vorinostat, resveratrol, trichostatin A, pyrvinium, and prochlorperazine were identified as potential drugs for MB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruotian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenying Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Penglei Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhuang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhao Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiguang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yao Y, Wang X, Li H, Fan J, Qian X, Li H, Xu Y. Phospholipase D as a key modulator of cancer progression. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:911-935. [PMID: 32073216 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipase D (PLD) family has a ubiquitous expression in cells. PLD isoforms (PLDs) and their hydrolysate phosphatidic acid (PA) have been demonstrated to engage in multiple stages of cancer progression. Aberrant expression of PLDs, especially PLD1 and PLD2, has been detected in various cancers. Inhibition or elimination of PLDs activity has been shown to reduce tumour growth and metastasis. PLDs and PA also serve as downstream effectors of various cell-surface receptors, to trigger and regulate propagation of intracellular signals in the process of tumourigenesis and metastasis. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the functions of PLDs and PA in discrete stages of cancer progression, including cancer cell growth, invasion and migration, and angiogenesis, with special emphasis on the tumour-associated signalling pathways mediated by PLDs and PA and the functional importance of PLDs and PA in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfa Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiannan Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingke Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Park SY, Cui Z, Kim B, Park G, Choi YW. Treatment with Gold Nanoparticles Using Cudrania tricuspidata Root Extract Induced Downregulation of MMP-2/-9 and PLD1 and Inhibited the Invasiveness of Human U87 Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041282. [PMID: 32074974 PMCID: PMC7072962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to elucidate the anti-invasive effects of Cudrania tricuspidata root-gold nanoparticles (CTR-GNPs) using glioblastoma cells. We demonstrated the rapid synthesis of CTR-GNPs using UV-vis spectra. The surface morphology, crystallinity, reduction, capsulation, and stabilization of CTR-GNPs were analyzed using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Furthermore, CTR-GNPs displayed excellent photocatalytic activity as shown by the photo-degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B. Cell migration and invasion assays with human glioblastoma cells were performed to investigate the anti-invasive effect of CTR-GNPs on U87 cells that were treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The results show that CTR-GNPs can significantly inhibit both basal and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced migration and invasion ability. Importantly, treatment with CTR-GNPs significantly decreased the levels of metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/-9 and phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and protein but not PLD2, which is involved in the modulation of migration and the invasion of glioblastoma cells. These results present a novel mechanism showing that CTR-GNPs can attenuate the migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells induced by PMA through transcriptional and translational regulation of MMP-2/-9 and PLD1. Taken together, our results suggest that CTR-GNPs might be an excellent therapeutic alternative for wide range of glioblastomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.Y.P.); (Y.-W.C.); Tel.: +82-515103631 (S.Y.P.); +82-553505522 (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Zhengwei Cui
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Myrang 627-706, Korea;
| | - Beomjin Kim
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea;
| | - Geuntae Park
- Department of Nanomaterials Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea;
| | - Young-Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Myrang 627-706, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.Y.P.); (Y.-W.C.); Tel.: +82-515103631 (S.Y.P.); +82-553505522 (Y.-W.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
McDermott MI, Wang Y, Wakelam MJO, Bankaitis VA. Mammalian phospholipase D: Function, and therapeutics. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 78:101018. [PMID: 31830503 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite being discovered over 60 years ago, the precise role of phospholipase D (PLD) is still being elucidated. PLD enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of glycerophospholipids producing phosphatidic acid and the free headgroup. PLD family members are found in organisms ranging from viruses, and bacteria to plants, and mammals. They display a range of substrate specificities, are regulated by a diverse range of molecules, and have been implicated in a broad range of cellular processes including receptor signaling, cytoskeletal regulation and membrane trafficking. Recent technological advances including: the development of PLD knockout mice, isoform-specific antibodies, and specific inhibitors are finally permitting a thorough analysis of the in vivo role of mammalian PLDs. These studies are facilitating increased recognition of PLD's role in disease states including cancers and Alzheimer's disease, offering potential as a target for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I McDermott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America.
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States of America
| | - M J O Wakelam
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - V A Bankaitis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Noble AR, Hogg K, Suman R, Berney DM, Bourgoin S, Maitland NJ, Rumsby MG. Phospholipase D2 in prostate cancer: protein expression changes with Gleason score. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:1016-1026. [PMID: 31673104 PMCID: PMC6964697 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phospholipases D1 and D2 (PLD1/2) are implicated in tumorigenesis through their generation of the signalling lipid phosphatidic acid and its downstream effects. Inhibition of PLD1 blocks prostate cell growth and colony formation. Here a role for PLD2 in prostate cancer (PCa), the major cancer of men in the western world, is examined. METHODS PLD2 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The effects of PLD2 inhibition on PCa cell viability and cell motility were measured using MTS, colony forming and wound-healing assays. RESULTS PLD2 protein is expressed about equally in luminal and basal prostate epithelial cells. In cells from different Gleason-scored PCa tissue PLD2 protein expression is generally higher than in non-tumorigenic cells and increases in PCa tissue scored Gleason 6-8. PLD2 protein is detected in the cytosol and nucleus and had a punctate appearance. In BPH tissue stromal cells as well as basal and luminal cells express PLD2. PLD2 protein co-expresses with chromogranin A in castrate-resistant PCa tissue. PLD2 inhibition reduces PCa cell viability, colony forming ability and directional cell movement. CONCLUSIONS PLD2 expression correlates with increasing Gleason score to GS8. PLD2 inhibition has the potential to reduce PCa progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Noble
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Karen Hogg
- Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Rakesh Suman
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Daniel M Berney
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sylvain Bourgoin
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, local T1-58, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada
| | - Norman J Maitland
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Martin G Rumsby
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dong X, Zhao R, Li Y, Yu Q, Chen X, Hu X, Ma J, Chen X, Huang S, Chen L. Maduramicin inactivation of Akt impairs autophagic flux leading to accumulated autophagosomes-dependent apoptosis in skeletal myoblast cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 114:105573. [PMID: 31325628 PMCID: PMC9175263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been clinically documented that maduramicin (Mad), a polyether ionophore antibiotic widely used in the control of coccidiosis in poultry worldwide, can elicit skeletal muscle degeneration, heart failure, and even death in animals and humans, if improperly used. Here, we show that Mad induced apoptosis dose-dependently, which was associated with impaired autophagic flux in skeletal myoblast (C2C12 and L6) cells. This is supported by the findings that Mad treatment resulted in increase of autophagosomes with a concomitant elevation of LC3-II and p62 in the cells. Also, Mad increased co-localization of mCherry and GFP tandem-tagged LC3 puncta in the cells, suggesting a blockage of autophagic flux. Furthermore, addition of chloroquine (CQ) strengthened the basic and Mad-enhanced LC3-II and p62 levels, autophagosome formation and cell apoptosis, whereas pretreatment with rapamycin alleviated the effects in the cells exposed to Mad. Moreover, we noticed that Mad treatment inactivated Akt dose-dependently. Inhibition of Akt with inhibitor X potentiated Mad-induced decrease in phosphorylated Akt, and increases in LC3-II and p62 levels, autophagosome formation and cell apoptosis, whereas ectopic expression of constitutively active Akt rendered resistance to these events. Collectively, these results indicate that Mad inactivation of Akt impairs autophagic flux leading to accumulated autophagosomes-dependent apoptosis in skeletal myoblast cells. Our findings suggest that manipulation of Akt activity to improve autophagic flux is a promising strategy against Mad-induced myotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qianyun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gomez-Cambronero J. Lack of effective translational regulation of PLD expression and exosome biogenesis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 37:491-507. [PMID: 30091053 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that is difficult to treat since cells lack the three receptors (ES, PR, or HER) that the most effective treatments target. We have used a well-established TNBC cell line (MDA-MB-231) from which we found evidence in support for a phospholipase D (PLD)-mediated tumor growth and metastasis: high levels of expression of PLD, as well as the absence of inhibitory miRs (such as miR-203) and 3'-mRNA PARN deadenylase activity in these cells. Such findings are not present in a luminal B cell line, MCF-7, and we propose a new miR•PARN•PLD node that is not uniform across breast cancer molecular subtypes and as such TNBC could be pharmacologically targeted differentially. We review the participation of PLD and phosphatidic acid (PA), its enzymatic product, as new "players" in breast cancer biology, with the aspects of regulation of the tumor microenvironment, macrophage polarization, regulation of PLD transcripts by specific miRs and deadenylases, and PLD-regulated exosome biogenesis. A new signaling miR•PARN•PLD node could serve as new biomarkers for TNBC abnormal signaling and metastatic disease staging, potentially before metastases are able to be visualized using conventional imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gomez-Cambronero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tanguy E, Wang Q, Moine H, Vitale N. Phosphatidic Acid: From Pleiotropic Functions to Neuronal Pathology. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:2. [PMID: 30728767 PMCID: PMC6351798 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the cellular lipids, phosphatidic acid (PA) is a peculiar one as it is at the same time a key building block of phospholipid synthesis and a major lipid second messenger conveying signaling information. The latter is thought to largely occur through the ability of PA to recruit and/or activate specific proteins in restricted compartments and within those only at defined submembrane areas. Furthermore, with its cone-shaped geometry PA locally changes membrane topology and may thus be a key player in membrane trafficking events, especially in membrane fusion and fission steps, where lipid remodeling is believed to be crucial. These pleiotropic cellular functions of PA, including phospholipid synthesis and homeostasis together with important signaling activity, imply that perturbations of PA metabolism could lead to serious pathological conditions. In this mini-review article, after outlining the main cellular functions of PA, we highlight the different neurological diseases that could, at least in part, be attributed to an alteration in PA synthesis and/or catabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Tanguy
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), UPR-3212 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique & Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Qili Wang
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), UPR-3212 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique & Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Moine
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), UPR-3212 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique & Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Phospholipase D and the Mitogen Phosphatidic Acid in Human Disease: Inhibitors of PLD at the Crossroads of Phospholipid Biology and Cancer. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 259:89-113. [PMID: 31541319 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are key building blocks of biological membranes and are involved in complex signaling processes such as metabolism, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Extracellular signaling by growth factors, stress, and nutrients is transmitted through receptors that activate lipid-modifying enzymes such as the phospholipases, sphingosine kinase, or phosphoinositide 3-kinase, which then modify phospholipids, sphingolipids, and phosphoinositides. One such important enzyme is phospholipase D (PLD), which cleaves phosphatidylcholine to yield phosphatidic acid and choline. PLD isoforms have dual role in cells. The first involves maintaining cell membrane integrity and cell signaling, including cell proliferation, migration, cytoskeletal alterations, and invasion through the PLD product PA, and the second involves protein-protein interactions with a variety of binding partners. Increased evidence of elevated PLD expression and activity linked to many pathological conditions, including cancer, neurological and inflammatory diseases, and infection, has motivated the development of dual- and isoform-specific PLD inhibitors. Many of these inhibitors are reported to be efficacious and safe in cells and mouse disease models, suggesting the potential for PLD inhibitors as therapeutics for cancer and other diseases. Current knowledge and ongoing research of PLD signaling networks will help to evolve inhibitors with increased efficacy and safety for clinical studies.
Collapse
|
24
|
Lu WJ, Chung CL, Chen RJ, Huang LT, Lien LM, Chang CC, Lin KH, Sheu JR. An Antithrombotic Strategy by Targeting Phospholipase D in Human Platelets. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7110440. [PMID: 30441821 PMCID: PMC6262437 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7110440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is involved in many biological processes. PLD1 plays a crucial role in regulating the platelet activity of mice; however, the role of PLD in the platelet activation of humans remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether PLD is involved in the platelet activation of humans. Our data revealed that inhibition of PLD1 or PLD2 using pharmacological inhibitors effectively inhibits platelet aggregation in humans. However, previous studies have showed that PLD1 or PLD2 deletion did not affect mouse platelet aggregation in vitro, whereas only PLD1 deletion inhibited thrombus formation in vivo. Intriguingly, our data also showed that the pharmacological inhibition of PLD1 or PLD2 does not affect mouse platelet aggregation in vitro, whereas the inhibition of only PLD1 delayed thrombus formation in vivo. These findings indicate that PLD may play differential roles in humans and mice. In humans, PLD inhibition attenuates platelet activation, adhesion, spreading, and clot retraction. For the first time, we demonstrated that PLD1 and PLD2 are essential for platelet activation in humans, and PLD plays different roles in platelet function in humans and mice. Our findings also indicate that targeting PLD may provide a safe and alternative therapeutic approach for preventing thromboembolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Jung Lu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chi Li Chung
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Ray Jade Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Li Ting Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Li Ming Lien
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan.
| | - Chao Chien Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan Hung Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
| | - Joen Rong Sheu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Waterson AG, Scott SA, Kett NR, Blobaum AL, Alex Brown H, Lindsley CW. Isoform selective PLD inhibition by novel, chiral 2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3670-3673. [PMID: 30528979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This letter describes the on-going SAR efforts to develop PLD1, PLD2 and dual PLD1/2 inhibitors with improved physiochemical and disposition properties as well as securing intellectual property position. Previous PLD inhibitors, based on a triazaspiro[4.5]decanone core proved to be highly selective PLD2 inhibitors, but with low plasma free fraction (rat, human fu < 0.03), high predicted hepatic clearance (rat CLhep > 65 mL/min/kg) and very short half-lives in vivo (t1/2 < 0.15 h). Removal of a nitrogen atom from this core generated a 2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decanone core, harboring a new chiral center, as well as increased sp3 character. This new core demonstrated enantioselective inhibition of the individual PLD isoforms, enhanced free fraction (rat, human fu < 0.13), engendered moderate predicted hepatic clearance (rat CLhep ∼ 43 mL/min/kg), improved half-lives in vivo (t1/2 > 3 h), and led to the first issued US patent claiming composition of matter for small molecule PLD inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Waterson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University/Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sarah A Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nathan R Kett
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - H Alex Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University/Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University/Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
High Expression of PhospholipaseD2 Induced by Hypoxia Promotes Proliferation of Colon Cancer Cells through Activating NF- κ Bp65 Signaling Pathway. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 26:281-290. [PMID: 30091007 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a typical feature of colon cancer occurrence and progression. We have reported that high expression and activity of PhospholipaseD2 (PLD2) induced by hypoxia in colon cancer cells. In order to further investigate the role of PLD2 in colon cancer under hypoxic conditions. MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of human colon cancer cells (SW480 and SW620) under hypoxic conditions by decrease the PLD2 gene expression or inhibit the activity of PLD2. Expression level of p-P65/T-P65 and Cyclin D1 were detected in those cells treated as above through using western blot and RT-PCR analysis. Effect of NF-Bp65 inhibitor (BAY-117082) on the proliferation and expression level of Cyclin D1 and PLD2 of colon cancer cells under hypoxic conditions were further analysised. As a result, decreased the expression of PLD2 or inhibited the activity of PLD2 leaded to the proliferation of hypoxia colon cancer cells reduced, and along with the expression level of p-P65/T-P65 and Cyclin D1 reduced. However, inhibition the expression level of p-P65/T-P65 lead to the proliferation and expression of Cyclin D1 in those hypoxia colon cancer cells also reduced. In vivo growth decreased in response to PLD2 and NF-Bp65 inhibition. Our study indicates that high expression of PLD2 induced by hypoxia promotes the proliferation of colon cancer cells, and it may elevate the expression level of Cyclin D1 through activating NF-Bp65 signaling pathway. Inhibition of the PLD2 expression may provide a new clue for treatment for colon cancer.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kandori S, Kojima T, Matsuoka T, Yoshino T, Sugiyama A, Nakamura E, Shimazui T, Funakoshi Y, Kanaho Y, Nishiyama H. Phospholipase D2 promotes disease progression of renal cell carcinoma through the induction of angiogenin. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1865-1875. [PMID: 29660846 PMCID: PMC5989877 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the presence of intracellular lipid droplets (LD) and it is assumed that phosphatidic acid (PA) produced by phospholipase D (PLD) plays some role in the LD formation. However, little is known about the significance of PLD in ccRCC. In this study, we examined the expression levels of PLD in ccRCC. The classical mammalian isoforms of PLD are PLD1 and PLD2, and the levels of both mRNA were higher at the primary tumor sites than in normal kidney tissues. Similarly, both PLD were significantly abundant in tumor cells as determined by analysis using immunohistochemical staining. Importantly, a higher level of PLD was significantly associated with a higher tumor stage and grade. Because PLD2 knockdown effectively suppressed the cell proliferation and invasion of ccRCC as compared with PLD1 in vitro, we examined the effect of PLD2 in vivo. Notably, shRNA-mediated knockdown of PLD2 suppressed the growth and invasion of tumors in nude mouse xenograft models. Moreover, the higher expression of PLD2 was significantly associated with poorer prognosis in 67 patients. As for genes relating to the tumor invasion of PLD2, we found that angiogenin (ANG) was positively regulated by PLD2. In fact, the expression levels of ANG were elevated in tumor tissues as compared with normal kidney and the inhibition of ANG activity with a neutralizing antibody significantly suppressed tumor invasion. Overall, we revealed for the first time that PLD2-produced PA promoted cell invasion through the expression of ANG in ccRCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Kandori
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of UrologyUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Takahiro Kojima
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of UrologyUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Taeko Matsuoka
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of UrologyUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of UrologyUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Aiko Sugiyama
- DSK ProjectMedical Innovation CenterKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Eijiro Nakamura
- DSK ProjectMedical Innovation CenterKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Toru Shimazui
- Department of UrologyIbaraki Prefectural Central HospitalKasamaJapan
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of UrologyIbaraki Clinical Education and Training CenterUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Yuji Funakoshi
- Department of Physiological ChemistryFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Yasunori Kanaho
- Department of Physiological ChemistryFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishiyama
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of UrologyUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chi KH, Wang YS, Huang YC, Chiang HC, Chi MS, Chi CH, Wang HE, Kao SJ. Simultaneous activation and inhibition of autophagy sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58075-58088. [PMID: 27486756 PMCID: PMC5295413 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While combined chemotherapy (CT) with an autophagy inducer and an autophagy inhibitor appears paradoxical, it may provide a more effective perturbation of autophagy pathways. We used two dissimilar cell lines to test the hypothesis that autophagy is the common denominator of cell fate after CT. HA22T cells are characterized by CT-induced apoptosis and use autophagy to prevent cell death, while Huh7.5.1 cells exhibit sustained autophagic morphology after CT. Combined CT and rapamycin treatment resulted in a better combination index (CI) in Huh7.5.1 cells than combined CT and chloroquine, while the reverse was true in HA22T cells. The combination of 3 drugs (triplet drug treatment) had the best CI. After triplet drug treatment, HA22T cells switched from protective autophagy to mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and endoplasmic reticulum stress response-induced apoptosis, while Huh7.5.1 cells intensified autophagic lethality. Most importantly, both cell lines showed activation of Akt after CT, while the triplet combination blocked Akt activation through inhibition of phospholipid lipase D activity. This novel finding warrants further investigation as a broad chemosensitization strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Hwa Chi
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Wang
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Research and Development, JohnPro Biotech Inc., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Huang
- Department of Research and Development, JohnPro Biotech Inc., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chien Chiang
- Department of Research and Development, JohnPro Biotech Inc., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mau-Shin Chi
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Hwa Chi
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ell Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jyh Kao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cho JH, Han JS. Phospholipase D and Its Essential Role in Cancer. Mol Cells 2017; 40:805-813. [PMID: 29145720 PMCID: PMC5712509 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of phospholipase D (PLD) in cancer development and management has been a major area of interest for researchers. The purpose of this mini-review is to explore PLD and its distinct role during chemotherapy including anti-apoptotic function. PLD is an enzyme that belongs to the phospholipase super family and is found in a broad range of organisms such as viruses, yeast, bacteria, animals, and plants. The function and activity of PLD are widely dependent on and regulated by neurotransmitters, hormones, small monomeric GTPases, and lipids. A growing body of research has shown that PLD activity is significantly increased in cancer tissues and cells, indicating that it plays a critical role in signal transduction, cell proliferation, and anti-apoptotic processes. In addition, recent studies show that PLD is a downstream transcriptional target of proteins that contribute to inflammation and carcinogenesis such as Sp1, NFκB, TCF4, ATF-2, NFATc2, and EWS-Fli. Thus, compounds that inhibit expression or activity of PLD in cells can be potentially useful in reducing inflammation and sensitizing resistant cancers during chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Cho
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 4321,
USA
| | - Joong-Soo Han
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mahajan-Thakur S, Bien-Möller S, Marx S, Schroeder H, Rauch BH. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling in glioblastoma multiforme-A systematic review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2448. [PMID: 29149079 PMCID: PMC5713415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid signaling molecule and central regulator in the development of several cancer types. In recent years, intriguing information has become available regarding the role of S1P in the progression of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive and common brain tumor in adults. S1P modulates numerous cellular processes in GBM, such as oncogenesis, proliferation and survival, invasion, migration, metastasis and stem cell behavior. These processes are regulated via a family of five G-protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PR1-5) and may involve mainly unknown intracellular targets. Distinct expression patterns and multiple intracellular signaling pathways of each S1PR subtype enable S1P to exert its pleiotropic cellular actions. Several studies have demonstrated alterations in S1P levels, the involvement of S1PRs and S1P metabolizing enzymes in GBM pathophysiology. While the tumorigenic actions of S1P involve the activation of several kinases and transcription factors, the specific G-protein (Gi, Gq, and G12/13)-coupled signaling pathways and downstream mediated effects in GBM remain to be elucidated in detail. This review summarizes the recent findings concerning the role of S1P and its receptors in GBM. We further highlight the current insights into the signaling pathways considered fundamental for regulating the cellular processes in GMB and ultimately patient prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Bien-Möller
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Sascha Marx
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Henry Schroeder
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Bernhard H Rauch
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Roth E, Frohman MA. Proliferative and metastatic roles for Phospholipase D in mouse models of cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 67:134-140. [PMID: 29154090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) activity has been proposed to facilitate multiple steps in cancer progression including growth, metabolism, angiogenesis, and mobility. The canonical enzymes PLD1 and PLD2 enact their diverse effects through hydrolyzing the membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine to generate the second messenger and signaling lipid phosphatidic acid (PA). However, the widespread expression of PLD1 and PLD2 in normal tissues and the additional distinct enzymatic mechanisms through which PA can be generated have produced uncertainty regarding the optimal settings in which PLD inhibition might ameliorate cancer. Recent studies in mouse model systems have demonstrated that inhibition or elimination of PLD activity reduces tumor growth and metastasis. One mechanism proposed for this outcome involves proliferative signaling mediated by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), which is attenuated when downstream PLD signal propagation is suppressed. The reduced proliferative signaling has been reported to be compounded by dysfunctional energetic metabolism in the tumor cells under conditions of nutrient deprivation. Moreover, cancer cells lacking PLD activity display inefficiencies across multiple steps of the metastatic cascade, limiting the tumor's lethal spread. Using PLD isoform knockout mice, recent studies have reported on the net effects of inhibition and ablation in multiple cancer models through examining the role of PLD in the non-tumor cells comprising the stroma and microenvironment. The promising results of such in vivo studies, combined with the apparent low toxicity of highly-specific and potent inhibitors, highlights PLD as an attractive target for therapeutic inhibition in cancer. We discuss here the array of anti-tumor effects produced by PLD inhibition and ablation in cancer models with a focus on animal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Roth
- The Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, The Medical Scientist Training Program, and the Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, New York, 11794, USA.
| | - Michael A Frohman
- The Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, The Medical Scientist Training Program, and the Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, New York, 11794, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Membrane-binding and activation of LKB1 by phosphatidic acid is essential for development and tumour suppression. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28649994 PMCID: PMC5490199 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase LKB1 regulates various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, energy homeostasis and cell polarity and is frequently downregulated in various tumours. Many downstream pathways controlled by LKB1 have been described but little is known about the upstream regulatory mechanisms. Here we show that targeting of the kinase to the membrane by a direct binding of LKB1 to phosphatidic acid is essential to fully activate its kinase activity. Consequently, LKB1 mutants that are deficient for membrane binding fail to activate the downstream target AMPK to control mTOR signalling. Furthermore, the in vivo function of LKB1 during development of Drosophila depends on its capacity to associate with membranes. Strikingly, we find LKB1 to be downregulated in malignant melanoma, which exhibit aberrant activation of Akt and overexpress phosphatidic acid generating Phospholipase D. These results provide evidence for a fundamental mechanism of LKB1 activation and its implication in vivo and during carcinogenesis. LKB1 regulates various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, energy homeostasis and cell polarity and is frequently downregulated in various tumours. Here the authors show that LKB1 activation requires direct binding to phospholipids and show this has an implication for carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
33
|
Cacas JL, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Fromentin J, Cantrel C, Thomas D, Jeannette E, Kalachova T, Mongrand S, Simon-Plas F, Ruelland E. Diacylglycerol kinases activate tobacco NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidative burst in response to cryptogein. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:585-598. [PMID: 27272019 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cryptogein is a 10 kDa protein secreted by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea that activates defence mechanisms in tobacco plants. Among early signalling events triggered by this microbial-associated molecular pattern is a transient apoplastic oxidative burst which is dependent on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity of the RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG isoform D (RBOHD). Using radioactive [33 P]-orthophosphate labelling of tobacco Bright Yellow-2 suspension cells, we here provide in vivo evidence for a rapid accumulation of phosphatidic acid (PA) in response to cryptogein because of the coordinated onset of phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipase C and diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) activities. Both enzyme specific inhibitors and silencing of the phylogenetic cluster III of the tobacco DGK family were found to reduce PA production upon elicitation and to strongly decrease the RBOHD-mediated oxidative burst. Therefore, it appears that PA originating from DGK controls NADPH-oxidase activity. Amongst cluster III DGKs, the expression of DGK5-like was up-regulated in response to cryptogein. Besides DGK5-like is likely to be the main cluster III DGK isoform silenced in one of our mutant lines, making it a strong candidate for the observed response to cryptogein. The relevance of these results is discussed with regard to early signalling lipid-mediated events in plant immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Cacas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Fromentin
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Cantrel
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jeannette
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Tetiana Kalachova
- UPE, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
- CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- CNRS, UMR 5200 Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP81, F-33883, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Ruelland
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
- UPE, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
- CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) enzymes are one source of receptor-generated phosphatidic acid (PtdOH),which may subsequently be metabolized to diacylglycerol (DAG) and lysophosphatidic acid. There are other pathways that lead to PtdOH generation, but differences in pathways and in the acyl composition of the products seem to provide some specificity. Both direct and indirect inhibitors of PLD activity have been identified despite a long-held suspicion that this pathway was undruggable. The identification of raloxifene and halopemide as direct inhibitors was followed by the systematic development of isoenzyme-preferring compounds that have been used to further differentiate the functions of PLD1 and PLD2. PLD2 in host cells has been associated with viral entry processes and innate immune response pathways such that inhibition blocks efficient infection. This PLD2 pathway has been linked to autophagy via AKT kinases. As a potential target in antiretroviral therapy, PLD1 works through the CAD enzyme (which contains carbamoyl aspartate synthase, aspartate transcarbamylase and dihydro-orotase domains) to modulate pyrimidine biosynthesis. PLD activity and expression have been shown to be upregulated in several types of human cancers, in which PLD enzymes function downstream of a variety of known oncogenes. Inhibition of PtdOH production has a marked effect on tumorigenesis and malignant invasion. PLD1, PLD2 and PLD3 have each been suggested to have a role in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative conditions, but a mechanism has not yet emerged to explain the roles of these proteins in central nervous system pathophysiology.
Lipid second messengers such as phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) have a role in a wide range of pathological processes, and phospholipase D (PLD) enzymes are one of the major sources of signal-activated PtdOH generation. In this Review, Brown, Thomas and Lindsley discuss the development of PLD inhibitors, with a focus on isoform-specific inhibitors, and their potential applications in the treatment of cancer, neurodegeneration and infection. Lipid second messengers have essential roles in cellular function and contribute to the molecular mechanisms that underlie inflammation, malignant transformation, invasiveness, neurodegenerative disorders, and infectious and other pathophysiological processes. The phospholipase D (PLD) isoenzymes PLD1 and PLD2 are one of the major sources of signal-activated phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) generation downstream of a variety of cell-surface receptors, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and integrins. Recent advances in the development of isoenzyme-selective PLD inhibitors and in molecular genetics have suggested that PLD isoenzymes in mammalian cells and pathogenic organisms may be valuable targets for the treatment of several human diseases. Isoenzyme-selective inhibitors have revealed complex inter-relationships between PtdOH biosynthetic pathways and the role of PtdOH in pathophysiology. PLD enzymes were once thought to be undruggable owing to the ubiquitous nature of PtdOH in cell signalling and concerns that inhibitors would be too toxic for use in humans. However, recent promising discoveries suggest that small-molecule isoenzyme-selective inhibitors may provide novel compounds for a unique approach to the treatment of cancers, neurodegenerative disorders and other afflictions of the central nervous system, and potentially serve as broad-spectrum antiviral and antimicrobial therapeutics.
Collapse
|
35
|
Cai M, He J, Xiong J, Tay LWR, Wang Z, Rog C, Wang J, Xie Y, Wang G, Banno Y, Li F, Zhu M, Du G. Phospholipase D1-regulated autophagy supplies free fatty acids to counter nutrient stress in cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2448. [PMID: 27809301 PMCID: PMC5260880 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells utilize flexible metabolic programs to maintain viability and proliferation under stress conditions including nutrient deprivation. Here we report that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) participates in the regulation of metabolic plasticity in cancer cells. PLD1 activity is required for cancer cell survival during prolonged glucose deprivation. Blocking PLD1 sensitizes cancer cells to glycolysis inhibition by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and results in decreased autophagic flux, enlarged lysosomes, and increased lysosomal pH. Mechanistically, PLD1-regulated autophagy hydrolyzes bulk membrane phospholipids to supply fatty acids (FAs) for oxidation in mitochondria. In low glucose cultures, the blockade of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by PLD1 inhibition suppresses adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cancer cell death. In summary, our findings reveal a novel role of PLD1 in sustaining cancer cell survival during metabolic stress, and suggest PLD1 as a potential target for anticancer metabolism therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jingquan He
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Wei Rachel Tay
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ziqing Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Colin Rog
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jingshu Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yizhao Xie
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yoshiko Banno
- Department of Dermatology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Therapeutic inhibition of phospholipase D1 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1125-36. [PMID: 27129182 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a leading cause of deaths worldwide. Novel therapeutic targets for HCC are needed. Phospholipase D (PD) is involved in cell proliferation and migration, but its role in HCC remains unclear. In the present study, we show that PLD1, but not PLD2, was overexpressed in HCC cell lines (HepG2, Bel-7402 and Bel-7404) compared with the normal human L-02 hepatocytes. PLD1 was required for the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells without affecting apoptosis and necrosis, and PLD1 overexpression was sufficient to promote those effects. By using HCC xenograft models, we demonstrated that therapeutic inhibition of PLD1 attenuated tumour growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC mice. Moreover, PLD1 was found to be highly expressed in tumour tissues of HCC patients. Finally, mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) and Akt (protein kinase B) were identified as critical pathways responsible for the role of PLD1 in HCC cells. Taken together, the present study indicates that PLD1 activation contributes to HCC development via regulation of the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells, as well as promoting the EMT process. These observations suggest that inhibition of PLD1 represents an attractive and novel therapeutic modality for HCC.
Collapse
|
37
|
Bruntz RC, Lindsley CW, Brown HA. Phospholipase D signaling pathways and phosphatidic acid as therapeutic targets in cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:1033-79. [PMID: 25244928 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D is a ubiquitous class of enzymes that generates phosphatidic acid as an intracellular signaling species. The phospholipase D superfamily plays a central role in a variety of functions in prokaryotes, viruses, yeast, fungi, plants, and eukaryotic species. In mammalian cells, the pathways modulating catalytic activity involve a variety of cellular signaling components, including G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, polyphosphatidylinositol lipids, Ras/Rho/ADP-ribosylation factor GTPases, and conventional isoforms of protein kinase C, among others. Recent findings have shown that phosphatidic acid generated by phospholipase D plays roles in numerous essential cellular functions, such as vesicular trafficking, exocytosis, autophagy, regulation of cellular metabolism, and tumorigenesis. Many of these cellular events are modulated by the actions of phosphatidic acid, and identification of two targets (mammalian target of rapamycin and Akt kinase) has especially highlighted a role for phospholipase D in the regulation of cellular metabolism. Phospholipase D is a regulator of intercellular signaling and metabolic pathways, particularly in cells that are under stress conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the regulation of phospholipase D activity and its modulation of cellular signaling pathways and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Bruntz
- Department of Pharmacology (R.C.B., C.W.L., H.A.B.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (C.W.L., H.A.B.); Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry for Accelerated Probe Development (C.W.L.); and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (H.A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology (R.C.B., C.W.L., H.A.B.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (C.W.L., H.A.B.); Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry for Accelerated Probe Development (C.W.L.); and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (H.A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - H Alex Brown
- Department of Pharmacology (R.C.B., C.W.L., H.A.B.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (C.W.L., H.A.B.); Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry for Accelerated Probe Development (C.W.L.); and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (H.A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Role of phospholipases D1 and 2 in astroglial proliferation: effects of specific inhibitors and genetic deletion. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 761:398-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
39
|
Mathews TP, Hill S, Rose KL, Ivanova PT, Lindsley CW, Brown HA. Human phospholipase D activity transiently regulates pyrimidine biosynthesis in malignant gliomas. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1258-68. [PMID: 25646564 DOI: 10.1021/cb500772c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells reorganize their metabolic pathways to fuel demanding rates of proliferation. Oftentimes, these metabolic phenotypes lie downstream of prominent oncogenes. The lipid signaling molecule phosphatidic acid (PtdOH), which is produced by the hydrolytic enzyme phospholipase D (PLD), has been identified as a critical regulatory molecule for oncogenic signaling in many cancers. In an effort to identify novel regulatory mechanisms for PtdOH, we screened various cancer cell lines, assessing whether treatment of cancer models with PLD inhibitors altered production of intracellular metabolites. Preliminary findings lead us to focus on how deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are altered upon PLD inhibitor treatment in gliomas. Using a combination of proteomics and small molecule intracellular metabolomics, we show herein that PtdOH acutely regulates the production of these pyrimidine metabolites through activation of CAD via mTOR signaling pathways independently of Akt. These changes are responsible for decreases in dNTP production after PLD inhibitor treatment. Our data identify a novel regulatory role for PLD activity in specific cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Mathews
- Department of Pharmacology
and The Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, ‡The Vanderbilt Center
for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, §Department of Chemistry, ∥The Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, ⊥The Vanderbilt Mass Spectrometry Research Center, and #Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Salisha Hill
- Department of Pharmacology
and The Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, ‡The Vanderbilt Center
for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, §Department of Chemistry, ∥The Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, ⊥The Vanderbilt Mass Spectrometry Research Center, and #Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kristie L. Rose
- Department of Pharmacology
and The Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, ‡The Vanderbilt Center
for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, §Department of Chemistry, ∥The Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, ⊥The Vanderbilt Mass Spectrometry Research Center, and #Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Pavlina T. Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology
and The Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, ‡The Vanderbilt Center
for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, §Department of Chemistry, ∥The Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, ⊥The Vanderbilt Mass Spectrometry Research Center, and #Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology
and The Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, ‡The Vanderbilt Center
for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, §Department of Chemistry, ∥The Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, ⊥The Vanderbilt Mass Spectrometry Research Center, and #Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - H. Alex Brown
- Department of Pharmacology
and The Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, ‡The Vanderbilt Center
for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, §Department of Chemistry, ∥The Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, ⊥The Vanderbilt Mass Spectrometry Research Center, and #Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Harishchandra RK, Neumann BM, Gericke A, Ross AH. Biophysical methods for the characterization of PTEN/lipid bilayer interactions. Methods 2015; 77-78:125-35. [PMID: 25697761 PMCID: PMC4388815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN, a tumor suppressor protein that dephosphorylates phosphoinositides at the 3-position of the inositol ring, is a cytosolic protein that needs to associate with the plasma membrane or other subcellular membranes to exert its lipid phosphatase function. Upon membrane association PTEN interacts with at least three different lipid entities: An anionic lipid that is present in sufficiently high concentration to create a negative potential that allows PTEN to interact electrostatically with the membrane, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, which interacts with PTEN's N-terminal end and the substrate, usually phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate. Many parameters influence PTEN's interaction with the lipid bilayer, for example, the lateral organization of the lipids or the presence of other chemical species like cholesterol or other lipids. To investigate systematically the different steps of PTEN's complex binding mechanism and to explore its dynamic behavior in the membrane bound state, in vitro methods need to be employed that allow for a systematic variation of the experimental conditions. In this review we survey a variety of methods that can be used to assess PTEN lipid binding affinity, the dynamics of its membrane association as well as its dynamic behavior in the membrane bound state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Harishchandra
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Brittany M Neumann
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Arne Gericke
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Alonzo H Ross
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nelson RK, Frohman MA. Physiological and pathophysiological roles for phospholipase D. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2229-37. [PMID: 25926691 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r059220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual members of the mammalian phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily undertake roles that extend from generating the second messenger signaling lipid, phosphatidic acid, through hydrolysis of the membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine, to functioning as an endonuclease to generate small RNAs and facilitating membrane vesicle trafficking through seemingly nonenzymatic mechanisms. With recent advances in genome-wide association studies, RNA interference screens, next-generation sequencing approaches, and phenotypic analyses of knockout mice, roles for PLD family members are being uncovered in autoimmune, infectious neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular disease, as well as in cancer. Some of these disease settings pose opportunities for small molecule inhibitory therapeutics, which are currently in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle K Nelson
- Graduate Program in Physiology and Biophysics Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Michael A Frohman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gilder AS, Jones KA, Hu J, Wang L, Chen CC, Carter BS, Gonias SL. Soluble Urokinase Receptor Is Released Selectively by Glioblastoma Cells That Express Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Variant III and Promotes Tumor Cell Migration and Invasion. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14798-809. [PMID: 25837250 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.637488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic heterogeneity is characteristic of glioblastoma (GBM). In many GBMs, the EGF receptor gene (EGFR) is amplified and may be truncated to generate a constitutively active form of the receptor called EGFRvIII. EGFR gene amplification and EGFRvIII are associated with GBM progression, even when only a small fraction of the tumor cells express EGFRvIII. In this study, we show that EGFRvIII-positive GBM cells express significantly increased levels of cellular urokinase receptor (uPAR) and release increased amounts of soluble uPAR (suPAR). When mice were xenografted with human EGFRvIII-expressing GBM cells, tumor-derived suPAR was detected in the plasma, and the level was significantly increased compared with that detected in plasma samples from control mice xenografted with EGFRvIII-negative GBM cells. suPAR also was increased in plasma from patients with EGFRvIII-positive GBMs. Purified suPAR was biologically active when added to cultures of EGFRvIII-negative GBM cells, activating cell signaling and promoting cell migration and invasion. suPAR did not significantly stimulate cell signaling or migration of EGFRvIII-positive cells, probably because cell signaling was already substantially activated in these cells. The activities of suPAR were replicated by conditioned medium (CM) from EGFRvIII-positive GBM cells. When the CM was preincubated with uPAR-neutralizing antibody or when uPAR gene expression was silenced in cells used to prepare CM, the activity of the CM was significantly attenuated. These results suggest that suPAR may function as an important paracrine signaling factor in EGFRvIII-positive GBMs, inducing an aggressive phenotype in tumor cells that are EGFRvIII-negative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Wang
- From the Departments of Pathology and
| | - Clark C Chen
- Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Bob S Carter
- Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Spencer C, Brown HA. Biochemical characterization of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa phospholipase D. Biochemistry 2015; 54:1208-18. [PMID: 25565226 PMCID: PMC4337821 DOI: 10.1021/bi501291t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D is a ubiquitous protein in eukaryotes that hydrolyzes phospholipids to generate the signaling lipid phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). PldA, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa PLD, is a secreted protein that targets bacterial and eukaryotic cells. Here we have characterized the in vitro factors that modulate enzymatic activity of PldA, including divalent cations and phosphoinositides. We have identified several similarities between the eukaryotic-like PldA and the human PLD isoforms, as well as several properties in which the enzymes diverge. Notable differences include the substrate preference and transphosphatidylation efficiency for PldA. These findings offer new insights into potential regulatory mechanisms of PldA and its role in pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cierra Spencer
- Department of Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - H. Alex Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Frohman MA. The phospholipase D superfamily as therapeutic targets. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:137-44. [PMID: 25661257 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The phospholipase D (PLD) lipid-signaling enzyme superfamily has long been studied for its roles in cell communication and a wide range of cell biological processes. With the advent of loss-of-function genetic mouse models that have revealed that PLD1 and PLD2 ablation is overtly tolerable, small-molecule PLD1/2 inhibitors that do not cause unacceptable clinical toxicity, a PLD2 polymorphism that has been linked to altered physiology, and growing delineation of processes that are subtly altered in mice lacking PLD1/2 activity, the stage is being set for assessment of PLD1/2 inhibition for therapeutic purposes. Based on findings to date, PLD1/2 inhibition may be of more utility in acute rather than chronic settings, although this generalization will depend on the specific risks and benefits in each disease setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Frohman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and the Center for Developmental Genetics, 438 Centers for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5140, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jung JH, Lee MY, Choi DY, Lee JW, You S, Lee KY, Kim J, Kim KP. Phospholipids of tumor extracellular vesicles stratify gefitinib-resistant nonsmall cell lung cancer cells from gefitinib-sensitive cells. Proteomics 2015; 15:824-35. [PMID: 25404199 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as gefitinib are one of gold standard treatment options for nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, which eventually fail due to the acquired resistance and relapse because of the development of secondary activating mutations such as T790M in EGFR. Predicting chemo-responsiveness of cancer patients provides a major challenge in chemotherapy. The goal of the present study is to determine whether phospholipid signatures of tumor extracellular vesicles (EV) are associated with gefitinib-resistance of NSCLC. A sophisticated MS-based shotgun lipidomic assays were performed for in-depth analysis of the lipidomes of gefitinib-resistant (PC9R) and responsive (PC9) NSCLC cells and their shed EV from these cell lines (PC9EV or PC9REV). Lipid MALDI-MS analysis showed that EV phospholipid composition was significantly distinct in PC9R, compared to PC9 cells. Following statistical analyses has identified 35 (20 positive and 15 negative ion mode) differentially regulated lipids, which are significantly over- or underexpressed in PC9R EV, compared to PC9 EV (p value < 0.01, fold change > 1.5). Our phospholipid signatures suggest that EV associates with drug sensitivity, which is worthy of additional investigation to assess chemoresistance in patients with NSCLC treated with anti-EGFR TKIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hun Jung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Olanzapine inhibits proliferation, migration and anchorage-independent growth in human glioblastoma cell lines and enhances temozolomide's antiproliferative effect. J Neurooncol 2014; 122:21-33. [PMID: 25524815 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The poor prognosis of patients with glioblastoma fuels the search for more effective therapeutic compounds. We previously hypothesised that the neuroleptic olanzapine may enhance antineoplastic effects of temozolomide the standard chemotherapeutic agent used in this disease. This study tested this hypothesis. The anti-proliferative effect of olanzapine was examined by MTT assays and cell count analysis. Soft-agar assays were performed to examine colony-forming ability. In addition, the inhibitory effect of olanzapine on the migratory capacity of U87MG and A172 cells was analyzed by Transwell(®) assays. Moreover, staining for annexin V/propidium iodide or carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester was performed prior to flow cytometric analysis in order to better understand the subjacent cellular mechanism. Our initial hypothesis that olanzapine may enhance temozolomide's anti-tumor activity could be confirmed in U87MG and A172 glioblastoma cell lines. Moreover, treatment with olanzapine alone resulted in a marked anti-proliferative effect on U87MG, A172 and two glioma stem-like cells with IC50 values ranging from 25 to 79.9 µM. In U87MG cells, anchorage-independent growth was dose-dependently inhibited. In A172 cells, migration was also shown to be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, olanzapine was shown to exert a cell line-dependent pleomorphism with respect to the induction of apoptosis, necrosis and/or cytostasis. Our data show that the neuroleptic olanzapine enhances the anti-tumor activity of temozolomide against glioblastoma cell lines. Moreover, this is the first study to show that olanzapine provides on its own anti-cancer activity in glioblastoma and thus may have potential for repurposing.
Collapse
|
47
|
Inhibition of phospholipase D2 induces autophagy in colorectal cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e124. [PMID: 25475140 PMCID: PMC4274395 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved lysosomal self-digestion process used for the breakdown of long-lived proteins and damaged organelles, and it is associated with a number of pathological processes, including cancer. Phospholipase D (PLD) isozymes are dysregulated in various cancers. Recently, we reported that PLD1 is a new regulator of autophagy and is a potential target for cancer therapy. Here, we investigated whether PLD2 is involved in the regulation of autophagy. A PLD2-specific inhibitor and siRNA directed against PLD2 were used to treat HT29 and HCT116 colorectal cancer cells, and both inhibition and genetic knockdown of PLD2 in these cells significantly induced autophagy, as demonstrated by the visualization of light chain 3 (LC3) puncta and autophagic vacuoles as well as by determining the LC3-II protein level. Furthermore, PLD2 inhibition promoted autophagic flux via the canonical Atg5-, Atg7- and AMPK-Ulk1-mediated pathways. Taken together, these results suggest that PLD2 might have a role in autophagy and that its inhibition might provide a new therapeutic basis for targeting autophagy.
Collapse
|
48
|
O'Reilly MC, Scott SA, Brown HA, Lindsley CW. Further evaluation of novel structural modifications to scaffolds that engender PLD isoform selective inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5553-5557. [PMID: 25466173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This Letter describes the on-going SAR efforts based on two scaffolds, a PLD1-biased piperidinyl benzimidazolone and a PLD2-biased piperidinyl triazaspirone, with the goal of enhancing PLD inhibitory potency and isoform selectivity. Here, we found that addition of an α-methyl moiety within the PLD2-biased piperidinyl triazaspirone scaffold abolished PLD2 preference, while the incorporation of substituents onto the piperidine moiety of the PLD1-biased piperidinyl benzimidazolone, or replacement with a bioisosteric [3.3.0] core, generally retained PLD1 preference, but at diminished significance. The SAR uncovered within these two allosteric PLD inhibitor series further highlights the inherent challenges of developing isoform selective PLD inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C O'Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sarah A Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - H Alex Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University/ Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lindsley CW. 2013 Philip S. Portoghese Medicinal Chemistry Lectureship: drug discovery targeting allosteric sites. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7485-98. [PMID: 25180768 PMCID: PMC4174999 DOI: 10.1021/jm5011786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The identification of sites on receptors topographically distinct from the orthosteric sites, so-called allosteric sites, has heralded novel approaches and modes of pharmacology for target modulation. Over the past 20 years, our understanding of allosteric modulation has grown significantly, and numerous advantages, as well as caveats (e.g., flat structure-activity relationships, species differences, "molecular switches"), have been identified. For multiple receptors and proteins, numerous examples have been described where unprecedented levels of selectivity are achieved along with improved physiochemical properties. While not a panacea, these novel approaches represent exciting opportunities for tool compound development to probe the pharmacology and therapeutic potential of discrete molecular targets, as well as new medicines. In this Perspective, in commemoration of the 2013 Philip S. Portoghese Medicinal Chemistry Lectureship ( Lindsley , C. W. Adventures in allosteric drug discovery . Presented at the 246th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Indianapolis, IN, September 10, 2013 ; The 2013 Portoghese Lectureship ), several vignettes of drug discovery campaigns targeting novel allosteric mechanisms will be recounted, along with lessons learned and guidelines that have emerged for successful lead optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig W. Lindsley
- Departments of Pharmacology
and Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery,
Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center (MLPCN), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sims KH, Tytler EM, Tipton J, Hill KL, Burgess SW, Shaw WA. Avanti lipid tools: connecting lipids, technology, and cell biology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:1038-48. [PMID: 24954118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid research is challenging owing to the complexity and diversity of the lipidome. Here we review a set of experimental tools developed for the seasoned lipid researcher, as well as, those who are new to the field of lipid research. Novel tools for probing protein-lipid interactions, applications for lipid binding antibodies, enhanced systems for the cellular delivery of lipids, improved visualization of lipid membranes using gold-labeled lipids, and advances in mass spectrometric analysis techniques will be discussed. Because lipid mediators are known to participate in a host of signal transduction and trafficking pathways within the cell, a comprehensive lipid toolbox that aids the science of lipidomics research is essential to better understand the molecular mechanisms of interactions between cellular components. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Tools to study lipid functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kacee H Sims
- Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., 700 Industrial Park Drive, Alabaster, Al 35007, USA.
| | - Ewan M Tytler
- Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., 700 Industrial Park Drive, Alabaster, Al 35007, USA.
| | - John Tipton
- Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., 700 Industrial Park Drive, Alabaster, Al 35007, USA.
| | - Kasey L Hill
- Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., 700 Industrial Park Drive, Alabaster, Al 35007, USA.
| | - Stephen W Burgess
- Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., 700 Industrial Park Drive, Alabaster, Al 35007, USA.
| | - Walter A Shaw
- Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., 700 Industrial Park Drive, Alabaster, Al 35007, USA.
| |
Collapse
|