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Sun X, Moreno S, Yegambaram M, Lu Q, Pokharel MD, Boehme JT, Datar SA, Aggarwal S, Wang T, Fineman JR, Black SM. THE MITOCHONDRIAL REDISTRIBUTION OF ENOS IS REGULATED BY AKT1 AND DIMER STATUS. Nitric Oxide 2024:S1089-8603(24)00119-8. [PMID: 39332480 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) dimer levels directly correlate with the interaction of eNOS with hsp90 (heat shock protein 90). Further, the disruption of eNOS dimerization correlates with its redistribution to the mitochondria. However, the causal link between these events has yet to be investigated and was the focus of this study. Our data demonstrates that simvastatin, which decreases the mitochondrial redistribution of eNOS, increased eNOS-hsp90 interactions and enhanced eNOS dimerization in cultured pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC) from a lamb model of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Our data also show that the dimerization of a monomeric fraction of human recombinant eNOS was stimulated in the presence of hsp90 and ATP. The over-expression of a dominant negative mutant of hsp90 (DNHsp90) decreased eNOS dimer levels and enhanced its mitochondrial redistribution. We also found that the peroxynitrite donor3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) increased the mitochondrial redistribution of eNOS in PAEC and this was again associated with decreased eNOS dimer levels. Our data also show in COS-7 cells, the SIN-1 mediated mitochondrial redistribution of wildtype eNOS (WT-eNOS) is significantly higher than a dimer stable eNOS mutant protein (C94R/C99R-eNOS). Conversely, the mitochondrial redistribution of a monomeric eNOS mutant protein (C96A-eNOS) was enhanced. Finally, we linked the SIN-1-mediated mitochondrial redistribution of eNOS to the Akt1-mediated phosphorylation of eNOS at Serine(S)617 and showed that the accessibility of this residue to phosphorylation is regulated by dimerization status. Thus, our data reveal a novel mechanism of pulmonary endothelial dysfunction mediated by mitochondrial redistribution of eNOS, regulated by dimerization status and the phosphorylation of S617.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutong Sun
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987; Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987; Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174
| | - Manivannan Yegambaram
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987; Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174
| | - Qing Lu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987; Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174
| | - Marissa D Pokharel
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174
| | - Jason T Boehme
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Sanjeev A Datar
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987; Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143; the Department of Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987; Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174.
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Yin X, Ni G, Zhang X, Fu S, Li H, Gao Z. Tyrosine nitration of glucagon impairs its function: Extending the role of heme in T2D pathogenesis. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 255:112519. [PMID: 38507994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
New studies raise the possibility that the higher glucagon (GCG) level present in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a compensatory mechanism to enhance β-cell function, rather than induce dysregulated glucose homeostasis, due to an important role for GCG that acts directly within the pancreas on insulin secretion by intra-islet GCG signaling. However, in states of poorly controlled T2D, pancreatic α cell mass increases (overproduced GCG) in response to insufficient insulin secretion, indicating decreased local GCG activity. The reason for this decrease is not clear. Recent evidence has uncovered a new role of heme in cellular signal transduction, and its mechanism involves reversible binding of heme to proteins. Considering that protein tyrosine nitration in diabetic islets increases and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) decreases, we speculated that heme modulates GSIS by transient interaction with GCG and catalyzing its tyrosine nitration, and the tyrosine nitration may impair GCG activity, leading to loss of intra-islet GCG signaling and markedly impaired insulin secretion. Data presented here elucidate a novel role for heme in disrupting local GCG signaling in diabetes. Heme bound to GCG and induced GCG tyrosine nitration. Two tyrosine residues in GCG were both sensitive to the nitrating species. Further, GCG was also demonstrated to be a preferred target peptide for tyrosine nitration by co-incubation with BSA. Tyrosine nitration impaired GCG stimulated cAMP-dependent signaling in islet β cells and decreased insulin release. Our results provided a new role of heme for impaired GSIS in the pathological process of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Guoqi Ni
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shitao Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Hailing Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Zhonghong Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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Liu B, Peng Y, Yi D, Machireddy N, Dong D, Ramirez K, Dai J, Vanderpool R, Zhu MM, Dai Z, Zhao YY. Endothelial PHD2 deficiency induces nitrative stress via suppression of caveolin-1 in pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2102643. [PMID: 35798360 PMCID: PMC9791795 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02643-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrative stress is a characteristic feature of the pathology of human pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, the role of nitrative stress in the pathogenesis of obliterative vascular remodelling and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension remains largely unclear. METHOD Our recently identified novel mouse model (Egln1Tie2Cre, Egln1 encoding prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2)) has obliterative vascular remodelling and right heart failure, making it an excellent model to use in this study to examine the role of nitrative stress in obliterative vascular remodelling. RESULTS Nitrative stress was markedly elevated whereas endothelial caveolin-1 (Cav1) expression was suppressed in the lungs of Egln1Tie2Cre mice. Treatment with a superoxide dismutase mimetic, manganese (III) tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin pentachloride or endothelial Nos3 knockdown using endothelial cell-targeted nanoparticle delivery of CRISPR-Cas9/guide RNA plasmid DNA inhibited obliterative pulmonary vascular remodelling and attenuated severe pulmonary hypertension in Egln1Tie2Cre mice. Genetic restoration of Cav1 expression in Egln1Tie2Cre mice normalised nitrative stress, reduced pulmonary hypertension and improved right heart function. CONCLUSION These data suggest that suppression of Cav1 expression secondary to PHD2 deficiency augments nitrative stress through endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation, which contributes to obliterative vascular remodelling and severe pulmonary hypertension. Thus, a reactive oxygen/nitrogen species scavenger might have therapeutic potential for the inhibition of obliterative vascular remodelling and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yi Peng
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Critical Care, Dept of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dan Yi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Narsa Machireddy
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Critical Care, Dept of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daoyin Dong
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Critical Care, Dept of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karina Ramirez
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jingbo Dai
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Critical Care, Dept of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca Vanderpool
- College of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maggie M Zhu
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Critical Care, Dept of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhiyu Dai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Zhiyu Dai and You-Yang Zhao contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - You-Yang Zhao
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Critical Care, Dept of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Dept of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Dept of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Zhiyu Dai and You-Yang Zhao contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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Role of Posttranslational Modifications of Proteins in Cardiovascular Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3137329. [PMID: 35855865 PMCID: PMC9288287 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3137329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, making it an urgent concern. Although some studies have been performed on CVD, its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown for all types of CVD. However, recent in vivo and in vitro studies have successfully identified the important roles of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in various diseases, including CVD. Protein modification, also known as PTMs, refers to the chemical modification of specific amino acid residues after protein biosynthesis, which is a key process that can influence the activity or expression level of proteins. Studies on PTMs have contributed directly to improving the therapeutic strategies for CVD. In this review, we examined recent progress on PTMs and highlighted their importance in both physiological and pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system. Overall, the findings of this review contribute to the understanding of PTMs and their potential roles in the treatment of CVD.
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Evans CE, Cober ND, Dai Z, Stewart DJ, Zhao YY. Endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.03957-2020. [PMID: 33509961 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03957-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease that involves pulmonary vasoconstriction, small vessel obliteration, large vessel thickening and obstruction, and development of plexiform lesions. PAH vasculopathy leads to progressive increases in pulmonary vascular resistance, right heart failure and, ultimately, premature death. Besides other cell types that are known to be involved in PAH pathogenesis (e.g. smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and leukocytes), recent studies have demonstrated that endothelial cells (ECs) have a crucial role in the initiation and progression of PAH. The EC-specific role in PAH is multi-faceted and affects numerous pathophysiological processes, including vasoconstriction, inflammation, coagulation, metabolism and oxidative/nitrative stress, as well as cell viability, growth and differentiation. In this review, we describe how EC dysfunction and cell signalling regulate the pathogenesis of PAH. We also highlight areas of research that warrant attention in future studies, and discuss potential molecular signalling pathways in ECs that could be targeted therapeutically in the prevention and treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin E Evans
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Section of Injury Repair and Regeneration, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas D Cober
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zhiyu Dai
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Section of Injury Repair and Regeneration, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Dept of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Dept of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - You-Yang Zhao
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Section of Injury Repair and Regeneration, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA .,Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Dept of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Effects of a 12-Month Treatment with Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors, and Their Combination on Oxidant and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091379. [PMID: 34573011 PMCID: PMC8468804 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalance between oxidative stress burden and antioxidant capacity is implicated in the course of atherosclerosis among type 2 diabetic patients. We addressed the effects of insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), and their combination on levels of oxidant and antioxidant biomarkers. We recruited a total of 160 type 2 diabetics, who received insulin (n = 40), liraglutide (n = 40), empagliflozin (n = 40), or their combination (GLP-1RA+SGLT-2i) (n = 40). We measured at baseline, at 4 and at 12 months of treatment: (a) Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), (b) Malondialdehyde (MDA), (c) Reducing Power (RP), (d) 2,2¢-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical (ABTS) and (e) Total Antioxidant Capacity TAC). Dual treatment resulted in significant improvement of TBARS, MDA, and ABTS at four months compared with the other groups (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). At twelve months, all participants improved TBARS, MDA, and ABTS (p < 0.05). At 12 months, GLP1-RA and GLP-1RA+SGLT2-i provided a greater reduction of TBARS (−8.76% and −9.83%) compared with insulin or SGLT2i (−0.5% and 3.22%), (p < 0.05). GLP1-RA and GLP-1RA+SGLT-2i showed a greater reduction of MDA (−30.15% and −31.44%) compared with insulin or SGLT2i (4.72% and −3.74%), (p < 0.05). SGLT2i and GLP-1RA+SGLT2-i showed increase of ABTS (12.87% and 14.13%) compared with insulin or GLP1-RA (2.44% and −3.44%), (p < 0.05). Only combined treatment resulted in increase of TAC compared with the other groups after 12 months of treatment (p < 0.05).12-month treatment with GLP1-RA and SGLT2i resulted in reduction of biomarkers responsible for oxidative modifications and increase of antioxidant biomarker, respectively. The combination treatment was superior and additive to each separate agent and also the beneficial effects appeared earlier.
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7
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Zemskov EA, Wu X, Aggarwal S, Yegambaram M, Gross C, Lu Q, Wang H, Tang H, Wang T, Black SM. Nitration of protein kinase G-Iα modulates cyclic nucleotide crosstalk via phosphodiesterase 3A: Implications for acute lung injury. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100946. [PMID: 34252457 PMCID: PMC8342797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) selectively cleaves the phosphodiester bond of cAMP and is inhibited by cGMP, making it an important regulator of cAMP-cGMP signaling crosstalk in the pulmonary vasculature. In addition, the nitric oxide-cGMP axis is known to play an important role in maintaining endothelial barrier function. However, the potential role of protein kinase G-Iα (PKG-Iα) in this protective process is unresolved and was the focus of our study. We describe here a novel mechanism regulating PDE3A activity, which involves a PKG-Iα-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation of PDE3A at serine 654. We also show that this phosphorylation is critical for maintaining intracellular cAMP levels in the pulmonary endothelium and endothelial barrier integrity. In an animal model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by challenging mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an increase in PDE3 activity and a decrease in cAMP levels in lung tissue was associated with reduced PKG activity upon PKG-Iα nitration at tyrosine 247. The peroxynitrite scavenger manganese (III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin prevented this increase in PDE3 activity in LPS-exposed lungs. In addition, site-directed mutagenesis of PDE3A to replace serine 654 with alanine yielded a mutant protein that was insensitive to PKG-dependent regulation. Taken together, our data demonstrate a novel functional link between nitrosative stress induced by LPS during ALI and the downregulation of barrier-protective intracellular cAMP levels. Our data also provide new evidence that PKG-Iα is critical for endothelial barrier maintenance and that preservation of its catalytic activity may be efficacious in ALI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Christine Gross
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA; Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.
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8
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Rudyk O, Aaronson PI. Redox Regulation, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:209-241. [PMID: 33788196 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Group 3 pulmonary hypertension (PH), which occurs secondary to hypoxia lung diseases, is one of the most common causes of PH worldwide and has a high unmet clinical need. A deeper understanding of the integrative pathological and adaptive molecular mechanisms within this group is required to inform the development of novel drug targets and effective treatments. The production of oxidants is increased in PH Group 3, and their pleiotropic roles include contributing to disease progression by promoting prolonged hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and pathological pulmonary vascular remodeling, but also stimulating adaptation to pathological stress that limits the severity of this disease. Inflammation, which is increasingly being viewed as a key pathological feature of Group 3 PH, is subject to complex regulation by redox mechanisms and is exacerbated by, but also augments oxidative stress. In this review, we investigate aspects of this complex crosstalk between inflammation and oxidative stress in Group 3 PH, focusing on the redox-regulated transcription factor NF-κB and its upstream regulators toll-like receptor 4 and high mobility group box protein 1. Ultimately, we propose that the development of specific therapeutic interventions targeting redox-regulated signaling pathways related to inflammation could be explored as novel treatments for Group 3 PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Rudyk
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK.
| | - Philip I Aaronson
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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9
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RAC1 nitration at Y 32 IS involved in the endothelial barrier disruption associated with lipopolysaccharide-mediated acute lung injury. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101794. [PMID: 33248422 PMCID: PMC7664366 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), a devastating illness induced by systemic inflammation e.g., sepsis or local lung inflammation e.g., COVID-19 mediated severe pneumonia, has an unacceptably high mortality and has no effective therapy. ALI is associated with increased pulmonary microvascular hyperpermeability and alveolar flooding. The small Rho GTPases, RhoA and Rac1 are central regulators of vascular permeability through cytoskeleton rearrangements. RhoA and Rac1 have opposing functional outcome: RhoA induces an endothelial contractile phenotype and barrier disruption, while Rac1 stabilizes endothelial junctions and increases barrier integrity. In ALI, RhoA activity is increased while Rac1 activity is reduced. We have shown that the activation of RhoA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated ALI, is dependent, at least in part, on a single nitration event at tyrosine (Y)34. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if the inhibition of Rac1 is also dependent on its nitration. Our data show that Rac1 inhibition by LPS is associated with its nitration that mass spectrometry identified as Y32, within the switch I region adjacent to the nucleotide-binding site. Using a molecular modeling approach, we designed a nitration shielding peptide for Rac1, designated NipR2 (nitration inhibitor peptide for the Rho GTPases 2), which attenuated the LPS-induced nitration of Rac1 at Y32, preserves Rac1 activity and attenuates the LPS-mediated disruption of the endothelial barrier in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC). Using a murine model of ALI induced by intratracheal installation of LPS we found that NipR2 successfully prevented Rac1 nitration and Rac1 inhibition, and more importantly attenuated pulmonary inflammation, reduced lung injury and prevented the loss of lung function. Together, our data identify a new post-translational mechanism of Rac1 inhibition through its nitration at Y32. As NipR2 also reduces sepsis induced ALI in the mouse lung, we conclude that Rac1 nitration is a therapeutic target in ALI. Endotoxin exposure induces site specific nitration of Rac1 at Y32 via peroxynitrite stress. Rac1 nitration at Y32 leads to persistent Rac GTPase inhibition and endothelial barrier disruption. Novel Rac1 nitration shielding peptide, NipR2 blocks Rac1 nitration and rescues endotoxin induced lung inflammation. NipR2 is potentially an effective therapy for sepsis induced lung injury by targeting Rac1 Y32 nitration.
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10
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Reactive species generated by heme impair alveolar epithelial sodium channel function in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101592. [PMID: 32506040 PMCID: PMC7276446 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the highly reactive cell-free heme (CFH) is increased in the plasma of patients with chronic lung injury and causes pulmonary edema in animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) post inhalation of halogen gas. However, the mechanisms by which CFH causes pulmonary edema are unclear. Herein we report for the first time that CFH and chlorinated lipids (formed by the interaction of halogen gas, Cl2, with plasmalogens) are increased in the plasma of patients exposed to Cl2 gas. Ex vivo incubation of red blood cells (RBC) with halogenated lipids caused oxidative damage to RBC cytoskeletal protein spectrin, resulting in hemolysis and release of CFH. Patch clamp and short circuit current measurements revealed that CFH inhibited the activity of amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) and cation sodium (Na+) channels in mouse alveolar cells and trans-epithelial Na+ transport across human airway cells with EC50 of 125 nM and 500 nM, respectively. Molecular modeling identified 22 putative heme-docking sites on ENaC (energy of binding range: 86-1563 kJ/mol) with at least 2 sites within its narrow transmembrane pore, potentially capable of blocking Na+ transport across the channel. A single intramuscular injection of the heme-scavenging protein, hemopexin (4 μg/kg body weight), one hour post halogen gas exposure, decreased plasma CFH and improved lung ENaC activity in mice. In conclusion, results suggested that CFH mediated inhibition of ENaC activity may be responsible for pulmonary edema post inhalation injury.
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11
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Rafikova O, Al Ghouleh I, Rafikov R. Focus on Early Events: Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Development. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:933-953. [PMID: 31169021 PMCID: PMC6765063 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease of the lung vasculature characterized by the proliferation of all vascular wall cell types, including endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblasts. The disease rapidly advances into a form with extensive pulmonary vascular remodeling, leading to a rapid increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, which results in right heart failure. Recent Advances: Most current research in the PAH field has been focused on the late stage of the disease, largely due to an urgent need for patient treatment options in clinics. Further, the pathobiology of PAH is multifaceted in the advanced disease, and there has been promising recent progress in identifying various pathological pathways related to the late clinical picture. Critical Issues: Early stage PAH still requires additional attention from the scientific community, and although the survival of patients with early diagnosis is comparatively higher, the disease develops in patients asymptomatically, making it difficult to identify and treat early. Future Directions: There are several reasons to focus on the early stage of PAH. First, the complexity of late stage disease, owing to multiple pathways being activated in a complex system with intra- and intercellular signaling, leads to an unclear picture of the key contributors to the pathobiology. Second, an understanding of early pathophysiological events can increase the ability to identify PAH patients earlier than what is currently possible. Third, the prompt diagnosis of PAH would allow for the therapy to start earlier, which has proved to be a more successful strategy, and it ensures better survival in PAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rafikova
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Imad Al Ghouleh
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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12
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Functions and dysfunctions of nitric oxide in brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1949-1967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Urmey AR, Zondlo NJ. Design of a Protein Motif Responsive to Tyrosine Nitration and an Encoded Turn-Off Sensor of Tyrosine Nitration. Biochemistry 2019; 58:2822-2833. [PMID: 31140788 PMCID: PMC6688601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine nitration is a protein post-translational modification that is predominantly non-enzymatic and is observed to be increased under conditions of nitrosative stress and in numerous disease states. A small protein motif (14-18 amino acids) responsive to tyrosine nitration has been developed. In this design, nitrotyrosine replaced the conserved Glu12 of an EF-hand metal-binding motif. Thus, the non-nitrated peptide bound terbium weakly. In contrast, tyrosine nitration resulted in a 45-fold increase in terbium affinity. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated direct binding of nitrotyrosine to the metal and EF-hand-like metal contacts in this designed peptide. Nitrotyrosine is an efficient quencher of fluorescence. To develop a sensor of tyrosine nitration, the initial design was modified to incorporate Glu residues at EF-hand positions 9 and 16 as additional metal-binding residues, to increase the terbium affinity of the peptide with unmodified tyrosine. This peptide with a tyrosine at residue 12 bound terbium and effectively sensitized terbium luminescence. Tyrosine nitration resulted in a 180-fold increase in terbium affinity ( Kd = 1.6 μM) and quenching of terbium luminescence. This sequence was incorporated as an encoded protein tag and applied as a turn-off fluorescent protein sensor of tyrosine nitration. The sensor was responsive to nitration by peroxynitrite, with fluorescence quenched upon nitration. The greater terbium affinity upon tyrosine nitration resulted in a large dynamic range and sensitivity to substoichiometric nitration. An improved approach for the synthesis of peptides containing nitrotyrosine was also developed, via the in situ silyl protection of nitrotyrosine. This work represents the first designed, encodable protein motif that is responsive to tyrosine nitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Urmey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Neal J. Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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14
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Porter JJ, Jang HS, Van Fossen EM, Nguyen DP, Willi TS, Cooley RB, Mehl RA. Genetically Encoded Protein Tyrosine Nitration in Mammalian Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1328-1336. [PMID: 31117397 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine nitration has served as a major biomarker for oxidative stress and is present in high abundance in over 50 disease pathologies in humans. While data mounts on specific disease pathways from specific sites of tyrosine nitration, the role of these modifications is still largely unclear. Strategies for installing site-specific tyrosine nitration in target proteins in eukaryotic cells, through routes not dependent on oxidative stress, would provide a powerful method to address the consequences of tyrosine nitration. Developed here is a Methanosarcina barkeri aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair that efficiently incorporates nitrotyrosine site-specifically into proteins in mammalian cells. We demonstrate the utility of this approach to produce nitrated proteins identified in disease conditions by producing site-specific nitroTyr-containing manganese superoxide dismutase and 14-3-3 proteins in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Porter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-7305, United States
| | - Hyo Sang Jang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-7305, United States
| | - Elise M. Van Fossen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-7305, United States
| | - Duy P. Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-7305, United States
| | - Taylor S. Willi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-7305, United States
| | - Richard B. Cooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-7305, United States
| | - Ryan A. Mehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-7305, United States
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15
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Ito A, Shiroto T, Godo S, Saito H, Tanaka S, Ikumi Y, Kajitani S, Satoh K, Shimokawa H. Important roles of endothelial caveolin-1 in endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization and ischemic angiogenesis in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H900-H910. [PMID: 30707613 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00589.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, the importance of physiological ROS has also been emerging. We have previously demonstrated that endothelium-derived H2O2 is an endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) factor and that loss of endothelial caveolin-1 reduces EDH/H2O2 in the microcirculation. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a scaffolding/regulatory protein that interacts with diverse signaling pathways, including angiogenesis. However, it remains unclear whether endothelial Cav-1 plays a role in ischemic angiogenesis by modulating EDH/H2O2. In the present study, we thus addressed this issue in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia using male endothelium-specific Cav-1 (eCav-1) knockout (KO) mice. In isometric tension experiments with femoral arteries from eCav-1-KO mice, reduced EDH-mediated relaxations to acetylcholine and desensitization of sodium nitroprusside-mediated endothelium-independent relaxations were noted ( n = 4~6). An ex vivo aortic ring assay also showed that the extent of microvessel sprouting was significantly reduced in eCav-1-KO mice compared with wild-type (WT) littermates ( n = 12 each). Blood flow recovery at 4 wk assessed with a laser speckle flowmeter after femoral artery ligation was significantly impaired in eCav-1-KO mice compared with WT littermates ( n = 10 each) and was associated with reduced capillary density and muscle fibrosis in the legs ( n = 6 each). Importantly, posttranslational protein modifications by reactive nitrogen species and ROS, as evaluated by thiol glutathione adducts and nitrotyrosine, respectively, were both increased in eCav-1-KO mice ( n = 6~7 each). These results indicate that endothelial Cav-1 plays an important role in EDH-mediated vasodilatation and ischemic angiogenesis through posttranslational protein modifications by nitrooxidative stress in mice in vivo. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, the importance of physiological ROS has also been emerging. The present study provides a line of novel evidence that endothelial caveolin-1 plays important roles in endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization and ischemic angiogenesis in hindlimb ischemia in mice through posttranslational protein modifications by reactive nitrogen species and ROS in mice in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyo Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan
| | - Takashi Shiroto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan
| | - Shigeo Godo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan
| | - Hiroki Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan
| | - Shuhei Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan
| | - Yosuke Ikumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan
| | - Shoko Kajitani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan
| | - Kimio Satoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan
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16
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Ferrer-Sueta G, Campolo N, Trujillo M, Bartesaghi S, Carballal S, Romero N, Alvarez B, Radi R. Biochemistry of Peroxynitrite and Protein Tyrosine Nitration. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1338-1408. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Campolo
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Carballal
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Romero
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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17
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Limiting Injury During Saphenous Vein Graft Preparation For Coronary Arterial Bypass Prevents Metabolic Decompensation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14179. [PMID: 29079734 PMCID: PMC5660200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard harvest and preparation of human saphenous vein (HSV) for autologous coronary and peripheral arterial bypass procedures is associated with injury and increased oxidative stress that negatively affect graft performance. In this study we investigated the global metabolomic profiles of HSV before (unprepared; UP) and after standard vein graft preparation (AP). AP-HSV showed impaired vasomotor function that was associated with increased oxidative stress, phospholipid hydrolysis and energy depletion that are characteristic of mechanical and chemical injury. A porcine model (PSV) was utilized to validate these metabolomic changes in HSV and to determine the efficacy of an improved preparation technique (OP) using pressure-regulated distension, a non-toxic vein marker, and graft storage in buffered PlasmaLyte solution in limiting metabolic decompensation due to graft preparation. Deficits in vasomotor function and metabolic signature observed in AP-PSV could be largely mitigated with the OP procedure. These findings suggest that simple strategies aimed at reducing injury during graft harvest and preparation represents a straightforward and viable strategy to preserve conduit function and possibly improve graft patency.
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18
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Sun H, Maroto R, Brasier AR. Selective Affinity Enrichment of Nitrotyrosine-Containing Peptides for Quantitative Analysis in Complex Samples. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2983-2992. [PMID: 28714690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine nitration by oxidative and nitrate stress is important in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory or aging-related diseases. Mass spectrometry analysis of protein nitrotyrosine is very challenging because the non-nitrated peptides suppress the signals of the low-abundance nitrotyrosine (NT) peptides. No validated methods for enrichment of NT-peptides are currently available. Here we report an immunoaffinity enrichment of NT-peptides for proteomics analysis. The effectiveness of this approach was evaluated using nitrated protein standards and whole-cell lysates in vitro. A total of 1881 NT sites were identified from a nitrated whole-cell extract, indicating that this immunoaffinity-MS method is a valid approach for the enrichment of NT-peptides, and provides a significant advance for characterizing the nitrotyrosine proteome. We noted that this method had higher affinity to peptides with N-terminal nitrotyrosine relative to peptides with other nitrotyrosine locations, which raises the need for future study to develop a pan-specific nitrotyrosine antibody for unbiased, proteome-wide analysis of tyrosine nitration. We applied this method to quantify the changes in protein tyrosine nitration in mouse lungs after intranasal poly(I:C) treatment and quantified 237 NT sites. This result indicates that the immunoaffinity-MS method can be used for quantitative analysis of protein nitrotyrosines in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.,Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, UTMB , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Yueqing Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Rosario Maroto
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, UTMB , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.,Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, UTMB , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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19
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Sun X, Kellner M, Desai AA, Wang T, Lu Q, Kangath A, Qu N, Klinger C, Fratz S, Yuan JXJ, Jacobson JR, Garcia JGN, Rafikov R, Fineman JR, Black SM. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Stimulates Akt1 Phosphorylation via Heat Shock Protein 70-Facilitated Carboxyl-Terminal Modulator Protein Degradation in Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:275-87. [PMID: 26959555 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0185oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) induces the mitochondrial translocation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) through the nitration-mediated activation of Akt1. However, it is recognized that the activation of Akt1 requires phosphorylation events at threonine (T) 308 and serine (S) 473. Thus, the current study was performed to elucidate the potential effect of ADMA on Akt1 phosphorylation and the mechanisms that are involved. Exposure of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells to ADMA enhanced Akt1 phosphorylation at both threonine 308 and Ser473 without altering Akt1 protein levels, phosphatase and tensin homolog activity, or membrane Akt1 levels. Heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 plays a pivotal role in maintaining Akt1 activity, and our results demonstrate that ADMA decreased Hsp90-Akt1 interactions, but, surprisingly, overexpression of a dominant-negative Hsp90 mutant increased Akt1 phosphorylation. ADMA exposure or overexpression of dominant-negative Hsp90 increased Hsp70 levels, and depletion of Hsp70 abolished ADMA-induced Akt1 phosphorylation. ADMA decreased the interaction of Akt1 with its endogenous inhibitor, carboxyl-terminal modulator protein (CTMP). This was mediated by the proteasomal-dependent degradation of CTMP. The overexpression of CTMP attenuated ADMA-induced Akt1 phosphorylation at Ser473, eNOS phosphorylation at Ser617, and eNOS mitochondrial translocation. Finally, we found that the mitochondrial translocation of eNOS in our lamb model of pulmonary hypertension is associated with increased Akt1 and eNOS phosphorylation and reduced Akt1-CTMP protein interactions. In conclusion, our data suggest that CTMP is directly involved in ADMA-induced Akt1 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo, and that increasing CTMP levels may be an avenue to treat pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutong Sun
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Manuela Kellner
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A Desai
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ting Wang
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Qing Lu
- 2 Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Archana Kangath
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ning Qu
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christina Klinger
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Sohrab Fratz
- 3 Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center at the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey R Jacobson
- 4 Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- 5 Department of Pediatrics and.,6 Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stephen M Black
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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20
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Evans CE, Zhao YY. Molecular Basis of Nitrative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 967:33-45. [PMID: 29047079 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a lung vascular disease with marked increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure (>25 mmHg at rest). In PH patients, increases in pulmonary vascular resistance lead to impaired cardiac output and reduced exercise tolerance. If untreated, PH progresses to right heart failure and premature lethality. The mechanisms that control the pathogenesis of PH are incompletely understood, but evidence from human and animal studies implicate nitrative stress in the development of PH. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) result in nitrative stress, which in turn induces posttranslational modification of key proteins important for maintaining pulmonary vascular homeostasis. This affects their functions and thereby contributes to the pathogenesis of PH. In this chapter, molecular mechanisms underlying nitrative stress-induced PH are reviewed, molecular sources of ROS and RNS are delineated, and evidence of nitrative stress in PH patients is described. A better understanding of such mechanisms could lead to the development of novel treatments for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin E Evans
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, E403-MSB, M/C 868, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,British Heart Foundation Center of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - You-Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, E403-MSB, M/C 868, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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21
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Peroxynitrite: From interception to signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 595:153-60. [PMID: 27095233 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite is a strong oxidant and nitrating species that mediates certain biological effects of superoxide and nitrogen monoxide. These biological effects include oxidative damage to proteins as well as the formation of 3-nitrotyrosyl moieties in proteins. As a consequence, such proteins may lose their activity, gain altered function, or become prone to proteolytic degradation - resulting in modulation of cellular protein turnover and in the modulation of signaling cascades. In analogy to hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite may be scavenged by selenoproteins like glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) or by selenocompounds with a GPx-like activity, such as ebselen; in further analogy to H2O2, peroxiredoxins have also been established as contributors to peroxynitrite reduction. This review covers three aspects of peroxynitrite biochemistry, (i) the interaction of selenocompounds/-proteins with peroxynitrite, (ii) peroxynitrite-induced modulation of cellular proteolysis, and (iii) peroxynitrite-induced modulation of cellular signaling.
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22
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Gao Y, Chen T, Raj JU. Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cell Interactions in the Pathobiology of Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:451-60. [PMID: 26744837 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0323tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pulmonary vasculature, the endothelial and smooth muscle cells are two key cell types that play a major role in the pathobiology of pulmonary vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension. The normal interactions between these two cell types are important for the homeostasis of the pulmonary circulation, and any aberrant interaction between them may lead to various disease states including pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension. It is well recognized that the endothelial cell can regulate the function of the underlying smooth muscle cell by releasing various bioactive agents such as nitric oxide and endothelin-1. In addition to such paracrine regulation, other mechanisms exist by which there is cross-talk between these two cell types, including communication via the myoendothelial injunctions and information transfer via extracellular vesicles. Emerging evidence suggests that these nonparacrine mechanisms play an important role in the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone and the determination of cell phenotype and that they are critically involved in the pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Gao
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Tianji Chen
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - J Usha Raj
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Soluble guanylyl cyclase-activated cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits arterial smooth muscle cell migration independent of VASP-serine 239 phosphorylation. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1364-1379. [PMID: 27302407 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) accounts for over half of all cardiovascular disease-related deaths. Uncontrolled arterial smooth muscle (ASM) cell migration is a major component of CAD pathogenesis and efforts aimed at attenuating its progression are clinically essential. Cyclic nucleotide signaling has long been studied for its growth-mitigating properties in the setting of CAD and other vascular disorders. Heme-containing soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) synthesizes cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and maintains vascular homeostasis predominantly through cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) signaling. Considering that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can interfere with appropriate sGC signaling by oxidizing the cyclase heme moiety and so are associated with several CVD pathologies, the current study was designed to test the hypothesis that heme-independent sGC activation by BAY 60-2770 (BAY60) maintains cGMP levels despite heme oxidation and inhibits ASM cell migration through phosphorylation of the PKG target and actin-binding vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). First, using the heme oxidant ODQ, cGMP content was potentiated in the presence of BAY60. Using a rat model of arterial growth, BAY60 significantly reduced neointima formation and luminal narrowing compared to vehicle (VEH)-treated controls. In rat ASM cells BAY60 significantly attenuated cell migration, reduced G:F actin, and increased PKG activity and VASP Ser239 phosphorylation (pVASP·S239) compared to VEH controls. Site-directed mutagenesis was then used to generate overexpressing full-length wild type VASP (FL-VASP/WT), VASP Ser239 phosphorylation-mimetic (FL-VASP/239D) and VASP Ser239 phosphorylation-resistant (FL-VASP/239A) ASM cell mutants. Surprisingly, FL-VASP/239D negated the inhibitory effects of FL-VASP/WT and FL-VASP/239A cells on migration. Furthermore, when FL-VASP mutants were treated with BAY60, only the FL-VASP/239D group showed reduced migration compared to its VEH controls. Intriguingly, FL-VASP/239D abrogated the stimulatory effects of FL-VASP/WT and FL-VASP/239A cells on PKG activity. In turn, pharmacologic blockade of PKG in the presence of BAY60 reversed the inhibitory effect of BAY60 on naïve ASM cell migration. Taken together, we demonstrate for the first time that BAY60 inhibits ASM cell migration through cGMP/PKG/VASP signaling yet through mechanisms independent of pVASP·S239 and that FL-VASP overexpression regulates PKG activity in rat ASM cells. These findings implicate BAY60 as a potential pharmacotherapeutic agent against aberrant ASM growth disorders such as CAD and also establish a unique mechanism through which VASP controls PKG activity.
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Donaldson L, Meier S, Gehring C. The arabidopsis cyclic nucleotide interactome. Cell Commun Signal 2016; 14:10. [PMID: 27170143 PMCID: PMC4865018 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic nucleotides have been shown to play important signaling roles in many physiological processes in plants including photosynthesis and defence. Despite this, little is known about cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling mechanisms in plants since the downstream target proteins remain unknown. This is largely due to the fact that bioinformatics searches fail to identify plant homologs of protein kinases and phosphodiesterases that are the main targets of cyclic nucleotides in animals. METHODS An affinity purification technique was used to identify cyclic nucleotide binding proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. The identified proteins were subjected to a computational analysis that included a sequence, transcriptional co-expression and functional annotation analysis in order to assess their potential role in plant cyclic nucleotide signaling. RESULTS A total of twelve cyclic nucleotide binding proteins were identified experimentally including key enzymes in the Calvin cycle and photorespiration pathway. Importantly, eight of the twelve proteins were shown to contain putative cyclic nucleotide binding domains. Moreover, the identified proteins are post-translationally modified by nitric oxide, transcriptionally co-expressed and annotated to function in hydrogen peroxide signaling and the defence response. The activity of one of these proteins, GLYGOLATE OXIDASE 1, a photorespiratory enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide in response to Pseudomonas, was shown to be repressed by a combination of cGMP and nitric oxide treatment. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the identified proteins function together as points of cross-talk between cyclic nucleotide, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species signaling during the defence response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Donaldson
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag × 3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.
| | - Stuart Meier
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christoph Gehring
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Gaupels F, Furch ACU, Zimmermann MR, Chen F, Kaever V, Buhtz A, Kehr J, Sarioglu H, Kogel KH, Durner J. Systemic Induction of NO-, Redox-, and cGMP Signaling in the Pumpkin Extrafascicular Phloem upon Local Leaf Wounding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:154. [PMID: 26904092 PMCID: PMC4751408 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbits developed the unique extrafascicular phloem (EFP) as a defensive structure against herbivorous animals. Mechanical leaf injury was previously shown to induce a systemic wound response in the EFP of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). Here, we demonstrate that the phloem antioxidant system and protein modifications by NO are strongly regulated during this process. Activities of the central antioxidant enzymes dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate reductase were rapidly down-regulated at 30 min with a second minimum at 24 h after wounding. As a consequence levels of total ascorbate and glutathione also decreased with similar bi-phasic kinetics. These results hint toward a wound-induced shift in the redox status of the EFP. Nitric oxide (NO) is another important player in stress-induced redox signaling in plants. Therefore, we analyzed NO-dependent protein modifications in the EFP. Six to forty eight hours after leaf damage total S-nitrosothiol content and protein S-nitrosylation were clearly reduced, which was contrasted by a pronounced increase in protein tyrosine nitration. Collectively, these findings suggest that NO-dependent S-nitrosylation turned into peroxynitrite-mediated protein nitration upon a stress-induced redox shift probably involving the accumulation of reactive oxygen species within the EFP. Using the biotin switch assay and anti-nitrotyrosine antibodies we identified 9 candidate S-nitrosylated and 6 candidate tyrosine-nitrated phloem proteins. The wound-responsive Phloem Protein 16-1 (PP16-1) and Cyclophilin 18 (CYP18) as well as the 26.5 kD isoform of Phloem Protein 2 (PP2) were amenable to both NO modifications and could represent important redox-sensors within the cucurbit EFP. We also found that leaf injury triggered the systemic accumulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the EFP and discuss the possible function of this second messenger in systemic NO and redox signaling within the EFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gaupels
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra C. U. Furch
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-UniversityJena, Germany
| | - Matthias R. Zimmermann
- Institute of General Botany and Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-UniversityJena, Germany
| | - Faxing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Volkhard Kaever
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, Germany
| | - Anja Buhtz
- Department Lothar Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam, Germany
| | - Julia Kehr
- Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University HamburgHamburg, Germany
| | - Hakan Sarioglu
- Department of Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Kogel
- Research Center for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessen, Germany
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherberg, Germany
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Rafikov R, Sun X, Rafikova O, Louise Meadows M, Desai AA, Khalpey Z, Yuan JXJ, Fineman JR, Black SM. Complex I dysfunction underlies the glycolytic switch in pulmonary hypertensive smooth muscle cells. Redox Biol 2015; 6:278-286. [PMID: 26298201 PMCID: PMC4556771 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP is essential for cellular function and is usually produced through oxidative phosphorylation. However, mitochondrial dysfunction is now being recognized as an important contributing factor in the development cardiovascular diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension (PH). In PH there is a metabolic change from oxidative phosphorylation to mainly glycolysis for energy production. However, the mechanisms underlying this glycolytic switch are only poorly understood. In particular the role of the respiratory Complexes in the mitochondrial dysfunction associated with PH is unresolved and was the focus of our investigations. We report that smooth muscle cells isolated from the pulmonary vessels of rats with PH (PH-PASMC), induced by a single injection of monocrotaline, have attenuated mitochondrial function and enhanced glycolysis. Further, utilizing a novel live cell assay, we were able to demonstrate that the mitochondrial dysfunction in PH-PASMC correlates with deficiencies in the activities of Complexes I-III. Further, we observed that there was an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane potential in the PASMC isolated from rats with PH. We further found that the defect in Complex I activity was due to a loss of Complex I assembly, although the assembly of Complexes II and III were both maintained. Thus, we conclude that loss of Complex I assembly may be involved in the switch of energy metabolism in smooth muscle cells to glycolysis and that maintaining Complex I activity may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Rafikov
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Xutong Sun
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Olga Rafikova
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Zain Khalpey
- Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics and the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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27
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Gross CM, Rafikov R, Kumar S, Aggarwal S, Ham PB, Meadows ML, Cherian-Shaw M, Kangath A, Sridhar S, Lucas R, Black SM. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase deficient mice are protected from lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119918. [PMID: 25786132 PMCID: PMC4364989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria induces acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. This injury is associated with lung edema, inflammation, diffuse alveolar damage, and severe respiratory insufficiency. We have previously reported that LPS-mediated nitric oxide synthase (NOS) uncoupling, through increases in asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), plays an important role in the development of ALI through the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Therefore, the focus of this study was to determine whether mice deficient in endothelial NOS (eNOS-/-) are protected against ALI. In both wild-type and eNOS-/- mice, ALI was induced by the intratracheal instillation of LPS (2 mg/kg). After 24 hours, we found that eNOS-/-mice were protected against the LPS mediated increase in inflammatory cell infiltration, inflammatory cytokine production, and lung injury. In addition, LPS exposed eNOS-/- mice had increased oxygen saturation and improved lung mechanics. The protection in eNOS-/- mice was associated with an attenuated production of NO, NOS derived superoxide, and peroxynitrite. Furthermore, we found that eNOS-/- mice had less RhoA activation that correlated with a reduction in RhoA nitration at Tyr34. Finally, we found that the reduction in NOS uncoupling in eNOS-/- mice was due to a preservation of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) activity that prevented the LPS-mediated increase in ADMA. Together our data suggest that eNOS derived reactive species play an important role in the development of LPS-mediated lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Gross
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - P Benson Ham
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mary Louise Meadows
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Archana Kangath
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Supriya Sridhar
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stephen M Black
- Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
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