1
|
Gu X, Liu M, Wang M, Wang K, Zhou T, Wu Q, Dong N. Corin deficiency alleviates mucosal lesions in a mouse model of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. Life Sci 2024; 339:122446. [PMID: 38246520 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS High dietary salt consumption is a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Corin is a protease that activates atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), thereby regulating sodium homeostasis. Corin acts in multiple tissues, including the intestine. In mice, corin deficiency impairs intestinal sodium excretion. This study aims to examine if reduced intestinal sodium excretion alters the pathophysiology of IBD. MAIN METHODS Wild-type (WT), Corin knockout (KO), and Corin kidney conditional KO (kcKO) mice were tested in a colitis model induced by dextran sulfide sodium (DSS). Effects of ANP on DSS-induced colitis were tested in WT and Corin KO mice. Body weight changes in the mice were monitored. Necropsy, histological analysis, and immunostaining studies were conducted to examine colon length and mucosal lesions. Fecal sodium levels were measured. RT-PCR was done to analyze proinflammatory genes in colon samples. KEY FINDINGS DSS-treated Corin KO mice had an ameliorated colitis phenotype with less body weight loss, longer colon lengths, smaller mucosal lesions, lower disease scores, more preserved goblet cells, and suppressed proinflammatory genes in the colon. In longitudinal studies, the DSS-treated Corin KO mice had delayed onset of colon mucosal lesions. ANP administration lessened the colitis in WT, but not Corin KO, mice. Analyses of WT, Corin KO, and Corin kcKO mice indicated that fecal sodium excretion, controlled by intestinal corin, may regulate inflammatory responses in DSS-induced colitis in mice. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicate a role of corin in intestinal pathophysiology, suggesting that reduced intestinal sodium level may offer protective benefits against IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiabing Gu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengting Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang H, Liu YS, Peng Y, Chen W, Dong N, Wu Q, Pan B, Wang B, Guo W. Golgi α-mannosidases regulate cell surface N-glycan type and ectodomain shedding of the transmembrane protease corin. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105211. [PMID: 37660903 PMCID: PMC10520876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Corin is a transmembrane protease that activates natriuretic peptides on the cell membrane. Reduced cell surface targeting or increased ectodomain shedding disrupts cell membrane homeostasis of corin, thereby impairing its cell surface expression and enzyme activity. N-glycans are essential in corin ectodomain shedding. Lack of N-glycans promotes corin ectodomain shedding in the juxtamembrane and frizzled-1 domains. The nascent N-glycans, transferred onto the polypeptide of corin, undergo multistep N-glycan processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. It remains unclear how trimming by Golgi α-mannosidases, the critical N-glycan processing steps in N-glycan maturation, may regulate corin biosynthesis. In this study, we examined the effects of kifunensine and swainsonine, the inhibitors for α-mannosidases I and II, on corin expression and function. Western analysis of corin proteins in cell lysates and conditioned media from the inhibitor-treated corin-stable HEK293 cells and AC16 cells showed that both α-mannosidases I and II were required to maintain complex N-glycans on cell surface corin and protect corin from ectodomain shedding in the juxtamembrane and frizzled-1 domains. Cell viability analysis revealed that inhibition of α-mannosidase I or II sensitized cardiomyocytes to hydrogen peroxide-induced injury via regulating corin. Moreover, either one of the two coding genes was sufficient to perform Golgi α-mannosidase I trimming of N-glycans on corin. Similarly, this sufficiency was observed in Golgi α-mannosidase II-coding genes. Inhibition of ectodomain shedding restored corin zymogen activation from kifunensine- or swainsonine-induced reduction. Together, our results show the important roles of Golgi α-mannosidases in maintaining cell membrane homeostasis and biological activities of corin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yingfei Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Baishen Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beili Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Niu Y, Zhou T, Zhang S, Li W, Wang K, Dong N, Wu Q. Corin deficiency impairs cardiac function in mouse models of heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1164524. [PMID: 37636304 PMCID: PMC10450958 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1164524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Corin is a protease in the natriuretic peptide system. Deleterious CORIN variants are associated with hypertension and heart disease. It remains unclear if and to what extent corin deficiency may contribute to heart failure (HF). Methods Corin knockout (KO) mice were used as a model. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and tissue analysis in Corin KO mice at different ages or subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC), which increased pressure overload. Heart and lung tissues were analyzed for cardiac hypertrophy and lung edema using wheat germ agglutinin, Sirius red, Masson's trichrome, and Prussian blue staining. Recombinant corin was tested for its effect on cardiac function in the TAC-operated Corin KO mice. Selected gene expression in the heart was examined by RT-PCR. ELISA was used to analyze factors in plasma. Results Corin KO mice had progressive cardiac dysfunction with cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis after 9 months of age, likely due to chronic hypertension. When Corin KO mice were subjected to TAC at 10-12 weeks of age, cardiac function decreased more rapidly than in similarly treated wild-type mice. When the TAC-operated Corin KO mice were treated with recombinant corin protein, cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and fibrosis were ameliorated. The corin treatment also decreased the gene expression associated with cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, increased plasma cGMP levels, lowered plasma levels of N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide, angiotensin II, and aldosterone, and lessened lung edema in the Corin KO mice subjected to TAC. Conclusion Corin deficiency impairs cardiac function and exacerbates HF development in mice. Corin protein may be used to reduce cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, suppress the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and improve cardiac function in HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yayan Niu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gu X, Wang K, Li W, He M, Zhou T, Liu M, Wu Q, Dong N. Corin Deficiency Diminishes Intestinal Sodium Excretion in Mice. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:945. [PMID: 37508377 PMCID: PMC10376046 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Sodium excretion, a critical process in sodium homeostasis, occurs in many tissues, including the kidney and intestine. Unlike in the kidney, the hormonal regulation of intestinal sodium excretion remains unclear. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a crucial hormone in renal natriuresis. Corin is a protease critical for ANP activation. Corin and ANP are expressed mainly in the heart. In this study, we investigated corin, ANP, and natriuretic peptide receptor A (Npra) expression in mouse intestines. Corin and ANP expression was co-localized in enteroendocrine cells, whereas Npra expression was on the luminal epithelial cells. In Corin knockout (KO) mice, fecal Na+ and Cl- excretion decreased compared with that in wild-type (WT) mice. Such a decrease was not found in conditional Corin KO mice lacking cardiac corin selectively. In kidney conditional Corin KO mice lacking renal corin, fecal Na+ and Cl- excretion increased, compared to that in WT mice. When WT, Corin KO, and the kidney conditional KO mice were treated with aldosterone, the differences in fecal Na+ and Cl- levels disappeared. These results suggest that intestinal corin may promote fecal sodium excretion in a paracrine mechanism independent of the cardiac corin function. The increased fecal sodium excretion in the kidney conditional Corin KO mice likely reflected an intestinal compensatory response to renal corin deficiency. Our results also suggest that intestinal corin activity may antagonize aldosterone action in the promotion of fecal sodium excretion. These findings help us understand the hormonal mechanism controlling sodium excretion the intestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiabing Gu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Medical School, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenguo Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Medical School, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Meiling He
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Medical School, Suzhou 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu Q, Li S, Zhang X, Dong N. Type II Transmembrane Serine Proteases as Modulators in Adipose Tissue Phenotype and Function. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1794. [PMID: 37509434 PMCID: PMC10376093 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a crucial organ in energy metabolism and thermoregulation. Adipose tissue phenotype is controlled by various signaling mechanisms under pathophysiological conditions. Type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) are a group of trypsin-like enzymes anchoring on the cell surface. These proteases act in diverse tissues to regulate physiological processes, such as food digestion, salt-water balance, iron metabolism, epithelial integrity, and auditory nerve development. More recently, several members of the TTSP family, namely, hepsin, matriptase-2, and corin, have been shown to play a role in regulating lipid metabolism, adipose tissue phenotype, and thermogenesis, via direct growth factor activation or indirect hormonal mechanisms. In mice, hepsin deficiency increases adipose browning and protects from high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Similarly, matriptase-2 deficiency increases fat lipolysis and reduces obesity and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-fed mice. In contrast, corin deficiency increases white adipose weights and cell sizes, suppresses adipocyte browning and thermogenic responses, and causes cold intolerance in mice. These findings highlight an important role of TTSPs in modifying cellular phenotype and function in adipose tissue. In this review, we provide a brief description about TTSPs and discuss recent findings regarding the role of hepsin, matriptase-2, and corin in regulating adipose tissue phenotype, energy metabolism, and thermogenic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xianrui Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Binder NK, Beard S, de Alwis N, Fato BR, Nguyen TV, Kaitu’u-Lino TJ, Hannan NJ. Investigating the Effects of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide on the Maternal Endothelium to Determine Potential Implications for Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076182. [PMID: 37047162 PMCID: PMC10094118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is associated with an increased lifelong risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is not clear whether this is induced by persistent systemic organ and vascular damage following preeclampsia or due to a predisposition to both conditions that share cardiovascular pathophysiology. Common to both CVD and preeclampsia is the dysregulation of corin and its proteolytic product, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). ANP, a hypotensive hormone converted from pro-ANP by corin, is involved in blood pressure homeostasis. While corin is predominantly a cardiac enzyme, both corin and pro-ANP are significantly upregulated in the gravid uterus and dysregulated in preeclampsia. Relatively little is known about ANP function in the endothelium during a pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia. Here, we investigated the effect of ANP on endothelial cell proliferation and migration, markers of endothelial dysfunction, and receptor expression in omental arteries exposed to circulating preeclamptic toxins. ANP receptor expression is significantly upregulated in preeclamptic vasculature but not because of exposure to preeclampsia toxins tumour necrosis factor α or soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1. The supplementation of endothelial cells with ANP did not promote proliferation or migration, nor did ANP improve markers of endothelial dysfunction. The role of ANP in preeclampsia is unlikely to be via endothelial pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K. Binder
- Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function in Pregnancy Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Sally Beard
- Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function in Pregnancy Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Natasha de Alwis
- Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function in Pregnancy Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Bianca R. Fato
- Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function in Pregnancy Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Tuong-Vi Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Diagnostics Discovery and Reverse Translation Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Tu’uhevaha J. Kaitu’u-Lino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Diagnostics Discovery and Reverse Translation Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Natalie J. Hannan
- Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function in Pregnancy Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +613-8458-4371
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang X, Li W, Zhou T, Liu M, Wu Q, Dong N. Corin Deficiency Alters Adipose Tissue Phenotype and Impairs Thermogenesis in Mice. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081101. [PMID: 35892957 PMCID: PMC9329919 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a key regulator in body fluid balance and cardiovascular biology. In addition to its role in enhancing natriuresis and vasodilation, ANP increases lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissue. Corin is a protease responsible for ANP activation. It remains unknown if corin has a role in regulating adipose tissue function. Here, we examined adipose tissue morphology and function in corin knockout (KO) mice. We observed increased weights and cell sizes in white adipose tissue (WAT), decreased levels of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), a brown adipocyte marker in WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT), and suppressed thermogenic gene expression in BAT from corin KO mice. At regular room temperature, corin KO and wild-type mice had similar metabolic rates. Upon cold exposure at 4 °C, corin KO mice exhibited impaired thermogenic responses and developed hypothermia. In BAT from corin KO mice, the signaling pathway of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor c coactivator 1a, and Ucp1 was impaired. In cell culture, ANP treatment increased Ucp1 expression in BAT-derived adipocytes from corin KO mice. These data indicate that corin mediated-ANP activation is an important hormonal mechanism in regulating adipose tissue function and body temperature upon cold exposure in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianrui Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.Z.); (W.L.); (T.Z.); (M.L.)
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wenguo Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.Z.); (W.L.); (T.Z.); (M.L.)
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.Z.); (W.L.); (T.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.Z.); (W.L.); (T.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.Z.); (W.L.); (T.Z.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (N.D.)
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.Z.); (W.L.); (T.Z.); (M.L.)
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (N.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li G, Huang S, Liu X, Du Q. Potential biomarkers and molecular mechanisms in preeclampsia progression. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:529-543. [PMID: 35647297 PMCID: PMC9123303 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study aimed to explore potential biomarkers and molecular mechanisms in preeclampsia (PE) progression. Gene expression profiles of GSE147776 and GSE96984 were downloaded, followed by the identification of common differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs) and common differentially expressed lncRNAs (co-DElncRNAs) in PE patients between the two datasets. Key genes were identified using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), followed by functional enrichment analyses. Subsequently, the miRNAs of key genes and miRNA-related lncRNAs were predicted, followed by the construction of the lncRNA–miRNA–gene ceRNA network. Furthermore, the key genes associated with different gestational stages were identified. As a result, 192 co-DEGs and 16 co-DElncRNAs were revealed from the two datasets. Based on two outstanding PE-associated pathways, including glaucoma and PE, identified by GSEA, ten key genes, including IGFBP1, CORIN, and C3, were revealed. Key genes, including IL1A and IL1B, were enriched in the developmental process involved in reproduction. Furthermore, ceRNAs, such as LINC00473-miR-4476-IL1A, LINC00473-miR-1291-IL1B, and NAV2-AS4-miR-6131-REN, were identified. Moreover, REN expression was significantly upregulated in the first- and second-trimester placentae compared to C-section-term placentae. In conclusion, these key genes may serve as novel biomarkers for PE. The detection of REN expression may help in the early prediction of PE and the initiation of prophylactic medical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Li
- Department of Reproductive Immunology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , 200092 , China
| | - Shijia Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , 200092 , China
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , 200092 , China
| | - Qiaoling Du
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , 200092 , China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Corin: A Key Mediator in Sodium Homeostasis, Vascular Remodeling, and Heart Failure. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050717. [PMID: 35625445 PMCID: PMC9138375 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is an important hormone that regulates many physiological and pathological processes, including electrolyte and body fluid balance, blood volume and pressure, cardiac channel activity and function, inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, and vascular remodeling. Corin is a transmembrane serine protease that activates ANP. Variants in the CORIN gene are associated with cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and preeclampsia. The current data indicate a key role of corin-mediated ANP production and signaling in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the latest findings regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the role of corin in sodium homeostasis, uterine spiral artery remodeling, and heart failure. Abstract Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a crucial element of the cardiac endocrine function that promotes natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation, thereby protecting normal blood pressure and cardiac function. Corin is a type II transmembrane serine protease that is highly expressed in the heart, where it converts the ANP precursor to mature ANP. Corin deficiency prevents ANP activation and causes hypertension and heart disease. In addition to the heart, corin is expressed in other tissues, including those of the kidney, skin, and uterus, where corin-mediated ANP production and signaling act locally to promote sodium excretion and vascular remodeling. These results indicate that corin and ANP function in many tissues via endocrine and autocrine mechanisms. In heart failure patients, impaired natriuretic peptide processing is a common pathological mechanism that contributes to sodium and body fluid retention. In this review, we discuss most recent findings regarding the role of corin in non-cardiac tissues, including the kidney and skin, in regulating sodium homeostasis and body fluid excretion. Moreover, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying corin and ANP function in supporting orderly cellular events in uterine spiral artery remodeling. Finally, we assess the potential of corin-based approaches to enhance natriuretic peptide production and activity as a treatment of heart failure.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang W, Zhou Y, Dong Y, Liu W, Li H, Song W. Correlation between N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide, corin, and target organ damage in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2022; 24:644-651. [PMID: 35199942 PMCID: PMC9106090 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the correlation between N‐terminal pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide (NT‐proANP), corin and the severity of target organ injury in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. A total of 78 women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and 49 normotensive pregnancies were enrolled. The clinical characteristics, laboratory index and echocardiogram results were collected. NT‐proANP, corin, sFlt‐1 and PlGF levels were measured. A receiver's operating characteristics (ROC) curve was performed to evaluate the efficacy of predicting target organ injury in the HDP group. The NT‐proANP, corin, and sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio were increased in the HDP group (p < .05). The area under the curve (AUC) predicted by NT‐proANP and corin were larger than sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio (0.779, 0.867, and 0.766, respectively). The creatinine and urine protein were significantly increased, while the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was dramatically decreased in the HDP group (p < .05 each). The left atrial diameter (LAD), left atrial volume index (LAVI), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), and left ventricular septal thickness (LVST) were larger in the HDP group (p < .001 each). The NT‐proANP/corin levels were positively correlated with LAD, creatinine, and urine protein, and negatively correlated with eGFR in HDP group (p < .05 each). Multiple regressions demonstrated that NT‐proANP was an independent risk factor of LAD and urine protein, and corin was an independent risk factor of creatinine and eGFR in HDP group. NT‐proANP and corin may be reliable biomarkers for evaluating the severity of target organ damage in the hypertensive disorders of pregnant patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, DaLian Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, DaLian Liaoning, China
| | - Yubing Dong
- Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, DaLian Liaoning, China
| | - Wanyu Liu
- Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, DaLian Liaoning, China
| | - Haiying Li
- The Dalian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, DaLian Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, DaLian Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang W, Li S, Lou J, Li H, Liu M, Dong N, Wu Q. Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes uterine decidualization and a TRAIL-dependent mechanism in spiral artery remodeling. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e151053. [PMID: 34473650 DOI: 10.1172/jci151053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is an important hormone in cardiovascular biology. It is activated by the protease corin. In pregnancy, ANP and corin promote uterine spiral artery remodeling, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here we report an ANP function in uterine decidualization and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-dependent (TRAIL-dependent) death in spiral arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). In ANP- or corin-deficient mice, uterine decidualization markers and TRAIL expression were decreased, whereas in cultured human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs), ANP increased decidualization and TRAIL expression. In uterine spiral arteries from pregnant wild-type mice, SMC and EC loss occurred sequentially before trophoblast invasion. In culture, TRAIL from decidualized HESCs induced apoptosis in uterine SMCs, but not in ECs with low TRAIL receptor expression. Subsequently, cyclophilin B was identified from apoptotic SMCs that upregulated endothelial TRAIL receptor and caused apoptosis in ECs. These results indicate that ANP promotes decidualization and TRAIL expression in endometrial stromal cells, contributing to sequential events in remodeling of spiral arteries, including SMC death and cyclophilin B release, which in turn induces TRAIL receptor expression and apoptosis in ECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuo Li
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jinglei Lou
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Central Laboratory and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Function and regulation of corin in physiology and disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1905-1916. [PMID: 33125488 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is of major importance in the maintenance of electrolyte balance and normal blood pressure. Reduced plasma ANP levels are associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Corin is a type II transmembrane serine protease that converts the ANP precursor to mature ANP. Corin deficiency prevents ANP generation and alters electrolyte and body fluid homeostasis. Corin is synthesized as a zymogen that is proteolytically activated on the cell surface. Factors that disrupt corin folding, intracellular trafficking, cell surface expression, and zymogen activation are expected to impair corin function. To date, CORIN variants that reduce corin activity have been identified in hypertensive patients. In addition to the heart, corin expression has been detected in non-cardiac tissues, where corin and ANP participate in diverse physiological processes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge in corin biosynthesis and post-translational modifications. We also discuss tissue-specific corin expression and function in physiology and disease.
Collapse
|
13
|
N-glycan in the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain of hepsin promotes intracellular trafficking and cell surface expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:818-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
14
|
He M, Zhang Y, Li H, Liu M, Dong N, Wu Q. A common CORIN variant in hypertension reduces corin intracellular trafficking by exposing an inhibitory N-terminus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
15
|
Krüppel-like factor 17 upregulates uterine corin expression and promotes spiral artery remodeling in pregnancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19425-19434. [PMID: 32719113 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003913117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiral artery remodeling is an important physiological process in the pregnant uterus which increases blood flow to the fetus. Impaired spiral artery remodeling contributes to preeclampsia, a major disease in pregnancy. Corin, a transmembrane serine protease, is up-regulated in the pregnant uterus to promote spiral artery remodeling. To date, the mechanism underlying uterine corin up-regulation remains unknown. Here we show that Krüppel-like factor (KLF) 17 is a key transcription factor for uterine corin expression in pregnancy. In cultured human uterine endometrial cells, KLF17 binds to the CORIN promoter and enhances the promoter activity. Disruption of the KLF17 gene in the endometrial cells abolishes CORIN expression. In mice, Klf17 is up-regulated in the pregnant uterus. Klf17 deficiency prevents uterine Corin expression in pregnancy. Moreover, Klf17-deficient mice have poorly remodeled uterine spiral arteries and develop gestational hypertension and proteinuria. Together, our results reveal an important function of KLF17 in regulating Corin expression and uterine physiology in pregnancy.
Collapse
|
16
|
Disorders of FZ-CRD; insights towards FZ-CRD folding and therapeutic landscape. Mol Med 2019; 26:4. [PMID: 31892318 PMCID: PMC6938638 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ER is hub for protein folding. Proteins that harbor a Frizzled cysteine-rich domain (FZ-CRD) possess 10 conserved cysteine motifs held by a unique disulfide bridge pattern which attains a correct fold in the ER. Little is known about implications of disease-causing missense mutations within FZ-CRD families. Mutations in FZ-CRD of Frizzled class receptor 4 (FZD4) and Muscle, skeletal, receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) and Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) cause Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (CMS), and Robinow Syndrome (RS) respectively. We highlight reported pathogenic inherited missense mutations in FZ-CRD of FZD4, MuSK and ROR2 which misfold, and traffic abnormally in the ER, with ER-associated degradation (ERAD) as a common pathogenic mechanism for disease. Our review shows that all studied FZ-CRD mutants of RS, FEVR and CMS result in misfolded proteins and/or partially misfolded proteins with an ERAD fate, thus we coin them as “disorders of FZ-CRD”. Abnormal trafficking was demonstrated in 17 of 29 mutants studied; 16 mutants were within and/or surrounding the FZ-CRD with two mutants distant from FZ-CRD. These ER-retained mutants were improperly N-glycosylated confirming ER-localization. FZD4 and MuSK mutants were tagged with polyubiquitin chains confirming targeting for proteasomal degradation. Investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these mutations is important since misfolded protein and ER-targeted therapies are in development. The P344R-MuSK kinase mutant showed around 50% of its in-vitro autophosphorylation activity and P344R-MuSK increased two-fold on proteasome inhibition. M105T-FZD4, C204Y-FZD4, and P344R-MuSK mutants are thermosensitive and therefore, might benefit from extending the investigation to a larger number of chemical chaperones and/or proteasome inhibitors. Nonetheless, FZ-CRD ER-lipidation it less characterized in the literature and recent structural data sheds light on the importance of lipidation in protein glycosylation, proper folding, and ER trafficking. Current treatment strategies in-place for the conformational disease landscape is highlighted. From this review, we envision that disorders of FZ-CRD might be receptive to therapies that target FZ-CRD misfolding, regulation of fatty acids, and/or ER therapies; thus paving the way for a newly explored paradigm to treat different diseases with common defects.
Collapse
|
17
|
Das NS, Dheen ST, Ling EA, Bay BH, Srinivasan DK. Therapeutic Prospects in Preeclampsia - A Mini-Review. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4786-4798. [PMID: 30836908 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190228115423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclapmsia (PE) is characterized by early onset symptoms such as elevated blood pressure, proteinuria and edema in the pregnant woman, and may result in seizures in the affected female. Currently, there are no therapeutic drugs available to treat this condition, but there are interventions to regulate the symptoms based on the gestational period of the fetus, although the largely favored option is delivery of the fetus and placenta. OBJECTIVE A search for biomolecules associated with PE was conducted so as to identify diagnostic markers and therapeutic leads. RESULTS The literature search resulted in the identification of biomolecules such as Corin and Placental Protein 13 (PP13), among others that are associated with PE. Thereby, giving an insight into the various mechanistic pathways involved in the causation of PE. However, it is also evident that PE cannot be solely attributed to any single mechanism but is due to an interplay of different factors that have led to the development of this disease condition. CONCLUSION The identified biomarkers would ultimately help in understanding this complex disease and perhaps lead to the discovery of potential effective molecular targets for clinical trials, thereby providing a valuable therapeutic option for affected pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N S Das
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S T Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E A Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - B H Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - D K Srinivasan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Goettig P, Brandstetter H, Magdolen V. Surface loops of trypsin-like serine proteases as determinants of function. Biochimie 2019; 166:52-76. [PMID: 31505212 PMCID: PMC7615277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trypsin and chymotrypsin-like serine proteases from family S1 (clan PA) constitute the largest protease group in humans and more generally in vertebrates. The prototypes chymotrypsin, trypsin and elastase represent simple digestive proteases in the gut, where they cleave nearly any protein. Multidomain trypsin-like proteases are key players in the tightly controlled blood coagulation and complement systems, as well as related proteases that are secreted from diverse immune cells. Some serine proteases are expressed in nearly all tissues and fluids of the human body, such as the human kallikreins and kallikrein-related peptidases with specialization for often unique substrates and accurate timing of activity. HtrA and membrane-anchored serine proteases fulfill important physiological tasks with emerging roles in cancer. The high diversity of all family members, which share the tandem β-barrel architecture of the chymotrypsin-fold in the catalytic domain, is conferred by the large differences of eight surface loops, surrounding the active site. The length of these loops alters with insertions and deletions, resulting in remarkably different three-dimensional arrangements. In addition, metal binding sites for Na+, Ca2+ and Zn2+ serve as regulatory elements, as do N-glycosylation sites. Depending on the individual tasks of the protease, the surface loops determine substrate specificity, control the turnover and allow regulation of activation, activity and degradation by other proteins, which are often serine proteases themselves. Most intriguingly, in some serine proteases, the surface loops interact as allosteric network, partially tuned by protein co-factors. Knowledge of these subtle and complicated molecular motions may allow nowadays for new and specific pharmaceutical or medical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Goettig
- Division of Structural Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Hans Brandstetter
- Division of Structural Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Viktor Magdolen
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Autoactivation and calpain-1-mediated shedding of hepsin in human hepatoma cells. Biochem J 2019; 476:2355-2369. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHepsin is a transmembrane serine protease implicated in many biological processes, including hepatocyte growth, urinary protein secretion, auditory nerve development, and cancer metastasis. Zymogen activation is critical for hepsin function. To date, how hepsin is activated and regulated in cells remains an enigma. In this study, we conducted site-directed mutagenesis, cell expression, plasma membrane protein labeling, trypsin digestion, Western blotting, and flow cytometry experiments in human hepatoma HepG2 cells, where hepsin was originally discovered, and SMMC-7721 cells. Our results show that hepsin is activated by autocatalysis on the cell surface but not intracellularly. Moreover, we show that hepsin undergoes ectodomain shedding. In the conditioned medium from HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells, we detected a soluble fragment comprising nearly the entire extracellular region of hepsin. By testing protease inhibitors, gene knockdown, and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified calpain-1 as a primary protease that acted extracellularly to cleave Tyr52 in the juxtamembrane space of hepsin. These results provide new insights into the biochemical and cellular mechanisms that regulate hepsin expression and activity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang H, Wang L, Li S, Dong N, Wu Q. N-Glycan-calnexin interactions in human factor VII secretion and deficiency. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 113:67-74. [PMID: 31185295 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Factor VII (FVII) is a key serine protease in blood coagulation. N-glycosylation in FVII has been shown to be critical for protein secretion. To date, however, the underlying biochemical mechanism remains unclear. Recently, we found that N-glycans in the transmembrane serine protease corin are critical for calnexin-assisted protein folding and extracellular expression. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that N-glycans in the FVII protease domain mediate calnexin-assisted protein folding and that naturally occurring F7 mutations abolishing N-glycosylation impair FVII secretion. We expressed human FVII wild-type (WT) and mutant proteins lacking one or both N-glycosylation sites in HEK293 and HepG2 cells in the presence or absence of a glucosidase inhibitor. FVII expression, secretion and binding to endoplasmic reticulum chaperones were examined by immune staining, co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, and ELISA. We found that N-glycosylation at N360 in the protease domain, but not N183 in the pro-peptide domain, of human FVII is required for protein secretion. Elimination of N-glycosylation at N360 impaired calnexin-assisted FVII folding and secretion. Similar results were observed in WT FVII when N-glycan-calnexin interaction was blocked by glucosidase inhibition. Naturally occurring F7 mutations abolishing N-glycosylation at N360 reduced FVII secretion in HEK293 and HepG2 cells. These results indicate that N-glycans in the FVII protease domain mediate calnexin-assisted protein folding and subsequent extracellular expression. Naturally occurring F7 mutations abolishing N-glycosylation in FVII may impair this mechanism, thereby reducing FVII levels in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- From Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lina Wang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuo Li
- From Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- From Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yan R, Liu M, Hu Y, Wang L, Wang C, Jiang Y, Zhou Q, Qi X, Dong N, Wu Q. Ectopic expression of human airway trypsin-like protease 4 in acute myeloid leukemia promotes cancer cell invasion and tumor growth. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2348-2359. [PMID: 30843660 PMCID: PMC6537003 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane serine proteases have been implicated in the development and progression of solid and hematological cancers. Human airway trypsin-like protease 4 (HAT-L4) is a transmembrane serine protease expressed in epithelial cells and exocrine glands. In the skin, HAT-L4 is important for normal epidermal barrier function. Here, we report an unexpected finding of ectopic HAT-L4 expression in neutrophils and monocytes from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Such expression was not detected in bone marrow cells from normal individuals or patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In AML patients who underwent chemotherapy, persistent HAT-L4 expression in bone marrow cells was associated with minimal residual disease and poor prognostic outcomes. In culture, silencing HAT-L4 expression in AML-derived THP-1 cells by short hairpin RNAs inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation and Matrigel invasion. In mouse xenograft models, inhibition of HAT-L4 expression reduced the proliferation and growth of THP-1 cell-derived tumors. Our results indicate that ectopic HAT-L4 expression is a pathological mechanism in AML and that HAT-L4 may be used as a cell surface marker for AML blast detection and targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhong Yan
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yae Hu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Can Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Jiang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Qi
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou, China.,Department of Urology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine of Geriatric Disease, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine of Geriatric Disease, Suzhou, China.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rubattu S, Forte M, Marchitti S, Volpe M. Molecular Implications of Natriuretic Peptides in the Protection from Hypertension and Target Organ Damage Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E798. [PMID: 30781751 PMCID: PMC6412747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hypertension, as a multifactorial trait, is complex. High blood pressure levels, in turn, concur with the development of cardiovascular damage. Abnormalities of several neurohormonal mechanisms controlling blood pressure homeostasis and cardiovascular remodeling can contribute to these pathological conditions. The natriuretic peptide (NP) family (including ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide), BNP (brain natriuretic peptide), and CNP (C-type natriuretic peptide)), the NP receptors (NPRA, NPRB, and NPRC), and the related protease convertases (furin, corin, and PCSK6) constitute the NP system and represent relevant protective mechanisms toward the development of hypertension and associated conditions, such as atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and renal injury. Initially, several experimental studies performed in different animal models demonstrated a key role of the NP system in the development of hypertension. Importantly, these studies provided relevant insights for a better comprehension of the pathogenesis of hypertension and related cardiovascular phenotypes in humans. Thus, investigation of the role of NPs in hypertension offers an excellent example in translational medicine. In this review article, we will summarize the most compelling evidence regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological and pathological impact of NPs on blood pressure regulation and on hypertension development. We will also discuss the protective effect of NPs toward the increased susceptibility to hypertensive target organ damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy.
| | | | | | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang H, He M, Willard B, Wu Q. Cross-linking, Immunoprecipitation and Proteomic Analysis to Identify Interacting Proteins in Cultured Cells. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3258. [PMID: 31528665 PMCID: PMC6746336 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular expression is essential for the function of secreted and cell surface proteins. Proper intracellular trafficking depends on protein interactions in multiple subcellular compartments. Co-immunoprecipitation and the yeast two-hybrid system are commonly used to investigate protein-protein interactions. These methods, however, depend on high-affinity protein interactions. In many glycoproteins, glycans are important for protein intracellular trafficking and extracellular expression. If glycoprotein interactions are transient and relatively weak, it may be challenging to use co-immunoprecipitation or the two-hybrid system to identify glycoprotein-binding partners. To circumvent this problem, protein cross-linking can be applied first to immobilize the transient and/or low-affinity protein interactions. Here we describe a protocol of protein cross-linking, co-immunoprecipitation, and proteomic analysis, which was used to identify endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones critical for the folding and ER exiting of N-glycosylated serine proteases in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. This approach can be used to identify other protein interactions in a variety of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - Meiling He
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.,Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hu Y, Li H, Yan R, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang C, Liu M, Zhou T, Zhu W, Zhang H, Dong N, Wu Q. Increased Neutrophil Activation and Plasma DNA Levels in Patients with Pre-Eclampsia. Thromb Haemost 2018; 118:2064-2073. [PMID: 30453347 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a chronic inflammatory disease in pregnancy, which is associated with enhanced blood coagulation and high thrombotic risk. To date, the mechanisms underlying such an association are not fully understood. Previous studies reported high levels of plasma deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in PE women, but the cellular source of the circulation DNA remains unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that activated neutrophils undergoing cell death, also called NETosis, may be responsible for the elevated plasma DNA levels in PE women. We analysed plasma samples from non-pregnant, normal pregnant and PE women and found high levels of double-stranded DNA, myeloperoxidase (an abundant neutrophil granular enzyme) and histones (the major nucleosome proteins) in PE-derived samples, indicating increased NETosis in the maternal circulation. The high plasma DNA levels positively correlated with enhanced blood coagulation in PE women. When isolated neutrophils from normal individuals were incubated with PE-derived plasma, an elevated NETosis-stimulating activity was detected. Further experiments showed that endothelial micro-particles, but not soluble proteins, in the plasma were primarily responsible for the NETosis-stimulating activity in PE women. These results indicate that circulating micro-particles from damaged maternal endothelium are a potent stimulator for neutrophil activation and NETosis in PE women. Given the pro-coagulant and pro-thrombotic nature of granular and nuclear contents from neutrophils, enhanced systemic NETosis may represent an important mechanism underlying the hyper-coagulability and increased thrombotic risk in PE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yae Hu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruhong Yan
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Can Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weipei Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pregnancy-Associated Cardiac Hypertrophy in Corin-Deficient Mice: Observations in a Transgenic Model of Preeclampsia. Can J Cardiol 2018; 35:68-76. [PMID: 30595185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia increases the risk of heart disease. Defects in the protease corin, including the variant T555I/Q568P found in approximately 12% of blacks, have been associated with preeclampsia and cardiac hypertrophy. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of corin and the T555I/Q568P variant in preeclampsia-associated cardiac alterations using genetically modified mouse models. METHODS Virgin wild-type (WT) and corin knockout mice with or without a cardiac WT corin or T555I/Q568P variant transgene were mated at 3 or 6 months of age. Age- and genotype-matched virgin mice were used as controls. Cardiac morphology and function were assessed at gestational day 18.5 or 28 days postpartum by histologic and echocardiographic analyses. RESULTS Pregnant corin knockout mice at gestational day 18.5 developed cardiac hypertrophy. Such a pregnancy-associated phenotype was not found in WT or corin knockout mice with a cardiac WT corin transgene. Pregnant corin knockout mice with a cardiac T555I/Q568P variant transgene developed cardiac hypertrophy similar to that in pregnant corin knockout mice. The cardiac hypertrophy persisted postpartum in corin knockout mice and was worse if the mice were mated at 6 instead of 3 months of age. There was no hypertrophy-associated decrease in cardiac function in pregnant corin knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS In mice, corin deficiency causes cardiac hypertrophy during pregnancy. Replacement of cardiac WT corin, but not the T555I/Q568P variant found in blacks, rescues this phenotype, indicating a local antihypertrophic function of corin in the heart. Corin deficiency may represent an underlying mechanism in preeclampsia-associated cardiomyopathies.
Collapse
|
26
|
Yu R, Han X, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang T. Circulating soluble corin as a potential biomarker for cardiovascular diseases: A translational review. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 485:106-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
27
|
Wang H, Li S, Wang J, Chen S, Sun XL, Wu Q. N-glycosylation in the protease domain of trypsin-like serine proteases mediates calnexin-assisted protein folding. eLife 2018; 7:e35672. [PMID: 29889025 PMCID: PMC6021170 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypsin-like serine proteases are essential in physiological processes. Studies have shown that N-glycans are important for serine protease expression and secretion, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we report a common mechanism of N-glycosylation in the protease domains of corin, enteropeptidase and prothrombin in calnexin-mediated glycoprotein folding and extracellular expression. This mechanism, which is independent of calreticulin and operates in a domain-autonomous manner, involves two steps: direct calnexin binding to target proteins and subsequent calnexin binding to monoglucosylated N-glycans. Elimination of N-glycosylation sites in the protease domains of corin, enteropeptidase and prothrombin inhibits corin and enteropeptidase cell surface expression and prothrombin secretion in transfected HEK293 cells. Similarly, knocking down calnexin expression in cultured cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes reduced corin cell surface expression and prothrombin secretion, respectively. Our results suggest that this may be a general mechanism in the trypsin-like serine proteases with N-glycosylation sites in their protease domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Molecular CardiologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of ChemistryCleveland State UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Shuo Li
- Molecular CardiologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Juejin Wang
- Molecular CardiologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Shenghan Chen
- Molecular CardiologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Molecular CardiologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of ChemistryCleveland State UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringCleveland State UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Center for Gene Regulation of Health and DiseaseCleveland State UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Molecular CardiologyCleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of ChemistryCleveland State UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Cyrus Tang Hematology CenterState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hu Y, Yan R, Zhang C, Zhou Z, Liu M, Wang C, Zhang H, Dong L, Zhou T, Wu Y, Dong N, Wu Q. High-Mobility Group Box 1 From Hypoxic Trophoblasts Promotes Endothelial Microparticle Production and Thrombophilia in Preeclampsia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1381-1391. [PMID: 29650693 PMCID: PMC5970057 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thrombophilia is a major complication in preeclampsia, a disease associated with placental hypoxia and trophoblast inflammation. Preeclampsia women are known to have increased circulating microparticles that are procoagulant, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we sought to understand the mechanism connecting placental hypoxia, circulating microparticles, and thrombophilia. APPROACH AND RESULTS We analyzed protein markers on plasma microparticles from preeclampsia women and found that the increased circulating microparticles were mostly from endothelial cells. In proteomic studies, we identified HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1), a proinflammatory protein, as a key factor from hypoxic trophoblasts in stimulating microparticle production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Immunodepletion or inhibition of HMGB1 in the conditioned medium from hypoxic human trophoblasts abolished the endothelial microparticle-stimulating activity. Conversely, recombinant HMGB1 stimulated microparticle production in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The microparticles from recombinant HMGB1-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells promoted blood coagulation and neutrophil activation in vitro. Injection of recombinant HMGB1 in pregnant mice increased plasma endothelial microparticles and promoted blood coagulation. In preeclampsia women, elevated placental HMGB1 expression was detected and high levels of plasma HMGB1 correlated with increased plasma endothelial microparticles. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that placental hypoxia-induced HMGB1 expression and release from trophoblasts are important mechanism underlying increased circulating endothelial microparticles and thrombophilia in preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yae Hu
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (Y.H., R.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., M.L., C.W., L.D., T.Z., Y.W., N.D., Q.W.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Nantong University, China (Y.H.)
| | - Ruhong Yan
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (Y.H., R.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., M.L., C.W., L.D., T.Z., Y.W., N.D., Q.W.)
| | - Ce Zhang
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (Y.H., R.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., M.L., C.W., L.D., T.Z., Y.W., N.D., Q.W.)
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (Y.H., R.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., M.L., C.W., L.D., T.Z., Y.W., N.D., Q.W.)
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (Z.Z., N.D.)
| | - Meng Liu
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (Y.H., R.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., M.L., C.W., L.D., T.Z., Y.W., N.D., Q.W.)
| | - Can Wang
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (Y.H., R.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., M.L., C.W., L.D., T.Z., Y.W., N.D., Q.W.)
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.Z.)
| | - Liang Dong
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (Y.H., R.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., M.L., C.W., L.D., T.Z., Y.W., N.D., Q.W.)
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (Y.H., R.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., M.L., C.W., L.D., T.Z., Y.W., N.D., Q.W.)
| | - Yi Wu
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (Y.H., R.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., M.L., C.W., L.D., T.Z., Y.W., N.D., Q.W.)
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (Y.H., R.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., M.L., C.W., L.D., T.Z., Y.W., N.D., Q.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou, China (N.D., Q.W.)
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (Z.Z., N.D.)
| | - Qingyu Wu
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (Y.H., R.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., M.L., C.W., L.D., T.Z., Y.W., N.D., Q.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou, China (N.D., Q.W.)
- Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (Q.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen YL, Li TJ, Hao Y, Wu BG, Li H, Geng N, Sun ZQ, Zheng LQ, Sun YX. Association of rs2271037 and rs3749585 polymorphisms in CORIN with susceptibility to hypertension in a Chinese Han population: A case-control study. Gene 2018; 651:79-85. [PMID: 29391274 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Corins are membrane-bound protease that regulates blood pressure by activating the natriuretic peptides. These pro-atrial natriuretic peptide convertases are essential for sodium homeostasis and normal blood pressure. CORIN variants have been identified in humans and other animals, but no studies of CORIN polymorphisms have been conducted in northeastern China. This study aims to investigate the association of 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CORIN (rs2271037 and rs3749585) with hypertension, as well as their potential interactions with some risk factors of hypertension in a Han population of northeastern China. A case-control study, including 402 patients with hypertension and 406 participants with normal blood pressure, was conducted in Liaoning province. SNP genotyping was carried out by high resolution melting (HRM) after polymerase chain reaction amplifications. Since rs3749585 is located in 3' untranslated region (UTR) of CORIN, in silico analysis was used to predict target micro RNAs on TargetScan, miRanda, and DIANA-microT. As a result, mutant T allele in rs2271037 (odds ratio [OR], 1.693; 95% confidence [CI], 1.528-1.877; p < 0.001) and C allele in rs3749585 (OR, 1.114; 95% CI 1.011-1.227; p = 0.029) increased the risk of hypertension, comparing with wild G allele and T allele, respectively. Patients with genotype TT (OR, 10.209; 95% CI, 6.414-16.250; p < 0.001) and GT (OR, 1.730; 95% CI, 1.226-2.443; p = 0.002) have higher risk of hypertension than those with genotype GG. SNP rs2271037 was significantly associated with susceptibility to hypertension in all genetic models (dominant model: OR, 2.879; 95% CI, 2.080-3.986; p < 0.001; recessive model: OR, 7.159; 95% CI, 4.779-10.724; p < 0.001; additive model: OR, 1.535; 95% CI, 1.163-2.027; p = 0.002). SNP rs3749585 was significantly correlated with hypertension susceptibility only in dominant model (OR, 1.533; 95% CI, 1.073-2.189; p = 0.019), but not in recessive model (OR, 1.220; 95% CI, 0.906-1.644; p = 0.191) or additive model (OR, 0.915; 95% CI, 0.694-1.205; p = 0.527). After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum sodium level in logistic models, the same statistical results were obtained. Interaction study showed the association between CORIN polymorphisms and hypertension could be changed by overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). In silico analyses implicated hsa-miR-495 as a target miRNA that potentially interacts with the 3' UTR of CORIN. In conclusion, polymorphisms of rs2271037 and rs3749585 in CORIN were significantly associated with hypertension in a Han population of northeastern China. The mutant-type T allele of rs2271037 and C allele of rs3749585 might increase the susceptibility to hypertension in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tie-Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ying Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinqiu Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Bao-Gang Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ning Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zhao-Qing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Li-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Library, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ying-Xian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gu Y, Thompson D, Xu J, Lewis DF, Morgan JA, Cooper DB, McCathran CE, Wang Y. Aberrant pro-atrial natriuretic peptide/corin/natriuretic peptide receptor signaling is present in maternal vascular endothelium in preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2017. [PMID: 29523263 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Corin is a serine protease that converts pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a cardiac hormone that regulates salt-water balance and blood pressure. ANP is degraded by natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR). This study was to determine if aberrant pro-ANP/corin/NPR signaling is present in maternal vascular system in preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN Maternal venous blood was obtained from 197 pregnant women (84 normotensive, 16 complicated with chronic hypertension (CHT), 11 mild and 86 severe preeclampsia). Plasma corin and pro-ANP concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Maternal subcutaneous fat tissue was obtained from 12 pregnant women with cesarean section delivery (6 normotensive and 6 preeclampsia). Vascular ANP and its receptors NPR-A, NPR-B, and NPR-C expression were examined by immunostaining of paraffin embedded subcutaneous fat tissue sections. RESULTS Corin concentrations were significantly higher in mild (2.78 ± 0.67 ng/ml, p < .05) and severe (2.53 ± 0.18 ng/ml, p < .01) preeclampsia than in normotensive (1.58 ± 0.08 ng/ml) and CHT (1.55 ± 0.20 ng/ml) groups. Pro-ANP concentrations were significantly higher in CHT (1.59 ± 0.53 ng/ml, p < .05) and severe preeclampsia (1.42 ± 0.24 ng/ml, p < .01) than in normotensive (0.48 ± 0.06 ng/ml) and mild preeclampsia (0.52 ± 0.09 ng/ml) groups. ANP and NPR-B expression was undetectable in maternal vessels from normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies, but reduced NPR-A expression and increased NPR-C expression was found in maternal vessel endothelium in preeclampsia. CONCLUSIONS ANP is a vasodilator and NPR-C is a clearance receptor for ANP. The finding of upregulation of NPR-C expression suggests that circulating ANP clearance or degradation is increased in preeclampsia. These results also suggest that pro-ANP/corin/NPR signaling is dominant in the vascular system in preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Donna Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - David F Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - John A Morgan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Danielle B Cooper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Charles E McCathran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang Y, Zhou T, Niu Y, He M, Wang C, Liu M, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Fukuda K, Qin J, Dong N, Wu Q. Identification and functional analysis of CORIN variants in hypertensive patients. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:1700-1710. [PMID: 28861913 PMCID: PMC5794343 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Corin is a serine protease that activates atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). CORIN gene variants have been reported in patients with hypertension. To date, however, the prevalence of CORIN variants in hypertensive patients remains unknown. To understand the prevalence and functional significance of CORIN variants in hypertension, we sequenced CORIN exons in 300 normal and 401 hypertensive individuals in a Chinese population and identified nine nonsynonymous variants, of which eight were not characterized previously. Among them, variants c.131A > G (p.Tyr13Cys), c.376G > T (p.Asp95Tyr), c.1094T > G (p.Leu334Trp), and c.1667G > A (p.Arg525His) occurred similarly in both normal and hypertensive individuals. Variants c1139G > A (p.Arg349His), c.2689C > T (p.Pro866Ser), and c.2864C > T (p.Thr924Met) were found once each in hypertensive individuals. Variant c.1683G > T (p.Arg530Ser) occurred preferentially in hypertensive individuals [10/401 (2.5%) vs. 1/300 (0.3%) in normal individuals; P = 0.023], which was confirmed in another independent cohort [9/368 (2.44%) in hypertensive and 2/377 (0.53%) in normal individuals; P = 0.033]. In biochemical and cell-based functional studies, variants p.Arg530Ser and p.Thr924Met, but not p.Tyr13Cys, p.Asp95Tyr, p.Leu334Trp, p.Arg349His, p.Arg525His, and p.Pro866Ser, exhibited reduced pro-ANP processing activity, which was caused by endoplasmic reticulum retention and poor zymogen activation, respectively. These results indicate that genetic variants impairing corin function are not uncommon in general populations and that such variants may be an important contributing factor in hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yayan Niu
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiling He
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Can Wang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Department of Cardiology and MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of Gerontology, the First Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Koichi Fukuda
- Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology and MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen S, Wang H, Li H, Zhang Y, Wu Q. Functional analysis of corin protein domains required for PCSK6-mediated activation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 94:31-39. [PMID: 29180304 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac hormone essential for normal blood pressure and cardiac function. Corin is a transmembrane serine protease that activates ANP. Recently, we identified proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-6 (PCSK6), also called PACE4, as the long-sought corin activator. Both corin and PCSK6 are expressed in cardiomyocytes, but corin activation occurs only on the cell surface. It remains unknown if cell membrane association is needed for PCSK6 to activate corin. Here we expressed corin deletion mutants in HEK293 cells to analyze the domain structures required for PCSK6-mediated activation. Our results show that soluble corin lacking the transmembrane domain was activated by PCSK6 in the conditioned medium but not intracellularly. Recombinant PCSK6 also activated the soluble corin under cell-free conditions. Moreover, PCSK6-mediated corin activation was not enhanced by cell membrane fractions. These results indicate that cell membrane association is unnecessary for PCSK6 to activate corin. Experiments with monensin that blocks PCSK6 secretion and immunostaining indicated that the soluble corin and PCSK6 were secreted via different intracellular pathways, which may explain the lack of corin activation inside the cell. We also found that the protein domains in the corin pro-peptide region were dispensable for PCSK6-mediated activation and that addition of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate or treatment with heparinase or chondroitinase did not alter corin activation by PCSK6 in HEK293 cells. Together, our results provide important insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying PCSK6-mediated corin activation that is critical for cardiovascular homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghan Chen
- From the Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; The Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- The Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Heng Li
- From the Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- The Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sun C, Shen L, Sha W, Zhou L, Xu D, Dong N. IL-1β increases urinary corin in patients with primary proteinuric kidney diseases and in 293 cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:487-493. [PMID: 29387201 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Corin is a serine protease that is important for the regulation of blood pressure and water balance. Corin was initially discovered in the heart, however, it has also been detected in kidney cells, though its function in the kidneys is unclear. To further investigate the function of corin in the kidney, the present study analyzed the levels of corin in urine and blood samples collected from normal individuals and patients with primary proteinuric diseases. The associations between the levels of corin, and the cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were then assessed. The results demonstrated that corin was detectable in the urine and plasma following an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; the level of corin in the urine was associated with the level of urinary β2-microglobulin (P=0.01), which was indicative of renal tubular injury. When compared with normal individuals, the levels of urinary corin in proteinuric patients were markedly increased (P=0.02), and were also associated with IL-1β (P=0.03). This correlation between corin and IL-1β was confirmed in vitro using 293 cells. As the IL-1β concentrations increased (0, 0.1, 1, 10 ng/ml), an elevation in the level of corin was observed in the culture medium (P<0.01); however, the amount of corin was not markedly altered in the cell lysate (P>0.05). In addition, when TNF-α reached 10 ng/ml, the level of corin in the medium increased significantly when compared with the control group (0 ng/ml; P=0.02), however, no significant difference in corin levels was detected in the cell lysate. The results suggest that the cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α may increase urinary corin in patients with primary proteinuric kidney diseases. Cytokines may accelerate corin shedding from the cell membrane of renal tubule epithelial cells. These findings indicate that corin may be associated with kidney inflammation and injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ci Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Wengang Sha
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Deyu Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
The Transmembrane Serine Protease HAT-like 4 Is Important for Epidermal Barrier Function to Prevent Body Fluid Loss. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45262. [PMID: 28338078 PMCID: PMC5364460 DOI: 10.1038/srep45262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound proteases are essential for epidermal integrity. Human airway trypsin-like protease 4 (HAT-L4) is a type II transmembrane serine protease. Currently, its biochemical property, cellular distribution and physiological function remain unknown. Here we examined HAT-L4 expression and function in vitro and in vivo. In Western analysis, HAT-L4 expressed in transfected CHO cells appeared as a 48-kDa protein. Flow cytometry confirmed HAT-L4 expression on the cell surface with the expected membrane topology. RT-PCR and immunostaining experiments indicated that HAT-L4 was expressed in epithelial cells and exocrine glands in tissues including skin, esophagus, trachea, tongue, eye, bladder, testis and uterus. In the skin, HAT-L4 expression was abundant in keratinocytes and sebaceous glands. We generated HAT-L4 knockout mice by disrupting the Tmprss11f gene encoding HAT-L4. HAT-L4 knockout mice were viable and fertile. No defects were found in HAT-L4 knockout mice in hair growth, wound healing, water repulsion and body temperature regulation. Compared with wild-type controls, HAT-L4-deficient newborn mice had greater body fluid loss and higher mortality in a trans-epidermal body fluid loss test. In metabolic studies, HAT-L4-deficient adult mice drank water more frequently than wild-type controls did. These results indicate that HAT-L4 is important in epidermal barrier function to prevent body fluid loss.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Corin is a transmembrane protease that activates atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), an important hormone in regulating salt-water balance and blood pressure. This review focuses on the regulation of corin function and potential roles of corin defects in hypertensive, heart, and renal diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-6 has been identified as a primary enzyme that converts zymogen corin to an active protease. Genetic variants that impair corin intracellular trafficking, cell surface expression, and zymogen activation have been found in patients with hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and pre-eclampsia. Reduced corin expression has been detected in animal models of cardiomyopathies and in human failing hearts. Low levels of circulating soluble corin have been reported in patients with heart disease and stroke. Corin, ANP and natriuretic peptide receptor-A mRNAs, and proteins have been colocalized in human renal segments, suggesting a corin-ANP autocrine function in the kidney. SUMMARY Corin is a key enzyme in the natriuretic peptide system. The latest findings indicate that corin-mediated ANP production may act in a tissue-specific manner to regulate cardiovascular and renal function. Corin defects may contribute to major diseases such as hypertension, heart failure, pre-eclampsia, and kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Localization of corin and atrial natriuretic peptide expression in human renal segments. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1655-64. [PMID: 27343265 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-mediated natriuretic response is a well-established cardiac endocrine function. Corin is a transmembrane protease that activates ANP in the heart. Corin expression has been detected in non-cardiac tissues including the kidney. Here we examined corin, pro-ANP/ANP and natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A) expression in human renal segments. By immunostaining and in situ hybridization, we found similar corin, pro-ANP/ANP and NPR-A protein and mRNA expression in human renal segments. The expression was most abundant in the proximal convoluted tubules and the medullary connecting ducts. In the proximal tubules, corin protein was present in the apical membrane region underneath the brush border where the ANP-degrading protease neprilysin was abundant. These results suggest that corin-mediated pro-ANP activation may occur in renal segments and that locally produced ANP may act in an autocrine manner to regulate sodium and water reabsorption in situ Our results also point to the proximal convoluted tubules as a major site for local ANP action. Such a renal corin/ANP autocrine mechanism may differ from the cardiac corin/ANP endocrine mechanism in regulating sodium homoeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
37
|
Barker KR, Conroy AL, Hawkes M, Murphy H, Pandey P, Kain KC. Biomarkers of hypoxia, endothelial and circulatory dysfunction among climbers in Nepal with AMS and HAPE: a prospective case-control study. J Travel Med 2016; 23:taw005. [PMID: 26984355 PMCID: PMC5731443 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taw005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying acute mountain sickness (AMS) and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) are not fully understood. We hypothesized that regulators of endothelial function, circulatory homeostasis, hypoxia and cell stress contribute to the pathobiology of AMS and HAPE. METHODS We conducted a prospective case-control study of climbers developing altitude illness who were evacuated to the CIWEC clinic in Kathmandu, compared to healthy acclimatized climbers. ELISA was used to measure plasma biomarkers of the above pathways. RESULTS Of the 175 participants, there were 71 cases of HAPE, 54 cases of AMS and 50 acclimatized controls (ACs). Markers of endothelial function were associated with HAPE: circulating levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) were significantly elevated and levels of sKDR (soluble kinase domain receptor) were significantly decreased in cases of HAPE compared to AC or AMS. ET-1 levels were associated with disease severity as indicated by oxygen saturation. Angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) and resistin, a marker of cell stress, were associated with AMS and HAPE irrespective of severity. Corin and angiotensin converting enzyme, regulators of volume homeostasis, were significantly decreased in HAPE compared to AC. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that regulators of endothelial function, vascular tone and cell stress are altered in altitude illness and may mechanistically contribute to the pathobiology of HAPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Barker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea L Conroy
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Hawkes
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada and
| | - Holly Murphy
- CIWEC Hospital and Travel Medicine Center, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prativa Pandey
- CIWEC Hospital and Travel Medicine Center, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Kevin C Kain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada, The Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Endothelial cell dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy in the STOX1 model of preeclampsia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19196. [PMID: 26758611 PMCID: PMC4725931 DOI: 10.1038/srep19196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a disease of pregnancy involving systemic endothelial dysfunction. However, cardiovascular consequences of preeclampsia are difficult to analyze in humans. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the cardiovascular dysfunction induced by preeclampsia by examining the endothelium of mice suffering of severe preeclampsia induced by STOX1 overexpression. Using Next Generation Sequencing on endothelial cells of mice carrying either transgenic or control embryos, we discovered significant alterations of gene networks involved in inflammation, cell cycle, and cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, the heart of the preeclamptic mice revealed cardiac hypertrophy associated with histological anomalies. Bioinformatics comparison of the networks of modified genes in the endothelial cells of the preeclamptic mice and HUVECs exposed to plasma from preeclamptic women identified striking similarities. The cardiovascular alterations in the pregnant mice are comparable to those endured by the cardiovascular system of preeclamptic women. The STOX1 mice could help to better understand the endothelial dysfunction in the context of preeclampsia, and guide the search for efficient therapies able to protect the maternal endothelium during the disease and its aftermath.
Collapse
|
39
|
PCSK6-mediated corin activation is essential for normal blood pressure. Nat Med 2015; 21:1048-53. [PMID: 26259032 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease, afflicting >30% of adults. The cause of hypertension in most individuals remains unknown, suggesting that additional contributing factors have yet to be discovered. Corin is a serine protease that activates the natriuretic peptides, thereby regulating blood pressure. It is synthesized as a zymogen that is activated by proteolytic cleavage. CORIN variants and mutations impairing corin activation have been identified in people with hypertension and pre-eclampsia. To date, however, the identity of the protease that activates corin remains elusive. Here we show that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-6 (PCSK6, also named PACE4; ref. 10) cleaves and activates corin. In cultured cells, we found that corin activation was inhibited by inhibitors of PCSK family proteases and by small interfering RNAs blocking PCSK6 expression. Conversely, PCSK6 overexpression enhanced corin activation. In addition, purified PCSK6 cleaved wild-type corin but not the R801A variant that lacks the conserved activation site. Pcsk6-knockout mice developed salt-sensitive hypertension, and corin activation and pro-atrial natriuretic peptide processing activity were undetectable in these mice. Moreover, we found that CORIN variants in individuals with hypertension and pre-eclampsia were defective in PCSK6-mediated activation. We also identified a PCSK6 mutation that impaired corin activation activity in a hypertensive patient. Our results indicate that PCSK6 is the long-sought corin activator and is important for sodium homeostasis and normal blood pressure.
Collapse
|
40
|
Li H, Zhang Y, Wang L, Dong N, Qi X, Wu Q. A novel cytoplasmic tail motif regulates mouse corin expression on the cell surface. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:152-8. [PMID: 26241673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) are important in many biological processes. Cell surface expression is critical for TTSP activation and function. To date, the mechanism underlying TTSP cell surface expression is poorly understood. Corin is a TTSP and acts as the pro-atrial natriuretic peptide convertase that is essential for sodium homeostasis and normal blood pressure. In this study, we investigated how cytoplasmic tail sequences may regulate corin expression and activation on the cell surface. By site-directed mutagenesis, we made mouse corin proteins with truncations or point-mutations in the cytoplasmic tail. We expressed the mutants in transfected HEK293 cells and analyzed corin cell surface expression and activation by Western blotting and flow cytometry. We found that corin truncation mutants lacking a Lys-Phe-Gln sequence at residues 71-73 had higher levels of cell surface expression and activation compared with that in wild-type corin. When Lys-71, Phe-72 and Gln-73 residues were mutated together, but not individually, in corin with the full-length cytoplasmic tail, increased levels of cell surface expression and zymogen activation were also observed. These results indicate that residues Lys-71, Phe-72 and Gln-73 serve as a novel retention motif in the intracellular pathway to regulate corin cell surface expression and activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Qi
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Song W, Wang H, Wu Q. Atrial natriuretic peptide in cardiovascular biology and disease (NPPA). Gene 2015; 569:1-6. [PMID: 26074089 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac hormone that regulates salt-water balance and blood pressure by promoting renal sodium and water excretion and stimulating vasodilation. ANP also has an anti-hypertrophic function in the heart, which is independent of its systemic blood pressure-lowering effect. In mice, ANP deficiency causes salt-sensitive hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Recent studies have shown that ANP plays an important role in regulating vascular remodeling and energy metabolism. Variants in the human NPPA gene, encoding the ANP precursor, are associated with hypertension, stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure (HF) and obesity. ANP and related peptides are used as biomarkers for heart disease. Recombinant proteins and small molecules that enhance the ANP pathway have been developed to treat patients with HF. In this review, we discuss the role of ANP in cardiovascular biology and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Departments of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Departments of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44155, USA
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Departments of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44155, USA; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
A corin variant identified in hypertensive patients that alters cytoplasmic tail and reduces cell surface expression and activity. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7378. [PMID: 25488193 PMCID: PMC4260221 DOI: 10.1038/srep07378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Corin is a membrane-bound protease that regulates blood pressure by activating the natriuretic peptides. CORIN variants have been associated with hypertension and heart disease in African Americans. In this study, we conducted targeted exome sequencing and identified an insertion variant, c.102_103insA, in exon 1 of the CORIN gene. Analysis of two independent cohorts showed that the variant was preferentially present in hypertensive patients (38/795 or 4.78% vs. 4/632 or 0.63% in normal individuals, p = 4.14E-6). The insertion shifted the reading frame, resulting in a corin variant with a truncated cytoplasmic tail. In cell-based studies, the corin variant exhibited poor trafficking in the Golgi, reduced cell surface expression and zymogen activation, and low natriuretic peptide processing activity. Compared with normal individuals with the wild-type allele, individuals with the variant allele had lower levels of plasma corin [0.59 ± 0.07 ng/mL (n = 25) vs. 0.91 ± 0.02 ng/mL (n = 215), p<0.001] and higher levels of plasma N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-ANP) [2.39 ± 3.6 nmol/L (n = 21) vs. 0.87 ± 0.6 nmol/L (n = 48), p = 0.005]. These results indicate that the variant altered corin structure and impaired the natriuretic peptide processing activity in vivo. The results highlight corin defects as an important underlying mechanism in hypertension.
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang H, Zhou T, Peng J, Xu P, Dong N, Chen S, Wu Q. Distinct roles of N-glycosylation at different sites of corin in cell membrane targeting and ectodomain shedding. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:1654-63. [PMID: 25451932 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.606442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Corin is a membrane-bound protease essential for activating natriuretic peptides and regulating blood pressure. Human corin has 19 predicted N-glycosylation sites in its extracellular domains. It has been shown that N-glycans are required for corin cell surface expression and zymogen activation. It remains unknown, however, how N-glycans at different sites may regulate corin biosynthesis and processing. In this study, we examined corin mutants, in which each of the 19 predicted N-glycosylation sites was mutated individually. By Western analysis of corin proteins in cell lysate and conditioned medium from transfected HEK293 cells and HL-1 cardiomyocytes, we found that N-glycosylation at Asn-80 inhibited corin shedding in the juxtamembrane domain. Similarly, N-glycosylation at Asn-231 protected corin from autocleavage in the frizzled-1 domain. Moreover, N-glycosylation at Asn-697 in the scavenger receptor domain and at Asn-1022 in the protease domain is important for corin cell surface targeting and zymogen activation. We also found that the location of the N-glycosylation site in the protease domain was not critical. N-Glycosylation at Asn-1022 may be switched to different sites to promote corin zymogen activation. Together, our results show that N-glycans at different sites may play distinct roles in regulating the cell membrane targeting, zymogen activation, and ectodomain shedding of corin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, the Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, and
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianhao Peng
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Ping Xu
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shenghan Chen
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Qingyu Wu
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, the Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, and the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|