1
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Xu P, Shao RR, He Y. Bibliometric analysis of recent research on the association between TRPV1 and inflammation. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2189038. [PMID: 36919561 PMCID: PMC10026872 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2189038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPV1 channel is a sensitive ion channel activated by some noxious stimuli and has been reported to change many physiological functions after its activation. In this paper, we present a scientometric approach to explore the trends of the association between TRPV1 channel and inflammation and our goal is to provide creative directions for future research. The related literature was retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection and then analyzed by CiteSpace and VOSviewer. A total of 1533 documents were screened. The most productive country, institution, journal, author, cited journal, cited author, and references were the United States, University of California, San Francisco, Pain, Lu-yuan Lee, Nature, Michael J. Caterina, and Caterina MJ (Science, 2000), respectively. The most influential country and institution were Switzerland and University of California, San Francisco, respectively. The cooperation among countries or institutions was extensive. Amounts of documents were distributed in molecular, biology, genetics. TRPV1-associated neurons, neuropeptides, neuropathic pain, neuroinflammation, and neurogenic inflammation were mainly hotspots in this field. The research has presented valuable data about previous studies in the link of TRPV1 channel and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru-Ru Shao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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2
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Abstract
The ability to detect stimuli from the environment plays a pivotal role in our survival. The molecules that allow the detection of such signals include ion channels, which are proteins expressed in different cells and organs. Among these ion channels, the transient receptor potential (TRP) family responds to the presence of diverse chemicals, temperature, and osmotic changes, among others. This family of ion channels includes the TRPV or vanilloid subfamily whose members serve several physiological functions. Although these proteins have been studied intensively for the last two decades, owing to their structural and functional complexities, a number of controversies regarding their function still remain. Here, we discuss some salient features of their regulation in light of these controversies and outline some of the efforts pushing the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Rosenbaum
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience Division, Institute for Cellular Physiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacán, México;
| | - León D Islas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacán, México
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3
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Rosenbaum T, Morales-Lázaro SL. Regulation of ThermoTRP Channels by PIP2 and Cholesterol. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:245-277. [PMID: 36988884 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are proteins that are expressed by diverse tissues and that play pivotal functions in physiology. These channels are polymodal and are activated by several stimuli. Among TRPs, some members of this family of channels respond to changes in ambient temperature and are known as thermoTRPs. These proteins respond to heat or cold in the noxious range and some of them to temperatures considered innocuous, as well as to mechanical, osmotic, and/or chemical stimuli. In addition to this already complex ability to respond to different signals, the activity of these ion channels can be fine-tuned by lipids. Two lipids well known to modulate ion channel activity are phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and cholesterol. These lipids can either influence the function of these proteins through direct interaction by binding to a site in the structure of the ion channel or through indirect mechanisms, which can include modifying membrane properties, such as curvature and rigidity, by regulating their expression or by modulating the actions of other molecules or signaling pathways that affect the physiology of ion channels. Here, we summarize the key aspects of the regulation of thermoTRP channels by PIP2 and cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Rosenbaum
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Sara L Morales-Lázaro
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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4
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Xiao T, Sun M, Kang J, Zhao C. Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid1 (TRPV1) Channel Opens Sesame of T Cell Responses and T Cell-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:870952. [PMID: 35634308 PMCID: PMC9130463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid1 (TRPV1) was primarily expressed in sensory neurons, and could be activated by various physical and chemical factors, resulting in the flow of extracellular Ca2+ into cells. Accumulating data suggest that the TRPV1 is expressed in some immune cells and is a novel regulator of the immune system. In this review, we highlight the structure and biological features of TRPV1 channel. We also summarize recent findings on its role in modulating T cell activation and differentiation as well as its protective effect in T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases and potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Mingzhong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Jingjing Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng First People’s Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Chuanxiang Zhao
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai’an, China
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5
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Chronic Pain in Musculoskeletal Diseases: Do You Know Your Enemy? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092609. [PMID: 35566735 PMCID: PMC9101840 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal pain is a condition that characterises several diseases and represents a constantly growing issue with enormous socio-economic burdens, highlighting the importance of developing treatment algorithms appropriate to the patient’s needs and effective management strategies. Indeed, the algic condition must be assessed and treated independently of the underlying pathological process since it has an extremely negative impact on the emotional and psychic aspects of the individual, leading to isolation and depression. A full understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in nociceptive stimulation and central sensitization is an important step in improving approaches to musculoskeletal pain. In this context, the bidirectional relationship between immune cells and neurons involved in nociception could represent a key point in the understanding of these mechanisms. Therefore, we provide an updated overview of the magnitude of the musculoskeletal pain problem, in terms of prevalence and costs, and summarise the role of the most important molecular players involved in the development and maintenance of pain. Finally, based on the pathophysiological mechanisms, we propose a model, called the “musculoskeletal pain cycle”, which could be a useful tool to counteract resignation to the algic condition and provide a starting point for developing a treatment algorithm for the patient with musculoskeletal pain.
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6
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Domene C, Darré L, Oakes V, Gonzalez-Resines S. A Potential Route of Capsaicin to Its Binding Site in the TRPV1 Ion Channel. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:2481-2489. [PMID: 35504659 PMCID: PMC9131452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are important pharmacological targets because of their role in the perception of pain, and so, understanding their chemical regulation is essential for the development of analgesic drugs. Among the currently known TRP channel chemical agonists, capsaicin, the active compound of chili pepper, is probably the most exhaustively studied. The availability of the three-dimensional structure of the vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) has fueled computational studies revealing the molecular details of capsaicin binding modes. Although this is a significant step, a comprehensible binding mechanism or pathway is invaluable for targeting TRP channels in modern pharmacology. In the present work, free-energy and enhanced sampling techniques have been used to explore a possible membrane-mediated pathway for capsaicin to enter the TRPV1 binding pocket where capsaicin accesses the protein starting at the extracellular milieu through the outer leaflet and into its binding site in the protein. The main states visited along this route have been characterized and include (i) a bound state in agreement with the binding mode "head-down, tail-up" and (ii) an alternative state corresponding to a "head-up, tail-down" binding mode. In agreement with previous reports, binding is mediated by both hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions, and residue Y511 is crucial for stabilizing the bound state and during the binding process. Together, these results provide a foundation to further understand TRPV channels, and they could be used to guide therapeutic design of selective inhibitors potentially leading to novel avenues for pharmacological applications targeting the TRPV1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Domene
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, 1 South Building, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.,Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Leonardo Darré
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Victoria Oakes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, 1 South Building, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Saul Gonzalez-Resines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, 1 South Building, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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7
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Shimizu T, Yanase N, Fujii T, Sakakibara H, Sakai H. Regulation of TRPV1 channel activities by intracellular ATP in the absence of capsaicin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183782. [PMID: 34555418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a voltage-dependent non-selective cation channel activated by capsaicin, the main pungent ingredient of chili peppers, and noxious heat. Although TRPV1 channels produce outwardly rectifying currents even in the absence of capsaicin, little is known about the regulation mechanism of the TRPV1 currents. In the present study, we found that intracellular ATP regulates the basal activities of TRPV1 channels in a concentration-dependent manner. The ATP-dependent regulation of TRPV1 channels was mediated by phosphoinositides. Moreover, an increase in intracellular ATP concentration negatively shifted voltage-dependent activation of TRPV1 channels. These results suggest that the ATP-dependent production of phosphoinositides regulates the voltage-dependent gating of the basal TRPV1 channel activities in the absence of capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Yanase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takuto Fujii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Haruka Sakakibara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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8
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Luu DD, Owens AM, Mebrat MD, Van Horn WD. A molecular perspective on identifying TRPV1 thermosensitive regions and disentangling polymodal activation. Temperature (Austin) 2021; 10:67-101. [PMID: 37187836 PMCID: PMC10177694 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2021.1983354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV1 is a polymodal receptor ion channel that is best known to function as a molecular thermometer. It is activated in diverse ways, including by heat, protons (low pH), and vanilloid compounds, such as capsaicin. In this review, we summarize molecular studies of TRPV1 thermosensing, focusing on the cross-talk between heat and other activation modes. Additional insights from TRPV1 isoforms and non-rodent/non-human TRPV1 ortholog studies are also discussed in this context. While the molecular mechanism of heat activation is still emerging, it is clear that TRPV1 thermosensing is modulated allosterically, i.e., at a distance, with contributions from many distinct regions of the channel. Similarly, current studies identify cross-talk between heat and other TRPV1 activation modes, such as protons and capsaicin, and that these modes can generally be selectively disentangled. In aggregate, this suggests that future TRPV1 molecular studies should define allosteric pathways and provide mechanistic insight, thereby enabling mode-selective manipulation of the polymodal receptor. These advances are anticipated to have significant implications in both basic and applied biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin D. Luu
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- The Biodesign Institute Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics,Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona,USA
| | - Aerial M. Owens
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- The Biodesign Institute Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics,Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona,USA
| | - Mubark D. Mebrat
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- The Biodesign Institute Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics,Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona,USA
| | - Wade D. Van Horn
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- The Biodesign Institute Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics,Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona,USA
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9
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Wang G. Lipid-dependent sequential allosteric activation of heat-sensing TRPV1 channels by anchor-stereoselective "hot" vanilloid compounds and analogs. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101109. [PMID: 34504955 PMCID: PMC8416642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both a silent resident phosphatidylinositol lipid and a “hot” vanilloid agonist capsaicin or resiniferatoxin have been shown to share the same inter-subunit binding pocket between a voltage sensor like domain and a pore domain in TRPV1. However, how the vanilloid competes off the resident lipid for allosteric TRPV1 activation is unknown. Here, the in silico research suggested that anchor-stereoselective sequential cooperativity between an initial recessive transient silent weak ligand binding site and a subsequent dominant steady-state strong ligand binding site in the vanilloid pocket may facilitate the lipid release for allosteric activation of TRPV1 by vanilloids or analogs upon non-covalent interactions. Thus, the resident lipid may play a critical role in allosteric activation of TRPV1 by vanilloid compounds and analogs. Four active vanilloid binding pockets as revealed by the cryo-EM structure of TRPV1 have no cooperativity between subunits. Allosteric activation of TRPV1 by vanilloid compounds and analogs is lipid-dependent and anchor-stereoselective. The resident and occluded lipid must be competed off for allosteric activation of TRPV1 by vanilloid compounds and analogs. The first ligand binding is needed to release the resident lipid for the second ligand binding in the vanilloid pocket. A lipid-free anchor facilitates the vanilloid ligand binding to remove the resident lipid from the active site in TRPV1. Site accessibility controls sequential cooperative interactions of TRPV1 with vanilloids or analogs to open the channel. The anchor stereoselectivity depends on the formation of a vanilloid bridge between two separated residues at the active site. Different anchor stereoselectivities produce diverse recessive transient reaction intermediates or steps for TRPV1 opening. Membrane hyperpolarization and depolarization may stabilize and loosen the resident lipid for TRPV1 gating, respectively. Phospholipids at N- and C- terminal domains may affect the cooperativity or the potency of the vanilloid ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.,Institute of Biophysical Medico-chemistry, Reno, NV, USA
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10
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Dhandapani P, Dondapati SK, Zemella A, Bräuer D, Wüstenhagen DA, Mergler S, Kubick S. Targeted esterase-induced dye (TED) loading supports direct calcium imaging in eukaryotic cell-free systems. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16285-16296. [PMID: 35479141 PMCID: PMC9030739 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08397f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium imaging is an important functional tool for analysing ion channels, transporters and pumps for drug screening in living cells. Depicted eukaryotic cell-free systems utilize microsomes, derived from the endoplasmic reticulum to incorporate the synthesized membrane proteins-like ion channels. Carboxylesterase is required to cleave the acetoxymethyl ester moiety of the chemical calcium indicators in order to ensure its immobility across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Absence or an inadequate amount of carboxylesterase in the endoplasmic reticulum of different eukaryotic cells poses a hindrance to perform calcium imaging in microsomes. In this work, we try to overcome this drawback and adapt the cell-based calcium imaging principle to a cell-free protein synthesis platform. Carboxylesterase synthesized in a Spodoptera frugiperda Sf21 lysate translation system is established as a viable calcium imaging tool in microsomes. Cell-free synthesized carboxylesterase inside microsomes is validated with esterase and dye loading assays. Native proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, such as ryanodine channels and calcium ATPase, are analysed. Cell-free synthesized transient receptor potential channels are used as model proteins to demonstrate the realization of this concept. Carboxylesterase, the key enzyme to handle ester-based dyes, is synthesized in microsomes using eukaryotic cell-free protein synthesis platform and established as a viable calcium imaging tool to analyze native and cell-free synthesized ion channels.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyavathi Dhandapani
- Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch of Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB) Am Muehlenberg 13 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Srujan Kumar Dondapati
- Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch of Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB) Am Muehlenberg 13 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Anne Zemella
- Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch of Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB) Am Muehlenberg 13 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Dennis Bräuer
- Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch of Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB) Am Muehlenberg 13 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Doreen Anja Wüstenhagen
- Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch of Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB) Am Muehlenberg 13 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Stefan Mergler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow-Hospital Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Kubick
- Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch of Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB) Am Muehlenberg 13 Potsdam-Golm Germany .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus - Senftenberg, Theodor Fontane Medical School of Brandenburg, University of Potsdam Germany
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11
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Nowicka-Bauer K, Szymczak-Cendlak M. Structure and Function of Ion Channels Regulating Sperm Motility-An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063259. [PMID: 33806823 PMCID: PMC8004680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm motility is linked to the activation of signaling pathways that trigger movement. These pathways are mainly dependent on Ca2+, which acts as a secondary messenger. The maintenance of adequate Ca2+ concentrations is possible thanks to proper concentrations of other ions, such as K+ and Na+, among others, that modulate plasma membrane potential and the intracellular pH. Like in every cell, ion homeostasis in spermatozoa is ensured by a vast spectrum of ion channels supported by the work of ion pumps and transporters. To achieve success in fertilization, sperm ion channels have to be sensitive to various external and internal factors. This sensitivity is provided by specific channel structures. In addition, novel sperm-specific channels or isoforms have been found with compositions that increase the chance of fertilization. Notably, the most significant sperm ion channel is the cation channel of sperm (CatSper), which is a sperm-specific Ca2+ channel required for the hyperactivation of sperm motility. The role of other ion channels in the spermatozoa, such as voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), Ca2+-activated Cl-channels (CaCCs), SLO K+ channels or voltage-gated H+ channels (VGHCs), is to ensure the activation and modulation of CatSper. As the activation of sperm motility differs among metazoa, different ion channels may participate; however, knowledge regarding these channels is still scarce. In the present review, the roles and structures of the most important known ion channels are described in regard to regulation of sperm motility in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowicka-Bauer
- Department of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Monika Szymczak-Cendlak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
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12
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Yazici AT, Gianti E, Kasimova MA, Lee BH, Carnevale V, Rohacs T. Dual regulation of TRPV1 channels by phosphatidylinositol via functionally distinct binding sites. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100573. [PMID: 33766560 PMCID: PMC8095115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the heat- and capsaicin-activated transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel by phosphoinositides is complex and controversial. In the most recent TRPV1 cryo-EM structure, endogenous phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) was detected in the vanilloid binding site, and phosphoinositides were proposed to act as competitive vanilloid antagonists. This model is difficult to reconcile with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] being a well-established positive regulator of TRPV1. Here we show that in the presence of PtdIns(4,5)P2 in excised patches, PtdIns, but not PtdIns(4)P, partially inhibited TRPV1 activity at low, but not at high capsaicin concentrations. This is consistent with PtdIns acting as a competitive vanilloid antagonist. However, in the absence of PtdIns(4,5)P2, PtdIns partially stimulated TRPV1 activity. We computationally identified residues, which are in contact with PtdIns, but not with capsaicin in the vanilloid binding site. The I703A mutant of TRPV1 showed increased sensitivity to capsaicin, as expected when removing the effect of an endogenous competitive antagonist. I703A was not inhibited by PtdIns in the presence of PtdIns(4,5)P2, but it was still activated by PtdIns in the absence of PtdIns(4,5)P2 indicating that inhibition, but not activation by PtdIns proceeds via the vanilloid binding site. In molecular dynamics simulations, PtdIns was more stable than PtdIns(4,5)P2 in this inhibitory site, whereas PtdIns(4,5)P2 was more stable than PtdIns in a previously identified, nonoverlapping, putative activating binding site. Our data indicate that phosphoinositides regulate channel activity via functionally distinct binding sites, which may explain some of the complexities of the effects of these lipids on TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Torun Yazici
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Eleonora Gianti
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marina A Kasimova
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vincenzo Carnevale
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
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13
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Zheng W, Wen H. Predicting lipid and ligand binding sites in TRPV1 channel by molecular dynamics simulation and machine learning. Proteins 2021; 89:966-977. [PMID: 33739482 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As a key cellular sensor, the TRPV1 channel undergoes a gating transition from a closed state to an open state in response to many physical and chemical stimuli. This transition is regulated by small-molecule ligands including lipids and various agonists/antagonists, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Thanks to recent revolution in cryo-electron microscopy, a growing list of new structures of TRPV1 and other TRPV channels have been solved in complex with various ligands including lipids. Toward elucidating how ligand binding correlates with TRPV1 gating, we have performed extensive molecular dynamics simulations (with cumulative time of 20 μs), starting from high-resolution structures of TRPV1 in both the closed and open states. By comparing between the open and closed state ensembles, we have identified state-dependent binding sites for small-molecule ligands in general and lipids in particular. We further use machine learning to predict top ligand-binding sites as important features to classify the closed vs open states. The predicted binding sites are thoroughly validated by matching homologous sites in all structures of TRPV channels bound to lipids and other ligands, and with previous functional/mutational studies of ligand binding in TRPV1. Taken together, this study has integrated rich structural, dynamic, and functional data to inform future design of small-molecular drugs targeting TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zheng
- Department of Physics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Han Wen
- Department of Physics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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14
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Deficiency of Inositol Monophosphatase Activity Decreases Phosphoinositide Lipids and Enhances TRPV1 Function In Vivo. J Neurosci 2020; 41:408-423. [PMID: 33239401 PMCID: PMC7821860 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0803-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane remodeling by inflammatory mediators influences the function of sensory ion channels. The capsaicin- and heat-activated transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel contributes to neurogenic inflammation and pain hypersensitivity, in part because of its potentiation downstream of phospholipase C-coupled receptors that regulate phosphoinositide lipid content. Here, we determined the effect of phosphoinositide lipids on TRPV1 function by combining genetic dissection, diet supplementation, and behavioral, biochemical, and functional analyses in Caenorhabditis elegans As capsaicin elicits heat and pain sensations in mammals, transgenic TRPV1 worms exhibit an aversive response to capsaicin. TRPV1 worms with low levels of phosphoinositide lipids display an enhanced response to capsaicin, whereas phosphoinositide lipid supplementation reduces TRPV1-mediated responses. A worm carrying a TRPV1 construct lacking the distal C-terminal domain features an enhanced response to capsaicin, independent of the phosphoinositide lipid content. Our results demonstrate that TRPV1 activity is enhanced when the phosphoinositide lipid content is reduced, and the C-terminal domain is key to determining agonist response in vivo.
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Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) is a non-specific cation channel known for its sensitivity to pungent vanilloid compound (i.e. capsaicin) and noxious stimuli, including heat, low pH or inflammatory mediators. TRPV1 is found in the somatosensory system, particularly primary afferent neurons that respond to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli (nociceptors). Stimulation of TRPV1 evokes a burning sensation, reflecting a central role of the channel in pain. Pharmacological and genetic studies have validated TRPV1 as a therapeutic target in several preclinical models of chronic pain, including cancer, neuropathic, postoperative and musculoskeletal pain. While antagonists of TRPV1 were found to be a valuable addition to the pain therapeutic toolbox, their clinical use has been limited by detrimental side effects, such as hyperthermia. In contrast, capsaicin induces a prolonged defunctionalisation of nociceptors and thus opened the door to the development of a new class of therapeutics with long-lasting pain-relieving effects. Here we review the list of TRPV1 agonists undergoing clinical trials for chronic pain management, and discuss new indications, formulations or combination therapies being explored for capsaicin. While the analgesic pharmacopeia for chronic pain patients is ancient and poorly effective, modern TRPV1-targeted drugs could rapidly become available as the next generation of analgesics for a broad spectrum of pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Iftinca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Manon Defaye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Mohandass A, Surenkhuu B, Covington K, Baskaran P, Lehmann T, Thyagarajan B. Kainic Acid Activates TRPV1 via a Phospholipase C/PIP2-Dependent Mechanism in Vitro. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2999-3007. [PMID: 32833423 PMCID: PMC7747480 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kainic acid (KA) is an excitotoxic glutamate analogue produced by a marine seaweed. It elicits neuronal excitotoxicity leading to epilepsy in rodents. Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1 (TRPV1), a nonselective cation channel protein, by capsaicin, prevents KA-induced seizures in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. However, the precise mechanism behind this protective effect of capsaicin remains unclear. In order to analyze the direct effect of KA on TRPV1, we evaluated the ability of KA to activate TRPV1 and analyzed its binding to TRPV1 using a molecular modeling approach. In vitro, KA activates a Ca2+ influx into TRPV1 expressing HEK293 cells but not in contsrol HEK293 cells. Pretreatment with either capsaicin (1 M) or capsazepine (10 M; TRPV1 antagonist) prevents the effect of KA. Pharmacological inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) by U73122 or overexpression of phosphatidylinositol 5 phosphatase (Synaptojanin 1; Synj-1) counters the effect of KA. Further, KA treatment causes actin reorganization in HEKTRPV1 cells and PLC inhibition by U73122 prevents this. Molecular modeling data revealed that KA binds to TRPV1 and prebinding with capsaicin prevents the binding of KA to TRPV1. Consistently, the lack of effect of KA in activating chicken TRPV1, which is insensitive to capsaicin, suggests that there is a significant overlap between the sites of KA and capsaicin activation of TRPV1. However, PLC inhibition did not suppress TRPV1 activation by capsaicin. Collectively, our data suggest that KA binds to and activates TRPV1 and causes actin reorganization via PLC-dependent mechanism in vitro. We propose that KA mediates Ca2+ induced toxicity possibly by activating TRPV1. Therefore, inhibiting TRPV1 will be a beneficial strategy in abating Ca2+-induced neurotoxicity.
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Yin Y, Lee SY. Current View of Ligand and Lipid Recognition by the Menthol Receptor TRPM8. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:806-819. [PMID: 32532587 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) melastatin member 8 (TRPM8), which is a calcium-permeable ion channel, functions as the primary molecular sensor of cold and menthol in humans. Recent cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) studies of TRPM8 have shown distinct structural features in its architecture and domain assembly compared with the capsaicin receptor TRP vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1). Moreover, ligand-bound TRPM8 structures have uncovered unforeseen binding sites for both cooling agonists and membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. These complex structures unveil the molecular basis of cooling agonist sensing by TRPM8 and the allosteric role of PI(4,5)P2 in agonist binding for TRPM8 activation. Here, we review the recent advances in TRPM8 structural biology and investigate the molecular principles governing the distinguishing role of TRPM8 as the evolutionarily conserved menthol receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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18
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López-Romero AE, Hernández-Araiza I, Torres-Quiroz F, Tovar-Y-Romo LB, Islas LD, Rosenbaum T. TRP ion channels: Proteins with conformational flexibility. Channels (Austin) 2020; 13:207-226. [PMID: 31184289 PMCID: PMC6602575 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2019.1626793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels display conformational changes in response to binding of their agonists and antagonists. The study of the relationships between the structure and the function of these proteins has witnessed considerable advances in the last two decades using a combination of techniques, which include electrophysiology, optical approaches (i.e. patch clamp fluorometry, incorporation of non-canonic amino acids, etc.), molecular biology (mutations in different regions of ion channels to determine their role in function) and those that have permitted the resolution of their structures in detail (X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy). The possibility of making correlations among structural components and functional traits in ion channels has allowed for more refined conclusions on how these proteins work at the molecular level. With the cloning and description of the family of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, our understanding of several sensory-related processes has also greatly moved forward. The response of these proteins to several agonists, their regulation by signaling pathways as well as by protein-protein and lipid-protein interactions and, in some cases, their biophysical characteristics have been studied thoroughly and, recently, with the resolution of their structures, the field has experienced a new boom. This review article focuses on the conformational changes in the pores, concentrating on some members of the TRP family of ion channels (TRPV and TRPA subfamilies) that result in changes in their single-channel conductances, a phenomenon that may lead to fine-tuning the electrical response to a given agonist in a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena López-Romero
- a Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias , Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico , Mexico
| | - Ileana Hernández-Araiza
- a Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias , Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico , Mexico
| | - Francisco Torres-Quiroz
- b Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, División Investigación Básica , Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Luis B Tovar-Y-Romo
- c Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, División Neurociencias , Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - León D Islas
- d Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- a Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División Neurociencias , Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico , Mexico
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Effects of Passive Phospholipid Flip-Flop and Asymmetric External Fields on Bilayer Phase Equilibria. Biophys J 2018; 115:1956-1965. [PMID: 30393103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Compositional asymmetry between the leaflets of bilayer membranes modifies their phase behavior and is thought to influence other important features such as mechanical properties and protein activity. We address here how phase behavior is affected by passive phospholipid flip-flop, such that the compositional asymmetry is not fixed. We predict transitions from "pre-flip-flop" behavior to a restricted set of phase equilibria that can persist in the presence of passive flip-flop. Surprisingly, such states are not necessarily symmetric. We further account for external symmetry breaking, such as a preferential substrate interaction, and show how this can stabilize strongly asymmetric equilibrium states. Our theory explains several experimental observations of flip-flop-mediated changes in phase behavior and shows how domain formation and compositional asymmetry can be controlled in concert, by manipulating passive flip-flop rates and applying external fields.
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20
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Mundt N, Spehr M, Lishko PV. TRPV4 is the temperature-sensitive ion channel of human sperm. eLife 2018; 7:35853. [PMID: 29963982 PMCID: PMC6051745 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels control the ability of human sperm to fertilize the egg by triggering hyperactivated motility, which is regulated by membrane potential, intracellular pH, and cytosolic calcium. Previous studies unraveled three essential ion channels that regulate these parameters: (1) the Ca2+ channel CatSper, (2) the K+ channel KSper, and (3) the H+ channel Hv1. However, the molecular identity of the sperm Na+ conductance that mediates initial membrane depolarization and, thus, triggers downstream signaling events is yet to be defined. Here, we functionally characterize DSper, the Depolarizing Channel of Sperm, as the temperature-activated channel TRPV4. It is functionally expressed at both mRNA and protein levels, while other temperature-sensitive TRPV channels are not functional in human sperm. DSper currents are activated by warm temperatures and mediate cation conductance, that shares a pharmacological profile reminiscent of TRPV4. Together, these results suggest that TRPV4 activation triggers initial membrane depolarization, facilitating both CatSper and Hv1 gating and, consequently, sperm hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Mundt
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Polina V Lishko
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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21
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Signaling Pathways Relevant to Nerve Growth Factor-induced Upregulation of Transient Receptor Potential M8 Expression. Neuroscience 2017; 367:178-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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TRPV1 and TRPA1 in cutaneous neurogenic and chronic inflammation: pro-inflammatory response induced by their activation and their sensitization. Protein Cell 2017; 8:644-661. [PMID: 28364279 PMCID: PMC5563280 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI) is inflammation that is induced (or enhanced) in the skin by the release of neuropeptides from sensory nerve endings. Clinical manifestations are mainly sensory and vascular disorders such as pruritus and erythema. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and ankyrin 1 (TRPV1 and TRPA1, respectively) are non-selective cation channels known to specifically participate in pain and CNI. Both TRPV1 and TRPA1 are co-expressed in a large subset of sensory nerves, where they integrate numerous noxious stimuli. It is now clear that the expression of both channels also extends far beyond the sensory nerves in the skin, occuring also in keratinocytes, mast cells, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells. In these non-neuronal cells, TRPV1 and TRPA1 also act as nociceptive sensors and potentiate the inflammatory process. This review discusses the role of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in the modulation of inflammatory genes that leads to or maintains CNI in sensory neurons and non-neuronal skin cells. In addition, this review provides a summary of current research on the intracellular sensitization pathways of both TRP channels by other endogenous inflammatory mediators that promote the self-maintenance of CNI.
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23
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Morales-Lázaro SL, Lemus L, Rosenbaum T. Regulation of thermoTRPs by lipids. Temperature (Austin) 2016; 4:24-40. [PMID: 28349093 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2016.1254136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ion channels is constituted by 7 subfamilies among which are those that respond to temperature, the thermoTRPs. These channels are versatile molecules of a polymodal nature that have been shown to be modulated in various fashions by molecules of a lipidic nature. Some of these molecules interact directly with the channels on specific regions of their structures and some of these promote changes in membrane fluidity or modify their gating properties in response to their agonists. Here, we have discussed how some of these lipids regulate the activity of thermoTRPs and included some of the available evidence for the molecular mechanisms underlying their effects on these channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Morales-Lázaro
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Circuito exterior s/n, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Coyoacan, México City, Mexico
| | - Luis Lemus
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Circuito exterior s/n, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Coyoacan, México City, Mexico
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Circuito exterior s/n, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Coyoacan, México City, Mexico
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24
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Exploring functional roles of TRPV1 intracellular domains with unstructured peptide-insertion screening. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33827. [PMID: 27666400 PMCID: PMC5035920 DOI: 10.1038/srep33827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPV1 is a polymodal nociceptor for diverse physical and chemical stimuli that interact with different parts of the channel protein. Recent cryo-EM studies revealed detailed channel structures, opening the door for mapping structural elements mediating activation by each stimulus. Towards this goal, here we have combined unstructured peptide-insertion screening (UPS) with electrophysiological and fluorescence recordings to explore structural and functional roles of the intracellular regions of TRPV1 in mediating various activation stimuli. We found that most of the tightly packed protein regions did not tolerate structural perturbation by UPS when tested, indicating that structural integrity of the intracellular region is critical. In agreement with previous reports, Ca2+-dependent desensitization is strongly dependent on both intracellular N- and C-terminal domains; insertions of an unstructured peptide between these domains and the transmembrane core domain nearly eliminated Ca2+-dependent desensitization. In contrast, channel activations by capsaicin, low pH, divalent cations, and even heat are mostly intact in mutant channels containing the same insertions. These observations suggest that the transmembrane core domain of TRPV1, but not the intracellular domains, is responsible for sensing these stimuli.
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25
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Díaz-Franulic I, Caceres-Molina J, Sepulveda RV, Gonzalez-Nilo F, Latorre R. Structure-Driven Pharmacology of Transient Receptor Potential Channel Vanilloid 1. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:300-8. [PMID: 27335334 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel is a polymodal receptor that mediates the flux of cations across the membrane in response to several stimuli, including heat, voltage, and ligands. The best known agonist of TRPV1 channels is capsaicin, the pungent component of "hot" chili peppers. In addition, peptides found in the venom of poisonous animals, along with the lipids phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate, lysophosphatidic acid, and cholesterol, bind to TRPV1 with high affinity to modulate channel gating. Here, we discuss the functional evidence regarding ligand-dependent activation of TRPV1 channels in light of structural data recently obtained by cryoelectron microscopy. This review focuses on the mechanistic insights into ligand binding and allosteric gating of TRPV1 channels and the relevance of accurate polymodal receptor biophysical characterization for drug design in novel pain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Díaz-Franulic
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (I.D.-F., R.L., F.G.-N.); Centro de Bioinformática y Biología Integrativa, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile (I.D.-F., J.C.-M., R.V.S., F.G.-N.); and Fraunhofer Chile Research, Santiago, Chile (I.D.-F.)
| | - Javier Caceres-Molina
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (I.D.-F., R.L., F.G.-N.); Centro de Bioinformática y Biología Integrativa, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile (I.D.-F., J.C.-M., R.V.S., F.G.-N.); and Fraunhofer Chile Research, Santiago, Chile (I.D.-F.)
| | - Romina V Sepulveda
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (I.D.-F., R.L., F.G.-N.); Centro de Bioinformática y Biología Integrativa, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile (I.D.-F., J.C.-M., R.V.S., F.G.-N.); and Fraunhofer Chile Research, Santiago, Chile (I.D.-F.)
| | - Fernando Gonzalez-Nilo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (I.D.-F., R.L., F.G.-N.); Centro de Bioinformática y Biología Integrativa, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile (I.D.-F., J.C.-M., R.V.S., F.G.-N.); and Fraunhofer Chile Research, Santiago, Chile (I.D.-F.)
| | - Ramon Latorre
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (I.D.-F., R.L., F.G.-N.); Centro de Bioinformática y Biología Integrativa, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile (I.D.-F., J.C.-M., R.V.S., F.G.-N.); and Fraunhofer Chile Research, Santiago, Chile (I.D.-F.)
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26
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Satheesh NJ, Uehara Y, Fedotova J, Pohanka M, Büsselberg D, Kruzliak P. TRPV currents and their role in the nociception and neuroplasticity. Neuropeptides 2016; 57:1-8. [PMID: 26825374 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channels sensitive to vanilloids (TRPVs) are group of ion channels which are sensitive to various tissue damaging signals and their activation is generally perceived as pain. Therefore, they are generally named as nociceptors. Understanding their activation and function as well as their interaction with intracellular pathways is crucial for the development of pharmacological interference in order to reduce pain perception. The current review summarizes basic facts in regard to TRPV and discusses their relevance in the sensing of (pain-) signals and their intracellular processing, focussing on their modulation of the intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) signal. Furthermore we discuss the basic mechanisms how the modification of [Ca(2+)]i through TRPV might induce long-term-potentiation (LTP) or long-term- depression (LTD) and from "memories" of pain. Understanding of these mechanisms is needed to localize the best point of interference for pharmacological treatment. Therefore, high attention is given to highlight physiological and pathological processes and their interaction with significant modulators and their roles in neuroplasticity and pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshio Uehara
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Julia Fedotova
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Laboratory of Structural Biology and Proteomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; 2(nd) Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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27
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Hanson SM, Newstead S, Swartz KJ, Sansom MSP. Capsaicin interaction with TRPV1 channels in a lipid bilayer: molecular dynamics simulation. Biophys J 2016; 108:1425-1434. [PMID: 25809255 PMCID: PMC4375533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) is a heat-sensitive ion channel also involved in pain sensation, and is the receptor for capsaicin, the active ingredient of hot chili peppers. The recent structures of TRPV1 revealed putative ligand density within the S1 to S4 voltage-sensor-like domain of the protein. However, questions remain regarding the dynamic role of the lipid bilayer in ligand binding to TRPV1. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore behavior of capsaicin in a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine bilayer and with the target S1–S4 transmembrane helices of TRPV1. Equilibrium simulations reveal a preferred interfacial localization for capsaicin. We also observed a capsaicin molecule flipping from the extracellular to the intracellular leaflet, and subsequently able to access the intracellular TRPV1 binding site. Calculation of the potential of mean force (i.e., free energy profile) of capsaicin along the bilayer normal confirms that it prefers an interfacial localization. The free energy profile indicates that there is a nontrivial but surmountable barrier to the flipping of capsaicin between opposing leaflets of the bilayer. Molecular dynamics of the S1–S4 transmembrane helices of the TRPV1 in a lipid bilayer confirm that Y511, known to be crucial to capsaicin binding, has a distribution along the bilayer normal similar to that of the aromatic group of capsaicin. Simulations were conducted of the TRPV1 S1–S4 transmembrane helices in the presence of capsaicin placed in the aqueous phase, in the lipid, or docked to the protein. No stable interaction between ligand and protein was seen for simulations initiated with capsaicin in the bilayer. However, interactions were seen between TRPV1 and capsaicin starting from the cytosolic aqueous phase, and capsaicin remained stable in the majority of simulations from the docked pose. We discuss the significance of capsaicin flipping from the extracellular to the intracellular leaflet and mechanisms of binding site access by capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya M Hanson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Simon Newstead
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kenton J Swartz
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Badheka D, Borbiro I, Rohacs T. Transient receptor potential melastatin 3 is a phosphoinositide-dependent ion channel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 146:65-77. [PMID: 26123195 PMCID: PMC4485020 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201411336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PI(4,5)P2 is required for TRPM3 activity, establishing its role as a crucial cofactor for the entire TRPM channel family. Phosphoinositides are emerging as general regulators of the functionally diverse transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) has been reported to positively regulate many TRP channels, but in several cases phosphoinositide regulation is controversial. TRP melastatin 3 (TRPM3) is a heat-activated ion channel that is also stimulated by chemical agonists, such as pregnenolone sulfate. Here, we used a wide array of approaches to determine the effects of phosphoinositides on TRPM3. We found that channel activity in excised inside-out patches decreased over time (rundown), an attribute of PI(4,5)P2-dependent ion channels. Channel activity could be restored by application of either synthetic dioctanoyl (diC8) or natural arachidonyl stearyl (AASt) PI(4,5)P2. The PI(4,5)P2 precursor phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P) was less effective at restoring channel activity. TRPM3 currents were also restored by MgATP, an effect which was inhibited by two different phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase inhibitors, or by pretreatment with a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) enzyme, indicating that MgATP acted by generating phosphoinositides. In intact cells, reduction of PI(4,5)P2 levels by chemically inducible phosphoinositide phosphatases or a voltage-sensitive 5′-phosphatase inhibited channel activity. Activation of PLC via muscarinic receptors also inhibited TRPM3 channel activity. Overall, our data indicate that TRPM3 is a phosphoinositide-dependent ion channel and that decreasing PI(4,5)P2 abundance limits its activity. As all other members of the TRPM family have also been shown to require PI(4,5)P2 for activity, our data establish PI(4,5)P2 as a general positive cofactor of this ion channel subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Badheka
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Istvan Borbiro
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
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Abstract
The detection of temperature is one of the most fundamental sensory functions across all species, and is critical for animal survival. Animals have thus evolved a diversity of thermosensory mechanisms allowing them to sense and respond to temperature changes (thermoreception). A key process underlying thermoreception is the translation of thermal energy into electrical signals, a process mediated by thermal sensors (thermoreceptors) that are sensitive to a specific range of temperatures. In disease conditions, the temperature sensitivity of thermoreceptors is altered, leading to abnormal temperature sensation such as heat hyperalgesia. Therefore, the identification of thermal sensors and understanding their functions and regulation hold great potential for developing novel therapeutics against many medical conditions such as pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Zhang
- a Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health & Institute of Medical Sciences ; University of Aberdeen , Foresterhill , Aberdeen , UK
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30
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Ufret-Vincenty CA, Klein RM, Collins MD, Rosasco MG, Martinez GQ, Gordon SE. Mechanism for phosphoinositide selectivity and activation of TRPV1 ion channels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 145:431-42. [PMID: 25918361 PMCID: PMC4411251 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201511354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides bind to a selective site in the proximal C-terminal region to regulate TRPV1. Although PI(4,5)P2 is believed to play an essential role in regulating the activity of numerous ion channels and transporters, the mechanisms by which it does so are unknown. Here, we used the ability of the TRPV1 ion channel to discriminate between PI(4,5)P2 and PI(4)P to localize the region of TRPV1 sequence that interacts directly with the phosphoinositide. We identified a point mutation in the proximal C-terminal region after the TRP box, R721A, that inverted the selectivity of TRPV1. Although the R721A mutation produced only a 30% increase in the EC50 for activation by PI(4,5)P2, it decreased the EC50 for activation by PI(4)P by more than two orders of magnitude. We used chemically induced and voltage-activated phosphatases to determine that PI(4)P continued to support TRPV1 activity even after depletion of PI(4,5)P2 from the plasma membrane. Our data cannot be explained by a purely electrostatic mechanism for interaction between the phosphoinositide and the protein, similar to that of the MARCKS (myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate) effector domain or the EGF receptor. Rather, conversion of a PI(4,5)P2-selective channel to a PI(4)P-selective channel indicates that a structured phosphoinositide-binding site mediates the regulation of TRPV1 activity and that the amino acid at position 721 likely interacts directly with the moiety at the 5′ position of the phosphoinositide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca M Klein
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | - Mario G Rosasco
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
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31
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Integrating TRPV1 Receptor Function with Capsaicin Psychophysics. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2016; 2016:1512457. [PMID: 26884754 PMCID: PMC4738735 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1512457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin is a naturally occurring vanilloid that causes a hot, pungent sensation in the human oral cavity. This trigeminal stimulus activates TRPV1 receptors and stimulates an influx of cations into sensory cells. TRPV1 receptors function as homotetramers that also respond to heat, proinflammatory substances, lipoxygenase products, resiniferatoxin, endocannabinoids, protons, and peptide toxins. Kinase-mediated phosphorylation of TRPV1 leads to increased sensitivity to both chemical and thermal stimuli. In contrast, desensitization occurs via a calcium-dependent mechanism that results in receptor dephosphorylation. Human psychophysical studies have shown that capsaicin is detected at nanomole amounts and causes desensitization in the oral cavity. Psychophysical studies further indicate that desensitization can be temporarily reversed in the oral cavity if stimulation with capsaicin is resumed at short interstimulus intervals. Pretreatment of lingual epithelium with capsaicin modulates the perception of several primary taste qualities. Also, sweet taste stimuli may decrease the intensity of capsaicin perception in the oral cavity. In addition, capsaicin perception and hedonic responses may be modified by diet. Psychophysical studies with capsaicin are consistent with recent findings that have identified TRPV1 channel modulation by phosphorylation and interactions with membrane inositol phospholipids. Future studies will further clarify the importance of capsaicin and its receptor in human health and nutrition.
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32
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Rysavy NM, Shimoda LMN, Dixon AM, Speck M, Stokes AJ, Turner H, Umemoto EY. Beyond apoptosis: the mechanism and function of phosphatidylserine asymmetry in the membrane of activating mast cells. BIOARCHITECTURE 2015; 4:127-37. [PMID: 25759911 DOI: 10.1080/19490992.2014.995516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Loss of plasma membrane asymmetry is a hallmark of apoptosis, but lipid bilayer asymmetry and loss of asymmetry can contribute to numerous cellular functions and responses that are independent of programmed cell death. Exofacial exposure of phosphatidylserine occurs in lymphocytes and mast cells after antigenic stimulation and in the absence of apoptosis, suggesting that there is a functional requirement for phosphatidylserine exposure in immunocytes. In this review we examine current ideas as to the nature of this functional role in mast cell activation. Mechanistically, there is controversy as to the candidate proteins responsible for phosphatidylserine translocation from the internal to external leaflet, and here we review the candidacies of mast cell PLSCR1 and TMEM16F. Finally we examine the potential relationship between functionally important mast cell membrane perturbations and phosphatidylserine exposure during activation.
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Key Words
- ABCA, ABC binding cassette family A
- CRAC, calcium release activated channel
- GPMV, giant plasma membrane vesicle
- ITIM, immunoreceptor tyrosine based inhibitory motif
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- PLSCR, phospholipid scramblase
- PMA, phorbol 12,13-myristate acetate
- RBL, rat basophilic leukemia
- RFU, relative fluorescence units
- ROI, region of interest
- TMEM, transmembrane protein
- TMEM16F
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- mast cells
- membrane lipids
- phosphatidylserine
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel M Rysavy
- a Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction ; Department of Biology; Chaminade University ; Honolulu , Hawai'i USA
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Rohacs T. Phosphoinositide regulation of TRPV1 revisited. Pflugers Arch 2015; 467:1851-69. [PMID: 25754030 PMCID: PMC4537841 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The heat- and capsaicin-sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 ion channel (TRPV1) is regulated by plasma membrane phosphoinositides. The effects of these lipids on this channel have been controversial. Recent articles re-ignited the debate and also offered resolution to place some of the data in a coherent picture. This review summarizes the literature on this topic and provides a detailed and critical discussion on the experimental evidence for the various effects of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphayte [PI(4,5)P2 or PIP2] on TRPV1. We conclude that PI(4,5)P2 and potentially its precursor PI(4)P are positive cofactors for TRPV1, acting via direct interaction with the channel, and their depletion by Ca(2+)-induced activation of phospholipase Cδ isoforms (PLCδ) limits channel activity during capsaicin-induced desensitization. Other negatively charged lipids at higher concentrations can also support channel activity, which may explain some controversies in the literature. PI(4,5)P2 also partially inhibits channel activity in some experimental settings, and relief from this inhibition upon PLCβ activation may contribute to sensitization. The negative effect of PI(4,5)P2 is more controversial and its mechanism is less well understood. Other TRP channels from the TRPV and TRPC families may also undergo similar dual regulation by phosphoinositides, thus the complexity of TRPV1 regulation is not unique to this channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, USA,
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34
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Hille B, Dickson EJ, Kruse M, Vivas O, Suh BC. Phosphoinositides regulate ion channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1851:844-56. [PMID: 25241941 PMCID: PMC4364932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides serve as signature motifs for different cellular membranes and often are required for the function of membrane proteins. Here, we summarize clear evidence supporting the concept that many ion channels are regulated by membrane phosphoinositides. We describe tools used to test their dependence on phosphoinositides, especially phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, and consider mechanisms and biological meanings of phosphoinositide regulation of ion channels. This lipid regulation can underlie changes of channel activity and electrical excitability in response to receptors. Since different intracellular membranes have different lipid compositions, the activity of ion channels still in transit towards their final destination membrane may be suppressed until they reach an optimal lipid environment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Phosphoinositides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertil Hille
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7290, USA.
| | - Eamonn J Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7290, USA.
| | - Martin Kruse
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7290, USA.
| | - Oscar Vivas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7290, USA.
| | - Byung-Chang Suh
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Taberner FJ, Fernández-Ballester G, Fernández-Carvajal A, Ferrer-Montiel A. TRP channels interaction with lipids and its implications in disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:1818-27. [PMID: 25838124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a family of ion channels central for sensory signaling. These receptors and, in particular, those involved in thermal sensing are also involved in pain signaling. Noteworthy, thermosensory receptors are polymodal ion channels that respond to both physical and chemical stimuli, thus integrating different environmental clues. In addition, their activity is modulated by algesic agents and lipidergic substances that are primarily released in pathological states. Lipids and lipid-like molecules have been found that can directly activate some thermosensory channels or modulate their activity by either potentiating or inhibiting it. To date, more than 50 endogenous lipids that can regulate TRP channel activity in sensory neurons have been described, thus representing the majority of known endogenous TRP channel modulators. Lipid modulators of TRP channels comprise lipids from a variety of metabolic pathways, including metabolites of the cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome-P450 pathways, phospholipids and lysophospholipids. Therefore, TRP-channels are able to integrate and interpret incoming signals from the different metabolic lipid pathways. Taken together, the large number of lipids that can activate, sensitize or inhibit neuronal TRP-channels highlights the pivotal role of these molecules in sensory biology as well as in pain transduction and perception. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipid-protein interactions. Guest Editors: Amitabha Chattopadhyay and Jean-Marie Ruysschaert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Taberner
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.
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36
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Differential regulation of proton-sensitive ion channels by phospholipids: a comparative study between ASICs and TRPV1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122014. [PMID: 25781982 PMCID: PMC4362947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protons are released in pain-generating pathological conditions such as inflammation, ischemic stroke, infection, and cancer. During normal synaptic activities, protons are thought to play a role in neurotransmission processes. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are typical proton sensors in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In addition to ASICs, capsaicin- and heat-activated transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels can also mediate proton-mediated pain signaling. In spite of their importance in perception of pH fluctuations, the regulatory mechanisms of these proton-sensitive ion channels still need to be further investigated. Here, we compared regulation of ASICs and TRPV1 by membrane phosphoinositides, which are general cofactors of many receptors and ion channels. We observed that ASICs do not require membrane phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P) or phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) for their function. However, TRPV1 currents were inhibited by simultaneous breakdown of PI(4)P and PI(4,5)P2. By using a novel chimeric protein, CF-PTEN, that can specifically dephosphorylate at the D3 position of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3), we also observed that neither ASICs nor TRPV1 activities were altered by depletion of PI(3,4,5)P3 in intact cells. Finally, we compared the effects of arachidonic acid (AA) on two proton-sensitive ion channels. We observed that AA potentiates the currents of both ASICs and TRPV1, but that they have different recovery aspects. In conclusion, ASICs and TRPV1 have different sensitivities toward membrane phospholipids, such as PI(4)P, PI(4,5)P2, and AA, although they have common roles as proton sensors. Further investigation about the complementary roles and respective contributions of ASICs and TRPV1 in proton-mediated signaling is necessary.
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37
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Abstract
The ability of the body to perceive noxious stimuli lies in a heterogeneous group of primary somatosensory neurons termed nociceptors. The molecular receptors of noxious mechanical, temperature, or chemical stimuli are expressed in these neurons and have drawn considerable attention as possible targets for analgesic development to improve treatment for the millions who suffer from chronic pain conditions. A number of thermoTRPs, a subset of the transient receptor potential family of ion channels, are activated by a wide range on noxious stimuli. In this review, we review the function of these channels and examine the evidence that thermoTRPs play a vital role in acute, inflammatory and neuropathic nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J Laing
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ajay Dhaka
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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38
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Sun X, Zakharian E. Regulation of the temperature-dependent activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) by phospholipids in planar lipid bilayers. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:4741-4747. [PMID: 25561742 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.611459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) proteins are heat-activated nonselective cation channels. TRPV1 channels are polymodal in their function and exhibit multifaceted regulation with various molecular compounds. In this regard, phosphoinositides, particularly phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, are important channel regulators. However, their effects on TRPV1 channel activity have not been conclusively determined. To characterize temperature-induced activation of TRPV1 in the presence of different phospholipids, we purified the TRPV1 protein from HEK-293 cells and incorporated it into planar lipid bilayers. In the presence of 2.5 μm phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, TRPV1 channels demonstrated rapid activation at 33-39 °C and achieved full channel opening at 42 °C. At this temperature range, TRPV1 heat activation exhibited steep temperature dependence (temperature coefficient (Q10) of 18), and the channel openings were accompanied by large changes in entropy and enthalpy, suggesting a substantial conformation change. At a similar temperature range, another phosphoinositide, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, also potentiated heat activation of TRPV1, but with much lower efficiency. Negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol could also induce heat activation of TRPV1 channels, although with a small-conductance state. Our data demonstrate that phospholipids, specifically phosphoinositides, are important regulators of TRPV1 and are required for heat-induced channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Sun
- From the Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois 61605
| | - Eleonora Zakharian
- From the Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois 61605.
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39
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Poblete H, Oyarzún I, Olivero P, Comer J, Zuñiga M, Sepulveda RV, Báez-Nieto D, González Leon C, González-Nilo F, Latorre R. Molecular determinants of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) binding to transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) channels. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2086-98. [PMID: 25425643 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.613620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) has been recognized as an important activator of certain transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. More specifically, TRPV1 is a pain receptor activated by a wide range of stimuli. However, whether or not PI(4,5)P2 is a TRPV1 agonist remains open to debate. Utilizing a combined approach of mutagenesis and molecular modeling, we identified a PI(4,5)P2 binding site located between the TRP box and the S4-S5 linker. At this site, PI(4,5)P2 interacts with the amino acid residues Arg-575 and Arg-579 in the S4-S5 linker and with Lys-694 in the TRP box. We confirmed that PI(4,5)P2 behaves as a channel agonist and found that Arg-575, Arg-579, and Lys-694 mutations to alanine reduce PI(4,5)P2 binding affinity. Additionally, in silico mutations R575A, R579A, and K694A showed that the reduction in binding affinity results from the delocalization of PI(4,5)P2 in the binding pocket. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that PI(4,5)P2 binding induces conformational rearrangements of the structure formed by S6 and the TRP domain, which cause an opening of the lower TRPV1 channel gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Poblete
- From the Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Simulation, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca-Chile
| | - Ingrid Oyarzún
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2366103, Chile
| | - Pablo Olivero
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Hontaneda 2664, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jeffrey Comer
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, P-200 Mosier Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5802
| | - Matías Zuñiga
- Doctorado Fisicoquímica Molecular, Universidad Andrés Bello, Ave, Republica 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Romina V Sepulveda
- Doctorado en Biotecnología, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. Republica 217, Santiago, Chile, and Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 239, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Báez-Nieto
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2366103, Chile
| | - Carlos González Leon
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2366103, Chile
| | - Fernando González-Nilo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2366103, Chile, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 239, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramón Latorre
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2366103, Chile,
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40
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Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels are activated by stimuli as diverse as heat, cold, noxious chemicals, mechanical forces, hormones, neurotransmitters, spices, and voltage. Besides their presumably similar general architecture, probably the only common factor regulating them is phosphoinositides. The regulation of TRP channels by phosphoinositides is complex. There are a large number of TRP channels where phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2 or PIP2] acts as a positive cofactor, similarly to many other ion channels. In several cases, however, PI(4,5)P2 inhibits TRP channel activity, sometimes even concurrently with the activating effect. This chapter will provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on regulation of TRP channels by membrane phosphoinositides.
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41
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Morales-Lázaro SL, Rosenbaum T. A painful link between the TRPV1 channel and lysophosphatidic acid. Life Sci 2014; 125:15-24. [PMID: 25445434 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel is expressed mainly by sensory neurons that detect noxious stimuli from the environment such as high temperatures and pungent compounds (such as allicin and capsaicin) and has been extensively linked to painful and inflammatory processes. This extraordinary protein also responds to endogenous stimuli among which we find molecules of a lipidic nature. We recently described that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lysophospholipid linked to the generation and maintenance of pain, can directly activate TRPV1 and produce pain by binding to the channels' C-terminal region, specifically to residue K710. In an effort to further understand how activation of TRPV1 is achieved by this negatively-charged lipid, we used several synthetic and naturally-occurring lipids to determine the structural requirements that need to be met by these charged lipids in order to produce the activation of TRPV1. In this review, we detail the findings obtained by other research groups and our own on the field of TRPV1-regulation by negatively-charged lipids and discuss the possible therapeutic relevance of these findings on the basis of the role of TRPV1 in pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Morales-Lázaro
- Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
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42
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Morales-Lázaro SL, Serrano-Flores B, Llorente I, Hernández-García E, González-Ramírez R, Banerjee S, Miller D, Gududuru V, Fells J, Norman D, Tigyi G, Escalante-Alcalde D, Rosenbaum T. Structural determinants of the transient receptor potential 1 (TRPV1) channel activation by phospholipid analogs. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24079-90. [PMID: 25035428 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.572503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel is a polymodal protein that responds to various stimuli, including capsaicin (the pungent compound found in chili peppers), extracellular acid, and basic intracellular pH, temperatures close to 42 °C, and several lipids. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an endogenous lipid widely associated with neuropathic pain, is an agonist of the TRPV1 channel found in primary afferent nociceptors and is activated by other noxious stimuli. Agonists or antagonists of lipid and other chemical natures are known to possess specific structural requirements for producing functional effects on their targets. To better understand how LPA and other lipid analogs might interact and affect the function of TRPV1, we set out to determine the structural features of these lipids that result in the activation of TRPV1. By changing the acyl chain length, saturation, and headgroup of these LPA analogs, we established strict requirements for activation of TRPV1. Among the natural LPA analogs, we found that only LPA 18:1, alkylglycerophosphate 18:1, and cyclic phosphatidic acid 18:1, all with a monounsaturated C18 hydrocarbon chain activate TRPV1, whereas polyunsaturated and saturated analogs do not. Thus, TRPV1 shows a more restricted ligand specificity compared with LPA G-protein-coupled receptors. We synthesized fatty alcohol phosphates and thiophosphates and found that many of them with a single double bond in position Δ9, 10, or 11 and Δ9 cyclopropyl group can activate TRPV1 with efficacy similar to capsaicin. Finally, we developed a pharmacophore and proposed a mechanistic model for how these lipids could induce a conformational change that activates TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Morales-Lázaro
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Barbara Serrano-Flores
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Itzel Llorente
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Enrique Hernández-García
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- the Departmento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", México, D.F. 14080, México
| | - Souvik Banerjee
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Duane Miller
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | | | - James Fells
- the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Derek Norman
- the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Diana Escalante-Alcalde
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- From the Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México,
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