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Piccirilli F, Vondracek H, Silvestrini L, Parisse P, Spinozzi F, Vaccari L, Toma A, Aglieri V, Casalis L, Piccionello AP, Mariani P, Birarda G, Ortore MG. Dimeric and monomeric conformation of SARS-CoV-2 main protease: New technical approaches based on IR radiation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 322:124772. [PMID: 39003826 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The main proteases Mpro are a group of highly conserved cysteine hydrolases in β-coronaviruses. They have been demonstrated to play an unavoidable role in viral replication, and consequently they have been suggested as key targets for treating coronavirus-caused infectious diseases, mainly from the COVID-19 epidemic. Since the most functional form for Mpro enzymatic activity is associated to its homodimer, compounds inhibiting dimerization should also inhibit catalytic activity. We show how PIR-SEIRA (Plasmonic Internal Reflection-Surface Enhanced InfraRed Absorption) spectroscopy can be a noteworthy technique to study proteins subtle structural variations associated to inhibitor binding. Nanoantennas arrays can selectively confine and enhance electromagnetic field via localized plasmonic resonances, thus promoting ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules in close proximity of nanoantenna arrays and enabling the effective investigation of protein monolayers. By adopting this approach, reflection measurements conducted under back illumination of nanoantennas allow to probe anchored protein monolayers, with minimum contribution of environmental buffer molecules. PIR-SEIRA spectroscopy on Mpro was carried out by ad hoc designed devices, resonating in the spectral region of Amide I and Amide II bands. We evaluated here the structure of anchored monomers and dimers in different buffered environment and in presence of a newly designed Mpro inhibitor. Experimental results show that dimerization is not associated to relevant backbone rearrangements of the protein at secondary structure level, and even if the compound inhibits the dimerization, it is not effective at breaking preformed dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hendrik Vondracek
- Elettra-Synchrotron Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, Basovizza, Trieste, I-34149, Italy
| | - Lucia Silvestrini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, via brecce bianche, Ancona, I-60131, Italy
| | - Pietro Parisse
- Elettra-Synchrotron Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, Basovizza, Trieste, I-34149, Italy; CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Spinozzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, via brecce bianche, Ancona, I-60131, Italy
| | - Lisa Vaccari
- Elettra-Synchrotron Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, Basovizza, Trieste, I-34149, Italy
| | - Andrea Toma
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genova, I- 16163, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Aglieri
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genova, I- 16163, Italy
| | - Loredana Casalis
- Elettra-Synchrotron Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, Basovizza, Trieste, I-34149, Italy
| | - Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, viale delle scienze, Palermo, I-90133, Italy
| | - Paolo Mariani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, via brecce bianche, Ancona, I-60131, Italy
| | - Giovanni Birarda
- Elettra-Synchrotron Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, Basovizza, Trieste, I-34149, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Ortore
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, via brecce bianche, Ancona, I-60131, Italy.
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2
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Mirchandani-Duque M, Choucri M, Hernández-Mondragón JC, Crespo-Ramírez M, Pérez-Olives C, Ferraro L, Franco R, Pérez de la Mora M, Fuxe K, Borroto-Escuela DO. Membrane Heteroreceptor Complexes as Second-Order Protein Modulators: A Novel Integrative Mechanism through Allosteric Receptor-Receptor Interactions. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:96. [PMID: 38786931 PMCID: PMC11122807 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Bioluminescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (BRET and FRET) together with the proximity ligation method revealed the existence of G-protein-coupled receptors, Ionotropic and Receptor tyrosine kinase heterocomplexes, e.g., A2AR-D2R, GABAA-D5R, and FGFR1-5-HT1AR heterocomplexes. Molecular integration takes place through allosteric receptor-receptor interactions in heteroreceptor complexes of synaptic and extra-synaptic regions. It involves the modulation of receptor protomer recognition, signaling and trafficking, as well as the modulation of behavioral responses. Allosteric receptor-receptor interactions in hetero-complexes give rise to concepts like meta-modulation and protein modulation. The introduction of receptor-receptor interactions was the origin of the concept of meta-modulation provided by Katz and Edwards in 1999, which stood for the fine-tuning or modulation of nerve cell transmission. In 2000-2010, Ribeiro and Sebastiao, based on a series of papers, provided strong support for their view that adenosine can meta-modulate (fine-tune) synaptic transmission through adenosine receptors. However, another term should also be considered: protein modulation, which is the key feature of allosteric receptor-receptor interactions leading to learning and consolidation by novel adapter proteins to memory. Finally, it must be underlined that allosteric receptor-receptor interactions and their involvement both in brain disease and its treatment are of high interest. Their pathophysiological relevance has been obtained, especially for major depressive disorder, cocaine use disorder, and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mirchandani-Duque
- Receptomics and Brain Disorders Lab, Department of Human Physiology Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Malak Choucri
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum (B0852), Solnavägen 9, 17165 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Juan C. Hernández-Mondragón
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (J.C.H.-M.); (M.C.-R.); (M.P.d.l.M.)
| | - Minerva Crespo-Ramírez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (J.C.H.-M.); (M.C.-R.); (M.P.d.l.M.)
| | - Catalina Pérez-Olives
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Medicinal and Health Products University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Rafael Franco
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Medicinal and Health Products University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Miguel Pérez de la Mora
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (J.C.H.-M.); (M.C.-R.); (M.P.d.l.M.)
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum (B0852), Solnavägen 9, 17165 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela
- Receptomics and Brain Disorders Lab, Department of Human Physiology Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum (B0852), Solnavägen 9, 17165 Solna, Sweden;
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3
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Guidolin D, Tortorella C, Marcoli M, Cervetto C, De Caro R, Maura G, Agnati LF. Modulation of Neuron and Astrocyte Dopamine Receptors via Receptor-Receptor Interactions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1427. [PMID: 37895898 PMCID: PMC10610355 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine neurotransmission plays critical roles in regulating complex cognitive and behavioral processes including reward, motivation, reinforcement learning, and movement. Dopamine receptors are classified into five subtypes, widely distributed across the brain, including regions responsible for motor functions and specific areas related to cognitive and emotional functions. Dopamine also acts on astrocytes, which express dopamine receptors as well. The discovery of direct receptor-receptor interactions, leading to the formation of multimeric receptor complexes at the cell membrane and providing the cell decoding apparatus with flexible dynamics in terms of recognition and signal transduction, has expanded the knowledge of the G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated signaling processes. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of currently identified receptor complexes containing dopamine receptors and of their modulatory action on dopamine-mediated signaling between neurons and between neurons and astrocytes. Pharmacological possibilities offered by targeting receptor complexes in terms of addressing neuropsychiatric disorders associated with altered dopamine signaling will also be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (C.T.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Cinzia Tortorella
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (C.T.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy; (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy; (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (C.T.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy; (M.M.); (C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Luigi F. Agnati
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic Sciences and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
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Zegers-Delgado J, Aguilera-Soza A, Calderón F, Davidson H, Verbel-Vergara D, Yarur HE, Novoa J, Blanlot C, Bastias CP, Andrés ME, Gysling K. Type 1 Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor Differentially Modulates Neurotransmitter Levels in the Nucleus Accumbens of Juvenile versus Adult Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810800. [PMID: 36142716 PMCID: PMC9505341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adversity is particularly pernicious in early life, increasing the likelihood of developing psychiatric disorders in adulthood. Juvenile and adult rats exposed to social isolation show differences in anxiety-like behaviors and significant changes in dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Brain response to stress is partly mediated by the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system, composed of CRF and its two main receptors, CRF-R1 and CRF-R2. In the NAc shell of adult rats, CRF induces anxiety-like behavior and changes local DA balance. However, the role of CRF receptors in the control of neurotransmission in the NAc is not fully understood, nor is it known whether there are differences between life stages. Our previous data showed that infusion of a CRF-R1 antagonist into the NAc of juvenile rats increased DA levels in response to a depolarizing stimulus and decreased basal glutamate levels. To extend this analysis, we now evaluated the effect of a CRF-R1 antagonist infusion in the NAc of adult rats. Here, we describe that the opposite occurred in the NAc of adult compared to juvenile rats. Infusion of a CRF-R1 antagonist decreased DA and increased glutamate levels in response to a depolarizing stimulus. Furthermore, basal levels of DA, glutamate, and γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) were similar in juvenile animals compared to adults. CRF-R1 protein levels and localization were not different in juvenile compared to adult rats. Interestingly, we observed differences in the signaling pathways of CRF-R1 in the NAc of juveniles compared to adult rats. We propose that the function of CRF-R1 receptors is differentially modulated in the NAc according to life stage.
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5
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Reininghaus N, Paisdzior S, Höpfner F, Jyrch S, Cetindag C, Scheerer P, Kühnen P, Biebermann H. A Setmelanotide-like Effect at MC4R Is Achieved by MC4R Dimer Separation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081119. [PMID: 36009013 PMCID: PMC9405727 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is part of the leptin-melanocortin pathway and plays an essential role in mediating energy homeostasis. Mutations in the MC4R are the most frequent monogenic cause for obesity. Due to increasing numbers of people with excess body weight, the MC4R has become a target of interest in the search of treatment options. We have previously reported that the MC4R forms homodimers, affecting receptor Gs signaling properties. Recent studies introducing setmelanotide, a novel synthetic MC4R agonist, suggest a predominant role of the Gq/11 pathway regarding weight regulation. In this study, we analyzed effects of inhibiting homodimerization on Gq/11 signaling using previously reported MC4R/CB1R chimeras. NanoBRETTM studies to determine protein–protein interaction were conducted, confirming decreased homodimerization capacities of chimeric receptors in HEK293 cells. Gq/11 signaling of chimeric receptors was analyzed using luciferase-based reporter gene (NFAT) assays. Results demonstrate an improvement of alpha-MSH-induced NFAT signaling of chimeras, reaching the level of setmelanotide signaling at wild-type MC4R (MC4R-WT). In summary, our study shows that inhibiting homodimerization has a setmelanotide-like effect on Gq/11 signaling, with chimeric receptors presenting increased potency compared to MC4R-WT. These findings indicate the potential of inhibiting MC4R homodimerization as a therapeutic target to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanina Reininghaus
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Paisdzior
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Höpfner
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Jyrch
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cigdem Cetindag
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kühnen
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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6
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Ferré S, Ciruela F, Dessauer CW, González-Maeso J, Hébert TE, Jockers R, Logothetis DE, Pardo L. G protein-coupled receptor-effector macromolecular membrane assemblies (GEMMAs). Pharmacol Ther 2022; 231:107977. [PMID: 34480967 PMCID: PMC9375844 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest group of receptors involved in cellular signaling across the plasma membrane and a major class of drug targets. The canonical model for GPCR signaling involves three components - the GPCR, a heterotrimeric G protein and a proximal plasma membrane effector - that have been generally thought to be freely mobile molecules able to interact by 'collision coupling'. Here, we synthesize evidence that supports the existence of GPCR-effector macromolecular membrane assemblies (GEMMAs) comprised of specific GPCRs, G proteins, plasma membrane effector molecules and other associated transmembrane proteins that are pre-assembled prior to receptor activation by agonists, which then leads to subsequent rearrangement of the GEMMA components. The GEMMA concept offers an alternative and complementary model to the canonical collision-coupling model, allowing more efficient interactions between specific signaling components, as well as the integration of the concept of GPCR oligomerization as well as GPCR interactions with orphan receptors, truncated GPCRs and other membrane-localized GPCR-associated proteins. Collision-coupling and pre-assembled mechanisms are not exclusive and likely both operate in the cell, providing a spectrum of signaling modalities which explains the differential properties of a multitude of GPCRs in their different cellular environments. Here, we explore the unique pharmacological characteristics of individual GEMMAs, which could provide new opportunities to therapeutically modulate GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Addiction, Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carmen W. Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Javier González-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Terence E. Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec
| | - Ralf Jockers
- University of Paris, Institute Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Diomedes E. Logothetis
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy at the Bouvé College of Health Sciences and College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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7
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Işbilir A, Serfling R, Möller J, Thomas R, De Faveri C, Zabel U, Scarselli M, Beck-Sickinger AG, Bock A, Coin I, Lohse MJ, Annibale P. Determination of G-protein-coupled receptor oligomerization by molecular brightness analyses in single cells. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1419-1451. [PMID: 33514946 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oligomerization of membrane proteins has received intense research interest because of their importance in cellular signaling and the large pharmacological and clinical potential this offers. Fluorescence imaging methods are emerging as a valid tool to quantify membrane protein oligomerization at high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for an image-based method to determine the number and oligomerization state of fluorescently labeled prototypical G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the basis of small out-of-equilibrium fluctuations in fluorescence (i.e., molecular brightness) in single cells. The protocol provides a step-by-step procedure that includes instructions for (i) a flexible labeling strategy for the protein of interest (using fluorescent proteins, small self-labeling tags or bio-orthogonal labeling) and the appropriate controls, (ii) performing temporal and spatial brightness image acquisition on a confocal microscope and (iii) analyzing and interpreting the data, excluding clusters and intensity hot-spots commonly observed in receptor distributions. Although specifically tailored for GPCRs, this protocol can be applied to diverse classes of membrane proteins of interest. The complete protocol can be implemented in 1 month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Işbilir
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Serfling
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Möller
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Romy Thomas
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara De Faveri
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Zabel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andreas Bock
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Coin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin J Lohse
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. .,ISAR Bioscience Institute, Munich, Germany.
| | - Paolo Annibale
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Christie S, Shi X, Smith AW. Resolving Membrane Protein-Protein Interactions in Live Cells with Pulsed Interleaved Excitation Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:792-799. [PMID: 32227891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell plasma membrane (PM) contains thousands of proteins that sense and respond to the outside environment. These proteins have evolved sensitivity to a wide variety of physical and chemical signals and act as a delivery system across the PM. Membrane proteins are critical for information flow and decision making in the cell and thus are important targets in drug development. A critical aspect of membrane protein function is the way they interact with other proteins, often through the formation of dimers or small oligomers that regulate function at the protein, cell, and organism levels. Resolving membrane protein interactions in a live cell environment is challenging because of the chemical diversity and spatial heterogeneity of the PM. In this Account, we describe a fluorescence technique called pulsed interleaved excitation fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (PIE-FCCS) that is ideally suited to quantify membrane associations in live cells. PIE-FCCS is a two-color fluorescence fluctuation method that can simultaneously measure the concentration, mobility, proximity, and oligomerization state of membrane proteins in situ. It has several advantages over two related approaches, single-molecule tracking (SMT) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), including that it measures all of the properties listed above in a single measurement. Another advantage is that PIE-FCCS is most sensitive at the physiological expression levels for many membrane proteins rather than the very low or high levels typical in other techniques. Here, we review the history of FCCS as it has been applied to study membrane protein interactions in cells. We also describe PIE-FCCS and the advantages it has over biochemical approaches like coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and proximity ligation assays (PLA). Finally, we review two classes of membrane proteins that have been studied with FCCS and PIE-FCCS: receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). For RTKs, ligand induced dimerization directly regulates the catalytic activity of the kinase, but higher order oligomerization and ligand-independent dimerization can complicate this historically simple paradigm. PIE-FCCS data have resolved a low population of EGFR dimers under basal conditions and assembly into multimers when stimulated with ligand. While GPCRs function primarily as monomers, dimerization has been hypothesized to regulate function for some receptors. PIE-FCCS data have established the dimerization potential of rhodopsin at low densities and were critical for the discovery of a novel dimerization interface in human cone opsins. This Account describes the how FCCS and PIE-FCCS can reveal the details of quaternary interactions in each of these receptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Christie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Adam W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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9
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Ferré S, Ciruela F, Casadó V, Pardo L. Oligomerization of G protein-coupled receptors: Still doubted? PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 169:297-321. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Wäschenbach L, Gertzen CGW, Keitel V, Gohlke H. Dimerization energetics of the G-protein coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 from all-atom simulations. J Comput Chem 2019; 41:874-884. [PMID: 31880348 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe the first extensive energetic evaluation of GPCR dimerization on the atomistic level by means of potential of mean force (PMF) computations and implicit solvent/implicit membrane end-point free energy calculations (MM-PBSA approach). Free energies of association computed from the PMFs show that the formation of both the 1/8 and 4/5 interface is energetically favorable for TGR5, the first GPCR known to be activated by hydrophobic bile acids and neurosteroids. Furthermore, formation of the 1/8 interface is favored over that of the 4/5 interface. Both results are in line with our previous FRET experiments in live cells. Differences in lipid-protein interactions are identified to contribute to the observed differences in free energies of association. A per-residue decomposition of the MM-PBSA effective binding energy reveals hot spot residues specific for both interfaces that form clusters. This knowledge may be used to guide the design of dimerization inhibitors or perform mutational studies to explore physiological consequences of distorted TGR5 association. Finally, we characterized the role of Y111, located in the conserved (D/E)RY motif, as a facilitator of TGR5 interactions. The types of computations performed here should be transferable to other transmembrane proteins that form dimers or higher oligomers as long as good structural models of the dimeric or oligomeric states are available. Such computations may help to overcome current restrictions due to an imperfect energetic representation of protein association at the coarse-grained level. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wäschenbach
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph G W Gertzen
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), and Institute for Complex Systems-Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Verena Keitel
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), and Institute for Complex Systems-Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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11
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Sinphitukkul K, Manotham K, Eiam-Ong S, Eiam-Ong S. Aldosterone nongenomically induces angiotensin II receptor dimerization in rat kidney: role of mineralocorticoid receptor and NADPH oxidase. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1589-1598. [PMID: 31749889 PMCID: PMC6855162 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.87135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous in vitro studies demonstrated that aldosterone nongenomically induces transglutaminase (TG) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which enhanced angiotensin II receptor (ATR) dimerization. There are no in vivo data in the kidney. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline solution, or aldosterone (Aldo: 150 μg/kg BW); or received pretreatment with eplerenone (mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blocker, Ep. + Aldo), or with apocynin (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor, Apo. + Aldo) 30 min before aldosterone. Thirty minutes after aldosterone injection, protein abundances of dimeric and monomeric forms of AT1R and AT2R, and protein abundances and localizations of TG2 and p47phox, a cytosolic subunit of NADPH oxidase, were determined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS Protein abundances of dimeric forms of AT1R and AT2R were enhanced by 170% and 70%, respectively. Apocynin could block dimeric forms of both receptors while eplerenone inhibited only AT2R. Monomeric protein levels of both receptors were maintained. Aldosterone significantly enhanced TG2 and p47phox protein abundances, which were blunted by eplerenone or apocynin. Aldosterone stimulated p47phox protein expression in both the cortex and the medulla while TG2 was induced mostly in the medulla. Eplerenone or apocynin normalized the immunoreactivity of both TG2 and p47phox. CONCLUSIONS This is the first in vivo study demonstrating that aldosterone nongenomically increases renal TG2 and p47phox protein expression and then activates AT1R and AT2R dimerizations. Aldosterone-stimulated AT1R and AT2R dimerizations are mediated through activation of NADPH oxidase. Aldosterone-induced AT1R dimer formation is an MR-independent pathway, whereas the formation of AT2R dimer is modulated in an MR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krissanapong Manotham
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Lerdsin General Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Eiam-Ong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchit Eiam-Ong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Marcinkowski P, Kreuchwig A, Mendieta S, Hoyer I, Witte F, Furkert J, Rutz C, Lentz D, Krause G, Schülein R. Thyrotropin Receptor: Allosteric Modulators Illuminate Intramolecular Signaling Mechanisms at the Interface of Ecto- and Transmembrane Domain. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:452-462. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.116947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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Serfling R, Seidel L, Bock A, Lohse MJ, Annibale P, Coin I. Quantitative Single-Residue Bioorthogonal Labeling of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Live Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1141-1149. [PMID: 31074969 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-end microscopy studies of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) require installing onto the receptors bright and photostable dyes. Labeling must occur in quantitative yields, to allow stoichiometric data analysis, and in a minimally invasive fashion, to avoid perturbing GPCR function. We demonstrate here that the genetic incorporation of trans-cyclooct-2-ene lysine (TCO*) allows achieving quantitative single-residue labeling of the extracellular loops of the β2-adrenergic and the muscarinic M2 class A GPCRs, as well as of the corticotropin releasing factor class B GPCR. Labeling occurs within a few minutes by reaction with dye-tetrazine conjugates on the surface of live cells and preserves the functionality of the receptors. To precisely quantify the labeling yields, we devise a method based on fluorescence fluctuation microscopy that extracts the number of labeling sites at the single-cell level. Further, we show that single-residue labeling is better suited for studies of GPCR diffusion than fluorescent-protein tags, since the latter can affect the mobility of the receptor. Finally, by performing dual-color competitive labeling on a single TCO* site, we devise a method to estimate the oligomerization state of a GPCR without the need for a biological monomeric reference, which facilitates the application of fluorescence methods to oligomerization studies. As TCO* and the dye-tetrazines used in this study are commercially available and the described microscopy techniques can be performed on a commercial microscope, we expect our approach to be widely applicable to fluorescence microscopy studies of membrane proteins in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Serfling
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Seidel
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bock
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin J. Lohse
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paolo Annibale
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Coin
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Moreno E, Cavic M, Krivokuca A, Casadó V, Canela E. The Endocannabinoid System as a Target in Cancer Diseases: Are We There Yet? Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:339. [PMID: 31024307 PMCID: PMC6459931 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been placed in the anti-cancer spotlight in the last decade. The immense data load published on its dual role in both tumorigenesis and inhibition of tumor growth and metastatic spread has transformed the cannabinoid receptors CB1 (CB1R) and CB2 (CB2R), and other members of the endocannabinoid-like system, into attractive new targets for the treatment of various cancer subtypes. Although the clinical use of cannabinoids has been extensively documented in the palliative setting, clinical trials on their application as anti-cancer drugs are still ongoing. As drug repurposing is significantly faster and more economical than de novo introduction of a new drug into the clinic, there is hope that the existing pharmacokinetic and safety data on the ECS ligands will contribute to their successful translation into oncological healthcare. CB1R and CB2R are members of a large family of membrane proteins called G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). GPCRs can form homodimers, heterodimers and higher order oligomers with other GPCRs or non-GPCRs. Currently, several CB1R and CB2R-containing heteromers have been reported and, in cancer cells, CB2R form heteromers with the G protein-coupled chemokine receptor CXCR4, the G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) and the tyrosine kinase receptor (TKR) human V-Erb-B2 Avian Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog 2 (HER2). These protein complexes possess unique pharmacological and signaling properties, and their modulation might affect the antitumoral activity of the ECS. This review will explore the potential of the endocannabinoid network in the anti-cancer setting as well as the clinical and ethical pitfalls behind it, and will develop on the value of cannabinoid receptor heteromers as potential new targets for anti-cancer therapies and as prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Milena Cavic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Krivokuca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enric Canela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Cortés A, Casadó-Anguera V, Moreno E, Casadó V. The heterotetrameric structure of the adenosine A 1-dopamine D 1 receptor complex: Pharmacological implication for restless legs syndrome. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 84:37-78. [PMID: 31229177 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic and purinergic signaling play a pivotal role in neurological diseases associated with motor symptoms, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington disease, Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), spinal cord injury (SCI), and ataxias. Extracellular dopamine and adenosine exert their functions interacting with specific dopamine (DR) or adenosine (AR) receptors, respectively, expressed on the surface of target cells. These receptors are members of the family A of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which is the largest protein superfamily in mammalian genomes. GPCRs are target of about 40% of all current marketed drugs, highlighting their importance in clinical medicine. The striatum receives the densest dopamine innervations and contains the highest density of dopamine receptors. The modulatory role of adenosine on dopaminergic transmission depends largely on the existence of antagonistic interactions mediated by specific subtypes of DRs and ARs, the so-called A2AR-D2R and A1R-D1R interactions. Due to the dopamine/adenosine antagonism in the CNS, it was proposed that ARs and DRs could form heteromers in the neuronal cell surface. Therefore, adenosine can affect dopaminergic signaling through receptor-receptor interactions and by modulations in their shared intracellular pathways in the striatum and spinal cord. In this work we describe the allosteric modulations between GPCR protomers, focusing in those of adenosine and dopamine within the A1R-D1R heteromeric complex, which is involved in RLS. We also propose that the knowledge about the intricate allosteric interactions within the A1R-D1R heterotetramer, may facilitate the treatment of motor alterations, not only when the dopamine pathway is hyperactivated (RLS, chorea, etc.) but also when motor function is decreased (SCI, aging, PD, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Cortés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verònica Casadó-Anguera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Marcinkowski P, Hoyer I, Specker E, Furkert J, Rutz C, Neuenschwander M, Sobottka S, Sun H, Nazare M, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U, von Kries JP, Eckstein A, Schülein R, Krause G. A New Highly Thyrotropin Receptor-Selective Small-Molecule Antagonist with Potential for the Treatment of Graves' Orbitopathy. Thyroid 2019; 29:111-123. [PMID: 30351237 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) is the target for autoimmune thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb) triggering hyperthyroidism. Whereas elevated thyroid hormone synthesis by the thyroid in Graves' disease can be treated by antithyroid agents, for the pathogenic activation of TSHR in retro-orbital fibroblasts of the eye, leading to Graves' orbitopathy (GO), no causal TSHR directed therapy is available. METHODS Due to the therapeutic gap for severe GO, TSHR inhibitors were identified by high-throughput screening in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the TSHR. Stereo-selective synthesis of the screening hits led to the molecule S37, which contains seven chiral centers. Enantiomeric separation of the molecule S37 resulted in the enantiopure molecule S37a-a micro-molar antagonist of thyrotropin-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate accumulation in HEK 293 cells expressing the TSHR. RESULTS The unique rigid bent shape of molecule S37a may mediate the observed high TSHR selectivity. Most importantly, the closely related follitropin and lutropin receptors were not affected by this compound. S37a not only inhibits the TSHR activation by thyrotropin itself but also activation by monoclonal TSAb M22 (human), KSAb1 (murine), and the allosteric small-molecule agonist C2. Disease-related ex vivo studies in HEK 293 cells expressing the TSHR showed that S37a also inhibits cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation by oligoclonal TSAb, which are highly enriched in GO patients' sera. Initial in vivo pharmacokinetic studies revealed no toxicity of S37a and a remarkable 53% oral bioavailability in mice. CONCLUSION In summary, a novel highly selective inhibitor for the TSHR is presented, which has promising potential for further development for the treatment of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inna Hoyer
- 1 Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edgar Specker
- 1 Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Furkert
- 1 Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Rutz
- 1 Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Sobottka
- 1 Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Han Sun
- 1 Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Nazare
- 1 Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Anja Eckstein
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ralf Schülein
- 1 Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Krause
- 1 Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Deussing JM, Chen A. The Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Family: Physiology of the Stress Response. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:2225-2286. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological stress response is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the presence of real or perceived challenges. In this function, the brain activates adaptive responses that involve numerous neural circuits and effector molecules to adapt to the current and future demands. A maladaptive stress response has been linked to the etiology of a variety of disorders, such as anxiety and mood disorders, eating disorders, and the metabolic syndrome. The neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and its relatives, the urocortins 1–3, in concert with their receptors (CRFR1, CRFR2), have emerged as central components of the physiological stress response. This central peptidergic system impinges on a broad spectrum of physiological processes that are the basis for successful adaptation and concomitantly integrate autonomic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral stress responses. This review focuses on the physiology of CRF-related peptides and their cognate receptors with the aim of providing a comprehensive up-to-date overview of the field. We describe the major molecular features covering aspects of gene expression and regulation, structural properties, and molecular interactions, as well as mechanisms of signal transduction and their surveillance. In addition, we discuss the large body of published experimental studies focusing on state-of-the-art genetic approaches with high temporal and spatial precision, which collectively aimed to dissect the contribution of CRF-related ligands and receptors to different levels of the stress response. We discuss the controversies in the field and unravel knowledge gaps that might pave the way for future research directions and open up novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Deussing
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; and Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Chen
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; and Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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18
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Hagiwara SI, Kaushal E, Paruthiyil S, Pasricha PJ, Hasdemir B, Bhargava A. Gastric corticotropin-releasing factor influences mast cell infiltration in a rat model of functional dyspepsia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203704. [PMID: 30192883 PMCID: PMC6128656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are characterized by dysregulated gut-brain interactions. Emerging evidence shows that low-grade mucosal inflammation and immune activation contribute to FGIDs, including functional dyspepsia (FD). Stress plays an important role in the onset of FD symptoms. In human subjects with FD, presence of gastric mast cells has been reported, but factors that influence mast cell infiltration remain uncharacterized. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) initiates the body's stress response and is known to degranulate mast cells. In this study, we delineated the role of the CRF system in the pathogenesis of FD in a rat model. Gastric irritation in neonate rat pups with iodoacetamide (IA) was used to induce FD-like symptoms. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to silence gastric CRF expression. Mast cell infiltrate in the stomach increased by 54% in IA-treated rats compared to controls and CRF-RNAi tended to decrease gastric mast cell infiltrate. Sucrose intake decreased in IA-treated rats and mast cell numbers showed a negative association with sucrose intake. IA treatment and transient silencing of gastric CRF increased hypothalamic CRF levels. In IA-treated rats, gastric levels of CRF receptor 2 (CRF2) decreased by ~76%, whereas hypothalamic CRF receptor 1 (CRF1) levels increased. Plasma levels of TNF-α showed a positive correlation with plasma CRF levels. Levels of phosphorylated p38 and ERK1/2 in the stomach showed a positive correlation with gastric CRF levels. Thus, CRF may contribute to low grade inflammation via modulating mast cell infiltration, cytokine levels, MAPK signaling, and the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Hagiwara
- The Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Esha Kaushal
- The Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Sreenivasan Paruthiyil
- The Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Pankaj J. Pasricha
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Burcu Hasdemir
- The Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Aditi Bhargava
- The Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of OBGYN, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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Fischer J, Kleinau G, Rutz C, Zwanziger D, Khajavi N, Müller A, Rehders M, Brix K, Worth CL, Führer D, Krude H, Wiesner B, Schülein R, Biebermann H. Evidence of G-protein-coupled receptor and substrate transporter heteromerization at a single molecule level. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2227-2239. [PMID: 29290039 PMCID: PMC11105501 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can constitute complexes with non-GPCR integral membrane proteins, while such interaction has not been demonstrated at a single molecule level so far. We here investigated the potential interaction between the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) and the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), a member of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS), using fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS). Both the proteins are expressed endogenously on the basolateral plasma membrane of the thyrocytes and are involved in stimulation of thyroid hormone production and release. Indeed, we demonstrate strong interaction between both the proteins which causes a suppressed activation of Gq/11 by TSH-stimulated TSHR. Thus, we provide not only evidence for a novel interaction between the TSHR and MCT8, but could also prove this interaction on a single molecule level. Moreover, this interaction forces biased signaling at the TSHR. These results are of general interest for both the GPCR and the MFS research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Fischer
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Rutz
- Protein Trafficking Group, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Zwanziger
- Division of Laboratory Research, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Noushafarin Khajavi
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Müller
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Rehders
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Klaudia Brix
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Catherine L Worth
- Structural Bioinformatics and Protein Design Group, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Division of Laboratory Research, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Heiko Krude
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Wiesner
- Protein Trafficking Group, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Cellular Imaging Group, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Schülein
- Protein Trafficking Group, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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Calebiro D, Sungkaworn T. Single-Molecule Imaging of GPCR Interactions. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:109-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Briddon SJ, Kilpatrick LE, Hill SJ. Studying GPCR Pharmacology in Membrane Microdomains: Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy Comes of Age. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 39:158-174. [PMID: 29277246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are organised within the cell membrane into highly ordered macromolecular complexes along with other receptors and signalling proteins. Understanding how heterogeneity in these complexes affects the pharmacology and functional response of these receptors is crucial for developing new and more selective ligands. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and related techniques such as photon counting histogram (PCH) analysis and image-based FCS can be used to interrogate the properties of GPCRs in these membrane microdomains, as well as their interaction with fluorescent ligands. FCS analyses fluorescence fluctuations within a small-defined excitation volume to yield information about their movement, concentration and molecular brightness (aggregation). These techniques can be used on live cells with single-molecule sensitivity and high spatial resolution. Once the preserve of specialist equipment, FCS techniques can now be applied using standard confocal microscopes. This review describes how FCS and related techniques have revealed novel insights into GPCR biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Briddon
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Centre for Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Centre for Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Centre for Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands, UK.
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22
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Kasai RS, Ito SV, Awane RM, Fujiwara TK, Kusumi A. The Class-A GPCR Dopamine D2 Receptor Forms Transient Dimers Stabilized by Agonists: Detection by Single-Molecule Tracking. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 76:29-37. [PMID: 29116599 PMCID: PMC5913388 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Whether class-A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) exist and work as monomers or dimers has drawn extensive attention. A class-A GPCR dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) is involved in many physiological and pathological processes and diseases, indicating its critical role in proper functioning of neuronal circuits. In particular, D2R homodimers might play key roles in schizophrenia development and amphetamine-induced psychosis. Here, using single-molecule imaging, we directly tracked single D2R molecules in the plasma membrane at a physiological temperature of 37 °C, and unequivocally determined that D2R forms transient dimers with a lifetime of 68 ms in its resting state. Agonist addition prolonged the dimer lifetime by a factor of ~1.5, suggesting the possibility that transient dimers might be involved in signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinshi S Kasai
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shuichi V Ito
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryo M Awane
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro K Fujiwara
- Center for Meso-Bio Single-Molecule Imaging (CeMI), Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kusumi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. .,Center for Meso-Bio Single-Molecule Imaging (CeMI), Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. .,Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
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23
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Hasdemir B, Mahajan S, Oses-Prieto J, Chand S, Woolley M, Burlingame A, Grammatopoulos DK, Bhargava A. Actin cytoskeleton-dependent regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor heteromers. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2386-2399. [PMID: 28701349 PMCID: PMC5576902 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-11-0778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A physical interaction is shown between CRF1R and CRF2R, two class B G protein–coupled receptors that mediate stress and immune responses. Trafficking of CRF2R but not CRF1R is actin dependent, and coexpression of the two receptors alters actin-independent trafficking. Receptor cross-talk alters agonist binding and signaling. Stress responses are highly nuanced and variable, but how this diversity is achieved by modulating receptor function is largely unknown. Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors (CRFRs), class B G protein–coupled receptors, are pivotal in mediating stress responses. Here we show that the two known CRFRs interact to form heteromeric complexes in HEK293 cells coexpressing both CRFRs and in vivo in mouse pancreas. Coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of both CRF1R and CRF2βR, along with actin in these heteromeric complexes. Inhibition of actin filament polymerization prevented the transport of CRF2βR to the cell surface but had no effect on CRF1R. Transport of CRF1R when coexpressed with CRF2βR became actin dependent. Simultaneous stimulation of cells coexpressing CRF1R+CRF2βR with their respective high-affinity agonists, CRF+urocortin2, resulted in approximately twofold increases in peak Ca2+ responses, whereas stimulation with urocortin1 that binds both receptors with 10-fold higher affinity did not. The ability of CRFRs to form heteromeric complexes in association with regulatory proteins is one mechanism to achieve diverse and nuanced function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Hasdemir
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Shilpi Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Juan Oses-Prieto
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Shreya Chand
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Michael Woolley
- Translational and Systems Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alma Burlingame
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Dimitris K Grammatopoulos
- Translational and Systems Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Aditi Bhargava
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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24
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Leonhardt J, Villela DC, Teichmann A, Münter LM, Mayer MC, Mardahl M, Kirsch S, Namsolleck P, Lucht K, Benz V, Alenina N, Daniell N, Horiuchi M, Iwai M, Multhaup G, Schülein R, Bader M, Santos RA, Unger T, Steckelings UM. Evidence for Heterodimerization and Functional Interaction of the Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor and the Receptor MAS. Hypertension 2017; 69:1128-1135. [PMID: 28461604 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) and the receptor MAS are receptors of the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system. They mediate strikingly similar actions. Moreover, in various studies, AT2R antagonists blocked the effects of MAS agonists and vice versa. Such cross-inhibition may indicate heterodimerization of these receptors. Therefore, this study investigated the molecular and functional interplay between MAS and the AT2R. Molecular interactions were assessed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer and by cross correlation spectroscopy in human embryonic kidney-293 cells transfected with vectors encoding fluorophore-tagged MAS or AT2R. Functional interaction of AT2R and MAS was studied in astrocytes with CX3C chemokine receptor-1 messenger RNA expression as readout. Coexpression of fluorophore-tagged AT2R and MAS resulted in a fluorescence resonance energy transfer efficiency of 10.8 ± 0.8%, indicating that AT2R and MAS are capable to form heterodimers. Heterodimerization was verified by competition experiments using untagged AT2R and MAS. Specificity of dimerization of AT2R and MAS was supported by lack of dimerization with the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C-member 6. Dimerization of the AT2R was abolished when it was mutated at cysteine residue 35. AT2R and MAS stimulation with the respective agonists, Compound 21 or angiotensin-(1-7), significantly induced CX3C chemokine receptor-1 messenger RNA expression. Effects of each agonist were blocked by an AT2R antagonist (PD123319) and also by a MAS antagonist (A-779). Knockout of a single of these receptors made astrocytes unresponsive for both agonists. Our results suggest that MAS and the AT2R form heterodimers and that-at least in astrocytes-both receptors functionally depend on each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leonhardt
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Daniel C Villela
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Anke Teichmann
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Lisa-Marie Münter
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Magnus C Mayer
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Maibritt Mardahl
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Sebastian Kirsch
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Pawel Namsolleck
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Kristin Lucht
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Verena Benz
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Natalia Alenina
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Nicholas Daniell
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Masatsugu Horiuchi
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Masaru Iwai
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Gerhard Multhaup
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Ralf Schülein
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Michael Bader
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Robson A Santos
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Thomas Unger
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.)
| | - Ulrike Muscha Steckelings
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Medical Faculty Berlin, Germany (J.L., D.C.V., M.M., S.K., P.N., K.L., V.B., N.D., T.U., U.M.S.); The Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) and Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany (J.L.); Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (D.C.V., R.A.S.); Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil (D.C.V.); Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany (A.T., R.S.); Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Free University Berlin, Germany (L.-M.M., M.C.M., G.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-M.M., G.M.); CARIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (P.N., T.U.); Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (M.H., M.I.); and IMM-Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (U.M.S.).
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Anderluh A, Hofmaier T, Klotzsch E, Kudlacek O, Stockner T, Sitte HH, Schütz GJ. Direct PIP 2 binding mediates stable oligomer formation of the serotonin transporter. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14089. [PMID: 28102201 PMCID: PMC5253637 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human serotonin transporter (hSERT) mediates uptake of serotonin from the synaptic cleft and thereby terminates serotonergic signalling. We have previously found by single-molecule microscopy that SERT forms stable higher-order oligomers of differing stoichiometry at the plasma membrane of living cells. Here, we report that SERT oligomer assembly at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane follows a dynamic equilibration process, characterized by rapid exchange of subunits between different oligomers, and by a concentration dependence of the degree of oligomerization. After trafficking to the plasma membrane, however, the SERT stoichiometry is fixed. Stabilization of the oligomeric SERT complexes is mediated by the direct binding to phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate (PIP2). The observed spatial decoupling of oligomer formation from the site of oligomer operation provides cells with the ability to define protein quaternary structures independent of protein density at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Anderluh
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Tina Hofmaier
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13A, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Enrico Klotzsch
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Oliver Kudlacek
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13A, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Thomas Stockner
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13A, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Harald H. Sitte
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13A, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Gerhard J. Schütz
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna 1040, Austria
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Slater PG, Yarur HE, Gysling K. Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors and Their Interacting Proteins: Functional Consequences. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:627-632. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.104927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Kleinau G, Müller A, Biebermann H. Oligomerization of GPCRs involved in endocrine regulation. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:R59-80. [PMID: 27151573 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
More than 800 different human membrane-spanning G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) serve as signal transducers at biological barriers. These receptors are activated by a wide variety of ligands such as peptides, ions and hormones, and are able to activate a diverse set of intracellular signaling pathways. GPCRs are of central importance in endocrine regulation, which underpins the significance of comprehensively studying these receptors and interrelated systems. During the last decade, the capacity for multimerization of GPCRs was found to be a common and functionally relevant property. The interaction between GPCR monomers results in higher order complexes such as homomers (identical receptor subtype) or heteromers (different receptor subtypes), which may be present in a specific and dynamic monomer/oligomer equilibrium. It is widely accepted that the oligomerization of GPCRs is a mechanism for determining the fine-tuning and expansion of cellular processes by modification of ligand action, expression levels, and related signaling outcome. Accordingly, oligomerization provides exciting opportunities to optimize pharmacological treatment with respect to receptor target and tissue selectivity or for the development of diagnostic tools. On the other hand, GPCR heteromerization may be a potential reason for the undesired side effects of pharmacological interventions, faced with numerous and common mutual signaling modifications in heteromeric constellations. Finally, detailed deciphering of the physiological occurrence and relevance of specific GPCR/GPCR-ligand interactions poses a future challenge. This review will tackle the aspects of GPCR oligomerization with specific emphasis on family A GPCRs involved in endocrine regulation, whereby only a subset of these receptors will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Kleinau
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology (IEPE)Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology (IEPE)Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology (IEPE)Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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28
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Schröter F, Jakop U, Teichmann A, Haralampiev I, Tannert A, Wiesner B, Müller P, Müller K. Lipid dynamics in boar sperm studied by advanced fluorescence imaging techniques. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2015; 45:149-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-015-1084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Vischer HF, Castro M, Pin JP. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Multimers: A Question Still Open Despite the Use of Novel Approaches. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:561-71. [PMID: 26138074 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.099440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteromerization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can significantly change the functional properties of involved receptors. Various biochemical and biophysical methodologies have been developed in the last two decades to identify and functionally evaluate GPCR heteromers in heterologous cells, with recent approaches focusing on GPCR complex stoichiometry and stability. Yet validation of these observations in native tissues is still lagging behind for the majority of GPCR heteromers. Remarkably, recent studies, particularly some involving advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques, are contributing to our current knowledge of aspects that were not well known until now, such as GPCR complex stoichiometry and stability. In parallel, a growing effort is being applied to move the field forward into native systems. This short review will highlight recent developments to study the stoichiometry and stability of GPCR complexes and methodologies to detect native GPCR dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry F Vischer
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (H.F.V.); Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Biofarma Research Group (GI-1685), University of Santiago de Compostela, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (M.C.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (J.-P.P.)
| | - Marián Castro
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (H.F.V.); Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Biofarma Research Group (GI-1685), University of Santiago de Compostela, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (M.C.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (J.-P.P.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (H.F.V.); Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Biofarma Research Group (GI-1685), University of Santiago de Compostela, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (M.C.); and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (J.-P.P.)
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30
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Herrick-Davis K, Grinde E, Lindsley T, Teitler M, Mancia F, Cowan A, Mazurkiewicz JE. Native serotonin 5-HT2C receptors are expressed as homodimers on the apical surface of choroid plexus epithelial cells. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 87:660-73. [PMID: 25609374 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.096636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a prominent class of plasma membrane proteins that regulate physiologic responses to a wide variety of stimuli and therapeutic agents. Although GPCR oligomerization has been studied extensively in recombinant cells, it remains uncertain whether native receptors expressed in their natural cellular environment are monomers, dimers, or oligomers. The goal of this study was to determine the monomer/oligomer status of a native GPCR endogenously expressed in its natural cellular environment. Native 5-HT2C receptors in choroid plexus epithelial cells were evaluated using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) with photon counting histogram (PCH). An anti-5-HT2C fragment antigen binding protein was used to label native 5-HT2C receptors. A known monomeric receptor (CD-86) served as a control for decoding the oligomer status of native 5-HT2C receptors by molecular brightness analysis. FCS with PCH revealed molecular brightness values for native 5-HT2C receptors equivalent to the molecular brightness of a homodimer. 5-HT2C receptors displayed a diffusion coefficient of 5 × 10(-9) cm(2)/s and were expressed at 32 receptors/μm(2) on the apical surface of choroid plexus epithelial cells. The functional significance and signaling capabilities of the homodimer were investigated in human embryonic kidney 293 cells using agonists that bind in a wash-resistant manner to one or both protomers of the homodimer. Whereas agonist binding to one protomer resulted in G protein activation, maximal stimulation required occupancy of both protomers. This study is the first to demonstrate the homodimeric structure of 5-HT2C receptors endogenously expressed in their native cellular environment, and identifies the homodimer as a functional signaling unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Herrick-Davis
- Center for Neuropharmacology & Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York (K.H.-D., E.G., T.L., M.T., J.E.M.); Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York (F.M.); and Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut (A.C.)
| | - Ellinor Grinde
- Center for Neuropharmacology & Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York (K.H.-D., E.G., T.L., M.T., J.E.M.); Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York (F.M.); and Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut (A.C.)
| | - Tara Lindsley
- Center for Neuropharmacology & Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York (K.H.-D., E.G., T.L., M.T., J.E.M.); Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York (F.M.); and Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut (A.C.)
| | - Milt Teitler
- Center for Neuropharmacology & Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York (K.H.-D., E.G., T.L., M.T., J.E.M.); Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York (F.M.); and Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut (A.C.)
| | - Filippo Mancia
- Center for Neuropharmacology & Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York (K.H.-D., E.G., T.L., M.T., J.E.M.); Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York (F.M.); and Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut (A.C.)
| | - Ann Cowan
- Center for Neuropharmacology & Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York (K.H.-D., E.G., T.L., M.T., J.E.M.); Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York (F.M.); and Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut (A.C.)
| | - Joseph E Mazurkiewicz
- Center for Neuropharmacology & Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York (K.H.-D., E.G., T.L., M.T., J.E.M.); Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York (F.M.); and Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut (A.C.)
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Grzesik P, Kreuchwig A, Rutz C, Furkert J, Wiesner B, Schuelein R, Kleinau G, Gromoll J, Krause G. Differences in Signal Activation by LH and hCG are Mediated by the LH/CG Receptor's Extracellular Hinge Region. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:140. [PMID: 26441830 PMCID: PMC4585211 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human lutropin (hLH)/choriogonadotropin (hCG) receptor (LHCGR) can be activated by binding two slightly different gonadotropic glycoprotein hormones, choriogonadotropin (CG) - secreted by the placenta, and lutropin (LH) - produced by the pituitary. They induce different signaling profiles at the LHCGR. This cannot be explained by binding to the receptor's leucine-rich-repeat domain (LRRD), as this binding is similar for the two hormones. We therefore speculate that there are previously unknown differences in the hormone/receptor interaction at the extracellular hinge region, which might help to understand functional differences between the two hormones. We have therefore performed a detailed study of the binding and action of LH and CG at the LHCGR hinge region. We focused on a primate-specific additional exon in the hinge region, which is located between LRRD and the serpentine domain. The segment of the hinge region encoded by exon10 was previously reported to be only relevant to hLH signaling, as the exon10-deletion receptor exhibits decreased hLH signaling, but unchanged hCG signaling. We designed an advanced homology model of the hormone/LHCGR complex, followed by experimental characterization of relevant fragments in the hinge region. In addition, we examined predictions of a helical exon10-encoded conformation by block-wise polyalanine (helix supporting) mutations. These helix preserving modifications showed no effect on hormone-induced signaling. However, introduction of a structure-disturbing double-proline mutant LHCGR-Q303P/E305P within the exon10-helix has, in contrast to exon10-deletion, no impact on hLH, but only on hCG signaling. This opposite effect on signaling by hLH and hCG can be explained by distinct sites of hormone interaction in the hinge region. In conclusion, our analysis provides details of the differences between hLH- and hCG-induced signaling that are mainly determined in the L2-beta loop of the hormones and in the hinge region of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Grzesik
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Kreuchwig
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Rutz
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Furkert
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Wiesner
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Schuelein
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Institute of Experimental Paediatric Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joerg Gromoll
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerd Krause
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Gerd Krause, Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany,
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Fuxe K, Guidolin D, Agnati LF, Borroto-Escuela DO. Dopamine heteroreceptor complexes as therapeutic targets in Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 19:377-98. [PMID: 25486101 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.981529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several types of D2R and D1R heteroreceptor complexes were discovered in the indirect and direct pathways of the striatum, respectively. The hypothesis is given that changes in the function of the dopamine heteroreceptor complexes may help us understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the motor complications of long-term therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) with l-DOPA and dopamine receptor agonists. AREAS COVERED In the indirect pathway, the potential role of the A2AR-D2R, A2AR-D2R-mGluR5 and D2R-NMDAR heteroreceptor complexes in PD are covered and in the direct pathway, the D1R-D3R, A1R-D1R, D1R-NMDAR and putative A1R-D1R-D3R heteroreceptor complexes. EXPERT OPINION One explanation for the more powerful ability of l-DOPA treatment versus treatment with the partial dopamine receptor agonist/antagonist activity to induce dyskinesias, may be that dopamine formed from l-DOPA acts as a full agonist. The field of D1R and D2R heteroreceptor complexes in the CNS opens up a new understanding of the wearing off of the antiparkinson actions of l-DOPA and dopamine receptor agonists and the production of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias. It can involve a reorganization of the D1R and D2R heteroreceptor complexes and a disbalance of the D1R and D2R homomers versus non-dopamine receptor homomers in the direct and indirect pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Fuxe
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neuroscience , Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm , Sweden +46 852 487 077 ; +46 8 315 721 ;
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