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Levintov L, Gorai B, Vashisth H. Spontaneous Dimerization and Distinct Packing Modes of Transmembrane Domains in Receptor Tyrosine Kinases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593448. [PMID: 38798363 PMCID: PMC11118388 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) and the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) are homodimeric transmembrane glycoproteins that transduce signals across the membrane on binding of extracellular peptide ligands. The structures of IR/IGF1R fragments in apo and liganded states have revealed that the extracellular subunits of these receptors adopt Λ-shaped configurations to which are connected the intracellular tyrosine kinase (TK) domains. The binding of peptide ligands induces structural transitions in the extracellular subunits leading to potential dimerization of transmembrane domains (TMDs) and autophosphorylation in TKs. However, the activation mechanisms of IR/IGF1R, especially the role of TMDs in coordinating signal-inducing structural transitions, remain poorly understood, in part due to the lack of structures of full-length receptors in apo or liganded states. While atomistic simulations of IR/IGF1R TMDs showed that these domains can dimerize in single component membranes, spontaneous unbiased dimerization in a plasma membrane having physiologically representative lipid composition has not been observed. We address this limitation by employing coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics simulations to probe the dimerization propensity of IR/IGF1R TMDs. We observed that TMDs in both receptors spontaneously dimerized independent of their initial orientations in their dissociated states, signifying their natural propensity for dimerization. In the dimeric state, IR TMDs predominantly adopted X-shaped configurations with asymmetric helical packing and significant tilt relative to the membrane normal, while IGF1R TMDs adopted symmetric V-shaped or parallel configurations with either no tilt or a small tilt relative to the membrane normal. Our results suggest that IR/IGF1R TMDs spontaneously dimerize and adopt distinct dimerized configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Levintov
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Biswajit Gorai
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Harish Vashisth
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824, New Hampshire, USA
- Integrated Applied Mathematics Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824, New Hampshire, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824, New Hampshire, USA
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2
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Galal MA, Alouch SS, Alsultan BS, Dahman H, Alyabis NA, Alammar SA, Aljada A. Insulin Receptor Isoforms and Insulin Growth Factor-like Receptors: Implications in Cell Signaling, Carcinogenesis, and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15006. [PMID: 37834454 PMCID: PMC10573852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review thoroughly explores the intricate involvement of insulin receptor (IR) isoforms and insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGFRs) in the context of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) pathway. This elaborate system encompasses ligands, receptors, and binding proteins, giving rise to a wide array of functions, including aspects such as carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Detailed genetic analysis of IR and IGFR structures highlights their distinct isoforms, which arise from alternative splicing and exhibit diverse affinities for ligands. Notably, the overexpression of the IR-A isoform is linked to cancer stemness, tumor development, and resistance to targeted therapies. Similarly, elevated IGFR expression accelerates tumor progression and fosters chemoresistance. The review underscores the intricate interplay between IRs and IGFRs, contributing to resistance against anti-IGFR drugs. Consequently, the dual targeting of both receptors could present a more effective strategy for surmounting chemoresistance. To conclude, this review brings to light the pivotal roles played by IRs and IGFRs in cellular signaling, carcinogenesis, and therapy resistance. By precisely modulating these receptors and their complex signaling pathways, the potential emerges for developing enhanced anti-cancer interventions, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ahmed Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Samhar Samer Alouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Buthainah Saad Alsultan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Dahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Abdullah Alyabis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ammar Alammar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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Insulin-like Peptide Receptor (ILPR) in the Cuttlefish Sepiella japonica: Characterization, Expression, and Regulation of Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112903. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like peptide receptor (ILPR) can effectively regulate ovarian development in invertebrates, but its effect in cuttlefish has not been reported. We isolated and characterized a ILPR gene from Sepiella japonica, referred to as SjILPR. This gene displayed significant homologies to Octopus bimaculoides ILPR, and contained all typical features of insulin receptors and tyrosine kinase domain structure. SjILPR is expressed in all detected tissues, with the highest expression in the ovary. During ovarian development stages, its expression levels in the ovary, pancreas, and liver were correlated to the female reproductive cycle. After the silencing of SjILPR in vivo, comparative transcriptome analysis identified 4314 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the injected group, including 2586 down-regulated genes and 1728 up-regulated genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that 832 DEGs were assigned to 222 pathways, many pathways of which were related to gonadal development. Four down-regulated genes relevant to ovarian development (Vitellogenin 1, Vitellogenin 2, Cathepsin L1-like, and Follistatin) were selected to confirm the accuracy of RNA-seq data by qRT-PCR. These results showed that SjILPR might regulate ovarian development to control reproduction by affecting the expression of the relevant genes in female S. japonica.
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Turvey SJ, McPhillie MJ, Kearney MT, Muench SP, Simmons KJ, Fishwick CWG. Recent developments in the structural characterisation of the IR and IGF1R: implications for the design of IR-IGF1R hybrid receptor modulators. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:360-374. [PMID: 35647546 PMCID: PMC9020618 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00300c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) are dimeric disulfide-linked receptor tyrosine kinases, whose actions regulate metabolic and mitogenic signalling pathways inside the cell. It is well documented that in tissues co-expressing the IR and IGF1R, their respective monomers can heterodimerise to form IR-IGF1R hybrid receptors. Increased populations of the IR-IGF1R hybrid receptors are associated with several disease states, including type 2 diabetes and cancer. Recently, progress in the structural biology of IR and IGF1R has given insights into their structure-function relationships and mechanism of action. However, challenges in isolating IR-IGF1R hybrid receptors mean that their structural properties remain relatively unexplored. This review discusses the advances in the structural understanding of the IR and IGF1R, and how these discoveries can inform the design of small-molecule modulators of the IR-IGF1R hybrid receptors to understand their role in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Turvey
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds UK
| | | | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds UK
| | - Stephen P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Astbury Centre, University of Leeds UK
| | - Katie J Simmons
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds UK
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Wang B, Li J, Liu L, Song G. Insulin sensitivity in the aged heart is improved by down-regulation of KAT7 in vivo and in vitro. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:276-288. [PMID: 34989320 PMCID: PMC8855855 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.2018811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin has an important regulatory effect on the heart, and the important regulatory effect of insulin on the heart is the regulation of substrate utilization. Studies have shown that aging is closely related to insulin resistance, and aging is thought to be one of the underlying causes of insulin resistance. Additionally, chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for aging and aging-related diseases. How to delay or reverse insulin resistance caused by aging is an important scientific problem. In the current study, we used cardiomyocyte cell lines and isolated heart cells as an in vitro model, and aged mice as in vivo model to study the effect of KAT7 on insulin resistance, and results showed that knockdown or inhibiting KAT7 can significantly increase the insulin sensitivity in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the knockdown of KAT7 could reduce inflammation and oxidative stress caused by aging. These findings indicate that KAT7 can be used as one of the potential targets for the treatment of insulin resistance caused by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guixian Song
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China,CONTACT Guixian Song Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, Taizhou People’s Hospital, 210 Yingchun Road, Hailing District, Taizhou, Jiangsu225300, China
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Papuc C, Goran GV, Predescu CN, Tudoreanu L, Ștefan G. Plant polyphenols mechanisms of action on insulin resistance and against the loss of pancreatic beta cells. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 62:325-352. [PMID: 32901517 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1815644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a prolonged period hyperglycemia with long-lasting detrimental effects on the cardiovascular and nervous systems, kidney, vision, and immunity. Many plant polyphenols are shown to have beneficial activity for the prevention and treatment of diabetes, by different mechanisms. This review article is focused on synthesizing the mechanisms by which polyphenols decrease insulin resistance and inhibit loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and function. To achieve the objectives, this review summarizes the results of the researches realized in recent years in clinical trials and in various experimental models, on the effects of foods rich in polyphenols, polyphenolic extracts, and commercially polyphenols on insulin resistance and β-cells death. Dietary polyphenols are able to reduce insulin resistance alleviating the IRS-1/PI3-k/Akt signaling pathway, and to reduce the loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and function by several molecular mechanisms, such as protection of the surviving machinery of cells against the oxidative insult; increasing insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells through activation of the FFAR1; cytoprotective effect on β-cells by activation of autophagy; protection of β-cells to act as activators for anti-apoptotic pathways and inhibitors for apoptotic pathway; stimulating of insulin release, presumably by transient ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibition and whole-cell Ca2+ stimulation; involvement in insulin release that act on ionic currents and membrane potential as inhibitor of delayed-rectifier K+ current (IK(DR)) and activator of current. dietary polyphenols could be used as potential anti-diabetic agents to prevent and alleviate diabetes and its complications, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Papuc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe V Goran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina N Predescu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Tudoreanu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgeta Ștefan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Biglou SG, Bendena WG, Chin-Sang I. An overview of the insulin signaling pathway in model organisms Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Peptides 2021; 145:170640. [PMID: 34450203 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved pathway across metazoans and is required for development, metabolism and behavior. This pathway is associated with various human metabolic disorders and cancers. Thus, model organisms including Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans provide excellent opportunities to examine the structure and function of this pathway and its influence on cellular metabolism and proliferation. In this review, we will provide an overview of human insulin and the human insulin signaling pathway and explore the recent discoveries in model organisms Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Our review will provide information regarding the various insulin-like peptides in model organisms as well as the conserved functions of insulin signaling pathways. Further investigation of the insulin signaling pathway in model organisms could provide a promising opportunity to develop novel therapies for various metabolic disorders and insulin-mediated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz G Biglou
- Department of Biology, Queen's University Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
| | - William G Bendena
- Department of Biology, Queen's University Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada.
| | - Ian Chin-Sang
- Department of Biology, Queen's University Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
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8
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Rosenzweig T, Sampson SR. Activation of Insulin Signaling by Botanical Products. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084193. [PMID: 33919569 PMCID: PMC8073144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a worldwide health problem, ranked as one of the leading causes for severe morbidity and premature mortality in modern society. Management of blood glucose is of major importance in order to limit the severe outcomes of the disease. However, despite the impressive success in the development of new antidiabetic drugs, almost no progress has been achieved with regard to the development of novel insulin-sensitizing agents. As insulin resistance is the most eminent factor in the patho-etiology of T2D, it is not surprising that an alarming number of patients still fail to meet glycemic goals. Owing to its wealth of chemical structures, the plant kingdom is considered as an inventory of compounds exerting various bioactivities, which might be used as a basis for the development of novel medications for various pathologies. Antidiabetic activity is found in over 400 plant species, and is attributable to varying mechanisms of action. Nevertheless, relatively limited evidence exists regarding phytochemicals directly activating insulin signaling, which is the focus of this review. Here, we will list plants and phytochemicals that have been found to improve insulin sensitivity by activation of the insulin signaling cascade, and will describe the active constituents and their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tovit Rosenzweig
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutritional Studies, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Sanford R. Sampson
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Rehovot and Faculty of Life Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel;
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Kuznetsov AS, Zamaletdinov MF, Bershatsky YV, Urban AS, Bocharova OV, Bennasroune A, Maurice P, Bocharov EV, Efremov RG. Dimeric states of transmembrane domains of insulin and IGF-1R receptors: Structures and possible role in activation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183417. [PMID: 32710851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the biological significance of insulin signaling, the molecular mechanisms of activation of the insulin receptor (IR) and other proteins from its family remain elusive. Current hypothesis on signal transduction suggests ligand-triggered structural changes in the extracellular domain followed by transmembrane (TM) domains closure and dimerization leading to trans-autophosphorylation and kinase activity in intracellular segments of the receptor. Using NMR spectroscopy, we detected dimerization of isolated TM segments of IR in different membrane-mimicking environments and observed multiple signals of NH groups of protein backbone possibly corresponding to several dimer conformations. Taking available experimental data as constraints, several atomistic models of dimeric TM domains of IR and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1R) receptors were elaborated. Molecular dynamics simulations of IR ectodomain revealed noticeable collective movements potentially responsible for closure of the C-termini of FnIII-3 domains and spatial approaching of TM helices upon insulin-induced receptor activation. In addition, we demonstrated that the intracellular part of the receptor does not impose restrictions on the positioning of TM helices in the membrane. Finally, we used two independent structure prediction methods to generate a series of dimer conformations followed by their cluster analysis and dimerization free energy estimation to select the best dimer models. Biological relevance of the later was further tested via comparison of the hydrophobic organization of TM helices for both wild-type receptors and their mutants. Based on these data, the ability of several segments from other proteins to functionally replace IR and/or IGF-1R TM domains was explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S Kuznetsov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, str. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation; National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya ul. 20, Moscow 101000, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per., 9, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Miftakh F Zamaletdinov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, str. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Yaroslav V Bershatsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, str. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per., 9, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly S Urban
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, str. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per., 9, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Bocharova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, str. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per., 9, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Amar Bennasroune
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - Pascal Maurice
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - Eduard V Bocharov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, str. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per., 9, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Roman G Efremov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, str. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation; National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya ul. 20, Moscow 101000, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per., 9, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Russian Federation.
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Leippe P, Broichhagen J, Cailliau K, Mougel A, Morel M, Dissous C, Trauner D, Vicogne J. Transformation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases into Glutamate Receptors and Photoreceptors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Leippe
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science Butenandtstrasse 5–13 81377 München Germany
- Present address: Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute for Medical Research Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science Butenandtstrasse 5–13 81377 München Germany
- Present address: Department of Chemical BiologyForschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie Robert-Rössle Str. 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Katia Cailliau
- CNRS UMR 8576University of Lille Villeneuve d'Asq France
| | - Alexandra Mougel
- Univ. LilleCNRSInserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1019—UMR 8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL) 59000 Lille France
| | - Marion Morel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBoonshoft School of MedicineWright State University Dayton OH 45435 USA
| | - Colette Dissous
- Univ. LilleCNRSInserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1019—UMR 8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL) 59000 Lille France
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science Butenandtstrasse 5–13 81377 München Germany
- Department of ChemistrySilver Center for Arts and ScienceNew York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Jérôme Vicogne
- Univ. LilleCNRSInserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1019—UMR 8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL) 59000 Lille France
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11
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Leippe P, Broichhagen J, Cailliau K, Mougel A, Morel M, Dissous C, Trauner D, Vicogne J. Transformation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases into Glutamate Receptors and Photoreceptors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6720-6723. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Leippe
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science Butenandtstrasse 5–13 81377 München Germany
- Present address: Department of Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute for Medical Research Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science Butenandtstrasse 5–13 81377 München Germany
- Present address: Department of Chemical BiologyForschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie Robert-Rössle Str. 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Katia Cailliau
- CNRS UMR 8576University of Lille Villeneuve d'Asq France
| | - Alexandra Mougel
- Univ. LilleCNRSInserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1019—UMR 8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL) 59000 Lille France
| | - Marion Morel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBoonshoft School of MedicineWright State University Dayton OH 45435 USA
| | - Colette Dissous
- Univ. LilleCNRSInserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1019—UMR 8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL) 59000 Lille France
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science Butenandtstrasse 5–13 81377 München Germany
- Department of ChemistrySilver Center for Arts and ScienceNew York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Jérôme Vicogne
- Univ. LilleCNRSInserm, CHU LilleInstitut Pasteur de LilleU1019—UMR 8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL) 59000 Lille France
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Novel antioxidant astaxanthin-s-allyl cysteine biconjugate diminished oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to triumph diabetes in rat model. Life Sci 2020; 245:117367. [PMID: 32001265 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study determines the effect of administration of novel antioxidant astaxanthin-s-allyl cysteine biconjugate (AST-SAC) against streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) in rats. MAIN METHODS AST-SAC (1 mg/kg/day) was treated against DM in rats for 45 days. The oxidative stress, antioxidants level, insulin secretion, activities of various carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were studied. The glucose uptake in L6 myotubes was studied. In addition, in silico analysis of interaction of AST-SAC with proteins such as insulin receptor (IR) and 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were carried out. KEY FINDINGS Administration of AST-SAC in DM rats has protected the mitochondrial function (decreased oxidative stress and normalized oxidative phosphorylation activities) and antioxidant capacity of the pancreas which has resulted in beta cells rejuvenation and insulin secretion restoration. AST-SAC decreased the alpha-glucosidases activities to bring glycemic control in DM rats. Due to these effects the glycoprotein components and lipids were restored to near normalcy in DM rats. AST-SAC protected the antioxidant status of liver, kidney and plasma; and curbed the progression of secondary complications of DM. AST-SAC treatment stimulated glucose uptake in L6 myotubes in in vitro. To support this observation, AST-SAC interacted with proteins such as IR and AMPK in silico. SIGNIFICANCE AST-SAC can be considered as "multi-target-directed ligand", that is, through these manifold effects, AST-SAC has been able to prevail over DM in rats.
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Westerfield JM, Barrera FN. Membrane receptor activation mechanisms and transmembrane peptide tools to elucidate them. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:1792-1814. [PMID: 31879273 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.009457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-pass membrane receptors contain extracellular domains that respond to external stimuli and transmit information to intracellular domains through a single transmembrane (TM) α-helix. Because membrane receptors have various roles in homeostasis, signaling malfunctions of these receptors can cause disease. Despite their importance, there is still much to be understood mechanistically about how single-pass receptors are activated. In general, single-pass receptors respond to extracellular stimuli via alterations in their oligomeric state. The details of this process are still the focus of intense study, and several lines of evidence indicate that the TM domain (TMD) of the receptor plays a central role. We discuss three major mechanistic hypotheses for receptor activation: ligand-induced dimerization, ligand-induced rotation, and receptor clustering. Recent observations suggest that receptors can use a combination of these activation mechanisms and that technical limitations can bias interpretation. Short peptides derived from receptor TMDs, which can be identified by screening or rationally developed on the basis of the structure or sequence of their targets, have provided critical insights into receptor function. Here, we explore recent evidence that, depending on the target receptor, TMD peptides cannot only inhibit but also activate target receptors and can accommodate novel, bifunctional designs. Furthermore, we call for more sharing of negative results to inform the TMD peptide field, which is rapidly transforming into a suite of unique tools with the potential for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Westerfield
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Francisco N Barrera
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996.
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14
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Sergi D, Naumovski N, Heilbronn LK, Abeywardena M, O'Callaghan N, Lionetti L, Luscombe-Marsh N. Mitochondrial (Dys)function and Insulin Resistance: From Pathophysiological Molecular Mechanisms to the Impact of Diet. Front Physiol 2019; 10:532. [PMID: 31130874 PMCID: PMC6510277 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, the hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the cause-effect relationship remains to be fully elucidated. Compelling evidence suggests that boosting mitochondrial function may represent a valuable therapeutic tool to improve insulin sensitivity. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles, which adapt to short- and long-term metabolic perturbations by undergoing fusion and fission cycles, spatial rearrangement of the electron transport chain complexes into supercomplexes and biogenesis governed by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC 1α). However, these processes appear to be dysregulated in type 2 diabetic individuals. Herein, we describe the mechanistic link between mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle alongside the intracellular pathways orchestrating mitochondrial bioenergetics. We then review current evidence on nutritional tools, including fatty acids, amino acids, caloric restriction and food bioactive derivatives, which may enhance insulin sensitivity by therapeutically targeting mitochondrial function and biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Nutrition and Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Mahinda Abeywardena
- Nutrition and Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nathan O'Callaghan
- Nutrition and Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Natalie Luscombe-Marsh
- Nutrition and Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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15
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Zou ZG, Rios FJ, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. TRPM7, Magnesium, and Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1877. [PMID: 30995736 PMCID: PMC6515203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) is a ubiquitously expressed chanzyme that possesses an ion channel permeable to the divalent cations Mg2+, Ca2+, and Zn2+, and an α-kinase that phosphorylates downstream substrates. TRPM7 and its homologue TRPM6 have been implicated in a variety of cellular functions and is critically associated with intracellular signaling, including receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-mediated pathways. Emerging evidence indicates that growth factors, such as EGF and VEGF, signal through their RTKs, which regulate activity of TRPM6 and TRPM7. TRPM6 is primarily an epithelial-associated channel, while TRPM7 is more ubiquitous. In this review we focus on TRPM7 and its association with growth factors, RTKs, and downstream kinase signaling. We also highlight how interplay between TRPM7, Mg2+ and signaling kinases influences cell function in physiological and pathological conditions, such as cancer and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Zou
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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16
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Kazi JU, Rönnstrand L. The role of SRC family kinases in FLT3 signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 107:32-37. [PMID: 30552988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 is expressed almost exclusively in the hematopoietic compartment. Binding of its ligand, FLT3 ligand (FL), induces dimerization and activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. This leads to autophosphorylation of FLT3 on several tyrosine residues which constitute high affinity binding sites for signal transduction molecules. Recruitment of these signal transduction molecules to FLT3 leads to the activation of several signal transduction pathways that regulate cell survival, cell proliferation and differentiation. Oncogenic, constitutively active mutants of FLT3 are known to be expressed in acute myeloid leukemia and to correlate with poor prognosis. Activation of the receptor mediates cell survival, cell proliferation and differentiation of cells. Several of the signal transduction pathways downstream of FLT3 have been shown to include various members of the SRC family of kinases (SFKs). They are involved in regulating the activity of RAS/ERK pathways through the scaffolding protein GAB2 and the adaptor protein SHC. They are also involved in negative regulation of signaling through phosphorylation of the ubiquitin E3 ligase CBL. Initially studied as the SFKs, as if they were a homogenous group of kinases, recent data suggest that each SFK has its own specific signaling capabilities where some are involved in positive signaling, while others are involved in negative signaling. This review discusses some recent insights into how SFKs are involved in FLT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Division of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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17
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Alves DS, Westerfield JM, Shi X, Nguyen VP, Stefanski KM, Booth KR, Kim S, Morrell-Falvey J, Wang BC, Abel SM, Smith AW, Barrera FN. A novel pH-dependent membrane peptide that binds to EphA2 and inhibits cell migration. eLife 2018; 7:36645. [PMID: 30222105 PMCID: PMC6192698 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Misregulation of the signaling axis formed by the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) EphA2 and its ligand, ephrinA1, causes aberrant cell-cell contacts that contribute to metastasis. Solid tumors are characterized by an acidic extracellular medium. We intend to take advantage of this tumor feature to design new molecules that specifically target tumors. We created a novel pH-dependent transmembrane peptide, TYPE7, by altering the sequence of the transmembrane domain of EphA2. TYPE7 is highly soluble and interacts with the surface of lipid membranes at neutral pH, while acidity triggers transmembrane insertion. TYPE7 binds to endogenous EphA2 and reduces Akt phosphorylation and cell migration as effectively as ephrinA1. Interestingly, we found large differences in juxtamembrane tyrosine phosphorylation and the extent of EphA2 clustering when comparing TYPE7 with activation by ephrinA1. This work shows that it is possible to design new pH-triggered membrane peptides to activate RTK and gain insights on its activation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane S Alves
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States
| | - Justin M Westerfield
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States.,Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States.,Rammelkamp Center for Research, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, United States
| | - Vanessa P Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States
| | - Katherine M Stefanski
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States
| | - Kristen R Booth
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, United States
| | - Jennifer Morrell-Falvey
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States.,Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, United States
| | - Bing-Cheng Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States.,Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States.,Rammelkamp Center for Research, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, United States
| | - Steven M Abel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States.,National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States
| | - Adam W Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, United States
| | - Francisco N Barrera
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States
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18
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Xu Y, Kong GKW, Menting JG, Margetts MB, Delaine CA, Jenkin LM, Kiselyov VV, De Meyts P, Forbes BE, Lawrence MC. How ligand binds to the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor. Nat Commun 2018; 9:821. [PMID: 29483580 PMCID: PMC5826941 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor is a homodimeric receptor tyrosine kinase that signals into pathways directing normal cellular growth, differentiation and proliferation, with aberrant signalling implicated in cancer. Insulin-like growth factor binding is understood to relax conformational restraints within the homodimer, initiating transphosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase domains. However, no three-dimensional structures exist for the receptor ectodomain to inform atomic-level understanding of these events. Here, we present crystal structures of the ectodomain in apo form and in complex with insulin-like growth factor I, the latter obtained by crystal soaking. These structures not only provide a wealth of detail of the growth factor interaction with the receptor’s primary ligand-binding site but also indicate that ligand binding separates receptor domains by a mechanism of induced fit. Our findings are of importance to the design of agents targeting IGF-1R and its partner protein, the human insulin receptor. The human type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) is important for normal human growth and development. Here, the authors present the crystal structures of the IGF-1R ectodomain both in its apo form and in complex with its ligand insulin-like growth factor I and discuss the receptor activation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Xu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Geoffrey K-W Kong
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Monash Macromolecular Crystallisation Facility, 11 Chancellors Walk, Clayton Campus, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - John G Menting
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Mai B Margetts
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Carlie A Delaine
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Lauren M Jenkin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Vladislav V Kiselyov
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Pierre De Meyts
- Department of Cell Signaling, de Duve Institute, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Stem Cell Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760, Måløv, Denmark.,De Meyts R&D Consulting, Avenue Reine Astrid 42, B-1950, Kraainem, Belgium
| | - Briony E Forbes
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Michael C Lawrence
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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19
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Gutmann T, Kim KH, Grzybek M, Walz T, Coskun Ü. Visualization of ligand-induced transmembrane signaling in the full-length human insulin receptor. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1643-1649. [PMID: 29453311 PMCID: PMC5940312 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201711047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using single-particle electron microscopy of the human insulin receptor reconstituted into nanosdiscs, Gutmann et al. show that ligand binding induces a conformational rearrangement in the receptor ectodomain that results in the dimerization of the transmembrane domains and receptor activation. Insulin receptor (IR) signaling plays a critical role in the regulation of metabolism and growth in multicellular organisms. IRs are unique among receptor tyrosine kinases in that they exist exclusively as covalent (αβ)2 homodimers at the cell surface. Transmembrane signaling by the IR can therefore not be based on ligand-induced dimerization as such but must involve structural changes within the existing receptor dimer. In this study, using glycosylated full-length human IR reconstituted into lipid nanodiscs, we show by single-particle electron microscopy that insulin binding to the dimeric receptor converts its ectodomain from an inverted U-shaped conformation to a T-shaped conformation. This structural rearrangement of the ectodomain propagates to the transmembrane domains, which are well separated in the inactive conformation but come close together upon insulin binding, facilitating autophosphorylation of the cytoplasmic kinase domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia Gutmann
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kelly H Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Michal Grzybek
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Walz
- Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Ünal Coskun
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany .,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
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20
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Saadipour K, MacLean M, Pirkle S, Ali S, Lopez-Redondo ML, Stokes DL, Chao MV. The transmembrane domain of the p75 neurotrophin receptor stimulates phosphorylation of the TrkB tyrosine kinase receptor. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16594-16604. [PMID: 28821608 PMCID: PMC5633122 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.788729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of protein products generated from intramembraneous cleavage by the γ-secretase complex is not well defined. The γ-secretase complex is responsible for the cleavage of several transmembrane proteins, most notably the amyloid precursor protein that results in Aβ, a transmembrane (TM) peptide. Another protein that undergoes very similar γ-secretase cleavage is the p75 neurotrophin receptor. However, the fate of the cleaved p75 TM domain is unknown. p75 neurotrophin receptor is highly expressed during early neuronal development and regulates survival and process formation of neurons. Here, we report that the p75 TM can stimulate the phosphorylation of TrkB (tyrosine kinase receptor B). In vitro phosphorylation experiments indicated that a peptide representing p75 TM increases TrkB phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, mutagenesis analyses revealed that a valine residue at position 264 in the rat p75 neurotrophin receptor is necessary for the ability of p75 TM to induce TrkB phosphorylation. Because this residue is just before the γ-secretase cleavage site, we then investigated whether the p75(αγ) peptide, which is a product of both α- and γ-cleavage events, could also induce TrkB phosphorylation. Experiments using TM domains from other receptors, EGFR and FGFR1, failed to stimulate TrkB phosphorylation. Co-immunoprecipitation and biochemical fractionation data suggested that p75 TM stimulates TrkB phosphorylation at the cell membrane. Altogether, our results suggest that TrkB activation by p75(αγ) peptide may be enhanced in situations where the levels of the p75 receptor are increased, such as during brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Saadipour
- From the Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Michael MacLean
- From the Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Sean Pirkle
- From the Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Solav Ali
- From the Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Maria-Luisa Lopez-Redondo
- From the Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - David L Stokes
- From the Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Moses V Chao
- From the Departments of Cell Biology, Physiology & Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
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21
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Bocharov EV. Alternative dimerization of receptor tyrosine kinases with signal transduction through a cellular membrane. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162017050041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Conformational transitions and interactions underlying the function of membrane embedded receptor protein kinases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1417-1429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Saeedi Borujeni MJ, Esfandiary E, Taheripak G, Codoñer‐Franch P, Alonso‐Iglesias E, Mirzaei H. Molecular aspects of diabetes mellitus: Resistin, microRNA, and exosome. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1257-1272. [PMID: 28688216 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Saeedi Borujeni
- Department of Anatomical SCIENCES and Molecular BiologySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiary
- Department of Anatomical SCIENCES and Molecular BiologySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Gholamreza Taheripak
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of BiochemistryIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Pilar Codoñer‐Franch
- Department of PediatricsObstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | | | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical BiotechnologySchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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24
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Ye L, Maji S, Sanghera N, Gopalasingam P, Gorbunov E, Tarasov S, Epstein O, Klein-Seetharaman J. Structure and dynamics of the insulin receptor: implications for receptor activation and drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1092-1102. [PMID: 28476537 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, major progress has been made in uncovering the mechanisms of how insulin engages its receptor and modulates downstream signal transduction. Here, we present in detail the current structural knowledge surrounding the individual components of the complex, binding sites, and dynamics during the activation process. A novel kinase triggering mechanism, the 'bow-arrow model', is proposed based on current knowledge and computational simulations of this system, in which insulin, after its initial interaction with binding site 1, engages with site 2 between the fibronectin type III (FnIII)-1 and -2 domains, which changes the conformation of FnIII-3 and eventually translates into structural changes across the membrane. This model provides a new perspective on the process of insulin binding to its receptor and, thus, could lead to future novel drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Ye
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Suvrajit Maji
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Narinder Sanghera
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health & Systems, Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Piraveen Gopalasingam
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health & Systems, Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Evgeniy Gorbunov
- OOO 'NPF 'MATERIA MEDICA HOLDING', 47-1, Trifonovskaya St, Moscow 129272, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Tarasov
- OOO 'NPF 'MATERIA MEDICA HOLDING', 47-1, Trifonovskaya St, Moscow 129272, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Epstein
- The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8, Baltiyskaya St, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health & Systems, Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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25
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Zeng X, Wu P, Yao C, Liang J, Zhang S, Yin H. Small Molecule and Peptide Recognition of Protein Transmembrane Domains. Biochemistry 2017; 56:2076-2085. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Zeng
- Center
of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100082, China
| | - Peiyao Wu
- Center
of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100082, China
| | - Chengbo Yao
- Center
of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100082, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Center
of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100082, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Center
of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100082, China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Center
of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100082, China
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26
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Mohammadiarani H, Vashisth H. Insulin mimetic peptide S371 folds into a helical structure. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:1158-1166. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Harish Vashisth
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire
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27
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Peng S, Wang Y, Li N, Li C. Enhanced cellular uptake and tumor penetration of nanoparticles by imprinting the “hidden” part of membrane receptors for targeted drug delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11114-11117. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05894b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Biting deep into the target cell membrane: nanoparticles targeting the transmembrane domain by trifluoroethanol-assisted epitope imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Yahua Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Na Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Chong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
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28
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Mukaida S, Evans BA, Bengtsson T, Hutchinson DS, Sato M. Adrenoceptors promote glucose uptake into adipocytes and muscle by an insulin-independent signaling pathway involving mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2. Pharmacol Res 2016; 116:87-92. [PMID: 28025104 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Uptake of glucose into skeletal muscle and adipose tissue plays a vital role in metabolism and energy balance. Insulin released from β-islet cells of the pancreas promotes glucose uptake in these target tissues by stimulating translocation of GLUT4 transporters to the cell surface. This process is complex, involving signaling proteins including the mechanistic (or mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Akt that intersect with multiple pathways controlling cell survival, growth and proliferation. mTOR exists in two forms, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). mTORC1 has been intensively studied, acting as a key regulator of protein and lipid synthesis that integrates cellular nutrient availability and energy balance. Studies on mTORC2 have focused largely on its capacity to activate Akt by phosphorylation at Ser473, however recent findings demonstrate a novel role for mTORC2 in cellular glucose uptake. For example, agonists acting at β2-adrenoceptors (ARs) in skeletal muscle or β3-ARs in brown adipose tissue increase glucose uptake in vitro and in vivo via mechanisms dependent on mTORC2 but not Akt. In this review, we will focus on the signaling pathways downstream of β-ARs that promote glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and brown adipocytes, and will highlight how the insulin and adrenergic pathways converge and interact in these cells. The identification of insulin-independent mechanisms that promote glucose uptake should facilitate novel treatment strategies for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Mukaida
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Evans
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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29
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Bugge K, Lindorff-Larsen K, Kragelund BB. Understanding single-pass transmembrane receptor signaling from a structural viewpoint-what are we missing? FEBS J 2016; 283:4424-4451. [PMID: 27350538 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-pass transmembrane receptors are involved in essential processes of both physiological and pathological nature and represent more than 1300 proteins in the human genome. Despite the high biological relevance of these receptors, the mechanisms of the signal transductions they facilitate are incompletely understood. One major obstacle is the lack of structures of the transmembrane domains that connect the extracellular ligand-binding domains to the intracellular signaling platforms. Over a period of almost 20 years since the first structure was reported, only 21 of these receptors have become represented by a transmembrane domain structure. This scarceness stands in strong contrast to the significance of these transmembrane α-helices for receptor functionality. In this review, we explore the properties and qualities of the current set of structures, as well as the methodological difficulties associated with their characterization and the challenges left to be overcome. Without an increased and focused effort to bring this class of proteins on par with the remaining membrane protein field, a serious lag in their biological understanding looms. Design of pharmaceutical agents, prediction of mutational affects in relation to disease, and deciphering of functional mechanisms require high-resolution structural information, especially when dealing with a domain carrying so much functionality in so few residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Bugge
- Department of Biology, Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- Department of Biology, Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birthe B Kragelund
- Department of Biology, Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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30
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Abstract
The majority of therapeutics target membrane proteins, accessible on the surface of cells, to alter cellular signaling. Cells use membrane proteins to transduce signals into cells, transport ions and molecules, bind cells to a surface or substrate, and catalyze reactions. Newly devised technologies allow us to drug conventionally "undruggable" regions of membrane proteins, enabling modulation of protein-protein, protein-lipid, and protein-nucleic acid interactions. In this review, we survey the state of the art of high-throughput screening and rational design in drug discovery, and we evaluate the advances in biological understanding and technological capacity that will drive pharmacotherapy forward against unorthodox membrane protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry.,BioFrontiers Institute, and.,Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100082, China
| | - Aaron D Flynn
- BioFrontiers Institute, and.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309; ,
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31
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Cai W, Liang XF, Yuan X, Li A, He Y, He S. Genomic organization and expression of insulin receptors in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 194-195:51-7. [PMID: 26772721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Insulin receptors have been demonstrated to be involved in embryogenesis, food intake regulation and glucose metabolism in several fish, while more researchis needed for further understanding. In this study, the complete coding sequence (CDS) of insulin receptor a (insra) gene and insulin receptor b (insrb) gene in grass carp were obtained, the CDS were 4068 bp and 4514 bp in length, encoding 1355 aa protein and 1351 aa protein. Both of insra and insrb in grass carp showed high amino acid identities with other fish. Insra and insrb genes were widely expressed in all tested tissues with an overlapping but distinct expressions. The high levels of insra mRNA were distributed in hindgut and heart tissues. The insrb gene showed the highest expression levels in liver and hindgut. We also proved that two forms of grass carp insulin receptors participate in the regulation of blood glucose and might act differently. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that different isoforms of fish insulin receptors are derived from two distinct genes, which was inconsistent with the generation of mammalian insulin receptors. Synteny analyses of insulin receptor genes showed that genes surrounding the insulin receptor genes were conserved in fish. Arhgef18, PEX11G, humanC19orf45 genes were highly conserved among mammal species. However, no conserved synteny was observed among fish, mammals, avians and amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Cai
- College of Fisheries of Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xu-fang Liang
- College of Fisheries of Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Xiaochen Yuan
- College of Fisheries of Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Aixuan Li
- College of Fisheries of Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuhui He
- College of Fisheries of Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shan He
- College of Fisheries of Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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32
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Mohammadiarani H, Vashisth H. All-Atom Structural Models of the Transmembrane Domains of Insulin and Type 1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:68. [PMID: 27379020 PMCID: PMC4913204 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily comprises many cell-surface receptors including the insulin receptor (IR) and type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) that are constitutively homodimeric transmembrane glycoproteins. Therefore, these receptors require ligand-triggered domain rearrangements rather than receptor dimerization for activation. Specifically, binding of peptide ligands to receptor ectodomains transduces signals across the transmembrane domains for trans-autophosphorylation in cytoplasmic kinase domains. The molecular details of these processes are poorly understood in part due to the absence of structures of full-length receptors. Using MD simulations and enhanced conformational sampling algorithms, we present all-atom structural models of peptides containing 51 residues from the transmembrane and juxtamembrane regions of IR and IGF1R. In our models, the transmembrane regions of both receptors adopt helical conformations with kinks at Pro961 (IR) and Pro941 (IGF1R), but the C-terminal residues corresponding to the juxtamembrane region of each receptor adopt unfolded and flexible conformations in IR as opposed to a helix in IGF1R. We also observe that the N-terminal residues in IR form a kinked-helix sitting at the membrane-solvent interface, while homologous residues in IGF1R are unfolded and flexible. These conformational differences result in a larger tilt-angle of the membrane-embedded helix in IGF1R in comparison to IR to compensate for interactions with water molecules at the membrane-solvent interfaces. Our metastable/stable states for the transmembrane domain of IR, observed in a lipid bilayer, are consistent with a known NMR structure of this domain determined in detergent micelles, and similar states in IGF1R are consistent with a previously reported model of the dimerized transmembrane domains of IGF1R. Our all-atom structural models suggest potentially unique structural organization of kinase domains in each receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harish Vashisth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
- *Correspondence: Harish Vashisth,
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33
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Tatulian SA. Structural Dynamics of Insulin Receptor and Transmembrane Signaling. Biochemistry 2015; 54:5523-32. [PMID: 26322622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) is a (αβ)2-type transmembrane tyrosine kinase that plays a central role in cell metabolism. Each αβ heterodimer consists of an extracellular ligand-binding α-subunit and a membrane-spanning β-subunit that comprises the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (TK) domain and the phosphorylation sites. The α- and β-subunits are linked via a single disulfide bridge, and the (αβ)2 tetramer is formed by disulfide bonds between the α-chains. Insulin binding induces conformational changes in IR that reach the intracellular β-subunit followed by a protein phosphorylation and activation cascade. Defects in this signaling process, including IR dysfunction caused by mutations, result in type 2 diabetes. Rational drug design aimed at treatment of diabetes relies on knowledge of the detailed structure of IR and the dynamic structural transformations during transmembrane signaling. Recent X-ray crystallographic studies have provided important clues about the mode of binding of insulin to IR, the resulting structural changes and their transmission to the TK domain, but a complete understanding of the structural basis underlying insulin signaling has not been achieved. This review presents a critical analysis of the current status of the structure-function relationship of IR, with a comparative assessment of the other IR family receptors, and discusses potential advancements that may provide insight into the molecular mechanism of insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suren A Tatulian
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida , 4111 Libra Drive, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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34
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Maruyama IN. Activation of transmembrane cell-surface receptors via a common mechanism? The "rotation model". Bioessays 2015; 37:959-67. [PMID: 26241732 PMCID: PMC5054922 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has long been thought that transmembrane cell-surface receptors, such as receptor tyrosine kinases and cytokine receptors, among others, are activated by ligand binding through ligand-induced dimerization of the receptors. However, there is growing evidence that prior to ligand binding, various transmembrane receptors have a preformed, yet inactive, dimeric structure on the cell surface. Various studies also demonstrate that during transmembrane signaling, ligand binding to the extracellular domain of receptor dimers induces a rotation of transmembrane domains, followed by rearrangement and/or activation of intracellular domains. The paper here describes transmembrane cell-surface receptors that are known or proposed to exist in dimeric form prior to ligand binding, and discusses how these preformed dimers are activated by ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro N Maruyama
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
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35
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Cabail MZ, Li S, Lemmon E, Bowen ME, Hubbard SR, Miller WT. The insulin and IGF1 receptor kinase domains are functional dimers in the activated state. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6406. [PMID: 25758790 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) are highly related receptor tyrosine kinases with a disulfide-linked homodimeric architecture. Ligand binding to the receptor ectodomain triggers tyrosine autophosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domains, which stimulates catalytic activity and creates recruitment sites for downstream signalling proteins. Whether the two phosphorylated tyrosine kinase domains within the receptor dimer function independently or cooperatively to phosphorylate protein substrates is not known. Here we provide crystallographic, biophysical and biochemical evidence demonstrating that the phosphorylated kinase domains of IR and IGF1R form a specific dimeric arrangement involving an exchange of the juxtamembrane region proximal to the kinase domain. In this dimer, the active position of α-helix C in the kinase N lobe is stabilized, which promotes downstream substrate phosphorylation. These studies afford a novel strategy for the design of small-molecule IR agonists as potential therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zulema Cabail
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Shiqing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Eric Lemmon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Mark E Bowen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Stevan R Hubbard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - W Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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36
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Vashisth H. Theoretical and computational studies of peptides and receptors of the insulin family. MEMBRANES 2015; 5:48-83. [PMID: 25680077 PMCID: PMC4384091 DOI: 10.3390/membranes5010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic interactions among peptides and receptors of the insulin family are required for glucose homeostasis, normal cellular growth and development, proliferation, differentiation and other metabolic processes. The peptides of the insulin family are disulfide-linked single or dual-chain proteins, while receptors are ligand-activated transmembrane glycoproteins of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) superfamily. Binding of ligands to the extracellular domains of receptors is known to initiate signaling via activation of intracellular kinase domains. While the structure of insulin has been known since 1969, recent decades have seen remarkable progress on the structural biology of apo and liganded receptor fragments. Here, we review how this useful structural information (on ligands and receptors) has enabled large-scale atomically-resolved simulations to elucidate the conformational dynamics of these biomolecules. Particularly, applications of molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods are discussed in various contexts, including studies of isolated ligands, apo-receptors, ligand/receptor complexes and intracellular kinase domains. The review concludes with a brief overview and future outlook for modeling and computational studies in this family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Vashisth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, 33 Academic Way, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre De Meyts
- Department of Diabetes Biology; Novo Nordisk A/S; Måløv Denmark
- De Meyts R&D Consulting; Kraainem; Belgium
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38
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Abstract
When insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) binds to its receptor, a physical constraint is released that allows the two transmembrane helices to come together to facilitate activation of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan R Hubbard
- Stevan R Hubbard is in the Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - W Todd Miller
- W Todd Miller is in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States
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39
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Chavent M, Chetwynd AP, Stansfeld PJ, Sansom MSP. Dimerization of the EphA1 receptor tyrosine kinase transmembrane domain: Insights into the mechanism of receptor activation. Biochemistry 2014; 53:6641-52. [PMID: 25286141 PMCID: PMC4298228 DOI: 10.1021/bi500800x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
EphA1
is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that plays a key role
in developmental processes, including guidance of the migration of
axons and cells in the nervous system. EphA1, in common with other
RTKs, contains an N-terminal extracellular domain, a single transmembrane
(TM) α-helix, and a C-terminal intracellular kinase domain.
The TM helix forms a dimer, as seen in recent NMR studies. We have
modeled the EphA1 TM dimer using a multiscale approach combining coarse-grain
(CG) and atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The one-dimensional
potential of mean force (PMF) for this system, based on interhelix
separation, has been calculated using CG MD simulations. This provides
a view of the free energy landscape for helix–helix interactions
of the TM dimer in a lipid bilayer. The resulting PMF profiles suggest
two states, consistent with a rotation-coupled activation mechanism.
The more stable state corresponds to a right-handed helix dimer interacting
via an N-terminal glycine zipper motif, consistent with a recent NMR
structure (2K1K). A second metastable state corresponds to a structure in which
the glycine zipper motif is not involved. Analysis of unrestrained
CG MD simulations based on representative models from the PMF calculations
or on the NMR structure reveals possible pathways of interconversion
between these two states, involving helix rotations about their long
axes. This suggests that the interaction of TM helices in EphA1 dimers
may be intrinsically dynamic. This provides a potential mechanism
for signaling whereby extracellular events drive a shift in the repopulation
of the underlying TM helix dimer energy landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Chavent
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
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40
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Kavran JM, McCabe JM, Byrne PO, Connacher MK, Wang Z, Ramek A, Sarabipour S, Shan Y, Shaw DE, Hristova K, Cole PA, Leahy DJ. How IGF-1 activates its receptor. eLife 2014; 3:03772. [PMID: 25255214 PMCID: PMC4381924 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) is involved in growth and survival of normal and neoplastic cells. A ligand-dependent conformational change is thought to regulate IGF1R activity, but the nature of this change is unclear. We point out an underappreciated dimer in the crystal structure of the related Insulin Receptor (IR) with Insulin bound that allows direct comparison with unliganded IR and suggests a mechanism by which ligand regulates IR/IGF1R activity. We test this mechanism in a series of biochemical and biophysical assays and find the IGF1R ectodomain maintains an autoinhibited state in which the TMs are held apart. Ligand binding releases this constraint, allowing TM association and unleashing an intrinsic propensity of the intracellular regions to autophosphorylate. Enzymatic studies of full-length and kinase-containing fragments show phosphorylated IGF1R is fully active independent of ligand and the extracellular-TM regions. The key step triggered by ligand binding is thus autophosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Kavran
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Jacqueline M McCabe
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Patrick O Byrne
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Mary Katherine Connacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, United States
| | | | - Sarvenaz Sarabipour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | | | - David E Shaw
- DE Shaw Research, New York, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Philip A Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Daniel J Leahy
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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