1
|
Das F, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Kasinath BS, Sharma K, Choudhury GG. High glucose-induced downregulation of PTEN-Long is sufficient for proximal tubular cell injury in diabetic kidney disease. Exp Cell Res 2024; 440:114116. [PMID: 38830568 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
During the progression of diabetic kidney disease, proximal tubular epithelial cells respond to high glucose to induce hypertrophy and matrix expansion leading to renal fibrosis. Recently, a non-canonical PTEN has been shown to be translated from an upstream initiation codon CUG (leucine) to produce a longer protein called PTEN-Long (PTEN-L). Interestingly, the extended sequence present in PTEN-L contains cell secretion/penetration signal. Role of this non-canonical PTEN-L in diabetic renal tubular injury is not known. We show that high glucose decreases expression of PTEN-L. As a mechanism of its function, we find that reduced PTEN-L activates Akt-2, which phosphorylates and inactivate tuberin and PRAS40, resulting in activation of mTORC1 in tubular cells. Antibacterial agent acriflavine and antiviral agent ATA regulate translation from CUG codon. Acriflavine and ATA, respectively, decreased and increased expression of PTEN-L to altering Akt-2 and mTORC1 activation in the absence of change in expression of canonical PTEN. Consequently, acriflavine and ATA modulated high glucose-induced tubular cell hypertrophy and lamininγ1 expression. Importantly, expression of PTEN-L inhibited high glucose-stimulated Akt/mTORC1 activity to abrogate these processes. Since PTEN-L contains secretion/penetration signals, addition of conditioned medium containing PTEN-L blocked Akt-2/mTORC1 activity. Notably, in renal cortex of diabetic mice, we found reduced PTEN-L concomitant with Akt-2/mTORC1 activation, leading to renal hypertrophy and lamininγ1 expression. These results present first evidence for involvement of PTEN-L in diabetic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Das
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Kumar Sharma
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, TX, USA
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, TX, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen M, Fang Y, Ge Y, Qiu S, Dworkin L, Gong R. The redox-sensitive GSK3β is a key regulator of glomerular podocyte injury in type 2 diabetic kidney disease. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103127. [PMID: 38527400 PMCID: PMC10979123 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that GSK3β, a redox-sensitive transducer downstream of insulin signaling, acts as a convergent point for myriad pathways implicated in kidney injury, repair, and regeneration. However, its role in diabetic kidney disease remains controversial. In cultured glomerular podocytes, exposure to a milieu of type 2 diabetes elicited prominent signs of podocyte injury and degeneration, marked by loss of homeostatic marker proteins like synaptopodin, actin cytoskeleton disruption, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and stress-induced premature senescence, as shown by increased staining for senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, amplified formation of γH2AX foci, and elevated expression of mediators of senescence signaling, like p21 and p16INK4A. These degenerative changes coincided with GSK3β hyperactivity, as evidenced by GSK3β overexpression and reduced inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β, and were averted by tideglusib, a highly-selective small molecule inhibitor of GSK3β. In agreement, post-hoc analysis of a publicly-available glomerular transcriptomics dataset from patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy revealed that the curated diabetic nephropathy-related gene set was enriched in high GSK3β expression group. Mechanistically, GSK3β-modulated nuclear factor Nrf2 signaling is involved in diabetic podocytopathy, because GSK3β knockdown reinforced Nrf2 antioxidant response and suppressed oxidative stress, resulting in an improvement in podocyte injury and senescence. Conversely, ectopic expression of the constitutively active mutant of GSK3β impaired Nrf2 antioxidant response and augmented oxidative stress, culminating in an exacerbated diabetic podocyte injury and senescence. Moreover, IRS-1 was found to be a cognate substrate of GSK3β for phosphorylation at IRS-1S332, which negatively regulates IRS-1 activity. GSK3β hyperactivity promoted IRS-1 phosphorylation, denoting a desensitized insulin signaling. Consistently, in vivo in db/db mice with diabetic nephropathy, GSK3β was hyperactive in glomerular podocytes, associated with IRS-1 hyperphosphorylation, impaired Nrf2 response and premature senescence. Our finding suggests that GSK3β is likely a novel therapeutic target for treating type 2 diabetic glomerular injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Yudong Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Yan Ge
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Shuhao Qiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Lance Dworkin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang N, Zhang C. Oxidative Stress: A Culprit in the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:455. [PMID: 38671903 PMCID: PMC11047699 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the principal culprit behind chronic kidney disease (CKD), ultimately developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and necessitating costly dialysis or kidney transplantation. The limited therapeutic efficiency among individuals with DKD is a result of our finite understanding of its pathogenesis. DKD is the result of complex interactions between various factors. Oxidative stress is a fundamental factor that can establish a link between hyperglycemia and the vascular complications frequently encountered in diabetes, particularly DKD. It is crucial to recognize the essential and integral role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic vascular complications, particularly DKD. Hyperglycemia is the primary culprit that can trigger an upsurge in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately sparking oxidative stress. The main endogenous sources of ROS include mitochondrial ROS production, NADPH oxidases (Nox), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), xanthine oxidase (XO), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and lipoxygenase. Under persistent high glucose levels, immune cells, the complement system, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein kinase C (PKC), polyol pathway, and the hexosamine pathway are activated. Consequently, the oxidant-antioxidant balance within the body is disrupted, which triggers a series of reactions in various downstream pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), transforming growth factor beta/p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (TGF-β/p38-MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. The disease might persist even if strict glucose control is achieved, which can be attributed to epigenetic modifications. The treatment of DKD remains an unresolved issue. Therefore, reducing ROS is an intriguing therapeutic target. The clinical trials have shown that bardoxolone methyl, a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, blood glucose-lowering drugs, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists can effectively slow down the progression of DKD by reducing oxidative stress. Other antioxidants, including vitamins, lipoic acid, Nox inhibitors, epigenetic regulators, and complement inhibitors, present a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of DKD. In this review, we conduct a thorough assessment of both preclinical studies and current findings from clinical studies that focus on targeted interventions aimed at manipulating these pathways. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in this area and identify key areas for future exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liang LL, He MF, Zhou PP, Pan SK, Liu DW, Liu ZS. GSK3β: A ray of hope for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23458. [PMID: 38315453 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302160r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a major microvascular complication of diabetes, is characterized by its complex pathogenesis, high risk of chronic renal failure, and lack of effective diagnosis and treatment methods. GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β), a highly conserved threonine/serine kinase, was found to activate glycogen synthase. As a key molecule of the glucose metabolism pathway, GSK3β participates in a variety of cellular activities and plays a pivotal role in multiple diseases. However, these effects are not only mediated by affecting glucose metabolism. This review elaborates on the role of GSK3β in DKD and its damage mechanism in different intrinsic renal cells. GSK3β is also a biomarker indicating the progression of DKD. Finally, the protective effects of GSK3β inhibitors on DKD are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Liang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Fei He
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhou
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Kang Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Wei Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhang-Suo Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Q, Zhang J, Fang Y, Dai Y, Jia P, Shen Z, Xu S, Ding X, Zhou F. Phosphoproteome Profiling of uEVs Reveals p-AQP2 and p-GSK3β as Potential Markers for Diabetic Nephropathy. Molecules 2023; 28:5605. [PMID: 37513479 PMCID: PMC10383182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) contributes to increased morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes and presents a considerable global health challenge. However, reliable biomarkers of DN have not yet been established. Phosphorylated proteins are crucial for disease progression. However, their diagnostic potential remains unexplored. In this study, we used ultra-high-sensitivity quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify phosphoproteins in urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) as potential biomarkers of DN. We detected 233 phosphopeptides within the uEVs, with 47 phosphoproteins exhibiting significant alterations in patients with DN compared to those in patients with diabetes. From these phosphoproteins, we selected phosphorylated aquaporin-2 (p-AQP2[S256]) and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK3β[Y216]) for validation, as they were significantly overrepresented in pathway analyses and previously implicated in DN pathogenesis. Both phosphoproteins were successfully confirmed through Phos-tag western blotting in uEVs and immunohistochemistry staining in kidney sections, suggesting that phosphoprotein alterations in uEVs reflect corresponding changes within the kidney and their potential as candidate biomarkers for DN. Our research proposes the utilization of phosphoproteins in uEVs as a liquid biopsy, presenting a highly feasible diagnostic tool for kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jiong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Ziyan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Sujuan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Minister of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zeng L, Ng JKC, Fung WWS, Chan GCK, Chow KM, Szeto CC. Intrarenal and Urinary Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta Levels in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Blood Press Res 2023; 48:241-248. [PMID: 36940673 PMCID: PMC10158084 DOI: 10.1159/000530210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) overactivity has been associated with a diverse range of kidney diseases. GSK3β activity in urinary exfoliated cells was reported to predict the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We compared the prognostic value of urinary and intrarenal GSK3β levels in DKD and nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS We recruited 118 consecutive biopsy-proved DKD patients and 115 nondiabetic CKD patients. Their urinary and intrarenal GSK3β levels were measured. They were then followed for dialysis-free survival and rate of renal function decline. RESULTS DKD group had higher intrarenal and urinary GSK3β levels than nondiabetic CKD (p < 0.0001 for both), but their urinary GSK3β mRNA levels were similar. Urinary p-GSK3β level is statistically significantly correlated with the baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), but urinary GSK3β level by ELISA, its mRNA level, the p-GSK3β level, or the p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratio had no association with dialysis-free survival or the slope of eGFR decline. In contrast, the intrarenal pY216-GSK3β/total GSK3β ratio significantly correlated with the slope of eGFR decline (r = -0.335, p = 0.006) and remained an independent predictor after adjusting for other clinical factors. CONCLUSION Intrarenal and urinary GSK3β levels were increased in DKD. The intrarenal pY216-GSK3β/total GSK3β ratio was associated with the rate of progression of DKD. The pathophysiological roles of GSK3β in kidney diseases deserve further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Zeng
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jack Kit-Chung Ng
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Winston Wing-Shing Fung
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Gordon Chun-Kau Chan
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kai-Ming Chow
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ricciardi CA, Gnudi L. Kidney disease in diabetes: From mechanisms to clinical presentation and treatment strategies. Metabolism 2021; 124:154890. [PMID: 34560098 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic and haemodynamic perturbations and their interaction drive the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and its progression towards end stage renal disease (ESRD). Increased mitochondrial oxidative stress has been proposed as the central mechanism in the pathophysiology of DKD, but other mechanisms have been implicated. In parallel to increased oxidative stress, inflammation, cell apoptosis and tissue fibrosis drive the relentless progressive loss of kidney function affecting both the glomerular filtration barrier and the renal tubulointerstitium. Alteration of glomerular capillary autoregulation is at the basis of glomerular hypertension, an important pathogenetic mechanism for DKD. Clinical presentation of DKD can vary. Its classical presentation, often seen in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), features hyperfiltration and albuminuria followed by progressive fall in renal function. Patients can often also present with atypical features characterised by progressive reduction in renal function without albuminuria, others in conjunction with non-diabetes related pathologies making the diagnosis, at times, challenging. Metabolic, lipid and blood pressure control with lifestyle interventions are crucial in reducing the progressive renal function decline seen in DKD. The prevention and management of DKD (and parallel cardiovascular disease) is a huge global challenge and therapies that target haemodynamic perturbations, such as inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and SGLT2 inhibitors, have been most successful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Gnudi
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Science, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
β-RA Targets Mitochondrial Metabolism and Adipogenesis, Leading to Therapeutic Benefits against CoQ Deficiency and Age-Related Overweight. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101457. [PMID: 34680574 PMCID: PMC8533582 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases are caused by mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear genes, leading to the abnormal function of specific mitochondrial pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also a secondary event in more common pathophysiological conditions, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. In both cases, the improvement and management of mitochondrial homeostasis remain challenging. Here, we show that beta-resorcylic acid (β-RA), which is a natural phenolic compound, competed in vivo with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, which is the natural precursor of coenzyme Q biosynthesis. This led to a decrease in demethoxyubiquinone, which is an intermediate metabolite of CoQ biosynthesis that is abnormally accumulated in Coq9R239X mice. As a consequence, β-RA rescued the phenotype of Coq9R239X mice, which is a model of primary mitochondrial encephalopathy. Moreover, we observed that long-term treatment with β-RA also reduced the size and content of the white adipose tissue (WAT) that is normally accumulated during aging in wild-type mice, leading to the prevention of hepatic steatosis and an increase in survival at the elderly stage of life. The reduction in WAT content was due to a decrease in adipogenesis, an adaptation of the mitochondrial proteome in the kidneys, and stimulation of glycolysis and acetyl-CoA metabolism. Therefore, our results demonstrate that β-RA acted through different cellular mechanisms, with effects on mitochondrial metabolism; as such, it may be used for the treatment of primary coenzyme Q deficiency, overweight, and hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wnt Signaling Pathway Proteins in Scar, Hypertrophic Scar, and Keloid: Evidence for a Continuum? Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 42:842-847. [PMID: 32310858 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars and keloids are fibroproliferative lesions characterized by excessive collagen deposition. It is unclear whether these entities represent distinct disorders or share a common pathogenesis and the molecular underpinnings of these lesions are poorly understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that the Wnt signaling pathway is a key regulator of wound healing. In this study, tissue microarray was used to evaluate the protein expression profile for Wnt3a, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha (pGSK-3α), WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1), and WISP2 in normal skin, scars, hypertrophic scars, and keloids. Analysis revealed significantly increased fibroblast expression of pGSK-3α in scars (27.2%), hypertrophic scars (30.4%), and keloids (57.3%) compared with normal skin (16.4%) (all differences statistically significant; P < 0.01). Analysis of WISP2 showed 94% of fibroblasts in normal skin expressing WISP2 and significantly decreased expression in scars (46.8%), hypertrophic scars (27.0%), and keloids (61.3%) (all differences statistically significant; P < 0.01). The parallel patterns of expression of pGSK-3α and WISP2 in scars and hypertrophic scars and significantly increased expression in keloids may support the notion that keloids are a truly distinct fibrosing disorder and may provide further evidence for targeting the Wnt signaling pathway in the treatment of keloids.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mao J, Li W, Liu J, Li J. Versatile Physiological Functions of Plant GSK3-Like Kinases. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050697. [PMID: 34066668 PMCID: PMC8151121 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-like kinases are highly conserved protein serine/threonine kinases that are grouped into four subfamilies. Similar to their mammalian homologs, these kinases are constitutively active under normal growth conditions but become inactivated in response to diverse developmental and environmental signals. Since their initial discoveries in the early 1990s, many biochemical and genetic studies were performed to investigate their physiological functions in various plant species. These studies have demonstrated that the plant GSK3-like kinases are multifunctional kinases involved not only in a wide variety of plant growth and developmental processes but also in diverse plant stress responses. Here we summarize our current understanding of the versatile physiological functions of the plant GSK3-like kinases along with their confirmed and potential substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.L.); (J.L.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Wenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.L.); (J.L.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.L.); (J.L.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.L.); (J.L.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hudson R, Green M, Wright DJ, Renard J, Jobson CEL, Jung T, Rushlow W, Laviolette SR. Adolescent nicotine induces depressive and anxiogenic effects through ERK 1-2 and Akt-GSK-3 pathways and neuronal dysregulation in the nucleus accumbens. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12891. [PMID: 32135573 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Long-term tobacco dependence typically develops during adolescence and neurodevelopmental nicotine exposure is associated with affective disturbances that manifest as a variety of neuropsychiatric comorbidities in clinical and preclinical studies, including mood and anxiety-related disorders. The nucleus accumbens shell (NASh) is critically involved in regulating emotional processing, and both molecular and neuronal disturbances in this structure are associated with mood and anxiety-related pathologies. In the present study, we used a rodent model of adolescent neurodevelopmental nicotine exposure to examine the expression of several molecular biomarkers associated with mood/anxiety-related phenotypes. We report that nicotine exposure during adolescence (but not adulthood) induces profound upregulation of the ERK 1-2 and Akt-GSK-3 signalling pathways directly within the NASh, as well as downregulation of local D1R expression that persists into adulthood. These adaptations were accompanied by decreases in τ, α, β, and γ-band oscillatory states, hyperactive medium spiny neuron activity with depressed bursting rates, and anxiety and depressive-like behavioural abnormalities. Pharmacologically targeting these molecular and neuronal adaptations revealed that selective inhibition of local ERK 1-2 and Akt-GSK-3 signalling cascades rescued nicotine-induced high-γ-band oscillatory signatures and phasic bursting rates in the NASh, suggesting that they are involved in mediating adolescent nicotine-induced depressive and anxiety-like neuropathological trajectories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Hudson
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario London, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Green
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario London, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel J Wright
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario London, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justine Renard
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario London, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina E L Jobson
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario London, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony Jung
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario London, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter Rushlow
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario London, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario London, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven R Laviolette
- Addiction Research Group, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario London, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario London, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee HJ, Mariappan MM, Norton L, Bakewell T, Feliers D, Oh SB, Donati A, Rubannelsonkumar CS, Venkatachalam MA, Harris SE, Rubera I, Tauc M, Ghosh Choudhury G, Kahn CR, Sharma K, DeFronzo RA, Kasinath BS. Proximal tubular epithelial insulin receptor mediates high-fat diet-induced kidney injury. JCI Insight 2021; 6:143619. [PMID: 33400689 PMCID: PMC7934847 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of insulin receptor (IR) activated by hyperinsulinemia in obesity-induced kidney injury is not well understood. We hypothesized that activation of kidney proximal tubule epithelial IR contributes to obesity-induced kidney injury. We administered normal-fat diet (NFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) to control and kidney proximal tubule IR–knockout (KPTIRKO) mice for 4 months. Renal cortical IR expression was decreased by 60% in male and female KPTIRKO mice. Baseline serum glucose, serum creatinine, and the ratio of urinary albumin to creatinine (ACR) were similar in KPTIRKO mice compared to those of controls. On HFD, weight gain and increase in serum cholesterol were similar in control and KPTIRKO mice; blood glucose did not change. HFD increased the following parameters in the male control mice: renal cortical contents of phosphorylated IR and Akt, matrix proteins, urinary ACR, urinary kidney injury molecule-1–to-creatinine ratio, and systolic blood pressure. Renal cortical generation of hydrogen sulfide was reduced in HFD-fed male control mice. All of these parameters were ameliorated in male KPTIRKO mice. Interestingly, female mice were resistant to HFD-induced kidney injury in both genotypes. We conclude that HFD-induced kidney injury requires renal proximal tubule IR activation in male mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hak Joo Lee
- Center for Renal Medicine, Division of Nephrology
| | | | - Luke Norton
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Sae Byeol Oh
- Center for Renal Medicine, Division of Nephrology
| | | | | | | | - Stephen E Harris
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Isabelle Rubera
- Universite Cote d'Azur, CNRS - UMR-7370, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Michel Tauc
- Universite Cote d'Azur, CNRS - UMR-7370, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- Center for Renal Medicine, Division of Nephrology.,VA Research and.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Medicine, Division of Nephrology.,VA Research and
| | | | - Balakuntalam S Kasinath
- Center for Renal Medicine, Division of Nephrology.,VA Research and.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Geniposide Improves Diabetic Nephropathy by Enhancing ULK1-Mediated Autophagy and Reducing Oxidative Stress through AMPK Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041651. [PMID: 33562139 PMCID: PMC7915505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common pathological feature in patients with diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Although several pharmacological agents have been developed, the management of DN remains challenging. Geniposide, a natural compound has been reported for anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects; however, its role in DN remains poorly understood. This study investigated the protective effects of geniposide on DN and its underlying mechanisms. We used a C57BL/6 mouse model of DN in combination with a high-fat diet and streptozotocin after unilateral nephrectomy and treated with geniposide by oral gavage for 5 weeks. Geniposide effectively improves DN-induced renal structural and functional abnormalities by reducing albuminuria, podocyte loss, glomerular and tubular injury, renal inflammation and interstitial fibrosis. These changes induced by geniposide were associated with an increase of AMPK activity to enhance ULK1-mediated autophagy response and a decrease of AKT activity to block oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic kidney. In addition, geniposide increased the activities of PKA and GSK3β, possibly modulating AMPK and AKT pathways, efficiently improving renal dysfunction and ameliorating the progression of DN. Conclusively, geniposide enhances ULK1-mediated autophagy and reduces oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis, suggesting geniposide as a promising treatment for DN.
Collapse
|
14
|
Gao L, Yuan P, Zhang Q, Fu Y, Hou Y, Wei Y, Zheng X, Feng W. Taxifolin improves disorders of glucose metabolism and water-salt metabolism in kidney via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in metabolic syndrome rats. Life Sci 2020; 263:118713. [PMID: 33157091 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our study was designed to explore the function and mechanism of taxifolin on glucose metabolism and water-salt metabolism in kidney with metabolic syndrome (MS) rats. MAIN METHODS Spontaneous hypertensive rats were induced by fructose to establish MS model. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured after 7 weeks of continuous administration with taxifolin. Kidney injury indices and histopathological evaluation were done. The apoptosis rate of primary kidney cells was detected by flow cytometry. Insulin signaling pathway related proteins and renal glucose transport-related proteins were detected by western blotting. We assessed the effects of taxifolin on sodium water retention and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in MS rats. We examined not only changes in urine volume, osmotic pressure, urinary sodium and urinary chloride excretion, but also the effects on NA+/K+-ATPase and RAAS indicators. We also detected changes in inflammatory factors by immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence. In vitro experiment, high glucose and salt stimulated NRK-52E cells. By adding the PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin) to inhibit the PI3K, the effects of inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway on glucose metabolism, water-sodium retention and inflammatory response were discussed. KEY FINDINGS Taxifolin effectively reversed SBP, HOMA-IR, the kidney indices and abnormal histopathological changes induced by MS. Besides, taxifolin called back the protein associated with the downstream glucose metabolism pathway of PI3K/AKT. It also inhibited overactivation of RAAS and inflammatory response. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays an important role in this process. SIGNIFICANCE Taxifolin can improve homeostasis of glucose, inhibit overactivation of RAAS and reduce inflammatory response by PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Gao
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Peipei Yuan
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yaxin Wei
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Das M, Basu S, Banerjee B, Jana K, Sen A, Datta G. Renoprotective effect of Capsicum annum against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and renal apoptosis. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13325. [PMID: 32573796 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the ameliorative potency of aqueous extract of Capsicum annum (AqCA), against oxidative imbalance and renal toxicity induced by ethanol. Randomly grouped male Wistar rats (n = 6), were marked as ethanol-treated (2 g/kg bw, i.p.), CA125 (125 mg/kg bw, i.p.), CA250 (250 mg/kg bw, i.p.), ethanol pre-treated with CA (similar doses), and control (0.5 ml normal saline, i.p.), and treated for 30 consecutive days. Biochemical analysis of tissue and serum parameters was performed, along with histopathological and histochemical studies. Also, we performed TUNEL assay and western blotting for our experimental groups. Statistical analysis revealed significant (p ≤ .001) alteration in the levels of antioxidant enzymes, serum urea, creatinine, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cleaved caspases, along with histopathological alterations in the ethanol-treated group. Prior treatment with AqCA prevented ethanol-induced alterations in tissue and serum parameters. These findings indicate that the extract of CA can protect renal cells from ethanol-induced damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Chronic alcohol consumption is a major public health concern that leads to various diseases and social problems as well. It affects both the affluent and non-affluent society equally. Alcohol (ethanol) is a renowned hepato-toxicant and a well-documented risk factor for oxidative stress, with less known effect on the kidney. Thus, it is essential to investigate the effect of alcohol metabolism on the kidney to find a remedy to prevent it. The present investigation depicts the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory role of Capsicum annum against ethanol-induced renal damage. The outcome of this study can be utilized in the future for phytotherapeutic herbal drug formulation. Besides, the bioactive components identified in the study can be further explored by researchers or pharmaceutical corporates for potential therapeutic purpose against renal impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Das
- Department of Physiology, Rammohan College, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhashree Basu
- Department of Physiology, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Tamluk, India
| | | | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anurupa Sen
- Department of Physiology, City College, Kolkata, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Olaniyi KS, Woru Sabinari I, Olatunji LA. l-glutamine supplementation exerts cardio-renal protection in estrogen-progestin oral contraceptive-treated female rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 74:103305. [PMID: 31790957 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen and lipid disruptions represent a spectrum of metabolic disorders that are crucial risk factors for cardiovascular disease in estrogen-progestin oral contraceptive (COC) users. l-glutamine (GLN) has been shown to exert a modulatory effect in metabolic disorders-related syndromes. We therefore hypothesized that GLN supplementation would protect against myocardial and renal glycogen-lipid mishandling in COC-treated animals by modulation of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities. Adult female Wistar rats were randomly allotted into control, GLN, COC and COC + GLN groups (six rats per group). The groups received vehicle (distilled water, p.o.), GLN (1 g/kg), COC containing 1.0 μg ethinylestradiol plus 5.0 μg levonorgestrel and COC plus GLN respectively, daily for 8 weeks. Data showed that treatment with COC led to metabolically-induced obesity with correspondent increased visceral and epicardial fat mass. It also led to increased plasma, myocardial and renal triglyceride, free fatty acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), XO activity, uric acid content and decreased glutathione content and G6PD activity. In addition, COC increased myocardial but not renal glycogen content, and increased myocardial and renal glycogen synthase activity, increased plasma and renal lactate production and plasma aspartate transaminase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio. However, these alterations were attenuated when supplemented with GLN except plasma AST/ALT ratio. Collectively, the present results indicate that estrogen-progestin oral contraceptive causes metabolically-induced obesity that is accompanied by differential myocardial and renal metabolic disturbances. The findings also suggest that irrespective of varying metabolic phenotypes, GLN exerts protection against cardio-renal dysmetabolism by modulation of XO and G6PD activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Samuel Olaniyi
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Isaiah Woru Sabinari
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence Aderemi Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Adelusi TI, Du L, Hao M, Zhou X, Xuan Q, Apu C, Sun Y, Lu Q, Yin X. Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling unfolds therapeutic targets for redox imbalanced-mediated diseases and diabetic nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 123:109732. [PMID: 31945695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia/oxidative stress has been implicated in the initiation and progression of diabetic complications while the components of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling are being exploited as therapeutic targets for the treatment/management of these pathologies. Antioxidant agents like drugs, nutraceuticals and pure compounds that target the proteins of this pathway and their downstream genes hold the therapeutic strength to put the progression of this disease at bay. Here, we elucidate how the modulation of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE had been exploited for the treatment/management of end-stage diabetic kidney complication (diabetic nephropathy) by looking into (1) Nrf2 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation by some protein kinases at specific amino acid sequences and (2) Keap1 downregulation/Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein inhibition (PPI) as potential therapeutic mechanisms exploited by Nrf2 activators for the modulation of diabetic nephropathy biomarkers (Collagen IV, Laminin, TGF-β1 and Fibronectin) that ultimately lead to the amelioration of this disease progression. Furthermore, we brought to limelight the relationship between diabetic nephropathy and Keap1/Nrf2/ARE and finally elucidate how the modulation of this signaling pathway could be further explored to create novel therapeutic milestones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Temitope Isaac Adelusi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Qian Xuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Chowdhury Apu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dragoș D, Manea MM, Timofte D, Ionescu D. Mechanisms of Herbal Nephroprotection in diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:5710513. [PMID: 32695828 PMCID: PMC7362309 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5710513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of kidney morbidity. Despite the multilayered complexity of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of DN, the conventional treatment is limited to just a few drug classes fraught with the risk of adverse events, including the progression of renal dysfunction. Phytoceuticals offer a promising alternative as they act on the many-sidedness of DN pathophysiology, multitargeting its intricacies. This paper offers a review of the mechanisms underlying the protective action of these phytoagents, including boosting the antioxidant capabilities, suppression of inflammation, averting the proliferative and sclerosing/fibrosing events. The pathogenesis of DN is viewed as a continuum going from the original offense, high glucose, through the noxious products it generates (advanced glycation end-products, products of oxidative and nitrosative stress) and the signaling chains consequently brought into action, to the harmful mediators of inflammation, sclerosis, and proliferation that eventually lead to DN, despite the countervailing attempts of the protective mechanisms. Special attention was given to the various pathways involved, pointing out the ability of the phytoagents to hinder the deleterious ones (especially those leading to, driven by, or associated with TGF-β activation, SREBP, Smad, MAPK, PKC, NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, and caspase), to promote the protective ones (PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, EP4/Gs/AC/cAMP, Nrf2, AMPK, and SIRT1), and to favorably modulate those with potentially dual effect (PI3K/Akt). Many phytomedicines have emerged as potentially useful out of in vitro and in vivo studies, but the scarcity of human trials seriously undermines their usage in the current clinical practice-an issue that stringently needs to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Dragoș
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, str. Dionisie Lupu nr. 37, sect 1, Bucharest 020021, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic of University Emergency Hospital, Splaiul Independentei nr. 169, sect. 5, Bucharest 050098, Romania
| | - Maria Mirabela Manea
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, str. Dionisie Lupu nr. 37, sect 1, Bucharest 020021, Romania
- National Institute of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Şos. Berceni, Nr. 10-12, Sector 4, Bucharest 041914, Romania
| | - Delia Timofte
- Dialysis Department of University Emergency Hospital, Splaiul Independentei nr. 169, sect. 5, Bucharest 050098, Romania
| | - Dorin Ionescu
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, str. Dionisie Lupu nr. 37, sect 1, Bucharest 020021, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic of University Emergency Hospital, Splaiul Independentei nr. 169, sect. 5, Bucharest 050098, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee HJ, Gonzalez O, Dick EJ, Donati A, Feliers D, Choudhury GG, Ross C, Venkatachalam M, Tardif SD, Kasinath BS. Marmoset as a Model to Study Kidney Changes Associated With Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:315-324. [PMID: 30321310 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated whether the marmoset, a nonhuman primate, can serve as a good model to study aging-related changes in the kidney by employing healthy young and aged marmosets of both sexes. Aging was associated with glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and arteriolosclerosis in both sexes; correspondingly, the content of matrix proteins was increased. Functionally, aging resulted in an increase in urinary albumin and protein excretion. There was a robust correlation between markers of fibrosis and functional changes. We explored signaling pathways as potential mechanistic events. Aging in males, but not in females, was associated with reduced renal cortical activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and a trend toward activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1); upstream of AMPK and mTORC1, Akt and IGF-1 receptor were activated. In both sexes, aging promoted kidney activation of transforming growth factor β-1 signaling pathway. While the expression of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), an enzyme involved hydrogen sulfide (H2S) synthesis, was reduced in both aged males and females, decreased H2S generation was seen in only males. Our studies show that the marmoset is a valid model to study kidney aging; some of the signaling pathways involved in renal senescence differ between male and female marmosets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hak Joo Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Edward J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Andrew Donati
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio
| | - Denis Feliers
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio.,Geriatric Research Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio
| | - Corinna Ross
- Department of Biology, Texas A & M University, San Antonio
| | - Manjeri Venkatachalam
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio
| | - Suzette D Tardif
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Balakuntalam S Kasinath
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio.,Geriatric Research Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio.,Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β hyperactivity in urinary exfoliated cells predicts progression of diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2019; 97:175-192. [PMID: 31791666 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Burgeoning evidence points to glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β as a key player in diverse kidney diseases. However, as a pivotal transducer of the insulin signaling pathway, the role of GSK3β in diabetic kidney disease remains uncertain. In db/db mice, renal expression of total and activated GSK3β was increasingly elevated. This preceded the development of diabetic kidney disease, and correlated with the progression of signs of diabetic kidney injury, including albuminuria and extracellular matrix accumulation in glomeruli and tubulointerstitia. In vitro, exposure of glomerular podocytes, mesangial cells, and renal tubular cells to a diabetic milieu induced GSK3β overexpression and hyperactivity, which seem essential and sufficient for eliciting diabetic cellular damages in kidney cells, because the cytopathic effect of the diabetic milieu was mitigated by GSK3β knockdown, but was mimicked by ectopic expression of constitutively active GSK3β even in the normal milieu. In consistency, kidney biopsy specimens procured from patients with varying stages of diabetic nephropathy revealed an amplified expression of total and activated GSK3β in glomeruli and renal tubules, associated with the severity of diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, in retrospective cohorts of type 2 diabetic patients that were followed for over five years, the relative activity of GSK3β in banked urinary exfoliated cells represented an independent risk factor for development or progression of renal impairment. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that GSK3β activity in urinary exfoliated cells provided much better power than albuminuria in discriminating diabetic patients with progressive renal impairment from those with stable kidney function. Thus, renal expression and activity of GSK3β are amplified in experimental and clinical diabetic nephropathy. Hence, GSK3β in urinary exfoliated cells may serve as a novel biomarker for predicting diabetic kidney disease progression.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hernandez-Diaz I, Pan J, Ricciardi CA, Bai X, Ke J, White KE, Flaquer M, Fouli GE, Argunhan F, Hayward AE, Hou FF, Mann GE, Miao RQ, Long DA, Gnudi L. Overexpression of Circulating Soluble Nogo-B Improves Diabetic Kidney Disease by Protecting the Vasculature. Diabetes 2019; 68:1841-1852. [PMID: 31217174 PMCID: PMC6706276 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Damage to the vasculature is the primary mechanism driving chronic diabetic microvascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy, which manifests as albuminuria. Therefore, treatments that protect the diabetic vasculature have significant therapeutic potential. Soluble neurite outgrowth inhibitor-B (sNogo-B) is a circulating N-terminus isoform of full-length Nogo-B, which plays a key role in vascular remodeling following injury. However, there is currently no information on the role of sNogo-B in the context of diabetic nephropathy. We demonstrate that overexpression of sNogo-B in the circulation ameliorates diabetic kidney disease by reducing albuminuria, hyperfiltration, and abnormal angiogenesis and protecting glomerular capillary structure. Systemic sNogo-B overexpression in diabetic mice also associates with dampening vascular endothelial growth factor-A signaling and reducing endothelial nitric oxide synthase, AKT, and GSK3β phosphorylation. Furthermore, sNogo-B prevented the impairment of tube formation, which occurred when human endothelial cells were exposed to sera from patients with diabetic kidney disease. Collectively, these studies provide the first evidence that sNogo-B protects the vasculature in diabetes and may represent a novel therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Hernandez-Diaz
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Jiaqi Pan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Carlo Alberto Ricciardi
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Xiaoyan Bai
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianting Ke
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Kathryn E White
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Maria Flaquer
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Georgia E Fouli
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Fulye Argunhan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Anthea E Hayward
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | | | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Luigi Gnudi
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sullivan MA, Forbes JM. Glucose and glycogen in the diabetic kidney: Heroes or villains? EBioMedicine 2019; 47:590-597. [PMID: 31405756 PMCID: PMC6796499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism in the kidney is currently foremost in the minds of nephrologists, diabetologists and researchers globally, as a result of the outstanding success of SGLT2 inhibitors in reducing renal and cardiovascular disease in individuals with diabetes. However, these exciting data have come with the puzzling but fascinating paradigm that many of the beneficial effects on the kidney and cardiovascular system seem to be independent of the systemic glucose lowering actions of these agents. This manuscript places into context an area of research highly relevant to renal glucose metabolism, that of glycogen accumulation and metabolism in the diabetic kidney. Whether the glycogen that abnormally accumulates is pathological (the villain), is somehow protective (the hero) or is inconsequential (the bystander) is a research question that may provide insight into the link between diabetes and diabetic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A Sullivan
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia; Mater Clinical School, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ma T, Zheng Z, Guo H, Lian X, Rane MJ, Cai L, Kim KS, Kim KT, Zhang Z, Bi L. 4-O-methylhonokiol ameliorates type 2 diabetes-induced nephropathy in mice likely by activation of AMPK-mediated fatty acid oxidation and Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 370:93-105. [PMID: 30876865 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious long-term complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D). 4-O-methylhonokiol (MH) is one of the biologically active ingredients extracted from the Magnolia stem bark. In this study, we aim to elucidate whether treatment with MH can ameliorate or slow-down progression of DN in a T2D murine model and, if so, whether the protective response of MH correlates with AMPK-associated anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. To induce T2D, mice were fed normal diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD) for 3 months to induce insulin resistance, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of STZ to induce hyperglycemia. Both T2D and control mice received gavage containing vehicle or MH once diabetes onset for 3 months. Once completing 3-month MH treatment, five mice from each group were sacrificed as 3 month time-point. The rest mice in each group were sacrificed 3 months later as 6 month time-point. In T2D mice, the typical DN symptoms were induced as expected, reflected by increased proteinuria, renal lipid accumulation and lipotoxic effects inducing oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions, and final fibrosis. However, these typical DN changes were significantly prevented by MH treatment for 3 months and even at 3 months post-MH withdrawal. Mechanistically, MH renal-protection from DN may be related to lipid metabolic improvement and oxidative stress attenuation along with increases in AMPK/PGC-1α/CPT1B-mediated fatty acid oxidation and Nrf2/SOD2-mediated anti-oxidative stress. Results showed the preventive effect of MH on the renal oxidative stress and inflammation in DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Zongyu Zheng
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xin Lian
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Madhavi J Rane
- Division of Nephropathy, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ki Soo Kim
- SK Bioland Haimen Co. LTD, Haimen, 226133, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kyoung Tae Kim
- SK Bioland Haimen Co. LTD, Haimen, 226133, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Liqi Bi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Álvarez-Cilleros D, Martín MÁ, Ramos S. Protective effects of (-)-epicatechin and the colonic metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid against glucotoxicity-induced insulin signalling blockade and altered glucose uptake and production in renal tubular NRK-52E cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:119-128. [PMID: 29981789 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glucotoxicity (high levels of glucose) is a major cause in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Evidences indicate that (-)-epicatechin (EC) and colonic metabolites derived from flavonoid intake could possess antidiabetic effects, but the mechanisms for their preventive activities related to glucose homeostasis and insulin signalling in the kidney remain largely unknown. This work is aimed to investigate the effect of EC and main colonic phenolic acids derived from flavonoid intake, i.e. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic-acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic-acid (DHPAA) and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic-acid, on insulin signalling, and glucose production and uptake in renal tubular proximal NRK-52E cells treated with high glucose. Pre-treatment with EC or DHPAA prevented the decreased tyrosine-phosphorylated and total levels of IR caused by high glucose. EC and DHPAA pre-treatment also avoided the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and AMPK, and the elevation of PEPCK levels induced by high glucose. Additionally, EC and DHPAA pre-treatment alleviated the altered glucose uptake and production caused by high glucose, although this protective effect was abrogated when AKT and AMPK were inhibited. These results suggest EC and DHPAA prevent or delay a potential dysfunction of NRK-52E cells treated with high glucose through the attenuation of the insulin signalling blockade and the modulation of glucose homeostasis via AKT and AMPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Álvarez-Cilleros
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martín
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Sonia Ramos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Peruchetti DDB, Silva-Aguiar RP, Siqueira GM, Dias WB, Caruso-Neves C. High glucose reduces megalin-mediated albumin endocytosis in renal proximal tubule cells through protein kinase B O-GlcNAcylation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11388-11400. [PMID: 29871929 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of albumin reabsorption in proximal tubule (PT) cells has emerged as an important factor in the genesis of albuminuria observed in the early stages of diabetes. Evidence has shown that a decrease in megalin expression could be the key mechanism in this process. In the present work, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the modulation of albumin endocytosis in LLC-PK1 cells, a model of PT cells. High glucose concentrations (HG) inhibited megalin expression and albumin endocytosis after 48 h of incubation. This inhibitory effect involves the entrance of glucose into PT cells through SGLT located at the luminal membrane. Once inside PT cells, glucose is diverted to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) increasing O-GlcNAcylation of several intracellular proteins, including PKB. This process promotes the inhibition of PKB activity measured by its phosphorylation at Thr-308 and Ser-473 and phosphorylation of specific substrates, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and tuberous sclerosis complex 2. The decrease in PKB activity led to a decrease in megalin expression and, consequently, reducing albumin endocytosis in LLC-PK1 cells. HG did not change mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) C2 activity, responsible for phosphorylated PKB at Ser-473. In addition, HG activated the mTORC1/S6K pathway, but this effect was not correlated to the decrease in megalin expression or albumin endocytosis. Taken together, our data help to clarify the current understanding underlying the genesis of tubular albuminuria induced by hyperglycemia in the early stage of diabetes pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo de Barros Peruchetti
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-9042
| | | | - Gabriela Marques Siqueira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-9042
| | - Wagner Barbosa Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-9042
| | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-9042; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, INCT-Regenera, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mathur A, Pandey VK, Kakkar P. Activation of GSK3β/β-TrCP axis via PHLPP1 exacerbates Nrf2 degradation leading to impairment in cell survival pathway during diabetic nephropathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 120:414-424. [PMID: 29655866 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), is a major redox sensitive transcription factor that plays an essential role in regulating glucose metabolism. Inactivation of Nrf2 has been associated with diabetic complications however, mechanisms warranting Nrf2 suppression are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that PHLPP1 activates GSK3β to induce β-TrCP mediated Nrf2 phosphorylation and degradation. In vivo study was carried out in STZ-NA induced type 2 diabetic male Wistar rats. GSK3β mediated Nrf2 ubiquitination was confirmed by administration of GSK3β inhibitor (LiCl; 60 mg/kg bwt.) which rapidly enhanced Nrf2 protein levels in STZ-NA treated diabetic rats. In addition, high glucose (30 mM; 48 h) treated renal proximal tubular cells NRK52E showed decreased Nrf2 nuclear localization, enhanced oxidative stress and caspase3 activation. While specific inhibition with GSK3β inhibitor SB216763 in vitro restored cellular homeostasis, glucose uptake and decreased apoptotic cell death. Immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry data demonstrated that aberrant renal glucose fluxes are associated with p53 mediated modulation in glucose transporter levels where expression of p53 is indirectly targeted through Nrf2 responsive MDM2 protein. Gene knockdown of PHLPP1 in NRK52E cells enhanced Nrf2-responsive antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and NQO-1 which suggested that PHLPP1 up-regulation during hyperglycemia lowers Nrf2 stability via GSK3β activation. More significantly, GSK3β inhibition enhanced Nrf2-ARE binding compared to diabetic rats, providing further confirmation for GSK3β/β-TrCP pathway in suppressing Nrf2 activation during diabetic renal injury. Taken together, our results indicate that PHLPP1 up-surged Nrf2 nuclear instability by promoting Nrf2/β-TrCP association and its inhibition may be critical in the management of diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Mathur
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Pandey
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Michael OS, Olatunji LA. Ameliorative effect of nicotine exposure on insulin resistance is accompanied by decreased cardiac glycogen synthase kinase-3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 during oral oestrogen-progestin therapy. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:139-148. [PMID: 28868937 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1369549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cigarette smoking is considered to be a major risk factor for the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Oestrogen-progestin combined oral contraceptive (COC) use has been associated with adverse cardiometabolic events. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that nicotine would ameliorate insulin resistance (IR) that is accompanied by decreased cardiac glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). METHODS Female Wistar rats received (po) low-(0.1 mg/kg) or high-nicotine (1.0 mg/kg) with or without COC containing 5.0 µg levonorgestrel plus 1.0 µg ethinylestradiol daily for 8 weeks. RESULTS Data showed that COC treatment or nicotine exposure led to IR, glucose deregulation, atherogenic dyslipidemia, increased corticosterone, aldosterone, cardiac and circulating GSK-3 values and PAI-1. However, these effects with the exception of corticosterone and aldosterone were ameliorated in COC + nicotine-exposed rats. CONCLUSION Amelioration of IR induced by COC treatment is accompanied by decreased circulating PAI-1, cardiac PAI-1 and GSK-3 instead of circulating aldosterone and corticosterone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olugbenga S Michael
- a Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology , University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- b Hope Cardiometabolic Research Centre , Ilorin , Nigeria
- c Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology , College of Health sciences, Bowen University , Iwo , Nigeria
| | - Lawrence A Olatunji
- a Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology , University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- b Hope Cardiometabolic Research Centre , Ilorin , Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mami I, Pallet N. tRNA fragmentation and protein translation dynamics in the course of kidney injury. RNA Biol 2018; 15:1147-1156. [PMID: 26513712 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1107704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells under stressful microenvironmental conditions initiate integrated molecular circuitries that aim at reducing general protein translation rates while redirecting protein synthesis toward a selective set of stress-response proteins. The consequence of the activation of this dynamic system is a reduction of the energy expenditure of the cell, and a metabolic rewiring that shapes adaptation under stress, which will, in fine, promote cell survival. In general, the translation initiation step is the prime target of translation reduction, with 2 molcular modules inhibiting translation initiation: the mechanistic target of Rapamycin complex 1, and the stress related kinases eIF2 kinases, which are all involved in the cellular responses to kidney injuries. tRNA (tRNA) dynamics and fragmentation have recently gained a considerable weight in the field of the non-coding RNA biology, and emerge as an important system for protein translation modulation under cellular stress. More precisely, stress-induced tRNA (tiRNA), the cleavage products of the ribonuclease angiogenin, are generated under various stress conditions, including oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and contribute to protein translation reprogramming in mammal cells. Current clinical and experimental evidence indicates that the angiogenin-tRNA fragmentation system is initiated under renal insults, and is involved in the tissue adaptation upon kidney injury. In addition, this system represents a potential source for minimally-invasive or non invasive biomarkers of early kidney injury. Besides RNA interference, tRNA fragments are likely involved in other fundamental cellular functions, including inflammation, and a better understanding of the molecular basis of tRNA functions will drive discoveries on the fundamental role of non coding RNA biology, as exemplified by microRNA, in the regulation of kidney homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iadh Mami
- a INSERM U1147, Center Universitaire des Saints Pères , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France
| | - Nicolas Pallet
- a INSERM U1147, Center Universitaire des Saints Pères , Paris , France.,b Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France.,c Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Européen Gorges Pompidou , Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Álvarez-Cilleros D, Martín MÁ, Ramos S. (-)-Epicatechin and the Colonic 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Metabolite Regulate Glucose Uptake, Glucose Production, and Improve Insulin Signaling in Renal NRK-52E Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [PMID: 29205863 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE (-)-Epicatechin (EC) and main colonic phenolic acids derived from flavonoid intake, such as 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA), 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (HPPA), and vanillic acid (VA), have been suggested to exert beneficial effects in diabetes, although the mechanism for their actions remains unknown. In this study, the modulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling by the mentioned compounds on renal proximal tubular NRK-52E cells is investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Levels of the glucose transporters SGLT-2 and GLUT-2, as well as glucose uptake, glucose production, and key proteins of the insulin pathways, namely insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and PI3K/AKT pathway are analyzed. EC (5-20 μm) and DHBA (20 μm) reduced both renal glucose uptake and production. Interestingly, EC and DHBA did not modify the levels of SGLT-2 and GLUT-2, and modulated the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase via AKT leading to a diminished glucose production. EC and DHBA also enhanced the tyrosine phosphorylation and total IR and IRS-1 levels, and activated the PI3K/AKT pathway in NRK-52E cells. CONCLUSION EC and DHBA regulate the renal glucose homeostasis by modulating both glucose uptake and production, and strengthen the insulin signaling by activating key proteins of that pathway in NRK-52E cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Álvarez-Cilleros
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martín
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Sonia Ramos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Peng LQ, Zhao H, Liu S, Yuan YP, Yuan CY, Mwamunyi MJ, Pearce D, Yao LJ. Lack of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 leads to podocyte dysfunction. FASEB J 2018; 32:576-587. [PMID: 28935820 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700393rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 (SGK3) is a downstream mediator of PI3K, which is essential for maintaining the functional integrity of podocytes. However, little is known about the role of SGK3 in podocyte function. Herein, we demonstrated that SGK3 contributes to the maintenance of podocyte integrity. Conditionally immortalized mouse podocyte cells (MPCs) were treated with puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). PAN treatment inhibited the activity of SGK3 and the expression of podocin. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of SGK3 also reduced podocin expression in the absence of PAN. Adriamycin (ADR)-treated mice developed proteinuria and had decreased renal glomerular SGK3 expression in comparison to control mice. Consistent with a role for SGK3 in the ADR effect, SGK3 knockout (KO) mice had markedly reduced kidney podocin expression and significantly elevated proteinuria compared with wild-type mice. Electron microscopy revealed that SGK3 KO mice displayed partial effacement of podocyte foot processes. Further, a SGK3 target protein, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), was discovered to be dramatically activated in PAN and SGK3 shRNA-treated MPCs and in SGK3 KO mice. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that SGK3 plays a significant role in regulating podocyte function, likely by controlling the expression and activity of GSK3.-Peng, L.-Q., Zhao, H., Liu, S., Yuan, Y.-P., Yuan, C.-Y., Mwamunyi, M.-J., Pearce, D., Yao, L.-J. Lack of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3 leads to podocyte dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qin Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Pei Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng-Yan Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mercy-Julian Mwamunyi
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - David Pearce
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Li-Jun Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jiao C, Zhu L, Gu Z. GSK-3 mediates NO-cGMP-induced isoflavone production in soybean sprouts. Food Res Int 2017; 101:203-208. [PMID: 28941685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in the nitric oxide-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (NO-cGMP)-induced isoflavone production in soybean sprouts was examined. Inhibitors and donors of NO, cGMP, and GSK-3 inhibitor were added to UV-B irradiated sprouts. Results showed that NO, with cGMP, induced the expression of GSK-3 under UV-B radiation. Protein kinase G (PKG) was shown to be involved in NO-cGMP-induced GSK-3 activation. GSK-3 elevated activity and expression levels of chalcone synthase (CHS) and isoflavone synthase (IFS), and increased isoflavone accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Jiao
- College of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui 246133, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui 246133, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxin Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Basile DP, Mehrotra P. Surprising Enhancement of Fibrosis by Tubule-Specific Deletion of the TGF- β Receptor: A New Twist on an Old Paradigm. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3427-3429. [PMID: 29074738 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017080947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David P Basile
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Purvi Mehrotra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jing D, Bai H, Yin S. Renoprotective effects of emodin against diabetic nephropathy in rat models are mediated via PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β and Bax/caspase-3 signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5163-5169. [PMID: 29201232 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emodin is the main active component of the Chinese medicine rhubarb, which has a variety of pharmacological effects and a high clinical value. Its anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects have been widely studied. The aim of the present study was to determine whether emodin has renoprotective effects, and to identify the potential underlying mechanisms in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The changes in mean blood glucose levels, normalized kidney weight, urinary albumin excretion, serum creatinine levels and tubulointerstitial injury index (TII) scores of the rats with DN were significantly attenuated by emodin. Furthermore, treatment with emodin significantly inhibited inflammation-related factors and oxidative stress, suppressed the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein (Bax), increased phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated-glycogen synthase kinase 3 (p-GSK-3β) expression and inhibited caspase-3 activity in diabetic rats. These data suggest that emodin protects against DN and that the underlying mechanism may involve the suppression of inflammation, ICAM-1 and Bax, and activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Jing
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Shinan Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ying C, Mao Y, Chen L, Wang S, Ling H, Li W, Zhou X. Bamboo leaf extract ameliorates diabetic nephropathy through activating the AKT signaling pathway in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:1587-1594. [PMID: 28359892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe diabetic complication and it is becoming become a worldwide epidemic, accounting for approximately one-third of all case of end-stage renal disease. However, the underlying mechanism and strategy to alleviate renal injury remain unclear. In the present study, we assessed the protective effect of bamboo leaf extract on the DN, and investigated the underlying mechanism by which bamboo leaf extract ameliorating DN. Diabetic rats were induced by 4 weeks high sugar and high fat diet, and then injected a single dose of STZ (35mg/kg) into abdominal cavity. Different dose of bamboo extract (50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) were orally administered every day for a period of 12 weeks. Body weight, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and 24-hour urinary protein (24 h-UP) were assessed. Total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and MDA (methane dicarboxylic aldehyde, MDA) level were tested by assay kit. Microstructural changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and electron microscopy. Expression of phosphorylated ser/thr protein kinase (P-AKT), phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (P-GSK-3β), B cell lymphoma/leukemia 2-associated X protein (BAX) and cleaved-cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (Cleaved Caspase-3) were measured by Western-Blotting (WB). Results showed that diabetic rats had weight loss, high blood glucose, HbAlc, BUN, Scr and 24-UP and T-SOD activity were increased and MDA level was decreased in diabetic rats. Moreover, hyperglycemia could injury renal tissue ultrastructure, inhibit P-AKT level and increase P-GSK-3β, BAX and Cleaved Caspase-3 levels in rats. However, bamboo leaf extract treatment could reduce body weight loss, BUN, Scr, 24 h-UP and MDA level, improve T-SOD activity and alleviate renal injury in diabetic rats. Furthermore, bamboo leaf extract increased P-AKT level, decreased P-GSK-3β, BAX and Cleaved Caspase-3 levels in STZ-diabetic rats. In conclusion, our study suggested that bamboo leaf extract ameliorated DN in diabetic rats, and this protective effect is possibly related to suppressing oxidative stress through activating AKT signaling pathway. Bamboo leaf extract treatment may be a potential promising therapy for DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Ying
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Yizhen Mao
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Hongwei Ling
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li HY, Oh YS, Choi JW, Jung JY, Jun HS. Blocking lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 signaling inhibits diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. Kidney Int 2017; 91:1362-1373. [PMID: 28111010 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is known to regulate various biological responses by binding to LPA receptors. The serum level of LPA is elevated in diabetes, but the involvement of LPA in the development of diabetes and its complications remains unknown. Therefore, we studied LPA signaling in diabetic nephropathy and the molecular mechanisms involved. The expression of autotaxin, an LPA synthesis enzyme, and LPA receptor 1 was significantly increased in both mesangial cells (SV40 MES13) maintained in high-glucose media and the kidney cortex of diabetic db/db mice. Increased urinary albumin excretion, increased glomerular tuft area and volume, and mesangial matrix expansion were observed in db/db mice and reduced by treatment with ki16425, a LPA receptor 1/3 antagonist. Transforming growth factor (TGF)β expression and Smad-2/3 phosphorylation were upregulated in SV40 MES13 cells by LPA stimulation or in the kidney cortex of db/db mice, and this was blocked by ki16425 treatment. LPA receptor 1 siRNA treatment inhibited LPA-induced TGFβ expression, whereas cells overexpressing LPA receptor 1 showed enhanced LPA-induced TGFβ expression. LPA treatment of SV40 MES13 cells increased phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β at Ser9 and induced translocation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)1 into the nucleus. Blocking GSK3β phosphorylation inhibited SREBP1 activation and consequently blocked LPA-induced TGFβ expression in SV40 MES13 cells. Phosphorylated GSK3β and nuclear SREBP1 accumulation were increased in the kidney cortex of db/db mice and ki16425 treatment blocked these pathways. Thus, LPA receptor 1 signaling increased TGFβ expression via GSK3β phosphorylation and SREBP1 activation, contributing to the development of diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ying Li
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yoon Sin Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
| | - Ji-Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji Yong Jung
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea; College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rescue therapy with Tanshinone IIA hinders transition of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease via targeting GSK3β. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36698. [PMID: 27857162 PMCID: PMC5114614 DOI: 10.1038/srep36698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains challenging for clinical practice and poses a risk of developing progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) with no definitive treatment available yet. Tanshinone IIA, an active ingredient of Chinese herbal Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been widely used in Asia for the remarkable organoprotective activities. Its effect on established AKI, however, remains unknown. In mice with folic acid-induced AKI, delayed treatment with Tanshinone IIA, commenced early or late after injury, diminished renal expression of kidney injury markers, reduced apoptosis and improved kidney dysfunction, concomitant with mitigated histologic signs of AKI to CKD transition, including interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, and with an ameliorated inflammatory infiltration in tubulointerstitium and a favored M2-skewed macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, Tanshinone IIA blunted glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β overactivity and hyperactivation of its downstream mitogen-activated protein kinases that are centrally implicated in renal fibrogenesis and inflammation. Inhibition of GSK3β is likely a key mechanism mediating the therapeutic activity of Tanshinone IIA, because sodium nitroprusside, a GSK3β activator, largely offset its renoprotective effect. In confirmatory studies, rescue treatment with Tanshinone IIA likewise ameliorated ischemia/reperfusion-induced kidney destruction in mice. Our data suggest that Tanshinone IIA represents a valuable treatment that improves post-AKI kidney salvage via targeting GSK3β.
Collapse
|
37
|
Fernandes-Silva G, Ivani de Paula M, Rangel ÉB. mTOR inhibitors in pancreas transplant: adverse effects and drug-drug interactions. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 13:367-385. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1239708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Fernandes-Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão, Nephrology Department, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara Ivani de Paula
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão, Nephrology Department, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Érika B. Rangel
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão, Nephrology Department, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Guo J, Yang L, Qiao Y, Liu Z. Glycogen synthase kinase‑3β is required for epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and barrier dysfunction in mouse podocytes under high glucose conditions. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4091-4098. [PMID: 27748847 PMCID: PMC5101890 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important for diabetic nephropathy (DN). Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells, which form a major component of the glomerular filtration barrier. Podocyte damage has been suggested to be the primary mechanism behind the albuminuria associated with DN. The present study aimed to determine the function of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β in EMT and barrier dysfunction of mouse podocytes exposed to high glucose (HG) conditions. Matured and differentiated podocytes were treated with normal glucose (NG), HG or NG + mannitol. Podocytes were also transfected with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) against GSK-3β or a scrambled siRNA, or were treated with lithium chloride (LiCl), a GSK-3β inhibitor, under NG or HG conditions. The expression levels of the epithelial cell markers, nephrin and podocin, and the myofibroblast cell markers, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and fibronectin, in podocytes by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The monolayer barrier function was assessed by albumin inflow. The phosphorylation and activity levels of GSK-3β were also quantified. It was observed that HG promotes EMT in podocytes, due to the increased levels of podocin and nephrin expression and the reduced α-SMA and fibronectin expression levels. HG also induced barrier dysfunction and increased the expression level of total GSK-3β, Try216-phosphorylated-GSK-3β and the GSK-3β activity in podocytes. Transfection of GSK-3β siRNA or treatment with LiCl reversed the HG-induced EMT and barrier dysfunction in podocytes. In conclusion, the present study determined that GSK-3β is required for EMT and barrier dysfunction in podocytes under HG conditions; therefore, GSK-3β may be a novel target for the treatment of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yingjin Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sun H, Wang W, Han P, Shao M, Song G, Du H, Yi T, Li S. Astragaloside IV ameliorates renal injury in db/db mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32545. [PMID: 27585918 PMCID: PMC5009300 DOI: 10.1038/srep32545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a lethal complication of diabetes mellitus and a major type of chronic kidney disease. Dysregulation of the Akt pathway and its downstream cascades, including mTOR, NFκB, and Erk1/2, play a critical role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Astragaloside IV is a major component of Huangqi and exerts renal protection in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. The current study was undertaken to investigate the protective effects of diet supplementation of AS-IV on renal injury in db/db mice, a type 2 diabetic mouse model. Results showed that administration of AS-IV reduced albuminuria, ameliorated changes in the glomerular and tubular pathology, and decreased urinary NAG, NGAL, and TGF-β1 in db/db mice. AS-IV also attenuated the diabetes-related activation of Akt/mTOR, NFκB, and Erk1/2 signaling pathways without causing any detectable hepatotoxicity. Collectively, these findings showed AS-IV to be beneficial to type 2 diabetic nephropathy, which might be associated with the inhibition of Akt/mTOR, NFκB and Erk1/2 signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huili Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengxun Han
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mumin Shao
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gaofeng Song
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Tiegang Yi
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shunmin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li YX, Huang Y, Liu S, Mao Y, Yuan CY, Yang X, Yao LJ. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Modulates Hyperosmotic-Induced Urea Transporter A1 Relocation in the Inner Medullary Collecting Duct Cells. Nephron Clin Pract 2016; 133:71-9. [PMID: 27161213 DOI: 10.1159/000446158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) regulates urine concentration by mediating the vasopressin-induced aquaporin 2 expression and water permeability, although it is unknown whether GSK3 also mediates the accumulation of the urea transporter A1 (UT-A1). The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of GSK3 on UT-A1 distribution. METHODS Mouse inner medullary collecting duct 3 cells were transfected with UT-A1-GFP construct. The stable transfected cells were cultured under hypertonic conditions, treated with GSK3 inhibitor lithium chloride, GSK3 activator, lysosome or proteasome inhibitor. The expression levels of UT-A1, GSK3, and phospho-GSK3 were analyzed using western blot. The interaction between UT-A1 and the Golgi apparatus was examined using confocal immunofluorescence microscope. The UT-A1 trafficking was examined using the biotinylation of surface membranes. RESULTS UT-A1 dissociated away from the Golgi apparatus and translocated to the plasma membrane under hypertonic-NaCl and NaCl plus urea stimulation. This movement was accompanied by the increased phosphorylation of GSK3 and its localization on the cellular membrane. Moreover, these results were duplicated by treating the cells with the GSK3 inhibitor, and by contrast, were partially reversed by the GSK3 activator. Treating cells with a lysosome or proteasome inhibitor failed to attenuate the effects of hypertonic stimulus, indicating that the loss of UT-A1 from the Golgi was not due to degradation. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that GSK3 may in part modulate the hypertonic-induced intracellular UT-A1 redistribution and its accumulation on the plasma membrane, which may constitute another mechanism by which GSK3 modulates urine concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xia Li
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lackey BR, Gray SL. Second messengers, steroids and signaling cascades: Crosstalk in sperm development and function. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 224:294-302. [PMID: 26188217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Signaling cascades control numerous aspects of sperm physiology, ranging from creation to fertilization. Novel aspects of several kinases and their influence on sperm development will be discussed in the first section and cover proliferation, chromatin remodeling and morphology. In the second section, protein kinases (A, B and C) that affect sperm function and their regulation by second messengers, cyclic-AMP and phosphoinositides, as well as steroids will be featured. Key areas of integration will be presented on the topics of sperm motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction and fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B R Lackey
- Endocrine Physiology Laboratory, AVS Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - S L Gray
- Endocrine Physiology Laboratory, AVS Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|