1
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Cao X, Huang S, Wagner MM, Cho YT, Chiu DC, Wartchow KM, Lazarian A, McIntire LB, Smolka MB, Baskin JM. A phosphorylation-controlled switch confers cell cycle-dependent protein relocalization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597552. [PMID: 38895347 PMCID: PMC11185714 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Tools for acute manipulation of protein localization enable elucidation of spatiotemporally defined functions, but their reliance on exogenous triggers can interfere with cell physiology. This limitation is particularly apparent for studying mitosis, whose highly choreographed events are sensitive to perturbations. Here we exploit the serendipitous discovery of a phosphorylation-controlled, cell cycle-dependent localization change of the adaptor protein PLEKHA5 to develop a system for mitosis-specific protein recruitment to the plasma membrane that requires no exogenous stimulus. Mitosis-enabled Anchor-away/Recruiter System (MARS) comprises an engineered, 15-kDa module derived from PLEKHA5 capable of recruiting functional protein cargoes to the plasma membrane during mitosis, either through direct fusion or via GFP-GFP nanobody interaction. Applications of MARS include both knock sideways to rapidly extract proteins from their native localizations during mitosis and conditional recruitment of lipid-metabolizing enzymes for mitosis-selective editing of plasma membrane lipid content, without the need for exogenous triggers or perturbative synchronization methods.
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2
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Kamizaki K, Minami Y, Nishita M. Role of the Ror family receptors in Wnt5a signaling. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:489-501. [PMID: 38587578 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Ror-family receptors, Ror1 and Ror2, are type I transmembrane proteins that possess an extracellular cysteine-rich domain, which is conserved throughout the Frizzled-family receptors and is a binding site for Wnt ligands. Both Ror1 and Ror2 function primarily as receptors or co-receptors for Wnt5a to activate the β-catenin-independent, non-canonical Wnt signaling, thereby regulating cell polarity, migration, proliferation, and differentiation depending on the context. Ror1 and Ror2 are expressed highly in many tissues during embryogenesis but minimally or scarcely in adult tissues, with some exceptions. In contrast, Ror1 and Ror2 are expressed in many types of cancers, and their high expression often contributes to the progression of the disease. Therefore, Ror1 and Ror2 have been proposed as potential targets for the treatment of the malignancies. In this review, we provide an overview of the regulatory mechanisms of Ror1/Ror2 expression and discuss how Wnt5a-Ror1/Ror2 signaling is mediated and regulated by their interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kamizaki
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Minami
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Michiru Nishita
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-Oka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
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3
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Díaz-Coránguez M, González-González L, Wang A, Liu X, Antonetti DA. Disheveled-1 Interacts with Claudin-5 and Contributes to Norrin-Induced Endothelial Barrier Restoration. Cells 2023; 12:2402. [PMID: 37830616 PMCID: PMC10571979 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that norrin can reverse vascular endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF)-induced permeability in a β-catenin-dependent pathway. Here, we have explored the contribution of disheveled-1 (DVL1) in norrin-induced blood-retinal barrier (BRB) restoration. We provide evidence that in addition to canonical signaling, DVL1 promotes tight junction (TJ) stabilization through a novel, non-canonical signaling pathway involving direct claudin-5 (CLDN5) binding. Immunofluorescence staining of rat retinal cross-sections showed enriched expression of DVL1 and 3 at endothelial capillaries and co-localization with CLDN5 and ZO-1 at the TJ complex in primary bovine retinal endothelial cells (BRECs). Barrier properties of BRECs were determined via measurements of trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) or permeability to 70 kDa RITC-dextran. These studies demonstrated that norrin restoration of barrier properties after VEGF treatment required DVL1 as an siRNA knockdown of Dvl1 but not Dvl2 or Dvl3, reduced basal barrier properties and ablated norrin-induced barrier restoration. However, loss of Dvl1 did not decrease β-catenin signaling activity as measured by Axin2 mRNA expression, suggesting the contribution of a non-canonical pathway. DVL and TJ protein interactions were analyzed via co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous protein in BRECs, which demonstrated that DVL1 interacts with both CLDN5 and ZO-1, while DVL3 interacts only with ZO-1. These interactions were most abundant after inducing BRB restoration by treating BRECs with VEGF and norrin. DVL has previously been shown to form intramolecular bindings between the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (PDZ-BM) with an internal PDZ domain. Co-transfection of HEK293 cells with DVL1 and CLDN5 or relevant mutants revealed that DVL1 interacts with CLDN5 through the DVL PDZ domain binding, CLDN5 PDZ-BM, in competition with DVL1 PDZ-BM, since DVL/CLDN5 interaction increases with deletion of the DVL1 PDZ-BM and decreases by co-expressing the C-terminal fragment of DVL1 containing the PDZ-BM or through deletion of CLDN5 PDZ-BM. In BREC cells, transfection of the C-terminal fragment of DVL1 downregulates the expression of CLDN5 but does not affect the expression of other proteins of the TJs, including ZO-1, occludin, CLDN1 or VE-cadherin. Blocking DVL1/CLDN5 interaction increased basal permeability and prevented norrin induction of barrier properties after VEGF. Combined with previous data, these results demonstrate that norrin signals through both a canonical β-catenin pathway and a non-canonical signaling pathway by which DVL1 directly binds to CLDN5 to promote barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Díaz-Coránguez
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Laura González-González
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (L.G.-G.); (A.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Amy Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (L.G.-G.); (A.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuwen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (L.G.-G.); (A.W.); (X.L.)
| | - David A. Antonetti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (L.G.-G.); (A.W.); (X.L.)
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4
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Grätz L, Kowalski-Jahn M, Scharf MM, Kozielewicz P, Jahn M, Bous J, Lambert NA, Gloriam DE, Schulte G. Pathway selectivity in Frizzleds is achieved by conserved micro-switches defining pathway-determining, active conformations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4573. [PMID: 37516754 PMCID: PMC10387068 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The class Frizzled of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), consisting of ten Frizzled (FZD1-10) paralogs and Smoothened, remains one of the most enigmatic GPCR families. This class mediates signaling predominantly through Disheveled (DVL) or heterotrimeric G proteins. However, the mechanisms underlying pathway selection are elusive. Here we employ a structure-driven mutagenesis approach in combination with an extensive panel of functional signaling readouts to investigate the importance of conserved state-stabilizing residues in FZD5 for signal specification. Similar data were obtained for FZD4 and FZD10 suggesting that our findings can be extrapolated to other members of the FZD family. Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of wild type and selected FZD5 mutants further support the concept that distinct conformational changes in FZDs specify the signal outcome. In conclusion, we find that FZD5 and FZDs in general prefer coupling to DVL rather than heterotrimeric G proteins and that distinct active state micro-switches in the receptor are essential for pathway selection arguing for conformational changes in the receptor protein defining transducer selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Grätz
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Sec. Receptor Biology & Signaling, Biomedicum, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kowalski-Jahn
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Sec. Receptor Biology & Signaling, Biomedicum, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena M Scharf
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Sec. Receptor Biology & Signaling, Biomedicum, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pawel Kozielewicz
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Sec. Receptor Biology & Signaling, Biomedicum, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Jahn
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, S-17121, Solna, Sweden
- Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Bioinformatics platform, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julien Bous
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Sec. Receptor Biology & Signaling, Biomedicum, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nevin A Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Sec. Receptor Biology & Signaling, Biomedicum, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden.
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5
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Bowin CF, Kozielewicz P, Grätz L, Kowalski-Jahn M, Schihada H, Schulte G. WNT stimulation induces dynamic conformational changes in the Frizzled-Dishevelled interaction. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabo4974. [PMID: 37014927 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo4974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Frizzleds (FZDs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that bind to WNT family ligands. FZDs signal through multiple effector proteins, including Dishevelled (DVL), which acts as a hub for several downstream signaling pathways. To understand how WNT binding to FZD stimulates intracellular signaling and influences downstream pathway selectivity, we investigated the dynamic changes in the FZD5-DVL2 interaction elicited by WNT-3A and WNT-5A. Ligand-induced changes in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) between FZD5 and DVL2 or the isolated FZD-binding DEP domain of DVL2 revealed a composite response consisting of both DVL2 recruitment and conformational dynamics in the FZD5-DVL2 complex. The combination of different BRET paradigms enabled us to identify ligand-dependent conformational dynamics in the FZD5-DVL2 complex and distinguish them from ligand-induced recruitment of DVL2 or DEP to FZD5. The observed agonist-induced conformational changes at the receptor-transducer interface suggest that extracellular agonist and intracellular transducers cooperate through transmembrane allosteric interaction with FZDs in a ternary complex reminiscent of that of classical GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Fredrik Bowin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pawel Kozielewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lukas Grätz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kowalski-Jahn
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Molina-Pelayo C, Olguin P, Mlodzik M, Glavic A. The conserved Pelado/ZSWIM8 protein regulates actin dynamics by promoting linear actin filament polymerization. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/12/e202201484. [PMID: 35940847 PMCID: PMC9375228 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin filament polymerization can be branched or linear, which depends on the associated regulatory proteins. Competition for actin monomers occurs between proteins that induce branched or linear actin polymerization. Cell specialization requires the regulation of actin filaments to allow the formation of cell type-specific structures, like cuticular hairs in Drosophila, formed by linear actin filaments. Here, we report the functional analysis of CG34401/pelado, a gene encoding a SWIM domain-containing protein, conserved throughout the animal kingdom, called ZSWIM8 in mammals. Mutant pelado epithelial cells display actin hair elongation defects. This phenotype is reversed by increasing actin monomer levels or by either pushing linear actin polymerization or reducing branched actin polymerization. Similarly, in hemocytes, Pelado is essential to induce filopodia, a linear actin-based structure. We further show that this function of Pelado/ZSWIM8 is conserved in human cells, where Pelado inhibits branched actin polymerization in a cell migration context. In summary, our data indicate that the function of Pelado/ZSWIM8 in regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics is conserved, favoring linear actin polymerization at the expense of branched filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Molina-Pelayo
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Departamento de Biología, Centro FONDAP de Regulación del Genoma, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Olguin
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA .,Departamento de Neurociencia, Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Neurociencia Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alvaro Glavic
- Departamento de Biología, Centro FONDAP de Regulación del Genoma, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Boligala GP, Yang MV, van Wunnik JC, Pruitt K. Nuclear Dishevelled: An enigmatic role in governing cell fate and Wnt signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119305. [PMID: 35688346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Dishevelled gene was first identified in Drosophila mutants with disoriented hair and bristle polarity and subsequent work has now demonstrated its importance in critical and diverse aspects of biology. Since those early discoveries, Dishevelled has been shown to coordinate a plethora of developmental and cellular processes that range from controlling cell polarity during gastrulation to partnering with chromatin modifying enzymes to regulate histone methylation at genomic loci. While the role of DVL in development is well-respected and the cytosolic function of DVL has been studied more extensively, its nuclear role continues to remain murky. In this review we highlight some of the seminal discoveries that have contributed to the field, but the primary focus is to discuss recent advances with respect to the nuclear role of Dishevelled. This nuclear function of Dishevelled is a dimension which is proving to be increasingly important yet remains enigmatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Priya Boligala
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mingxiao V Yang
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jenna C van Wunnik
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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8
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Sharma M, Castro-Piedras I, Rasha F, Ramachandran S, Sennoune SR, Furr K, Almodovar S, Ganapathy V, Grisham MB, Rahman RL, Pruitt K. Dishevelled-1 DIX and PDZ domain lysine residues regulate oncogenic Wnt signaling. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2234-2251. [PMID: 34733415 PMCID: PMC8555683 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DVL proteins are central mediators of the Wnt pathway and relay complex input signals into different branches of the Wnt signaling network. However, molecular mechanism(s) that regulate DVL-mediated relay of Wnt signals still remains unclear. Here, for the first time, we elucidate the functional significance of three DVL-1 lysines (K/Lys) which are subject to post-translational acetylation. We demonstrate that K34 Lys residue in the DIX domain regulates subcellular localization of β-catenin, thereby influencing downstream Wnt target gene expression. Additionally, we show that K69 (DIX domain) and K285 (PDZ domain) regulate binding of DVL-1 to Wnt target gene promoters and modulate expression of Wnt target genes including CMYC, OCT4, NANOG, and CCND1, in cell line models and xenograft tumors. Finally, we report that conserved DVL-1 lysines modulate various oncogenic functions such as cell migration, proliferation, cell-cycle progression, 3D-spheroid formation and in-vivo tumor growth in breast cancer models. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of DVL-1 domain-specific lysines which were recently shown to be acetylated and characterize their influence on Wnt signaling. These site-specific modifications may be subject to regulation by therapeutics already in clinical use (lysine deacetylase inhibitors such as Panobinostat and Vorinostat) or may possibly have prognostic utility in translational efforts that seek to modulate dysfunctional Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sharma
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Isabel Castro-Piedras
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Fahmida Rasha
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sabarish Ramachandran
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Souad R. Sennoune
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kathryn Furr
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sharilyn Almodovar
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Matthew B. Grisham
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Kevin Pruitt
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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9
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Shi Q, Chen YG. Regulation of Dishevelled protein activity and stability by post-translational modifications and autophagy. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:1003-1016. [PMID: 34433516 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
As a key component of Wnt signaling, Dishevelled (Dvl/Dsh) plays essential roles in development processes and adult tissue homeostasis in multicellular organisms, and its deregulation results in human development disorders and other diseases. Dvl integrates and relays complex Wnt signals by acting as a branch-point of β-catenin-dependent canonical and β-catenin-independent noncanonical pathways. It dynamically interacts with multiple proteins to modulate Wnt signaling, while its activity and stability are tightly controlled by other proteins. This Review summarizes the current understanding of regulation of Dvl activity, localization, and stability by post-translational modifications, aggregation, and autophagy, and the impacts on Dvl function in both Wnt signaling and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoni Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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10
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Beitia GJ, Rutherford TJ, Freund SMV, Pelham HR, Bienz M, Gammons MV. Regulation of Dishevelled DEP domain swapping by conserved phosphorylation sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2103258118. [PMID: 34155117 PMCID: PMC8256032 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103258118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signals bind to Frizzled receptors to trigger canonical and noncanonical signaling responses that control cell fates during animal development and tissue homeostasis. All Wnt signals are relayed by the hub protein Dishevelled. During canonical (β-catenin-dependent) signaling, Dishevelled assembles signalosomes via dynamic head-to-tail polymerization of its Dishevelled and Axin (DIX) domain, which are cross-linked by its Dishevelled, Egl-10, and Pleckstrin (DEP) domain through a conformational switch from monomer to domain-swapped dimer. The domain-swapped conformation of DEP masks the site through which Dishevelled binds to Frizzled, implying that DEP domain swapping results in the detachment of Dishevelled from Frizzled. This would be incompatible with noncanonical Wnt signaling, which relies on long-term association between Dishevelled and Frizzled. It is therefore likely that DEP domain swapping is differentially regulated during canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling. Here, we use NMR spectroscopy and cell-based assays to uncover intermolecular contacts in the DEP dimer that are essential for its stability and for Dishevelled function in relaying canonical Wnt signals. These contacts are mediated by an intrinsically structured sequence spanning a conserved phosphorylation site upstream of the DEP domain that serves to clamp down the swapped N-terminal α-helix onto the structural core of a reciprocal DEP molecule in the domain-swapped configuration. Mutations of this phosphorylation site and its cognate surface on the reciprocal DEP core attenuate DEP-dependent dimerization of Dishevelled and its canonical signaling activity in cells without impeding its binding to Frizzled. We propose that phosphorylation of this crucial residue could be employed to switch off canonical Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo J Beitia
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor J Rutherford
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan M V Freund
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh R Pelham
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Mariann Bienz
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa V Gammons
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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11
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Paclíková P, Radaszkiewicz TW, Potěšil D, Harnoš J, Zdráhal Z, Bryja V. Roles of individual human Dishevelled paralogs in the Wnt signalling pathways. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110058. [PMID: 34082011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dishevelled (DVL) proteins are key mediators of most Wnt pathways. In all vertebrates, three DVL paralogs are present (DVL1, DVL2 and DVL3) but it is poorly defined to what extent they are functionally redundant. Here, we generated T-REx HEK 293 cells with only one DVL paralog (i.e., DVL1-only, DVL2-only, and DVL3-only) and compared their response to Wnt-3a and Wnt-5a ligands with wild type and DVL triple knockout cells. We show that DVL is essential, in addition to the previously shown Wnt-3a-induced phosphorylation of LRP6 and transcriptional activation of TCF/LEF-dependent reporter, also for Wnt-3a-induced degradation of AXIN1 and Wnt-5a-induced phosphorylation of ROR1. We have quantified the molar ratios of DVL1:DVL2:DVL3 in our model to be approximately 4:80:16. Interestingly, DVL-only cells do not compensate for the lack of other paralogs and are still fully functional in all analyzed readouts with the exception of Wnt-3a-induced transcription assessed by TopFlash assay. In this assay, the DVL1-only cell line was the most potent; on the contrary, the DVL3-only cell line exhibited only the negligible capacity to mediate Wnt signals. Using a novel model system - complementation assays in T-REx HEK 293 with amplified Wnt signal response (RNF43/ZNRF3/DVL1/DVL2/DVL3 penta KO cells) we demonstrate that it is not the total amount of DVL but ratio of individual paralogs what decides the signal strength. In sum, this study contributes to our better understanding of the role of individual human DVL paralogs in the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Paclíková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - David Potěšil
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Harnoš
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
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12
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Jurásek M, Kumar J, Paclíková P, Kumari A, Tripsianes K, Bryja V, Vácha R. Phosphorylation-induced changes in the PDZ domain of Dishevelled 3. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1484. [PMID: 33452274 PMCID: PMC7810883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The PDZ domain of Dishevelled 3 protein belongs to a highly abundant protein recognition motif which typically binds short C-terminal peptides. The affinity of the PDZ towards the peptides could be fine-tuned by a variety of post-translation modifications including phosphorylation. However, how phosphorylations affect the PDZ structure and its interactions with ligands remains elusive. Combining molecular dynamics simulations, NMR titration, and biological experiments, we explored the role of previously reported phosphorylation sites and their mimetics in the Dishevelled PDZ domain. Our observations suggest three major roles for phosphorylations: (1) acting as an on/off PDZ binding switch, (2) allosterically affecting the binding groove, and (3) influencing the secondary binding site. Our simulations indicated that mimetics had similar but weaker effects, and the effects of distinct sites were non-additive. This study provides insight into the Dishevelled regulation by PDZ phosphorylation. Furthermore, the observed effects could be used to elucidate the regulation mechanisms in other PDZ domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Jurásek
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitender Kumar
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Paclíková
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500 Czech Republic
| | - Alka Kumari
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500 Czech Republic
| | - Konstantinos Tripsianes
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500 Czech Republic ,grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, 612 65 Czech Republic
| | - Robert Vácha
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Vural A, Lanier SM. Intersection of two key signal integrators in the cell: activator of G-protein signaling 3 and dishevelled-2. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs247908. [PMID: 32737219 PMCID: PMC7490517 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activator of G-protein signaling 3 (AGS3, encoded by GPSM1) was discovered as a one of several receptor-independent activators of G-protein signaling, which are postulated to provide a platform for divergence between canonical and noncanonical G-protein signaling pathways. Similarly, Dishevelled (DVL) proteins serve as a point of divergence for β-catenin-dependent and -independent signaling pathways involving the family of Frizzled (FZD) ligands and cell-surface WNT receptors. We recently discovered the apparent regulated localization of dishevelled-2 (DVL2) and AGS3 to distinct cellular puncta, suggesting that the two proteins interact as part of various cell signaling systems. To address this hypothesis, we asked the following questions: (1) do AGS3 signaling pathways influence the activation of β-catenin (CTNNB1)-regulated transcription through the WNT-Frizzled-Dishevelled axis, and (2) is the AGS3 and DVL2 interaction regulated? The interaction of AGS3 and DVL2 was regulated by protein phosphorylation, subcellular distribution, and a cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptor. These data, and the commonality of functional system impacts observed for AGS3 and DVL2, suggest that the AGS3-DVL2 complex presents an unexpected path for functional integration within the cell.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Vural
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Stephen M Lanier
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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14
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Single-molecule dynamics of Dishevelled at the plasma membrane and Wnt pathway activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16690-16701. [PMID: 32601235 PMCID: PMC7368285 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910547117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling is one of the most important and widely distributed pathways in metazoan development. Dishevelled is thought to serve as an essential bridge between the membrane receptors and downstream signaling components, which has the tendency to aggregate in vitro and to form large aggregates of dubious significance in vivo, when overexpressed. To obtain a molecular understanding of the role of Dvl in Wnt signaling, while circumventing these aggregation problems, we have expressed a fluorescent-tagged Dishevelled in cells at its physiological concentration and quantified the size distribution of Dishevelled before and after Wnt treatment. We found that limited oligomerization in response to the Wnt ligand is very dynamic and provides a key step in signal transduction. Dvl (Dishevelled) is one of several essential nonenzymatic components of the Wnt signaling pathway. In most current models, Dvl forms complexes with Wnt ligand receptors, Fzd and LRP5/6 at the plasma membrane, which then recruits the destruction complex, eventually leading to inactivation of β-catenin degradation. Although this model is widespread, direct evidence for the individual steps is lacking. In this study, we tagged mEGFP to C terminus of dishevelled2 gene using CRISPR/Cas9-induced homologous recombination and observed its dynamics directly at the single-molecule level with total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. We focused on two questions: 1) What is the native size and what are the dynamic features of membrane-bound Dvl complexes during Wnt pathway activation? 2) What controls the behavior of these complexes? We found that membrane-bound Dvl2 is predominantly monomer in the absence of Wnt (observed mean size 1.1). Wnt3a stimulation leads to an increase in the total concentration of membrane-bound Dvl2 from 0.12/μm2 to 0.54/μm2. Wnt3a also leads to increased oligomerization which raises the weighted mean size of Dvl2 complexes to 1.5, with 56.1% of Dvl still as monomers. The driving force for Dvl2 oligomerization is the increased concentration of membrane Dvl2 caused by increased affinity of Dvl2 for Fzd, which is independent of LRP5/6. The oligomerized Dvl2 complexes have increased dwell time, 2 ∼ 3 min, compared to less than 1 s for monomeric Dvl2. These properties make Dvl a unique scaffold, dynamically changing its state of assembly and stability at the membrane in response to Wnt ligands.
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15
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Activity of Smurf2 Ubiquitin Ligase Is Regulated by the Wnt Pathway Protein Dishevelled. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051147. [PMID: 32392721 PMCID: PMC7290506 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt and BMP signaling pathways are two key molecular machineries regulating development and homeostasis. The efficient coordination of Wnt and BMP is essential in many developmental processes such as establishment of antero-posterior and dorso-ventral body axis, regulation of convergent extension, or development of various organ systems. SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor (Smurf) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases are important and evolutionary conserved regulators of TGF-β/BMP signaling pathways. Smurf2 has been previously shown to regulate Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway by ubiquitinating Prickle1, one of the key components of PCP. We explored the role of Smurf2 in Wnt pathways in further detail and identified that Smurf2 is also a ubiquitin ligase of Dishevelled (DVL), the key cytoplasmic signal transducer in the Wnt pathway. Interestingly, the Smurf2 and DVL relationship expands beyond substrate-E3 ligase. We can show that DVL activates Smurf2, which allows Smurf2 to ubiquitinate its substrates from Wnt/PCP (Prickle1) as well as TGF-β/BMP (Smad2) pathways more efficiently. Using SMAD7 as an example of Smurf2 activator we show that DVL and SMAD7 both activates Smurf2 activity. In HEK293 cells the deficiency of DVL phenocopies absence of Smurf2 and leads to the increased phosphorylation of R-Smads. Smurf2-DVL connection provides a novel and intriguing point of crosstalk for Wnt and BMP pathways.
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16
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Bernatik O, Pejskova P, Vyslouzil D, Hanakova K, Zdrahal Z, Cajanek L. Phosphorylation of multiple proteins involved in ciliogenesis by Tau Tubulin kinase 2. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1032-1046. [PMID: 32129703 PMCID: PMC7346730 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-06-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are organelles necessary for proper implementation of developmental and homeostasis processes. To initiate their assembly, coordinated actions of multiple proteins are needed. Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) is a key player in the cilium assembly pathway, controlling the final step of cilia initiation. The function of TTBK2 in ciliogenesis is critically dependent on its kinase activity; however, the precise mechanism of TTBK2 action has so far not been fully understood due to the very limited information about its relevant substrates. In this study, we demonstrate that CEP83, CEP89, CCDC92, Rabin8, and DVL3 are substrates of TTBK2 kinase activity. Further, we characterize a set of phosphosites of those substrates and CEP164 induced by TTBK2 in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, we further show that identified TTBK2 phosphosites and consensus sequence delineated from those are distinct from motifs previously assigned to TTBK2. Finally, we show that TTBK2 is also required for efficient phosphorylation of many S/T sites in CEP164 and provide evidence that TTBK2-induced phosphorylations of CEP164 modulate its function, which in turn seems relevant for the process of cilia formation. In summary, our work provides important insight into the substrates-TTBK2 kinase relationship and suggests that phosphorylation of substrates on multiple sites by TTBK2 is probably involved in the control of ciliogenesis in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Bernatik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Pejskova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Vyslouzil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Hanakova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Zdrahal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Cajanek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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17
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Schaefer KN, Pronobis MI, Williams CE, Zhang S, Bauer L, Goldfarb D, Yan F, Major MB, Peifer M. Wnt regulation: exploring Axin-Disheveled interactions and defining mechanisms by which the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase is recruited to the destruction complex. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:992-1014. [PMID: 32129710 PMCID: PMC7346726 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-11-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays key roles in embryonic development and adult stem cell homeostasis and is altered in human cancer. Signaling is turned on and off by regulating stability of the effector β-catenin (β-cat). The multiprotein destruction complex binds and phosphorylates β-cat and transfers it to the SCF-TrCP E3-ubiquitin ligase for ubiquitination and destruction. Wnt signals act though Dishevelled to turn down the destruction complex, stabilizing β-cat. Recent work clarified underlying mechanisms, but important questions remain. We explore β-cat transfer from the destruction complex to the E3 ligase, and test models suggesting Dishevelled and APC2 compete for association with Axin. We find that Slimb/TrCP is a dynamic component of the destruction complex biomolecular condensate, while other E3 proteins are not. Recruitment requires Axin and not APC, and Axin’s RGS domain plays an important role. We find that elevating Dishevelled levels in Drosophila embryos has paradoxical effects, promoting the ability of limiting levels of Axin to turn off Wnt signaling. When we elevate Dishevelled levels, it forms its own cytoplasmic puncta, but these do not recruit Axin. Superresolution imaging in mammalian cells raises the possibility that this may result by promoting Dishevelled:Dishevelled interactions at the expense of Dishevelled: Axin interactions when Dishevelled levels are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina N Schaefer
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Mira I Pronobis
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Clara E Williams
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Shiping Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Lauren Bauer
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Dennis Goldfarb
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.,Institute for Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Feng Yan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - M Ben Major
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.,Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Mark Peifer
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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18
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Kotrbová A, Ovesná P, Gybel' T, Radaszkiewicz T, Bednaříková M, Hausnerová J, Jandáková E, Minář L, Crha I, Weinberger V, Záveský L, Bryja V, Pospíchalová V. WNT signaling inducing activity in ascites predicts poor outcome in ovarian cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:537-552. [PMID: 31903136 PMCID: PMC6929979 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade serous carcinoma of the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum (HGSC) is the deadliest gynecological disease which results in a five-year survival rate of 30% or less. HGSC is characterized by the early and rapid development of metastases accompanied by a high frequency of ascites i.e. the pathological accumulation of fluid in peritoneum. Ascites constitute a complex tumor microenvironment and contribute to disease progression by largely unknown mechanisms. Methods: Malignant ascites obtained from HGSC patients who had undergone cytoreductive surgery were tested for their ability to induce WNT signaling in the Kuramochi cell line, a novel and clinically relevant in vitro model of HGSC. Next, cancer spheroids (the main form of metastatic cancer cells in ascites) were evaluated with respect to WNT signaling. Kuramochi cells were used to determine the role of individual WNT signaling branches in the adoption of metastatic stem cell-like behavior by HGSC cells. Furthermore, we analyzed genomic and transcriptomic data on WNT/Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) components retrieved from public cancer databases and corroborated with primary patient samples and validated antibodies on the protein level. Results: We have shown that ascites are capable of inducing WNT signaling in primary HGSC cells and HGSC cell line, Kuramochi. Importantly, patients whose ascites cannot activate WNT pathway present with less aggressive disease and a considerably better outcome including overall survival (OS). Functionally, the activation of non-canonical WNT/PCP signaling by WNT5A (and not canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling by WNT3A) promoted the metastatic stem-cell (metSC) like behavior (i.e. self-renewal, migration, and invasion) of HGSC cells. The pharmacological inhibition of casein kinase 1 (CK1) as well as genetic ablation (dishevelled 3 knock out) of the pathway blocked the WNT5A-induced effect. Additionally, WNT/PCP pathway components were differentially expressed between healthy and tumor tissue as well as between the primary tumor and metastases. Additionally, ascites which activated WNT/PCP signaling contained the typical WNT/PCP ligand WNT5A and interestingly, patients with high levels of WNT5A protein in their ascites exhibited poor progression-free survival (PFS) and OS in comparison to patients with low or undetectable ascitic WNT5A. Together, our results suggest the existence of a positive feedback loop between tumor cells producing WNT ligands and ascites that distribute WNT activity to cancer cells in the peritoneum, in order to promote their pro-metastatic features and drive HGSC progression. Conclusions: Our results highlight the role of WNT/PCP signaling in ovarian cancerogenesis, indicate a possible therapeutic potential of CK1 inhibitors for HGSC, and strongly suggest that the detection of WNT pathway inducing activity ascites (or WNT5A levels in ascites as a surrogate marker) could be a novel prognostic tool for HGSC patients.
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19
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Hanáková K, Bernatík O, Kravec M, Micka M, Kumar J, Harnoš J, Ovesná P, Paclíková P, Rádsetoulal M, Potěšil D, Tripsianes K, Čajánek L, Zdráhal Z, Bryja V. Comparative phosphorylation map of Dishevelled 3 links phospho-signatures to biological outputs. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:170. [PMID: 31870452 PMCID: PMC6927192 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dishevelled (DVL) is an essential component of the Wnt signaling cascades. Function of DVL is controlled by phosphorylation but the molecular details are missing. DVL3 contains 131 serines and threonines whose phosphorylation generates complex barcodes underlying diverse DVL3 functions. In order to dissect the role of DVL phosphorylation we analyzed the phosphorylation of human DVL3 induced by previously reported (CK1ε, NEK2, PLK1, CK2α, RIPK4, PKCδ) and newly identified (TTBK2, Aurora A) DVL kinases. Methods Shotgun proteomics including TiO2 enrichment of phosphorylated peptides followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry on immunoprecipitates from HEK293T cells was used to identify and quantify phosphorylation of DVL3 protein induced by 8 kinases. Functional characterization was performed by in-cell analysis of phospho-mimicking/non-phosphorylatable DVL3 mutants and supported by FRET assays and NMR spectroscopy. Results We used quantitative mass spectrometry and calculated site occupancies and quantified phosphorylation of > 80 residues. Functional validation demonstrated the importance of CK1ε-induced phosphorylation of S268 and S311 for Wnt-3a-induced β-catenin activation. S630–643 cluster phosphorylation by CK1, NEK2 or TTBK2 is essential for even subcellular distribution of DVL3 when induced by CK1 and TTBK2 but not by NEK2. Further investigation showed that NEK2 utilizes a different mechanism to promote even localization of DVL3. NEK2 triggered phosphorylation of PDZ domain at S263 and S280 prevents binding of DVL C-terminus to PDZ and promotes an open conformation of DVL3 that is more prone to even subcellular localization. Conclusions We identify unique phosphorylation barcodes associated with DVL function. Our data provide an example of functional synergy between phosphorylation in structured domains and unstructured IDRs that together dictate the biological outcome. Video Abtract.
Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Hanáková
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Bernatík
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kravec
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Micka
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitender Kumar
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Harnoš
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Ovesná
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Paclíková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Rádsetoulal
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Potěšil
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Konstantinos Tripsianes
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Čajánek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic. .,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
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20
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Shi W, Kaneiwa T, Cydzik M, Gariepy J, Filmus J. Glypican-6 stimulates intestinal elongation by simultaneously regulating Hedgehog and non-canonical Wnt signaling. Matrix Biol 2019; 88:19-32. [PMID: 31756413 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report here that Glypican-6 (GPC6)-null mice display at birth small intestines that are 75% shorter than those of normal littermates. Notably, we demonstrate that the role of GPC6 in intestinal elongation is mediated by both Hedgehog (Hh) and non-canonical Wnt signaling. Based on results from in vitro experiments, we had previously proposed that GPC6 stimulates Hh signaling by interacting with Hh and Patched1 (Ptc1), and facilitating/stabilizing their interaction. Here we provide strong support to this hypothesis by showing that GPC6 binds to Ptc1 in the mesenchymal layer of embryonic intestines. This study also provides experimental evidence that strongly suggests that GPC6 inhibits the activity of Wnt5a on the intestinal epithelium by binding to this growth factor, and reducing its release from the surrounding mesenchymal cells. Finally, we show that whereas the mesenchymal layer of GPC6-null intestines displays reduced cell proliferation and a thinner smooth muscle layer, epithelial cell differentiation is not altered in the mutant gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomoyuki Kaneiwa
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marzena Cydzik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Gariepy
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jorge Filmus
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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21
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Harnoš J, Cañizal MCA, Jurásek M, Kumar J, Holler C, Schambony A, Hanáková K, Bernatík O, Zdráhal Z, Gömöryová K, Gybeľ T, Radaszkiewicz TW, Kravec M, Trantírek L, Ryneš J, Dave Z, Fernández-Llamazares AI, Vácha R, Tripsianes K, Hoffmann C, Bryja V. Dishevelled-3 conformation dynamics analyzed by FRET-based biosensors reveals a key role of casein kinase 1. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1804. [PMID: 31000703 PMCID: PMC6472409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dishevelled (DVL) is the key component of the Wnt signaling pathway. Currently, DVL conformational dynamics under native conditions is unknown. To overcome this limitation, we develop the Fluorescein Arsenical Hairpin Binder- (FlAsH-) based FRET in vivo approach to study DVL conformation in living cells. Using this single-cell FRET approach, we demonstrate that (i) Wnt ligands induce open DVL conformation, (ii) DVL variants that are predominantly open, show more even subcellular localization and more efficient membrane recruitment by Frizzled (FZD) and (iii) Casein kinase 1 ɛ (CK1ɛ) has a key regulatory function in DVL conformational dynamics. In silico modeling and in vitro biophysical methods explain how CK1ɛ-specific phosphorylation events control DVL conformations via modulation of the PDZ domain and its interaction with DVL C-terminus. In summary, our study describes an experimental tool for DVL conformational sampling in living cells and elucidates the essential regulatory role of CK1ɛ in DVL conformational dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Harnoš
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.,Department of Cell, Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Maria Consuelo Alonso Cañizal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97078, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97078, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Miroslav Jurásek
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Jitender Kumar
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Cornelia Holler
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, 91058, Germany.,Biology Department, Developmental Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nüremberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schambony
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, 91058, Germany.,Biology Department, Developmental Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nüremberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Kateřina Hanáková
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Bernatík
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Gömöryová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gybeľ
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | | | - Marek Kravec
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Trantírek
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, 612 65, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ryneš
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Zankruti Dave
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | | | - Robert Vácha
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Konstantinos Tripsianes
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97078, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97078, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, 612 65, Czech Republic.
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22
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Wright SC, Kozielewicz P, Kowalski-Jahn M, Petersen J, Bowin CF, Slodkowicz G, Marti-Solano M, Rodríguez D, Hot B, Okashah N, Strakova K, Valnohova J, Babu MM, Lambert NA, Carlsson J, Schulte G. A conserved molecular switch in Class F receptors regulates receptor activation and pathway selection. Nat Commun 2019; 10:667. [PMID: 30737406 PMCID: PMC6368630 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Class F receptors are considered valuable therapeutic targets due to their role in human disease, but structural changes accompanying receptor activation remain unexplored. Employing population and cancer genomics data, structural analyses, molecular dynamics simulations, resonance energy transfer-based approaches and mutagenesis, we identify a conserved basic amino acid in TM6 in Class F receptors that acts as a molecular switch to mediate receptor activation. Across all tested Class F receptors (FZD4,5,6,7, SMO), mutation of the molecular switch confers an increased potency of agonists by stabilizing an active conformation as assessed by engineered mini G proteins as conformational sensors. Disruption of the switch abrogates the functional interaction between FZDs and the phosphoprotein Dishevelled, supporting conformational selection as a prerequisite for functional selectivity. Our studies reveal the molecular basis of a common activation mechanism conserved in all Class F receptors, which facilitates assay development and future discovery of Class F receptor-targeting drugs. Class F receptors are therapeutic targets in human disease and understanding their structural changes during receptor activation may provide important pharmacological insight. Here, the authors combine computational and experimental methods to identify a molecular switch in TM6/7 of Class F receptors that mediates receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane C Wright
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paweł Kozielewicz
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kowalski-Jahn
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian Petersen
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl-Fredrik Bowin
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Greg Slodkowicz
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Marti-Solano
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - David Rodríguez
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 596, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Belma Hot
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Najeah Okashah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, 30912, USA
| | - Katerina Strakova
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jana Valnohova
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Madan Babu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Nevin A Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, 30912, USA
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 596, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Dept. Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S17165, Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Vural A, Fadillioglu E, Kelesoglu F, Ma D, Lanier SM. Role of G-proteins and phosphorylation in the distribution of AGS3 to cell puncta. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.216507. [PMID: 30404823 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activator of G-protein signaling 3 (AGS3, also known as GPSM1) exhibits broad functional diversity and oscillates among different subcellular compartments in a regulated manner. AGS3 consists of a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain and a G-protein regulatory (GPR) domain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that phosphorylation of the AGS3 GPR domain regulates its subcellular distribution and functionality. In contrast to the cortical and/or diffuse non-homogeneous distribution of wild-type (WT) AGS3, an AGS3 construct lacking all 24 potential phosphorylation sites in the GPR domain localized to cytosolic puncta. This change in localization was revealed to be dependent upon phosphorylation of a single threonine amino acid (T602). The punctate distribution of AGS3-T602A was rescued by co-expression of Gαi and Gαo but not Gαs or Gαq Following treatment with alkaline phosphatase, both AGS3-T602A and WT AGS3 exhibited a gel shift in SDS-PAGE as compared to untreated WT AGS3, consistent with a loss of protein phosphorylation. The punctate distribution of AGS3-T602A was lost in an AGS3-A602T conversion mutant, but was still present upon T602 mutation to glutamate or aspartate. These results implicate dynamic phosphorylation as a discrete mechanism to regulate the subcellular distribution of AGS3 and associated functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Vural
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ersin Fadillioglu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Fatih Kelesoglu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Dzwokai Ma
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Stephen M Lanier
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA .,Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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24
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Wright SC, Cañizal MCA, Benkel T, Simon K, Le Gouill C, Matricon P, Namkung Y, Lukasheva V, König GM, Laporte SA, Carlsson J, Kostenis E, Bouvier M, Schulte G, Hoffmann C. FZD 5 is a Gα q-coupled receptor that exhibits the functional hallmarks of prototypical GPCRs. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/559/eaar5536. [PMID: 30514810 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aar5536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Frizzleds (FZDs) are a group of seven transmembrane-spanning (7TM) receptors that belong to class F of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. FZDs bind WNT proteins to stimulate diverse signaling cascades involved in embryonic development, stem cell regulation, and adult tissue homeostasis. Frizzled 5 (FZD5) is one of the most studied class F GPCRs that promote the functional inactivation of the β-catenin destruction complex in response to WNTs. However, whether FZDs function as prototypical GPCRs has been heavily debated and, in particular, FZD5 has not been shown to activate heterotrimeric G proteins. Here, we show that FZD5 exhibited a conformational change after the addition of WNT-5A, which is reminiscent of class A and class B GPCR activation. In addition, we performed several live-cell imaging and spectrometric-based approaches, such as dual-color fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (dcFRAP) and resonance energy transfer (RET)-based assays that demonstrated that FZD5 activated Gαq and its downstream effectors upon stimulation with WNT-5A. Together, these findings suggest that FZD5 is a 7TM receptor with a bona fide GPCR activation profile and suggest novel targets for drug discovery in WNT-FZD signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane C Wright
- Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S17165 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Maria Consuelo Alonso Cañizal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Benkel
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Simon
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Le Gouill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pierre Matricon
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yoon Namkung
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Viktoria Lukasheva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stéphane A Laporte
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
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25
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Mansour TA, Lucot K, Konopelski SE, Dickinson PJ, Sturges BK, Vernau KL, Choi S, Stern JA, Thomasy SM, Döring S, Verstraete FJM, Johnson EG, York D, Rebhun RB, Ho HYH, Brown CT, Bannasch DL. Whole genome variant association across 100 dogs identifies a frame shift mutation in DISHEVELLED 2 which contributes to Robinow-like syndrome in Bulldogs and related screw tail dog breeds. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007850. [PMID: 30521570 PMCID: PMC6303079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic dog breeds exhibit remarkable morphological variations that result from centuries of artificial selection and breeding. Identifying the genetic changes that contribute to these variations could provide critical insights into the molecular basis of tissue and organismal morphogenesis. Bulldogs, French Bulldogs and Boston Terriers share many morphological and disease-predisposition traits, including brachycephalic skull morphology, widely set eyes and short stature. Unlike other brachycephalic dogs, these breeds also exhibit vertebral malformations that result in a truncated, kinked tail (screw tail). Whole genome sequencing of 100 dogs from 21 breeds identified 12.4 million bi-allelic variants that met inclusion criteria. Whole Genome Association of these variants with the breed defining phenotype of screw tail was performed using 10 cases and 84 controls and identified a frameshift mutation in the WNT pathway gene DISHEVELLED 2 (DVL2) (Chr5: 32195043_32195044del, p = 4.37 X 10-37) as the most strongly associated variant in the canine genome. This DVL2 variant was fixed in Bulldogs and French Bulldogs and had a high allele frequency (0.94) in Boston Terriers. The DVL2 variant segregated with thoracic and caudal vertebral column malformations in a recessive manner with incomplete and variable penetrance for thoracic vertebral malformations between different breeds. Importantly, analogous frameshift mutations in the human DVL1 and DVL3 genes cause Robinow syndrome, a congenital disorder characterized by similar craniofacial, limb and vertebral malformations. Analysis of the canine DVL2 variant protein showed that its ability to undergo WNT-induced phosphorylation is reduced, suggesting that altered WNT signaling may contribute to the Robinow-like syndrome in the screwtail breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer A. Mansour
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura Egypt
| | - Katherine Lucot
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Integrative Genetics and Genomics Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Sara E. Konopelski
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Dickinson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Beverly K. Sturges
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Karen L. Vernau
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Shannon Choi
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Joshua A. Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Sophie Döring
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Frank J. M. Verstraete
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Eric G. Johnson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel York
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Hsin-Yi Henry Ho
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - C. Titus Brown
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Danika L. Bannasch
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
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26
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Valnohova J, Kowalski-Jahn M, Sunahara RK, Schulte G. Functional dissection of the N-terminal extracellular domains of Frizzled 6 reveals their roles for receptor localization and Dishevelled recruitment. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17875-17887. [PMID: 30237173 PMCID: PMC6240854 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Frizzled (FZD) proteins belong to class F of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are essential for various pathways involving the secreted lipoglycoproteins of the wingless/int-1 (WNT) family. A WNT-binding cysteine-rich domain (CRD) in FZDs is N-terminally located and connected to the seven transmembrane domain-spanning receptor core by a linker domain that has a variable length in different FZD homologs. However, the function and importance of this linker domain are poorly understood. Here we used systematic mutagenesis of FZD6 to define the minimal N-terminal domain sufficient for receptor surface expression and recruitment of the intracellular scaffold protein Dishevelled (DVL). Further, we identified a triad of evolutionarily conserved cysteines in the FZD linker domain that is crucial for receptor membrane expression and recruitment of DVL. Our results are in agreement with the concept that the conserved cysteines in the linker domain of FZDs assist with the formation of a common secondary structure in this region. We propose that this structure could be involved in agonist binding and receptor activation mechanisms that are similar to the binding and activation mechanisms known for other GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Valnohova
- From the Section for Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kowalski-Jahn
- From the Section for Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger K Sunahara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- From the Section for Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
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27
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Strakova K, Kowalski-Jahn M, Gybel T, Valnohova J, Dhople VM, Harnos J, Bernatik O, Ganji RS, Zdrahal Z, Mulder J, Lindskog C, Bryja V, Schulte G. Dishevelled enables casein kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation of Frizzled 6 required for cell membrane localization. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18477-18493. [PMID: 30309985 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Frizzleds (FZDs) are receptors for secreted lipoglycoproteins of the Wingless/Int-1 (WNT) family, initiating an important signal transduction network in multicellular organisms. FZDs are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are well known to be regulated by phosphorylation, leading to specific downstream signaling or receptor desensitization. The role and underlying mechanisms of FZD phosphorylation remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the phosphorylation of human FZD6 Using MS analysis and a phospho-state- and -site-specific antibody, we found that Ser-648, located in the FZD6 C terminus, is efficiently phosphorylated by casein kinase 1 ϵ (CK1ϵ) and that this phosphorylation requires the scaffolding protein Dishevelled (DVL). In an overexpression system, DVL1, -2, and -3 promoted CK1ϵ-mediated FZD6 phosphorylation on Ser-648. This DVL activity required an intact DEP domain and FZD-mediated recruitment of this domain to the cell membrane. Substitution of the CK1ϵ-targeted phosphomotif reduced FZD6 surface expression, suggesting that Ser-648 phosphorylation controls membrane trafficking of FZD6 Phospho-Ser-648 FZD6 immunoreactivity in human fallopian tube epithelium was predominantly apical, associated with cilia in a subset of epithelial cells, compared with the total FZD6 protein expression, suggesting that FZD6 phosphorylation contributes to asymmetric localization of receptor function within the cell and to epithelial polarity. Given the key role of FZD6 in planar cell polarity, our results raise the possibility that asymmetric phosphorylation of FZD6 rather than asymmetric protein distribution accounts for polarized receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Strakova
- From the Laboratory of WNT Signaling, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.,Section for Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum (6D), Tomtebodavägen 16, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kowalski-Jahn
- Section for Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum (6D), Tomtebodavägen 16, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Gybel
- From the Laboratory of WNT Signaling, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Valnohova
- Section for Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum (6D), Tomtebodavägen 16, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vishnu M Dhople
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jakub Harnos
- From the Laboratory of WNT Signaling, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Bernatik
- From the Laboratory of WNT Signaling, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ranjani Sri Ganji
- From the Laboratory of WNT Signaling, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute for Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Zdrahal
- Central European Institute for Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mulder
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 16 17165 Stockholm, Sweden, and
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- From the Laboratory of WNT Signaling, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic,
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- From the Laboratory of WNT Signaling, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic, .,Section for Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum (6D), Tomtebodavägen 16, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Harnoš J, Ryneš J, Víšková P, Foldynová-Trantírková S, Bajard-Ešner L, Trantírek L, Bryja V. Analysis of binding interfaces of the human scaffold protein AXIN1 by peptide microarrays. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16337-16347. [PMID: 30166345 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are protein regions that lack persistent secondary or tertiary structure under native conditions. IDRs represent >40% of the eukaryotic proteome and play a crucial role in protein-protein interactions. The classical approach for identification of these interaction interfaces is based on mutagenesis combined with biochemical techniques such as coimmunoprecipitation or yeast two-hybrid screening. This approach either provides information of low resolution (large deletions) or very laboriously tries to precisely define the binding epitope via single amino acid substitutions. Here, we report the use of a peptide microarray based on the human scaffold protein AXIN1 for high-throughput and -resolution mapping of binding sites for several AXIN1 interaction partners in vitro For each of the AXIN1-binding partners tested, i.e. casein kinase 1 ϵ (CK1ϵ); c-Myc; peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1); and p53, we found at least three different epitopes, predominantly in the central IDR of AXIN1. We functionally validated the specific AXIN1-CK1ϵ interaction identified here with epitope-mimicking peptides and with AXIN1 variants having deletions of short binding epitopes. On the basis of these results, we propose a model in which AXIN1 competes with dishevelled (DVL) for CK1ϵ and regulates CK1ϵ-induced phosphorylation of DVL and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Harnoš
- From the Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ryneš
- Central European Institute of Technology/Masaryk University (CEITEC/MU), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Víšková
- Central European Institute of Technology/Masaryk University (CEITEC/MU), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Foldynová-Trantírková
- Central European Institute of Technology/Masaryk University (CEITEC/MU), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lola Bajard-Ešner
- Central European Institute of Technology/Masaryk University (CEITEC/MU), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX)-Chemistry Section-Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic, and
| | - Lukáš Trantírek
- Central European Institute of Technology/Masaryk University (CEITEC/MU), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- From the Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic, .,Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
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29
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Sharma M, Castro-Piedras I, Simmons GE, Pruitt K. Dishevelled: A masterful conductor of complex Wnt signals. Cell Signal 2018; 47:52-64. [PMID: 29559363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Dishevelled gene was first identified in Drosophila mutants with disoriented hair and bristle polarity [1-3]. The Dsh gene (Dsh/Dvl, in Drosophila and vertebrates respectively) gained popularity when it was discovered that it plays a key role in segment polarity during early embryonic development in Drosophila [4]. Subsequently, the vertebrate homolog of Dishevelled genes were identified in Xenopus (Xdsh), mice (Dvl1, Dvl2, Dvl3), and in humans (DVL1, DVL2, DVL3) [5-10]. Dishevelled functions as a principal component of Wnt signaling pathway and governs several cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival, migration, differentiation, polarity and stem cell renewal. This review will revisit seminal discoveries and also summarize recent advances in characterizing the role of Dishevelled in both normal and pathophysiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sharma
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Isabel Castro-Piedras
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Glenn E Simmons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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30
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Curto J, Del Valle-Pérez B, Villarroel A, Fuertes G, Vinyoles M, Peña R, García de Herreros A, Duñach M. CK1ε and p120-catenin control Ror2 function in noncanonical Wnt signaling. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:611-629. [PMID: 29465811 PMCID: PMC5928365 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathways share some common elements but differ in the responses they evoke. Similar to Wnt ligands acting through the canonical pathway, Wnts that activate the noncanonical signaling, such as Wnt5a, promote Disheveled (Dvl) phosphorylation and its binding to the Frizzled (Fz) Wnt receptor complex. The protein kinase CK1ε is required for Dvl/Fz association in both canonical and noncanonical signaling. Here we show that differently to its binding to canonical Wnt receptor complex, CK1ε does not require p120‐catenin for the association with the Wnt5a co‐receptor Ror2. Wnt5a promotes the formation of the Ror2–Fz complex and enables the activation of Ror2‐bound CK1ε by Fz‐associated protein phosphatase 2A. Moreover, CK1ε also regulates Ror2 protein levels; CK1ε association stabilizes Ror2, which undergoes lysosomal‐dependent degradation in the absence of this kinase. Although p120‐catenin is not required for CK1ε association with Ror2, it also participates in this signaling pathway as p120‐catenin binds and maintains Ror2 at the plasma membrane; in p120‐depleted cells, Ror2 is rapidly internalized through a clathrin‐dependent mechanism. Accordingly, downregulation of p120‐catenin or CK1ε affects late responses to Wnt5a that are also sensitive to Ror2, such as SIAH2 transcription, cell invasion, or cortical actin polarization. Our results explain how CK1ε is activated by noncanonical Wnt and identify p120‐catenin and CK1ε as two critical factors controlling Ror2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Curto
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Del Valle-Pérez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Aida Villarroel
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Guillem Fuertes
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Meritxell Vinyoles
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Peña
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio García de Herreros
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Ciències, Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Duñach
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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31
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Xie J, Han M, Zhang M, Deng H, Wu W. PP5 (PPP5C) is a phosphatase of Dvl2. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2715. [PMID: 29426949 PMCID: PMC5807433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dishevelled (Dvl) family proteins are key mediators of Wnt signalling and function in both canonical and noncanonical branches. Dvl2, the most studied Dvl protein, is extensively regulated by phosphorylation. Several kinases were found to be critical for Dvl2 localisation, stability control and functional segregation. For example, S143-phosphorylated Dvl2 was detected, together with CK1δ/ε, at the centrosome and basal body of primary cilia and plays pivotal roles during ciliogenesis. However, relatively less is known about Dvl dephosphorylation and the phosphatases involved. Here, we identified PP5 (PPP5C) as a phosphatase of Dvl2. PP5 interacts with and can directly dephosphorylate Dvl2. Knockdown of PP5 caused elevated Dvl2 phosphorylation both at the basal level and upon Wnt stimulation. In the Dvl2 protein, S143, the 10B5 cluster and other sites were dephosphorylated by PP5. Interestingly, comparison of PP5 with PP2A, another known Dvl2 phosphatase, revealed that PP5 and PP2A are not fully redundant in the regulation of Dvl2 phosphorylation status. In hTERT-RPE1 cells, PP5 was found at the basal body of cilia, where S143-phosphorylated Dvl2 also resides. Functional assays revealed modest effects on ciliogenesis after PP5 depletion or over-expression. Taken together, our results provided evidence to suggest PP5 as a new phosphatase for Dvl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Meng Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Miaojun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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32
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White JJ, Mazzeu JF, Coban-Akdemir Z, Bayram Y, Bahrambeigi V, Hoischen A, van Bon BWM, Gezdirici A, Gulec EY, Ramond F, Touraine R, Thevenon J, Shinawi M, Beaver E, Heeley J, Hoover-Fong J, Durmaz CD, Karabulut HG, Marzioglu-Ozdemir E, Cayir A, Duz MB, Seven M, Price S, Ferreira BM, Vianna-Morgante AM, Ellard S, Parrish A, Stals K, Flores-Daboub J, Jhangiani SN, Gibbs RA, Brunner HG, Sutton VR, Lupski JR, Carvalho CMB. WNT Signaling Perturbations Underlie the Genetic Heterogeneity of Robinow Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:27-43. [PMID: 29276006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Locus heterogeneity characterizes a variety of skeletal dysplasias often due to interacting or overlapping signaling pathways. Robinow syndrome is a skeletal disorder historically refractory to molecular diagnosis, potentially stemming from substantial genetic heterogeneity. All current known pathogenic variants reside in genes within the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway including ROR2, WNT5A, and more recently, DVL1 and DVL3. However, ∼70% of autosomal-dominant Robinow syndrome cases remain molecularly unsolved. To investigate this missing heritability, we recruited 21 families with at least one family member clinically diagnosed with Robinow or Robinow-like phenotypes and performed genetic and genomic studies. In total, four families with variants in FZD2 were identified as well as three individuals from two families with biallelic variants in NXN that co-segregate with the phenotype. Importantly, both FZD2 and NXN are relevant protein partners in the WNT5A interactome, supporting their role in skeletal development. In addition to confirming that clustered -1 frameshifting variants in DVL1 and DVL3 are the main contributors to dominant Robinow syndrome, we also found likely pathogenic variants in candidate genes GPC4 and RAC3, both linked to the Wnt signaling pathway. These data support an initial hypothesis that Robinow syndrome results from perturbation of the Wnt/PCP pathway, suggest specific relevant domains of the proteins involved, and reveal key contributors in this signaling cascade during human embryonic development. Contrary to the view that non-allelic genetic heterogeneity hampers gene discovery, this study demonstrates the utility of rare disease genomic studies to parse gene function in human developmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janson J White
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Juliana F Mazzeu
- University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910, Brazil; Robinow Syndrome Foundation, Anoka, MN 55303, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Yavuz Bayram
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Vahid Bahrambeigi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Diagnostic Genetics, School of Health Professions, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bregje W M van Bon
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alper Gezdirici
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34303, Turkey
| | - Elif Yilmaz Gulec
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34303, Turkey
| | - Francis Ramond
- Service de Génétique, CHU-Hôpital Nord, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Renaud Touraine
- Service de Génétique, CHU-Hôpital Nord, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD team, Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 CHU Dijon, France; Centre de génétique, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Erin Beaver
- Mercy Clinic-Kids Genetics, Mercy Children's Hospital St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63141, USA
| | - Jennifer Heeley
- Mercy Clinic-Kids Genetics, Mercy Children's Hospital St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63141, USA
| | - Julie Hoover-Fong
- Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dysplasias, McKusick-Nathans Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ceren D Durmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Gurhan Karabulut
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Marzioglu-Ozdemir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Erzurum Regional and Training Hospital, 25070 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Atilla Cayir
- Erzurum Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, 25070 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet B Duz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, 34452 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Seven
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, 34452 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Susan Price
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | | | - Angela M Vianna-Morgante
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo - SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Sian Ellard
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Andrew Parrish
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Karen Stals
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Josue Flores-Daboub
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA.
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33
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Morgenstern Y, Das Adhikari U, Ayyash M, Elyada E, Tóth B, Moor A, Itzkovitz S, Ben-Neriah Y. Casein kinase 1-epsilon or 1-delta required for Wnt-mediated intestinal stem cell maintenance. EMBO J 2017; 36:3046-3061. [PMID: 28963394 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201696253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium holds an immense regenerative capacity mobilized by intestinal stem cells (ISCs), much of it supported by Wnt pathway activation. Several unique regulatory mechanisms ensuring optimal levels of Wnt signaling have been recognized in ISCs. Here, we identify another Wnt signaling amplifier, CKIε, which is specifically upregulated in ISCs and is essential for ISC maintenance, especially in the absence of its close isoform CKIδ. Co-ablation of CKIδ/ε in the mouse gut epithelium results in rapid ISC elimination, with subsequent growth arrest, crypt-villous shrinking, and rapid mouse death. Unexpectedly, Wnt activation is preserved in all CKIδ/ε-deficient enterocyte populations, with the exception of Lgr5+ ISCs, which exhibit Dvl2-dependent Wnt signaling attenuation. CKIδ/ε-depleted gut organoids cease proliferating and die rapidly, yet survive and resume self-renewal upon reconstitution of Dvl2 expression. Our study underscores a unique regulation mode of the Wnt pathway in ISCs, possibly providing new means of stem cell enrichment for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Morgenstern
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology, Institute of Medical Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Upasana Das Adhikari
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology, Institute of Medical Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muneef Ayyash
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology, Institute of Medical Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ela Elyada
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology, Institute of Medical Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Beáta Tóth
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andreas Moor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yinon Ben-Neriah
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology, Institute of Medical Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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34
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The N-Terminal Part of the Dishevelled DEP Domain Is Required for Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Mammalian Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00145-17. [PMID: 28674183 PMCID: PMC5574038 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00145-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dishevelled (DVL) proteins are key mediators of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. All DVL proteins contain three conserved domains: DIX, PDZ, and DEP. There is a consensus in the field that the DIX domain is critical for Wnt/β-catenin signaling, but contradictory evidence regarding the function of the DEP domain exists. It has been difficult, until recently, to test the importance of the DEP domain rigorously because of the interference with endogenous DVL, expressed in all Wnt-responsive cell lines. In this study, we took advantage of DVL knockout (DVL1/DVL2/DVL3 triple knockout) cells fully deficient in Wnt3a-induced signaling events and performed a series of rescue experiments. Using these complementation assays, we analyzed the role of individual DVL isoforms. Further domain mapping of DVL1 showed that both the DVL1 DEP domain and especially its N-terminal region are required and sufficient for Wnt3a-induced phosphorylation of LRP6 and TopFlash reporter activation. On the contrary, multiple DEP domain mutants deficient in the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway could fully rescue the Wnt3a response. This study provides conclusive evidence that the DVL DEP domain is essential for Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mammalian cells and establishes an experimental system suitable for further functional testing of DVL.
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35
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Bryja V, Červenka I, Čajánek L. The connections of Wnt pathway components with cell cycle and centrosome: side effects or a hidden logic? Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 52:614-637. [PMID: 28741966 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1350135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling cascade has developed together with multicellularity to orchestrate the development and homeostasis of complex structures. Wnt pathway components - such as β-catenin, Dishevelled (DVL), Lrp6, and Axin-- are often dedicated proteins that emerged in evolution together with the Wnt signaling cascade and are believed to function primarily in the Wnt cascade. It is interesting to see that in recent literature many of these proteins are connected with cellular functions that are more ancient and not limited to multicellular organisms - such as cell cycle regulation, centrosome biology, or cell division. In this review, we summarize the recent literature describing this crosstalk. Specifically, we attempt to find the answers to the following questions: Is the response to Wnt ligands regulated by the cell cycle? Is the centrosome and/or cilium required to activate the Wnt pathway? How do Wnt pathway components regulate the centrosomal cycle and cilia formation and function? We critically review the evidence that describes how these connections are regulated and how they help to integrate cell-to-cell communication with the cell and the centrosomal cycle in order to achieve a fine-tuned, physiological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítězslav Bryja
- a Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Igor Červenka
- b Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Lukáš Čajánek
- c Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
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36
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Bernatik O, Radaszkiewicz T, Behal M, Dave Z, Witte F, Mahl A, Cernohorsky NH, Krejci P, Stricker S, Bryja V. A Novel Role for the BMP Antagonist Noggin in Sensitizing Cells to Non-canonical Wnt-5a/Ror2/Disheveled Pathway Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:47. [PMID: 28523267 PMCID: PMC5415574 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian limb development is driven by the integrative input from several signaling pathways; a failure to receive or a misinterpretation of these signals results in skeletal defects. The brachydactylies, a group of overlapping inherited human hand malformation syndromes, are mainly caused by mutations in BMP signaling pathway components. Two closely related forms, Brachydactyly type B2 (BDB2) and BDB1 are caused by mutations in the BMP antagonist Noggin (NOG) and the atypical receptor tyrosine kinase ROR2 that acts as a receptor in the non-canonical Wnt pathway. Genetic analysis of Nog and Ror2 functional interaction via crossing Noggin and Ror2 mutant mice revealed a widening of skeletal elements in compound but not in any of the single mutants, thus indicating genetic interaction. Since ROR2 is a non-canonical Wnt co-receptor specific for Wnt-5a we speculated that this phenotype might be a result of deregulated Wnt-5a signaling activation, which is known to be essential for limb skeletal elements growth and patterning. We show that Noggin potentiates activation of the Wnt-5a-Ror2-Disheveled (Dvl) pathway in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells in a Ror2-dependent fashion. Rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes (RCS), however, are not able to respond to Noggin in this fashion unless growth arrest is induced by FGF2. In summary, our data demonstrate genetic interaction between Noggin and Ror2 and show that Noggin can sensitize cells to Wnt-5a/Ror2-mediated non-canonical Wnt signaling, a feature that in cartilage may depend on the presence of active FGF signaling. These findings indicate an unappreciated function of Noggin that will help to understand BMP and Wnt/PCP signaling pathway interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Bernatik
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk UniversityBrno, Czechia
| | - Tomasz Radaszkiewicz
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk UniversityBrno, Czechia
| | - Martin Behal
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk UniversityBrno, Czechia
| | - Zankruti Dave
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk UniversityBrno, Czechia
| | - Florian Witte
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Annika Mahl
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | | | - Pavel Krejci
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk UniversityBrno, Czechia.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrno, Czechia
| | - Sigmar Stricker
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk UniversityBrno, Czechia.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i.Brno, Czechia
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37
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Velázquez DM, Castañeda-Patlán MC, Robles-Flores M. Dishevelled stability is positively regulated by PKCζ-mediated phosphorylation induced by Wnt agonists. Cell Signal 2017; 35:107-117. [PMID: 28366812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dishevelled (Dvl) proteins are central mediators of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling. It is well known that, upon Wnt stimulation, Dvl becomes phosphorylated. However, how Wnt-induced phosphorylation of Dvl is regulated and its consequences are poorly understood. Here we found that Dvl proteins are overexpressed in colon cancer cells. In addition, we found that Wnt3a treatment rapidly induces hyperphosphorylation and stabilization of Dvl2 and Dvl3. The latter can be blocked by inhibition of Protein Kinase C (PKC)α, PKCδ, and PKCζ isoforms. We also found that Wnt3a-induced phosphorylation of Dvl3 by PKCζ is required to avoid Dvl3 degradation via proteasome. This demonstrated, to our knowledge for the first time, that hyperphosphorylation of Dvl by PKCζ results in Dvl stabilization. This is clear contrast with the consequences reported to date of CK1δ/ε-mediated Dvl phosphorylation upon Wnt treatment. Mapping the interaction domain between PKCζ and Dvl3 indicated that, although the Dvl-DIX domain is required to stabilize PKCζ-phosphorylated Dvl, it is not the region phosphorylated by this kinase. Our data show that the Dvl-DEP domain, required for specific interaction with PKCζ, is the site phosphorylated by this kinase, and also probably the Dvl-C terminus. Our findings suggest a model of positive regulation of PKCζ-mediated Dvl signaling activity, to produce a strong and sustained response to Wnt3a treatment by stabilizing Dvl protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora M Velázquez
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Cristina Castañeda-Patlán
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Robles-Flores
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
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38
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Abstract
ROR-family receptor tyrosine kinases form a small subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), characterized by a conserved, unique domain architecture. ROR RTKs are evolutionary conserved throughout the animal kingdom and act as alternative receptors and coreceptors of WNT ligands. The intracellular signaling cascades activated downstream of ROR receptors are diverse, including but not limited to ROR-Frizzled-mediated activation of planar cell polarity signaling, RTK-like signaling, and antagonistic regulation of WNT/β-Catenin signaling. In line with their diverse repertoire of signaling functions, ROR receptors are involved in the regulation of multiple processes in embryonic development such as development of the axial and paraxial mesoderm, the nervous system and the neural crest, the axial and appendicular skeleton, and the kidney. In humans, mutations in the ROR2 gene cause two distinct developmental syndromes, recessive Robinow syndrome (RRS; MIM 268310) and dominant brachydactyly type B1 (BDB1; MIM 113000). In Robinow syndrome patients and animal models, the development of multiple organs is affected, whereas BDB1 results only in shortening of the distal phalanges of fingers and toes, reflecting the diversity of functions and signaling activities of ROR-family RTKs. In this chapter, we give an overview on ROR receptor structure and function. We discuss their signaling functions and role in vertebrate embryonic development with a focus on those developmental processes that are affected by mutations in the ROR2 gene in human patients.
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Gammons MV, Renko M, Johnson CM, Rutherford TJ, Bienz M. Wnt Signalosome Assembly by DEP Domain Swapping of Dishevelled. Mol Cell 2016; 64:92-104. [PMID: 27692984 PMCID: PMC5065529 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signals are often transduced by dynamic signaling complexes ("signalosomes") assembled by oligomerizing hub proteins following their recruitment to signal-activated transmembrane receptors. A paradigm is the Wnt signalosome, which is assembled by Dishevelled via reversible head-to-tail polymerization by its DIX domain. Its activity causes stabilization of β-catenin, a Wnt effector with pivotal roles in animal development and cancer. How Wnt triggers signalosome assembly is unknown. Here, we use structural analysis, as well as biophysical and cell-based assays, to show that the DEP domain of Dishevelled undergoes a conformational switch, from monomeric to swapped dimer, to trigger DIX-dependent polymerization and signaling to β-catenin. This occurs in two steps: binding of monomeric DEP to Frizzled followed by DEP domain swapping triggered by its high local concentration upon Wnt-induced recruitment into clathrin-coated pits. DEP domain swapping confers directional bias on signaling, and the dimerization provides cross-linking between Dishevelled polymers, illustrating a key principle underlying signalosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa V Gammons
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Miha Renko
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Christopher M Johnson
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Trevor J Rutherford
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Mariann Bienz
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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40
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Cervenka I, Valnohova J, Bernatik O, Harnos J, Radsetoulal M, Sedova K, Hanakova K, Potesil D, Sedlackova M, Salasova A, Steinhart Z, Angers S, Schulte G, Hampl A, Zdrahal Z, Bryja V. Dishevelled is a NEK2 kinase substrate controlling dynamics of centrosomal linker proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:9304-9. [PMID: 27486244 PMCID: PMC4995965 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608783113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dishevelled (DVL) is a key scaffolding protein and a branching point in Wnt signaling pathways. Here, we present conclusive evidence that DVL regulates the centrosomal cycle. We demonstrate that DVL dishevelled and axin (DIX) domain, but not DIX domain-mediated multimerization, is essential for DVL's centrosomal localization. DVL accumulates during the cell cycle and associates with NIMA-related kinase 2 (NEK2), which is able to phosphorylate DVL at a multitude of residues, as detected by a set of novel phospho-specific antibodies. This creates interfaces for efficient binding to CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 (CDK5RAP2) and centrosomal Nek2-associated protein 1 (C-NAP1), two proteins of the centrosomal linker. Displacement of DVL from the centrosome and its release into the cytoplasm on NEK2 phosphorylation is coupled to the removal of linker proteins, an event necessary for centrosomal separation and proper formation of the mitotic spindle. Lack of DVL prevents NEK2-controlled dissolution of loose centrosomal linker and subsequent centrosomal separation. Increased DVL levels, in contrast, sequester centrosomal NEK2 and mimic monopolar spindle defects induced by a dominant negative version of this kinase. Our study thus uncovers molecular crosstalk between centrosome and Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Cervenka
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61 137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Valnohova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61 137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Bernatik
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61 137 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, 61 200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Harnos
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61 137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Radsetoulal
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61 137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Sedova
- Research Group Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, 62 500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Hanakova
- Research Group Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, 62 500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Potesil
- Research Group Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, 62 500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Sedlackova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62 500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Salasova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61 137 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Zachary Steinhart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61 137 Brno, Czech Republic; Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17 177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ales Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62 500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Zdrahal
- Research Group Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, 62 500 Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61 137 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, 61 200 Brno, Czech Republic;
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41
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Linke F, Zaunig S, Nietert MM, von Bonin F, Lutz S, Dullin C, Janovská P, Beissbarth T, Alves F, Klapper W, Bryja V, Pukrop T, Trümper L, Wilting J, Kube D. WNT5A: a motility-promoting factor in Hodgkin lymphoma. Oncogene 2016; 36:13-23. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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42
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White J, Mazzeu J, Hoischen A, Bayram Y, Withers M, Gezdirici A, Kimonis V, Steehouwer M, Jhangiani S, Muzny D, Gibbs R, van Bon B, Sutton V, Lupski J, Brunner H, Carvalho C, Carvalho CMB. DVL3 Alleles Resulting in a -1 Frameshift of the Last Exon Mediate Autosomal-Dominant Robinow Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:553-561. [PMID: 26924530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Robinow syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by mesomelic limb shortening, genital hypoplasia, and distinctive facial features. Recent reports have identified, in individuals with dominant Robinow syndrome, a specific type of variant characterized by being uniformly located in the penultimate exon of DVL1 and resulting in a -1 frameshift allele with a premature termination codon that escapes nonsense-mediated decay. Here, we studied a cohort of individuals who had been clinically diagnosed with Robinow syndrome but who had not received a molecular diagnosis from variant studies of DVL1, WNT5A, and ROR2. Because of the uniform location of frameshift variants in DVL1-mediated Robinow syndrome and the functional redundancy of DVL1, DVL2, and DVL3, we elected to pursue direct Sanger sequencing of the penultimate exon of DVL1 and its paralogs DVL2 and DVL3 to search for potential disease-associated variants. Remarkably, targeted sequencing identified five unrelated individuals harboring heterozygous, de novo frameshift variants in DVL3, including two splice acceptor mutations and three 1 bp deletions. Similar to the variants observed in DVL1-mediated Robinow syndrome, all variants in DVL3 result in a -1 frameshift, indicating that these highly specific alterations might be a common cause of dominant Robinow syndrome. Here, we review the current knowledge of these peculiar variant alleles in DVL1- and DVL3-mediated Robinow syndrome and further elucidate the phenotypic features present in subjects with DVL1 and DVL3 frameshift mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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43
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Mund T, Graeb M, Mieszczanek J, Gammons M, Pelham HRB, Bienz M. Disinhibition of the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 by polymerized Dishevelled. Open Biol 2015; 5:150185. [PMID: 26701932 PMCID: PMC4703060 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dishevelled is a pivot in Wnt signal transduction, controlling both β-catenin-dependent transcription to specify proliferative cell fates, and cell polarity and other non-nuclear events in post-mitotic cells. In response to Wnt signals, or when present at high levels, Dishevelled forms signalosomes by dynamic polymerization. Its levels are controlled by ubiquitylation, mediated by various ubiquitin ligases, including NEDD4 family members that bind to a conserved PPxY motif in Dishevelled (mammalian Dvl1-3). Here, we show that Dvl2 binds to the ubiquitin ligase WWP2 and unlocks its ligase activity from autoinhibition. This disinhibition of WWP2 depends on several features of Dvl2 including its PPxY motif and to a lesser extent its DEP domain, but crucially on the ability of Dvl2 to polymerize, indicating that WWP2 is activated in Wnt signalosomes. We show that Notch intracellular domains are substrates for Dvl-activated WWP2 and their transcriptional activity is consequently reduced, providing a molecular mechanism for cross-talk between Wnt and Notch signalling. These regulatory interactions are conserved in Drosophila whose WWP2 orthologue, Suppressor-of-deltex, downregulates Notch signalling upon activation by Dishevelled in developing wing tissue. Attentuation of Notch signalling by Dishevelled signalosomes could be important during the transition of cells from the proliferative to the post-mitotic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mund
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Michael Graeb
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Juliusz Mieszczanek
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Melissa Gammons
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Hugh R B Pelham
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Mariann Bienz
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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44
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Undi RB, Gutti U, Sahu I, Sarvothaman S, Pasupuleti SR, Kandi R, Gutti RK. Wnt Signaling: Role in Regulation of Haematopoiesis. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2015; 32:123-34. [PMID: 27065573 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-015-0585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a unique population of bone marrow cells which are responsible for the generation of various blood cell lineages. One of the significant characteristics of these HSCs is to self-renew, while producing differentiating cells for normal hematopoiesis. Deregulation of self-renewal and differentiation leads to the hematological malignancies. Several pathways are known to be involved in the maintenance of HSC fate among which Wnt signaling is a crucial pathway which controls development and cell fate determination. Wnt signaling also plays a major role in differentiation, self-renewal and maintenance of HSCs. Wnt ligands activate three major pathways including planar cell polarity, Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/Ca(2+). It has been shown that Wnt/β-catenin or canonical pathway regulates cell proliferation, survival and differentiation in HSCs, deregulation of this pathway leads to hematological malignancies. Wnt non-canonical pathway regulates calcium signaling and planar cell polarity. In this review, we discuss various signaling pathways induced by Wnt ligands and their potential role in hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Babu Undi
- Stem Cells and Haematological Disorders Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, (PO) Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046 India
| | - Usha Gutti
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530 045 India
| | - Itishri Sahu
- Stem Cells and Haematological Disorders Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, (PO) Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046 India
| | - Shilpa Sarvothaman
- Stem Cells and Haematological Disorders Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, (PO) Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046 India
| | - Satya Ratan Pasupuleti
- Stem Cells and Haematological Disorders Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, (PO) Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046 India
| | - Ravinder Kandi
- Stem Cells and Haematological Disorders Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, (PO) Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046 India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gutti
- Stem Cells and Haematological Disorders Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, (PO) Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046 India
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45
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Abstract
Dishevelled (DVL) proteins, three of which have been identified in humans, are highly conserved components of canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways. These multifunctional proteins, originally discovered in the fruit fly, through their different domains mediate complex signal transduction: DIX (dishevelled, axin) and PDZ (postsynaptic density 95, discs large, zonula occludens-1) domains serve for canonical beta-catenin signaling, while PDZ and DEP (dishevelled, Egl-10, pleckstrin) domains serve for non-canonical signaling. In canonical or beta-catenin signaling, DVL forms large molecular supercomplexes at the plasma membrane consisting of Wnt-Fz-LRP5/6-DVL-AXIN. This promotes the disassembly of the beta-catenin destruction machinery, beta-catenin accumulation, and consequent activation of Wnt signaling. Therefore, DVLs are considered to be key regulators that rescue cytoplasmic beta-catenin from degradation. The potential medical importance of DVLs is in both human degenerative disease and cancer. The overexpression of DVL has been shown to potentiate the activation of Wnt signaling and it is now apparent that up-regulation of DVLs is involved in several types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Nives Pećina-Šlaus, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia,
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46
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Dijksterhuis JP, Baljinnyam B, Stanger K, Sercan HO, Ji Y, Andres O, Rubin JS, Hannoush RN, Schulte G. Systematic mapping of WNT-FZD protein interactions reveals functional selectivity by distinct WNT-FZD pairs. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6789-98. [PMID: 25605717 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The seven-transmembrane-spanning receptors of the FZD1-10 class are bound and activated by the WNT family of lipoglycoproteins, thereby inducing a complex network of signaling pathways. However, the specificity of the interaction between mammalian WNT and FZD proteins and the subsequent signaling cascade downstream of the different WNT-FZD pairs have not been systematically addressed to date. In this study, we determined the binding affinities of various WNTs for different members of the FZD family by using bio-layer interferometry and characterized their functional selectivity in a cell system. Using purified WNTs, we show that different FZD cysteine-rich domains prefer to bind to distinct WNTs with fast on-rates and slow off-rates. In a 32D cell-based system engineered to overexpress FZD2, FZD4, or FZD5, we found that WNT-3A (but not WNT-4, -5A, or -9B) activated the WNT-β-catenin pathway through FZD2/4/5 as measured by phosphorylation of LRP6 and β-catenin stabilization. Surprisingly, different WNT-FZD pairs showed differential effects on phosphorylation of DVL2 and DVL3, revealing a previously unappreciated DVL isoform selectivity by different WNT-FZD pairs in 32D cells. In summary, we present extensive mapping of WNT-FZD cysteine-rich domain interactions complemented by analysis of WNT-FZD pair functionality in a unique cell system expressing individual FZD isoforms. Differential WNT-FZD binding and selective functional readouts suggest that endogenous WNT ligands evolved with an intrinsic natural bias toward different downstream signaling pathways, a phenomenon that could be of great importance in the design of FZD-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacomijn P Dijksterhuis
- From the Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden, the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Bolormaa Baljinnyam
- the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Karen Stanger
- the Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, and
| | - Hakki O Sercan
- the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Yun Ji
- the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Osler Andres
- the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jeffrey S Rubin
- the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Rami N Hannoush
- the Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, and
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- From the Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden, the Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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