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Lin J, Hou L, Zhao X, Zhong J, Lv Y, Jiang X, Ye B, Qiao Y. Switch of ELF3 and ATF4 transcriptional axis programs the amino acid insufficiency-linked epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1956-1969. [PMID: 38627967 PMCID: PMC11184330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that endows cancer cells with increased invasive and migratory capacity enables cancer dissemination and metastasis. This process is tightly associated with metabolic reprogramming acquired for rewiring cell status and signaling pathways for survival in dietary insufficiency conditions. However, it remains largely unclear how transcription factor (TF)-mediated transcriptional programs are modulated during the EMT process. Here, we reveal that depletion of a key epithelial TF, ELF3 (E74-like factor-3), triggers a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling activation-like mesenchymal transcriptomic profile and metastatic features linked to the aminoacyl-tRNA biogenesis pathway. Moreover, the transcriptome alterations elicited by ELF3 depletion perfectly resemble an ATF4-dependent weak response to amino acid starvation. Intriguingly, we observe an exclusive enrichment of ELF3 and ATF4 in epithelial and TGF-β-induced or ELF3-depletion-elicited mesenchymal enhancers, respectively, with rare co-binding on altered enhancers. We also find that the upregulation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and some mesenchymal genes upon amino acid deprivation is diminished in ATF4-depleted cells. In sum, the loss of ELF3 binding on epithelial enhancers and the gain of ATF4 binding on the enhancers of mesenchymal factors and amino acid deprivation responsive genes facilitate the loss of epithelial cell features and the gain of TGF-β-signaling-associated mesenchymal signatures, which further promote lung cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Lin
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Linjun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jingli Zhong
- College of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yilv Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Bo Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Yunbo Qiao
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China.
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2
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Zarate-Lopez D, Torres-Chávez AL, Gálvez-Contreras AY, Gonzalez-Perez O. Three Decades of Valproate: A Current Model for Studying Autism Spectrum Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:260-289. [PMID: 37873949 PMCID: PMC10788883 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666231003121513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with increased prevalence and incidence in recent decades. Its etiology remains largely unclear, but it seems to involve a strong genetic component and environmental factors that, in turn, induce epigenetic changes during embryonic and postnatal brain development. In recent decades, clinical studies have shown that inutero exposure to valproic acid (VPA), a commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug, is an environmental factor associated with an increased risk of ASD. Subsequently, prenatal VPA exposure in rodents has been established as a reliable translational model to study the pathophysiology of ASD, which has helped demonstrate neurobiological changes in rodents, non-human primates, and brain organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. This evidence supports the notion that prenatal VPA exposure is a valid and current model to replicate an idiopathic ASD-like disorder in experimental animals. This review summarizes and describes the current features reported with this animal model of autism and the main neurobiological findings and correlates that help elucidate the pathophysiology of ASD. Finally, we discuss the general framework of the VPA model in comparison to other environmental and genetic ASD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zarate-Lopez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
- Physiological Science Ph.D. Program, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Torres-Chávez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
- Physiological Science Ph.D. Program, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - Alma Yadira Gálvez-Contreras
- Department of Neuroscience, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, México
| | - Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
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3
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Mu Q, Hou X, Yu W, Guo J. Histone H3 Acetylation Is Involved in Retinoid Acid-Induced Neural Differentiation through Increasing Mitochondrial Function. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3251. [PMID: 38137472 PMCID: PMC10741432 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation and mitochondrial function contribute importantly to neural differentiation, which is critically associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as Down Syndrome (DS). However, whether and how histone acetylation regulates mitochondrial function and further affects neural differentiation has not been well described. In this study, when treated with retinoid acid (RA), the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line was used as a neural differentiation model. We found that the acetylation of histone H3, especially H3 lysine 14 acetylation (H3K14ac), and mitochondrial function, including biogenesis and electron transport chain, were enhanced during neural differentiation. Specific inhibition of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) induced neural differentiation deficits, accompanied by downregulation of mitochondrial function. Furthermore, RA receptors (RARs) interacting with HATs were involved in the increased H3K14ac and the enhanced mitochondrial function during the neural differentiation process. Finally, receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140), a co-repressor of RARs, was also involved in regulating histone acetylation. RIP140 overexpression inhibited histone acetylation and mediated negative feedback on target genes which are involved in RA signaling. These findings evidenced that when interacting with RARs which had been negatively regulated by RIP140, RA promoted neural differentiation by promoting H3K14ac and enhanced mitochondrial function. This provides a molecular foundation for further investigations into abnormal neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Pediatric, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xinjuan Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qing Mu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xueyu Hou
- Department of Pediatric, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Weidong Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jingzhu Guo
- Department of Pediatric, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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4
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Kim H, Lee YJ, Kwon Y, Kim J. Efficient generation of brain organoids using magnetized gold nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21240. [PMID: 38040919 PMCID: PMC10692130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain organoids, which are three-dimensional cell culture models, have the ability to mimic certain structural and functional aspects of the human brain. However, creating these organoids can be a complicated and difficult process due to various technological hurdles. This study presents a method for effectively generating cerebral organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using electromagnetic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). By exposing mature cerebral organoids to magnetized AuNPs, we were able to cultivate them in less than 3 weeks. The initial differentiation and neural induction of the neurosphere occurred within the first week, followed by maturation, including regional patterning and the formation of complex networks, during the subsequent 2 weeks under the influence of magnetized AuNPs. Furthermore, we observed a significant enhancement in neurogenic maturation in the brain organoids, as evidenced by increased histone acetylation in the presence of electromagnetic AuNPs. Consequently, electromagnetic AuNPs offer a promising in vitro system for efficiently generating more advanced human brain organoids that closely resemble the complexity of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwon Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells & Gene Editing, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Pildong-Ro 1-Gil 30, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Yoo-Jung Lee
- Laboratory of Stem Cells & Gene Editing, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Pildong-Ro 1-Gil 30, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngeun Kwon
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongpil Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells & Gene Editing, Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Pildong-Ro 1-Gil 30, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Ng R, Kalinousky A, Harris J. Epigenetics of cognition and behavior: insights from Mendelian disorders of epigenetic machinery. J Neurodev Disord 2023; 15:16. [PMID: 37245029 PMCID: PMC10224589 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics, one mechanism by which gene expression can change without any changes to the DNA sequence, was described nearly a century ago. However, the importance of epigenetic processes to neurodevelopment and higher order neurological functions like cognition and behavior is only now being realized. A group of disorders known as the Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery are caused by the altered function of epigenetic machinery proteins, which consequently affects downstream expression of many genes. These disorders almost universally have cognitive dysfunction and behavioral issues as core features. Here, we review what is known about the neurodevelopmental phenotypes of some key examples of these disorders divided into categories based on the underlying function of the affected protein. Understanding these Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery can illuminate the role of epigenetic regulation in typical brain function and can lead to future therapies and better management for a host of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Ng
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allison Kalinousky
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline Harris
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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6
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Felipe Souza E Silva L, Siena Dos Santos A, Mayumi Yuzawa J, Luiz de Barros Torresi J, Ziroldo A, Rosado Rosenstock T. SIRTUINS MODULATORS COUNTERACT MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION IN CELLULAR MODELS OF HYPOXIA: RELEVANCE TO SCHIZOPHRENIA. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00200-2. [PMID: 37169164 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a neurodevelopmental-associated disorder strongly related to environmental factors, such as hypoxia. Because there is no cure for SZ or any pharmacological approach that could revert hypoxia-induced cellular damages, we evaluated whether modulators of sirtuins could abrogate hypoxia-induced mitochondrial deregulation as a neuroprotective strategy. Firstly, astrocytes from control (Wistar) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR), a model of both SZ and neonatal hypoxia, were submitted to chemical hypoxia. Then, cells were exposed to different concentrations of Nicotinamide (NAM), Resveratrol (Resv), and Sirtinol (Sir) for 48hrs. Our data indicate that sirtuins modulation reduces cell death increasing the acetylation of histone 3. This outcome is related to the rescue of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, changes in mitochondrial calcium buffering capacity, decreased O2-• levels and increased expression of metabolic regulators (Nrf-1 and Nfe2l2) and mitochondrial content. Such findings are relevant not only for hypoxia-associated conditions, named pre-eclampsia but also for SZ since prenatal hypoxia is a relevant environmental factor related to this burdensome neuropsychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe Souza E Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Siena Dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Mayumi Yuzawa
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alan Ziroldo
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rosado Rosenstock
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Dept. of Bioscience, In-vitro Neuroscience, Sygnature Discovery, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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7
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Liu X, Guo C, Leng T, Fan Z, Mai J, Chen J, Xu J, Li Q, Jiang B, Sai K, Yang W, Gu J, Wang J, Sun S, Chen Z, Zhong Y, Liang X, Chen C, Cai J, Lin Y, Liang J, Hu J, Yan G, Zhu W, Yin W. Differential regulation of H3K9/H3K14 acetylation by small molecules drives neuron-fate-induction of glioma cell. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:142. [PMID: 36805688 PMCID: PMC9941105 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation therapy using small molecules is a promising strategy for improving the prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM). Histone acetylation plays an important role in cell fate determination. Nevertheless, whether histone acetylation in specific sites determines GBM cells fate remains to be explored. Through screening from a 349 small molecule-library, we identified that histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) MS-275 synergized with 8-CPT-cAMP was able to transdifferentiate U87MG GBM cells into neuron-like cells, which were characterized by cell cycle arrest, rich neuron biomarkers, and typical neuron electrophysiology. Intriguingly, acetylation tags of histone 3 at lysine 9 (H3K9ac) were decreased in the promoter of multiple oncogenes and cell cycle genes, while ones of H3K9ac and histone 3 at lysine 14 (H3K14ac) were increased in the promoter of neuron-specific genes. We then compiled a list of genes controlled by H3K9ac and H3K14ac, and proved that it is a good predictive power for pathologic grading and survival prediction. Moreover, cAMP agonist combined with HDACi also induced glioma stem cells (GSCs) to differentiate into neuron-like cells through the regulation of H3K9ac/K14ac, indicating that combined induction has the potential for recurrence-preventive application. Furthermore, the combination of cAMP activator plus HDACi significantly repressed the tumor growth in a subcutaneous GSC-derived tumor model, and temozolomide cooperated with the differentiation-inducing combination to prolong the survival in an orthotopic GSC-derived tumor model. These findings highlight epigenetic reprogramming through H3K9ac and H3K14ac as a novel approach for driving neuron-fate-induction of GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Liu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Cui Guo
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Tiandong Leng
- grid.9001.80000 0001 2228 775XDepartment of Neuroscience, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA
| | - Zhen Fan
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Jialuo Mai
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Jiehong Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Jinhai Xu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Qianyi Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Bin Jiang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Ke Sai
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China
| | - Wenzhuo Yang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Sun
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Chen
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 P. R. China
| | - Yingqian Zhong
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Xuanming Liang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Chaoxin Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Jing Cai
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Jiankai Liang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Guangmei Yan
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China.
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8
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Cimmino C, Netti PA, Ventre M. A switchable light-responsive azopolymer conjugating protein micropatterns with topography for mechanobiological studies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:933410. [PMID: 35935479 PMCID: PMC9355574 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.933410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell shape and mechanical properties in vitro can be directed by geometrically defined micropatterned adhesion substrates. However, conventional methods are limited by the fixed micropattern design, which cannot recapitulate the dynamic changes of the natural cell microenvironment. Current methods to fabricate dynamic platforms usually rely on complex chemical strategies or require specialized apparatuses. Also, with these methods, the integration of dynamic signals acting on different length scales is not straightforward, whereas, in some applications, it might be beneficial to act on both a microscale level, that is, cell shape, and a nanoscale level, that is, cell adhesions. Here, we exploited a confocal laser-based technique on a light-responsive azopolymer displaying micropatterns of adhesive islands. The laser light promotes a directed mass migration and the formation of submicrometric topographic relieves. Also, by changing the surface chemistry, the surfacing topography affects cell spreading and shape. This method enabled us to monitor in a non-invasive manner the dynamic changes in focal adhesions, cytoskeleton structures, and nucleus conformation that followed the changes in the adhesive characteristic of the substrate. Focal adhesions reconfigured after the surfacing of the topography, and the actin filaments reoriented to coalign with the newly formed adhesive island. Changes in cell morphology also affected nucleus shape, chromatin conformation, and cell mechanics with different timescales. The reported strategy can be used to investigate mechanotransduction-related events dynamically by controlling cell adhesion at cell shape and focal adhesion levels. The integrated technique enables achieving a submicrometric resolution in a facile and cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cimmino
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ventre
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maurizio Ventre,
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9
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Li T, Wu H, Wang P, Kim AM, Jia J, Nolta JA, Zhou P. HDACs regulate the differentiation of endothelial cells from human iPSCs. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:589-599. [PMID: 35789099 PMCID: PMC9391285 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) possess the potential to differentiate toward vascular cells including endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, and smooth muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone modification play a crucial role in regulating lineage differentiation and specification. Herein, we utilized a three-stage protocol to induce differentiation of mesoderm, vascular progenitors, and ECs from hiPSCs and investigated the regulatory effects of histone acetylation on the differentiation processes. We found that the expression of several histone deacetylases (HDACs), including HDAC1, HDAC5, and HDAC7, were greatly upregulated at the second stage and downregulated at the third stage. Interestingly, although HDAC1 remained in the nucleus during the EC differentiation, HDAC5 and HDAC7 displayed cytosol/nuclear translocation during the differentiation process. Inhibition of HDACs with sodium butyrate (NaBt) or BML210 could hinder the differentiation of vascular progenitors at the second stage and facilitate EC induction at the third stage. Further investigation revealed that HDAC may modulate the stepwise EC differentiation via regulating the expression of endothelial transcription factors ERG, ETS1, and MEF2C. Opposite to the expression of EC markers, the smooth muscle/pericyte marker ACTA2 was upregulated at the second stage and downregulated at the third stage by NaBt. The stage-specific regulation of ACTA2 by HDAC inhibition was likely through regulating the expression of TGFβ2 and PDGFB. This study suggests that HDACs play different roles at different stages of EC induction by promoting the commitment of vascular progenitors and impeding the later stage differentiation of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Stem Cell Program, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Haopeng Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Amy M Kim
- Stem Cell Program, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Junjing Jia
- Stem Cell Program, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Unversity of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.,University of California Davis Gene Therapy Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ping Zhou
- Stem Cell Program, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Unversity of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.,University of California Davis Gene Therapy Center, Sacramento, California, USA
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10
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Decoding the dynamic H3K9cr landscapes during neural commitment of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 613:187-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Nothof SA, Magdinier F, Van-Gils J. Chromatin Structure and Dynamics: Focus on Neuronal Differentiation and Pathological Implication. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040639. [PMID: 35456445 PMCID: PMC9029427 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin structure is an essential regulator of gene expression. Its state of compaction contributes to the regulation of genetic programs, in particular during differentiation. Epigenetic processes, which include post-translational modifications of histones, DNA methylation and implication of non-coding RNA, are powerful regulators of gene expression. Neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation are spatio-temporally regulated events that allow the formation of the central nervous system components. Here, we review the chromatin structure and post-translational histone modifications associated with neuronal differentiation. Studying the impact of histone modifications on neuronal differentiation improves our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of chromatinopathies and opens up new therapeutic avenues. In addition, we will discuss techniques for the analysis of histone modifications on a genome-wide scale and the pathologies associated with the dysregulation of the epigenetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A. Nothof
- Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.A.N.); (F.M.)
| | - Frédérique Magdinier
- Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.A.N.); (F.M.)
| | - Julien Van-Gils
- Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille University, Inserm, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.A.N.); (F.M.)
- Reference Center AD SOOR, AnDDI-RARE, Inserm U 1211, Medical Genetics Department, Bordeaux University, Center Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence:
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12
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Nandakumar S, Shahani P, Datta I, Pal R. Interventional Strategies for Parkinson Disease: Can Neural Precursor Cells Forge a Path Ahead? ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3785-3794. [PMID: 34628850 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural precursor cells (NPCs), derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), with their unique ability to generate multiple neuronal and glial cell types are extremely useful for understanding biological mechanisms in normal and diseased states. However, generation of specific neuronal subtypes (mature) from NPCs in large numbers adequate for cell therapy is challenging due to lack of a thorough understanding of the cues that govern their differentiation. Interestingly, neural stem cells (NSCs) themselves are in consideration for therapy given their potency to form different neural cell types, release of trophic factors, and immunomodulatory effects that confer neuroprotection. With the recent COVID-19 outbreak and its accompanying neurological indications, the immunomodulatory role of NSCs may gain additional significance in the prevention of disease progression in vulnerable populations. In this regard, small-molecule mediated NPC generation from PSCs via NSC formation has become an important strategy that ensures consistency and robustness of the process. The development of the mammalian brain occurs along the rostro-caudal axis, and the establishment of anterior identity is an early event. Wnt signaling, along with fibroblast growth factor and retinoic acid, acts as a caudalization signal. Further, the increasing amount of epigenetic data available from human fetal brain development has enhanced both our understanding of and ability to experimentally manipulate these developmental regulatory programs in vitro. However, the impact on homing and engraftment after transplantation and subsequently on therapeutic efficacy of NPCs based on their derivation strategy is not yet clear. Another formidable challenge in cell replacement therapy for neurodegenerative disorders is the mode of delivery. In this Perspective, we discuss these core ideas with insights from our preliminary studies exploring the role of PSC-derived NPCs in rat models of MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease following intranasal injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Nandakumar
- Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP), Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradnya Shahani
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajarshi Pal
- Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP), Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
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13
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Cao J, Chen Y, Xia X, Qu H, Ao Y, Wang H. Intergenerational genetic programming mechanism and sex differences of the adrenal corticosterone synthesis dysfunction in offspring induced by prenatal ethanol exposure. Toxicol Lett 2021; 351:78-88. [PMID: 34454011 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) induced adrenal dysplasia in offspring, which was related to intrauterine maternal glucocorticoid overexposure. This study investigated the intergenerational genetic effect and sex differences of PEE-induced changes in the synthetic function of adrenal corticosterone in offspring, and to clarify the intrauterine origin programming mechanism. Wistar pregnant rats were gavaged with ethanol (4 g/kg bw/d) from gestation day (GD) 9-20, and F1 generation was born naturally. The F1 generation female rats in the PEE group were mated with normal male rats to produce F2 generation. Serum and adrenal glands of fetal rats and F1/F2 adult rats were collected at GD20 and postnatal week 28. PEE increased the serum corticosterone level, while diminishing the expression of adrenal steroid synthases of fetal rats. Moreover, PEE enhanced the mRNA expression of GR and HDAC1, but inhibited the mRNA expression of SF1 and reduced the H3K9ac level of P450scc in the fetal adrenal gland. In PEE adult offspring of F1 and F2 generation the serum corticosterone level, the H3K9ac level of P450scc and its expression were decreased in males but were increased in females. In NCI-H295R cells, cortisol reduced the production of endogenous cortisol, down-regulated SF1, and up-regulated HDAC1 expression by activating GR, and decreased H3K9ac level and expression of P450scc. In conclusion, PEE could induce adrenal dysplasia in offspring with sex differences and intergenerational genetic effects, and the adrenal insufficiency in male offspring was related to the induction of low functional genetic programming of P450scc by intrauterine high corticosterone through the GR/SF1/HDAC1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Ao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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14
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He R, Dantas A, Riabowol K. Histone Acetyltransferases and Stem Cell Identity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2407. [PMID: 34067525 PMCID: PMC8156521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation of histones is a key epigenetic modification involved in transcriptional regulation. The addition of acetyl groups to histone tails generally reduces histone-DNA interactions in the nucleosome leading to increased accessibility for transcription factors and core transcriptional machinery to bind their target sequences. There are approximately 30 histone acetyltransferases and their corresponding complexes, each of which affect the expression of a subset of genes. Because cell identity is determined by gene expression profile, it is unsurprising that the HATs responsible for inducing expression of these genes play a crucial role in determining cell fate. Here, we explore the role of HATs in the maintenance and differentiation of various stem cell types. Several HAT complexes have been characterized to play an important role in activating genes that allow stem cells to self-renew. Knockdown or loss of their activity leads to reduced expression and or differentiation while particular HATs drive differentiation towards specific cell fates. In this study we review functions of the HAT complexes active in pluripotent stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, muscle satellite cells, mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicen He
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.H.); (A.D.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Temerty School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Arthur Dantas
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.H.); (A.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Karl Riabowol
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.H.); (A.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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15
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Imbalance of Excitatory/Inhibitory Neuron Differentiation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders with an NR2F1 Point Mutation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107521. [PMID: 32320667 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed an essential role for embryonic cortical development in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the genetic basis and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we generate mutant human embryonic stem cell lines (Mut hESCs) carrying an NR2F1-R112K mutation that has been identified in a patient with ASD features and investigate their neurodevelopmental alterations. Mut hESCs overproduce ventral telencephalic neuron progenitors (ventral NPCs) and underproduce dorsal NPCs, causing the imbalance of excitatory/inhibitory neurons. These alterations can be mainly attributed to the aberrantly activated Hedgehog signaling pathway. Moreover, the corresponding Nr2f1 point-mutant mice display a similar excitatory/inhibitory neuron imbalance and abnormal behaviors. Antagonizing the increased inhibitory synaptic transmission partially alleviates their behavioral deficits. Together, our results suggest that the NR2F1-dependent imbalance of excitatory/inhibitory neuron differentiation caused by the activated Hedgehog pathway is one precursor of neurodevelopmental disorders and may enlighten the therapeutic approaches.
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Lysines Acetylome and Methylome Profiling of H3 and H4 Histones in Trichostatin A-Treated Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042063. [PMID: 33669725 PMCID: PMC7921975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichostatin A ([R-(E,E)]-7-[4-(dimethylamino) phenyl]-N-hydroxy- 4,6-dimethyl- 7-oxo-2,4-heptadienamide, TSA) affects chromatin state through its potent histone deacetylase inhibitory activity. Interfering with the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues in histones is one of many epigenetic regulatory processes that control gene expression. Histone deacetylase inhibition drives cells toward the differentiation stage, favoring the activation of specific genes. In this paper, we investigated the effects of TSA on H3 and H4 lysine acetylome and methylome profiling in mice embryonic stem cells (ES14), treated with trichostatin A (TSA) by using a new, untargeted approach, consisting of trypsin-limited proteolysis experiments coupled with MALDI-MS and LC-MS/MS analyses. The method was firstly set up on standard chicken core histones to probe the optimized conditions in terms of enzyme:substrate (E:S) ratio and time of proteolysis and, then, applied to investigate the global variations of the acetylation and methylation state of lysine residues of H3 and H4 histone in the embryonic stem cells (ES14) stimulated by TSA and addressed to differentiation. The proposed strategy was found in its simplicity to be extremely effective in achieving the identification and relative quantification of some of the most significant epigenetic modifications, such as acetylation and lysine methylation. Therefore, we believe that it can be used with equal success in wider studies concerning the characterization of all epigenetic modifications.
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Abstract
In the past several decades, the establishment of in vitro models of pluripotency has ushered in a golden era for developmental and stem cell biology. Research in this arena has led to profound insights into the regulatory features that shape early embryonic development. Nevertheless, an integrative theory of the epigenetic principles that govern the pluripotent nucleus remains elusive. Here, we summarize the epigenetic characteristics that define the pluripotent state. We cover what is currently known about the epigenome of pluripotent stem cells and reflect on the use of embryonic stem cells as an experimental system. In addition, we highlight insights from super-resolution microscopy, which have advanced our understanding of the form and function of chromatin, particularly its role in establishing the characteristically "open chromatin" of pluripotent nuclei. Further, we discuss the rapid improvements in 3C-based methods, which have given us a means to investigate the 3D spatial organization of the pluripotent genome. This has aided the adaptation of prior notions of a "pluripotent molecular circuitry" into a more holistic model, where hotspots of co-interacting domains correspond with the accumulation of pluripotency-associated factors. Finally, we relate these earlier hypotheses to an emerging model of phase separation, which posits that a biophysical mechanism may presuppose the formation of a pluripotent-state-defining transcriptional program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eran Meshorer
- Department of Genetics, the Institute of Life Sciences
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 9190400
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18
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Xu X, Du Y, Ma L, Zhang S, Shi L, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Hui Y, Liu Y, Fang Y, Fan B, Liu Z, Li N, Zhou S, Jiang C, Liu L, Zhang X. Mapping germ-layer specification preventing genes in hPSCs via genome-scale CRISPR screening. iScience 2021; 24:101926. [PMID: 33385119 PMCID: PMC7772566 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biological processes that determine the entry of three germ layers of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is a central question in developmental and stem cell biology. Here, we genetically engineered hPSCs with the germ layer reporter and inducible CRISPR/Cas9 knockout system, and a genome-scale screening was performed to define pathways restricting germ layer specification. Genes clustered in the key biological processes, including embryonic development, mRNA processing, metabolism, and epigenetic regulation, were centered in the governance of pluripotency and lineage development. Other than typical pluripotent transcription factors and signaling molecules, loss of function of mesendodermal specifiers resulted in advanced neuroectodermal differentiation, given their inter-germ layer antagonizing effect. Regarding the epigenetic superfamily, microRNAs enriched in hPSCs showed clear germ layer-targeting specificity. The cholesterol synthesis pathway maintained hPSCs via retardation of neuroectoderm specification. Thus, in this study, we identified a full landscape of genetic wiring and biological processes that control hPSC self-renewal and trilineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Xu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yanhua Du
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhongshu Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yi Hui
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Beibei Fan
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhongliang Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Nan Li
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Reconstruction and Regeneration of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Fang J, Zhang D, Cao JW, Zhang L, Liu CX, Xing YP, Wang F, Xu HY, Wang SC, Ling Y, Wang W, Zhang YR, Zhou HM. Pathways involved in pony body size development. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:58. [PMID: 33461495 PMCID: PMC7814589 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of body growth in mammals is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the regulatory networks involved in body growth through transcriptomic analysis of pituitary and epiphyseal tissues of smaller sized Debao ponies and Mongolian horses at the juvenile and adult stages. RESULTS We found that growth hormone receptor (GHR) was expressed at low levels in long bones, although growth hormone (GH) was highly expressed in Debao ponies compared with Mongolian horses. Moreover, significant downregulated of the GHR pathway components m-RAS and ATF3 was found in juvenile ponies, which slowed the proliferation of bone osteocytes. However, WNT2 and PLCβ2 were obviously upregulated in juvenile Debao ponies, which led to premature mineralization of the bone extracellular matrix. Furthermore, we found that the WNT/Ca2+ pathway may be responsible for regulating body growth. GHR was demonstrated by q-PCR and Western blot analyses to be expressed at low levels in long bones of Debao ponies. Treatment with WNT antagonistI decreased the expression of WNT pathway components (P < 0.05) in vitro. Transduction of ATDC5 cells with a GHR-RNAi lentiviral vector decreased the expression of the GHR pathway components (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expression of the IGF-1 gene in the liver was lower in Debao ponies than in Mongolian horses at the juvenile and adult stages. Detection of plasma hormone concentrations showed that Debao ponies expressed higher levels of IGF-1 as juveniles and higher levels of GH as adults than Mongolian horses, indicating that the hormone regulation in Debao ponies differs from that in Mongolian horses. CONCLUSION Our work provides insights into the genetic regulation of short stature growth in mammals and can provide useful information for the development of therapeutic strategies for small size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Jun Wei Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Chun Xia Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Yan Ping Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Hong Yang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Shi Chao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Yu Ling
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Yan Ru Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Huan Min Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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20
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Xia C, Tao Y, Li M, Che T, Qu J. Protein acetylation and deacetylation: An important regulatory modification in gene transcription (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2923-2940. [PMID: 32855658 PMCID: PMC7444376 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells primarily rely on proteins to perform the majority of their physiological functions, and the function of proteins is regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). The acetylation of proteins is a dynamic and highly specific PTM, which has an important influence on the functions of proteins, such as gene transcription and signal transduction. The acetylation of proteins is primarily dependent on lysine acetyltransferases and lysine deacetylases. In recent years, due to the widespread use of mass spectrometry and the emergence of new technologies, such as protein chips, studies on protein acetylation have been further developed. Compared with histone acetylation, acetylation of non-histone proteins has gradually become the focus of research due to its important regulatory mechanisms and wide range of applications. The discovery of specific protein acetylation sites using bioinformatic tools can greatly aid the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of protein acetylation involved in related physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Mingshan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Tuanjie Che
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Translational Medicine, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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21
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Desai D, Pethe P. Polycomb repressive complex 1: Regulators of neurogenesis from embryonic to adult stage. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:4031-4045. [PMID: 31608994 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Development of vertebrate nervous system is a complex process which involves differential gene expression and disruptions in this process or in the mature brain, may lead to neurological disorders and diseases. Extensive work that spanned several decades using rodent models and recent work on stem cells have helped uncover the intricate process of neuronal differentiation and maturation. There are various morphological changes, genetic and epigenetic modifications which occur during normal mammalian neural development, one of the chromatin modifications that controls vital gene expression are the posttranslational modifications on histone proteins, that controls accessibility of translational machinery. Among the histone modifiers, polycomb group proteins (PcGs), such as Ezh2, Eed and Suz12 form large protein complexes-polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2); while Ring1b and Bmi1 proteins form core of PRC1 along with accessory proteins such as Cbx, Hph, Rybp and Pcgfs catalyse histone modifications such as H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub1. PRC1 proteins are known to play critical role in X chromosome inactivation in females but they also repress the expression of key developmental genes and tightly regulate the mammalian neuronal development. In this review we have discussed the signalling pathways, morphogens and nuclear factors that initiate, regulate and maintain cells of the nervous system. Further, we have extensively reviewed the recent literature on the role of Ring1b and Bmi1 in mammalian neuronal development and differentiation; as well as highlighted questions that are still unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Desai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science (SDSOS), Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) deemed-to-be University, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasad Pethe
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Pune, India
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22
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Gardea-Resendez M, Kucuker MU, Blacker CJ, Ho AMC, Croarkin PE, Frye MA, Veldic M. Dissecting the Epigenetic Changes Induced by Non-Antipsychotic Mood Stabilizers on Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:467. [PMID: 32390836 PMCID: PMC7189731 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epimutations secondary to gene-environment interactions have a key role in the pathophysiology of major psychiatric disorders. In vivo and in vitro evidence suggest that mood stabilizers can potentially reverse epigenetic deregulations found in patients with schizophrenia or mood disorders through mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. However, their activity on epigenetic processes has made them a research target for therapeutic approaches. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search of PubMed and EMBASE for studies investigating the specific epigenetic changes induced by non-antipsychotic mood stabilizers (valproate, lithium, lamotrigine, and carbamazepine) in animal models, human cell lines, or patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder. Each paper was reviewed for the nature of research, the species and tissue examined, sample size, mood stabilizer, targeted gene, epigenetic changes found, and associated psychiatric disorder. Every article was appraised for quality using a modified published process and those who met a quality score of moderate or high were included. RESULTS A total of 2,429 records were identified; 1,956 records remained after duplicates were removed and were screened via title, abstract and keywords; 129 records were selected for full-text screening and a remaining of 38 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. Valproate and lithium were found to induce broader epigenetic changes through different mechanisms, mainly DNA demethylation and histones acetylation. There was less literature and hence smaller effects attributable to lamotrigine and carbamazepine could be associated overall with the small number of studies on these agents. Findings were congruent across sample types. CONCLUSIONS An advanced understanding of the specific epigenetic changes induced by classic mood stabilizers in patients with major psychiatric disorders will facilitate personalized interventions. Further related drug discovery should target the induction of selective chromatin remodeling and gene-specific expression effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Utku Kucuker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Caren J. Blacker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ada M.-C. Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Paul E. Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Mark A. Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Marin Veldic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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23
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Cui P, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Sun L, Cui G, Guo X, Wang H, Zhang X, Shi Y, Yu Z. HIF-1α/Actl6a/H3K9ac axis is critical for pluripotency and lineage differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:5740-5753. [PMID: 32112486 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902829rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are important models for analyzing cellular metabolism and individual development. As a hypoxia-inducible factor subunit, HIF-1α plays an important role in maintaining the pluripotency of PSCs under hypoxic conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying the self-renewal and pluripotency maintenance of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) via regulating HIF-1α largely remain elusive. In this study, we found that disrupting the expression of HIF-1α reduced self-renewal and pluripotency of hiPSCs. Additionally, HIF-1α-knockdown led to lower mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ) and higher reactive oxygen species production in hiPSCs. However, HIF-1α-overexpression increased ATP content in hiPSCs, while the role of HIF-1α-knockdown was opposite. The embryoid body (EB) and teratoma formation assays showed that HIF-1α-knockdown promoted endoderm differentiation and development in vitro and in vivo. In terms of the underlying molecular mechanisms, HIF-1α-knockdown inhibited the expression of Actl6a and histone H3K9ac acetylation (H3K9ac). Actl6a knockdown reduced the expression of H3K9ac and the pluripotency of hiPSCs, and also affected endoderm differentiation. These data suggest that hindering HIF-1α expression causes the changes in mitochondrial properties and metabolic disorders in hiPSCs. Furthermore, HIF-1α affects hiPSC pluripotency, and germ layer differentiation via Actl6a and histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanghui Cui
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Research and Teaching, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhendong Yu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
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24
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mTOR complex 2 is an integrator of cancer metabolism and epigenetics. Cancer Lett 2020; 478:1-7. [PMID: 32145344 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a central hallmark of cancer and is driven by abnormalites of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. This enables tumor cells to obtain the macromolecular precursors and energy needed for rapid tumor growth. Accelerated metabolism also translates into cancer cell aggression through epigenetic changes. The aberrant signaling cascades activated by oncogenes coordinate metabolic reprogramming with epigenetic shifts and subsequent global transcriptional changes through the dysregulation of rate-limiting metabolic enzymes as well as by facilitating the production of intermediary metabolites. As the landscape of cancer cell metabolism has been elucidated, it is now time for this knowledge to be translated into benefit for patients. Here we review the recently identified central regulatory role for mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), a downstream effector of many cancer-causing mutations, in reprogramming the metabolic and epigenetic landscape. This leads to tumor cell survival and cancer drug resistance.
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25
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Yang X, Wang R, Wang X, Cai G, Qian Y, Feng S, Tan F, Chen K, Tang K, Huang X, Jing N, Qiao Y. TGFβ signaling hyperactivation-induced tumorigenicity during the derivation of neural progenitors from mouse ESCs. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 10:216-228. [PMID: 29481611 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical therapies of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs)-based transplantation have been hindered by frequent development of teratomas or tumors in animal models and clinical patients. Therefore, clarifying the mechanism of carcinogenesis in stem cell therapy is of great importance for reducing the risk of tumorigenicity. Here we differentiate Oct4-GFP mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and find that a minority of Oct4+ cells are continuously sustained at Oct4+ state. These cells can be enriched and proliferated in a standard ESC medium. Interestingly, the differentiation potential of these enriched cells is tightly restricted with much higher tumorigenic activity, which are thus defined as differentiation-resistant ESCs (DR-ESCs). Transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses show that DR-ESCs are characterized by primordial germ cell-like gene signatures (Dazl, Rec8, Stra8, Blimp1, etc.) and specific epigenetic patterns distinct from mESCs. Moreover, the DR-ESCs possess germ cell potential to generate Sycp3+ haploid cells and are able to reside in sperm-free spermaduct induced by busulfan. Finally, we find that TGFβ signaling is overactivated in DR-ESCs, and inhibition of TGFβ signaling eliminates the tumorigenicity of mESC-derived NPCs by inducing the full differentiation of DR-ESCs. These data demonstrate that these TGFβ-hyperactivated germ cell-like DR-ESCs are the main contributor for the tumorigenicity of ESCs-derived target cell therapy and that inhibition of TGFβ signaling in ESC-derived NPC transplantation could drastically reduce the risk of tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfa Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongjun Wang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhi Tan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingxu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunbo Qiao
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Zhao Q, Ji K, Wang T, Li G, Lu W, Ji J. Effect of the Histone Deacetylases Inhibitors on the Differentiation of Stem Cells in Bone Damage Repairing and Regeneration. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 15:24-31. [PMID: 31486757 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190905155516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tissue damage repairing and regeneration is a research hot topic. Tissue engineering arises at the historic moment which is a defect repair compound composed of seed cells, tissue engineering scaffolds, and inducing factors. Stem cells have a limited growth period in vitro culture, and they have a pattern of replicating ageing, and these disadvantages are limiting the applications of stem cells in basic research and clinical treatment. The enhancement of stem cell differentiation ability is a difficult problem to overcome, and it is possible to enhance the differentiation ability of stem cells through histone modification so as to provide a more robust foundation for damage repairing and regeneration. Studies have shown that Histone Deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors can improve mesenchymal stem cells in vitro induced in different directions, conversion efficiency, increasing the feasibility and safety of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering, to offer reference to promote the stem cell therapy in clinical application. Therefore, this paper mainly focusing on the usage and achievements of the deacetylase inhibitors in stem cell differentiation studies and their use and prospects in repair of bone tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Ji
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiancong Wang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guifeng Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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27
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Histone deacetylase inhibitors promote ATP2A3 gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells: p300 as a transcriptional regulator. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 113:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Zhou W, Zhao T, Du J, Ji G, Li X, Ji S, Tian W, Wang X, Hao A. TIGAR promotes neural stem cell differentiation through acetyl-CoA-mediated histone acetylation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:198. [PMID: 30814486 PMCID: PMC6393469 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism plays a crucial role in controlling the proliferation, differentiation, and quiescence of neural stem cells (NSCs). The metabolic transition from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation has been regarded as a hallmark of neuronal differentiation. Understanding what triggers metabolism reprogramming and how glucose metabolism directs NSC differentiation may provide new insight into the regenerative potential of the brain. TP53 inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is an endogenous inhibitor of glycolysis and is highly expressed in mature neurons. However, its function in embryonic NSCs has not yet been explored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the precise roles of TIGAR in NSCs and the possible involvement of metabolic reprogramming in the TIGAR regulatory network. We observed that TIGAR is significantly increased during brain development as neural differentiation proceeds, especially at the peak of NSC differentiation (E14.5–E16.5). In cultured NSCs, knockdown of TIGAR reduced the expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin (Tuj1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Ngn1, and NeuroD1, and enhanced the expression of REST, suggesting that TIGAR is an important regulator of NSC differentiation. Furthermore, TIGAR enhanced the expression of lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) and the mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) markers, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor (NRF1), and MitoNEET during NSC differentiation. TIGAR can decrease lactate production and accelerate oxygen consumption and ATP generation to maintain a high rate of OXPHOS in differentiated NSCs. Interestingly, knockdown of TIGAR decreased the level of acetyl-CoA and H3K9 acetylation at the promoters of Ngn1, Neurod1, and Gfap. Acetate, a precursor of acetyl-CoA, increased the level of H3K9 acetylation and rescued the effect of TIGAR deficiency on NSC differentiation. Together, our data demonstrated that TIGAR promotes metabolic reprogramming and regulates NSC differentiation through an epigenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyi Du
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guangyu Ji
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shufang Ji
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenyu Tian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Aijun Hao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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29
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Gasiūnienė M, Zentelytė A, Treigytė G, Baronaitė S, Savickienė J, Utkus A, Navakauskienė R. Epigenetic alterations in amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells derived from normal and fetus-affected gestations: A focus on myogenic and neural differentiations. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:299-312. [PMID: 30635962 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AF-MSCs) are autologous to the fetus and represent a potential alternative source for the regenerative medicine and treatment of perinatal disorders. To date, AF-MSCs differentiation capacity to non-mesodermal lineages and epigenetic regulation are still poorly characterized. The present study investigated the differentiation potential of AF-MSCs toward neural-like cells in comparison to the mesodermal myogenic lineage and assessed epigenetic factors involved in tissue-specific differentiation. Myogenic and neural differentiation assays were performed by the incubation with specific induction media. Typical MSCs markers were determined by flow cytometry, the expression of lineage-specific genes, microRNAs and chromatin modifying proteins were examined by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. AF-MSCs of normal and fetus-affected gestations had similar stem cells characteristics and two-lineage potential, as characterized by cell morphology and the expression of myogenic and neural markers. Two-lineage differentiation process was associated with the down-regulation of miR-17 and miR-21, the up-regulation of miR-34a, miR-146a and DNMT3a/DNMT3b along with the gradual decrease in the levels of DNMT1, HDAC1, active marks of chromatin (H4hyperAc, H3K9ac, H3K4me3) and the repressive H3K9me3 mark. Differentiation was accompanied by the down-regulation of PRC1/2 proteins (BMI1/SUZ12, EZH2) and the retention of the repressive H3K27me3 mark. We report that both AF-MSCs of normal and fetus-affected gestations possess differentiation capacity toward myogenic and neural lineages through rather similar epigenetic mechanisms that may provide potential applications for further investigation of the molecular basis of prenatal diseases and for the future autologous therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gasiūnienė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Aistė Zentelytė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Gražina Treigytė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Sandra Baronaitė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Jūratė Savickienė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Utkus
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio st. 21, Vilnius, LT-03101, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Navakauskienė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania
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30
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Fabbrizi MR, Warshowsky KE, Zobel CL, Hallahan DE, Sharma GG. Molecular and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of normal stem cell radiosensitivity. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:117. [PMID: 30588339 PMCID: PMC6299079 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) therapy is a major cancer treatment modality and an indispensable auxiliary treatment for primary and metastatic cancers, but invariably results in debilitating organ dysfunctions. IR-induced depletion of neural stem/progenitor cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus where neurogenesis occurs is considered largely responsible for deficiencies such as learning, memory, and spatial information processing in patients subjected to cranial irradiation. Similarly, IR therapy-induced intestinal injuries such as diarrhea and malabsorption are common side effects in patients with gastrointestinal tumors and are believed to be caused by intestinal stem cell drop out. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently used to reinstate blood production in leukemia patients and pre-clinical treatments show promising results in other organs such as the skin and kidney, but ethical issues and logistic problems make this route difficult to follow. An alternative way to restore the injured tissue is to preserve the stem cell pool located in that specific tissue/organ niche, but stem cell response to ionizing radiation is inadequately understood at the molecular mechanistic level. Although embryonic and fetal hypersensity to IR has been very well known for many decades, research on embryonic stem cell models in culture concerning molecular mechanisms have been largely inconclusive and often in contradiction of the in vivo observations. This review will summarize the latest discoveries on stem cell radiosensitivity, highlighting the possible molecular and epigenetic mechanism(s) involved in DNA damage response and programmed cell death after ionizing radiation therapy specific to normal stem cells. Finally, we will analyze the possible contribution of stem cell-specific chromatin's epigenetic constitution in promoting normal stem cell radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Fabbrizi
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Kacie E. Warshowsky
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Cheri L. Zobel
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Dennis E. Hallahan
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Girdhar G. Sharma
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4511 Forest Park, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108 USA
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31
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Emerging Role of Histone Acetyltransferase in Stem Cells and Cancer. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8908751. [PMID: 30651738 PMCID: PMC6311713 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8908751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein acetylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications catalyzed by acetyltransferases and deacetylases, through the addition and removal of acetyl groups to lysine residues. Lysine acetylation can affect protein-nucleic acid or protein-protein interactions and protein localization, transport, stability, and activity. It regulates the function of a large variety of proteins, including histones, oncoproteins, tumor suppressors, and transcription factors, thus representing a crucial regulator of several biological processes with particular prominent roles in transcription and metabolism. Thus, it is unsurprising that alteration of protein acetylation is involved in human disease, including metabolic disorders and cancers. In this context, different hematological and solid tumors are characterized by deregulation of the protein acetylation pattern as a result of genetic or epigenetic changes. The imbalance between acetylation and deacetylation of histone or nonhistone proteins is also involved in the modulation of the self-renewal and differentiation ability of stem cells, including cancer stem cells. Here, we summarize a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, undertaken on a set of acetyltransferases, and discuss the physiological and pathological roles of this class of enzymes. We also review the available data on the involvement of acetyltransferases in the regulation of stem cell renewal and differentiation in both normal and cancer cell population.
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Spatial Determination of Neuronal Diversification in the Olfactory Epithelium. J Neurosci 2018; 39:814-832. [PMID: 30530861 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3594-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the murine olfactory epithelium (OE) differ by the olfactory receptor they express as well as other molecular phenotypes that are regionally restricted. These patterns can be precisely regenerated following epithelial injury, suggesting that spatial cues within the tissue can direct neuronal diversification. Nonetheless, the permanency and mechanism of this spatial patterning remain subject to debate. Via transplantation of stem and progenitor cells from dorsal OE into ventral OE, we demonstrate that, in mice of both sexes, nonautonomous spatial cues can direct the spatially circumscribed differentiation of olfactory sensory neurons. The vast majority of dorsal transplant-derived neurons express the ventral marker OCAM (NCAM2) and lose expression of NQO1 to match their new location. Single-cell analysis also demonstrates that OSNs adopt a fate defined by their new position following progenitor cell transplant, such that a ventral olfactory receptor is expressed after stem and progenitor cell engraftment. Thus, spatially constrained differentiation of olfactory sensory neurons is plastic, and any bias toward an epigenetic memory of place can be overcome.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Spatially restricted differentiation of olfactory sensory neurons is both key to normal olfactory function and a challenging example of biological specificity. That the stem cells of the olfactory epithelium reproduce the organization of the olfactory periphery to a very close approximation during lesion-induced regeneration begs the question of whether stem cell-autonomous genomic architecture or environmental cues are responsible. The plasticity demonstrated after transfer to a novel location suggests that cues external to the transplanted stem and progenitor cells confer neuronal identity. Thus, a necessary prerequisite is satisfied for using engraftment of olfactory stem and progenitor cells as a cellular therapeutic intervention to reinvigorate neurogenesis whose exhaustion contributes to the waning of olfaction with age.
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Tun N, Shibata Y, Soe MT, Htun MW, Koji T. Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress transdifferentiation of gonadotrophs to prolactin cells and proliferation of prolactin cells induced by diethylstilbestrol in male mouse pituitary. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 151:291-303. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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34
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Avrahami EM, Levi S, Zajfman E, Regev C, Ben-David O, Arbely E. Reconstitution of Mammalian Enzymatic Deacylation Reactions in Live Bacteria Using Native Acylated Substrates. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:2348-2354. [PMID: 30207693 PMCID: PMC6198279 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Lysine deacetylases
(KDACs) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis
of acyl groups from acyl-lysine residues. The recent identification
of thousands of putative acylation sites, including specific acetylation
sites, created an urgent need for biochemical methodologies aimed
at better characterizing KDAC-substrate specificity and evaluating
KDACs activity. To address this need, we utilized genetic code expansion
technology to coexpress site-specifically acylated substrates with
mammalian KDACs, and study substrate recognition and deacylase activity
in live Escherichia coli. In this system the bacterial
cell serves as a “biological test tube” in which the
incubation of a single mammalian KDAC and a potential peptide or full-length
acylated substrate transpires. We report novel deacetylation activities
of Zn2+-dependent deacetylases and sirtuins in bacteria.
We also measure the deacylation of propionyl-, butyryl-, and crotonyl-lysine,
as well as novel deacetylation of Lys310-acetylated RelA by SIRT3,
SIRT5, SIRT6, and HDAC8. This study highlights the importance of native
interactions to KDAC-substrate recognition and deacylase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel M. Avrahami
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Shahar Levi
- Department of Chemistry and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Eyal Zajfman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Clil Regev
- Department of Chemistry and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Oshrit Ben-David
- Department of Chemistry and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Eyal Arbely
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Department of Chemistry and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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35
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Fan SJ, Sun AB, Liu L. Epigenetic modulation during hippocampal development. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:463-473. [PMID: 30546873 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is located in the limbic system and is vital in learning ability, memory formation and emotion regulation, and is associated with depression, epilepsy and mental retardation in an abnormal developmental situation. Several factors have been found to modulate the development of the hippocampus, and epigenetic modification have a crucial effect in this progress. The present review summarizes the epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and non-coding RNAs, regulating all stages of hippocampal development, focusing on the growth of Ammons horn and the dentate gyrus in humans and rodents. These modifications may significantly affect hippocampal development and health in addition to cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jing Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Neuronal and Brain Diseases Modulation, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - An-Bang Sun
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Brain Diseases Modulation, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China.,Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Neuronal and Brain Diseases Modulation, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
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36
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Zhou W, Jiang D, Tian J, Liu L, Lu T, Huang X, Sun H. Acetylation of H3K4, H3K9, and H3K27 mediated by p300 regulates the expression of GATA4 in cardiocytes. Genes Dis 2018; 6:318-325. [PMID: 32042871 PMCID: PMC6997570 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA4 is a particularly important cardiogenic transcription factor and serves as a potent driver of cardiogenesis. Recent progress in the field has made it clear that histone acetylation can influence gene expression through changing the structure of chromatin. Our previous research had revealed that hypo-acetylation could repress gata4 expression in cardiocytes, however the underlying mechanism by which this occurred was still unclear. To reveal the mechanism of histone acetylation involved in the regulation of gata4 transcription, we concentrated on P300, one of the important histone acetyltransferase associated with cardiogenesis. We found that P300 participated in gata4 expression through regulating histone acetylation in embryonic mouse hearts. RNAi-mediated downregulation of P300 modulated the global acetylation of H3 and the acetylation of H3K4, H3K9, and H3K27 in gata4 and Tbx5 promoters. Interestingly, there was an obvious inhibition of gata4 transcription, whereas Tbx5 was not influenced. Furthermore, SGC-CBP30, the selective inhibitor of the bromodomain in CBP/P300, downregulated gata4 transcription by repressing the acetylation of H3K4, H3K9, and H3K27 in the gata4 promoters. Taken together, our results identified that acetylation of H3K4, H3K9, and H3K27 mediated by P300 plays an important role in regulation of gata4 expression in cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Dagui Jiang
- Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Tiewei Lu
- Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xupei Huang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charlie E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Huichao Sun
- Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Heart Centre, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
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37
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Saha A, Tiwari S, Dharmarajan S, Otteson DC, Belecky-Adams TL. Class I histone deacetylases in retinal progenitors and differentiating ganglion cells. Gene Expr Patterns 2018; 30:37-48. [PMID: 30179675 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acetylation state of histones has been used as an indicator of the developmental state of progenitor and differentiating cells. The goal of this study was to determine the nuclear localization patterns of Class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) in retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), as the first step in understanding their potential importance in cell fate determination within the murine retina. RESULTS The only HDAC to label RPC nuclei at E16 and P5 was HDAC1. In contrast, there was generally increased nuclear localization of all Class I HDACs in differentiating RGCs. Between P5 and P30, SOX2 expression becomes restricted to Müller glial, cholinergic amacrine cells, and retinal astrocytes. Cholinergic amacrine showed a combination of changes in nuclear localization of Class I HDACs. Strikingly, although Müller glia and retinal astrocytes express many of the same genes, P30 Müller glial cells showed nuclear localization only of HDAC1, while retinal astrocytes were positive for HDACs 1, 2, and 3. CONCLUSION These results indicate there may be a role for one or more of the Class I HDACs in retinal cell type-specific differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Saha
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Sarika Tiwari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Subramanian Dharmarajan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Deborah C Otteson
- University of Houston College of Optometry, 4901 Calhoun Rd. Rm 2195, Houston, TX, 77204-2020, USA.
| | - Teri L Belecky-Adams
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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38
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Rao A, LaBonne C. Histone deacetylase activity has an essential role in establishing and maintaining the vertebrate neural crest. Development 2018; 145:dev.163386. [PMID: 30002130 DOI: 10.1242/dev.163386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest, a progenitor population that drove vertebrate evolution, retains the broad developmental potential of the blastula cells it is derived from, even as neighboring cells undergo lineage restriction. The mechanisms that enable these cells to preserve their developmental potential remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in this process in Xenopus We show that HDAC activity is essential for the formation of neural crest, as well as for proper patterning of the early ectoderm. The requirement for HDAC activity initiates in naïve blastula cells; HDAC inhibition causes loss of pluripotency gene expression and blocks the ability of blastula stem cells to contribute to lineages of the three embryonic germ layers. We find that pluripotent naïve blastula cells and neural crest cells are both characterized by low levels of histone acetylation, and show that increasing HDAC1 levels enhance the ability of blastula cells to be reprogrammed to a neural crest state. Together, these findings elucidate a previously uncharacterized role for HDAC activity in establishing the neural crest stem cell state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Rao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Carole LaBonne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA .,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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39
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Ankam S, Teo BKK, Pohan G, Ho SWL, Lim CK, Yim EKF. Temporal Changes in Nucleus Morphology, Lamin A/C and Histone Methylation During Nanotopography-Induced Neuronal Differentiation of Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:69. [PMID: 29904629 PMCID: PMC5990852 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell differentiation can be regulated by biophysical cues such as nanotopography. It involves sensing and integration of these biophysical cues into their transcriptome with a mechanism that is yet to be discovered. In addition to the cytoskeletal and focal adhesion remodeling, nanotopography has also been shown to modulate nucleus morphology. Here, we studied the effect of nanotopography on the temporal changes in nuclei of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Using a high throughput Multi-architecture (MARC) chip analysis, the circularity of the stem cell nuclei changed significantly on different patterns. Human ESCs and MSCs showed different temporal changes in nucleus morphology, lamin A/C expression and histone methylation during topography-induced neuronal differentiation. In hESCs, the expression of nuclear matrix protein, lamin A/C during neuronal differentiation of hESCs on PDMS samples were weakly detected in the first 7 days of differentiation. The histone 3 trimethylation on Lysine 9 (H3K9me3) decreased after differentiation initiated and showed temporal changes in their expression and organization during neuronal differentiation. In hMSCs, the expression of lamin A/C was significantly increased after the first 24 h of cell culture. The quantitative analysis of histone methylation also showed a significant increase in hMSCs histone methylation on 250 nm anisotropic nanogratings within the first 24 h of seeding. This reiterates the importance of cell-substrate sensing within the first 24 h for adult stem cells. The lamin A/C expression and histone methylation shows a correlation of epigenetic changes in early events of differentiation, giving an insight on how extracellular nanotopographical cues are transduced into nuclear biochemical signals. Collectively, these results provide more understanding into the nuclear regulation of the mechanotransduction of nanotopographical cues in stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soneela Ankam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin K K Teo
- Mechanobiology Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grace Pohan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn W L Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon K Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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40
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Histone deacetylase inhibition-mediated neuronal differentiation via the Wnt signaling pathway in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Neurosci Lett 2018; 668:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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41
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Zhang X, He X, Li Q, Kong X, Ou Z, Zhang L, Gong Z, Long D, Li J, Zhang M, Ji W, Zhang W, Xu L, Xuan A. PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Mediates Valproic Acid-Induced Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells through Epigenetic Modifications. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 8:1256-1269. [PMID: 28494938 PMCID: PMC5425725 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although valproic acid (VPA), has been shown to induce neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs), the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we investigated if and how mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is involved in the neuronal differentiation of VPA-induced NSCs. Our data demonstrated that mTOR activation not only promoted but also was necessary for the neuronal differentiation of NSCs induced by VPA. We further found that inhibition of mTOR signaling blocked demethylation of neuron-specific gene neurogenin 1 (Ngn1) regulatory element in induced cells. These are correlated with the significant alterations of passive DNA demethylation and the active DNA demethylation pathway in the Ngn1 promoter, but not the suppression of lysine-specific histone methylation and acetylation in the promoter region of Ngn1. These findings highlight a potentially important role for mTOR signaling, by working together with DNA demethylation, to influence the fate of NSCs via regulating the expression of Ngn1 in VPA-induced neuronal differentiation of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xuejian Kong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Zhenri Ou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Zhuo Gong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Dahong Long
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta 30912, USA
| | - Weidong Ji
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Center for Translational Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Aiguo Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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Wang Y, Li Y, Yue M, Wang J, Kumar S, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Zhang Z, Ogawa Y, Kellis M, Duester G, Zhao JC. N 6-methyladenosine RNA modification regulates embryonic neural stem cell self-renewal through histone modifications. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:195-206. [PMID: 29335608 PMCID: PMC6317335 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Internal N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is widespread in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and is catalyzed by heterodimers of methyltransferase-like protein 3 (Mettl3) and Mettl14. To understand the role of m6A in development, we deleted Mettl14 in embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) in a mouse model. Phenotypically, NSCs lacking Mettl14 displayed markedly decreased proliferation and premature differentiation, suggesting that m6A modification enhances NSC self-renewal. Decreases in the NSC pool led to a decreased number of late-born neurons during cortical neurogenesis. Mechanistically, we discovered a genome-wide increase in specific histone modifications in Mettl14 knockout versus control NSCs. These changes correlated with altered gene expression and observed cellular phenotypes, suggesting functional significance of altered histone modifications in knockout cells. Finally, we found that m6A regulates histone modification in part by destabilizing transcripts that encode histone-modifying enzymes. Our results suggest an essential role for m6A in development and reveal m6A-regulated histone modifications as a previously unknown mechanism of gene regulation in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Minghui Yue
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhaolei Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuya Ogawa
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gregg Duester
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jing Crystal Zhao
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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43
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EZH2-mediated Puma gene repression regulates non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56338-56354. [PMID: 27472460 PMCID: PMC5302918 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are highly conserved epigenetic effectors that maintain the silenced state of genes. EZH2 is the catalytic core and one of the most important components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and primary lung tumors, we found that PRC2 components, including EZH2, are overexpressed. High levels of EZH2 protein were associated with worse overall survival rate in NSCLC patients. RNA interference mediated attenuation of EZH2 expression blunted the malignant phenotype in this setting, exerting inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and tumor development in a xenograft mouse model. Unexpectedly, we discovered that, in the suppression of EZH2, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression was concomitantly induced. This is achieved through EZH2 directly binds to the Puma promoter thus epigenetic repression of PUMA expression. Furthermore, cisplatin-induced apoptosis of EZH2-knocking down NSCLC cells was elevated as a consequence of increased PUMA expression. Our work reveals a novel epigenetic regulatory mechanism controlling PUMA expression and suggests that EZH2 offers a candidate molecular target for NSCLC therapy and EZH2-regulated PUMA induction would synergistically increase the sensitivity to platinum agents in non-small cell lung cancers.
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Di Martile M, Desideri M, De Luca T, Gabellini C, Buglioni S, Eramo A, Sette G, Milella M, Rotili D, Mai A, Carradori S, Secci D, De Maria R, Del Bufalo D, Trisciuoglio D. Histone acetyltransferase inhibitor CPTH6 preferentially targets lung cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11332-48. [PMID: 26870991 PMCID: PMC4905477 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in tumor initiation, progression, therapeutic failure and tumor relapse. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the thiazole derivative 3-methylcyclopentylidene-[4-(4′-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]hydrazone (CPTH6), a novel pCAF and Gcn5 histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, as a small molecule that preferentially targets lung cancer stem-like cells (LCSCs) derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Notably, although CPTH6 inhibits the growth of both LCSC and NSCLC cell lines, LCSCs exhibit greater growth inhibition than established NSCLC cells. Growth inhibitory effect of CPTH6 in LCSC lines is primarily due to apoptosis induction. Of note, differentiated progeny of LCSC lines is more resistant to CPTH6 in terms of loss of cell viability and reduction of protein acetylation, when compared to their undifferentiated counterparts. Interestingly, in LCSC lines CPTH6 treatment is also associated with a reduction of stemness markers. By using different HAT inhibitors we provide clear evidence that inhibition of HAT confers a strong preferential inhibitory effect on cell viability of undifferentiated LCSC lines when compared to their differentiated progeny. In vivo, CPTH6 is able to inhibit the growth of LCSC-derived xenografts and to reduce cancer stem cell content in treated tumors, as evidenced by marked reduction of tumor-initiating capacity in limiting dilution assays. Strikingly, the ability of CPTH6 to inhibit tubulin acetylation is also confirmed in vivo. Overall, our studies propose histone acetyltransferase inhibition as an attractive target for cancer therapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Martile
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Desideri
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa De Luca
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Gabellini
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Buglioni
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Eramo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sette
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy.,Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Scientific Director, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Cliff TS, Wu T, Boward BR, Yin A, Yin H, Glushka JN, Prestegaard JH, Dalton S. MYC Controls Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Fate Decisions through Regulation of Metabolic Flux. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 21:502-516.e9. [PMID: 28965765 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) exit pluripotency, they are thought to switch from a glycolytic mode of energy generation to one more dependent on oxidative phosphorylation. Here we show that, although metabolic switching occurs during early mesoderm and endoderm differentiation, high glycolytic flux is maintained and, in fact, essential during early ectoderm specification. The elevated glycolysis observed in hPSCs requires elevated MYC/MYCN activity. Metabolic switching during endodermal and mesodermal differentiation coincides with a reduction in MYC/MYCN and can be reversed by ectopically restoring MYC activity. During early ectodermal differentiation, sustained MYCN activity maintains the transcription of "switch" genes that are rate-limiting for metabolic activity and lineage commitment. Our work, therefore, shows that metabolic switching is lineage-specific and not a required step for exit of pluripotency in hPSCs and identifies MYC and MYCN as developmental regulators that couple metabolism to pluripotency and cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Cliff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tianming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Benjamin R Boward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Amelia Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - John N Glushka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - James H Prestegaard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Stephen Dalton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Podobinska M, Szablowska-Gadomska I, Augustyniak J, Sandvig I, Sandvig A, Buzanska L. Epigenetic Modulation of Stem Cells in Neurodevelopment: The Role of Methylation and Acetylation. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:23. [PMID: 28223921 PMCID: PMC5293809 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated development of the nervous system requires fidelity in the expression of specific genes determining the different neural cell phenotypes. Stem cell fate decisions during neurodevelopment are strictly correlated with their epigenetic status. The epigenetic regulatory processes, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications discussed in this review article, may impact both neural stem cell (NSC) self-renewal and differentiation and thus play an important role in neurodevelopment. At the same time, stem cell decisions regarding fate commitment and differentiation are highly dependent on the temporospatial expression of specific genes contingent on the developmental stage of the nervous system. An interplay between the above, as well as basic cell processes, such as transcription regulation, DNA replication, cell cycle regulation and DNA repair therefore determine the accuracy and function of neuronal connections. This may significantly impact embryonic health and development as well as cognitive processes such as neuroplasticity and memory formation later in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Podobinska
- Stem Cell Bioengineering Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Justyna Augustyniak
- Stem Cell Bioengineering Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ioanna Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim, Norway
| | - Axel Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim, Norway
| | - Leonora Buzanska
- Stem Cell Bioengineering Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
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47
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Extensive Epigenetic Changes Accompany Terminal Differentiation of Mouse Hepatocytes After Birth. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:3701-3709. [PMID: 27652892 PMCID: PMC5100869 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.034785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is traditionally thought to be established during early development and to remain mostly unchanged thereafter in healthy tissues, although recent studies have shown that this epigenetic mark can be more dynamic. Epigenetic changes occur in the liver after birth, but the timing and underlying biological processes leading to DNA methylation changes are not well understood. We hypothesized that this epigenetic reprogramming was the result of terminal differentiation of hepatocyte precursors. Using genomic approaches, we characterized the DNA methylation patterns in mouse liver from E18.5 until adulthood to determine if the timing of the DNA methylation change overlaps with hepatocyte terminal differentiation, and to examine the genomic context of these changes and identify the regulatory elements involved. Out of 271,325 CpGs analyzed throughout the genome, 214,709 CpGs changed DNA methylation by more than 5% (e.g., from 5 to 10% methylation) between E18.5 and 9 wk of age, and 18,863 CpGs changed DNA methylation by more than 30%. Genome-scale data from six time points between E18.5 and P20 show that DNA methylation changes coincided with the terminal differentiation of hepatoblasts into hepatocytes. We also showed that epigenetic reprogramming occurred primarily in intergenic enhancer regions while gene promoters were less affected. Our data suggest that normal postnatal hepatic development and maturation involves extensive epigenetic remodeling of the genome, and that enhancers play a key role in controlling the transition from hepatoblasts to fully differentiated hepatocytes. Our study provides a solid foundation to support future research aimed at further revealing the role of epigenetics in stem cell biology.
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48
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Kim HY, Wegner SH, Van Ness KP, Park JJ, Pacheco SE, Workman T, Hong S, Griffith W, Faustman EM. Differential epigenetic effects of chlorpyrifos and arsenic in proliferating and differentiating human neural progenitor cells. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:212-223. [PMID: 27523287 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the underlying temporal and mechanistic responses to neurotoxicant exposures during sensitive periods of neuronal development are critical for assessing the impact of these exposures on developmental processes. To investigate the importance of timing of neurotoxicant exposure for perturbation of epigenetic regulation, we exposed human neuronal progenitor cells (hNPCs) to chlorpyrifos (CP) and sodium arsenite (As; positive control) during proliferation and differentiation. CP or As treatment effects on hNPCs morphology, cell viability, and changes in protein expression levels of neural differentiation and cell stress markers, and histone H3 modifications were examined. Cell viability, proliferation/differentiation status, and epigenetic results suggest that hNPCs cultures respond to CP and As treatment with different degrees of sensitivity. Histone modifications, as measured by changes in histone H3 phosphorylation, acetylation and methylation, varied for each toxicant and growth condition, suggesting that differentiation status can influence the epigenetic effects of CP and As exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yeon Kim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute of Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Susanna H Wegner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute of Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kirk P Van Ness
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute of Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Julie Juyoung Park
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute of Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sara E Pacheco
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute of Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tomomi Workman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute of Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute of Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - William Griffith
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute of Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Elaine M Faustman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute of Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, United States.
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49
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Dhoke NR, Kalabathula E, Kaushik K, Geesala R, Sravani B, Das A. Histone deacetylases differentially regulate the proliferative phenotype of mouse bone marrow stromal and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res 2016; 17:170-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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50
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Li D, Shi J, Du Y, Chen K, Liu Z, Li B, Li J, Tao F, Gu H, Jiang C, Fang J. Profiling Analysis of Histone Modifications and Gene Expression in Lewis Lung Carcinoma Murine Cells Resistant to Anti-VEGF Treatment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158214. [PMID: 27362259 PMCID: PMC4928805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells become resistant after long-term use of anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) agents. Our previous study shows that treatment with a VEGF inhibitor (VEGF-Trap) facilitates to develop tumor resistance through regulating angiogenesis-related genes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Histone modifications as a key epigenetic factor play a critical role in regulation of gene expression. Here, we explore the potential epigenetic gene regulatory functions of key histone modifications during tumor resistance in a mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell line. We generated high resolution genome-wide maps of key histone modifications in sensitive tumor sample (LLC-NR) and resistant tumor sample (LLC-R) after VEGF-Trap treatment. Profiling analysis of histone modifications shows that histone modification levels are effectively predictive for gene expression. Composition of promoters classified by histone modification state is different between LLC-NR and LLC-R cell lines regardless of CpG content. Histone modification state change between LLC-NR and LLC-R cell lines shows different patterns in CpG-rich and CpG-poor promoters. As a consequence, genes with different level of CpG content whose gene expression level are altered are enriched in distinct functions. Notably, histone modification state change in promoters of angiogenesis-related genes consists with their expression alteration. Taken together, our findings suggest that treatment with anti-VEGF therapy results in extensive histone modification state change in promoters with multiple functions, particularly, biological processes related to angiogenesis, likely contributing to tumor resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiejun Shi
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanhua Du
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kaiming Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhenping Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bing Li
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fei Tao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hua Gu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- * E-mail: (JF); (CJ)
| | - Jianmin Fang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- * E-mail: (JF); (CJ)
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