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Mertens J, De Lange WJ, Farrell ET, Harbaugh EC, Gauchan A, Fitzsimons DP, Moss RL, Ralphe JC. The W792R HCM missense mutation in the C6 domain of cardiac myosin binding protein-C increases contractility in neonatal mouse myocardium. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024:S0022-2828(24)00123-8. [PMID: 39059462 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Missense mutations in cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C) are known to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The W792R mutation in the C6 domain of cMyBP-C causes severe, early onset HCM in humans, yet its impact on the function of cMyBP-C and the mechanism through which it causes disease remain unknown. To fully characterize the effect of the W792R mutation on cardiac morphology and function in vivo, we generated a murine knock-in model. We crossed heterozygous W792RWR mice to produce homozygous mutant W792RRR, heterozygous W792RWR, and control W792RWW mice. W792RRR mice present with cardiac hypertrophy, myofibrillar disarray and fibrosis by postnatal day 10 (PND10), and do not survive past PND21. Full-length cMyBP-C is present at similar levels in W792RWW, W792RWR and W792RRR mice and is properly incorporated into the sarcomere. Heterozygous W792RWR mice displayed normal heart morphology and contractility. Permeabilized myocardium from PND10 W792RRR mice showed increased Ca2+ sensitivity, accelerated cross-bridge cycling kinetics, decreased cooperativity in the activation of force, and increased expression of hypertrophy-related genes. In silico modeling suggests that the W792R mutation destabilizes the fold of the C6 domain and increases torsion in the C5-C7 region, possibly impacting regulatory interactions of cMyBP-C with myosin and actin. Based on the data presented here, we propose a model in which mutant W792R cMyBP-C preferentially forms Ca2+ sensitizing interactions with actin, rather than inhibitory interactions with myosin. The W792R-cMyBP-C mouse model provides mechanistic insights into the pathology of this mutation and may provide a mechanism by which other central domain missense mutations in cMyBP-C may alter contractility, leading to HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Mertens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America; UW Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
| | - Willem J De Lange
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America; UW Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
| | - Emily T Farrell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America; UW Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
| | - Ella C Harbaugh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America; UW Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
| | - Angeela Gauchan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America; UW Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
| | - Daniel P Fitzsimons
- UW Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
| | - Richard L Moss
- UW Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
| | - J Carter Ralphe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America; UW Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America.
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Waddingham MT, Sequeira V, Kuster DWD, Dal Canto E, Handoko ML, de Man FS, da Silva Gonçalves Bós D, Ottenheijm CA, Shen S, van der Pijl RJ, van der Velden J, Paulus WJ, Eringa EC. Geranylgeranylacetone reduces cardiomyocyte stiffness and attenuates diastolic dysfunction in a rat model of cardiometabolic syndrome. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15788. [PMID: 37985159 PMCID: PMC10659935 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Titin-dependent stiffening of cardiomyocytes is a significant contributor to left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction in heart failure with preserved LV ejection fraction (HFpEF). Small heat shock proteins (HSPs), such as HSPB5 and HSPB1, protect titin and administration of HSPB5 in vitro lowers cardiomyocyte stiffness in pressure-overload hypertrophy. In humans, oral treatment with geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) increases myocardial HSP expression, but the functional implications are unknown. Our objective was to investigate whether oral GGA treatment lowers cardiomyocyte stiffness and attenuates LV diastolic dysfunction in a rat model of the cardiometabolic syndrome. Twenty-one-week-old male lean (n = 10) and obese (n = 20) ZSF1 rats were studied, and obese rats were randomized to receive GGA (200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Echocardiography and cardiac catheterization were performed before sacrifice at 25 weeks of age. Titin-based stiffness (Fpassive ) was determined by force measurements in relaxing solution with 100 nM [Ca2+ ] in permeabilized cardiomyocytes at sarcomere lengths (SL) ranging from 1.8 to 2.4 μm. In obese ZSF1 rats, GGA reduced isovolumic relaxation time of the LV without affecting blood pressure, EF or LV weight. In cardiomyocytes, GGA increased myofilament-bound HSPB5 and HSPB1 expression. Vehicle-treated obese rats exhibited higher cardiomyocyte stiffness at all SLs compared to lean rats, while GGA reduced stiffness at SL 2.0 μm. In obese ZSF1 rats, oral GGA treatment improves cardiomyocyte stiffness by increasing myofilament-bound HSPB1 and HSPB5. GGA could represent a potential novel therapy for the early stage of diastolic dysfunction in the cardiometabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T. Waddingham
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Cardiac PhysiologyNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuitaJapan
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Diederik W. D. Kuster
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Elisa Dal Canto
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - M. Louis Handoko
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Frances S. de Man
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Coen A. Ottenheijm
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Shengyi Shen
- Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | | | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Walter J. Paulus
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Etto C. Eringa
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Tudurachi BS, Zăvoi A, Leonte A, Țăpoi L, Ureche C, Bîrgoan SG, Chiuariu T, Anghel L, Radu R, Sascău RA, Stătescu C. An Update on MYBPC3 Gene Mutation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10510. [PMID: 37445689 PMCID: PMC10341819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent genetically inherited cardiomyopathy that follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The majority of HCM cases can be attributed to mutation of the MYBPC3 gene, which encodes cMyBP-C, a crucial structural protein of the cardiac muscle. The manifestation of HCM's morphological, histological, and clinical symptoms is subject to the complex interplay of various determinants, including genetic mutation and environmental factors. Approximately half of MYBPC3 mutations give rise to truncated protein products, while the remaining mutations cause insertion/deletion, frameshift, or missense mutations of single amino acids. In addition, the onset of HCM may be attributed to disturbances in the protein and transcript quality control systems, namely, the ubiquitin-proteasome system and nonsense-mediated RNA dysfunctions. The aforementioned genetic modifications, which appear to be associated with unfavorable lifelong outcomes and are largely influenced by the type of mutation, exhibit a unique array of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to arrhythmic syncope and even sudden cardiac death. Although the current understanding of the MYBPC3 mutation does not comprehensively explain the varied phenotypic manifestations witnessed in patients with HCM, patients with pathogenic MYBPC3 mutations can exhibit an array of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to advanced heart failure and sudden cardiac death, leading to a higher rate of adverse clinical outcomes. This review focuses on MYBPC3 mutation and its characteristics as a prognostic determinant for disease onset and related clinical consequences in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan-Sorin Tudurachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (L.Ț.); (C.U.); (L.A.); (R.R.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Alexandra Zăvoi
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Andreea Leonte
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Laura Țăpoi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (L.Ț.); (C.U.); (L.A.); (R.R.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Carina Ureche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (L.Ț.); (C.U.); (L.A.); (R.R.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Silviu Gabriel Bîrgoan
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Traian Chiuariu
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Larisa Anghel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (L.Ț.); (C.U.); (L.A.); (R.R.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Rodica Radu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (L.Ț.); (C.U.); (L.A.); (R.R.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Radu Andy Sascău
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (L.Ț.); (C.U.); (L.A.); (R.R.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
| | - Cristian Stătescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.-S.T.); (L.Ț.); (C.U.); (L.A.); (R.R.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Carol I Boulevard, No. 50, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (A.L.); (S.G.B.); (T.C.)
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Barefield DY, Alvarez-Arce A, Araujo KN. Mechanisms of Sarcomere Protein Mutation-Induced Cardiomyopathies. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:473-484. [PMID: 37060436 PMCID: PMC11141690 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The pace of identifying cardiomyopathy-associated mutations and advances in our understanding of sarcomere function that underlies many cardiomyopathies has been remarkable. Here, we aim to synthesize how these advances have led to the promising new treatments that are being developed to treat cardiomyopathies. RECENT FINDINGS The genomics era has identified and validated many genetic causes of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies. Recent advances in our mechanistic understanding of sarcomere pathophysiology include high-resolution molecular models of sarcomere components and the identification of the myosin super-relaxed state. The advances in our understanding of sarcomere function have yielded several therapeutic agents that are now in development and clinical use to correct contractile dysfunction-mediated cardiomyopathy. New genes linked to cardiomyopathy include targets with limited clinical evidence and require additional investigation. Large portions of cardiomyopathy with family history remain genetically undiagnosed and may be due to polygenic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Barefield
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
| | - Alejandro Alvarez-Arce
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Kelly N Araujo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
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Song T, Landim-Vieira M, Ozdemir M, Gott C, Kanisicak O, Pinto JR, Sadayappan S. Etiology of genetic muscle disorders induced by mutations in fast and slow skeletal MyBP-C paralogs. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:502-509. [PMID: 36854776 PMCID: PMC10073172 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, a highly complex muscle type in the eukaryotic system, is characterized by different muscle subtypes and functions associated with specific myosin isoforms. As a result, skeletal muscle is the target of numerous diseases, including distal arthrogryposes (DAs). Clinically, DAs are a distinct disorder characterized by variation in the presence of contractures in two or more distal limb joints without neurological issues. DAs are inherited, and up to 40% of patients with this condition have mutations in genes that encode sarcomeric protein, including myosin heavy chains, troponins, and tropomyosin, as well as myosin binding protein-C (MYBPC). Our research group and others are actively studying the specific role of MYBPC in skeletal muscles. The MYBPC family of proteins plays a critical role in the contraction of striated muscles. More specifically, three paralogs of the MYBPC gene exist, and these are named after their predominant expression in slow-skeletal, fast-skeletal, and cardiac muscle as sMyBP-C, fMyBP-C, and cMyBP-C, respectively, and encoded by the MYBPC1, MYBPC2, and MYBPC3 genes, respectively. Although the physiology of various types of skeletal muscle diseases is well defined, the molecular mechanism underlying the pathological regulation of DAs remains to be elucidated. In this review article, we aim to highlight recent discoveries involving the role of skeletal muscle-specific sMyBP-C and fMyBP-C as well as their expression profile, localization in the sarcomere, and potential role(s) in regulating muscle contractility. Thus, this review provides an overall summary of MYBPC skeletal paralogs, their potential roles in skeletal muscle function, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejeong Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Maicon Landim-Vieira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Mustafa Ozdemir
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Caroline Gott
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Onur Kanisicak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Jose Renato Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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Bazrafshan S, Sibilia R, Girgla S, Viswanathan SK, Puckelwartz MJ, Sangha KS, Singh RR, Kakroo M, Jandarov R, Harris DM, Rubinstein J, Becker RC, McNally EM, Sadayappan S. South Asian-Specific MYBPC3 Δ25bp Deletion Carriers Display Hypercontraction and Impaired Diastolic Function Under Exercise Stress. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:766339. [PMID: 35004883 PMCID: PMC8733148 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.766339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A 25-base pair (25bp) intronic deletion in the MYBPC3 gene enriched in South Asians (SAs) is a risk allele for late-onset left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, hypertrophy, and heart failure (HF) with several forms of cardiomyopathy. However, the effect of this variant on exercise parameters has not been evaluated. Methods: As a pilot study, 10 asymptomatic SA carriers of the MYBPC3 Δ25bp variant (52.9 ± 2.14 years) and 10 age- and gender-matched non-carriers (NCs) (50.1 ± 2.7 years) were evaluated at baseline and under exercise stress conditions using bicycle exercise echocardiography and continuous cardiac monitoring. Results: Baseline echocardiography parameters were not different between the two groups. However, in response to exercise stress, the carriers of Δ25bp had significantly higher LV ejection fraction (%) (CI: 4.57 ± 1.93; p < 0.0001), LV outflow tract peak velocity (m/s) (CI: 0.19 ± 0.07; p < 0.0001), and higher aortic valve (AV) peak velocity (m/s) (CI: 0.103 ± 0.08; p = 0.01) in comparison to NCs, and E/A ratio, a marker of diastolic compliance, was significantly lower in Δ25bp carriers (CI: 0.107 ± 0.102; p = 0.038). Interestingly, LV end-diastolic diameter (LVIDdia) was augmented in NCs in response to stress, while it did not increase in Δ25bp carriers (CI: 0.239 ± 0.125; p = 0.0002). Further, stress-induced right ventricular systolic excursion velocity s' (m/s), as a marker of right ventricle function, increased similarly in both groups, but tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion increased more in carriers (slope: 0.008; p = 0.0001), suggesting right ventricle functional differences between the two groups. Conclusions: These data support that MYBPC3 Δ25bp is associated with LV hypercontraction under stress conditions with evidence of diastolic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sholeh Bazrafshan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Robert Sibilia
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Saavia Girgla
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shiv Kumar Viswanathan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Megan J. Puckelwartz
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kiranpal S. Sangha
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rohit R. Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Mashhood Kakroo
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Roman Jandarov
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - David M. Harris
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Richard C. Becker
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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7
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Schwäbe FV, Peter EK, Taft MH, Manstein DJ. Assessment of the Contribution of a Thermodynamic and Mechanical Destabilization of Myosin-Binding Protein C Domain C2 to the Pathomechanism of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Causing Double Mutation MYBPC3Δ25bp/D389V. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111949. [PMID: 34769381 PMCID: PMC8584774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (MyBPC), a thick filament assembly protein that stabilizes sarcomeric structure and regulates cardiac function, are a common cause for the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. About 10% of carriers of the Δ25bp variant of MYBPC3, which is common in individuals from South Asia, are also carriers of the D389V variant on the same allele. Compared with noncarriers and those with MYBPC3Δ25bp alone, indicators for the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occur with increased frequency in MYBPC3Δ25bp/D389V carriers. Residue D389 lies in the IgI-like C2 domain that is part of the N-terminal region of MyBPC. To probe the effects of mutation D389V on structure, thermostability, and protein–protein interactions, we produced and characterized wild-type and mutant constructs corresponding to the isolated 10 kDa C2 domain and a 52 kDa N-terminal fragment that includes subdomains C0 to C2. Our results show marked reductions in the melting temperatures of D389V mutant constructs. Interactions of construct C0–C2 D389V with the cardiac isoforms of myosin-2 and actin remain unchanged. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal changes in the stiffness and conformer dynamics of domain C2 caused by mutation D389V. Our results suggest a pathomechanism for the development of HCM based on the toxic buildup of misfolded protein in young MYBPC3Δ25bp/D389V carriers that is supplanted and enhanced by C-zone haploinsufficiency at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic V. Schwäbe
- Fritz Hartmann Centre for Medical Research, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.V.S.); (E.K.P.); (M.H.T.)
| | - Emanuel K. Peter
- Fritz Hartmann Centre for Medical Research, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.V.S.); (E.K.P.); (M.H.T.)
| | - Manuel H. Taft
- Fritz Hartmann Centre for Medical Research, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.V.S.); (E.K.P.); (M.H.T.)
| | - Dietmar J. Manstein
- Fritz Hartmann Centre for Medical Research, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.V.S.); (E.K.P.); (M.H.T.)
- Division for Structural Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Arif M, Nabavizadeh P, Song T, Desai D, Singh R, Bazrafshan S, Kumar M, Wang Y, Gilbert RJ, Dhandapany PS, Becker RC, Kranias EG, Sadayappan S. Genetic, clinical, molecular, and pathogenic aspects of the South Asian-specific polymorphic MYBPC3 Δ25bp variant. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:1065-1084. [PMID: 32656747 PMCID: PMC7429610 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiac genetic disease characterized by ventricular enlargement, diastolic dysfunction, and increased risk for sudden cardiac death. Sarcomeric genetic defects are the predominant known cause of HCM. In particular, mutations in the myosin-binding protein C gene (MYBPC3) are associated with ~ 40% of all HCM cases in which a genetic basis has been established. A decade ago, our group reported a 25-base pair deletion in intron 32 of MYBPC3 (MYBPC3Δ25bp) that is uniquely prevalent in South Asians and is associated with autosomal dominant cardiomyopathy. Although our studies suggest that this deletion results in left ventricular dysfunction, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure, the precise mechanism by which this variant predisposes to heart disease remains unclear. Increasingly appreciated, however, is the contribution of secondary risk factors, additional mutations, and lifestyle choices in augmenting or modifying the HCM phenotype in MYBPC3Δ25bp carriers. Therefore, the goal of this review article is to summarize the current research dedicated to understanding the molecular pathophysiology of HCM in South Asians with the MYBPC3Δ25bp variant. An emphasis is to review the latest techniques currently applied to explore the MYBPC3Δ25bp pathogenesis and to provide a foundation for developing new diagnostic strategies and advances in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Arif
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA.
| | - Pooneh Nabavizadeh
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Taejeong Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Darshini Desai
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Rohit Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Sholeh Bazrafshan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Richard J Gilbert
- Research Service, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
| | - Perundurai S Dhandapany
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Richard C Becker
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
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9
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Kuster DWD, Lynch TL, Barefield DY, Sivaguru M, Kuffel G, Zilliox MJ, Lee KH, Craig R, Namakkal-Soorappan R, Sadayappan S. Altered C10 domain in cardiac myosin binding protein-C results in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1986-1997. [PMID: 31050699 PMCID: PMC6872972 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS A 25-base pair deletion in the cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) gene (MYBPC3), proposed to skip exon 33, modifies the C10 domain (cMyBP-CΔC10mut) and is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and heart failure, affecting approximately 100 million South Asians. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of cMyBP-CΔC10mutin vivo are unknown. We hypothesized that expression of cMyBP-CΔC10mut exerts a poison polypeptide effect leading to improper assembly of cardiac sarcomeres and the development of HCM. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine whether expression of cMyBP-CΔC10mut is sufficient to cause HCM and contractile dysfunction in vivo, we generated transgenic (TG) mice having cardiac-specific protein expression of cMyBP-CΔC10mut at approximately half the level of endogenous cMyBP-C. At 12 weeks of age, significant hypertrophy was observed in TG mice expressing cMyBP-CΔC10mut (heart weight/body weight ratio: 4.43 ± 0.11 mg/g non-transgenic (NTG) vs. 5.34 ± 0.25 mg/g cMyBP-CΔC10mut, P < 0.05). Furthermore, haematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome staining, as well as second-harmonic generation imaging revealed the presence of significant fibrosis and a greater relative nuclear area in cMyBP-CΔC10mut hearts compared with NTG controls. M-mode echocardiography analysis revealed hypercontractile hearts (EF: 53.4%±2.9% NTG vs. 66.4% ± 4.7% cMyBP-CΔC10mut; P < 0.05) and early diastolic dysfunction (E/E': 28.7 ± 3.7 NTG vs. 46.3 ± 8.4 cMyBP-CΔC10mut; P < 0.05), indicating the presence of an HCM phenotype. To assess whether these changes manifested at the myofilament level, contractile function of single skinned cardiomyocytes was measured. Preserved maximum force generation and increased Ca2+-sensitivity of force generation were observed in cardiomyocytes from cMyBP-CΔC10mut mice compared with NTG controls (EC50: 3.6 ± 0.02 µM NTG vs. 2.90 ± 0.01 µM cMyBP-CΔC10mut; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Expression of cMyBP-C protein with a modified C10 domain is sufficient to cause contractile dysfunction and HCM in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Signaling
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/physiopathology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Myocardial Contraction
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Protein Domains
- Sarcomeres/genetics
- Sarcomeres/metabolism
- Sarcomeres/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Diederik W D Kuster
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas L Lynch
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - David Y Barefield
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mayandi Sivaguru
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Gina Kuffel
- Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | - Kyoung Hwan Lee
- Division of Cell Biology and Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Roger Craig
- Division of Cell Biology and Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rajasekaran Namakkal-Soorappan
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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10
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Choi YJ, Kim HK, Lee SC, Park JB, Moon I, Park J, Kim YJ, Sohn DW, Ommen S. Validation of the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy risk-sudden cardiac death calculator in Asians. Heart 2019; 105:1892-1897. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) risk-sudden cardiac death (SCD) calculator endorsed by the 2014 European Society of Cardiology has not been independently validated in the Asians. We aimed to investigate whether the HCM Risk-SCD calculator effectively predicts SCD in Korean HCM population.MethodsAn observational, longitudinal cohort study was performed in 730 patients with HCM from 2007 to 2017. The primary endpoint was a composite of SCD and appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy.ResultsDuring a follow-up period of 4288 person-years, 16 (2.2%) patients reached the primary endpoint. This validation study revealed a calibration slope of 0.892 and C-statistics of 0.718. The primary endpoint occurred in 1.1% (7/615), 4.6% (3/65) and 12.0% (6/50) of low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk groups, respectively. Although most patients (85.2%) without the primary endpoint were classified into the low-risk group, 7 of 11 SCD (63.6%) occurred in the low-risk group. In univariable and multivariable analysis, sex (woman) was significantly associated with the primary endpoint and emerged as independent predictor. The addition of sex to the HCM Risk-SCD calculator significantly improved the predictive value of the primary endpoint (net reclassification improvement 0.557, p=0.015).ConclusionsIn the Korean HCM population, the HCM Risk-SCD calculator had a high negative predictive value and accuracy for predicting SCD or appropriate ICD therapy, but misclassified a few patients experiencing the primary endpoint as low-risk or intermediate-risk groups.
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11
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Whole-exome sequencing reveals doubly novel heterozygous Myosin Binding Protein C and Titin mutations in a Chinese patient with severe dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiol Young 2018; 28:1410-1414. [PMID: 30109841 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951118001403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated Cardiomyopathy is a serious heart disorder that may induce sudden cardiac death and heart failure. Significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of dilated cardiomyopathy. In previous studies, mutations in more than fifty genes have been identified in dilated cardiomyopathy patients. The purpose of this study was to detect the genetic lesion in a family from the central south of China affected by severe dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing combined with cardiomyopathy-related genes list were used to analyse the mutations of the proband. Co-segregation analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing.Results and conclusionsTwo novel heterozygous mutations - Myosin Binding Protein C: p.L1014RfsX6 and Titin: p.R9793X - were identified in the proband. The deletion mutation c.3041delT/p.L1014RfsX6 caused a premature stop codon at position 1020 in exon 28 of the Myosin Binding Protein C. The nonsense mutation, c.29377 C>T/ p. R9793X, of Titin was located in the highly evolutionarily conserved domain, resulting in truncation of the Titin protein as well. Co-segregation analysis further revealed that the Myosin Binding Protein C mutation came from his mother and the Titin mutation came from his father. Both mutations are reported in dilated cardiomyopathy patients for the first time. Our study not only provides a unique example of the genes and molecular mechanisms involved in dilated cardiomyopathy but also expands the spectrum of Myosin Binding Protein C and Titin mutations and contributes to the genetic diagnosis and counselling of dilated cardiomyopathy patients.
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12
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Stanczyk PJ, Seidel M, White J, Viero C, George CH, Zissimopoulos S, Lai FA. Association of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C with the ryanodine receptor channel - putative retrograde regulation? J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.210443. [PMID: 29930088 PMCID: PMC6104826 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.210443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac muscle ryanodine receptor-Ca2+ release channel (RyR2) constitutes the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ efflux mechanism that initiates myocyte contraction, while cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C; also known as MYBPC3) mediates regulation of acto-myosin cross-bridge cycling. In this paper, we provide the first evidence for the presence of direct interaction between these two proteins, forming a RyR2-cMyBP-C complex. The C-terminus of cMyBP-C binds with the RyR2 N-terminus in mammalian cells and the interaction is not mediated by a fibronectin-like domain. Notably, we detected complex formation between both recombinant cMyBP-C and RyR2, as well as between the native proteins in cardiac tissue. Cellular Ca2+ dynamics in HEK293 cells is altered upon co-expression of cMyBP-C and RyR2, with lowered frequency of RyR2-mediated spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations, suggesting that cMyBP-C exerts a potential inhibitory effect on RyR2-dependent Ca2+ release. Discovery of a functional RyR2 association with cMyBP-C provides direct evidence for a putative mechanistic link between cytosolic soluble cMyBP-C and SR-mediated Ca2+ release, via RyR2. Importantly, this interaction may have clinical relevance to the observed cMyBP-C and RyR2 dysfunction in cardiac pathologies, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina J Stanczyk
- Sir Geraint Evans Wales Heart Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Monika Seidel
- Sir Geraint Evans Wales Heart Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Judith White
- Sir Geraint Evans Wales Heart Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Cedric Viero
- Sir Geraint Evans Wales Heart Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical School, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christopher H George
- Sir Geraint Evans Wales Heart Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Spyros Zissimopoulos
- Sir Geraint Evans Wales Heart Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK .,Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - F Anthony Lai
- Sir Geraint Evans Wales Heart Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK .,School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.,College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2013, Doha, Qatar
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13
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Smelter DF, de Lange WJ, Cai W, Ge Y, Ralphe JC. The HCM-linked W792R mutation in cardiac myosin-binding protein C reduces C6 FnIII domain stability. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H1179-H1191. [PMID: 29451820 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00686.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) is a functional sarcomeric protein that regulates contractility in response to contractile demand, and many mutations in cMyBP-C lead to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). To gain insight into the effects of disease-causing cMyBP-C missense mutations on contractile function, we expressed the pathogenic W792R mutation (substitution of a highly conserved tryptophan residue by an arginine residue at position 792) in mouse cardiomyocytes lacking endogenous cMyBP-C and studied the functional effects using three-dimensional engineered cardiac tissue constructs (mECTs). Based on complete conservation of tryptophan at this location in fibronectin type II (FnIII) domains, we hypothesized that the W792R mutation affects folding of the C6 FnIII domain, destabilizing the mutant protein. Adenoviral transduction of wild-type (WT) and W792R cDNA achieved equivalent mRNA transcript abundance, but not equivalent protein levels, with W792R compared with WT controls. mECTs expressing W792R demonstrated abnormal contractile kinetics compared with WT mECTs that were nearly identical to cMyBP-C-deficient mECTs. We studied whether common pathways of protein degradation were responsible for the rapid degradation of W792R cMyBP-C. Inhibition of both ubiquitin-proteasome and lysosomal degradation pathways failed to increase full-length mutant protein abundance to WT equivalence, suggesting rapid cytosolic degradation. Bacterial expression of WT and W792R protein fragments demonstrated decreased mutant stability with altered thermal denaturation and increased susceptibility to trypsin digestion. These data suggest that the W792R mutation destabilizes the C6 FnIII domain of cMyBP-C, resulting in decreased full-length protein expression. This study highlights the vulnerability of FnIII-like domains to mutations that alter domain stability and further indicates that missense mutations in cMyBP-C can cause disease through a mechanism of haploinsufficiency. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is one of the first to describe a disease mechanism for a missense mutation in cardiac myosin-binding protein C linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The mutation decreases stability of the fibronectin type III domain and results in substantially reduced mutant protein expression dissonant to transcript abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan F Smelter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Willem J de Lange
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wenxuan Cai
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.,Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.,Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - J Carter Ralphe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
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14
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Lin BL, Li A, Mun JY, Previs MJ, Previs SB, Campbell SG, Dos Remedios CG, Tombe PDP, Craig R, Warshaw DM, Sadayappan S. Skeletal myosin binding protein-C isoforms regulate thin filament activity in a Ca 2+-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2604. [PMID: 29422607 PMCID: PMC5805719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle contraction, which is initiated by Ca2+, results in precise sliding of myosin-based thick and actin-based thin filament contractile proteins. The interactions between myosin and actin are finely tuned by three isoforms of myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C): slow-skeletal, fast-skeletal, and cardiac (ssMyBP-C, fsMyBP-C and cMyBP-C, respectively), each with distinct N-terminal regulatory regions. The skeletal MyBP-C isoforms are conditionally coexpressed in cardiac muscle, but little is known about their function. Therefore, to characterize the functional differences and regulatory mechanisms among these three isoforms, we expressed recombinant N-terminal fragments and examined their effect on contractile properties in biophysical assays. Addition of the fragments to in vitro motility assays demonstrated that ssMyBP-C and cMyBP-C activate thin filament sliding at low Ca2+. Corresponding 3D electron microscopy reconstructions of native thin filaments suggest that graded shifts of tropomyosin on actin are responsible for this activation (cardiac > slow-skeletal > fast-skeletal). Conversely, at higher Ca2+, addition of fsMyBP-C and cMyBP-C fragments reduced sliding velocities in the in vitro motility assays and increased force production in cardiac muscle fibers. We conclude that due to the high frequency of Ca2+ cycling in cardiac muscle, cardiac MyBP-C may play dual roles at both low and high Ca2+. However, skeletal MyBP-C isoforms may be tuned to meet the needs of specific skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Leei Lin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- Bosch Institute, Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Dong-gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Michael J Previs
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Samantha Beck Previs
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Cristobal G Dos Remedios
- Bosch Institute, Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Pieter de P Tombe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Roger Craig
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - David M Warshaw
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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15
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Calcium-Dependent Interaction Occurs between Slow Skeletal Myosin Binding Protein C and Calmodulin. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry4010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Rajtik T, Goncalvesova E, Varga ZV, Leszek P, Kusmierczyk M, Hulman M, Kyselovic J, Ferdinandy P, Adameova A. Posttranslational modifications of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ and its downstream signaling in human failing hearts. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:3573-3585. [PMID: 28861149 PMCID: PMC5575172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In human failing hearts (HF) of different origin (coronary artery disease-CAD, dilated-DCM, restrictive and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-OTHER), we investigated the active forms of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ (p-Thr287-CaMKIIδ, oxMet281/282-CaMKIIδ) and their role in phenotypes of the disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Although basic diagnostic and clinical markers indicating the attenuated cardiac contractility and remodeling were comparable in HF groups, CaMKIIδ-mediated axis was different. P-Thr287-CaMKIIδ was unaltered in CAD group, whereas it was upregulated in non-ischemic cardiomyopathic groups. No correlation between the upregulated p-Thr287-CaMKIIδ and QT interval prolongation was detected. Unlike in DCM, oxMet281/282-CaMKIIδ did not differ among HF groups. Independently of CaMKIIδ phosphorylation/oxidation, activation of its downstreams-phospholamban and cardiac myosin binding protein-C was significantly downregulated supporting both diminished cardiac lusitropy and inotropy in all hearts. Content of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a in all HF was unchanged. Protein phosphatase1β was upregulated in CAD and DCM only, while 2A did not differ among groups. CONCLUSION This is the first demonstration that the posttranslational activation of CaMKIIδ differs in HF depending on etiology. Lower levels of downstream molecular targets of CaMKIIδ do not correlate with either activation of CaMKIIδ or the expression of major protein phosphatases in the HF. Thus, it is unlikely that these mechanisms exclusively underlie failing of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Rajtik
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius UniversityBratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Goncalvesova
- Department of Heart Failure & Transplantation, The National Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesBratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zoltan V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Michal Hulman
- Clinic of Heart Surgery, The National Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesBratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Kyselovic
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius UniversityBratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary
| | - Adriana Adameova
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius UniversityBratislava, Slovak Republic
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17
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Barefield DY, Puckelwartz MJ, Kim EY, Wilsbacher LD, Vo AH, Waters EA, Earley JU, Hadhazy M, Dellefave-Castillo L, Pesce LL, McNally EM. Experimental Modeling Supports a Role for MyBP-HL as a Novel Myofilament Component in Arrhythmia and Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2017; 136:1477-1491. [PMID: 28778945 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.028585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias are under significant genetic influence. Here, we studied a family with dilated cardiomyopathy and associated conduction system disease in whom prior clinical cardiac gene panel testing was unrevealing. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing and induced pluripotent stem cells were used to examine a family with dilated cardiomyopathy and atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. We also characterized a mouse model with heterozygous and homozygous deletion of Mybphl. RESULTS Whole-genome sequencing identified a premature stop codon, R255X, in the MYBPHL gene encoding MyBP-HL (myosin-binding protein-H like), a novel member of the myosin-binding protein family. MYBPHL was found to have high atrial expression with low ventricular expression. We determined that MyBP-HL protein was myofilament associated in the atria, and truncated MyBP-HL protein failed to incorporate into the myofilament. Human cell modeling demonstrated reduced expression from the mutant MYBPHL allele. Echocardiography of Mybphl heterozygous and null mouse hearts exhibited a 36% reduction in fractional shortening and an increased diastolic ventricular chamber size. Atria weight normalized to total heart weight was significantly increased in Mybphl heterozygous and null mice. Using a reporter system, we detected robust expression of Mybphl in the atria, and in discrete puncta throughout the right ventricular wall and septum, as well. Telemetric electrocardiogram recordings in Mybphl mice revealed cardiac conduction system abnormalities with aberrant atrioventricular conduction and an increased rate of arrhythmia in heterozygous and null mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings of reduced ventricular function and conduction system defects in Mybphl mice support that MYBPHL truncations may increase risk for human arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Barefield
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Megan J Puckelwartz
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Ellis Y Kim
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Lisa D Wilsbacher
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Andy H Vo
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Emily A Waters
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Judy U Earley
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Michele Hadhazy
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Lisa Dellefave-Castillo
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Lorenzo L Pesce
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.)
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (D.Y.B., M.J.P., J.U.E., M.H., L.D.-C., E.M.M.); Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (E.Y.K.); Feinberg Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.D.W.); Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL (A.H.V.); Northwestern University Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Evanston, IL (E.A.W.); and Computation Institute, University of Chicago, IL (L.L.P.).
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Abstract
Striated cardiac and skeletal muscles play very different roles in the body, but they are similar at the molecular level. In particular, contraction, regardless of the type of muscle, is a precise and complex process involving the integral protein myofilaments and their associated regulatory components. The smallest functional unit of muscle contraction is the sarcomere. Within the sarcomere can be found a sophisticated ensemble of proteins associated with the thick filaments (myosin, myosin binding protein-C, titin, and obscurin) and thin myofilaments (actin, troponin, tropomyosin, nebulin, and nebulette). These parallel thick and thin filaments slide across one another, pulling the two ends of the sarcomere together to regulate contraction. More specifically, the regulation of both timing and force of contraction is accomplished through an intricate network of intra- and interfilament interactions belonging to each myofilament. This review introduces the sarcomere proteins involved in striated muscle contraction and places greater emphasis on the more recently identified and less well-characterized myofilaments: cardiac myosin binding protein-C, titin, nebulin, and obscurin. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:675-692, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Leei Lin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Taejeong Song
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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19
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Kraker J, Viswanathan SK, Knöll R, Sadayappan S. Recent Advances in the Molecular Genetics of Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in South Asian Descendants. Front Physiol 2016; 7:499. [PMID: 27840609 PMCID: PMC5083855 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The South Asian population, numbered at 1.8 billion, is estimated to comprise around 20% of the global population and 1% of the American population, and has one of the highest rates of cardiovascular disease. While South Asians show increased classical risk factors for developing heart failure, the role of population-specific genetic risk factors has not yet been examined for this group. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the major cardiac genetic disorders among South Asians, leading to contractile dysfunction, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. This disease displays autosomal dominant inheritance, and it is associated with a large number of variants in both sarcomeric and non-sarcomeric proteins. The South Asians, a population with large ethnic diversity, potentially carries region-specific polymorphisms. There is high variability in disease penetrance and phenotypic expression of variants associated with HCM. Thus, extensive studies are required to decipher pathogenicity and the physiological mechanisms of these variants, as well as the contribution of modifier genes and environmental factors to disease phenotypes. Conducting genotype-phenotype correlation studies will lead to improved understanding of HCM and, consequently, improved treatment options for this high-risk population. The objective of this review is to report the history of cardiovascular disease and HCM in South Asians, present previously published pathogenic variants, and introduce current efforts to study HCM using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, next-generation sequencing, and gene editing technologies. The authors ultimately hope that this review will stimulate further research, drive novel discoveries, and contribute to the development of personalized medicine with the aim of expanding therapeutic strategies for HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kraker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Shiv Kumar Viswanathan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ralph Knöll
- AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases iMedMölndal, Sweden; Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Myocardial Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital in HuddingeHuddinge, Sweden
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH, USA
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20
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Deslouches B, Hasek ML, Craigo JK, Steckbeck JD, Montelaro RC. Comparative functional properties of engineered cationic antimicrobial peptides consisting exclusively of tryptophan and either lysine or arginine. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:554-565. [PMID: 27046192 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a series of de novo engineered cationic antibiotic peptides (eCAPs) consisting exclusively of arginine and tryptophan (WR) that display potent activity against diverse multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. In this study, we sought to examine the influence of arginine compared to lysine on antibacterial properties by direct comparison of the WR peptides (8-18 residues) with a parallel series of engineered peptides containing only lysine and tryptophan. WR and WK series were compared for antibacterial activity by bacterial killing and growth inhibition assays and for mechanism of peptide-bacteria interactions by surface plasmon resonance and flow cytometry. Mammalian cytotoxicity was also assessed by flow cytometry, haemolytic and tetrazolium-based assays. The shortest arginine-containing peptides (8 and 10 mers) displayed a statistically significant increase in activity compared to the analogous lysine-containing peptides. The WR and WK peptides achieved maximum antibacterial activity at the 12-mer peptide (WK12 or WR12). Further examination of antibacterial mechanisms of the optimally active 12-mer peptides using surface plasmon resonance and flow cytometry demonstrates stronger interactions with Pseudomonasaeruginosa, greater membrane permeabilizing activity, and lower inhibitory effects of divalent cations on activity and membrane permeabilization properties of WR12 compared to WK12 (P < 0.05). Importantly, WK12 and WR12 displayed similar negligible haemolytic and cytotoxic effects at peptide concentrations up to ten times the MIC or 20 times the minimum bactericidal concentration. Thus, arginine, compared to lysine, can indeed yield enhanced antibacterial activity to minimize the required length to achieve functional antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthony Deslouches
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary L Hasek
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jodi K Craigo
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Steckbeck
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald C Montelaro
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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21
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Development of a Comprehensive Sequencing Assay for Inherited Cardiac Condition Genes. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:3-11. [PMID: 26888179 PMCID: PMC4767849 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inherited cardiac conditions (ICCs) are characterised by marked genetic and allelic heterogeneity and require extensive sequencing for genetic characterisation. We iteratively optimised a targeted gene capture panel for ICCs that includes disease-causing, putatively pathogenic, research and phenocopy genes (n = 174 genes). We achieved high coverage of the target region on both MiSeq (>99.8 % at ≥20× read depth, n = 12) and NextSeq (>99.9 % at ≥20×, n = 48) platforms with 100 % sensitivity and precision for single nucleotide variants and indels across the protein-coding target on the MiSeq. In the final assay, 40 out of 43 established ICC genes informative in clinical practice achieved complete coverage (100 % at ≥20×). By comparison, whole exome sequencing (WES; ∼80×), deep WES (∼500×) and whole genome sequencing (WGS; ∼70×) had poorer performance (88.1, 99.2 and 99.3 % respectively at ≥20×) across the ICC target. The assay described here delivers highly accurate and affordable sequencing of ICC genes, complemented by accessible cloud-based computation and informatics. See Editorial in this issue (DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9667-8).
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