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Wang C, Zhang W, Xu L, Tu J, Su S, Li Q, Zhang T, Zheng L, Wang H, Zhuang X, Tang X, Yuan Y, Meng G, Lu L, Xiao J, Wang Q, Jiang S. Discovery of a Double-Stapled Short Peptide as a Long-Acting HIV-1 Inactivator with Potential for Oral Bioavailability. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9991-10004. [PMID: 38888038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Different from most antiretroviral drugs that act as passive defenders to inhibit HIV-1 replication inside the host cell, virus inactivators can attack and inactivate HIV-1 virions without relying on their replication cycle. Herein, we describe the discovery of a hydrocarbon double-stapled helix peptide, termed D26. D26 is based on the HIV-1 gp41 protein lentiviral lytic peptide-3 motif (LLP3) sequence, which can efficiently inhibit HIV-1 infection and inactivate cell-free HIV-1 virions. It was noted that D26 was highly resistant to proteolytic degradation and exhibited a remarkably extended in vivo elimination half-life. Additionally, relative to its linear, nonstapled version, D26 exhibited much higher exposure in sanctuary sites for HIV-1. Amazingly, this lead compound also demonstrated detectable oral absorption. Thus, it can be concluded that D26 is a promising candidate for further development as a long-acting, orally applicable HIV-1 inactivator for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiahuang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shan Su
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Longbo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design & Discovery of the Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Chengdu Sintanovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Chengdu Sintanovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Guangpeng Meng
- Chengdu Sintanovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junhai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Pradhan S, Swanson CJ, Leff C, Tengganu I, Bergeman MH, Wisna GBM, Hogue IB, Hariadi RF. Viral Attachment Blocking Chimera Composed of DNA Origami and Nanobody Inhibits Pseudorabies Virus Infection In Vitro. ACS NANO 2023; 17:23317-23330. [PMID: 37982733 PMCID: PMC10787579 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Antivirals are indispensable tools that can be targeted at viral domains directly or at cellular domains indirectly to obstruct viral infections and reduce pathogenicity. Despite their transformative use in healthcare, antivirals have been clinically approved to treat only 10 of the more than 200 known pathogenic human viruses. Additionally, many virus functions are intimately coupled with host cellular processes, which presents challenges in antiviral development due to the limited number of clear targets per virus, necessitating extensive insight into these molecular processes. Compounding this challenge, many viral pathogens have evolved to evade effective antivirals. We hypothesize that a viral attachment blocking chimera (VirABloC) composed of a viral binder and a bulky scaffold that sterically blocks interactions between a viral particle and a host cell may be suitable for the development of antivirals that are agnostic to the extravirion epitope that is being bound. We test this hypothesis by modifying a nanobody that specifically recognizes a nonessential epitope presented on the extravirion surface of pseudorabies virus strain 486 with a 3-dimensional wireframe DNA origami structure ∼100 nm in diameter. The nanobody switches from having no inhibitory properties to 4.2 ± 0.9 nM IC50 when conjugated with the DNA origami scaffold. Mechanistic studies support that inhibition is mediated by the noncovalent attachment of the DNA origami scaffold to the virus particle, which obstructs the attachment of the viruses onto host cells. These results support the potential of VirABloC as a generalizable approach to developing antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swechchha Pradhan
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Carter J Swanson
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Chloe Leff
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Isadonna Tengganu
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Melissa H Bergeman
- School of Life Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Gde B M Wisna
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Ian B Hogue
- School of Life Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Rizal F Hariadi
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
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3
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Zeng L, Li J, Lv M, Li Z, Yao L, Gao J, Wu Q, Wang Z, Yang X, Tang G, Qu G, Jiang G. Environmental Stability and Transmissibility of Enveloped Viruses at Varied Animate and Inanimate Interfaces. ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 1:15-31. [PMID: 37552709 PMCID: PMC10255587 DOI: 10.1021/envhealth.3c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Enveloped viruses have been the leading causative agents of viral epidemics in the past decade, including the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. In epidemics caused by enveloped viruses, direct contact is a common route of infection, while indirect transmissions through the environment also contribute to the spread of the disease, although their significance remains controversial. Bridging the knowledge gap regarding the influence of interfacial interactions on the persistence of enveloped viruses in the environment reveals the transmission mechanisms when the virus undergoes mutations and prevents excessive disinfection during viral epidemics. Herein, from the perspective of the driving force, partition efficiency, and viral survivability at interfaces, we summarize the viral and environmental characteristics that affect the environmental transmission of viruses. We expect to provide insights for virus detection, environmental surveillance, and disinfection to limit the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junya Li
- College of Sciences, Northeastern
University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Meilin Lv
- College of Sciences, Northeastern
University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zikang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linlin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ziniu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Institute of Environment and Health,
Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056,
China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and
Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute
for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Nangarlia A, Hassen FF, Canziani G, Bandi P, Talukder C, Zhang F, Krauth D, Gary EN, Weiner DB, Bieniasz P, Navas-Martin S, O'Keefe BR, Ang CG, Chaiken I. Irreversible Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Lectin Engagement with Two Glycan Clusters on the Spike Protein. Biochemistry 2023; 62:2115-2127. [PMID: 37341186 PMCID: PMC10663058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Host cell infection by SARS-CoV-2, similar to that by HIV-1, is driven by a conformationally metastable and highly glycosylated surface entry protein complex, and infection by these viruses has been shown to be inhibited by the mannose-specific lectins cyanovirin-N (CV-N) and griffithsin (GRFT). We discovered in this study that CV-N not only inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection but also leads to irreversibly inactivated pseudovirus particles. The irreversibility effect was revealed by the observation that pseudoviruses first treated with CV-N and then washed to remove all soluble lectin did not recover infectivity. The infection inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus mutants with single-site glycan mutations in spike suggested that two glycan clusters in S1 are important for both CV-N and GRFT inhibition: one cluster associated with the RBD (receptor binding domain) and the second with the S1/S2 cleavage site. We observed lectin antiviral effects with several SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus variants, including the recently emerged omicron, as well as a fully infectious coronavirus, therein reflecting the breadth of lectin antiviral function and the potential for pan-coronavirus inactivation. Mechanistically, observations made in this work indicate that multivalent lectin interaction with S1 glycans is likely a driver of the lectin infection inhibition and irreversible inactivation effect and suggest the possibility that lectin inactivation is caused by an irreversible conformational effect on spike. Overall, lectins' irreversible inactivation of SARS-CoV-2, taken with their breadth of function, reflects the therapeutic potential of multivalent lectins targeting the vulnerable metastable spike before host cell encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakansha Nangarlia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Farah Fazloon Hassen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Gabriela Canziani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Praneeta Bandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Choya Talukder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Fengwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Douglas Krauth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Ebony N Gary
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David B Weiner
- The Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Paul Bieniasz
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Sonia Navas-Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology & Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Disease, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Barry R O'Keefe
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Charles G Ang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Irwin Chaiken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
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5
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Mbatha LS, Akinyelu J, Chukwuma CI, Mokoena MP, Kudanga T. Current Trends and Prospects for Application of Green Synthesized Metal Nanoparticles in Cancer and COVID-19 Therapies. Viruses 2023; 15:741. [PMID: 36992450 PMCID: PMC10054370 DOI: 10.3390/v15030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and COVID-19 have been deemed as world health concerns due to the millions of lives that they have claimed over the years. Extensive efforts have been made to develop sophisticated, site-specific, and safe strategies that can effectively diagnose, prevent, manage, and treat these diseases. These strategies involve the implementation of metal nanoparticles and metal oxides such as gold, silver, iron oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, and copper oxide, formulated through nanotechnology as alternative anticancer or antiviral therapeutics or drug delivery systems. This review provides a perspective on metal nanoparticles and their potential application in cancer and COVID-19 treatments. The data of published studies were critically analysed to expose the potential therapeutic relevance of green synthesized metal nanoparticles in cancer and COVID-19. Although various research reports highlight the great potential of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles as alternative nanotherapeutics, issues of nanotoxicity, complex methods of preparation, biodegradability, and clearance are lingering challenges for the successful clinical application of the NPs. Thus, future innovations include fabricating metal nanoparticles with eco-friendly materials, tailor making them with optimal therapeutics for specific disease targeting, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of safety, therapeutic efficiency, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Londiwe Simphiwe Mbatha
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Jude Akinyelu
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Private Mail Bag 373, Ekiti State 370111, Nigeria
| | - Chika Ifeanyi Chukwuma
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Mduduzi Paul Mokoena
- Department of Pathology, Pre-Clinical Sciences Division, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
| | - Tukayi Kudanga
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Behzad F, Kalyani FN, Samadi A, Adabi M. A promising treatment for HIV-1 using biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Synthesis of Gold-PVP Nanostructured Composites by Microplasma: A Test to Study Their Inhibiting Tendency of Avian Influenza Virus Activity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gold–polymer nanostructured composites have a great potential in the biomedical and advanced materials field as an antimicrobial agent against various pathogens, especially viruses. In the present work, gold and gold-PVP colloids have been prepared by the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen tetrachlorauric acid (HAuCl4·3H2O) precursor. The atmospheric pressure microplasma technique was used as a reducing agent, while D-Fructose was used as a stabilizing agent in the synthesis process. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline behavior of both gold nanostructured particles and gold-PVP nanocomposites. The morphology of the nanoparticles was examined by SEM. The absorption characteristic peaks at 541 nm and 542 nm in UV-Vis spectra confirmed the surface plasmon resonance in gold nanostructured particles and gold-PVP nanostructured composites, respectively. Dynamic light scattering studies with percentage intensity distribution revealed particle size distribution ranges from 8–288 nm for gold colloids and 15–297 nm for gold-PVP colloids. Gold-PVP nanostructured composites have shown an improvement in the antiviral activity against the H9N2 virus as compared to bare gold nanostructured particles.
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8
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Peptide-Based HIV Entry Inhibitors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1366:15-26. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8702-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Zhang S, Holmes AP, Dick A, Rashad AA, Enríquez Rodríguez L, Canziani GA, Root MJ, Chaiken IM. Altered Env conformational dynamics as a mechanism of resistance to peptide-triazole HIV-1 inactivators. Retrovirology 2021; 18:31. [PMID: 34627310 PMCID: PMC8501640 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously developed drug-like peptide triazoles (PTs) that target HIV-1 Envelope (Env) gp120, potently inhibit viral entry, and irreversibly inactivate virions. Here, we investigated potential mechanisms of viral escape from this promising class of HIV-1 entry inhibitors. RESULTS HIV-1 resistance to cyclic (AAR029b) and linear (KR13) PTs was obtained by dose escalation in viral passaging experiments. High-level resistance for both inhibitors developed slowly (relative to escape from gp41-targeted C-peptide inhibitor C37) by acquiring mutations in gp120 both within (Val255) and distant to (Ser143) the putative PT binding site. The similarity in the resistance profiles for AAR029b and KR13 suggests that the shared IXW pharmacophore provided the primary pressure for HIV-1 escape. In single-round infectivity studies employing recombinant virus, V255I/S143N double escape mutants reduced PT antiviral potency by 150- to 3900-fold. Curiously, the combined mutations had a much smaller impact on PT binding affinity for monomeric gp120 (four to ninefold). This binding disruption was entirely due to the V255I mutation, which generated few steric clashes with PT in molecular docking. However, this minor effect on PT affinity belied large, offsetting changes to association enthalpy and entropy. The escape mutations had negligible effect on CD4 binding and utilization during entry, but significantly altered both binding thermodynamics and inhibitory potency of the conformationally-specific, anti-CD4i antibody 17b. Moreover, the escape mutations substantially decreased gp120 shedding induced by either soluble CD4 or AAR029b. CONCLUSIONS Together, the data suggest that the escape mutations significantly modified the energetic landscape of Env's prefusogenic state, altering conformational dynamics to hinder PT-induced irreversible inactivation of Env. This work therein reveals a unique mode of virus escape for HIV-1, namely, resistance by altering the intrinsic conformational dynamics of the Env trimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P Holmes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexej Dick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adel A Rashad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Gabriela A Canziani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Root
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, OH, Columbus, USA.
| | - Irwin M Chaiken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Poh CL, Lalani S. Strategies to identify and develop antiviral peptides. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 117:17-46. [PMID: 34420580 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and re-emergence of viral pathogens capable of causing epidemics or pandemics pose a serious healthcare burden. Small molecule antivirals used in conventional therapy have given rise to the severe problem of viral resistance against them. Peptides are generally considered safe, effective and are less likely to induce viral resistance. Antiviral peptides can be identified from screening of phage display of combinational peptide libraries, peptide array libraries or designed against viral targets. Limitations of peptides such as bioavailability can be improved with chemical modifications. Nanotechnology can further improve the stability of peptides in systemic circulation and enhance the antiviral activity of peptides, making them an appealing therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Salima Lalani
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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Ang CG, Carter E, Haftl A, Zhang S, Rashad AA, Kutzler M, Abrams CF, Chaiken IM. Peptide Triazole Thiol Irreversibly Inactivates Metastable HIV-1 Env by Accessing Conformational Triggers Intrinsic to Virus-Cell Entry. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1286. [PMID: 34204725 PMCID: PMC8231586 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KR13, a peptide triazole thiol previously established to inhibit HIV-1 infection and cause virus lysis, was evaluated by flow cytometry against JRFL Env-presenting cells to characterize induced Env and membrane transformations leading to irreversible inactivation. Transiently transfected HEK293T cells were preloaded with calcein dye, treated with KR13 or its thiol-blocked analogue KR13b, fixed, and stained for gp120 (35O22), MPER (10E8), 6-helix-bundle (NC-1), immunodominant loop (50-69), and fusion peptide (VRC34.01). KR13 induced dose-dependent transformations of Env and membrane characterized by transient poration, MPER exposure, and 6-helix-bundle formation (analogous to native fusion events), but also reduced immunodominant loop and fusion peptide exposure. Using a fusion peptide mutant (V504E), we found that KR13 transformation does not require functional fusion peptide for poration. In contrast, simultaneous treatment with fusion inhibitor T20 alongside KR13 prevented membrane poration and MPER exposure, showing that these events require 6-helix-bundle formation. Based on these results, we formulated a model for PTT-induced Env transformation portraying how, in the absence of CD4/co-receptor signaling, PTT may provide alternate means of perturbing the metastable Env-membrane complex, and inducing fusion-like transformation. In turn, the results show that such transformations are intrinsic to Env and can be diverted for irreversible inactivation of the protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Gotuaco Ang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (E.C.); (A.H.); (S.Z.); (A.A.R.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Erik Carter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (E.C.); (A.H.); (S.Z.); (A.A.R.)
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA;
| | - Ann Haftl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (E.C.); (A.H.); (S.Z.); (A.A.R.)
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (E.C.); (A.H.); (S.Z.); (A.A.R.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Adel A. Rashad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (E.C.); (A.H.); (S.Z.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Michele Kutzler
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA;
| | - Cameron F. Abrams
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA;
| | - Irwin M. Chaiken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (E.C.); (A.H.); (S.Z.); (A.A.R.)
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12
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Staśkiewicz A, Ledwoń P, Rovero P, Papini AM, Latajka R. Triazole-Modified Peptidomimetics: An Opportunity for Drug Discovery and Development. Front Chem 2021; 9:674705. [PMID: 34095086 PMCID: PMC8172596 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.674705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidomimetics play a fundamental role in drug design due to their preferential properties regarding natural peptides. In particular, compounds possessing nitrogen-containing heterocycles have been intensively studied in recent years. The triazolyl moiety incorporation decreases the molecule susceptibility to enzymatic degradation, reduction, hydrolysis, and oxidation. In fact, peptides containing triazole rings are a typical example of peptidomimetics. They have all the advantages over classic peptides. Both efficient synthetic methods and biological activity make these systems an interesting and promising object of research. Peptide triazole derivatives display a diversity of biological properties and can be obtained via numerous synthetic strategies. In this review, we have highlighted the importance of the triazole-modified peptidomimetics in the field of drug design. We present an overview on new achievements in triazolyl-containing peptidomimetics synthesis and their biological activity as inhibitors of enzymes or against cancer, viruses, bacteria, or fungi. The relevance of above-mentioned compounds was confirmed by their comparison with unmodified peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Staśkiewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Patrycja Ledwoń
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Rafal Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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13
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Nanotechnology-based approaches for emerging and re-emerging viruses: Special emphasis on COVID-19. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104908. [PMID: 33932543 PMCID: PMC8079947 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the major concern of emerging and re-emerging viral diseases has become an increasingly important area of public health concern, and it is of significance to anticipate future pandemic that would inevitably threaten human lives. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly emerged virus that causes mild to severe pneumonia. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) became a very much concerned issue worldwide after its super-spread across the globe and emerging viral diseases have not got specific and reliable diagnostic and treatments. As the COVID-19 pandemic brings about a massive life-loss across the globe, there is an unmet need to discover a promising and typically effective diagnosis and treatment to prevent super-spreading and mortality from being decreased or even eliminated. This study was carried out to overview nanotechnology-based diagnostic and treatment approaches for emerging and re-emerging viruses with the current treatment of the disease and shed light on nanotechnology's remarkable potential to provide more effective treatment and prevention to a special focus on recently emerged coronavirus.
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Gaffney A, Nangarlia A, Ang CG, Gossert S, Rashad Ahmed AA, Hossain MA, Abrams CF, Smith AB, Chaiken I. HIV-1 Env-Dependent Cell Killing by Bifunctional Small-Molecule/Peptide Conjugates. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:440-442. [PMID: 33535751 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Althea Gaffney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Aakansha Nangarlia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Charles G. Ang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Steven Gossert
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Adel Ahmed Rashad Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Md Alamgir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Cameron F. Abrams
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Irwin Chaiken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
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15
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Zhou J, Krishnan N, Jiang Y, Fang RH, Zhang L. Nanotechnology for virus treatment. NANO TODAY 2021; 36:101031. [PMID: 33519948 PMCID: PMC7836394 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The continued emergence of novel viruses poses a significant threat to global health. Uncontrolled outbreaks can result in pandemics that have the potential to overburden our healthcare and economic systems. While vaccination is a conventional modality that can be employed to promote herd immunity, antiviral vaccines can only be applied prophylactically and do little to help patients who have already contracted viral infections. During the early stages of a disease outbreak when vaccines are unavailable, therapeutic antiviral drugs can be used as a stopgap solution. However, these treatments do not always work against emerging viral strains and can be accompanied by adverse effects that sometimes outweigh the benefits. Nanotechnology has the potential to overcome many of the challenges facing current antiviral therapies. For example, nanodelivery vehicles can be employed to drastically improve the pharmacokinetic profile of antiviral drugs while reducing their systemic toxicity. Other unique nanomaterials can be leveraged for their virucidal or virus-neutralizing properties. In this review, we discuss recent developments in antiviral nanotherapeutics and provide a perspective on the application of nanotechnology to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and future virus pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nishta Krishnan
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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16
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Gaffney A, Nangarlia A, Ang CG, Gossert S, Rashad Ahmed AA, Hossain MA, Abrams CF, Smith AB, Chaiken I. HIV-1 Env-Dependent Cell Killing by Bifunctional Small-Molecule/Peptide Conjugates. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:193-204. [PMID: 33410670 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A strategy has been established for the synthesis of a family of bifunctional HIV-1 inhibitor covalent conjugates with the potential to bind simultaneously to both the gp120 and gp41 subunits of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimeric complex (Env). One component of the conjugates is derived from BNM-III-170, a small-molecule CD4 mimic that binds to gp120. The second component, comprised of the peptide DKWASLWNW ("Trp3"), was derived from the N-terminus of the HIV-1 gp41 Membrane Proximal External Region (MPER) and found previously to bind to the gp41 subunit of Env. The resulting bifunctional conjugates were shown to inhibit virus cell infection with low micromolar potency and to induce lysis of the HIV-1 virion. Crucially, virolysis was found to be dependent on the covalent linkage of the BNM-III-170 and Trp3 domains, as coadministration of a mixture of the un-cross-linked components proved to be nonlytic. However, a significant magnitude of lytic activity was observed in Env-negative and other control pseudoviruses, suggesting parallel mechanisms of action of the conjugates involving Env interaction and direct membrane disruption. Computational modeling suggested strong membrane-binding activity of BNM-III-170, which may underly the nonspecific virolytic effects of the conjugates. To investigate the scope of the membrane effect, cell-based cytotoxicity and membrane permeability assays were performed employing flow cytometry. Here, we observed a dose-dependent and specific cytotoxic effect on HIV-1 Env-expressing cells by the small-molecule bifunctional inhibitor. Most importantly, Env-negative cells were not susceptible to the cytotoxic effect upon exposure to this construct at concentrations where cell-killing effects were observed for Env-positive cells. Computational structural modeling supports a mechanism in which the bifunctional inhibitors bind to the gp120 and gp41 subunits in tandem in open-state Env trimers and induce relative motion of the gp120 subunits consistent with models of Env inactivation. This observation supports the idea that the cell-killing effect of the small-molecule bifunctional inhibitor is due to specific Env conformational triggering. This work lays important groundwork to advance a small-molecule bifunctional inhibitor approach for eliminating Env-expressing infected cells and the eradication of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Althea Gaffney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Aakansha Nangarlia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Charles G. Ang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Steven Gossert
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Adel Ahmed Rashad Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Md Alamgir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Cameron F. Abrams
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Irwin Chaiken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
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Pradhan D, Biswasroy P, Goyal A, Ghosh G, Rath G. Recent Advancement in Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery System Against Viral Infections. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:47. [PMID: 33447909 PMCID: PMC7808403 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the exponential rise in the incidence of viral infections sets a global health emergency across the world. The biomimetic architecture, the ability to hijack host immune responses, continuous antigen shifting, and drafting are the major critical factors that are responsible for the unavailability of a concrete therapeutic regimen against viral infections. Further, inappropriate pharmacodynamic physicochemical and biological parameters such as low aqueous solubility, poor permeability, high affinity for plasm proteins, short biological half-lives, and fast elimination from the systemic circulation are the major critical factors that govern the suboptimal drug concentration at the target site that leads to the development of drug resistance. To address this issue, nanotechnology-based drug delivery approach is emerged as an altering method to attain the optimal drug concentration at the target site for a prolonged period by integrating the nanoengineering tools in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Nanodimensional configuration with enhanced permeability and retention effect, increased surface-area-to-volume ratio, provision for surface functionalization, etc., are the privileged aspects that make it an effective drug delivery system for dispensing the antiviral therapeutics. However, size, shape, charge, and surface topology of nanoparticles are the greater influential factors that determine target-specific drug delivery, optimum cellular uptake, degree of opsonization by the host immune cells, drug retention time, transcytosis, the extension of biological half-life, in vivo stability, and cytotoxicity. The review will enlighten the elaborative role of nanotechnology-based drug delivery and the major challenging aspect of clinical safety and efficacy.
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Aguilera-Correa JJ, Esteban J, Vallet-Regí M. Inorganic and Polymeric Nanoparticles for Human Viral and Bacterial Infections Prevention and Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:E137. [PMID: 33435597 PMCID: PMC7826792 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases hold third place in the top 10 causes of death worldwide and were responsible for more than 6.7 million deaths in 2016. Nanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field which is based on the application of nanotechnology for medical purposes and can be defined as the use of nanomaterials for diagnosis, monitoring, control, prevention, and treatment of diseases, including infectious diseases. One of the most used nanomaterials in nanomedicine are nanoparticles, particles with a nano-scale size that show highly tunable physical and optical properties, and the capacity to a wide library of compounds. This manuscript is intended to be a comprehensive review of the available recent literature on nanoparticles used for the prevention and treatment of human infectious diseases caused by different viruses, and bacteria from a clinical point of view by basing on original articles which talk about what has been made to date and excluding commercial products, but also by highlighting what has not been still made and some clinical concepts that must be considered for futures nanoparticles-based technologies applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jairo Aguilera-Correa
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Esteban
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Jiménez Díaz Foundation Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Parajuli B, Acharya K, Nangarlia A, Zhang S, Parajuli B, Dick A, Ngo B, Abrams CF, Chaiken I. Identification of a glycan cluster in gp120 essential for irreversible HIV-1 lytic inactivation by a lectin-based recombinantly engineered protein conjugate. Biochem J 2020; 477:4263-4280. [PMID: 33057580 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously discovered a class of recombinant lectin conjugates, denoted lectin DLIs ('dual-acting lytic inhibitors') that bind to the HIV-1 envelope (Env) protein trimer and cause both lytic inactivation of HIV-1 virions and cytotoxicity of Env-expressing cells. To facilitate mechanistic investigation of DLI function, we derived the simplified prototype microvirin (MVN)-DLI, containing an MVN domain that binds high-mannose glycans in Env, connected to a DKWASLWNW sequence (denoted 'Trp3') derived from the membrane-associated region of gp41. The relatively much stronger affinity of the lectin component than Trp3 argues that the lectin functions to capture Env to enable Trp3 engagement and consequent Env membrane disruption and virolysis. The relatively simplified engagement pattern of MVN with Env opened up the opportunity, pursued here, to use recombinant glycan knockout gp120 variants to identify the precise Env binding site for MVN that drives DLI engagement and lysis. Using mutagenesis combined with a series of biophysical and virological experiments, we identified a restricted set of residues, N262, N332 and N448, all localized in a cluster on the outer domain of gp120, as the essential epitope for MVN binding. By generating these mutations in the corresponding HIV-1 virus, we established that the engagement of this glycan cluster with the lectin domain of MVN*-DLI is the trigger for DLI-derived virus and cell inactivation. Beyond defining the initial encounter step for lytic inactivation, this study provides a guide to further elucidate DLI mechanism, including the stoichiometry of Env trimer required for function, and downstream DLI optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Parajuli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, U.S.A
| | - Kriti Acharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, U.S.A
| | - Aakansha Nangarlia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, U.S.A
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, U.S.A
| | - Bijay Parajuli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, U.S.A
| | - Alexej Dick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, U.S.A
| | - Brendon Ngo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, U.S.A
| | - Cameron F Abrams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, U.S.A
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A
| | - Irwin Chaiken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, U.S.A
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20
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Medhi R, Srinoi P, Ngo N, Tran HV, Lee TR. Nanoparticle-Based Strategies to Combat COVID-19. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8557-8580. [PMID: 37556239 PMCID: PMC7482545 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the worst pandemic disease of the current millennium. This disease is caused by the highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which first exhibited human-to-human transmission in December 2019 and has infected millions of people within months across 213 different countries. Its ability to be transmitted by asymptomatic carriers has put a massive strain on the currently available testing resources. Currently, there are no clinically proven therapeutic methods that clearly inhibit the effects of this virus, and COVID-19 vaccines are still in the development phase. Strategies need to be explored to expand testing capacities, to develop effective therapeutics, and to develop safe vaccines that provide lasting immunity. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in many medical applications, such as biosensing, drug delivery, imaging, and antimicrobial treatment. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus with particle-like characteristics and a diameter of 60-140 nm. Synthetic NPs can closely mimic the virus and interact strongly with its proteins due to their morphological similarities. Hence, NP-based strategies for tackling this virus have immense potential. NPs have been previously found to be effective tools against many viruses, especially against those from the Coronaviridae family. This Review outlines the role of NPs in diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccination for the other two epidemic coronaviruses, the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus and the 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus. We also highlight nanomaterial-based approaches to address other coronaviruses, such as human coronaviruses (HCoVs); feline coronavirus (FCoV); avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV); coronavirus models, such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV); and other viruses that share similarities with SARS-CoV-2. This Review combines the salient principles from previous antiviral studies with recent research conducted on SARS-CoV-2 to outline NP-based strategies that can be used to combat COVID-19 and similar pandemics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhiman Medhi
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for
Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road,
Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Pannaree Srinoi
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for
Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road,
Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Nhat Ngo
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for
Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road,
Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Hung-Vu Tran
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for
Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road,
Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - T. Randall Lee
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for
Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road,
Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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21
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Feng LS, Zheng MJ, Zhao F, Liu D. 1,2,3-Triazole hybrids with anti-HIV-1 activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 354:e2000163. [PMID: 32960467 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the major etiological agent responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is a serious infectious disease and remains one of the most prevalent problems at present. Currently, combined antiretroviral therapy is the primary modality for the treatment and management of HIV/AIDS, but the long-term use can result in major drawbacks such as the development of multidrug-resistant viruses and multiple side effects. 1,2,3-Triazole is the common framework in the development of new drugs, and its derivatives have the potential to inhibit various HIV-1 enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease, consequently possessing a potential anti-HIV-1 activity. This review covers the recent advances regarding the 1,2,3-triazole hybrids with potential anti-HIV-1 activity; it focuses on the chemical structures, structure-activity relationship, and mechanisms of action, covering articles published from 2010 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Duan Liu
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
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22
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Gurunathan S, Qasim M, Choi Y, Do JT, Park C, Hong K, Kim JH, Song H. Antiviral Potential of Nanoparticles-Can Nanoparticles Fight Against Coronaviruses? NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1645. [PMID: 32825737 PMCID: PMC7557932 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases account for more than 20% of global mortality and viruses are responsible for about one-third of these deaths. Highly infectious viral diseases such as severe acute respiratory (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are emerging more frequently and their worldwide spread poses a serious threat to human health and the global economy. The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of 27 July 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 16 million people and led to the death of more than 652,434 individuals as on 27 July 2020 while also causing significant economic losses. To date, there are no vaccines or specific antiviral drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19. Hence, it is necessary to accelerate the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines to help mitigate this pandemic. Non-Conventional antiviral agents must also be considered and exploited. In this regard, nanoparticles can be used as antiviral agents for the treatment of various viral infections. The use of nanoparticles provides an interesting opportunity for the development of novel antiviral therapies with a low probability of developing drug resistance compared to conventional chemical-based antiviral therapies. In this review, we first discuss viral mechanisms of entry into host cells and then we detail the major and important types of nanomaterials that could be used as antiviral agents. These nanomaterials include silver, gold, quantum dots, organic nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers and polymers. Further, we consider antiviral mechanisms, the effects of nanoparticles on coronaviruses and therapeutic approaches of nanoparticles. Finally, we provide our perspective on the future of nanoparticles in the fight against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Center of Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Youngsok Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jeong Tae Do
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.G.); (Y.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.P.); (K.H.); (J.-H.K.)
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Su X, Wang Q, Wen Y, Jiang S, Lu L. Protein- and Peptide-Based Virus Inactivators: Inactivating Viruses Before Their Entry Into Cells. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1063. [PMID: 32523582 PMCID: PMC7261908 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other highly pathogenic enveloped viruses, have threatened the global public health. Most antiviral drugs act as passive defenders to inhibit viral replication inside the cell, while a few of them function as gate keepers to combat viruses outside the cell, including fusion inhibitors, e.g., enfuvirtide, and receptor antagonists, e.g., maraviroc, as well as virus inactivators (including attachment inhibitors). Different from fusion inhibitors and receptor antagonists that must act in the presence of target cells, virus inactivators can actively inactivate cell-free virions in the blood, through interaction with one or more sites in the envelope glycoproteins (Envs) on virions. Notably, a number of protein- and peptide-based virus inactivators (PPVIs) under development are expected to have a better utilization rate than the current antiviral drugs and be safer for in vivo human application than the chemical-based virus inactivators. Here we have highlighted recent progress in developing PPVIs against several important enveloped viruses, including HIV, influenza virus, Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV), and the potential use of PPVIs for urgent treatment of infection by newly emerging or re-emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Su
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mioc A, Mioc M, Ghiulai R, Voicu M, Racoviceanu R, Trandafirescu C, Dehelean C, Coricovac D, Soica C. Gold Nanoparticles as Targeted Delivery Systems and Theranostic Agents in Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6493-6513. [PMID: 31057102 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190506123721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is still a leading cause of death worldwide, while most chemotherapies induce nonselective toxicity and severe systemic side effects. To address these problems, targeted nanoscience is an emerging field that promises to benefit cancer patients. Gold nanoparticles are nowadays in the spotlight due to their many well-established advantages. Gold nanoparticles are easily synthesizable in various shapes and sizes by a continuously developing set of means, including chemical, physical or eco-friendly biological methods. This review presents gold nanoparticles as versatile therapeutic agents playing many roles, such as targeted delivery systems (anticancer agents, nucleic acids, biological proteins, vaccines), theranostics and agents in photothermal therapy. They have also been outlined to bring great contributions in the bioimaging field such as radiotherapy, magnetic resonance angiography and photoacoustic imaging. Nevertheless, gold nanoparticles are therapeutic agents demonstrating its in vitro anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on various cell lines, such as human cervix, human breast, human lung, human prostate and murine melanoma cancer cells. In vivo studies have pointed out data regarding the bioaccumulation and cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles, but it has been emphasized that size, dose, surface charge, sex and especially administration routes are very important variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Roxana Ghiulai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Mirela Voicu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Cristina Trandafirescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Dorina Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Codruta Soica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania
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25
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Jeong WJ, Bu J, Kubiatowicz LJ, Chen SS, Kim Y, Hong S. Peptide-nanoparticle conjugates: a next generation of diagnostic and therapeutic platforms? NANO CONVERGENCE 2018; 5:38. [PMID: 30539365 PMCID: PMC6289934 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-018-0170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-nanoparticle conjugates (PNCs) have recently emerged as a versatile tool for biomedical applications. Synergism between the two promising classes of materials allows enhanced control over their biological behaviors, overcoming intrinsic limitations of the individual materials. Over the past decades, a myriad of PNCs has been developed for various applications, such as drug delivery, inhibition of pathogenic biomolecular interactions, molecular imaging, and liquid biopsy. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of existing technologies that have been recently developed in the broad field of PNCs, offering a guideline especially for investigators who are new to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-jin Jeong
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Jiyoon Bu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Luke J. Kubiatowicz
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Stephanie S. Chen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983 Republic of Korea
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705 USA
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
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26
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Aderibigbe BA. Metal-Based Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Molecules 2017; 22:E1370. [PMID: 28820471 PMCID: PMC6152252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases can be transmitted and they cause a significant burden on public health globally. They are the greatest world killers and it is estimated that they are responsible for the demise of over 17 million people annually. The impact of these diseases is greater in the developing countries. People with compromised immune systems and children are the most affected. Infectious diseases may be caused by bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. The treatment of infectious diseases is hampered by simultaneous resistance to multiple drugs, indicating that there is a serious and pressing need to develop new therapeutics that can overcome drug resistance. This review will focus on the recent reports of metal-based nanoparticles that are potential therapeutics for the treatment of infectious diseases and their biological efficacy (in vitro and in vivo).
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing Atim Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Eastern Cape 5700, South Africa.
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27
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Singh L, Kruger HG, Maguire GE, Govender T, Parboosing R. The role of nanotechnology in the treatment of viral infections. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2017; 4:105-131. [PMID: 28748089 PMCID: PMC5507392 DOI: 10.1177/2049936117713593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with viruses in particular making global impact on healthcare and socioeconomic development. In addition, the rapid development of drug resistance to currently available therapies and adverse side effects due to prolonged use is a serious public health concern. The development of novel treatment strategies is therefore required. The interaction of nanostructures with microorganisms is fast-revolutionizing the biomedical field by offering advantages in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Nanoparticles offer unique physical properties that have associated benefits for drug delivery. These are predominantly due to the particle size (which affects bioavailability and circulation time), large surface area to volume ratio (enhanced solubility compared to larger particles), tunable surface charge of the particle with the possibility of encapsulation, and large drug payloads that can be accommodated. These properties, which are unlike bulk materials of the same compositions, make nanoparticulate drug delivery systems ideal candidates to explore in order to achieve and/or improve therapeutic effects. This review presents a broad overview of the application of nanosized materials for the treatment of common viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Singh
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Glenn E.M. Maguire
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Raveen Parboosing
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Bastian AR, Ang CG, Kamanna K, Shaheen F, Huang YH, McFadden K, Duffy C, Bailey LD, Sundaram RVK, Chaiken I. Targeting cell surface HIV-1 Env protein to suppress infectious virus formation. Virus Res 2017; 235:33-36. [PMID: 28390972 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 Env protein is essential for host cell entry, and targeting Env remains an important antiretroviral strategy. We previously found that a peptide triazole thiol KR13 and its gold nanoparticle conjugate AuNP-KR13 directly and irreversibly inactivate the virus by targeting the Env protein, leading to virus gp120 shedding, membrane disruption and p24 capsid protein release. Here, we examined the consequences of targeting cell-surface Env with the virus inactivators. We found that both agents led to formation of non-infectious virus from transiently transfected HEK293T cells. The budded non-infectious viruses lacked Env gp120 but contained gp41. Importantly, budded virions also retained the capsid protein p24, in stark contrast to p24 leakage from viruses directly treated by these agents and arguing that the agents led to deformed viruses by transforming the cells at a stage before virus budding. We found that the Env inactivators caused gp120 shedding from the transiently transfected HEK293T cells as well as non-producer CHO-K1-gp160 cells. Additionally, AuNP-KR13 was cytotoxic against the virus-producing HEK293T and CHO-K1-gp160 cells, but not untransfected HEK293T or unmodified CHO-K1 cells. The results obtained reinforce the argument that cell-surface HIV-1 Env is metastable, as on virus particles, and provides a conformationally vulnerable target for virus suppression and infectious cell inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arangassery Rosemary Bastian
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States; School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Charles G Ang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States; School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Kantharaju Kamanna
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Farida Shaheen
- Viral and Molecular Core, Penn Center for AIDS Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Yu-Hung Huang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Karyn McFadden
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Caitlin Duffy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Lauren D Bailey
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Ramalingam Venkat Kalyana Sundaram
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States; School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Irwin Chaiken
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States.
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Griffith M, Islam MM, Edin J, Papapavlou G, Buznyk O, Patra HK. The Quest for Anti-inflammatory and Anti-infective Biomaterials in Clinical Translation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:71. [PMID: 27668213 PMCID: PMC5016531 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials are now being used or evaluated clinically as implants to supplement the severe shortage of available human donor organs. To date, however, such implants have mainly been developed as scaffolds to promote the regeneration of failing organs due to old age or congenital malformations. In the real world, however, infection or immunological issues often compromise patients. For example, bacterial and viral infections can result in uncontrolled immunopathological damage and lead to organ failure. Hence, there is a need for biomaterials and implants that not only promote regeneration but also address issues that are specific to compromised patients, such as infection and inflammation. Different strategies are needed to address the regeneration of organs that have been damaged by infection or inflammation for successful clinical translation. Therefore, the real quest is for multifunctional biomaterials with combined properties that can combat infections, modulate inflammation, and promote regeneration at the same time. These strategies will necessitate the inclusion of methodologies for management of the cellular and signaling components elicited within the local microenvironment. In the development of such biomaterials, strategies range from the inclusion of materials that have intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties, such as the synthetic lipid polymer, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), to silver nanoparticles that have antibacterial properties, to inclusion of nano- and micro-particles in biomaterials composites that deliver active drugs. In this present review, we present examples of both kinds of materials in each group along with their pros and cons. Thus, as a promising next generation strategy to aid or replace tissue/organ transplantation, an integrated smart programmable platform is needed for regenerative medicine applications to create and/or restore normal function at the cell and tissue levels. Therefore, now it is of utmost importance to develop integrative biomaterials based on multifunctional biopolymers and nanosystem for their practical and successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Griffith
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad M. Islam
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joel Edin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgia Papapavlou
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Oleksiy Buznyk
- Department of Eye Burns, Ophthalmic Reconstructive Surgery, Keratoplasty and Keratoprosthesis, Filatov Institute of Eye diseases and Tissue Therapy of the NAMS of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Hirak K. Patra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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30
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Liu Y, Chen C. Role of nanotechnology in HIV/AIDS vaccine development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 103:76-89. [PMID: 26952542 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV/AIDS is one of the worst crises affecting global health and influencing economic development and social stability. Preventing and treating HIV infection is a crucial task. However, there is still no effective HIV vaccine for clinical application. Nanotechnology has the potential to solve the problems associated with traditional HIV vaccines. At present, various nano-architectures and nanomaterials can function as potential HIV vaccine carriers or adjuvants, including inorganic nanomaterials, liposomes, micelles and polymer nanomaterials. In this review, we summarize the current progress in the use of nanotechnology for the development of an HIV/AIDS vaccine and discuss its potential to greatly improve the solubility, permeability, stability and pharmacokinetics of HIV vaccines. Although nanotechnology holds great promise for applications in HIV/AIDS vaccines, there are still many inadequacies that result in a variety of risks and challenges. The potential hazards to the human body and environment associated with some nano-carriers, and their underlying mechanisms require in-depth study. Non-toxic or low-toxic nanomaterials with adjuvant activity have been identified. However, studying the confluence of factors that affect the adjuvant activity of nanomaterials may be more important for the optimization of the dosage and immunization strategy and investigations into the exact mechanism of action. Moreover, there are no uniform standards for investigations of nanomaterials as potential vaccine adjuvants. These limitations make it harder to analyze and deduce rules from the existing data. Developing vaccine nano-carriers or adjuvants with high benefit-cost ratios is important to ensure their broad usage. Despite some shortcomings, nanomaterials have great potential and application prospects in the fields of AIDS treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
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31
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Wang W, Voigt A, Wolff MW, Reichl U, Sundmacher K. Binding kinetics and multi-bond: Finding correlations by synthesizing interactions between ligand-coated bionanoparticles and receptor surfaces. Anal Biochem 2016; 505:8-17. [PMID: 27108189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The number of bonds formed between one single bionanoparticle and many surface receptors is an important subject to be studied but is seldom quantitatively investigated. A new evaluation of the correlation between binding kinetics and number of bonds is presented by varying ligand density and receptor density. An experimental system was developed using measurements with surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. A corresponding multi-site adsorption model elucidated the correlation. The results show that with the increase of the receptor density, the adsorption rate first decreased when the number of bonds was below a maximum value and then increased when the number of bonds stayed at this maximum value. The investigation on ligand density variation suggests that the coating density on top of the bionanoparticle surface may have a particular value below which more ligand will accelerate the adsorption rate. The ratio of ligand amount bound by the receptors to the total ligand amount associated with a single bionanoparticle will remain constant even if one attaches more ligands to a bionanoparticle. We envision that the bionanoparticle desorption will not depend on density changes from either ligand or receptor when the number of bonds reaches a specific efficient value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Voigt
- Chair for Process Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Chair for Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Chair for Process Systems Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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32
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Bioactivity of noble metal nanoparticles decorated with biopolymers and their application in drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:159-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Peptide triazole inactivators of HIV-1: how do they work and what is their potential? Future Med Chem 2015; 7:2305-10. [PMID: 26599515 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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34
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Rai M, Ingle AP, Birla S, Yadav A, Santos CAD. Strategic role of selected noble metal nanoparticles in medicine. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:696-719. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2015.1018131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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