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Saplaouras A, Kariki O, Mililis P, Zygouri A, Gkouziouta A, Poulos G, Adamopoulos S, Efremidis M, Nyktari E, Letsas KP. Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas in a patient with myocarditis, Brugada syndrome and arrhythmic syncope. J Electrocardiol 2023; 80:45-50. [PMID: 37187131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of a previously healthy 23-year-old male who presented with chest pain, palpitations and spontaneous type 1 Brugada electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern. Positive family history for sudden cardiac death (SCD) was remarkable. Initially, clinical symptoms in combination with myocardial enzymes elevation, regional myocardial oedema with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and inflammatory lymphocytoid-cell infiltrates in the endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) suggested the diagnosis of a myocarditis-induced Brugada phenocopy (BrP). Under immunosuppressive therapy with methylprednisolone and azathioprine, a complete remission of both symptoms and biomarkers was accomplished. However, the Brugada pattern did not resolve. The eventually spontaneous Brugada pattern type 1 established the diagnosis of Brugada syndrome (BrS). Due to his previous history of syncope, the patient was offered an ICD that he declined. After his discharge he experienced a new episode of arrhythmic syncope. He was readmitted and received an ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ourania Kariki
- Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Mililis
- Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Andromahi Zygouri
- Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Poulos
- Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael Efremidis
- Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Nyktari
- Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
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2
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Remme CA. SCN5A channelopathy: arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, epilepsy and beyond. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220164. [PMID: 37122208 PMCID: PMC10150216 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Influx of sodium ions through voltage-gated sodium channels in cardiomyocytes is essential for proper electrical conduction within the heart. Both acquired conditions associated with sodium channel dysfunction (myocardial ischaemia, heart failure) as well as inherited disorders secondary to mutations in the gene SCN5A encoding for the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 are associated with life-threatening arrhythmias. Research in the last decade has uncovered the complex nature of Nav1.5 distribution, function, in particular within distinct subcellular subdomains of cardiomyocytes. Nav1.5-based channels furthermore display previously unrecognized non-electrogenic actions and may impact on cardiac structural integrity, leading to cardiomyopathy. Moreover, SCN5A and Nav1.5 are expressed in cell types other than cardiomyocytes as well as various extracardiac tissues, where their functional role in, e.g. epilepsy, gastrointestinal motility, cancer and the innate immune response is increasingly investigated and recognized. This review provides an overview of these novel insights and how they deepen our mechanistic knowledge on SCN5A channelopathies and Nav1.5 (dys)function. This article is part of the theme issue 'The heartbeat: its molecular basis and physiological mechanisms'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Hu X, Kong J, Niu T, Chen L, Yang J. Single coronary artery presenting dilated cardiomyopathy and hyperlipidemia with the SCN5A and APOA5 gene mutation: A case report and review of the literature. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1113886. [PMID: 37288251 PMCID: PMC10242075 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1113886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a 55-year-old man with chest tightness and dyspnoea after activity lasting for 2 months who was diagnosed with single coronary artery (SCA) and presented with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with the c.1858C > T mutation in the SCN5A gene. The computed tomography coronary angiogram (CTCA) showed congenital absence of the right coronary artery (RCA), and the right heart was nourished by the left coronary artery branch with no apparent stenosis. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed enlargement of the left heart and cardiomyopathy. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) revealed DCM. Genetic testing showed that the c.1858C > T variant of the SCN5A gene could lead to Brugada syndrome and DCM. SCA is a rare congenital anomaly of the coronary anatomy, and this case reported as SCA accompanied by DCM is even rarer. We present a rare case of a 55-year-old man with DCM with the c.1858C > T (p. Arg620Cys)/c.1008G > A (p.(Pro336=) variant of the SCN5A gene, congenital absence of RCA, and c.990_993delAACA (p. Asp332Valfs*5) variant of the APOA5 gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of DCM combined with the SCN5A gene mutation in SCA after searching the PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Niu
- Department of Medical Technology, Jinan Vocational College of Nursing, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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4
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Alsaedi SB, Mineta K, Gao X, Gojobori T. Computational network analysis of host genetic risk variants of severe COVID-19. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:17. [PMID: 36859360 PMCID: PMC9977643 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous human host genetic risk variants that play a substantial role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Although these genetic risk variants significantly increase the severity of COVID-19, their influence on body systems is poorly understood. Therefore, we aim to interpret the biological mechanisms and pathways associated with the genetic risk factors and immune responses in severe COVID-19. We perform a deep analysis of previously identified risk variants and infer the hidden interactions between their molecular networks through disease mapping and the similarity of the molecular functions between constructed networks. RESULTS We designed a four-stage computational workflow for systematic genetic analysis of the risk variants. We integrated the molecular profiles of the risk factors with associated diseases, then constructed protein-protein interaction networks. We identified 24 protein-protein interaction networks with 939 interactions derived from 109 filtered risk variants in 60 risk genes and 56 proteins. The majority of molecular functions, interactions and pathways are involved in immune responses; several interactions and pathways are related to the metabolic and cardiovascular systems, which could lead to multi-organ complications and dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of analyzing molecular interactions and pathways to understand the heterogeneous susceptibility of the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2. We propose new insights into pathogenicity analysis of infections by including genetic risk information as essential factors to predict future complications during and after infection. This approach may assist more precise clinical decisions and accurate treatment plans to reduce COVID-19 complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakhaa B. Alsaedi
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412892.40000 0004 1754 9358College of Computer Science and Engineering (CCSE), Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katsuhiko Mineta
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia ,grid.5290.e0000 0004 1936 9975AND Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-0041 Japan
| | - Xin Gao
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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5
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Innate Immunity in Cardiovascular Diseases-Identification of Novel Molecular Players and Targets. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12010335. [PMID: 36615135 PMCID: PMC9821340 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past few years, unexpected developments have driven studies in the field of clinical immunology. One driver of immense impact was the outbreak of a pandemic caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2. Excellent recent reviews address diverse aspects of immunological re-search into cardiovascular diseases. Here, we specifically focus on selected studies taking advantage of advanced state-of-the-art molecular genetic methods ranging from genome-wide epi/transcriptome mapping and variant scanning to optogenetics and chemogenetics. First, we discuss the emerging clinical relevance of advanced diagnostics for cardiovascular diseases, including those associated with COVID-19-with a focus on the role of inflammation in cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias. Second, we consider newly identified immunological interactions at organ and system levels which affect cardiovascular pathogenesis. Thus, studies into immune influences arising from the intestinal system are moving towards therapeutic exploitation. Further, powerful new research tools have enabled novel insight into brain-immune system interactions at unprecedented resolution. This latter line of investigation emphasizes the strength of influence of emotional stress-acting through defined brain regions-upon viral and cardiovascular disorders. Several challenges need to be overcome before the full impact of these far-reaching new findings will hit the clinical arena.
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Yang L, Zhen L, Li Z, Zhu S, Xu W, Luo Q, Peng L, Xie C. Human liver tissue transcriptomics revealed immunometabolic disturbances and related biomarkers in hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1080484. [PMID: 36532504 PMCID: PMC9752073 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1080484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a major cause of liver-related death worldwide, but its key pathological features remain incompletely defined. This study aimed to reveal the molecular basis of hepatitis B virus-related ACLF (HBV-ACLF) by transcriptome sequencing of human liver tissue. A total of 18 human liver tissues from patients with different stages of HBV-related disease were collected for RNA sequencing, and liver tissues from patients and mouse models with ACLF were used for subsequent validation. Specifically, 6,853 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 5,038 differentially expressed transcripts were identified in patients with ACLF compared to patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and normal controls (NCs). Investigation of functional by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed prominent immune and metabolic dysregulation at the ACLF stage. We found that the key genes FGF19, ADCY8 and KRT17, which are related to immunometabolic disturbances, were significantly upregulated in the progression of ACLF. The three key genes were validated in human and mouse samples, indicating their prognostic and therapeutic potential in ACLF. In summary, our work reveals that immunometabolic disorder is involved in HBV-ACLF pathogenesis and indicates that FGF19, ADCY8 and KRT17 may be sensitive biomarkers for HBV-related ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Zhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiong Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiumin Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Human macrophages directly modulate iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes at healthy state and congenital arrhythmia model in vitro. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:1295-1310. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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8
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Poller W, Escher F, Haas J, Heidecker B, Schultheiss HP, Attanasio P, Skurk C, Haghikia A, Meder B, Klaassen S. Missense Variant E1295K of Sodium Channel SCN5A Associated With Recurrent Ventricular Fibrillation and Myocardial Inflammation. JACC Case Rep 2022; 4:280-286. [PMID: 35257103 PMCID: PMC8897185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCN5A was considered an exclusively cardiac expressed ion channel but discovered to also act as a novel innate immune sensor. We report on a young SCN5A variant carrier with recurrent ventricular fibrillation and massive myocardial inflammation whose peculiar clinical course is highly suggestive of such a dual role of SCN5A. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
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Key Words
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- CMP, cardiomyopathy
- DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy
- EMB, endomyocardial biopsy
- LV, left ventricle
- LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction
- LVMi, left ventricular mass index
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- SCD, sudden cardiac death
- SCN5A, sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5
- VES, ventricular extrasystole
- VF, ventricular fibrillation
- VT, ventricular tachycardia
- inflammation
- innate immune response
- ion channel diseases
- ion channel functions
- variant screening
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Poller
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Centrum 11, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Felicitas Escher
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Haas
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Heidecker
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Centrum 11, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Attanasio
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Centrum 11, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Skurk
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Centrum 11, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Arash Haghikia
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Centrum 11, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Sabine Klaassen
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizen, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
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9
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Discovering the Triad between Nav1.5, Breast Cancer, and the Immune System: A Fundamental Review and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020310. [PMID: 35204811 PMCID: PMC8869595 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nav1.5 is one of the nine voltage-gated sodium channel-alpha subunit (VGSC-α) family members. The Nav1.5 channel typically carries an inward sodium ion current that depolarises the membrane potential during the upstroke of the cardiac action potential. The neonatal isoform of Nav1.5, nNav1.5, is produced via VGSC-α alternative splicing. nNav1.5 is known to potentiate breast cancer metastasis. Despite their well-known biological functions, the immunological perspectives of these channels are poorly explored. The current review has attempted to summarise the triad between Nav1.5 (nNav1.5), breast cancer, and the immune system. To date, there is no such review available that encompasses these three components as most reviews focus on the molecular and pharmacological prospects of Nav1.5. This review is divided into three major subsections: (1) the review highlights the roles of Nav1.5 and nNav1.5 in potentiating the progression of breast cancer, (2) focuses on the general connection between breast cancer and the immune system, and finally (3) the review emphasises the involvements of Nav1.5 and nNav1.5 in the functionality of the immune system and the immunogenicity. Compared to the other subsections, section three is pretty unexploited; it would be interesting to study this subsection as it completes the triad.
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10
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Reinmuth L, Hsiao CC, Hamann J, Rosenkilde M, Mackrill J. Multiple Targets for Oxysterols in Their Regulation of the Immune System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082078. [PMID: 34440846 PMCID: PMC8391951 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols, or cholesterol oxidation products, are naturally occurring lipids which regulate the physiology of cells, including those of the immune system. In contrast to effects that are mediated through nuclear receptors or by epigenetic mechanism, which take tens of minutes to occur, changes in the activities of cell-surface receptors caused by oxysterols can be extremely rapid, often taking place within subsecond timescales. Such cell-surface receptor effects of oxysterols allow for the regulation of fast cellular processes, such as motility, secretion and endocytosis. These cellular processes play critical roles in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. This review will survey the two broad classes of cell-surface receptors for oxysterols (G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels), the mechanisms by which cholesterol oxidation products act on them, and their presence and functions in the different cell types of the immune system. Overall, this review will highlight the potential of oxysterols, synthetic derivatives and their receptors for physiological and therapeutic modulation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Reinmuth
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsiao
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.-C.H.); (J.H.)
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.-C.H.); (J.H.)
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mette Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (J.M.); Tel.: +353-(0)21-490-1400 (J.M.)
| | - John Mackrill
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, BioSciences Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (J.M.); Tel.: +353-(0)21-490-1400 (J.M.)
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11
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Sibilio P, Bini S, Fiscon G, Sponziello M, Conte F, Pecce V, Durante C, Paci P, Falcone R, Norata GD, Farina L, Verrienti A. In silico drug repurposing in COVID-19: A network-based analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111954. [PMID: 34358753 PMCID: PMC8316014 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a worldwide public health emergency. Despite the beginning of a vaccination campaign, the search for new drugs to appropriately treat COVID-19 patients remains a priority. Drug repurposing represents a faster and cheaper method than de novo drug discovery. In this study, we examined three different network-based approaches to identify potentially repurposable drugs to treat COVID-19. We analyzed transcriptomic data from whole blood cells of patients with COVID-19 and 21 other related conditions, as compared with those of healthy subjects. In addition to conventionally used drugs (e.g., anticoagulants, antihistaminics, anti-TNFα antibodies, corticosteroids), unconventional candidate compounds, such as SCN5A inhibitors and drugs active in the central nervous system, were identified. Clinical judgment and validation through clinical trials are always mandatory before use of the identified drugs in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Sibilio
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Bini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiscon
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy; Fondazione per la Medicina Personalizzata, Via Goffredo Mameli, 3/1, Genova, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Sponziello
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Conte
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pecce
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Paci
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy; Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosa Falcone
- Phase 1 Unit-Clinical Trial Center Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Excellence in Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan and Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, SISA Bassini Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Farina
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Verrienti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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12
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Lopez-Charcas O, Pukkanasut P, Velu SE, Brackenbury WJ, Hales TG, Besson P, Gomora JC, Roger S. Pharmacological and nutritional targeting of voltage-gated sodium channels in the treatment of cancers. iScience 2021; 24:102270. [PMID: 33817575 PMCID: PMC8010468 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels, initially characterized in excitable cells, have been shown to be aberrantly expressed in non-excitable cancer tissues and cells from epithelial origins such as in breast, lung, prostate, colon, and cervix, whereas they are not expressed in cognate non-cancer tissues. Their activity was demonstrated to promote aggressive and invasive potencies of cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo, whereas their deregulated expression in cancer tissues has been associated with metastatic progression and cancer-related death. This review proposes NaV channels as pharmacological targets for anticancer treatments providing opportunities for repurposing existing NaV-inhibitors or developing new pharmacological and nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osbaldo Lopez-Charcas
- Université de Tours, EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Piyasuda Pukkanasut
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, CHEM 280. 901, 14th Street S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sadanandan E. Velu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, CHEM 280. 901, 14th Street S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - William J. Brackenbury
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Tim G. Hales
- Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Dundee, DD1 9SY, Dundee, UK
| | - Pierre Besson
- Université de Tours, EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Juan Carlos Gomora
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Circuito Exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510 México
| | - Sébastien Roger
- Université de Tours, EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032 Tours, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
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Dungan M, Carrithers MD. Regulation of expansion of CD11c + B cells and anti-viral immunity by epithelial V-like antigen. Immunobiology 2019; 225:151883. [PMID: 31818507 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prior work demonstrated that epithelial V-like antigen (EVA), a cell surface adhesion molecule, is expressed in B lymphocytes and is necessary for the efficacy of anti-alpha4 integrin treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the mouse model of human multiple sclerosis. EVA deficiency is associated with a severe clinical phenotype of EAE in the presence or absence of treatment. Histological analysis revealed enhanced B cell-mediated autoimmunity and deposition of antibody and complement within the brain and spinal cord. Here our goal was to determine the molecular mechanism of EVA regulation of B lymphocyte function. Analysis of bone marrow from MOG-immunized mice revealed increased expansion of CD11c+ B cells in EVA-deficient mice as compared to wild type controls. In vitro studies of mouse bone marrow B lymphocytes revealed enhanced proliferation of the CD11c+ population in response to the Tlr7/8 agonist R848. An increase in R848-induced proliferation of CD11c+ B cells was also seen in vitro in Daudi cells, a human B cell line, following knockdown of the mpzl2 gene that encodes EVA. These mechanisms were characterized further by global expression analysis of bone marrow from immunized EVA-deficient and wild type control mice. These data revealed increased expression of B cell associated genes and decreased expression of the anti-viral oligoadenylate synthase genes, Oas1 and Oas2, in the knockout condition. In Daudi cells, R848 treatment induced an increase in Oas2 expression in control cells that was not observed in EVA-deficient cells. EVA deficiency also was associated with increased transcription of an Epstein-Barr virus gene during lytic replication. These results suggest EVA expression and signaling prevent expansion of CD11c+ B lymphocytes, a cellular phenotype associated with autoimmunity, increase expression of anti-viral oligoadenylate synthase genes, and reduce replication of a DNA virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dungan
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Michael D Carrithers
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Sodium Channel Nav1.3 Is Expressed by Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils during Mouse Heart and Kidney Ischemia In Vivo and Regulates Adhesion, Transmigration, and Chemotaxis of Human and Mouse Neutrophils In Vitro. Anesthesiology 2019; 128:1151-1166. [PMID: 29509584 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voltage-gated sodium channels generate action potentials in excitable cells, but they have also been attributed noncanonical roles in nonexcitable cells. We hypothesize that voltage-gated sodium channels play a functional role during extravasation of neutrophils. METHODS Expression of voltage-gated sodium channels was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Distribution of Nav1.3 was determined by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry in mouse models of ischemic heart and kidney injury. Adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis of neutrophils to endothelial cells and collagen were investigated with voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitors and lidocaine in vitro. Sodium currents were examined with a whole cell patch clamp. RESULTS Mouse and human neutrophils express multiple voltage-gated sodium channels. Only Nav1.3 was detected in neutrophils recruited to ischemic mouse heart (25 ± 7%, n = 14) and kidney (19 ± 2%, n = 6) in vivo. Endothelial adhesion of mouse neutrophils was reduced by tetrodotoxin (56 ± 9%, unselective Nav-inhibitor), ICA121431 (53 ± 10%), and Pterinotoxin-2 (55 ± 9%; preferential inhibitors of Nav1.3, n = 10). Tetrodotoxin (56 ± 19%), ICA121431 (62 ± 22%), and Pterinotoxin-2 (59 ± 22%) reduced transmigration of human neutrophils through endothelial cells, and also prevented chemotactic migration (n = 60, 3 × 20 cells). Lidocaine reduced neutrophil adhesion to 60 ± 9% (n = 10) and transmigration to 54 ± 8% (n = 9). The effect of lidocaine was not increased by ICA121431 or Pterinotoxin-2. CONCLUSIONS Nav1.3 is expressed in neutrophils in vivo; regulates attachment, transmigration, and chemotaxis in vitro; and may serve as a relevant target for antiinflammatory effects of lidocaine.
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15
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White CR, Dungan M, Carrithers MD. Activation of human macrophage sodium channels regulates RNA processing to increase expression of the DNA repair protein PPP1R10. Immunobiology 2019; 224:80-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cultrara CN, Kozuch SD, Ramasundaram P, Heller CJ, Shah S, Beck AE, Sabatino D, Zilberberg J. GRP78 modulates cell adhesion markers in prostate Cancer and multiple myeloma cell lines. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1263. [PMID: 30563499 PMCID: PMC6299583 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a resident chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum and a master regulator of the unfolded protein response under physiological and pathological cell stress conditions. GRP78 is overexpressed in many cancers, regulating a variety of signaling pathways associated with tumor initiation, proliferation, adhesion and invasion which contributes to metastatic spread. GRP78 can also regulate cell survival and apoptotic pathways to alter responsiveness to anticancer drugs. Tumors that reside in or metastasize to the bone and bone marrow (BM) space can develop pro-survival signals through their direct adhesive interactions with stromal elements of this niche thereby resisting the cytotoxic effects of drug treatment. In this study, we report a direct correlation between GRP78 and the adhesion molecule N-cadherin (N-cad), known to play a critical role in the adhesive interactions of multiple myeloma and metastatic prostate cancer with the bone microenvironment. Methods N-cad expression levels (transcription and protein) were evaluated upon siRNA mediated silencing of GRP78 in the MM.1S multiple myeloma and the PC3 metastatic prostate cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of GRP78 knockdown (KD) on epithelial-mesenchymal (EMT) transition markers, morphological changes and adhesion of PC3 cells. Results GRP78 KD led to concomitant downregulation of N-cad in both tumors types. In PC3 cells, GRP78 KD significantly decreased E-cadherin (E-cad) expression likely associated with the induction in TGF-β1 expression. Furthermore, GRP78 KD also triggered drastic changes in PC3 cells morphology and decreased their adhesion to osteoblasts (OSB) dependent, in part, to the reduced N-cad expression. Conclusion This work implicates GRP78 as a modulator of cell adhesion markers in MM and PCa. Our results may have clinical implications underscoring GRP78 as a potential therapeutic target to reduce the adhesive nature of metastatic tumors to the bone niche. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5178-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N Cultrara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - Stephen D Kozuch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - Poornema Ramasundaram
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, 340 Kingsland Street, Building 102, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Claudia J Heller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - Sunil Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - Adah E Beck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - David Sabatino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - Jenny Zilberberg
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, 340 Kingsland Street, Building 102, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA.
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Martin-Gayo E, Cole MB, Kolb KE, Ouyang Z, Cronin J, Kazer SW, Ordovas-Montanes J, Lichterfeld M, Walker BD, Yosef N, Shalek AK, Yu XG. A Reproducibility-Based Computational Framework Identifies an Inducible, Enhanced Antiviral State in Dendritic Cells from HIV-1 Elite Controllers. Genome Biol 2018; 19:10. [PMID: 29378643 PMCID: PMC5789701 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunity relies on the coordinated responses of many cellular subsets and functional states. Inter-individual variations in cellular composition and communication could thus potentially alter host protection. Here, we explore this hypothesis by applying single-cell RNA-sequencing to examine viral responses among the dendritic cells (DCs) of three elite controllers (ECs) of HIV-1 infection. RESULTS To overcome the potentially confounding effects of donor-to-donor variability, we present a generally applicable computational framework for identifying reproducible patterns in gene expression across donors who share a unifying classification. Applying it, we discover a highly functional antiviral DC state in ECs whose fractional abundance after in vitro exposure to HIV-1 correlates with higher CD4+ T cell counts and lower HIV-1 viral loads, and that effectively primes polyfunctional T cell responses in vitro. By integrating information from existing genomic databases into our reproducibility-based analysis, we identify and validate select immunomodulators that increase the fractional abundance of this state in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results demonstrate how single-cell approaches can reveal previously unappreciated, yet important, immune behaviors and empower rational frameworks for modulating systems-level immune responses that may prove therapeutically and prophylactically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael B Cole
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kellie E Kolb
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES) and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhengyu Ouyang
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Samuel W Kazer
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES) and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES) and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mathias Lichterfeld
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Nir Yosef
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES) and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Xu G Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Champion M, Brennan K, Croonenborghs T, Gentles AJ, Pochet N, Gevaert O. Module Analysis Captures Pancancer Genetically and Epigenetically Deregulated Cancer Driver Genes for Smoking and Antiviral Response. EBioMedicine 2018; 27:156-166. [PMID: 29331675 PMCID: PMC5828545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of increasing volumes of multi-omics profiles across many cancers promises to improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying cancer. The main challenge is to integrate these multiple levels of omics profiles and especially to analyze them across many cancers. Here we present AMARETTO, an algorithm that addresses both challenges in three steps. First, AMARETTO identifies potential cancer driver genes through integration of copy number, DNA methylation and gene expression data. Then AMARETTO connects these driver genes with co-expressed target genes that they control, defined as regulatory modules. Thirdly, we connect AMARETTO modules identified from different cancer sites into a pancancer network to identify cancer driver genes. Here we applied AMARETTO in a pancancer study comprising eleven cancer sites and confirmed that AMARETTO captures hallmarks of cancer. We also demonstrated that AMARETTO enables the identification of novel pancancer driver genes. In particular, our analysis led to the identification of pancancer driver genes of smoking-induced cancers and 'antiviral' interferon-modulated innate immune response. SOFTWARE AVAILABILITY AMARETTO is available as an R package at https://bitbucket.org/gevaertlab/pancanceramaretto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Champion
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), Department of Medicine & Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, United States
| | - Kevin Brennan
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), Department of Medicine & Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, United States
| | - Tom Croonenborghs
- Program in Translational Neuropsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States; Advanced Integrated Sensing Lab, Campus Geel, Department of Computer Science, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrew J Gentles
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Stanford University, United States
| | - Nathalie Pochet
- Program in Translational Neuropsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), Department of Medicine & Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, United States.
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Disease & Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Lee C, Jones A, Kainz D, Khan F, Carrithers MD. A sodium channel variant in Aedes aegypti as a candidate pathogen sensor for viral-associated molecular patterns. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:1203-9. [PMID: 26086103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent work demonstrated that a splice variant of a human macrophage voltage-gated sodium channel expressed on endosomes acts as an intracellular sensor for dsRNA, a viral-associated molecular pattern. Here our goal was to identify a candidate gene in a clinically relevant invertebrate model with related cellular and pattern recognition properties. The para gene in drosophila and other insects encodes voltage-gated sodium channels with similar electrophysiological properties to those found in vertebrate excitable membranes. A database search revealed that the AAEL006019 gene in Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, encodes a voltage-gated sodium channel that is distinct from genes that encode para-like sodium channels. As compared to para-like channels, the protein products from this gene have deletions in the N-terminus and in the DII-DIII linker region. When over-expressed in an Aedes aegypti cell line, CCL-125, the AAEL006019 channel demonstrated cytoplasmic expression on vesicular-like organelles. Electrophysiologic analysis revealed that the channel mediates small inward currents that are enhanced by synthetic mimics of viral-derived ssRNA, R848 and ORN02, but not the dsRNA mimic, poly I:C. R848 treatment of CCL-125 cells that express high levels of the channels led to increased expression of RelA and Ago2, two mediators of insect innate immunity. These results suggest that the AAEL006019 channel acts as an intracellular pathogen sensor for ssRNA molecular patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Lee
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexis Jones
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Danielle Kainz
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Faatima Khan
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael D Carrithers
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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