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Kranrod J, Konkel A, Valencia R, Darwesh AM, Fischer R, Schunck WH, Seubert JM. Cardioprotective properties of OMT-28, a synthetic analog of omega-3 epoxyeicosanoids. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107372. [PMID: 38754781 PMCID: PMC11214398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OMT-28 is a metabolically robust small molecule developed to mimic the structure and function of omega-3 epoxyeicosanoids. However, it remained unknown to what extent OMT-28 also shares the cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of its natural counterparts. To address this question, we analyzed the ability of OMT-28 to ameliorate hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR)-injury and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia in cultured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, we investigated the potential of OMT-28 to limit functional damage and inflammasome activation in isolated perfused mouse hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. In the HR model, OMT-28 (1 μM) treatment largely preserved cell viability (about 75 versus 40% with the vehicle) and mitochondrial function as indicated by the maintenance of NAD+/NADH-, ADP/ATP-, and respiratory control ratios. Moreover, OMT-28 blocked the HR-induced production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Pharmacological inhibition experiments suggested that Gαi, PI3K, PPARα, and Sirt1 are essential components of the OMT-28-mediated pro-survival pathway. Counteracting inflammatory injury of cardiomyocytes, OMT-28 (1 μM) reduced LPS-induced increases in TNFα protein (by about 85% versus vehicle) and NF-κB DNA binding (by about 70% versus vehicle). In the ex vivo model, OMT-28 improved post-IR myocardial function recovery to reach about 40% of the baseline value compared to less than 20% with the vehicle. Furthermore, OMT-28 (1 μM) limited IR-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation similarly to a direct NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950). Overall, this study demonstrates that OMT-28 possesses potent cardio-protective and anti-inflammatory properties supporting the hypothesis that extending the bioavailability of omega-3 epoxyeicosanoids may improve their prospects as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kranrod
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Robert Valencia
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ahmed M Darwesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - John M Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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2
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Guan S, Hu T, Chen L, Li Z, Lin Z, Lei J, Shen J. A novel PPARβ/FFA1 dual agonist Y8 promotes diabetic wound healing. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 958:175934. [PMID: 37562666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes ulcer is one of the leading causes of disability and death in diabetics. Y8 [(2-(2-fluoro-4-((4-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiazol-5-yl)methoxy) phenoxy)acetic acid)], a dual agonist of peroxisome proliferation activated receptorβ (PPARβ) and free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/FFAR1/GPR40), a new compound molecule with the potential for diabetes ulcer treatment. OBJECTIVE To research the effect of the dual target agonist Y8 and its mechanism of action in the treatment of diabetic ulcers. METHODS We have established a wound model in diabetic mice. After treatment with Y8, wound healing was evaluated by tissue pathology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and gene expression testing. Under high sugar conditions, the mechanism of Y8 affecting fibroblasts' proliferation and keratinocytes' migration is further studied. RESULTS We found that Y8 accelerated wound healing and shortened healing time in diabetic mice. Granulation tissue generation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition were significantly increased in Y8-treated mice. Mechanistically, Y8 promotes keratinocyte proliferation by activating PPARβ and migration of keratinocytes by triggering FFA1 in vitro. In addition, Y8 also decreased ROS levels in fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo by activating PPARβ, reducing their release of superoxide anions. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PPARβ/FFA1 dual agonist Y8 has the effect of promoting the healing of diabetic ulcer wounds in vivo and in vitro, and its therapeutic effect is better than that of single-target agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Guan
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Tingting Hu
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Liushan Chen
- Department of Breast, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China.
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhenming Lin
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Jinping Lei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Juan Shen
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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3
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Burgermeister E. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear Hormone Receptor Crosstalk in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13661. [PMID: 37686465 PMCID: PMC10488039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The three major MAP-kinase (MAPK) pathways, ERK1/2, p38 and JNK/SAPK, are upstream regulators of the nuclear "hormone" receptor superfamily (NHRSF), with a prime example given by the estrogen receptor in breast cancer. These ligand-activated transcription factors exert non-genomic and genomic functions, where they are either post-translationally modified by phosphorylation or directly interact with components of the MAPK pathways, events that govern their transcriptional activity towards target genes involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, metabolism and host immunity. This molecular crosstalk takes place not only in normal epithelial or tumor cells, but also in a plethora of immune cells from the adaptive and innate immune system in the tumor-stroma tissue microenvironment. Thus, the drugability of both the MAPK and the NHRSF pathways suggests potential for intervention therapies, especially for cancer immunotherapy. This review summarizes the existing literature covering the expression and function of NHRSF subclasses in human tumors, both solid and leukemias, and their effects in combination with current clinically approved therapeutics against immune checkpoint molecules (e.g., PD1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Burgermeister
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
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4
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Kim DY, Sung JH. The effects of GPR40 agonists on hair growth are mediated by ANGPTL4. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114509. [PMID: 37002580 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR40 is found primarily in pancreatic β cells, and is well known to regulate insulin secretion. Despite numerous studies on GPR40, the role and functions of GPR40 related to hair growth are not yet known. The current study investigated hair growth promoting effect of the GPR40 agonists and its mechanism of action using various bio-informatics tools, in vitro and animal experiments. GPR40 may affect the hair cycle, according to clustering and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Hair growth effect of GPR40 was validated by telogen-to-anagen transition and vibrissae organ culture in the mouse. GPR40 was predominantly expressed in the outer root sheath (ORS) in anagen stage, suggesting that ORS cell is the target of GPR40 agonists. To investigate the mechanism of action for GPR40 agonists' hair growth effect, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed and it revealed that GPR40 agonists were associated with angiogenesis. ANGPTL4, known for promoting angiogenesis, was highly up-regulated after GPR40 agonists treatment in the hORS cells, and also increased the proliferation and migration. Furthermore, GPR40 agonists promoted hair growth by inducing angiogenesis via ANGPTL4 in the animal experiment. GPR40 agonists activated MAPK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARγ) pathway in hORS cells, while the inhibition of MAPK pathway attenuated ANGPTL4 expression. Finally, GPR40 agonists increased hair growth via autocrine effects in the ORS cells, and induced angiogenesis through paracrine effects by upregulating ANGPTL4 via p38 and PPARγ pathways. As a result, GPR40 agonists have potential as a therapeutic drug for hair loss treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo Yeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea; Epi Biotech Co., Ltd. Incheon, South Korea.
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Wang M, Yu F. Research Progress on the Anticancer Activities and Mechanisms of Polysaccharides From Ganoderma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:891171. [PMID: 35865946 PMCID: PMC9294232 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.891171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer ranks as a primary reason for death worldwide. Conventional anticancer therapies can cause severe side effects, and thus natural products may be promising drug candidates for cancer therapy. Accumulating evidence has verified the prominent anticancer properties of Ganoderma polysaccharides, suggesting that Ganoderma polysaccharides may be effective chemopreventive agents of natural origin. Based on their abilities to prevent cancer development by regulating the DNA damage response, cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, host immunity, gut microbiota and therapeutic sensitivity, there has been increasing interest in elucidating the clinical implication of Ganoderma polysaccharides in cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize recent findings pertaining to the roles of bioactive polysaccharides from Ganoderma in cancer pathogenesis, discuss the multifarious mechanisms involved and propose future directions for research. A more sophisticated understanding of the anticancer benefits of Ganoderma polysaccharides will be helpful for improving current treatments and developing novel therapeutic interventions for human malignancies.
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Qaoud MT, Almasri I, Önkol T. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors as Superior Targets for Treating Diabetic Disease, Design Strategies - Review Article. Turk J Pharm Sci 2022; 19:353-370. [PMID: 35775494 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.70105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinedione (TZD), a class of drugs that are mainly used to control type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), acts fundamentally as a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Besides activating pathways responsible for glycemic control by enhancing insulin sensitivity and lipid homeostasis, activating PPARs leads to exciting other pathways related to bone formation, inflammation, and cell proliferation. Unfortunately, this diverse effect of activating several pathways may show in some studies adverse health outcomes as osteological, hepatic, cardiovascular, and carcinogenic effects. Thus, a silver demand is present to find and develop new active and potent antiglycemic drugs for treating T2DM. To achieve this goal, the structure of TZD for research is considered a leading structure domain. This review will guide future research in the design of novel TZD derivatives by highlighting the general modifications conducted on the structure component of TZD scaffold affecting their potency, binding efficacy, and selectivity for the control of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed T Qaoud
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ihab Almasri
- Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Tijen Önkol
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ankara, Türkiye.,We commemorate late Prof. Dr. Tijen Önkol with mercy and respect on this occasion. IEO, BK, SAE (The Editorial Board)
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7
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Königs V, Pierre S, Schicht M, Welss J, Hahnefeld L, Rimola V, Lütjen-Drecoll E, Geisslinger G, Scholich K. GPR40 Activation Abolishes Diabetes-Induced Painful Neuropathy by Suppressing VEGF-A Expression. Diabetes 2022; 71:774-787. [PMID: 35061031 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is a promising target to support glucose-induced insulin release in patients with type 2 diabetes. We studied the role of GPR40 in the regulation of blood-nerve barrier integrity and its involvement in diabetes-induced neuropathies. Because GPR40 modulates insulin release, we used the streptozotocin model for type 1 diabetes, in which GPR40 functions can be investigated independently of its effects on insulin release. Diabetic wild-type mice exhibited increased vascular endothelial permeability and showed epineural microlesions in sciatic nerves, which were also observed in naïve GPR40-/- mice. Fittingly, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), an inducer of vascular permeability, was increased in diabetic wild-type and naïve GPR40-/- mice. GPR40 antagonists increased VEGF-A expression in murine and human endothelial cells as well as permeability of transendothelial barriers. In contrast, GPR40 agonists suppressed VEGF-A release and mRNA expression. The VEGF receptor inhibitor axitinib prevented diabetes-induced hypersensitivities and reduced endothelial and epineural permeability. Importantly, the GPR40 agonist GW9508 reverted established diabetes-induced hypersensitivity, an effect that was blocked by VEGF-A administration. Thus, GPR40 activation suppresses VEGF-A expression, thereby reducing diabetes-induced blood-nerve barrier permeability and reverting diabetes-induced hypersensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Königs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Schicht
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jessica Welss
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Hahnefeld
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vittoria Rimola
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elke Lütjen-Drecoll
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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8
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Leong W, Huang G, Liao W, Xia W, Li X, Su Z, Liu L, Wu Q, Wong VKW, Law BYK, Xia C, Guo X, Khan I, Wendy Hsiao WL. Traditional Patchouli Essential Oil modulates the host's immune responses and gut microbiota and exhibits potent anti-cancer effects in Apc Min/+ mice. Pharmacol Res 2022; 176:106082. [PMID: 35032662 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patchouli Essential Oil (PEO) has been used as a scent for various healing purposes since the ancient Egyptian period. The primary source of the oil is Pogostemon cablin (PC), a medicinal plant for treating gastrointestinal symptoms. However, the pharmacological function has not been addressed. Here, we report the cancer prevention and gut microbiota (GM) modulating property of PEO and its derivatives patchouli alcohol (PA) and pogostone (PO) in the ApcMin/+ colorectal cancer mice model. We found that PEO, PA, and PO significantly reduced the tumor burden. At the same time, it strengthened the epithelial barrier, evidenced by substantially increasing the number of the goblet and Paneth cells and upregulation of tight junction and adhesion molecules. In addition, PEO, PA, and PO shifted M1 to M2 macrophage phenotypes and remodeled the inflammatory milieu of ApcMin/+ mice. We also found suppression of CD4+CD25+ and stimulation CD4+ CD8+ cells in the spleen, blood, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and Peyer's patches (PPs) of the treated mice. The composition of the gut microbiome of the drug-treated mice was distinct from the control mice. The drugs stimulated the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producers and the key SCFA-sensing receptors (GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109a). The activation of SCFAs/GPSs also triggered the alterations of PPAR-γ, PYY, and HSDCs signaling mediators in the treated mice. Our work showed that PEO and its derivatives exert potent anti-cancer effects by modulating gut microbiota and improving the intestinal microenvironment of the Apcmin/+ mice. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: The gut microbiota data discussed in this manuscript have been deposited in SRA NCBI and are accessible via project no. PRJNA559033.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waikit Leong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Guoxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Weilin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Wenrui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Xiaoang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Imran Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - W L Wendy Hsiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
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Colonic Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Act as a Source of Energy and for Colon Maintenance but Are Not Utilized to Acylate Ghrelin. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113807. [PMID: 34836064 PMCID: PMC8617845 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of microbiota to produce medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and related consequences for the gastrointestinal (GI) tract have never been reported before. We verified the impact of nutrition-related factors on fatty acid (FAs) production and found that caloric restriction decreased levels of most of MCFAs in the mouse cecum, whereas overnight fasting reduced the levels of acetate and butyrate but increased propionate and laurate. A diet high in soluble fibre boosted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and caproate whereas a high-cellulose diet did not have an effect or decreased the levels of some of the FAs. Rectal infusion of caprylate resulted in its rapid metabolism for energy production. Repeated 10-day MCFA infusion impacted epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) weight and lipid accumulation. Repeated infusion of caprylate rectally tended to increase the concentration of active ghrelin in mice plasma; however, this increase was not statistically significant. In Caco-2 cells, caprylate increased the expression of Fabp2, Pdk4, Tlr3, and Gpr40 genes as well as counteracted TNFα-triggered downregulation of Pparγ, Occludin, and Zonulin mRNA expression. In conclusion, we show that colonic MCFAs can be rapidly utilized as a source of energy or stored as a lipid supply. Further, locally produced caprylate may impact metabolism and inflammatory parameters in the colon.
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Hwang M, Kim HS, Jin SM, Hur KY, Kim JH, Lee MK. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) enhance insulin secretory response via GPR40 and adenylate cyclase (AC). J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8137-8147. [PMID: 34133753 PMCID: PMC9290135 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones are synthetic PPARγ ligands that enhance insulin sensitivity, and that could increase insulin secretion from β‐cells. However, the functional role and mechanism(s) of action in pancreatic β‐cells have not been investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Sup Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Man Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Kyu Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Uijeongbu Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
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Mishra S, Rajput MS, Rathore D, Dahima R. Ligand and structure-based computational designing of multi-target molecules directing FFAR-1, FFAR-4 and PPAR-G as modulators of insulin receptor activity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:6974-6988. [PMID: 33648410 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1892528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Multi-agent therapies are an important treatment modality in many diseases based on the assumption that combining agents may result in increased therapeutic benefit by overcoming the mechanism of resistance and providing superior efficiency. Extensively validated 3D pharmacophore models for free fatty acid receptor-1 (FFAR-1), free fatty acid receptor-4 (FFAR-4), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-G (PPAR-G) was developed. The pharmacophore model for FFAR-1 (r2 = 0.98, q2 = 0.90) and PPAR-G (r2 = 0.89, q2 = 0.88) suggested that one hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrogen bond donor, three aromatic rings, and two hydrophobic groups arranged in 3D space are essential for the binding affinity of FFAR-1 and PPAR-G inhibitors. Similarly, the pharmacophore model for FFAR-4 (r2 = 0.92, q2 = 0.87) suggested that the presence of a hydrogen bond acceptor, one negative atom, two aromatic rings, and three hydrophobic groups plays a vital role in the binding of an inhibitor of FFAR-4. These pharmacophore models allowed searches for novel FFAR-1, PPAR-G, and FFAR-4 triple inhibitors from multi-conformer 3D databases (Asinex). Finally, the twenty-five best hits were selected for molecular docking, to study the interaction of their complexes with all the proteins and final binding orientations of these molecules. After molecular docking, ten hits have been predicted to possess good binding affinity as per the Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) calculation for FFAR-1, FFAR-4, and PPAR-G which can be further investigated for its experimental in-vitro/in-vivo anti-diabetic activities.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mithun Singh Rajput
- School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Devashish Rathore
- School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Dahima
- School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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12
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Sayers NS, Anujan P, Yu HN, Palmer SS, Nautiyal J, Franks S, Hanyaloglu AC. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Induces Lipid Droplets via Gαi/o and β-Arrestin in an Endometrial Cancer Cell Line. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:798866. [PMID: 35185785 PMCID: PMC8850301 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.798866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and its G protein-coupled receptor, FSHR, represents a paradigm for receptor signaling systems that activate multiple and complex pathways. Classically, FSHR activates Gαs to increase intracellular levels of cAMP, but its ability to activate other G proteins, and β-arrestin-mediated signaling is well documented in many different cell systems. The pleiotropic signal capacity of FSHR offers a mechanism for how FSH drives multiple and dynamic downstream functions in both gonadal and non-gonadal cell types, including distinct diseases, and how signal bias may be achieved at a pharmacological and cell system-specific manner. In this study, we identify an additional mechanism of FSH-mediated signaling and downstream function in the endometrial adenocarcinoma Ishikawa cell line. While FSH did not induce increases in cAMP levels, this hormone potently activated pertussis toxin sensitive Gαi/o signaling. A selective allosteric FSHR ligand, B3, also activated Gαi/o signaling in these cells, supporting a role for receptor-mediated activation despite the low levels of FSHR mRNA. The low expression levels may attribute to the lack of Gαs/cAMP signaling as increasing FSHR expression resulted in FSH-mediated activation of the Gαs pathway. Unlike prior reports for FSH-mediated Gαs/cAMP signaling, FSH-mediated Gαi/o signaling was not affected by inhibition of dynamin-dependent receptor internalization. While chronic FSH did not alter cell viability, FSH was able to increase lipid droplet size. The β-arrestins are key adaptor proteins known to regulate FSHR signaling. Indeed, a rapid, FSH-dependent increase in interactions between β-arrestin1 and Gαi1 was observed via NanoBiT complementation in Ishikawa cells. Furthermore, both inhibition of Gαi/o signaling and siRNA knockdown of β-arrestin 1/2 significantly reduced FSH-induced lipid droplet accumulation, implying a role for a Gαi/o/β-arrestin complex in FSH functions in this cell type. As FSH/FSHR has been implicated in distinct hormone-dependent cancers, including endometrial cancer, analysis of the cancer genome database from 575 human endometrial adenocarcinoma tumors revealed that a subpopulation of samples expressed FSHR. Overall, this study highlights a novel mechanism for FSHR signal pleiotropy that may be exploited for future personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh S. Sayers
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Priyanka Anujan
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry N. Yu
- CanWell Pharma Inc., Wellesley, MA, United States
| | - Stephen S. Palmer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jaya Nautiyal
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Franks
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aylin C. Hanyaloglu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Aylin C. Hanyaloglu,
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13
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Kuranov SO, Luzina OA, Salakhutdinov NF. FFA1 (GPR40) Receptor Agonists Based on Phenylpropanoic Acid as Hypoglycemic Agents: Structure–Activity Relationship. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020060151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Mishra AP, Siva AB, Gurunathan C, Komala Y, Lakshmi BJ. Impaired liver regeneration and lipid homeostasis in CCl 4 treated WDR13 deficient mice. Lab Anim Res 2020; 36:41. [PMID: 33292732 PMCID: PMC7666495 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-020-00076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
WDR13 - a WD repeat protein, is abundant in pancreas, liver, ovary and testis. Absence of this protein in mice has been seen to be associated with pancreatic β-cell proliferation, hyperinsulinemia and age dependent mild obesity. Previously, we have reported that the absence of WDR13 in diabetic Leprdb/db mice helps in amelioration of fatty liver phenotype along with diabetes and systemic inflammation. This intrigued us to study direct liver injury and hepatic regeneration in Wdr13−/0 mice using hepatotoxin CCl4. In the present study we report slower hepatic regeneration in Wdr13−/0 mice as compared to their wild type littermates after CCl4 administration. Interestingly, during the regeneration phase, hepatic hypertriglyceridemia was observed in Wdr13−/0 mice. Further analyses revealed an upregulation of PPAR pathway in the liver of CCl4- administered Wdr13−/0 mice, causing de novo lipogenesis. The slower hepatic regeneration observed in CCl4 administered Wdr13−/0 mice, may be linked to liver hypertriglyceridemia because of activation of PPAR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Archana B Siva
- CSIR- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | | | - Y Komala
- CSIR- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - B Jyothi Lakshmi
- CSIR- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
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15
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Dragano NR, Monfort-Pires M, Velloso LA. Mechanisms Mediating the Actions of Fatty Acids in the Hypothalamus. Neuroscience 2020; 447:15-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Xia W, Khan I, Li XA, Huang G, Yu Z, Leong WK, Han R, Ho LT, Wendy Hsiao WL. Adaptogenic flower buds exert cancer preventive effects by enhancing the SCFA-producers, strengthening the epithelial tight junction complex and immune responses. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104809. [PMID: 32502642 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbiome therapy has attracted a keen interest from both research and business sectors. Our lab has been applying this "second genome" platform to assess the functionality of herbal medicines with fulfilling results. In this study, we applied this platform to assess the potential cancer-preventive effects of three selected adaptogenic plants. The flower buds from these plants were used to constitute Preparations SL and FSP according to the receipts of two commonly consumed Chinese medicinal decoctions for gastrointestinal discomfort. Preparation SL contains Sophorae japonica and Lonicerae Japonicae, and Preparation FSP contains Sophorae japonica and Gardenia Jasminoides. SL and FSP extracts significantly (p < 0.001) lowered the polyp burden, as well as the expressions of oncogenic signaling molecules, such as MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and STAT3 in ApcMin/+ mice. The inflamed gut was alleviated by shifting M1 to M2 macrophage phenotypes and the associated immune cytokines. The other remarkable change was on the extracellular tight junction protein complex, where the occludin, ZO-1, ICAM-1, E-cadherin were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated while the N-cadherin and β-catenin were downregulated in the treated mice. The above physiological changes in the gut epithelial barrier were companied with the changes in gut microbiome. The 16S Sequencing data revealed a marked decrease in the potential pathogens (especially Helicobacter species and hydrogen sulfide producing-bacteria) and the increase in beneficial bacteria (especially for species from the genera of Akkermansia, Barnesiella, Coprococcus, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus). The majority of which were the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers. Meanwhile SCFAs-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109a were also significantly upregulated. In a recent report, we proved that the bacteria-derived SCFAs plays an essential role to the anti-cancer effects of the mushroom polysaccharides and saponins in ApcMin/+ mice. In this study, we further demonstrated that butyrate treatment could enhance the extracellular tight junction protein complex as effective as the treatments with SL and FSP to the ApcMin/+ mice. Our findings provide strong evidence of the vital role of the SCFA-producers and their metabolites to the cancer-preventive properties of the SL and FSP preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
| | - Imran Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
| | - Xiao-Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
| | - Guoxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
| | - Zhiling Yu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wai Kit Leong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
| | - Ruixuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
| | - Leung Tsun Ho
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
| | - W L Wendy Hsiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
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17
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Li Z, Zhou Z, Zhang L. Current status of GPR40/FFAR1 modulators in medicinal chemistry (2016–2019): a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 30:27-38. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1698546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of ordinary universities of Guangdong province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zongtao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of ordinary universities of Guangdong province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
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18
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Khan I, Huang G, Li XA, Liao W, Leong WK, Xia W, Bian X, Wu J, Hsiao WW. Mushroom polysaccharides and jiaogulan saponins exert cancer preventive effects by shaping the gut microbiota and microenvironment in Apc mice. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Gogg S, Nerstedt A, Boren J, Smith U. Human adipose tissue microvascular endothelial cells secrete PPARγ ligands and regulate adipose tissue lipid uptake. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125914. [PMID: 30843883 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose cells cannot secrete endogenous PPARγ ligands and are dependent on unknown exogenous sources. We postulated that the adipose tissue microvascular endothelial cells (aMVECs) cross-talk with the adipose cells for fatty acid (FA) transport and storage and also may secrete PPARγ ligands. We isolated aMVECs from human subcutaneous adipose tissue and showed that in these cells, but not in (pre)adipocytes from the same donors, exogenous FAs increased cellular PPARγ activation and markedly increased FA transport and the transporters FABP4 and CD36. Importantly, aMVECs only accumulated small lipid droplets and could not be differentiated to adipose cells and are not adipose precursor cells. FA exchange between aMVECs and adipose cells was bidirectional, and FA-induced PPARγ activation in aMVECs was dependent on functional adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) protein while deleting hormone-sensitive lipase in aMVECs had no effect. aMVECs also released lipids to the medium, which activated PPARγ in reporter cells as well as in adipose cells in coculture experiments, and this positive cross-talk was also dependent on functional ATGL in aMVECs. In sum, aMVECs are highly specialized endothelial cells, cannot be differentiated to adipose cells, are adapted to regulating lipid transport and secreting lipids that activate PPARγ, and thus, regulate adipose cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gogg
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research and
| | | | - Jan Boren
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Smith
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research and
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20
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Zhu K, Qian L, Lin Y, An L, Mu G, Ma G, Ren L. Pioglitazone Ameliorates Atorvastatin-Induced Islet Cell Dysfunction through Activation of FFA1 in INS-1 Cells. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:5245063. [PMID: 30863781 PMCID: PMC6378042 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5245063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that statins increase the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus, but the exact mechanism is not clearly known. Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) has been recognized to mediate insulin secretion, and pioglitazone has direct effects on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in addition to the reversion of insulin resistance. In this study, we found that atorvastatin decreased potassium-stimulated insulin secretion and inhibited the expression of FFA1, PDX-1, and BETA2/NeuroD in INS-1 cells. Further study demonstrated that pioglitazone prevented the impairment of insulin secretion induced by atorvastatin and enhanced the expression of FFA1, PDX-1, and BETA2/NeuroD reduced by atorvastatin in INS-1 cells. In addition, the preventive effect of pioglitazone on atorvastatin-induced impairment of insulin secretion and the enhancement of the expression of PDX-1 and BETA2/NeuroD was abolished by knockdown of FFA1 using siRNA or the PLC inhibitor, U-73122, respectively. Ultimately, FFA1 may mediate the atorvastatin-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and pioglitazone may ameliorate this deleterious effect through the upregulation of FFA1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongbo Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Linglin Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanshan Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li An
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guangjian Mu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liqun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
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21
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Zarezadeh R, Mehdizadeh A, Leroy JLMR, Nouri M, Fayezi S, Darabi M. Action mechanisms of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the oocyte maturation and developmental competence: Potential advantages and disadvantages. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1016-1029. [PMID: 30073662 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Infertility is a growing problem worldwide. Currently, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is widely performed to treat infertility. However, a high percentage of IVF cycles fails, due to the poor developmental potential of the retrieved oocyte to generate viable embryos. Fatty acid content of the follicular microenvironment can affect oocyte maturation and the subsequent developmental competence. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are mainly used by follicle components as primary energy sources whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a wide range of roles. A large body of evidence supports the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs in prevention, treatment, and amelioration of some pathophysiological conditions including heart diseases, cancer, diabetes, and psychological disorders. Nevertheless, current findings regarding the effects of n-3 PUFAs on reproductive outcomes in general and on oocyte quality more specifically are inconsistent. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of potential molecular mechanisms by which n-3 PUFAs affect oocyte maturation and developmental competence, particularly in the setting of IVF and thereby aims to elucidate the reasons behind current discrepancies around this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zarezadeh
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jo L M R Leroy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Center, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Fayezi
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm U1091 - CNRS U7277, Nice 06034, France
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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22
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Li Q, Peng YS, Chen PJ, Wang ML, Cao C, Xiong H, Zhang J, Chen MH, Peng XB, Zeng K. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist-mediated inhibition of cell growth is independent of apoptosis in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6578-6584. [PMID: 29725405 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) acts as a tumor suppressor in multiple types of cancer; however, the role of action of PPAR-γ on human epidermoid carcinoma is unclear. The present study investigated the effects of a PPAR-γ agonist, rosiglitazone, on human epidermoid carcinoma cell growth using the A431 cell line. The effects of rosiglitazone on cell viability and proliferation were evaluated with MTS and [3H] thymidine incorporation assays. The effects of rosiglitazone on the cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry, and western blotting. It was identified that rosiglitazone inhibited A431 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, increased the proportion of cells in the G1 phase, but did not affect apoptosis. Consistently, there was a significant decrease in the expression of cell proliferation-associated proteins, including cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)2 and Cdk4 in A431 cells treated with rosiglitazone. This decrease was rescued by a selective antagonist of PPAR-γ or specific PPAR-γ small interfering RNAs. However, the ratio of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) to Bcl-2 associated X protein, which is associated with cell apoptosis, was not affected by these treatments. The data of the present study suggest that the PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone inhibits human epidermoid carcinoma cell growth through regulating the expression of the cell cycle-associated proteins, and that this effect is independent of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Sheng Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ping-Jiao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Lei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Can Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Hua Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Biao Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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23
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Colín-Lozano B, Estrada-Soto S, Chávez-Silva F, Gutiérrez-Hernández A, Cerón-Romero L, Giacoman-Martínez A, Almanza-Pérez JC, Hernández-Núñez E, Wang Z, Xie X, Cappiello M, Balestri F, Mura U, Navarrete-Vazquez G. Design, Synthesis and in Combo Antidiabetic Bioevaluation of Multitarget Phenylpropanoic Acids. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020340. [PMID: 29415496 PMCID: PMC6017591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized a small series of five 3-[4-arylmethoxy)phenyl]propanoic acids employing an easy and short synthetic pathway. The compounds were tested in vitro against a set of four protein targets identified as key elements in diabetes: G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), aldose reductase (AKR1B1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gama (PPARγ) and solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4 (GLUT-4). Compound 1 displayed an EC50 value of 0.075 μM against GPR40 and was an AKR1B1 inhibitor, showing IC50 = 7.4 μM. Compounds 2 and 3 act as slightly AKR1B1 inhibitors, potent GPR40 agonists and showed an increase of 2 to 4-times in the mRNA expression of PPARγ, as well as the GLUT-4 levels. Docking studies were conducted in order to explain the polypharmacological mode of action and the interaction binding mode of the most active molecules on these targets, showing several coincidences with co-crystal ligands. Compounds 1–3 were tested in vivo at an explorative 100 mg/kg dose, being 2 and 3 orally actives, reducing glucose levels in a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mice model. Compounds 2 and 3 displayed robust in vitro potency and in vivo efficacy, and could be considered as promising multitarget antidiabetic candidates. This is the first report of a single molecule with these four polypharmacological target action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Colín-Lozano
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Fabiola Chávez-Silva
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | | | - Litzia Cerón-Romero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Abraham Giacoman-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico.
| | - Julio Cesar Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico.
| | - Emanuel Hernández-Núñez
- Cátedra CONACyT, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico.
| | - Zhilong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China, (Z.W.).
| | - Xin Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China, (Z.W.).
| | - Mario Cappiello
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesco Balestri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Umberto Mura
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vazquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
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24
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Riddy DM, Delerive P, Summers RJ, Sexton PM, Langmead CJ. G Protein–Coupled Receptors Targeting Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 70:39-67. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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25
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Chen C, Peng S, Chen F, Liu L, Li Z, Zeng G, Huang Q. Protective effects of pioglitazone on vascular endothelial cell dysfunction induced by high glucose via inhibition of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling mediated by PPARγ in vitro. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1480-1487. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PIO, a synthetic ligand for PPARγ, is used clinically to treat T2DM. However, little is known about its protective effects on endothelium and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we sought to investigate the protective effects of PIO on endothelium and its probable mechanisms: 95% confluent wild type (WT) HUVECs and PPARγLow-HUVECs that we first injured with HG (33 mmol·L–1) were first pretreated with 10 μmol·L–1 of GW9662 for 30 min, and then treated the cells with different concentrations of PIO (5, 10, or 20 μmol·L–1) for 24 h. Finally, we measured the levels of NO, ET1, TNFα, and IL6 in the cell culture supernatant. These cells were then used to determine cell viability, caspase3 activity, the levels of IKKα/β mRNA, IKKα/β, and NFκB-p65. Severe dysfunction and activation of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling occurred after we exposed HUVECs to HG. Conversely, treatment with PIO significantly attenuated the dysfunction and the activation of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling induced by HG in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the protective effects of PIO were completely abrogated by GW9662 or down-regulation of PPARγ. Taken together, the results indicate that PIO protects HUVECs against the HG-induced dysfunction through the inhibition of IKKα/β–NFκB signaling mediated by PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Chen
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Shaorong Peng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Fanghui Chen
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Lili Liu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhouxue Li
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanching University
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
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26
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Ohue-Kitano R, Yasuoka Y, Goto T, Kitamura N, Park SB, Kishino S, Kimura I, Kasubuchi M, Takahashi H, Li Y, Yeh YS, Jheng HF, Iwase M, Tanaka M, Masuda S, Inoue T, Yamakage H, Kusakabe T, Tani F, Shimatsu A, Takahashi N, Ogawa J, Satoh-Asahara N, Kawada T. α-Linolenic acid-derived metabolites from gut lactic acid bacteria induce differentiation of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages through G protein-coupled receptor 40. FASEB J 2017; 32:304-318. [PMID: 28904023 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700273r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among dietary fatty acids with immunologic effects, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as α-linolenic acid (ALA), have been considered as factors that contribute to the differentiation of M2-type macrophages (M2 macrophages). In this study, we examined the effect of ALA and its gut lactic acid bacteria metabolites 13-hydroxy-9(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid (13-OH) and 13-oxo-9(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid (13-oxo) on the differentiation of M2 macrophages from bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) and investigated the underlying mechanisms. BMDCs were stimulated with ALA, 13-OH, or 13-oxo in the presence of IL-4 or IL-13 for 24 h, and significant increases in M2 macrophage markers CD206 and Arginase-1 (Arg1) were observed. In addition, M2 macrophage phenotypes were less prevalent following cotreatment with GPCR40 antagonists or inhibitors of PLC-β and MEK under these conditions, suggesting that GPCR40 signaling is involved in the regulation of M2 macrophage differentiation. In further experiments, remarkable M2 macrophage accumulation was observed in the lamina propria of the small intestine of C57BL/6 mice after intragastric treatments with ALA, 13-OH, or 13-oxo at 1 g/kg of body weight per day for 3 d. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of M2 macrophage differentiation involving fatty acids from gut lactic acid bacteria and GPCR40 signaling.-Ohue-Kitano, R., Yasuoka, Y., Goto, T., Kitamura, N., Park, S.-B., Kishino, S., Kimura, I., Kasubuchi, M., Takahashi, H., Li, Y., Yeh, Y.-S., Jheng, H.-F., Iwase, M., Tanaka, M., Masuda, S., Inoue, T., Yamakage, H., Kusakabe, T., Tani, F., Shimatsu, A., Takahashi, N., Ogawa, J., Satoh-Asahara, N., Kawada, T. α-Linolenic acid-derived metabolites from gut lactic acid bacteria induce differentiation of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages through G protein-coupled receptor 40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Ohue-Kitano
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yasuoka
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan; .,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kitamura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Si-Bum Park
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Kasubuchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruya Takahashi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Yongjia Li
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Yu-Sheng Yeh
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Huei-Fen Jheng
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Mari Iwase
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Masuda
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Inoue
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Yamakage
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Kusakabe
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumito Tani
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Food Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan; and
| | - Akira Shimatsu
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Applied Life Sciences, Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Satoh-Asahara
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Using Thiazolidinediones: Strategy for Design of Novel Antidiabetic Drugs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:1069718. [PMID: 28656106 PMCID: PMC5474549 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1069718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones are a class of well-established antidiabetic drugs, also named as glitazones. Thiazolidinedione structure has been an important structural domain of research, involving design and development of new drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Extensive research on the mechanism of action and the structural requirements has revealed that the intended antidiabetic activity in type 2 diabetes is due to their agonistic effect on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) belonging to the nuclear receptor super family. Glitazones have specific affinity to PPARγ, one of the subtypes of PPARs. Certain compounds under development have dual PPARα/γ agonistic activity which might be beneficial in obesity and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Interesting array of hybrid compounds of thiazolidinedione PPARγ agonists exhibited therapeutic potential beyond antidiabetic activity. Pharmacology and chemistry of thiazolidinediones as PPARγ agonists and the potential of newer analogues as dual agonists of PPARs and other emerging targets for the therapy of type 2 diabetes are presented. This review highlights the possible modifications of the structural components in the general frame work of thiazolidinediones with respect to their binding efficacy, potency, and selectivity which would guide the future research in design of novel thiazolidinedione derivatives for the management of type 2 diabetes.
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Dietary supplementation with long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid isomers decreases atherosclerosis and alters lipoprotein proteomes in LDLr -/- mice. Atherosclerosis 2017; 262:31-38. [PMID: 28486149 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Concentrated fish oils, containing a mixture of long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFA) with aliphatic chains longer than 18 C atoms (i.e., C20:1 and C22:1), have been shown to attenuate atherosclerosis development in mouse models. It is not clear, however, how individual LCMUFA isomers may act on atherosclerosis. METHODS In the present study, we used saury fish oil-derived concentrates enriched in either C20:1 or C22:1 isomer fractions to investigate their individual effect on atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism. LDLR-deficient (LDLr-/-) mice were fed a Western diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) of either C20:1 or C22:1 concentrate for 12 wk. RESULTS Compared to the control Western diet with no supplement, both LCMUFA isomers increased hepatic levels of LCMUFA by 2∼3-fold (p < 0.05), and decreased atherosclerotic lesion areas by more than 40% (p < 0.05), although there were no major differences in plasma lipoproteins or hepatic lipid content. Both LCMUFA isomers significantly decreased plasma CRP levels, improved Abca1-dependent cholesterol efflux capacity of apoB-depleted plasma, and enhanced Ppar transcriptional activities in HepG2 cells. LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis of lipoproteins (HDL, LDL and VLDL) revealed that both LCMUFA isomer diets resulted in similar potentially beneficial alterations in proteins involved in complement activation, blood coagulation, and lipid metabolism. Several lipoprotein proteome changes were significantly correlated with atherosclerotic plaque reduction. CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation with the LCMUFA isomers C20:1 or C22:1 was equally effective in reducing atherosclerosis in LDLr-/-mice and this may partly occur through activation of the Ppar signaling pathways and favorable alterations in the proteome of lipoproteins.
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29
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Li Z, Xu X, Huang W, Qian H. Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 (FFAR1) as an Emerging Therapeutic Target for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Recent Progress and Prevailing Challenges. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:381-425. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Xue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
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30
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Hidalgo-Figueroa S, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Estrada-Soto S, Giles-Rivas D, Alarcón-Aguilar FJ, León-Rivera I, Giacoman-Martínez A, Miranda Pérez E, Almanza-Pérez JC. Discovery of new dual PPARγ-GPR40 agonists with robust antidiabetic activity: Design, synthesis and in combo drug evaluation. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:53-61. [PMID: 28342366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of compounds 1 and 2 was based on the similar scaffold of pharmacophoric groups for PPARγ and GPR40 agonists. In order to find new compounds with improved biological activity, the current manuscript describes a new dual PPARγ-GPR40 agonist. We synthesized two compounds, which were prepared following a multistep synthetic route, and the relative mRNA expression levels of PPARγ, GLUT4, and GPR40 were quantified in cell culture, as well as insulin secretion and [Ca2+] intracellular levels. Compound 1 showed a 7-times increase in the mRNA expression of PPARγ, which in turn enhanced the expression levels of GLUT4 respect to control and pioglitazone. It also showed an increase of 2-fold in the [Ca2+]i level allowing an increment on insulin release, being as active as the positive control (glibenclamide), causing also an increase of 2-fold in mRNA expression of GPR40. Furthermore, the compound 2 showed lower activity than the compound 1. The ester of 1 showed antidiabetic activity at a 50mg/kg single dose in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic mice model. In addition, we achieved a molecular docking study of compound 1 on PPARγ and GPR40 receptors, showing a great affinity for both targets. We observed important polar interactions between the carboxylic group and main residues into the binding pocket. Therefore, the compound 1 has a potential for the development of antidiabetic agents with newfangled dual action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Hidalgo-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Apdo.-Postal 55-535, CP 09340, México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Diana Giles-Rivas
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Alarcón-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Apdo.-Postal 55-535, CP 09340, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Ismael León-Rivera
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62209, Mexico
| | - Abraham Giacoman-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Apdo.-Postal 55-535, CP 09340, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Miranda Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Apdo.-Postal 55-535, CP 09340, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Julio C Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Apdo.-Postal 55-535, CP 09340, México, D.F., Mexico.
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31
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Franco R, Martínez-Pinilla E, Navarro G, Zamarbide M. Potential of GPCRs to modulate MAPK and mTOR pathways in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 149-150:21-38. [PMID: 28189739 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite efforts to understand the mechanism of neuronal cell death, finding effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases is still a challenge. Cognitive deficits are often associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Remarkably, in the absence of consensus biomarkers, diagnosis of diseases such as Alzheimer's still relies on cognitive tests. Unfortunately, all efforts to translate findings in animal models to the patients have been unsuccessful. Alzheimer's disease may be addressed from two different points of view, neuroprotection or cognitive enhancement. Based on recent data, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway arises as a versatile player whose modulation may impact on mechanisms of both neuroprotection and cognition. Whereas direct targeting of mTOR does not seem to constitute a convenient approach in drug discovery, its indirect modulation by other signaling pathways seems promising. In fact, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remain the most common 'druggable' targets and as such pharmacological manipulation of GPCRs with selective ligands may modulate phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and mTOR signaling pathways. Thus, GPCRs become important targets for potential drug treatments in different neurodegenerative disorders including, but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease. GPCR-mediated modulation of mTOR may take advantage of different GPCRs coupled to different G-dependent and G-independent signal transduction routes, of functional selectivity and/or of biased agonism. Signals mediated by GPCRs may act as coincidence detectors to achieve different benefits in different stages of the neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and IBUB (Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de investigación en Red: Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and IBUB (Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de investigación en Red: Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Milligan G, Shimpukade B, Ulven T, Hudson BD. Complex Pharmacology of Free Fatty Acid Receptors. Chem Rev 2016; 117:67-110. [PMID: 27299848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are historically the most successful family of drug targets. In recent times it has become clear that the pharmacology of these receptors is far more complex than previously imagined. Understanding of the pharmacological regulation of GPCRs now extends beyond simple competitive agonism or antagonism by ligands interacting with the orthosteric binding site of the receptor to incorporate concepts of allosteric agonism, allosteric modulation, signaling bias, constitutive activity, and inverse agonism. Herein, we consider how evolving concepts of GPCR pharmacology have shaped understanding of the complex pharmacology of receptors that recognize and are activated by nonesterified or "free" fatty acids (FFAs). The FFA family of receptors is a recently deorphanized set of GPCRs, the members of which are now receiving substantial interest as novel targets for the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Further understanding of the complex pharmacology of these receptors will be critical to unlocking their ultimate therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bharat Shimpukade
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Brian D Hudson
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
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33
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Wang S, Dougherty EJ, Danner RL. PPARγ signaling and emerging opportunities for improved therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:76-85. [PMID: 27268145 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, endothelial function and inflammation. Rosiglitazone (RGZ) and other thiazolidinedione (TZD) synthetic ligands of PPARγ are insulin sensitizers that have been used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, undesirable side effects including weight gain, fluid retention, bone loss, congestive heart failure, and a possible increased risk of myocardial infarction and bladder cancer, have limited the use of TZDs. Therefore, there is a need to better understand PPARγ signaling and to develop safer and more effective PPARγ-directed therapeutics. In addition to PPARγ itself, many PPARγ ligands including TZDs bind to and activate G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), also known as free fatty acid receptor 1. GPR40 signaling activates stress kinase pathways that ultimately regulate downstream PPARγ responses. Recent studies in human endothelial cells have demonstrated that RGZ activation of GPR40 is essential to the optimal propagation of PPARγ genomic signaling. RGZ/GPR40/p38 MAPK signaling induces and activates PPARγ co-activator-1α, and recruits E1A binding protein p300 to the promoters of target genes, markedly enhancing PPARγ-dependent transcription. Therefore in endothelium, GPR40 and PPARγ function as an integrated signaling pathway. However, GPR40 can also activate ERK1/2, a proinflammatory kinase that directly phosphorylates and inactivates PPARγ. Thus the role of GPR40 in PPARγ signaling may have important implications for drug development. Ligands that strongly activate PPARγ, but do not bind to or activate GPR40 may be safer than currently approved PPARγ agonists. Alternatively, biased GPR40 agonists might be sought that activate both p38 MAPK and PPARγ, but not ERK1/2, avoiding its harmful effects on PPARγ signaling, insulin resistance and inflammation. Such next generation drugs might be useful in treating not only type 2 diabetes, but also diverse chronic and acute forms of vascular inflammation such as atherosclerosis and septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuibang Wang
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Edward J Dougherty
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert L Danner
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Marion-Letellier R, Savoye G, Ghosh S. Fatty acids, eicosanoids and PPAR gamma. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 785:44-49. [PMID: 26632493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) belongs to the family of nuclear nuclear receptors and is mainly expressed in adipose tissue, hematopoietic cells and the large intestine. Contrary to other nuclear receptors that mainly bind a single specific ligand, there are numerous natural PPARγ ligands, in particular fatty acids or their derivatives called eicosanoids. PPARγ have pleiotropic functions: (i) glucose and lipid metabolism regulation, (ii) anti-inflammatory properties, (iii) oxidative stress inhibition, (iv) improvement of endothelial function. Its role has been mainly studied by the use synthetic agonists. In this review, we will focus on the effects of PPARγ mediated through fatty acids and how these have beneficial health properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Marion-Letellier
- INSERM Unit UMR1073, Rouen University and Rouen University hospital, 22, boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen cedex, France.
| | - Guillaume Savoye
- INSERM Unit UMR1073, Rouen University and Rouen University hospital, 22, boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen cedex, France; Department of Gastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, 1 rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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