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Sako K, Furukawa A, Nozawa RS, Kurita JI, Nishimura Y, Hirota T. Bipartite binding interface recruiting HP1 to chromosomal passenger complex at inner centromeres. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202312021. [PMID: 38781028 PMCID: PMC11116813 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202312021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of ploidy depends on the mitotic kinase Aurora B, the catalytic subunit of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) whose proficient activity is supported by HP1 enriched at inner centromeres. HP1 is known to associate with INCENP of the CPC in a manner that depends on the PVI motif conserved across HP1 interactors. Here, we found that the interaction of INCENP with HP1 requires not only the PVI motif but also its C-terminally juxtaposed domain. Remarkably, these domains conditionally fold the β-strand (PVI motif) and the α-helix from a disordered sequence upon HP1 binding and render INCENP with high affinity to HP1. This bipartite binding domain termed SSH domain (Structure composed of Strand and Helix) is necessary and sufficient to attain a predominant interaction of HP1 with INCENP. These results identify a unique HP1-binding module in INCENP that ensures enrichment of HP1 at inner centromeres, Aurora B activity, and thereby mitotic fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Sako
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Furukawa
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryu-Suke Nozawa
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kurita
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishimura
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Hirota
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Moon DO. Advancing Cancer Therapy: The Role of KIF20A as a Target for Inhibitor Development and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2958. [PMID: 39272816 PMCID: PMC11393963 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16172958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The analysis begins with a detailed examination of the gene expression and protein structure of KIF20A, highlighting its interaction with critical cellular components that influence key processes such as Golgi membrane transport and mitotic spindle assembly. The primary focus is on the development of specific KIF20A inhibitors, detailing their roles and the challenges encountered in enhancing their efficacy, such as achieving specificity, overcoming tumor resistance, and optimizing delivery systems. Additionally, it delves into the prognostic value of KIF20A across multiple cancer types, emphasizing its role as a novel tumor-associated antigen, which lays the groundwork for the development of targeted peptide vaccines. The therapeutic efficacy of these vaccines as demonstrated in recent clinical trials is discussed. Future directions are proposed, including the integration of precision medicine strategies to personalize treatments and the use of combination therapies to improve outcomes. By concentrating on the significant potential of KIF20A as both a direct target for inhibitors and an antigen in cancer vaccines, this review sets a foundation for future research aimed at harnessing KIF20A for effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, 201, Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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3
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Lin C, Xiong J, Chen Y, Zheng H, Li M. Overexpression of CENPU promotes cancer growth and metastasis and is associated with poor survival in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:2812-2824. [PMID: 38988917 PMCID: PMC11231766 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Centromere protein U (CENPU) is key for mitosis in the carcinogenesis of cancers. However, the roles of CENPU have not been inspected in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Thus, we aimed to explore the functions and mechanisms of CENPU in NPC. Methods Expression of CENPU was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The biological functions of CENPU were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Gene chip analysis, ingenuity pathway analysis, and coimmunoprecipitation experiments were used to explore the mechanisms of CENPU. Results CENPU was highly expressed in NPC. High expression of CENPU was associated with advanced tumor, node and metastasis (TNM) stage and poor overall survival. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that CENPU expression was an independent prognostic factor in NPC. Knockdown of CENPU inhibited proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of CENPU upregulated dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) expression. The expression of CNEPU was inversely correlated with the expression of DUSP6 in NPC tissues. Mechanistic studies confirmed that CENPU increased the activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways by suppressing the expression of DUSP6. Conclusions CENPU acts as an oncogene in NPC by interacting with DUSP6, and may represent a promising prognostic biomarker for patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiani Xiong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuebing Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiping Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meifang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Ballmer D, Akiyoshi B. Dynamic localization of the chromosomal passenger complex in trypanosomes is controlled by the orphan kinesins KIN-A and KIN-B. eLife 2024; 13:RP93522. [PMID: 38564240 PMCID: PMC10987093 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is an important regulator of cell division, which shows dynamic subcellular localization throughout mitosis, including kinetochores and the spindle midzone. In traditional model eukaryotes such as yeasts and humans, the CPC consists of the catalytic subunit Aurora B kinase, its activator INCENP, and the localization module proteins Borealin and Survivin. Intriguingly, Aurora B and INCENP as well as their localization pattern are conserved in kinetoplastids, an evolutionarily divergent group of eukaryotes that possess unique kinetochore proteins and lack homologs of Borealin or Survivin. It is not understood how the kinetoplastid CPC assembles nor how it is targeted to its subcellular destinations during the cell cycle. Here, we identify two orphan kinesins, KIN-A and KIN-B, as bona fide CPC proteins in Trypanosoma brucei, the kinetoplastid parasite that causes African sleeping sickness. KIN-A and KIN-B form a scaffold for the assembly of the remaining CPC subunits. We show that the C-terminal unstructured tail of KIN-A interacts with the KKT8 complex at kinetochores, while its N-terminal motor domain promotes CPC translocation to spindle microtubules. Thus, the KIN-A:KIN-B complex constitutes a unique 'two-in-one' CPC localization module, which directs the CPC to kinetochores from S phase until metaphase and to the central spindle in anaphase. Our findings highlight the evolutionary diversity of CPC proteins and raise the possibility that kinesins may have served as the original transport vehicles for Aurora kinases in early eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ballmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological SciencesEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Bungo Akiyoshi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological SciencesEdinburghUnited Kingdom
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5
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Ibrahim A, Miligy IM, Toss MS, Green AR, Rakha EA. High Inner Centromere Protein Expression Correlates with Aggressive Features and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Invasive Breast Cancer. Pathobiology 2023; 90:377-388. [PMID: 37031675 DOI: 10.1159/000529628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inner centromere protein (INCENP) is a member of the chromosomal passenger complex and plays a key role in mitosis and cell proliferation. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and prognostic significance of INCENP in invasive breast cancer (BC). METHODS INCENP expression was evaluated on a tissue microarray of a large BC cohort (n = 1,295) using immunohistochemistry. At the mRNA level, INCENP expression was assessed using the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) (n = 1,980) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) BC cohorts (n = 854). The correlations between INCENP expression, clinicopathological parameters, and patient outcome were investigated. RESULTS INCENP expression was detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the tumour cells. Its expression was significantly associated with features characteristic of aggressive BC behaviour including high tumour grade, larger tumour size, and high Nottingham prognostic index scores. High INCENP nuclear expression was a predictor of shorter BC-specific survival in the whole cohort, as well as in the luminal subtype (p < 0.001). High INCENP nuclear expression was predictive of poor prognosis in BC patients who received hormone treatment or chemotherapy. CONCLUSION High INCENP expression is a poor prognostic biomarker in BC with potential therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Ibrahim
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
- Histopathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Islam M Miligy
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
- Histopathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Michael S Toss
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
- Histopathology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, UK
- Histopathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
- Histopathology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- Pathology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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6
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Al-Rawi A, Kaye E, Korolchuk S, Endicott JA, Ly T. Cyclin A and Cks1 promote kinase consensus switching to non-proline-directed CDK1 phosphorylation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112139. [PMID: 36840943 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ordered protein phosphorylation by CDKs is a key mechanism for regulating the cell cycle. How temporal order is enforced in mammalian cells remains unclear. Using a fixed cell kinase assay and phosphoproteomics, we show how CDK1 activity and non-catalytic CDK1 subunits contribute to the choice of substrate and site of phosphorylation. Increases in CDK1 activity alter substrate choice, with intermediate- and low-sensitivity CDK1 substrates enriched in DNA replication and mitotic functions, respectively. This activity dependence is shared between Cyclin A- and Cyclin B-CDK1. Cks1 has a proteome-wide role as an enhancer of multisite CDK1 phosphorylation. Contrary to the model of CDK1 as an exclusively proline-directed kinase, we show that Cyclin A and Cks1 enhance non-proline-directed phosphorylation, preferably on sites with a +3 lysine residue. Indeed, 70% of cell-cycle-regulated phosphorylations, where the kinase carrying out this modification has not been identified, are non-proline-directed CDK1 sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen Al-Rawi
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Edward Kaye
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | | | - Jane A Endicott
- Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Tony Ly
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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7
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Marsoner T, Yedavalli P, Masnovo C, Fink S, Schmitzer K, Campbell CS. Aurora B activity is promoted by cooperation between discrete localization sites in budding yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar85. [PMID: 35704464 PMCID: PMC9582632 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-11-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome biorientation is promoted by the four-member chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) through phosphorylation of incorrect kinetochore-microtubule attachments. During chromosome alignment, the CPC localizes to the inner centromere, the inner kinetochore, and spindle microtubules. Here we show that a small domain of the CPC subunit INCENP/Sli15 is required to target the complex to all three of these locations in budding yeast. This domain, the single alpha helix (SAH), is essential for phosphorylation of outer kinetochore substrates, chromosome segregation, and viability. By restoring the CPC to each of its three locations through targeted mutations and fusion constructs, we determined their individual contributions to chromosome biorientation. We find that only the inner centromere localization is sufficient for cell viability on its own. However, when combined, the inner kinetochore and microtubule binding activities are also sufficient to promote accurate chromosome segregation. Furthermore, we find that the two pathways target the CPC to different kinetochore attachment states, as the inner centromere-targeting pathway is primarily responsible for bringing the complex to unattached kinetochores. We have therefore discovered that two parallel localization pathways are each sufficient to promote CPC activity in chromosome biorientation, both depending on the SAH domain of INCENP/Sli15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodor Marsoner
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Poornima Yedavalli
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chiara Masnovo
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Fink
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Schmitzer
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher S. Campbell
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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8
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Ura M, Mukherjee S, Marcon E, Koestler SA, Kossiakoff AA. Synthetic Antibodies Detect Distinct Cellular States of Chromosome Passenger Complex Proteins. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167602. [PMID: 35469831 PMCID: PMC9862951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
High performance affinity reagents are essential tools to enable biologists to profile the cellular location and composition of macromolecular complexes undergoing dynamic reorganization. To support further development of such tools, we have assembled a high-throughput phage display pipeline to generate Fab-based affinity reagents that target different dynamic forms of a large macromolecular complex, using the Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC), as an example. The CPC is critical for the maintenance of chromosomal and cytoskeleton processes during cell division. The complex contains 4 protein components: Aurora B kinase, survivin, borealin and INCENP. The CPC acts as a node to dynamically organize other partnering subcomplexes to build multiple functional structures during mitotic progression. Using phage display mutagenesis, a cohort of synthetic antibodies (sABs) were generated against different domains of survivin, borealin and INCENP. Immunofluorescence established that a set of these sABs can discriminate between the form of the CPC complex in the midbody versus the spindle. Others localize to targets, which appear to be less organized, in the nucleus or cytoplasm. This differentiation suggests that different CPC epitopes have dynamic accessibility depending upon the mitotic state of the cell. An Immunoprecipitation/Mass Spectrometry analysis was performed using sABs that bound specifically to the CPC in either the midbody or MT spindle macromolecular assemblies. Thus, sABs can be exploited as high performance reagents to profile the accessibility of different components of the CPC within macromolecular assemblies during different stages of mitosis suggesting this high throughput approach will be applicable to other complex macromolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Ura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The University of Chicago, United States
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The University of Chicago, United States
| | - Edyta Marcon
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, The University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan A. Koestler
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience. University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony A. Kossiakoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The University of Chicago, United States,Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States,Correspondence to Anthony A. Kossiakoff: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The University of Chicago, United States. (A.A. Kossiakoff)
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9
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SWAP, SWITCH, and STABILIZE: Mechanisms of Kinetochore–Microtubule Error Correction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091462. [PMID: 35563768 PMCID: PMC9104000 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For correct chromosome segregation in mitosis, eukaryotic cells must establish chromosome biorientation where sister kinetochores attach to microtubules extending from opposite spindle poles. To establish biorientation, any aberrant kinetochore–microtubule interactions must be resolved in the process called error correction. For resolution of the aberrant interactions in error correction, kinetochore–microtubule interactions must be exchanged until biorientation is formed (the SWAP process). At initiation of biorientation, the state of weak kinetochore–microtubule interactions should be converted to the state of stable interactions (the SWITCH process)—the conundrum of this conversion is called the initiation problem of biorientation. Once biorientation is established, tension is applied on kinetochore–microtubule interactions, which stabilizes the interactions (the STABILIZE process). Aurora B kinase plays central roles in promoting error correction, and Mps1 kinase and Stu2 microtubule polymerase also play important roles. In this article, we review mechanisms of error correction by considering the SWAP, SWITCH, and STABILIZE processes. We mainly focus on mechanisms found in budding yeast, where only one microtubule attaches to a single kinetochore at biorientation, making the error correction mechanisms relatively simpler.
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10
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Doodhi H, Tanaka TU. Swap and stop - Kinetochores play error correction with microtubules: Mechanisms of kinetochore-microtubule error correction: Mechanisms of kinetochore-microtubule error correction. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100246. [PMID: 35261042 PMCID: PMC9344824 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Correct chromosome segregation in mitosis relies on chromosome biorientation, in which sister kinetochores attach to microtubules from opposite spindle poles prior to segregation. To establish biorientation, aberrant kinetochore–microtubule interactions must be resolved through the error correction process. During error correction, kinetochore–microtubule interactions are exchanged (swapped) if aberrant, but the exchange must stop when biorientation is established. In this article, we discuss recent findings in budding yeast, which have revealed fundamental molecular mechanisms promoting this “swap and stop” process for error correction. Where relevant, we also compare the findings in budding yeast with mechanisms in higher eukaryotes. Evidence suggests that Aurora B kinase differentially regulates kinetochore attachments to the microtubule end and its lateral side and switches relative strength of the two kinetochore–microtubule attachment modes, which drives the exchange of kinetochore–microtubule interactions to resolve aberrant interactions. However, Aurora B kinase, recruited to centromeres and inner kinetochores, cannot reach its targets at kinetochore–microtubule interface when tension causes kinetochore stretching, which stops the kinetochore–microtubule exchange once biorientation is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinath Doodhi
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tomoyuki U Tanaka
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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11
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Barbosa J, Sunkel CE, Conde C. The Role of Mitotic Kinases and the RZZ Complex in Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachments: Doing the Right Link. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:787294. [PMID: 35155423 PMCID: PMC8832123 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.787294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, the interaction of kinetochores (KTs) with microtubules (MTs) drives chromosome congression to the spindle equator and supports the segregation of sister chromatids. Faithful genome partition critically relies on the ability of chromosomes to establish and maintain proper amphitelic end-on attachments, a configuration in which sister KTs are connected to robust MT fibers emanating from opposite spindle poles. Because the capture of spindle MTs by KTs is error prone, cells use mechanisms that sense and correct inaccurate KT-MT interactions before committing to segregate sister chromatids in anaphase. If left unresolved, these errors can result in the unequal distribution of chromosomes and lead to aneuploidy, a hallmark of cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular strategies that monitor the formation and fine-tuning of KT-MT attachments. We describe the complex network of proteins that operates at the KT-MT interface and discuss how AURORA B and PLK1 coordinate several concurrent events so that the stability of KT-MT attachments is precisely modulated throughout mitotic progression. We also outline updated knowledge on how the RZZ complex is regulated to ensure the formation of end-on attachments and the fidelity of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Barbosa
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudio E. Sunkel
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Conde
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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12
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McKim KS. Highway to hell-thy meiotic divisions: Chromosome passenger complex functions driven by microtubules: CPC interactions with both the chromosomes and microtubules are important for spindle assembly and function: CPC interactions with both the chromosomes and microtubules are important for spindle assembly and function. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100202. [PMID: 34821405 PMCID: PMC8688318 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The chromosome passenger complex (CPC) localizes to chromosomes and microtubules, sometimes simultaneously. The CPC also has multiple domains for interacting with chromatin and microtubules. Interactions between the CPC and both the chromatin and microtubules is important for spindle assembly and error correction. Such dual chromatin-microtubule interactions may increase the concentration of the CPC necessary for efficient kinase activity while also making it responsive to specific conditions or structures in the cell. CPC-microtubule dependent functions are considered in the context of the first meiotic division. Acentrosomal spindle assembly is a process that depends on transfer of the CPC from the chromosomes to the microtubules. Furthermore, transfer to the microtubules is not only to position the CPC for a later role in cytokinesis; metaphase I error correction and subsequent bi-orientation of bivalents may depend on microtubule associated CPC interacting with the kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S McKim
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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13
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Martin IM, Aponte-Santamaría C, Schmidt L, Hedtfeld M, Iusupov A, Musacchio A, Gräter F. Phosphorylation tunes elongation propensity and cohesiveness of INCENP's intrinsically disordered region. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167387. [PMID: 34883116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The inner centromere protein, INCENP, is crucial for correct chromosome segregation during mitosis. It connects the kinase Aurora B to the inner centromere allowing this kinase to dynamically access its kinetochore targets. However, the function of its central, 440-residue long intrinsically disordered region (IDR) and its multiple phosphorylation sites is unclear. Here, we determined the conformational ensemble of INCENP's IDR, systematically varying the level of phosphorylation, using all-atom and coarse-grain molecular dynamics simulations. Our simulations show that phosphorylation expands INCENP's IDR, both locally and globally, mainly by increasing its overall net charge. The disordered region undergoes critical globule-to-coil conformational transitions and the transition temperature non-monotonically depends on the degree of phosphorylation, with a mildly phosphorylated case of neutral net charge featuring the highest collapse propensity. The IDR transitions from a multitude of globular states, accompanied by several specific internal contacts that reduce INCENP length by loop formation, to weakly interacting and highly extended coiled conformations. Phosphorylation critically shifts the population between these two regimes. It thereby influences cohesiveness and phase behavior of INCENP IDR assemblies, a feature presumably relevant for INCENP's function in the chromosomal passenger complex. Overall, we propose the disordered region of INCENP to act as a phosphorylation-regulated and length-variable component, within the previously defined "dog-leash" model, that thereby regulates how Aurora B reaches its targets for proper chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Martin
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany. https://twitter.com/@IsabelMMartin
| | - Camilo Aponte-Santamaría
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biophysics, University of Los Andes, Cra. 1 #18a-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia. https://twitter.com/@camiloapontelab
| | - Lisa Schmidt
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Hedtfeld
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Living Matter, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Adel Iusupov
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. https://twitter.com/@AndreaMusacchi1
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, INF 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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Changing places: Chromosomal Passenger Complex relocation in early anaphase. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 32:165-176. [PMID: 34663523 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC) regulates a plethora of processes during multiple stages of nuclear and cytoplasmic division. Early during mitosis, the CPC is recruited to centromeres and kinetochores, and ensures that the duplicated chromosomes become properly connected to microtubules from opposite poles of the mitotic spindle. Progression into anaphase is accompanied by a striking relocation of the CPC from centromeres to the antiparallel microtubule overlaps of the anaphase spindle and to the equatorial cortex. This translocation requires direct interactions of the CPC with the kinesin-6 family member MKLP2/KIF20A, and the inactivation of cyclin B-cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1). Here, we review recent progress in the regulation of this relocation event. Furthermore, we discuss why the CPC must be relocated during early anaphase in light of recent advances in the functions of the CPC post metaphase.
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15
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Lee HS, Min S, Jung YE, Chae S, Heo J, Lee JH, Kim T, Kang HC, Nakanish M, Cha SS, Cho H. Spatiotemporal coordination of the RSF1-PLK1-Aurora B cascade establishes mitotic signaling platforms. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5931. [PMID: 34635673 PMCID: PMC8505570 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatin remodeler RSF1 enriched at mitotic centromeres is essential for proper chromosome alignment and segregation and underlying mechanisms remain to be disclosed. We here show that PLK1 recruitment by RSF1 at centromeres creates an activating phosphorylation on Thr236 in the activation loop of Aurora B and this is indispensable for the Aurora B activation. In structural modeling the phosphorylated Thr236 enhances the base catalysis by Asp200 nearby, facilitating the Thr232 autophosphorylation. Accordingly, RSF1-PLK1 is central for Aurora B-mediated microtubule destabilization in error correction. However, under full microtubule-kinetochore attachment RSF1-PLK1 positions at kinetochores, halts activating Aurora B and phosphorylates BubR1, regardless of tension. Spatial movement of RSF1-PLK1 to kinetochores is triggered by Aurora B-mediated phosphorylation of centromeric histone H3 on Ser28. We propose a regulatory RSF1-PLK1 axis that spatiotemporally controls on/off switch on Aurora B. This feedback circuit among RSF1-PLK1-Aurora B may coordinate dynamic microtubule-kinetochore attachment in early mitosis when full tension yet to be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Soo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea.
| | - Sunwoo Min
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Ye-Eun Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Chae
- Institute of Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - June Heo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Kang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Makoto Nakanish
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Sun-Shin Cha
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeseong Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Korea.
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16
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Aurora B Tension Sensing Mechanisms in the Kinetochore Ensure Accurate Chromosome Segregation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168818. [PMID: 34445523 PMCID: PMC8396173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate segregation of chromosomes is essential for the survival of organisms and cells. Mistakes can lead to aneuploidy, tumorigenesis and congenital birth defects. The spindle assembly checkpoint ensures that chromosomes properly align on the spindle, with sister chromatids attached to microtubules from opposite poles. Here, we review how tension is used to identify and selectively destabilize incorrect attachments, and thus serves as a trigger of the spindle assembly checkpoint to ensure fidelity in chromosome segregation. Tension is generated on properly attached chromosomes as sister chromatids are pulled in opposing directions but resisted by centromeric cohesin. We discuss the role of the Aurora B kinase in tension-sensing and explore the current models for translating mechanical force into Aurora B-mediated biochemical signals that regulate correction of chromosome attachments to the spindle.
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17
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Wang LI, DeFosse T, Jang JK, Battaglia RA, Wagner VF, McKim KS. Borealin directs recruitment of the CPC to oocyte chromosomes and movement to the microtubules. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211972. [PMID: 33836043 PMCID: PMC8185691 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomes in the oocytes of many animals appear to promote bipolar spindle assembly. In Drosophila oocytes, spindle assembly requires the chromosome passenger complex (CPC), which consists of INCENP, Borealin, Survivin, and Aurora B. To determine what recruits the CPC to the chromosomes and its role in spindle assembly, we developed a strategy to manipulate the function and localization of INCENP, which is critical for recruiting the Aurora B kinase. We found that an interaction between Borealin and the chromatin is crucial for the recruitment of the CPC to the chromosomes and is sufficient to build kinetochores and recruit spindle microtubules. HP1 colocalizes with the CPC on the chromosomes and together they move to the spindle microtubules. We propose that the Borealin interaction with HP1 promotes the movement of the CPC from the chromosomes to the microtubules. In addition, within the central spindle, rather than at the centromeres, the CPC and HP1 are required for homologous chromosome bi-orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ing Wang
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Tyler DeFosse
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Janet K Jang
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Rachel A Battaglia
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Victoria F Wagner
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Kim S McKim
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
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18
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The right place at the right time: Aurora B kinase localization to centromeres and kinetochores. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:299-311. [PMID: 32406506 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The fidelity of chromosome segregation during mitosis is intimately linked to the function of kinetochores, which are large protein complexes assembled at sites of centromeric heterochromatin on mitotic chromosomes. These key "orchestrators" of mitosis physically connect chromosomes to spindle microtubules and transduce forces through these connections to congress chromosomes and silence the spindle assembly checkpoint. Kinetochore-microtubule attachments are highly regulated to ensure that incorrect attachments are not prematurely stabilized, but instead released and corrected. The kinase activity of the centromeric protein Aurora B is required for kinetochore-microtubule destabilization during mitosis, but how the kinase acts on outer kinetochore substrates to selectively destabilize immature and erroneous attachments remains debated. Here, we review recent literature that sheds light on how Aurora B kinase is recruited to both centromeres and kinetochores and discuss possible mechanisms for how kinase interactions with substrates at distinct regions of mitotic chromosomes are regulated.
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19
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Gupte TM, Ritt M, Sivaramakrishnan S. ER/K-link-Leveraging a native protein linker to probe dynamic cellular interactions. Methods Enzymol 2020; 647:173-208. [PMID: 33482988 PMCID: PMC8009693 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ER/K α-helices are a subset of single alpha helical domains, which exhibit unusual stability as isolated protein secondary structures. They adopt an elongated structural conformation, while regulating the frequency of interactions between proteins or polypeptides fused to their ends. Here we review recent advances on the structure, stability and function of ER/K α-helices as linkers (ER/K linkers) in native proteins. We describe methodological considerations in the molecular cloning, protein expression and measurement of interaction strengths, using sensors incorporating ER/K linkers. We highlight biological insights obtained over the last decade by leveraging distinct biophysical features of ER/K-linked sensors. We conclude with the outlook for the use of ER/K linkers in the selective modulation of dynamic cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas M Gupte
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael Ritt
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sivaraj Sivaramakrishnan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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20
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Carlini L, Brittingham GP, Holt LJ, Kapoor TM. Microtubules Enhance Mesoscale Effective Diffusivity in the Crowded Metaphase Cytoplasm. Dev Cell 2020; 54:574-582.e4. [PMID: 32818469 PMCID: PMC7685229 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesoscale macromolecular complexes and organelles, tens to hundreds of nanometers in size, crowd the eukaryotic cytoplasm. It is therefore unclear how mesoscale particles remain sufficiently mobile to regulate dynamic processes such as cell division. Here, we study mobility across dividing cells that contain densely packed, dynamic microtubules, comprising the metaphase spindle. In dividing human cells, we tracked 40 nm genetically encoded multimeric nanoparticles (GEMs), whose sizes are commensurate with the inter-filament spacing in metaphase spindles. Unexpectedly, the effective diffusivity of GEMs was similar inside the dense metaphase spindle and the surrounding cytoplasm. Eliminating microtubules or perturbing their polymerization dynamics decreased diffusivity by ~30%, suggesting that microtubule polymerization enhances random displacements to amplify diffusive-like motion. Our results suggest that microtubules effectively fluidize the mitotic cytoplasm to equalize mesoscale mobility across a densely packed, dynamic, non-uniform environment, thus spatially maintaining a key biophysical parameter that impacts biochemistry, ranging from metabolism to the nucleation of cytoskeletal filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Carlini
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gregory P Brittingham
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Liam J Holt
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tarun M Kapoor
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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21
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Liang C, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Yan H, Zhang M, Zhou L, Xu J, Lu W, Wang F. Centromere-localized Aurora B kinase is required for the fidelity of chromosome segregation. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133535. [PMID: 31868888 PMCID: PMC7041694 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora B kinase plays an essential role in chromosome bi-orientation, which is a prerequisite for equal segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. However, it remains largely unclear whether centromere-localized Aurora B is required for faithful chromosome segregation. Here we show that histone H3 Thr-3 phosphorylation (H3pT3) and H2A Thr-120 phosphorylation (H2ApT120) can independently recruit Aurora B. Disrupting H3pT3-mediated localization of Aurora B at the inner centromere impedes the decline in H2ApT120 during metaphase and causes H2ApT120-dependent accumulation of Aurora B at the kinetochore-proximal centromere. Consequently, silencing of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is delayed, whereas the fidelity of chromosome segregation is negligibly affected. Further eliminating an H2ApT120-dependent pool of Aurora B restores proper timing for SAC silencing but increases chromosome missegregation. Our data indicate that H2ApT120-mediated localization of Aurora B compensates for the loss of an H3pT3-dependent pool of Aurora B to correct improper kinetochore-microtubule attachments. This study provides important insights into how centromeric Aurora B regulates SAC and kinetochore attachment to microtubules to ensure error-free chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Liang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinfu Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Yan
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linli Zhou
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junfen Xu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Women's Reproductive Health Key Research Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangwei Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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22
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Trivedi P, Stukenberg PT. A Condensed View of the Chromosome Passenger Complex. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:676-687. [PMID: 32684321 PMCID: PMC10714244 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The inner centromere is a region on the mitotic chromosome that serves as a platform for mitotic signaling and possesses unique biophysical properties that enable it to withstand relatively large pulling forces that are generated by kinetochores (KTs) during chromosome segregation. The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) localizes to and is the key regulator of inner centromere organization and function during mitosis. Recently, we demonstrated that in addition to its kinase and histone code-reading activities, the CPC also can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and proposed that the inner centromere is a membraneless organelle scaffolded by the CPC. In this perspective, we explore mechanisms that can allow the formation and dissolution of this membraneless body. The cell-cycle-regulated spatially defined assembly and disassembly of the CPC condensate at the inner centromere can reveal general principles about how histone modifications control chromatin-bound membraneless organelles. We further explore how the ability of the CPC to undergo LLPS may contribute to the organization and function of the inner centromere during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Trivedi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - P Todd Stukenberg
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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23
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Hara M, Fukagawa T. Dynamics of kinetochore structure and its regulations during mitotic progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2981-2995. [PMID: 32052088 PMCID: PMC11104943 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis in eukaryotes requires attachment of the kinetochore, a large protein complex assembled on the centromere of each chromosome, to the spindle microtubules. The kinetochore is a structural interface for the microtubule attachment and provides molecular surveillance mechanisms that monitor and ensure the precise microtubule attachment as well, including error correction and spindle assembly checkpoint. During mitotic progression, the kinetochore undergoes dynamic morphological changes that are observable through electron microscopy as well as through fluorescence microscopy. These structural changes might be associated with the kinetochore function. In this review, we summarize how the dynamics of kinetochore morphology are associated with its functions and discuss recent findings on the switching of protein interaction networks in the kinetochore during cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Hara
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Fukagawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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24
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Serena M, Bastos RN, Elliott PR, Barr FA. Molecular basis of MKLP2-dependent Aurora B transport from chromatin to the anaphase central spindle. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201910059. [PMID: 32356865 PMCID: PMC7337490 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aurora B chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is a conserved regulator of mitosis. Its functions require localization first to the chromosome arms and then centromeres in mitosis and subsequently the central spindle in anaphase. Here, we analyze the requirements for core CPC subunits, survivin and INCENP, and the mitotic kinesin-like protein 2 (MKLP2) in targeting to these distinct localizations. Centromere recruitment of the CPC requires interaction of survivin with histone H3 phosphorylated at threonine 3, and we provide a complete structure of this assembly. Furthermore, we show that the INCENP RRKKRR-motif is required for both centromeric localization of the CPC in metaphase and MKLP2-dependent transport in anaphase. MKLP2 and DNA bind competitively to this motif, and INCENP T59 phosphorylation acts as a switch preventing MKLP2 binding in metaphase. In anaphase, CPC binding promotes the microtubule-dependent ATPase activity of MKLP2. These results explain how centromere targeting of the CPC in mitosis is coupled to its movement to the central spindle in anaphase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francis A. Barr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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25
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Adriaans IE, Hooikaas PJ, Aher A, Vromans MJ, van Es RM, Grigoriev I, Akhmanova A, Lens SM. MKLP2 Is a Motile Kinesin that Transports the Chromosomal Passenger Complex during Anaphase. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2628-2637.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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26
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Li C, Ge S, Zhou J, Peng J, Chen J, Dong S, Feng X, Su N, Zhang L, Zhong Y, Deng L, Tang X. Exploration of the effects of the CYCLOPS gene RBM17 in hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234062. [PMID: 32497093 PMCID: PMC7272028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal and malignant tumours worldwide. New therapeutic targets for HCC are urgently needed. CYCLOPS (copy number alterations yielding cancer liabilities owing to partial loss) genes have been noted to be associated with cancer-targeted therapies. Therefore, we intended to explore the effects of the CYCLOPS gene RBM17 on HCC oncogenesis to determine if it could be further used for targeted therapy. METHODS We collected data on 12 types of cancer from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) queries for comparison with adjacent non-tumour tissues. RBM17 expression levels, clinicopathological factors and survival times were analysed. RNAseq data were downloaded from the Encyclopaedia of DNA Elements database for molecular mechanism exploration. Two representative HCC cell models were built to observe the proliferation capacity of HCC cells when RBM17 expression was inhibited by shRBM17. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were also examined to investigate the pathogenesis of RBM17. RESULTS Based on 6,136 clinical samples, RBM17 was markedly overexpressed in most cancers, especially HCC. Moreover, data from 442 patients revealed that high RBM17 expression levels were related to a worse prognosis. Overexpression of RBM17 was related to the iCluster1 molecular subgroup, TNM stage, and histologic grade. Pathway analysis of RNAseq data suggested that RBM17 was involved in mitosis. Further investigation revealed that the proliferation rates of HepG2 (P = 0.003) and SMMC-7721 (P = 0.030) cells were significantly reduced when RBM17 was knocked down. In addition, RBM17 knockdown also arrested the progression of the cell cycle, causing cells to halt at the G2/M phase. Increased apoptosis rates were also found in vitro. CONCLUSION These results suggest that RBM17 is a potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Queen Mary School, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanghua Ge
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jialu Zhou
- The Second Clinical College, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- The Fourth Clinical College, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuhui Dong
- The Fourth Clinical College, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaofang Feng
- The Fourth Clinical College, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ning Su
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lunli Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Key Laboratory of Liver Regenerative Medicine of Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanbin Zhong
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Key Laboratory of Liver Regenerative Medicine of Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Libin Deng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- * E-mail:
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27
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Abstract
The active form of the small GTPase RhoA is necessary and sufficient for formation of a cytokinetic furrow in animal cells. Despite the conceptual simplicity of the process, the molecular mechanisms that control it are intricate and involve redundancy at multiple levels. Here, we discuss our current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying spatiotemporal regulation of RhoA during cytokinesis by upstream activators. The direct upstream activator, the RhoGEF Ect2, requires activation due to autoinhibition. Ect2 is primarily activated by the centralspindlin complex, which contains numerous domains that regulate its subcellular localization, oligomeric state, and Ect2 activation. We review the functions of these domains and how centralspindlin is regulated to ensure correctly timed, equatorial RhoA activation. Highlighting recent evidence, we propose that although centralspindlin does not always prominently accumulate on the plasma membrane, it is the site where it promotes RhoA activation during cytokinesis.
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28
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Bonner MK, Haase J, Swinderman J, Halas H, Miller Jenkins LM, Kelly AE. Enrichment of Aurora B kinase at the inner kinetochore controls outer kinetochore assembly. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3237-3257. [PMID: 31527147 PMCID: PMC6781445 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201901004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer kinetochore assembly enables chromosome attachment to microtubules and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling in mitosis. Aurora B kinase controls kinetochore assembly by phosphorylating the Mis12 complex (Mis12C) subunit Dsn1. Current models propose Dsn1 phosphorylation relieves autoinhibition, allowing Mis12C binding to inner kinetochore component CENP-C. Using Xenopus laevis egg extracts and biochemical reconstitution, we found that autoinhibition of the Mis12C by Dsn1 impedes its phosphorylation by Aurora B. Our data indicate that the INCENP central region increases Dsn1 phosphorylation by enriching Aurora B at inner kinetochores, close to CENP-C. Furthermore, centromere-bound CENP-C does not exchange in mitosis, and CENP-C binding to the Mis12C dramatically increases Dsn1 phosphorylation by Aurora B. We propose that the coincidence of Aurora B and CENP-C at inner kinetochores ensures the fidelity of kinetochore assembly. We also found that the central region is required for the SAC beyond its role in kinetochore assembly, suggesting that kinetochore enrichment of Aurora B promotes the phosphorylation of other kinetochore substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kate Bonner
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Julian Haase
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jason Swinderman
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hyunmi Halas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alexander E Kelly
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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29
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Chiu SC, Chen KC, Hsia JY, Chuang CY, Wan CX, Wei TYW, Huang YRJ, Chen JMM, Liao YTA, Yu CTR. Overexpression of Aurora-A bypasses cytokinesis through phosphorylation of suppressed in lung cancer. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C600-C612. [PMID: 31314582 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00032.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitosis is a complicated process by which eukaryotic cells segregate duplicated genomes into two daughter cells. To achieve the goal, numerous regulators have been revealed to control mitosis. The oncogenic Aurora-A is a versatile kinase responsible for the regulation of mitosis including chromosome condensation, spindle assembly, and centrosome maturation through phosphorylating a range of substrates. However, overexpression of Aurora-A bypasses cytokinesis, thereby generating multiple nuclei by unknown the mechanisms. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we found that SLAN, a potential tumor suppressor, served as a substrate of Aurora-A and knockdown of SLAN induced immature cytokinesis. Aurora-A phosphorylates SLAN at T573 under the help of the scaffold protein 14-3-3η. The SLAN phosphorylation-mimicking mutants T573D or T573E, in contrast to the phosphorylation-deficiency mutant T573A, induced higher level of multinucleated cells, and the endogenous SLAN p573 resided at spindle midzone and midbody with the help of the microtubule motor MKLP1. The Aurora-A- or SLAN-induced multiple nuclei was prevented by the knockdown of 14-3-3η or Aurora-A respectively, thereby revealing a 14-3-3η/Aurora-A/SLAN cascade negatively controlling cytokinesis. Intriguingly, SLAN T573D or T573E inactivated and T573A activated the key cytokinesis regulator RhoA. RhoA interacted with SLAN np573, i.e., the nonphosphorylated form of SLAN at T573, which localized to the spindle midzone dictated by RhoA and ECT2. Therefore, we report here that SLAN mediates the Aurora-A-triggered cytokinesis bypass and SLAN plays dual roles in that process depending on its phosphorylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chih Chiu
- Center for Cell Therapy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kun-Chieh Chen
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jiun-Yi Hsia
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yen Chuang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Medical and Molecular Toxicology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Xin Wan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tong-You Wade Wei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yun-Ru Jaoying Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jo-Mei Maureen Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Amber Liao
- Center for Cell Therapy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Tze Ricky Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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30
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Feng H, Raasholm M, Moosmann A, Campsteijn C, Thompson EM. Switching of INCENP paralogs controls transitions in mitotic chromosomal passenger complex functions. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2006-2025. [PMID: 31306061 PMCID: PMC6681789 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1634954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A single inner centromere protein (INCENP) found throughout eukaryotes modulates Aurora B kinase activity and chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) localization, which is essential for timely mitotic progression. It has been proposed that INCENP might act as a rheostat to regulate Aurora B activity through mitosis, with successively higher activity threshold levels for chromosome alignment, the spindle checkpoint, anaphase spindle transfer and finally spindle elongation and cytokinesis. It remains mechanistically unclear how this would be achieved. Here, we reveal that the urochordate, Oikopleura dioica, possesses two INCENP paralogs, which display distinct localizations and subfunctionalization in order to complete M-phase. INCENPa was localized on chromosome arms and centromeres by prometaphase, and modulated Aurora B activity to mediate H3S10/S28 phosphorylation, chromosome condensation, spindle assembly and transfer of the CPC to the central spindle. Polo-like kinase (Plk1) recruitment to CDK1 phosphorylated INCENPa was crucial for INCENPa-Aurora B enrichment on centromeres. The second paralog, INCENPb was enriched on centromeres from prometaphase, and relocated to the central spindle at anaphase onset. In the absence of INCENPa, meiotic spindles failed to form, and homologous chromosomes did not segregate. INCENPb was not required for early to mid M-phase events but became essential for the activity and localization of Aurora B on the central spindle and midbody during cytokinesis in order to allow abscission to occur. Together, our results demonstrate that INCENP paralog switching on centromeres modulates Aurora B kinase localization, thus chronologically regulating CPC functions during fast embryonic divisions in the urochordate O. dioica. Abbreviations: CCAN: constitutive centromere-associated network; CENPs: centromere proteins; cmRNA: capped messenger RNA; CPC: chromosomal passenger complex; INCENP: inner centromere protein; Plk1: polo-like kinase 1; PP1: protein phosphatase 1; PP2A: protein phosphatase 2A; SAC: spindle assembly checkpoint; SAH: single α-helix domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Feng
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martina Raasholm
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexandra Moosmann
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Coen Campsteijn
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eric M. Thompson
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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31
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Fischböck-Halwachs J, Singh S, Potocnjak M, Hagemann G, Solis-Mezarino V, Woike S, Ghodgaonkar-Steger M, Weissmann F, Gallego LD, Rojas J, Andreani J, Köhler A, Herzog F. The COMA complex interacts with Cse4 and positions Sli15/Ipl1 at the budding yeast inner kinetochore. eLife 2019; 8:42879. [PMID: 31112132 PMCID: PMC6546395 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinetochores are macromolecular protein complexes at centromeres that ensure accurate chromosome segregation by attaching chromosomes to spindle microtubules and integrating safeguard mechanisms. The inner kinetochore is assembled on CENP-A nucleosomes and has been implicated in establishing a kinetochore-associated pool of Aurora B kinase, a chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) subunit, which is essential for chromosome biorientation. By performing crosslink-guided in vitro reconstitution of budding yeast kinetochore complexes we showed that the Ame1/Okp1CENP-U/Q heterodimer, which forms the COMA complex with Ctf19/Mcm21CENP-P/O, selectively bound Cse4CENP-A nucleosomes through the Cse4 N-terminus. The Sli15/Ipl1INCENP/Aurora-B core-CPC interacted with COMA in vitro through the Ctf19 C-terminus whose deletion affected chromosome segregation fidelity in Sli15 wild-type cells. Tethering Sli15 to Ame1/Okp1 rescued synthetic lethality upon Ctf19 depletion in a Sli15 centromere-targeting deficient mutant. This study shows molecular characteristics of the point-centromere kinetochore architecture and suggests a role for the Ctf19 C-terminus in mediating CPC-binding and accurate chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Fischböck-Halwachs
- Gene Center Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Singh
- Gene Center Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mia Potocnjak
- Gene Center Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Götz Hagemann
- Gene Center Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Victor Solis-Mezarino
- Gene Center Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Woike
- Gene Center Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Medini Ghodgaonkar-Steger
- Gene Center Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Weissmann
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura D Gallego
- Max F Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julie Rojas
- Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jessica Andreani
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alwin Köhler
- Max F Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Herzog
- Gene Center Munich, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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32
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Ilan Y. Randomness in microtubule dynamics: an error that requires correction or an inherent plasticity required for normal cellular function? Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:739-748. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Ilan
- Department of MedicineHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem IL91120 Israel
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33
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The binding of Borealin to microtubules underlies a tension independent kinetochore-microtubule error correction pathway. Nat Commun 2019; 10:682. [PMID: 30737408 PMCID: PMC6368601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper chromosome segregation depends upon kinetochore phosphorylation by the Chromosome Passenger Complex (CPC). Current models suggest the activity of the CPC decreases in response to the inter-kinetochore stretch that accompanies the formation of bi-oriented microtubule attachments, however little is known about tension-independent CPC phosphoregulation. Microtubule bundles initially lie in close proximity to inner centromeres and become depleted by metaphase. Here we find these microtubules control kinetochore phosphorylation by the CPC in a tension independent manner via a microtubule-binding site on the Borealin subunit. Disruption of Borealin-microtubule interactions generates reduced phosphorylation of prometaphase kinetochores, improper kinetochore-microtubule attachments and weakened spindle checkpoint signals. Experimental and modeling evidence suggests that kinetochore phosphorylation is greatly stimulated when the CPC binds microtubules that lie near the inner centromere, even if kinetochores have high inter-kinetochore stretch. We propose the CPC senses its local environment through microtubule structures to control phosphorylation of kinetochores. How the chromosome passenger complex (CPC) phosphorylates the kinetochores that can be a micron away to control mitotic events is unknown. Here the authors find that the CPC directly binds microtubules near inner centromeres, which controls its ability to phosphorylate kinetochores independently of tension generated by kinetochore microtubule attachments.
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34
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Berry L, Chen CT, Francia ME, Guerin A, Graindorge A, Saliou JM, Grandmougin M, Wein S, Bechara C, Morlon-Guyot J, Bordat Y, Gubbels MJ, Lebrun M, Dubremetz JF, Daher W. Toxoplasma gondii chromosomal passenger complex is essential for the organization of a functional mitotic spindle: a prerequisite for productive endodyogeny. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4417-4443. [PMID: 30051161 PMCID: PMC6260807 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The phylum Apicomplexa encompasses deadly pathogens such as malaria and Cryptosporidium. Apicomplexa cell division is mechanistically divergent from that of their mammalian host, potentially representing an attractive source of drug targets. Depending on the species, apicomplexan parasites can modulate the output of cell division, producing two to thousands of daughter cells at once. The inherent flexibility of their cell division mechanisms allows these parasites to adapt to different niches, facilitating their dissemination. Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites divide using a unique form of cell division called endodyogeny. This process involves a single round of DNA replication, closed nuclear mitosis, and assembly of two daughter cells within a mother. In higher Eukaryotes, the four-subunit chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) (Aurora kinase B (ARKB)/INCENP/Borealin/Survivin) promotes chromosome bi-orientation by detaching incorrect kinetochore-microtubule attachments, playing an essential role in controlling cell division fidelity. Herein, we report the characterization of the Toxoplasma CPC (Aurora kinase 1 (Ark1)/INCENP1/INCENP2). We show that the CPC exhibits dynamic localization in a cell cycle-dependent manner. TgArk1 interacts with both TgINCENPs, with TgINCENP2 being essential for its translocation to the nucleus. While TgINCENP1 appears to be dispensable, interfering with TgArk1 or TgINCENP2 results in pronounced division and growth defects. Significant anti-cancer drug development efforts have focused on targeting human ARKB. Parasite treatment with low doses of hesperadin, a known inhibitor of human ARKB at higher concentrations, phenocopies the TgArk1 and TgINCENP2 mutants. Overall, our study provides new insights into the mechanisms underpinning cell cycle control in Apicomplexa, and highlights TgArk1 as potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Berry
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR5235 CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chun-Ti Chen
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Maria E Francia
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Amandine Guerin
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR5235 CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800, Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Arnault Graindorge
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR5235 CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Saliou
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Maurane Grandmougin
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, University of Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Sharon Wein
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR5235 CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chérine Bechara
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR5235 CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, UMR5230 INSERM U1191, University of Montpellier, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Juliette Morlon-Guyot
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR5235 CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yann Bordat
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR5235 CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc-Jan Gubbels
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Maryse Lebrun
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR5235 CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Dubremetz
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR5235 CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Wassim Daher
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR5235 CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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35
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Abstract
Mitosis is controlled by reversible protein phosphorylation involving specific kinases and phosphatases. A handful of major mitotic protein kinases, such as the cyclin B-CDK1 complex, the Aurora kinases, and Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), cooperatively regulate distinct mitotic processes. Research has identified proteins and mechanisms that integrate these kinases into signaling cascades that guide essential mitotic events. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the mechanisms of mitotic regulation and may advance the development of novel antimitotic drugs. We review collected evidence that in vertebrates, the Aurora kinases serve as catalytic subunits of distinct complexes formed with the four scaffold proteins Bora, CEP192, INCENP, and TPX2, which we deem "core" Aurora cofactors. These complexes and the Aurora-PLK1 cascades organized by Bora, CEP192, and INCENP control crucial aspects of mitosis and all pathways of spindle assembly. We compare the mechanisms of Aurora activation in relation to the different spindle assembly pathways and draw a functional analogy between the CEP192 complex and the chromosomal passenger complex that may reflect the coevolution of centrosomes, kinetochores, and the actomyosin cleavage apparatus. We also analyze the roles and mechanisms of Aurora-PLK1 signaling in the cell and centrosome cycles and in the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Joukov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg 197758, Russian Federation.
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36
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Kovács Á, Dudola D, Nyitray L, Tóth G, Nagy Z, Gáspári Z. Detection of single alpha-helices in large protein sequence sets using hardware acceleration. J Struct Biol 2018; 204:109-116. [PMID: 29908248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Single alpha-helices (SAHs) are increasingly recognized as important structural and functional elements of proteins. Comprehensive identification of SAH segments in large protein datasets was largely hindered by the slow speed of the most restrictive prediction tool for their identification, FT_CHARGE on common hardware. We have previously implemented an FPGA-based version of this tool allowing fast analysis of a large number of sequences. Using this implementation, we have set up of a semi-automated pipeline capable of analyzing full UniProt releases in reasonable time and compiling monthly updates of a comprehensive database of SAH segments. Releases of this database, denoted CSAHDB, is available on the CSAHserver 2 website at csahserver.itk.ppke.hu. An overview of human SAH-containing sequences combined with a literature survey suggests specific roles of SAH segments in proteins involved in RNA-based regulation processes as well as cytoskeletal proteins, a number of which is also linked to the development and function of synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Kovács
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Dudola
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyitray
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tóth
- Department for Research and Development, National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Nagy
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Gáspári
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary.
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37
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Platani M, Samejima I, Samejima K, Kanemaki MT, Earnshaw WC. Seh1 targets GATOR2 and Nup153 to mitotic chromosomes. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.213140. [PMID: 29618633 PMCID: PMC5992584 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.213140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In metazoa, the Nup107 complex (also known as the nucleoporin Y-complex) plays a major role in formation of the nuclear pore complex in interphase and is localised to kinetochores in mitosis. The Nup107 complex shares a single highly conserved subunit, Seh1 (also known as SEH1L in mammals) with the GATOR2 complex, an essential activator of mTORC1 kinase. mTORC1/GATOR2 has a central role in the coordination of cell growth and proliferation. Here, we use chemical genetics and quantitative chromosome proteomics to study the role of the Seh1 protein in mitosis. Surprisingly, Seh1 is not required for the association of the Nup107 complex with mitotic chromosomes, but it is essential for the association of both the GATOR2 complex and nucleoporin Nup153 with mitotic chromosomes. Our analysis also reveals a role for Seh1 at human centromeres, where it is required for efficient localisation of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC). Furthermore, this analysis detects a functional interaction between the Nup107 complex and the small kinetochore protein SKAP (also known as KNSTRN). Highlighted Article: The nucleoporin Seh1 is essential for the association of both the GATOR2 complex and the nucleoporin Nup153, but not the Nup107 complex, with mitotic chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melpomeni Platani
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Itaru Samejima
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Kumiko Samejima
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Masato T Kanemaki
- Division of Molecular Cell Engineering, National Institute of Genetics, ROIS, and Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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38
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Simm D, Kollmar M. Waggawagga-CLI: A command-line tool for predicting stable single α-helices (SAH-domains), and the SAH-domain distribution across eukaryotes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191924. [PMID: 29444145 PMCID: PMC5812594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable single-alpha helices (SAH-domains) function as rigid connectors and constant force springs between structural domains, and can provide contact surfaces for protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions. SAH-domains mainly consist of charged amino acids and are monomeric and stable in polar solutions, characteristics which distinguish them from coiled-coil domains and intrinsically disordered regions. Although the number of reported SAH-domains is steadily increasing, genome-wide analyses of SAH-domains in eukaryotic genomes are still missing. Here, we present Waggawagga-CLI, a command-line tool for predicting and analysing SAH-domains in protein sequence datasets. Using Waggawagga-CLI we predicted SAH-domains in 24 datasets from eukaryotes across the tree of life. SAH-domains were predicted in 0.5 to 3.5% of the protein-coding content per species. SAH-domains are particularly present in longer proteins supporting their function as structural building block in multi-domain proteins. In human, SAH-domains are mainly used as alternative building blocks not being present in all transcripts of a gene. Gene ontology analysis showed that yeast proteins with SAH-domains are particular enriched in macromolecular complex subunit organization, cellular component biogenesis and RNA metabolic processes, and that they have a strong nuclear and ribonucleoprotein complex localization and function in ribosome and nucleic acid binding. Human proteins with SAH-domains have roles in all types of RNA processing and cytoskeleton organization, and are predicted to function in RNA binding, protein binding involved in cell and cell-cell adhesion, and cytoskeletal protein binding. Waggawagga-CLI allows the user to adjust the stabilizing and destabilizing contribution of amino acid interactions in i,i+3 and i,i+4 spacings, and provides extensive flexibility for user-designed analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Simm
- Group Systems Biology of Motor Proteins, Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Theoretical Computer Science and Algorithmic Methods, Institute of Computer Science, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Kollmar
- Group Systems Biology of Motor Proteins, Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Batchelor M, Wolny M, Kurzawa M, Dougan L, Knight PJ, Peckham M. Determining Stable Single Alpha Helical (SAH) Domain Properties by Circular Dichroism and Atomic Force Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1805:185-211. [PMID: 29971719 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8556-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stable, single α-helical (SAH) domains exist in a number of unconventional myosin isoforms, as well as other proteins. These domains are formed from sequences rich in charged residues (Arg, Lys, and Glu), they can be hundreds of residues long, and in isolation they can tolerate significant changes in pH and salt concentration without loss in helicity. Here we describe methods for the preparation and purification of SAH domains and SAH domain-containing constructs, using the myosin 10 SAH domain as an example. We go on to describe the use of circular dichroism spectroscopy and force spectroscopy with the atomic force microscope for the elucidation of structural and mechanical properties of these unusual helical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Batchelor
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marcin Wolny
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marta Kurzawa
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lorna Dougan
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Peter J Knight
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michelle Peckham
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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40
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Hindriksen S, Lens SMA, Hadders MA. The Ins and Outs of Aurora B Inner Centromere Localization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:112. [PMID: 29312936 PMCID: PMC5743930 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Error-free chromosome segregation is essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity during cell division. Aurora B, the enzymatic subunit of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC), plays a crucial role in this process. In early mitosis Aurora B localizes predominantly to the inner centromere, a specialized region of chromatin that lies at the crossroads between the inter-kinetochore and inter-sister chromatid axes. Two evolutionarily conserved histone kinases, Haspin and Bub1, control the positioning of the CPC at the inner centromere and this location is thought to be crucial for the CPC to function. However, recent studies sketch a subtler picture, in which not all functions of the CPC require strict confinement to the inner centromere. In this review we discuss the molecular pathways that direct Aurora B to the inner centromere and deliberate if and why this specific localization is important for Aurora B function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Hindriksen
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A Lens
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael A Hadders
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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41
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Budamagunta MS, Guo F, Sun N, Shibata B, FitzGerald PG, Voss JC, Hess JF. Production of recombinant human tektin 1, 2, and 4 and in vitro assembly of human tektin 1. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2017; 75:3-11. [PMID: 29108134 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Proteins predicted to be composed of large stretches of coiled-coil structure have often proven difficult to crystallize for structural determination. We have successfully applied EPR spectroscopic techniques to the study of the structure and assembly of full-length human vimentin assembled into native 11 nm filaments, in physiologic solution, circumventing the limitations of crystallizing shorter peptide sequences. Tektins are a small family of highly alpha helical filamentous proteins found in the doublet microtubules of cilia and related structures. Tektins exhibit several similarities to intermediate filaments (IFs): moderate molecular weight, highly alpha helical, hypothesized to be coiled-coil, and homo- and heteromeric assembly into long smooth filaments. In this report, we show the application of IF research methodologies to the study of tektin structure and assembly. To begin in vitro studies, expression constructs for human tektins 1, 2, and 4 were synthesized. Recombinant tektins were produced in E. coli and purified by chromatography. Preparations of tektin 1 successfully formed filaments. The recombinant human tektin 1 was used to produce antibodies which recognized an antigen in mouse testes, most likely present in sperm flagella. Finally, we report the creation of seven mutants to analyze predictions of coiled-coil structure in the rod 1A domain of tektin 1. Although this region is predicted to be coiled-coil, our EPR analysis does not reflect the parallel, in register, coiled-coil structure as demonstrated in vimentin and kinesin. These results document that tektin can be successfully expressed and assembled in vitro, and that SDSL EPR techniques can be used for structural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Budamagunta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, 95616
| | - F Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, 95616
| | - N Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, 95616
| | - B Shibata
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, 95616
| | - P G FitzGerald
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, 95616
| | - J C Voss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, 95616
| | - J F Hess
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, 95616
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42
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Hanley ML, Yoo TY, Sonnett M, Needleman DJ, Mitchison TJ. Chromosomal passenger complex hydrodynamics suggests chaperoning of the inactive state by nucleoplasmin/nucleophosmin. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1444-1456. [PMID: 28404751 PMCID: PMC5449145 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-12-0860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is a conserved, essential regulator of cell division. As such, significant anti-cancer drug development efforts have been focused on targeting it, most notably by inhibiting its AURKB kinase subunit. The CPC is activated by AURKB-catalyzed autophosphorylation on multiple subunits, but how this regulates CPC interactions with other mitotic proteins remains unclear. We investigated the hydrodynamic behavior of the CPC in Xenopus laevis egg cytosol using sucrose gradient sedimentation and in HeLa cells using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. We found that autophosphorylation of the CPC decreases its sedimentation coefficient in egg cytosol and increases its diffusion coefficient in live cells, indicating a decrease in mass. Using immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry and immunoblots, we discovered that inactive, unphosphorylated CPC interacts with nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin proteins, which are known to oligomerize into pentamers and decamers. Autophosphorylation of the CPC causes it to dissociate from nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin. We propose that nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin complexes serve as chaperones that negatively regulate the CPC and/or stabilize its inactive form, preventing CPC autophosphorylation and recruitment to chromatin and microtubules in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah L Hanley
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114-5701.,Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138-2902
| | - Tae Yeon Yoo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138-2902
| | - Matthew Sonnett
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114-5701
| | - Daniel J Needleman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138-2902.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138-2902
| | - Timothy J Mitchison
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114-5701
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Fink S, Turnbull K, Desai A, Campbell CS. An engineered minimal chromosomal passenger complex reveals a role for INCENP/Sli15 spindle association in chromosome biorientation. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:911-923. [PMID: 28314741 PMCID: PMC5379952 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201609123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The four-subunit chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), whose enzymatic subunit is Aurora B kinase, promotes chromosome biorientation by detaching incorrect kinetochore-microtubule attachments. In this study, we use a combination of truncations and artificial dimerization in budding yeast to define the minimal CPC elements essential for its biorientation function. We engineered a minimal CPC comprised of the dimerized last third of the kinase-activating Sli15/INCENP scaffold and the catalytic subunit Ipl1/Aurora B. Although native Sli15 is not oligomeric, artificial dimerization suppressed the biorientation defect and lethality associated with deletion of a majority of its microtubule-binding domain. Dimerization did not act through a physical clustering-based kinase activation mechanism but instead promoted spindle association, likely via a putative helical domain in Sli15 that is essential even when dimerized and is required to target kinetochore substrates. Based on the engineering and characterization of a minimal CPC, we suggest that spindle association is important for active Ipl1/Aurora B complexes to preferentially destabilize misattached kinetochores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fink
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kira Turnbull
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Christopher S Campbell
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Simm D, Hatje K, Kollmar M. Distribution and evolution of stable single α-helices (SAH domains) in myosin motor proteins. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174639. [PMID: 28369123 PMCID: PMC5378345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable single-alpha helices (SAHs) are versatile structural elements in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins acting as semi-flexible linkers and constant force springs. This way SAH-domains function as part of the lever of many different myosins. Canonical myosin levers consist of one or several IQ-motifs to which light chains such as calmodulin bind. SAH-domains provide flexibility in length and stiffness to the myosin levers, and may be particularly suited for myosins working in crowded cellular environments. Although the function of the SAH-domains in human class-6 and class-10 myosins has well been characterised, the distribution of the SAH-domain in all myosin subfamilies and across the eukaryotic tree of life remained elusive. Here, we analysed the largest available myosin sequence dataset consisting of 7919 manually annotated myosin sequences from 938 species representing all major eukaryotic branches using the SAH-prediction algorithm of Waggawagga, a recently developed tool for the identification of SAH-domains. With this approach we identified SAH-domains in more than one third of the supposed 79 myosin subfamilies. Depending on the myosin class, the presence of SAH-domains can range from a few to almost all class members indicating complex patterns of independent and taxon-specific SAH-domain gain and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Simm
- Group Systems Biology of Motor Proteins, Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Theoretical Computer Science and Algorithmic Methods, Institute of Computer Science, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klas Hatje
- Group Systems Biology of Motor Proteins, Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Kollmar
- Group Systems Biology of Motor Proteins, Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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45
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Wheelock MS, Wynne DJ, Tseng BS, Funabiki H. Dual recognition of chromatin and microtubules by INCENP is important for mitotic progression. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:925-941. [PMID: 28314740 PMCID: PMC5379950 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201609061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), composed of inner centromere protein (INCENP), Survivin, Borealin, and the kinase Aurora B, contributes to the activation of the mitotic checkpoint. The regulation of CPC function remains unclear. Here, we reveal that in addition to Survivin and Borealin, the single α-helix (SAH) domain of INCENP supports CPC localization to chromatin and the mitotic checkpoint. The INCENP SAH domain also mediates INCENP's microtubule binding, which is negatively regulated by Cyclin-dependent kinase-mediated phosphorylation of segments flanking the SAH domain. The microtubule-binding capacity of the SAH domain is important for mitotic arrest in conditions of suppressed microtubule dynamics, and the duration of mitotic arrest dictates the probability, but not the timing, of cell death. Although independent targeting of INCENP to microtubules or the kinetochore/centromere promotes the mitotic checkpoint, it is insufficient for a robust mitotic arrest. Altogether, our results demonstrate that dual recognition of chromatin and microtubules by CPC is important for checkpoint maintenance and determination of cell fate in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Wheelock
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - David J Wynne
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065.,Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628
| | - Boo Shan Tseng
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065.,The School of Life Sciences, The University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154
| | - Hironori Funabiki
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
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46
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Wolny M, Batchelor M, Bartlett GJ, Baker EG, Kurzawa M, Knight PJ, Dougan L, Woolfson DN, Paci E, Peckham M. Characterization of long and stable de novo single alpha-helix domains provides novel insight into their stability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44341. [PMID: 28287151 PMCID: PMC5347031 DOI: 10.1038/srep44341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally-occurring single α-helices (SAHs), are rich in Arg (R), Glu (E) and Lys (K) residues, and stabilized by multiple salt bridges. Understanding how salt bridges promote their stability is challenging as SAHs are long and their sequences highly variable. Thus, we designed and tested simple de novo 98-residue polypeptides containing 7-residue repeats (AEEEXXX, where X is K or R) expected to promote salt-bridge formation between Glu and Lys/Arg. Lys-rich sequences (EK3 (AEEEKKK) and EK2R1 (AEEEKRK)) both form SAHs, of which EK2R1 is more helical and thermo-stable suggesting Arg increases stability. Substituting Lys with Arg (or vice versa) in the naturally-occurring myosin-6 SAH similarly increased (or decreased) its stability. However, Arg-rich de novo sequences (ER3 (AEEERRR) and EK1R2 (AEEEKRR)) aggregated. Combining a PDB analysis with molecular modelling provides a rational explanation, demonstrating that Glu and Arg form salt bridges more commonly, utilize a wider range of rotamer conformations, and are more dynamic than Glu-Lys. This promiscuous nature of Arg helps explain the increased propensity of de novo Arg-rich SAHs to aggregate. Importantly, the specific K:R ratio is likely to be important in determining helical stability in de novo and naturally-occurring polypeptides, giving new insight into how single α-helices are stabilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wolny
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matthew Batchelor
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gail J. Bartlett
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Emily G. Baker
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Marta Kurzawa
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Peter J. Knight
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lorna Dougan
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Derek N. Woolfson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Emanuele Paci
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michelle Peckham
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Lampson MA, Grishchuk EL. Mechanisms to Avoid and Correct Erroneous Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachments. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:E1. [PMID: 28067761 PMCID: PMC5371994 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In dividing vertebrate cells multiple microtubules must connect to mitotic kinetochores in a highly stereotypical manner, with each sister kinetochore forming microtubule attachments to only one spindle pole. The exact sequence of events by which this goal is achieved varies considerably from cell to cell because of the variable locations of kinetochores and spindle poles, and randomness of initial microtubule attachments. These chance encounters with the kinetochores nonetheless ultimately lead to the desired outcome with high fidelity and in a limited time frame, providing one of the most startling examples of biological self-organization. This chapter discusses mechanisms that contribute to accurate chromosome segregation by helping dividing cells to avoid and resolve improper microtubule attachments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Lampson
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ekaterina L Grishchuk
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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48
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Dudola D, Tóth G, Nyitray L, Gáspári Z. Consensus Prediction of Charged Single Alpha-Helices with CSAHserver. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1484:25-34. [PMID: 27787817 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6406-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Charged single alpha-helices (CSAHs) constitute a rare structural motif. CSAH is characterized by a high density of regularly alternating residues with positively and negatively charged side chains. Such segments exhibit unique structural properties; however, there are only a handful of proteins where its existence is experimentally verified. Therefore, establishing a pipeline that is capable of predicting the presence of CSAH segments with a low false positive rate is of considerable importance. Here we describe a consensus-based approach that relies on two conceptually different CSAH detection methods and a final filter based on the estimated helix-forming capabilities of the segments. This pipeline was shown to be capable of identifying previously uncharacterized CSAH segments that could be verified experimentally. The method is available as a web server at http://csahserver.itk.ppke.hu and also a downloadable standalone program suitable to scan larger sequence collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Dudola
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter u. 50/A, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tóth
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyitray
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gáspári
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter u. 50/A, Budapest, 1083, Hungary.
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Ye
- a Biology Department; University of Massachusetts ; Amherst , MA USA.,b Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program; University of Massachusetts ; Amherst , MA USA
| | - Thomas J Maresca
- a Biology Department; University of Massachusetts ; Amherst , MA USA.,b Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program; University of Massachusetts ; Amherst , MA USA
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Kar SP, Beesley J, Amin Al Olama A, Michailidou K, Tyrer J, Kote-Jarai ZS, Lawrenson K, Lindstrom S, Ramus SJ, Thompson DJ, Kibel AS, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Michael A, Dieffenbach AK, Gentry-Maharaj A, Whittemore AS, Wolk A, Monteiro A, Peixoto A, Kierzek A, Cox A, Rudolph A, Gonzalez-Neira A, Wu AH, Lindblom A, Swerdlow A, Ziogas A, Ekici AB, Burwinkel B, Karlan BY, Nordestgaard BG, Blomqvist C, Phelan C, McLean C, Pearce CL, Vachon C, Cybulski C, Slavov C, Stegmaier C, Maier C, Ambrosone CB, Høgdall CK, Teerlink CC, Kang D, Tessier DC, Schaid DJ, Stram DO, Cramer DW, Neal DE, Eccles D, Flesch-Janys D, Edwards DRV, Wokozorczyk D, Levine DA, Yannoukakos D, Sawyer EJ, Bandera EV, Poole EM, Goode EL, Khusnutdinova E, Høgdall E, Song F, Bruinsma F, Heitz F, Modugno F, Hamdy FC, Wiklund F, Giles GG, Olsson H, Wildiers H, Ulmer HU, Pandha H, Risch HA, Darabi H, Salvesen HB, Nevanlinna H, Gronberg H, Brenner H, Brauch H, Anton-Culver H, Song H, Lim HY, McNeish I, Campbell I, Vergote I, Gronwald J, Lubiński J, Stanford JL, Benítez J, Doherty JA, Permuth JB, Chang-Claude J, Donovan JL, Dennis J, Schildkraut JM, Schleutker J, Hopper JL, Kupryjanczyk J, Park JY, Figueroa J, Clements JA, Knight JA, Peto J, Cunningham JM, Pow-Sang J, Batra J, Czene K, Lu KH, Herkommer K, Khaw KT, Matsuo K, Muir K, Offitt K, Chen K, Moysich KB, Aittomäki K, Odunsi K, Kiemeney LA, Massuger LFAG, Fitzgerald LM, Cook LS, Cannon-Albright L, Hooning MJ, Pike MC, Bolla MK, Luedeke M, Teixeira MR, Goodman MT, Schmidt MK, Riggan M, Aly M, Rossing MA, Beckmann MW, Moisse M, Sanderson M, Southey MC, Jones M, Lush M, Hildebrandt MAT, Hou MF, Schoemaker MJ, Garcia-Closas M, Bogdanova N, Rahman N, Le ND, Orr N, Wentzensen N, Pashayan N, Peterlongo P, Guénel P, Brennan P, Paulo P, Webb PM, Broberg P, Fasching PA, Devilee P, Wang Q, Cai Q, Li Q, Kaneva R, Butzow R, Kopperud RK, Schmutzler RK, Stephenson RA, MacInnis RJ, Hoover RN, Winqvist R, Ness R, Milne RL, Travis RC, Benlloch S, Olson SH, McDonnell SK, Tworoger SS, Maia S, Berndt S, Lee SC, Teo SH, Thibodeau SN, Bojesen SE, Gapstur SM, Kjær SK, Pejovic T, Tammela TLJ, Dörk T, Brüning T, Wahlfors T, Key TJ, Edwards TL, Menon U, Hamann U, Mitev V, Kosma VM, Setiawan VW, Kristensen V, Arndt V, Vogel W, Zheng W, Sieh W, Blot WJ, Kluzniak W, Shu XO, Gao YT, Schumacher F, Freedman ML, Berchuck A, Dunning AM, Simard J, Haiman CA, Spurdle A, Sellers TA, Hunter DJ, Henderson BE, Kraft P, Chanock SJ, Couch FJ, Hall P, Gayther SA, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G, Eeles R, Pharoah PDP, Lambrechts D. Genome-Wide Meta-Analyses of Breast, Ovarian, and Prostate Cancer Association Studies Identify Multiple New Susceptibility Loci Shared by at Least Two Cancer Types. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:1052-67. [PMID: 27432226 PMCID: PMC5010513 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers are hormone-related and may have a shared genetic basis, but this has not been investigated systematically by genome-wide association (GWA) studies. Meta-analyses combining the largest GWA meta-analysis data sets for these cancers totaling 112,349 cases and 116,421 controls of European ancestry, all together and in pairs, identified at P < 10(-8) seven new cross-cancer loci: three associated with susceptibility to all three cancers (rs17041869/2q13/BCL2L11; rs7937840/11q12/INCENP; rs1469713/19p13/GATAD2A), two breast and ovarian cancer risk loci (rs200182588/9q31/SMC2; rs8037137/15q26/RCCD1), and two breast and prostate cancer risk loci (rs5013329/1p34/NSUN4; rs9375701/6q23/L3MBTL3). Index variants in five additional regions previously associated with only one cancer also showed clear association with a second cancer type. Cell-type-specific expression quantitative trait locus and enhancer-gene interaction annotations suggested target genes with potential cross-cancer roles at the new loci. Pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment of death receptor signaling genes near loci with P < 10(-5) in the three-cancer meta-analysis. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrate that combining large-scale GWA meta-analysis findings across cancer types can identify completely new risk loci common to breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. We show that the identification of such cross-cancer risk loci has the potential to shed new light on the shared biology underlying these hormone-related cancers. Cancer Discov; 6(9); 1052-67. ©2016 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 932.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha P Kar
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Kate Lawrenson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, the Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Aida K Dieffenbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Environmental Medicine, Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alvaro Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ana Peixoto
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Gonzalez-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) and Spanish National Genotyping Center (CEGEN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, UCI Center for Cancer Genetics Research and Prevention, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Arif B Ekici
- University Hospital Erlangen, Institute of Human Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Catherine Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Celeste Leigh Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Urology, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | - Claus K Høgdall
- The Juliane Marie Centre, Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Craig C Teerlink
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Daehee Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. Departments of Preventive Medicine and Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daniel C Tessier
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David E Neal
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine and Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dominika Wokozorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia. Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fengju Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany. Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Women's Cancer Research Program, Magee-Womens Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Faculty of Medical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Departments of Cancer Epidemiology and Oncology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany. University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, UCI Center for Cancer Genetics Research and Prevention, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Honglin Song
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hui-Yi Lim
- Biostatistics Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Iain McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ian Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubiński
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Javier Benítez
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) and Spanish National Genotyping Center (CEGEN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, the Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Judith A Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julia A Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada. Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Julio Pow-Sang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Kenneth Offitt
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Radbond Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leon F A G Massuger
- Department of Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Linda S Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manuel Luedeke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal. Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, and Community and Population Health Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjorie Riggan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Markus Aly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Natalia Bogdanova
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nazneen Rahman
- Section of Cancer Genetics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nhu D Le
- Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nick Orr
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Pascal Guénel
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France. University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Per Broberg
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Devilee
- Departments of Human Genetics and of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reidun Kristin Kopperud
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) and Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert A Stephenson
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, Oulu, Finland
| | - Roberta Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sofia Maia
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sonja Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore. Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia. University of Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Stig E Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Susanne Krüger Kjær
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Teuvo L J Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Tiina Wahlfors
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tim J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ute Hamann
- Frauenklinik der Stadtklinik Baden-Baden, Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway. K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walther Vogel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - William J Blot
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wojciech Kluzniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amanda Spurdle
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK. Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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