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Au WH, Miller-Fleming L, Sanchez-Martinez A, Lee JA, Twyning MJ, Prag HA, Raik L, Allen SP, Shaw PJ, Ferraiuolo L, Mortiboys H, Whitworth AJ. Activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway suppresses mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and motor phenotypes in C9orf72 ALS/FTD models. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402853. [PMID: 38906677 PMCID: PMC11192839 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common feature of C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD); however, it remains unclear whether this is a cause or consequence of the pathogenic process. Analysing multiple aspects of mitochondrial biology across several Drosophila models of C9orf72-ALS/FTD, we found morphology, oxidative stress, and mitophagy are commonly affected, which correlated with progressive loss of locomotor performance. Notably, only genetic manipulations that reversed the oxidative stress levels were also able to rescue C9orf72 locomotor deficits, supporting a causative link between mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and behavioural phenotypes. Targeting the key antioxidant Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, we found that genetic reduction of Keap1 or pharmacological inhibition by dimethyl fumarate significantly rescued the C9orf72-related oxidative stress and motor deficits. Finally, mitochondrial ROS levels were also elevated in C9orf72 patient-derived iNeurons and were effectively suppressed by dimethyl fumarate treatment. These results indicate that mitochondrial oxidative stress is an important mechanistic contributor to C9orf72 pathogenesis, affecting multiple aspects of mitochondrial function and turnover. Targeting the Keap1/Nrf2 signalling pathway to combat oxidative stress represents a therapeutic strategy for C9orf72-related ALS/FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Hei Au
- https://ror.org/013meh722 MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- https://ror.org/013meh722 John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leonor Miller-Fleming
- https://ror.org/013meh722 MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alvaro Sanchez-Martinez
- https://ror.org/013meh722 MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Ak Lee
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Madeleine J Twyning
- https://ror.org/013meh722 MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hiran A Prag
- https://ror.org/013meh722 MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- https://ror.org/013meh722 Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Raik
- https://ror.org/013meh722 MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Scott P Allen
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Laura Ferraiuolo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Heather Mortiboys
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alexander J Whitworth
- https://ror.org/013meh722 MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Laddha AP, Wu H, Manautou JE. Deciphering Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity: The Crucial Role of Transcription Factors like Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 as Genetic Determinants of Susceptibility to Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:740-753. [PMID: 38857948 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.124.001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most commonly used over-the-counter medication throughout the world. At therapeutic doses, APAP has potent analgesic and antipyretic effects. The efficacy and safety of APAP are influenced by multifactorial processes dependent upon dosing, namely frequency and total dose. APAP poisoning by repeated ingestion of supratherapeutic doses, depletes glutathione stores in the liver and other organs capable of metabolic bioactivation, leading to hepatocellular death due to exhausted antioxidant defenses. Numerous genes, encompassing transcription factors and signaling pathways, have been identified as playing pivotal roles in APAP toxicity, with the liver being the primary organ studied due to its central role in APAP metabolism and injury. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and its array of downstream responsive genes are crucial in counteracting APAP toxicity. NRF2, along with its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, plays a vital role in regulating intracellular redox homeostasis. This regulation is significant in modulating the oxidative stress, inflammation, and hepatocellular death induced by APAP. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the mechanisms through which NRF2 activation and signaling critically influence the threshold for developing APAP toxicity. We also describe how genetically modified rodent models for NRF2 and related genes have been pivotal in underscoring the significance of this antioxidant response pathway. While NRF2 is a primary focus, the article comprehensively explores other genetic factors involved in phase I and phase II metabolism of APAP, inflammation, oxidative stress, and related pathways that contribute to APAP toxicity, thereby providing a holistic understanding of the genetic landscape influencing susceptibility to this condition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review summarizes the genetic elements and signaling pathways underlying APAP-induced liver toxicity, focusing on the crucial protective role of the transcription factor NRF2. This review also delves into the genetic intricacies influencing APAP safety and potential liver harm. It also emphasizes the need for deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, especially the interplay of NRF2 with other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit P Laddha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Hangyu Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - José E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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3
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Tan JYK, Chew LY, Juhász G, Yu F. Interplay between autophagy and CncC regulates dendrite pruning in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310740121. [PMID: 38408233 PMCID: PMC10927499 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310740121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is essential for the turnover of damaged organelles and long-lived proteins. It is responsible for many biological processes such as maintaining brain functions and aging. Impaired autophagy is often linked to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases in humans. However, the role of autophagy in neuronal pruning during development remains poorly understood. Here, we report that autophagy regulates dendrite-specific pruning of ddaC sensory neurons in parallel to local caspase activation. Impaired autophagy causes the formation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates in ddaC neurons, dependent on the autophagic receptor Ref(2)P. Furthermore, the metabolic regulator AMP-activated protein kinase and the insulin-target of rapamycin pathway act upstream to regulate autophagy during dendrite pruning. Importantly, autophagy is required to activate the transcription factor CncC (Cap "n" collar isoform C), thereby promoting dendrite pruning. Conversely, CncC also indirectly affects autophagic activity via proteasomal degradation, as impaired CncC results in the inhibition of autophagy through sequestration of Atg8a into ubiquitinated protein aggregates. Thus, this study demonstrates the important role of autophagy in activating CncC prior to dendrite pruning, and further reveals an interplay between autophagy and CncC in neuronal pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Yu Kelly Tan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore117543, Singapore
| | - Liang Yuh Chew
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore117543, Singapore
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, BudapestH-1117, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, SzegedH-6726, Hungary
| | - Fengwei Yu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore117543, Singapore
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4
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Liu LK, Jian JT, Jing SS, Gao RL, Chi XD, Tian G, Liu HP. The crustacean DNA virus tegument protein VP26 binds to SNAP29 to inhibit SNARE complex assembly and autophagic degradation. J Virol 2024; 98:e0140823. [PMID: 38189252 PMCID: PMC10878264 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01408-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy generally functions as a cellular surveillance mechanism to combat invading viruses, but viruses have evolved various strategies to block autophagic degradation and even subvert it to promote viral propagation. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most highly pathogenic crustacean virus, but little is currently known about whether crustacean viruses such as WSSV can subvert autophagic degradation for escape. Here, we show that even though WSSV proliferation triggers the accumulation of autophagosomes, autophagic degradation is blocked in the crustacean species red claw crayfish. Interestingly, the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex including CqSNAP29, CqVAMP7, and the novel autophagosome SNARE protein CqSyx12 is required for autophagic flux to restrict WSSV replication, as revealed by gene silencing experiments. Simultaneously, the expressed WSSV tegument protein VP26, which likely localizes on autophagic membrane mediated by its transmembrane region, binds the Qb-SNARE domain of CqSNAP29 to competitively inhibit the binding of CqSyx12-Qa-SNARE with CqSNAP29-Qb-SNARE; this in turn disrupts the assembly of the CqSyx12-SNAP29-VAMP7 SNARE complex, which is indispensable for the proposed fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. Consequently, the autophagic degradation of WSSV is likely suppressed by the expressed VP26 protein in vivo in crayfish, thus probably protecting WSSV components from degradation via the autophagosome-lysosome pathway, resulting in evasion by WSSV. Collectively, these findings highlight how a DNA virus can subvert autophagic degradation by impairing the assembly of the SNARE complex to achieve evasion, paving the way for understanding host-DNA virus interactions from an evolutionary point of view, from crustaceans to mammals.IMPORTANCEWhite spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the largest animal DNA viruses in terms of its genome size and has caused huge economic losses in the farming of crustaceans such as shrimp and crayfish. Detailed knowledge of WSSV-host interactions is still lacking, particularly regarding viral escape from host immune clearance. Intriguingly, we found that the presence of WSSV-VP26 might inhibit the autophagic degradation of WSSV in vivo in the crustacean species red claw crayfish. Importantly, this study is the first to show that viral protein VP26 functions as a core factor to benefit WSSV escape by disrupting the assembly of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex, which is necessary for the proposed fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes for subsequent degradation. These findings highlight a novel mechanism of DNA virus evasion by blocking SNARE complex assembly and identify viral VP26 as a key candidate for anti-WSSV targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiu-Ting Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shan-Shan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Rui-Lin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China
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5
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Liu J, Wu HH, Zhang YC, Zhang JZ, Ma EB, Zhang XY. Transcription factors, cap 'n' collar isoform C regulates the expression of CYP450 genes involving in insecticides susceptibility in Locusta migratoria. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105627. [PMID: 37945261 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cap 'n' collar (Cnc) belongs to the Basic Leucine Zipper (bZIP) transcription factor super family. Cap 'n' collar isoform C (CncC) is highly conserved in the animal kingdom. CncC contributes to the regulation of growth, development, and aging and takes part in the maintenance of homeostasis and the defense against endogenous and environmental stress. Insect CncC participates in the regulation of various kinds of stress-responsive genes and is involved in the development of insecticide resistance. RESULTS In this study, one full-length CncC sequence of Locusta migratoria was identified and characterized. Upon RNAi silencing of LmCncC, insecticide bioassays showed that LmCncC played an essential role in deltamethrin and imidacloprid susceptibility. To fully investigate the downstream genes regulated by LmCncC and further identify the LmCncC-regulated genes involved in deltamethrin and imidacloprid susceptibility, a comparative transcriptome was constructed. Thirty-five up-regulated genes and 73 down-regulated genes were screened from dsLmCncC-knockdown individuals. We selected 22 LmCncC-regulated genes and verified their gene expression levels using RT-qPCR. Finally, six LmCYP450 genes belonging to the CYP6 family were selected as candidate detoxification genes, and LmCYP6FD1 and LmCYP6FE1 were further validated as detoxification genes of insecticides via RNAi, insecticide bioassays, and metabolite identification. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the locust CncC gene is associated with deltamethrin and imidacloprid susceptibility via the regulation of LmCYP6FD1 and LmCYP6FE1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Hai-Hua Wu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jian-Zhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, China
| | - En-Bo Ma
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xue-Yao Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, China.
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6
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Moehlman AT, Kanfer G, Youle RJ. Loss of STING in parkin mutant flies suppresses muscle defects and mitochondria damage. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010828. [PMID: 37440574 PMCID: PMC10368295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The early pathogenesis and underlying molecular causes of motor neuron degeneration in Parkinson's Disease (PD) remains unresolved. In the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, loss of the early-onset PD gene parkin (the ortholog of human PRKN) results in impaired climbing ability, damage to the indirect flight muscles, and mitochondrial fragmentation with swelling. These stressed mitochondria have been proposed to activate innate immune pathways through release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Parkin-mediated mitophagy is hypothesized to suppress mitochondrial damage and subsequent activation of the cGAS/STING innate immunity pathway, but the relevance of this interaction in the fly remains unresolved. Using a combination of genetics, immunoassays, and RNA sequencing, we investigated a potential role for STING in the onset of parkin-null phenotypes. Our findings demonstrate that loss of Drosophila STING in flies rescues the thorax muscle defects and the climbing ability of parkin-/- mutants. Loss of STING also suppresses the disrupted mitochondrial morphology in parkin-/- flight muscles, suggesting unexpected feedback of STING on mitochondria integrity or activation of a compensatory mitochondrial pathway. In the animals lacking both parkin and sting, PINK1 is activated and cell death pathways are suppressed. These findings support a unique, non-canonical role for Drosophila STING in the cellular and organismal response to mitochondria stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Moehlman
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Postdoctoral Research Associate Training Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gil Kanfer
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard J Youle
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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7
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Lu S, Xu J, Xu Y, Liu Y, Shi D, Wang J, Qiu F. Glycyrol attenuates colon injury via promotion of SQSTM1/p62 ubiquitination and autophagy by inhibiting the ubiquitin-specific protease USP8. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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8
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Wu J, Hou S, Yang L, Wang Y, Wen C, Guo Y, Luo S, Fang H, Jiao H, Xu H, Zhang S. P62/SQSTM1 upregulates NQO1 transcription via Nrf2/Keap1a signaling pathway to resist microcystins-induced oxidative stress in freshwater mussel Cristaria plicata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 255:106398. [PMID: 36669434 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the most frequent and widely distributed type of cyanotoxin in aquatic systems, and they cause an imbalance of the body's oxidative system. In a previous experiment, we demonstrated that the mollusk Cristaria plicata can protect against MC-induced oxidative damage through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-related protein-1 (Keap1) pathway. Here, we evaluated whether selective autophagy affects the Nrf2/Keap1a anti-oxidative stress pathway in C. plicata. Full-length cDNA sequences of p62/SQSTM1 from C. plicata (Cpp62) were divided into 2484 bp fragments. From N-terminal to C-terminal, the amino acid sequence of Cpp62 contained PB1 (Phox and Bem1p domain), ZNF (zinc finger domain) chain, LIR (LC3 interacting region) and UBA (ubiquitin-associated domain) domains, but not the KIR (Keap1 interacting region) domain. We confirmed that Cpp62 did not bind to CpKeap1a in vitro, and the relative level of Cpp62 was the highest in the hepatopancreas. Moreover, MCs significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of Cpp62 in the hepatopancreas after CpKeap1a knockdown, whereas Nrf2 upregulated the transcription levels of Cpp62, suggesting that MCs increased Cpp62 expression via the Nrf2/Keap1a signaling pathway. Moreover, Cpp62 and CpNrf2 proteins have a strong affinity for the NQO1 promoter, but MCs inhibited the ability of CpNrf2 and Cpp62 to upregulate luciferase activity. The results show that Nrf2 and the p62 protein induced p62 expression by binding to ARE (antioxidant response element) sequences in the p62 promoter of C. plicata, thereby promoting p62 to resist MC-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, we speculate that MCs induce p62-dependent autophagy in C. plicata, resulting in the inhibition of Nrf2 transcription and Cpp62 promoter activity. These findings help to reveal the mechanism by which the p62-Nrf2/Keap1 pathway mitigates MC-induced oxidative damage in mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielian Wu
- Science & Technology Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Shumin Hou
- Science & Technology Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Lang Yang
- Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yanrui Wang
- Science & Technology Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Chungen Wen
- Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Yuping Guo
- Science & Technology Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Science & Technology Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Haihong Fang
- Science & Technology Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - He Jiao
- Science & Technology Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Science & Technology Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Shuangping Zhang
- Science & Technology Normal University of Jiangxi, Nanchang 330013, China
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9
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Bhattacharjee A, Ürmösi A, Jipa A, Kovács L, Deák P, Szabó Á, Juhász G. Loss of ubiquitinated protein autophagy is compensated by persistent cnc/NFE2L2/Nrf2 antioxidant responses. Autophagy 2022; 18:2385-2396. [PMID: 35184662 PMCID: PMC9543161 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2037852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SQSTM1/p62-type selective macroautophagy/autophagy receptors cross-link poly-ubiquitinated cargo and autophagosomal LC3/Atg8 proteins to deliver them for lysosomal degradation. Consequently, loss of autophagy leads to accumulation of polyubiquitinated protein aggregates that are also frequently seen in various human diseases, but their physiological relevance is incompletely understood. Here, using a genetically non-redundant Drosophila model, we show that specific disruption of ubiquitinated protein autophagy and concomitant formation of polyubiquitinated aggregates has hardly any effect on bulk autophagy, proteasome activity and fly healthspan. We find that accumulation of ref(2)P/SQSTM1 due to a mutation that disrupts its binding to Atg8a results in the co-sequestering of Keap1 and thus activates the cnc/NFE2L2/Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. These mutant flies have increased tolerance to oxidative stress and reduced levels of aging-associated mitochondrial superoxide. Interestingly, ubiquitin overexpression in ref(2)P point mutants prevents the formation of large aggregates and restores the cargo recognition ability of ref(2)P, although it does not prevent the activation of antioxidant responses. Taken together, potential detrimental effects of impaired ubiquitinated protein autophagy are compensated by the aggregation-induced antioxidant response.Abbreviations: Atg8a: Autophagy-related 8a; cnc: cap-n-collar; IFM: indirect flight muscle; KEAP1: kelch like ECH associated protein 1; LIR: LC3-interacting region; NFE2L2/Nrf2: NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2; PB1: Phox and Bem1; ref(2)P: refractory to sigma P; SAR: selective autophagy receptor; UBA: ubiquitin-associated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adél Ürmösi
- Institute of Genetics; Biological Research Centre; Szeged, Hungary,Doctoral School of Biology; University of Szeged; Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Jipa
- Institute of Genetics; Biological Research Centre; Szeged, Hungary
| | - Levente Kovács
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Péter Deák
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Áron Szabó
- Institute of Genetics; Biological Research Centre; Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Institute of Genetics; Biological Research Centre; Szeged, Hungary,Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest, Hungary,CONTACT Gábor Juhász Institute of Genetics; Biological Research Centre; Szeged, Hungary
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10
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Han B, Meng Y, Tian H, Li C, Li Y, Gongbao C, Fan W, Ma R. Effects of Acute Hypoxic Stress on Physiological and Hepatic Metabolic Responses of Triploid Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Front Physiol 2022; 13:921709. [PMID: 35812328 PMCID: PMC9263268 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.921709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment simulated the hypoxic environment caused by actual production operations in fish farming (i.e., catching, gathering, transferring, and weighting) to study the effects of acute hypoxic conditions on the physiological and metabolic responses of triploid rainbow trout (O. mykiss). Two groups of fish weighting 590 g were sampled in the normoxia group (dissolved oxygen above 7 mg/L) and hypoxia group (dissolved oxygen ranged from 2 to 5 mg/L for 10 min). The results showed that 1) regarding stress response, hypoxia increased plasma levels of cortisol, heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70), lysozyme, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK); induced the expression of hepatic genes encoding nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). 2) Regarding metabolism response, hypoxia increased plasma levels of globulin (GLOB), glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); upregulated the hepatic gene expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, (PEPCK), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and acetyl-CoA oxidase (ACO); downregulated the hepatic gene expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1); and unchanged the expression of hepatic genes in glycolysis and autophagy. 3) In response to hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the hepatic HIF-2α gene was activated in the hypoxia group, but HIF-1α gene expression remained unchanged. Thus, during acute hypoxic stress, triploid rainbow trout were in a defensive state, with an enhanced immune response and altered antioxidant status. Additionally, the hepatic mitochondrial oxidation of glucose- and lipid-derived carbon in trout was suppressed, and hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipid synthesis were activated, which might be regulated by the HIF-2α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yuqiong Meng
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Haining Tian
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Changzhong Li
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yaopeng Li
- Qinghai Minze Longyangxia Ecological Aquaculture Co., Ltd., Longyangxia, China
| | - Caidan Gongbao
- Qinghai Minze Longyangxia Ecological Aquaculture Co., Ltd., Longyangxia, China
| | - Wenyan Fan
- Qinghai Minze Longyangxia Ecological Aquaculture Co., Ltd., Longyangxia, China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Ma,
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11
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Rahman A, Lőrincz P, Gohel R, Nagy A, Csordás G, Zhang Y, Juhász G, Nezis IP. GMAP is an Atg8a-interacting protein that regulates Golgi turnover in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110903. [PMID: 35649355 PMCID: PMC9637997 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective autophagy receptors and adapters contain short linear motifs called LIR motifs (LC3-interacting region), which are required for the interaction with the Atg8-family proteins. LIR motifs bind to the hydrophobic pockets of the LIR motif docking site (LDS) of the respective Atg8-family proteins. The physiological significance of LDS docking sites has not been clarified in vivo. Here, we show that Atg8a-LDS mutant Drosophila flies accumulate autophagy substrates and have reduced lifespan. Using quantitative proteomics to identify the proteins that accumulate in Atg8a-LDS mutants, we identify the cis-Golgi protein GMAP (Golgi microtubule-associated protein) as a LIR motif-containing protein that interacts with Atg8a. GMAP LIR mutant flies exhibit accumulation of Golgi markers and elongated Golgi morphology. Our data suggest that GMAP mediates the turnover of Golgi by selective autophagy to regulate its morphology and size via its LIR motif-mediated interaction with Atg8a. Atg8a-LDS mutants accumulate autophagy substrates and have reduced lifespan Quantitative proteomics identifies accumulation of GMAP in Atg8a-LDS mutants GMAP interacts with Atg8a via a LIR motif Atg8a-LDS and GMAP LIR motif mutants exhibit elongated Golgi morphology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrafur Rahman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | - Peter Lőrincz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Raksha Gohel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | - Anikó Nagy
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Csordás
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK; State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ioannis P Nezis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK.
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12
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Huang Y, Li Q, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Jiang B, Yang S, Jian J. Silencing of Nrf2 in Litopenaeus vannamei, decreased the antioxidant capacity, and increased apoptosis and autophagy. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 122:257-267. [PMID: 35149211 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a multifunctional transcription factor that plays an important role in antioxidant activities. However, its effect on antioxidant capacity in Litopenaeus vannamei, an economically important crustacean, remains unclear. In this study, the role of Nrf2 in response to oxidative stress in L. vannamei was determined by its effect on relevant gene expression and enzymatic activity. Nrf2 was cloned and analyzed. Results revealed that Nrf2 contains a 1575 bp open reading frame encoding 524 amino acids and a conserved bZIP Maf domain. The sequence similarity of Nrf2 between L. vannamei and Homarus americanus is 81%. Although the Nrf2 expression was detected in all tissues, the Nrf2 expression levels were the highest in the hepatopancreas, followed by the eyestalk and muscle. RNA interference significantly decreased the expression of antioxidant-related genes (SOD, GPX, CAT, Trx, and HO-1; p < 0.05), significantly upregulated the expression of autophagy genes (Atg3, Atg4, Atg5, Atg10, and Atg12; p < 0.05) and apoptosis genes (Caspase-3 and P53; p < 0.05). Moreover, SOD, CAT, and GPX enzyme activities decreased whereas the MDA activity increased. The histological results of the shrimp injected with dsRNA-Nrf2 showed that the hepatic tubules were irregularly arranged, the lumen was abnormal, and a few hepatic tubules were significantly enlarged compared with those of the dsRNA-EGFP group. The hepatocytes were also vacuolated. In conclusion, this study provided evidence that Nrf2 is involved in the regulation of antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiong Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yunhao Yuan
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Baijian Jiang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shiping Yang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
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13
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Li R, Xiao Y, Li K, Tian L. Transcription and Post-translational Regulation of Autophagy in Insects. Front Physiol 2022; 13:825202. [PMID: 35283796 PMCID: PMC8916536 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.825202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy attracts great attention, and numerous progresses have been obtained in the last two decades. Autophagy is implicated in mammalian neurodegenerative diseases, tumorigenesis, as well as development in insects. The regulatory mechanism of autophagy is well documented in yeast and mammals, whereas it is not fully illustrated in insects. Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori are the two well-studied insects for autophagy, and several insect-mammalian evolutionarily conserved or insect-specific mechanisms in regulating autophagy are reported. In this review, we summarize the most recent studies of autophagy regulated at both transcriptional and post-translational levels by insect hormone in cooperation with other signals, such as nutrient, which will provide a reference and deep thinking for studies on autophagy in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Sericulture and Southern Medicine Resources Utilization, The Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Tian,
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14
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Tsapras P, Petridi S, Chan S, Geborys M, Jacomin AC, Sagona AP, Meier P, Nezis IP. Selective autophagy controls innate immune response through a TAK1/TAB2/SH3PX1 axis. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110286. [PMID: 35081354 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective autophagy is a catabolic route that turns over specific cellular material for degradation by lysosomes, and whose role in the regulation of innate immunity is largely unexplored. Here, we show that the apical kinase of the Drosophila immune deficiency (IMD) pathway Tak1, as well as its co-activator Tab2, are both selective autophagy substrates that interact with the autophagy protein Atg8a. We also present a role for the Atg8a-interacting protein Sh3px1 in the downregulation of the IMD pathway, by facilitating targeting of the Tak1/Tab2 complex to the autophagy platform through its interaction with Tab2. Our findings show the Tak1/Tab2/Sh3px1 interactions with Atg8a mediate the removal of the Tak1/Tab2 signaling complex by selective autophagy. This in turn prevents constitutive activation of the IMD pathway in Drosophila. This study provides mechanistic insight on the regulation of innate immune responses by selective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stavroula Petridi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | - Selina Chan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | - Marta Geborys
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | | | - Antonia P Sagona
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ioannis P Nezis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK.
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15
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Fan X, Huang T, Tong Y, Fan Z, Yang Z, Yang D, Mao X, Yang M. p62 works as a hub modulation in the ageing process. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101538. [PMID: 34890823 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
p62 (also known as SQSTM1) is widely used as a predictor of autophagic flux, a process that allows the degradation of harmful and unnecessary components through lysosomes to maintain protein homeostasis in cells. p62 is also a stress-induced scaffold protein that resists oxidative stress. The multiple domains in its structure allow it to be connected with a variety of vital signalling pathways, autophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), allowing p62 to play important roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis and survival. Recent studies have shown that p62 is also directly or indirectly involved in the ageing process. In this review, we summarize in detail the process by which p62 regulates ageing from multiple ageing-related signs with the aim of providing new insight for the study of p62 in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tiantian Huang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Yingdong Tong
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Ziqiang Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Ziyue Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Deying Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xueping Mao
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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16
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Coombs GS, Rios-Monterrosa JL, Lai S, Dai Q, Goll AC, Ketterer MR, Valdes MF, Uche N, Benjamin IJ, Wallrath LL. Modulation of muscle redox and protein aggregation rescues lethality caused by mutant lamins. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102196. [PMID: 34872044 PMCID: PMC8646998 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human LMNA gene cause a collection of diseases called laminopathies, which includes muscular dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy. The LMNA gene encodes lamins, filamentous proteins that form a meshwork on the inner side of the nuclear envelope. How mutant lamins cause muscle disease is not well understood, and treatment options are currently limited. To understand the pathological functions of mutant lamins so that therapies can be developed, we generated new Drosophila models and human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes. In the Drosophila models, muscle-specific expression of the mutant lamins caused nuclear envelope defects, cytoplasmic protein aggregation, activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 redox pathway, and reductive stress. These defects reduced larval motility and caused death at the pupal stage. Patient-derived cardiomyocytes expressing mutant lamins showed nuclear envelope deformations. The Drosophila models allowed for genetic and pharmacological manipulations at the organismal level. Genetic interventions to increase autophagy, decrease Nrf2/Keap1 signaling, or lower reducing equivalents partially suppressed the lethality caused by mutant lamins. Moreover, treatment of flies with pamoic acid, a compound that inhibits the NADPH-producing malic enzyme, partially suppressed lethality. Taken together, these studies have identified multiple new factors as potential therapeutic targets for LMNA-associated muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Coombs
- Biology Department, Waldorf University, Forest City, IA, USA
| | | | - Shuping Lai
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Qiang Dai
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ashley C Goll
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Margaret R Ketterer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Maria F Valdes
- Biology Department, Waldorf University, Forest City, IA, USA
| | - Nnamdi Uche
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WO, USA
| | - Ivor J Benjamin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Lori L Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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17
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Tang J, Li Y, Xia S, Li J, Yang Q, Ding K, Zhang H. Sequestosome 1/p62: A multitasker in the regulation of malignant tumor aggression (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:77. [PMID: 34414460 PMCID: PMC8425587 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)/p62 is an adapter protein mainly involved in the transportation, degradation and destruction of various proteins that cooperates with components of autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway. Numerous studies have shown that SQSTM1/p62 functions at multiple levels, including involvement in genetic stability or modification, post-transcriptional regulation and protein function. As a result, SQSTM1/p62 is a versatile protein that is a critical core regulator of tumor cell genetic stability, autophagy, apoptosis and other forms of cell death, malignant growth, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis and chemoradiotherapeutic response, and an indicator of patient prognosis. SQSTM1/p62 regulates these processes via its distinct molecular structure, through which it participates in a variety of activating or inactivating tumor-related and tumor microenvironment-related signaling pathways, particularly positive feedback loops and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related pathways. Therefore, functioning as a proto-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in various types of cancer and tumor-associated microenvironments, SQSTM1/p62 is capable of promoting or retarding malignant tumor aggression, giving rise to immeasurable effects on tumor occurrence and development, and on patient treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Tang
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Shuli Xia
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jinfan Li
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China,Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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18
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Cui G, Li Z, Cao F, Li P, Jin M, Hou S, Yang X, Mu Y, Peng C, Shao H, Du Z. Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway attenuates ROS-mediated autophagy induced by silica nanoparticles in H9c2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1389-1401. [PMID: 33764603 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) as one of the most productive nano-powder, has been extensively applied in various fields. There has been increasing concern about the adverse effects of SiNPs on the health of ecological organisms and human. The potential cardiovascular toxicity of SiNPs and involved mechanisms remain elusive. Hence, in this study, we investigated the cardiovascular toxicity of SiNPs (60 nm) and explored the underlying mechanisms using H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Results showed that SiNPs induced oxidative stress and activated the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway. Autophagy was also activated by SiNPs. Interestingly, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC)attenuated autophagy after inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, down-regulation of Nrf2 enhanced autophagy. In summary, these data indicated that SiNPs induce autophagy in H9c2 cardiomyocytes through oxidative stress, and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway has a negative regulatory effect on autophagy. This study provides new evidence for the cardiovascular toxicity of SiNPs and provides a reference for the safe use of nanomaterials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Feifei Cao
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Minghua Jin
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shanshan Hou
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- School of Public Health Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yingwen Mu
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hua Shao
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Zhongjun Du
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
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19
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Jacomin AC, Petridi S, Di Monaco M, Bhujabal Z, Jain A, Mulakkal NC, Palara A, Powell EL, Chung B, Zampronio C, Jones A, Cameron A, Johansen T, Nezis IP. Regulation of Expression of Autophagy Genes by Atg8a-Interacting Partners Sequoia, YL-1, and Sir2 in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107695. [PMID: 32460019 PMCID: PMC7262597 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the degradation of cytoplasmic material through the lysosomal pathway. One of the most studied autophagy-related proteins is LC3. Despite growing evidence that LC3 is enriched in the nucleus, its nuclear role is poorly understood. Here, we show that Drosophila Atg8a protein, homologous to mammalian LC3, interacts with the transcription factor Sequoia in a LIR motif-dependent manner. We show that Sequoia depletion induces autophagy in nutrient-rich conditions through the enhanced expression of autophagy genes. We show that Atg8a interacts with YL-1, a component of a nuclear acetyltransferase complex, and that it is acetylated in nutrient-rich conditions. We also show that Atg8a interacts with the deacetylase Sir2, which deacetylates Atg8a during starvation to activate autophagy. Our results suggest a mechanism of regulation of the expression of autophagy genes by Atg8a, which is linked to its acetylation status and its interaction with Sequoia, YL-1, and Sir2. Transcription factor Sequoia is a negative regulator of autophagy Sequoia interacts with Atg8a via a LIR motif Atg8a interacts with YL-1, a subunit of a nuclear acetyltransferase complex Sir2 interacts with and deacetylates Atg8a during starvation
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stavroula Petridi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | - Marisa Di Monaco
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | - Zambarlal Bhujabal
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ashish Jain
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nitha C Mulakkal
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | - Anthimi Palara
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK; Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Emma L Powell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | - Bonita Chung
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | | | - Alexandra Jones
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | - Alexander Cameron
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | - Terje Johansen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ioannis P Nezis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK.
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20
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Su H, Yang F, Fu R, Li X, French R, Mose E, Pu X, Trinh B, Kumar A, Liu J, Antonucci L, Todoric J, Liu Y, Hu Y, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J, Metallo CM, Lowy AM, Sun B, Karin M. Cancer cells escape autophagy inhibition via NRF2-induced macropinocytosis. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:678-693.e11. [PMID: 33740421 PMCID: PMC8119368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), depend on autophagy-mediated scavenging and recycling of intracellular macromolecules, suggesting that autophagy blockade should cause tumor starvation and regression. However, until now autophagy-inhibiting monotherapies have not demonstrated potent anti-cancer activity. We now show that autophagy blockade prompts established PDAC to upregulate and utilize an alternative nutrient procurement pathway: macropinocytosis (MP) that allows tumor cells to extract nutrients from extracellular sources and use them for energy generation. The autophagy to MP switch, which may be evolutionarily conserved and not cancer cell restricted, depends on activation of transcription factor NRF2 by the autophagy adaptor p62/SQSTM1. NRF2 activation by oncogenic mutations, hypoxia, and oxidative stress also results in MP upregulation. Inhibition of MP in autophagy-compromised PDAC elicits dramatic metabolic decline and regression of transplanted and autochthonous tumors, suggesting the therapeutic promise of combining autophagy and MP inhibitors in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Su
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Xin Li
- Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Randall French
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Evangeline Mose
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiaohong Pu
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Brittney Trinh
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Avi Kumar
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Junlai Liu
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Laura Antonucci
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jelena Todoric
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Yuan Liu
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yinling Hu
- Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew M Lowy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China.
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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21
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Baumgartner ME, Dinan MP, Langton PF, Kucinski I, Piddini E. Proteotoxic stress is a driver of the loser status and cell competition. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:136-146. [PMID: 33495633 PMCID: PMC7116823 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-00627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell competition allows winner cells to eliminate less fit loser cells in tissues. In Minute cell competition, cells with a heterozygous mutation in ribosome genes, such as RpS3+/- cells, are eliminated by wild-type cells. How cells are primed as losers is partially understood and it has been proposed that reduced translation underpins the loser status of ribosome mutant, or Minute, cells. Here, using Drosophila, we show that reduced translation does not cause cell competition. Instead, we identify proteotoxic stress as the underlying cause of the loser status for Minute competition and competition induced by mahjong, an unrelated loser gene. RpS3+/- cells exhibit reduced autophagic and proteasomal flux, accumulate protein aggregates and can be rescued from competition by improving their proteostasis. Conversely, inducing proteotoxic stress is sufficient to turn otherwise wild-type cells into losers. Thus, we propose that tissues may preserve their health through a proteostasis-based mechanism of cell competition and cell selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael P Dinan
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Zoology Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul F Langton
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Iwo Kucinski
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Zoology Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eugenia Piddini
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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22
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Bu H, Tan S, Yuan B, Huang X, Jiang J, Wu Y, Jiang J, Li R. Therapeutic potential of IBP as an autophagy inducer for treating lung cancer via blocking PAK1/Akt/mTOR signaling. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 20:82-93. [PMID: 33575473 PMCID: PMC7851497 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most frequent and fatal malignancy in humans worldwide, yet novel successful drugs for control of this disease are still lacking. Ipomoea batatas polysaccharides (IBPs) have been implicated in inhibiting diverse cancer types, but their functions in mitigating lung cancer are largely unknown. In this study, we identify a role of IBP in inhibiting lung cancer proliferation. We found that IBP significantly impedes the proliferation of lung cancer cells by inducing cytostatic macroautophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, IBP specifically promotes ubiquitination-mediated degradation of PAK1 (p21-activated kinase 1) and blocks its downstream Akt1/mTOR signaling pathway, leading to increased autophagic flux. In lung cancer xenografts in mice, IBP-induced cytostatic autophagy suppresses tumor development. Through site-directed mutational analysis, the underlying signaling augments ubiquitination via PAK1-ubiquitin interaction. Collectively, this work unravels the molecular mechanism underpinning IBP-induced cytostatic autophagy in lung cancer and characterizes IBP as a potential therapeutic agent for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Bu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China.,Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Shirui Tan
- Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Jiebang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Yejiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Jihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Rongpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
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23
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Xu T, Nicolson S, Sandow JJ, Dayan S, Jiang X, Manning JA, Webb AI, Kumar S, Denton D. Cp1/cathepsin L is required for autolysosomal clearance in Drosophila. Autophagy 2020; 17:2734-2749. [PMID: 33112206 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1838105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a highly conserved lysosomal degradative pathway important for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Much of our current knowledge of autophagy is focused on the initiation steps in this process. Recently, an understanding of later steps, particularly lysosomal fusion leading to autolysosome formation and the subsequent role of lysosomal enzymes in degradation and recycling, is becoming evident. Autophagy can function in both cell survival and cell death, however, the mechanisms that distinguish adaptive/survival autophagy from autophagy-dependent cell death remain to be established. Here, using proteomic analysis of Drosophila larval midguts during degradation, we identify a group of proteins with peptidase activity, suggesting a role in autophagy-dependent cell death. We show that Cp1/cathepsin L-deficient larval midgut cells accumulate aberrant autophagic vesicles due to a block in autophagic flux, yet later stages of midgut degradation are not compromised. The accumulation of large aberrant autolysosomes in the absence of Cp1 appears to be the consequence of decreased degradative capacity as they contain undigested cytoplasmic material, rather than a defect in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Finally, we find that other cathepsins may also contribute to proper autolysosomal degradation in Drosophila larval midgut cells. Our findings provide evidence that cathepsins play an essential role in the autolysosome to maintain basal autophagy flux by balancing autophagosome production and turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Xu
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shannon Nicolson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jarrod J Sandow
- Advanced Technology and Biology, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sonia Dayan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Xin Jiang
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jantina A Manning
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew I Webb
- Advanced Technology and Biology, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Donna Denton
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
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24
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Yang X, Zhang R, Nakahira K, Gu Z. Mitochondrial DNA Mutation, Diseases, and Nutrient-Regulated Mitophagy. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 39:201-226. [PMID: 31433742 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A wide spectrum of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders, have been shown to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction through multiple molecular mechanisms. Mitochondria are particularly susceptible to nutrient deficiencies, and nutritional intervention is an essential way to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Recent advances in genetic manipulation and next-generation sequencing reveal the crucial roles of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in various pathophysiological conditions. Mitophagy, a term coined to describe autophagy that targets dysfunctional mitochondria, has emerged as an important cellular process to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and has been shown to be regulated by various nutrients and nutritional stresses. Given the high prevalence of mtDNA mutations in humans and their impact on mitochondrial function, it is important to investigate the mechanisms that regulate mtDNA mutation. Here, we discuss mitochondrial genetics and mtDNA mutations and their implications for human diseases. We also examine the role of mitophagy as a therapeutic target, highlighting how nutrients may eliminate mtDNA mutations through mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; , ,
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; , ,
| | - Kiichi Nakahira
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; , ,
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25
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Bento-Pereira C, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Activation of transcription factor Nrf2 to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:785-802. [PMID: 32681666 DOI: 10.1002/med.21714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, for which no disease-modifying therapies are available to date. Although understanding of the precise aetiology of PD is incomplete, it is clear that age, genetic predisposition and environmental stressors increase the risk. At the cellular level, oxidative stress, chronic neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant protein aggregation have been implicated as contributing factors. These detrimental processes are counteracted by elaborate networks of cellular defence mechanisms, one of which is orchestrated by transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2; gene name NFE2L2). A wealth of preclinical evidence suggests that Nrf2 activation is beneficial in cellular and animal models of PD. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in PD, the role of Nrf2 in mitochondrial function and explore the potential of Nrf2 as a therapeutic target for mitochondrial dysfunction in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bento-Pereira
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.,Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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26
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Bayliak MM, Demianchuk OI, Gospodaryov DV, Abrat OB, Lylyk MP, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Mutations in genes cnc or dKeap1 modulate stress resistance and metabolic processes in Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 248:110746. [PMID: 32579905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 and its negative regulator Keap1 play important roles in the maintenance of redox homeostasis in animal cells. Nrf2 activates defenses against oxidative stress and xenobiotics. Homologs of Nrf2 and Keap1 are present in Drosophila melanogaster (CncC and dKeap1, respectively). The aim of this study was to explore effects of CncC deficiency (due to mutation in the cnc gene) or enhanced activity (due to mutation in the dKeap1 gene) on redox status and energy metabolism of young adult flies in relation to behavioral traits and resistance to a number of stressors. Deficiency in either CncC or dKeap1 delayed pupation and increased climbing activity and heat stress resistance in 2-day-old adult flies. Males and females of the ∆keap1 line shared some similarities such as elevated antioxidant defense as well as lower triacylglyceride and higher glucose levels. Males of the ∆keap1 line also had a higher activity of hexokinase, whereas ∆keap1 females showed higher glycogen levels and lower values of respiratory control and ATP production than flies of the control line. Mutation of cnc gene in allele cncEY08884 caused by insertion of P{EPgy2} transposon in cnc promotor did not affect significantly the levels of metabolites and redox parameters, and even activated some components of antioxidant defense. These data suggest that the mutation can be hypomorphic as well as CncC protein can be dispensable for adult fruit flies under physiological conditions. In females, CncC mutation led to lower mitochondrial respiration, higher hexokinase activity and higher fecundity as compared with the control line. Either CncC activation or its deficiency affected stress resistance of flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Oleh I Demianchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro V Gospodaryov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Oleksandra B Abrat
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Maria P Lylyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
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27
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Wu Y, Jin Y, Sun T, Zhu P, Li J, Zhang Q, Wang X, Jiang J, Chen G, Zhao X. p62/SQSTM1 accumulation due to degradation inhibition and transcriptional activation plays a critical role in silica nanoparticle-induced airway inflammation via NF-κB activation. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:77. [PMID: 32429946 PMCID: PMC7236097 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most nanoparticles (NPs) reportedly block autophagic flux, thereby upregulating p62/SQSTM1 through degradation inhibition. p62 also acts as a multifunctional scaffold protein with multiple domains, and is involved in various cellular processes. However, the autophagy substrate-independent role of p62 and its regulation at the transcriptional level upon NPs exposure remain unclear. RESULTS In this work, we exposed BEAS-2b cells and mice to silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), and found that SiNPs increased p62 protein levels in vivo and vitro. Then, we further explored the role and mechanism of SiNPs-stimulated p62 in vitro, and found that p62 degradation was inhibited due to autophagic flux blockade. Mechanistically, SiNPs blocked autophagic flux through impairment of lysosomal capacity rather than defective autophagosome fusion with lysosomes. Moreover, SiNPs stimulated translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to the nucleus from the cytoplasm, which upregulated p62 transcriptional activation through direct binding of Nrf2 to the p62 promoter. Nrf2 siRNA dramatically reduced both the mRNA and protein levels of p62. These two mechanisms led to p62 protein accumulation, thus increasing interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 expression. SiNPs activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and this effect could be alleviated by p62 knockdown. CONCLUSION SiNPs caused accumulation of p62 through both pre- and post-translational mechanisms, resulting in airway inflammation. These findings improve our understanding of SiNP-induced pulmonary damage and the molecular targets available to mitigate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nangtong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nangtong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nangtong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Piaoyu Zhu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nangtong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Affiliated to Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nangtong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Junkang Jiang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nangtong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nangtong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nangtong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
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28
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Abokyi S, To CH, Lam TT, Tse DY. Central Role of Oxidative Stress in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Evidence from a Review of the Molecular Mechanisms and Animal Models. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7901270. [PMID: 32104539 PMCID: PMC7035553 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7901270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of visual impairment in the elderly. There are very limited therapeutic options for AMD with the predominant therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the retina of patients afflicted with wet AMD. Hence, it is important to remind readers, especially those interested in AMD, about current studies that may help to develop novel therapies for other stages of AMD. This study, therefore, provides a comprehensive review of studies on human specimens as well as rodent models of the disease, to identify and analyze the molecular mechanisms behind AMD development and progression. The evaluation of this information highlights the central role that oxidative damage in the retina plays in contributing to major pathways, including inflammation and angiogenesis, found in the AMD phenotype. Following on the debate of oxidative stress as the earliest injury in the AMD pathogenesis, we demonstrated how the targeting of oxidative stress-associated pathways, such as autophagy and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling, might be the futuristic direction to explore in the search of an effective treatment for AMD, as the dysregulation of these mechanisms is crucial to oxidative injury in the retina. In addition, animal models of AMD have been discussed in great detail, with their strengths and pitfalls included, to assist inform in the selection of suitable models for investigating any of the molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Abokyi
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
- Department of Optometry, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Chi-Ho To
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Tim T. Lam
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Dennis Y. Tse
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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29
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Molecular mechanisms of selective autophagy in Drosophila. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 354:63-105. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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30
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Jacomin AC, Nezis IP. Selective autophagic degradation of the IKK complex in Drosophila is mediated by Kenny/IKKγ to control inflammation. Mol Cell Oncol 2019; 7:1682309. [PMID: 31993495 PMCID: PMC6961681 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2019.1682309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Implication of autophagy in the downregulation of immune signaling pathways through the degradation of their components constitutes an emerging field of investigation. Our work showed that the selective interaction of Drosophila protein Kenny/IKKγ (CG16910) with the autophagic machinery is required for the degradation of the I-kappa B kinase complex. This regulatory mechanism is essential for the downregulation of the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway in response to commensal microbiota to prevent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis P Nezis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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31
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Conway O, Akpinar HA, Rogov VV, Kirkin V. Selective Autophagy Receptors in Neuronal Health and Disease. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:2483-2509. [PMID: 31654670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are electrically excitable, postmitotic cells that perform sensory, relaying, and motor functions. Because of their unique morphological and functional specialization, cells of this type are sensitive to the stress caused by accumulation of misfolded proteins or damaged organelles. Autophagy is the fundamental mechanism that ensures sequestration of cytosolic material and its subsequent degradation in lysosomes of eukaryotic cells, thereby providing cell-autonomous nutrients and removing harmful cargos. Strikingly, mice and flies lacking functional autophagy develop early onset progressive neurodegeneration. Like in human neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs)-Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-characteristic protein aggregates observed in autophagy-deficient neurons in the animal models are indicators of the ongoing neuronal pathology. A number of selective autophagy receptors (SARs) have been characterized that interact both with the cargo and components of the autophagic machinery, thus providing the molecular basis for selective degradation of sizable cytosolic components. Interference with autophagy in experimental models, but also during the pathological vagaries in neurons, will thus have far-reaching consequences for a range of selective autophagy pathways critical for the normal functioning of the nervous system. Here, we review the key principles behind the selective autophagy and discuss how the SARs may be involved in the pathogenesis of NDDs. Using recently published examples, we also examine the emerging role of less well studied selective autophagy pathways in neuronal health and disease. We conclude by discussing targeting selective autophagy as an emerging therapeutic modality in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Conway
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Hafize Aysin Akpinar
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Vladimir V Rogov
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Vladimir Kirkin
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
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32
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Bonezzi F, Piccoli M, Dei Cas M, Paroni R, Mingione A, Monasky MM, Caretti A, Riganti C, Ghidoni R, Pappone C, Anastasia L, Signorelli P. Sphingolipid Synthesis Inhibition by Myriocin Administration Enhances Lipid Consumption and Ameliorates Lipid Response to Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front Physiol 2019; 10:986. [PMID: 31447688 PMCID: PMC6696899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarct requires prompt thrombolytic therapy or primary percutaneous coronary intervention to limit the extent of necrosis, but reperfusion creates additional damage. Along with reperfusion, a maladaptive remodeling phase might occur and it is often associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, as well as a reduced ability to recover metabolism homeostasis. Infarcted individuals can exhibit reduced lipid turnover and their accumulation in cardiomyocytes, which is linked to a deregulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), controlling fatty acids metabolism, energy production, and the anti-inflammatory response. We previously demonstrated that Myriocin can be effectively used as post-conditioning therapeutic to limit ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and infarct size, in a murine model. In this follow-up study, we demonstrate that Myriocin has a critical regulatory role in cardiac remodeling and energy production, by up-regulating the transcriptional factor EB, PPARs nuclear receptors and genes involved in fatty acids metabolism, such as VLDL receptor, Fatp1, CD36, Fabp3, Cpts, and mitochondrial FA dehydrogenases. The overall effects are represented by an increased β–oxidation, together with an improved electron transport chain and energy production. The potent immunomodulatory and metabolism regulatory effects of Myriocin elicit the molecule as a promising pharmacological tool for post-conditioning therapy of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Bonezzi
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Piccoli
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mingione
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Caretti
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Cell Biochemistry Laboratory, Oncology Department, and Interdepartmental Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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33
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Bhattacharjee A, Szabó Á, Csizmadia T, Laczkó-Dobos H, Juhász G. Understanding the importance of autophagy in human diseases using Drosophila. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:157-169. [PMID: 31080044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation pathway that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases, either positively or negatively impacting disease outcomes depending on the specific context. The majority of medical conditions including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infections and immune system disorders and inflammatory bowel disease could probably benefit from therapeutic modulation of the autophagy machinery. Drosophila represents an excellent model animal to study disease mechanisms thanks to its sophisticated genetic toolkit, and the conservation of human disease genes and autophagic processes. Here, we provide an overview of the various autophagy pathways observed both in flies and human cells (macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy), and discuss Drosophila models of the above-mentioned diseases where fly research has already helped to understand how defects in autophagy genes and pathways contribute to the relevant pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Bhattacharjee
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári Krt. 62., Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Áron Szabó
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári Krt. 62., Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csizmadia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Sétány 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Laczkó-Dobos
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári Krt. 62., Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári Krt. 62., Szeged, H-6726, Hungary; Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Sétány 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
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34
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Rodriguez-Fernandez IA, Qi Y, Jasper H. Loss of a proteostatic checkpoint in intestinal stem cells contributes to age-related epithelial dysfunction. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1050. [PMID: 30837466 PMCID: PMC6401111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A decline in protein homeostasis (proteostasis) has been proposed as a hallmark of aging. Somatic stem cells (SCs) uniquely maintain their proteostatic capacity through mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Here, we describe and characterize a ‘proteostatic checkpoint’ in Drosophila intestinal SCs (ISCs). Following a breakdown of proteostasis, ISCs coordinate cell cycle arrest with protein aggregate clearance by Atg8-mediated activation of the Nrf2-like transcription factor cap-n-collar C (CncC). CncC induces the cell cycle inhibitor Dacapo and proteolytic genes. The capacity to engage this checkpoint is lost in ISCs from aging flies, and we show that it can be restored by treating flies with an Nrf2 activator, or by over-expression of CncC or Atg8a. This limits age-related intestinal barrier dysfunction and can result in lifespan extension. Our findings identify a new mechanism by which somatic SCs preserve proteostasis, and highlight potential intervention strategies to maintain regenerative homeostasis. Protein homeostasis maintenance (proteostasis) is critical for cell function, but declines during aging. Here the authors detail a proteostatic checkpoint in Drosophila intestinal stem cells coordinating cell cycle arrest with protein aggregate clearance, along with its role in aging related intestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imilce A Rodriguez-Fernandez
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945-1400, USA.,Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Yanyan Qi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945-1400, USA
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945-1400, USA. .,Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA. .,Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, 07745, Germany.
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35
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Khezri R, Rusten TE. Autophagy and Tumorigenesis in Drosophila. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1167:113-127. [PMID: 31520352 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23629-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The resurgence of Drosophila as a recognized model for carcinogenesis has contributed greatly to our conceptual advance and mechanistic understanding of tumor growth in vivo. With its powerful genetics, Drosophila has emerged as a prime model organism to study cell biology and physiological functions of autophagy. This has enabled exploration of the contributions of autophagy in several tumor models. Here we review the literature of autophagy related to tumorigenesis in Drosophila. Functional analysis of core autophagy components does not provide proof for a classical tumor suppression role for autophagy alone. Autophagy both serve to suppress or support tumor growth. These effects are context-specific, depending on cell type and oncogenic or tumor suppressive lesion. Future delineation of how autophagy impinges on tumorigenesis will demand to untangle in detail, the regulation and flux of autophagy in the respective tumor models. The downstream tumor-regulative roles of autophagy through organelle homeostasis, metabolism, selective autophagy or alternative mechanisms remain largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojyar Khezri
- Center for Cancer Cell Reprogramming (CanCell), Institute for Clinical Medicine, The Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Erik Rusten
- Center for Cancer Cell Reprogramming (CanCell), Institute for Clinical Medicine, The Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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36
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Robin M, Issa AR, Santos CC, Napoletano F, Petitgas C, Chatelain G, Ruby M, Walter L, Birman S, Domingos PM, Calvi BR, Mollereau B. Drosophila p53 integrates the antagonism between autophagy and apoptosis in response to stress. Autophagy 2018; 15:771-784. [PMID: 30563404 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1558001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor TP53/p53 is a known regulator of apoptosis and macroautophagy/autophagy. However, the molecular mechanism by which TP53 regulates 2 apparently incompatible processes remains unknown. We found that Drosophila lacking p53 displayed impaired autophagic flux, higher caspase activation and mortality in response to oxidative stress compared with wild-type flies. Moreover, autophagy and apoptosis were differentially regulated by the p53 (p53B) and ΔNp53 (p53A) isoforms: while the former induced autophagy in differentiated neurons, which protected against cell death, the latter inhibited autophagy by activating the caspases Dronc, Drice, and Dcp-1. Our results demonstrate that the differential use of p53 isoforms combined with the antagonism between apoptosis and autophagy ensures the generation of an appropriate p53 biological response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Robin
- a Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, LBMC, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland , Lyon , France
| | - Abdul Raouf Issa
- b Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathology , Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University , Paris , France.,e Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste c/o CIB National Laboratory , Area Science Park , Trieste , Italy
| | - Cristiana C Santos
- c Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Oeiras , Portugal
| | - Francesco Napoletano
- a Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, LBMC, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland , Lyon , France.,e Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste c/o CIB National Laboratory , Area Science Park , Trieste , Italy
| | - Céline Petitgas
- b Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathology , Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University , Paris , France
| | - Gilles Chatelain
- a Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, LBMC, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland , Lyon , France
| | - Mathilde Ruby
- a Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, LBMC, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland , Lyon , France
| | - Ludivine Walter
- a Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, LBMC, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland , Lyon , France
| | - Serge Birman
- b Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathology , Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University , Paris , France
| | - Pedro M Domingos
- c Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Oeiras , Portugal
| | - Brian R Calvi
- d Department of Biology , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN , USA
| | - Bertrand Mollereau
- a Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, LBMC, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland , Lyon , France
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37
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Comprehensive anti-tumor effect of Brusatol through inhibition of cell viability and promotion of apoptosis caused by autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:962-973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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38
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Monnier V, Llorens JV, Navarro JA. Impact of Drosophila Models in the Study and Treatment of Friedreich's Ataxia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1989. [PMID: 29986523 PMCID: PMC6073496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has been for over a century the model of choice of several neurobiologists to decipher the formation and development of the nervous system as well as to mirror the pathophysiological conditions of many human neurodegenerative diseases. The rare disease Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is not an exception. Since the isolation of the responsible gene more than two decades ago, the analysis of the fly orthologue has proven to be an excellent avenue to understand the development and progression of the disease, to unravel pivotal mechanisms underpinning the pathology and to identify genes and molecules that might well be either disease biomarkers or promising targets for therapeutic interventions. In this review, we aim to summarize the collection of findings provided by the Drosophila models but also to go one step beyond and propose the implications of these discoveries for the study and cure of this disorder. We will present the physiological, cellular and molecular phenotypes described in the fly, highlighting those that have given insight into the pathology and we will show how the ability of Drosophila to perform genetic and pharmacological screens has provided valuable information that is not easily within reach of other cellular or mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Monnier
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, UMR8251 CNRS, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Jose Vicente Llorens
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Campus of Burjassot, 96100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Navarro
- Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsbiologie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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39
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Abstract
Accumulation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates is a hallmark of most aging-related neurodegenerative disorders. Autophagy has been found to be involved in the selective clearance of these protein aggregates, and this process is called aggrephagy. Here we provide two protocols for the investigation of protein aggregation and their removal by autophagy using western blotting and immunofluorescence techniques in Drosophila brain. Investigating the role of aggrephagy at the cellular and organismal level is important for the development of therapeutic interventions against aging-related diseases.
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40
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Ko JH, Yoon SO, Lee HJ, Oh JY. Rapamycin regulates macrophage activation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-p38 MAPK-NFκB pathways in autophagy- and p62-dependent manners. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40817-40831. [PMID: 28489580 PMCID: PMC5522223 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive and prolonged activation of macrophages underlies many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. To regulate activation and maintain homeostasis, macrophages have multiple intrinsic mechanisms, one of which is modulation through autophagy. Here we demonstrate that autophagy induction by rapamycin suppressed the production of IL-1β and IL-18 in lipopolysaccharide- and adenosine triphosphate-activated macrophages at the post-transcriptional level by eliminating mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and pro-IL1β in a p62/SQSTM1-dependent manner. In addition, rapamycin activated Nrf2 through up-regulation of p62/SQSTM1, which further contributed to the reduction of mtROS. Reduced IL-1β subsequently diminished the activation of p38 MAPK-NFκB pathways, leading to transcriptional down-regulation of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and IκBα in rapamycin-treated macrophages. Therefore, our results suggest that rapamycin negatively regulates macrophage activation by restricting a feedback loop of NLRP3 inflammasome-p38 MAPK-NFκB pathways in autophagy- and p62/SQSTM1-dependent manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwa Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, 03080, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 03080, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Ok Yoon
- R and D Laboratory, Eutilex Co., Ltd, 08594, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, 03080, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 03080, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Youn Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, 03080, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 03080, Seoul, Korea
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41
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Negative Regulation of the Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway by a p62/Sqstm1 Splicing Variant. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00642-17. [PMID: 29339380 PMCID: PMC5854834 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00642-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A key antioxidant pathway, the Keap1-Nrf2 system, is regulated by p62/Sqstm1 via multiple mechanisms, including gene expression, posttranslational modifications (such as ubiquitination and phosphorylation), and autophagic degradation of p62/Sqstm1 and Keap1. Here we demonstrate a novel mode of regulation of the Keap1-Nrf2 system, mediated by a splicing variant of p62/Sqstm1 pre-mRNA. Ensembl database searches and subsequent biochemical analyses of mice revealed the presence of an mRNA that encodes a p62/Sqstm1 protein lacking the Keap1-interacting region (KIR), which is essential for the interaction with Keap1. Like full-length p62, the variant was induced under conditions in which Nrf2 was activated (e.g., impairment of autophagy), formed oligomers with itself and/or the full-length protein, and was degraded by autophagy. However, the variant failed to interact with Keap1 and sequester it in variant-positive aggregates. Remarkably, while full-length p62 stabilized Nrf2 and induced the gene expression of Nrf2 targets, the variant increased the amount of Keap1 and enhanced ubiquitination of Nrf2, thereby suppressing the induction of Nrf2 targets. Hepatocytes isolated from genetically modified mice that express full-length p62, but not the variant, were susceptible to activation of Nrf2 in response to stress. Collectively, our results suggest that splicing of p62/Sqstm1 pre-mRNA negatively regulates the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway.
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42
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Tusco R, Jacomin AC, Jain A, Penman BS, Larsen KB, Johansen T, Nezis IP. Kenny mediates selective autophagic degradation of the IKK complex to control innate immune responses. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 29097655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective autophagy is a catabolic process with which cellular material is specifically targeted for degradation by lysosomes. The function of selective autophagic degradation of self-components in the regulation of innate immunity is still unclear. Here we show that Drosophila Kenny, the homolog of mammalian IKKγ, is a selective autophagy receptor that mediates the degradation of the IκB kinase complex. Selective autophagic degradation of the IκB kinase complex prevents constitutive activation of the immune deficiency pathway in response to commensal microbiota. We show that autophagy-deficient flies have a systemic innate immune response that promotes a hyperplasia phenotype in the midgut. Remarkably, human IKKγ does not interact with mammalian Atg8-family proteins. Using a mathematical model, we suggest mechanisms by which pathogen selection might have driven the loss of LIR motif functionality during evolution. Our results suggest that there may have been an autophagy-related switch during the evolution of the IKKγ proteins in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Tusco
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Ashish Jain
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0379, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bridget S Penman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | - Kenneth Bowitz Larsen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Johansen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ioannis P Nezis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
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43
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Tusco R, Jacomin AC, Jain A, Penman BS, Larsen KB, Johansen T, Nezis IP. Kenny mediates selective autophagic degradation of the IKK complex to control innate immune responses. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1264. [PMID: 29097655 PMCID: PMC5668318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective autophagy is a catabolic process with which cellular material is specifically targeted for degradation by lysosomes. The function of selective autophagic degradation of self-components in the regulation of innate immunity is still unclear. Here we show that Drosophila Kenny, the homolog of mammalian IKKγ, is a selective autophagy receptor that mediates the degradation of the IκB kinase complex. Selective autophagic degradation of the IκB kinase complex prevents constitutive activation of the immune deficiency pathway in response to commensal microbiota. We show that autophagy-deficient flies have a systemic innate immune response that promotes a hyperplasia phenotype in the midgut. Remarkably, human IKKγ does not interact with mammalian Atg8-family proteins. Using a mathematical model, we suggest mechanisms by which pathogen selection might have driven the loss of LIR motif functionality during evolution. Our results suggest that there may have been an autophagy-related switch during the evolution of the IKKγ proteins in metazoans. Selective autophagy describes the selective degradation of cellular components upon stress or nutrient deficiency, but whether it modulates innate immunity is unclear. Here the authors show that Drosophila Kenny may be an evolution-selected autophagy receptor for the down-regulation of innate NF-κB activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Tusco
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Ashish Jain
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0379, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bridget S Penman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | - Kenneth Bowitz Larsen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Johansen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ioannis P Nezis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
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44
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Ji MM, Lee JM, Mon H, Iiyama K, Tatsuke T, Morokuma D, Hino M, Yamashita M, Hirata K, Kusakabe T. Lipidation of BmAtg8 is required for autophagic degradation of p62 bodies containing ubiquitinated proteins in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:86-96. [PMID: 28867468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
p62/Sequestosome-1 (p62/SQSTM1, hereafter referred to as p62) is a major adaptor that allows ubiquitinated proteins to be degraded by autophagy, and Atg8 homologs are required for p62-mediated autophagic degradation, but their relationship is still not understood in Lepidopteran insects. Here it is clearly demonstrated that the silkworm homolog of mammalian p62, Bombyx mori p62 (Bmp62), forms p62 bodies depending on its Phox and Bem1p (PB1) and ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domains. These two domains are associated with Bmp62 binding to ubiquitinated proteins to form the p62 bodies, and the UBA domain is essential for the binding, but Bmp62 still self-associates without the PB1 or UBA domain. The p62 bodies in Bombyx cells are enclosed by BmAtg9-containing membranes and degraded via autophagy. It is revealed that the interaction between the Bmp62 AIM motif and BmAtg8 is critical for the autophagic degradation of the p62 bodies. Intriguingly, we further demonstrate that lipidation of BmAtg8 is required for the Bmp62-mediated complete degradation of p62 bodies by autophagy. Our results should be useful in future studies of the autophagic mechanism in Lepidopteran insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Ji
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, 6-10-1 Hakozaki Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, 6-10-1 Hakozaki Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mon
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, 6-10-1 Hakozaki Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iiyama
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, 6-10-1 Hakozaki Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Tatsuke
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, 6-10-1 Hakozaki Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Daisuke Morokuma
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, 6-10-1 Hakozaki Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Masato Hino
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, 6-10-1 Hakozaki Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Mami Yamashita
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, 6-10-1 Hakozaki Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kazuma Hirata
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, 6-10-1 Hakozaki Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, 6-10-1 Hakozaki Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Koleini N, Nickel BE, Wang J, Roveimiab Z, Fandrich RR, Kirshenbaum LA, Cattini PA, Kardami E. Fibroblast growth factor-2-mediated protection of cardiomyocytes from the toxic effects of doxorubicin requires the mTOR/Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:87415-87430. [PMID: 29152091 PMCID: PMC5675643 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiotoxic side effects impose limits to the use of anti-tumour chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin (Dox). There is a need for cardioprotective strategies to prevent the multiple deleterious effects of Dox. Here, we examined the ability of administered fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), a cardioprotective protein that is synthesized as high and low molecular weight (Hi-, Lo-FGF-2) isoforms, to prevent Dox-induced: oxidative stress; cell death; lysosome dysregulation; and inactivation of potent endogenous protective pathways, such as the anti-oxidant/detoxification nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf-2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis. Methods and Results Brief pre-incubation of neonatal rat cardiomyocyte cultures with either Hi- or Lo-FGF-2 reduced the Dox-induced: oxidative stress; apoptotic/necrotic cell death; lysosomal dysregulation; decrease in active mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR). FGF-2 isoforms prevented the Dox-induced downregulation of Nrf-2, and promoted robust increases in the Nrf-2-downstream targets including the cardioprotective protein HO-1, and p62/SQSTM1, a multifunctional scaffold protein involved in autophagy. Chloroquine, an autophagic flux inhibitor, caused a further increase in p62/SQSTM1, indicating intact autophagic flux in the FGF-2-treated groups. A selective inhibitor for HO-1, Tin-Protoporphyrin, prevented the FGF-2 protection against cell death. The mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin prevented FGF-2 protection, and blocked the FGF-2 effects on Nrf-2, HO-1 and p62/SQSTM1. Conclusions In an acute setting Hi- or Lo-FGF-2 protect cardiomyocytes against multiple Dox-induced deleterious effects, by a mechanism dependent on preservation of mTOR activity, Nrf-2 levels, and the upregulation of HO-1. Preservation/activation of endogenous anti-oxidant/detoxification defences by FGF-2 is a desirable property in the setting of Dox-cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Koleini
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Barbara E Nickel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zeinab Roveimiab
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Robert R Fandrich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lorrie A Kirshenbaum
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter A Cattini
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Elissavet Kardami
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Aittomäki S, Valanne S, Lehtinen T, Matikainen S, Nyman TA, Rämet M, Pesu M. Proprotein convertase Furin1 expression in the Drosophila fat body is essential for a normal antimicrobial peptide response and bacterial host defense. FASEB J 2017; 31:4770-4782. [PMID: 28705811 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700296r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Invading pathogens provoke robust innate immune responses in Dipteran insects, such as Drosophila melanogaster In a systemic bacterial infection, a humoral response is induced in the fat body. Gram-positive bacteria trigger the Toll signaling pathway, whereas gram-negative bacterial infections are signaled via the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway. We show here that the RNA interference-mediated silencing of Furin1-a member of the proprotein convertase enzyme family-specifically in the fat body, results in a reduction in the expression of antimicrobial peptides. This, in turn, compromises the survival of adult fruit flies in systemic infections that are caused by both gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Furin1 plays a nonredundant role in the regulation of immune responses, as silencing of Furin2, the other member of the enzyme family, had no effect on survival or the expression of antimicrobial peptides upon a systemic infection. Furin1 does not directly affect the Toll or IMD signaling pathways, but the reduced expression of Furin1 up-regulates stress response factors in the fat body. We also demonstrate that Furin1 is a negative regulator of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway, which is implicated in stress responses in the fly. In summary, our data identify Furin1 as a novel regulator of humoral immunity and cellular stress responses in Drosophila-Aittomäki, S., Valanne, S., Lehtinen, T., Matikainen, S., Nyman, T. A., Rämet, M., Pesu, M. Proprotein convertase Furin1 expression in the Drosophila fat body is essential for a normal antimicrobial peptide response and bacterial host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Aittomäki
- Immunoregulation Group, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Valanne
- BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Experimental Immunology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tapio Lehtinen
- Immunoregulation Group, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Tuula A Nyman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Rämet
- BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Experimental Immunology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, and.,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marko Pesu
- Immunoregulation Group, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland .,BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Bi M, Li Q, Guo D, Ding X, Bi W, Zhang Y, Zou Y. Sulphoraphane Improves Neuronal Mitochondrial Function in Brain Tissue in Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 120:541-549. [PMID: 27983767 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the leading causes of toxicity-related mortality and morbidity worldwide, primarily manifested by acute and delayed central nervous system (CNS) injuries and other organ damages. However, its definite pathogenesis is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the pathogenesis of the ultrastructural and functional impairment of mitochondria and the protection of sulphoraphane (SFP) at different dosages on hippocampus neurons in rats after exposure to CO. We found that CO poisoning could induce advanced cognitive dysfunction, while the mitochondrial ultrastructure of neurons in rats of the CO poisoning group was seriously damaged and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was accordingly reduced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and JC-1 fluorescent probe assay. CO poisoning could also increase the expressions of both nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) proteins and their mRNA in brain tissue with immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR (qPCR) techniques. Early administration of either middle-dose or high-dose SFP could efficiently improve mitochondrial structure and function and enhance the antioxidative stress ability, thus exerting a positive effect against brain damage induced by acute CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Bi
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China.,Emergency Center, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Weikang Bi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Yueheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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Conservation of the Keap1-Nrf2 System: An Evolutionary Journey through Stressful Space and Time. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030436. [PMID: 28282941 PMCID: PMC6155405 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Keap1-Nrf2 system is an evolutionarily conserved defense mechanism against oxidative and xenobiotic stress. Its regulatory mechanisms, e.g., stress-sensing mechanism, proteasome-based regulation of Nrf2 activity and selection of target genes, have been elucidated mainly in mammals. In addition, emerging model animals, such as zebrafish, fruit fly and Caenorhabditis elegans, have been shown to have similar anti-stress systems to mammals, suggesting that analogous defense systems are widely conserved throughout the animal kingdom. Experimental evidence in lower animals provides important information beyond mere laboratory-confined utility, such as regarding how these systems transformed during evolution, which may help characterize the mammalian system in greater detail. Recent advances in genome projects of both model and non-model animals have provided a great deal of useful information toward this end. We herein review the research on Keap1-Nrf2 and its analogous systems in both mammals and lower model animals. In addition, by comparing the amino acid sequences of Nrf2 and Keap1 proteins from various species, we can deduce the evolutionary history of the anti-stress system. This combinatorial approach using both experimental and genetic data will suggest perspectives of approach for researchers studying the stress response.
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Pajares M, Cuadrado A, Rojo AI. Modulation of proteostasis by transcription factor NRF2 and impact in neurodegenerative diseases. Redox Biol 2017; 11:543-553. [PMID: 28104575 PMCID: PMC5239825 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are linked to the accumulation of specific protein aggregates, suggesting an intimate connection between injured brain and loss of proteostasis. Proteostasis refers to all the processes by which cells control the abundance and folding of the proteome thanks to a wide network that integrates the regulation of signaling pathways, gene expression and protein degradation systems. This review attempts to summarize the most relevant findings about the transcriptional modulation of proteostasis exerted by the transcription factor NRF2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2). NRF2 has been classically considered as the master regulator of the antioxidant cell response, although it is currently emerging as a key component of the transduction machinery to maintain proteostasis. As we will discuss, NRF2 could be envisioned as a hub that compiles emergency signals derived from misfolded protein accumulation in order to build a coordinated and perdurable transcriptional response. This is achieved by functions of NRF2 related to the control of genes involved in the maintenance of the endoplasmic reticulum physiology, the proteasome and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pajares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rojo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Downregulation of Nrf2 promotes autophagy-dependent osteoblastic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 349:221-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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