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Shidoji Y. Induction of Hepatoma Cell Pyroptosis by Endogenous Lipid Geranylgeranoic Acid-A Comparison with Palmitic Acid and Retinoic Acid. Cells 2024; 13:809. [PMID: 38786033 PMCID: PMC11119665 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on retinoid-based cancer prevention, spurred by the effects of vitamin A deficiency on gastric cancer and subsequent clinical studies on digestive tract cancer, unveils novel avenues for chemoprevention. Acyclic retinoids like 4,5-didehydrogeranylgeranoic acid (4,5-didehydroGGA) have emerged as potent agents against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), distinct from natural retinoids such as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Mechanistic studies reveal GGA's unique induction of pyroptosis, a rapid cell death pathway, in HCC cells. GGA triggers mitochondrial superoxide hyperproduction and ER stress responses through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and modulates autophagy, ultimately activating pyroptotic cell death in HCC cells. Unlike ATRA-induced apoptosis, GGA and palmitic acid (PA) induce pyroptosis, underscoring their distinct mechanisms. While all three fatty acids evoke mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress responses, GGA and PA inhibit autophagy, leading to incomplete autophagic responses and pyroptosis, whereas ATRA promotes autophagic flux. In vivo experiments demonstrate GGA's potential as an anti-oncometabolite, inducing cell death selectively in tumor cells and thus suppressing liver cancer development. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying GGA's anti-HCC effects and underscores its promising role in cancer prevention, highlighting its importance in HCC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Shidoji
- Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki, Nagayo, Nagasaki 851-2195, Japan
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Liu XT, Huang Y, Liu D, Jiang YC, Zhao M, Chung LH, Han XD, Zhao Y, Chen J, Coleman P, Ting KK, Tran C, Su Y, Dennis CV, Bhatnagar A, Liu K, Don AS, Vadas MA, Gorrell MD, Zhang S, Murray M, Kavurma MM, McCaughan GW, Gamble JR, Qi Y. Targeting the SphK1/S1P/PFKFB3 axis suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by disrupting glycolytic energy supply that drives tumor angiogenesis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:43. [PMID: 38200582 PMCID: PMC10782643 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04830-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading life-threatening health challenge worldwide, with pressing needs for novel therapeutic strategies. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), a well-established pro-cancer enzyme, is aberrantly overexpressed in a multitude of malignancies, including HCC. Our previous research has shown that genetic ablation of Sphk1 mitigates HCC progression in mice. Therefore, the development of PF-543, a highly selective SphK1 inhibitor, opens a new avenue for HCC treatment. However, the anti-cancer efficacy of PF-543 has not yet been investigated in primary cancer models in vivo, thereby limiting its further translation. METHODS Building upon the identification of the active form of SphK1 as a viable therapeutic target in human HCC specimens, we assessed the capacity of PF-543 in suppressing tumor progression using a diethylnitrosamine-induced mouse model of primary HCC. We further delineated its underlying mechanisms in both HCC and endothelial cells. Key findings were validated in Sphk1 knockout mice and lentiviral-mediated SphK1 knockdown cells. RESULTS SphK1 activity was found to be elevated in human HCC tissues. Administration of PF-543 effectively abrogated hepatic SphK1 activity and significantly suppressed HCC progression in diethylnitrosamine-treated mice. The primary mechanism of action was through the inhibition of tumor neovascularization, as PF-543 disrupted endothelial cell angiogenesis even in a pro-angiogenic milieu. Mechanistically, PF-543 induced proteasomal degradation of the critical glycolytic enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3, thus restricting the energy supply essential for tumor angiogenesis. These effects of PF-543 could be reversed upon S1P supplementation in an S1P receptor-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first in vivo evidence supporting the potential of PF-543 as an effective anti-HCC agent. It also uncovers previously undescribed links between the pro-cancer, pro-angiogenic and pro-glycolytic roles of the SphK1/S1P/S1P receptor axis. Importantly, unlike conventional anti-HCC drugs that target individual pro-angiogenic drivers, PF-543 impairs the PFKFB3-dictated glycolytic energy engine that fuels tumor angiogenesis, representing a novel and potentially safer therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tracy Liu
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Yu Huang
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Da Liu
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Yingxin Celia Jiang
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Long Hoa Chung
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Xingxing Daisy Han
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinbiao Chen
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Paul Coleman
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Ka Ka Ting
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Collin Tran
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Yingying Su
- Sydney Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Claude Vincent Dennis
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Atul Bhatnagar
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ken Liu
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Anthony Simon Don
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mathew Alexander Vadas
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Mark Douglas Gorrell
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Michael Murray
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Geoffrey William McCaughan
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Jennifer Ruth Gamble
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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Kim KM, Shin EJ, Yang JH, Ki SH. Integrative roles of sphingosine kinase in liver pathophysiology. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:549-564. [PMID: 37779595 PMCID: PMC10541397 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive sphingolipids and enzymes that metabolize sphingolipid-related substances have been considered as critical messengers in various signaling pathways. One such enzyme is the crucial lipid kinase, sphingosine kinase (SphK), which mediates the conversion of sphingosine to the potent signaling substance, sphingosine-1-phosphate. Several studies have demonstrated that SphK metabolism is strictly regulated to maintain the homeostatic balance of cells. Here, we summarize the role of SphK in the course of liver disease and illustrate its effects on both physiological and pathological conditions of the liver. SphK has been implicated in a variety of liver diseases, such as steatosis, liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatic failure. This study may advance the understanding of the cellular and molecular foundations of liver disease and establish therapeutic approaches via SphK modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-Do 58245 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-Daero, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
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Kim JY, Kwon YG, Kim YM. The stress-responsive protein REDD1 and its pathophysiological functions. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1933-1944. [PMID: 37653030 PMCID: PMC10545776 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated in development and DNA damage-response 1 (REDD1) is a stress-induced protein that controls various cellular functions, including metabolism, oxidative stress, autophagy, and cell fate, and contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic and inflammatory disorders, neurodegeneration, and cancer. REDD1 usually exerts deleterious effects, including tumorigenesis, metabolic inflammation, neurodegeneration, and muscle dystrophy; however, it also exhibits protective functions by regulating multiple intrinsic cell activities through either an mTORC1-dependent or -independent mechanism. REDD1 typically regulates mTORC1 signaling, NF-κB activation, and cellular pro-oxidant or antioxidant activity by interacting with 14-3-3 proteins, IκBα, and thioredoxin-interacting protein or 75 kDa glucose-regulated protein, respectively. The diverse functions of REDD1 depend on cell type, cellular context, interaction partners, and cellular localization (e.g., mitochondria, endomembrane, or cytosol). Therefore, comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanisms and biological roles of REDD1 under pathophysiological conditions is of utmost importance. In this review, based on the published literature, we highlight and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the REDD1 expression and its actions, biological functions, and pathophysiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yoon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Li X, Cao Y, Xu X, Wang C, Ni Q, Lv X, Yang C, Zhang Z, Qi X, Song G. Sleep Deprivation Promotes Endothelial Inflammation and Atherogenesis by Reducing Exosomal miR-182-5p. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:995-1014. [PMID: 37021573 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient or disrupted sleep increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis. However, we know little about the molecular mechanisms by which sleep modulates atherogenesis. This study aimed to explore the potential role of circulating exosomes in endothelial inflammation and atherogenesis under sleep deprivation status and the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS Circulating exosomes were isolated from the plasma of volunteers with or without sleep deprivation and mice subjected to 12-week sleep deprivation or control littermates. miRNA array was performed to determine changes in miRNA expression in circulating exosomes. RESULTS Although the total circulating exosome levels did not change significantly, the isolated plasma exosomes from sleep-deprived mice or human were a potent inducer of endothelial inflammation and atherogenesis. Through profiling and functional analysis of the global microRNA in the exosomes, we found miR-182-5p is a key exosomal cargo that mediates the proinflammatory effects of exosomes by upregulation of MYD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88) and activation of NF-ĸB (nuclear factor kappa-B)/NLRP3 pathway in endothelial cells. Moreover, sleep deprivation or the reduction of melatonin directly decreased the synthesis of miR-182-5p and led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in small intestinal epithelium. CONCLUSIONS The findings illustrate an important role for circulating exosomes in distant communications, suggesting a new mechanism underlying the link between sleep disorder and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China (X.L., Y.C., X.X., C.W., X.L., C.Y., Z.Z., G.S.)
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China (X.L., Y.C., X.X., C.W., X.L., C.Y., Z.Z., G.S.)
| | - Xinxin Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China (X.L., Y.C., X.X., C.W., X.L., C.Y., Z.Z., G.S.)
| | - Chongyue Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China (X.L., Y.C., X.X., C.W., X.L., C.Y., Z.Z., G.S.)
| | - Qingbin Ni
- Hydrogen medicine center, Tai 'an City Central Hospital, China (Q.N.)
| | - Xiang Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China (X.L., Y.C., X.X., C.W., X.L., C.Y., Z.Z., G.S.)
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China (X.L., Y.C., X.X., C.W., X.L., C.Y., Z.Z., G.S.)
| | - Zhaoqiang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China (X.L., Y.C., X.X., C.W., X.L., C.Y., Z.Z., G.S.)
| | - Xufeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (X.Q.)
| | - Guohua Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China (X.L., Y.C., X.X., C.W., X.L., C.Y., Z.Z., G.S.)
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Jiang ZJ, Gong LW. The SphK1/S1P Axis Regulates Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis via TRPC5 Channels. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3807-3824. [PMID: 37185099 PMCID: PMC10217994 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1494-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid concentrated in the brain, is essential for normal brain functions, such as learning and memory and feeding behaviors. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), the primary kinase responsible for S1P production in the brain, is abundant within presynaptic terminals, indicating a potential role of the SphK1/S1P axis in presynaptic physiology. Altered S1P levels have been highlighted in many neurologic diseases with endocytic malfunctions. However, it remains unknown whether the SphK1/S1P axis may regulate synaptic vesicle endocytosis in neurons. The present study evaluates potential functions of the SphK1/S1P axis in synaptic vesicle endocytosis by determining effects of a dominant negative catalytically inactive SphK1. Our data for the first time identify a critical role of the SphK1/S1P axis in endocytosis in both neuroendocrine chromaffin cells and neurons from mice of both sexes. Furthermore, our Ca2+ imaging data indicate that the SphK1/S1P axis may be important for presynaptic Ca2+ increases during prolonged stimulations by regulating the Ca2+ permeable TRPC5 channels, which per se regulate synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Collectively, our data point out a critical role of the regulation of TRPC5 by the SphK1/S1P axis in synaptic vesicle endocytosis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), the primary kinase responsible for brain sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) production, is abundant within presynaptic terminals. Altered SphK1/S1P metabolisms has been highlighted in many neurologic disorders with defective synaptic vesicle endocytosis. However, whether the SphK1/S1P axis may regulate synaptic vesicle endocytosis is unknown. Here, we identify that the SphK1/S1P axis regulates the kinetics of synaptic vesicle endocytosis in neurons, in addition to controlling fission-pore duration during single vesicle endocytosis in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. The regulation of the SphK1/S1P axis in synaptic vesicle endocytosis is specific since it has a distinguished signaling pathway, which involves regulation of Ca2+ influx via TRPC5 channels. This discovery may provide novel mechanistic implications for the SphK1/S1P axis in brain functions under physiological and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jiao Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Liang-Wei Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
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Chen J, Hao Y, Xu P, Bian D, Han L, Wu X, Zhuang Z, Wang J, Luo Y. CerS5 deficiency promotes liver fibrosis development in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 667:120-126. [PMID: 37216827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocyte lipotoxicity mediated by sphingolipids was considered one of important factors in NAFLD development. Knocking out key enzymes for sphingolipids synthesis, such as DES-1, SPHK1 and CerS6, could reduce hepatocyte lipotoxicity and improve NAFLD progression. Previous studies showed that roles of CerS5 and CerS6 in sphingolipids metabolism were similar, but the role of CerS5 was controversial in NAFLD development. This study aimed to clarify the role and mechanism of CerS5 in NAFLD development. METHODS Hepatocyte conditional CerS5 knockout (CerS5 CKO) and wild type (WT) mice were fed with standard control diet (SC) and choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) and then divided into four groups: CerS5 CKO-SC, CerS5 CKO-CDAHFD, WT-SC and WT-CDAHFD. RT-PCR, IHC and WB were used to analyze the expression of inflammatory, fibrosis and bile acids (BA) metabolism factors. RNA-seq was used to analyze differences of transcriptional levels of liver molecules among the four groups. Metabolomics was used to measured differences of hepatic BAs among the four groups. RESULTS Hepatocyte specific knockout of CerS5 did not increase or reduce the severity of 8-weeks CDAHFD induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation, but significantly worsened the progression of liver fibrosis in these mice. At the molecular level, hepatocyte specific knockout of CerS5 did not increase or reduce expression of hepatic inflammatory factors: CD68, F4/80 and MCP-1, but increased expression of hepatic fibrosis factors: α-SMA, COL1α and TGF-β in mice fed with CDAHFD. Transcriptome analysis showed that hepatocyte specific knockout of CerS5 significantly decreased the expression of hepatic cyp27a1, and decreased expression of cyp27a1 was further validated by RT-PCR and WB. Considering that cyp27a1 was a key enzyme in the alternative pathway of BA synthesis, we further found that hepatic BA pools in CerS5 CKO mice were more conducive to the progression of liver fibrosis, which were characterized by elevated hydrophobic 12α-OH BAs and decreased hydrophilic non-12α-OH BAs. CONCLUSION CerS5 played an important role in the progression of NAFLD related fibrosis, and hepatocyte specific knockout of CerS5 accelerated the progression of NAFLD related fibrosis, which was possibly due to the inhibition of BA synthesis alternative pathway by knocking out hepatocyte CerS5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanping Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongxue Bian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengjie Zhuang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital, No.126, Wenzhou Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Central Laboratory, Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital, No.126, Wenzhou Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
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Chen L, Lin B, Yang J, Zhong L, Xiong X, Wang X. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates ischemia induced liver injury by repressing the SPHK1/S1P pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:73. [PMID: 36819566 PMCID: PMC9929751 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced liver injury is a severe pathological process which frequently occurs during clinical hepatic operations. The current study investigated the protective function and underlying mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in I/R induced liver injury. Methods The effects of H2S were examined using the fibroblast-like rat liver cell line BRL-3A (the name of normal hepatocytes in rats) cultured under hypoxic conditions and an I/R rat model. The viability of BRL-3A cells was assessed using the methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay and Hoechst analysis. The expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) were determined in hypoxic BRL-3A cells with or without H2S treatment. CHOP was overexpressed in hypoxic BRL-3A cells to further evaluate whether H2S protected the liver against I/R injury by decreasing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Finally, the inflammation levels in the serum and the histopathological changes of liver were examined in the I/R rat model to evaluate the therapeutic function of H2S on I/R induced liver injury in vivo. Results H2S alleviated hypoxic damage in BRL-3A cells. In addition, hypoxia increased the expression of CHOP, SPHK1, and S1P in BRL-3A cells, and this was abolished by H2S pretreatment. Notably, overexpression of CHOP significantly inhibited the effect of H2S on the viability of BRL-3A cells during hypoxia. Overall, H2S effectively protected against I/R induced liver injury, decreased the inflammatory responses, and attenuated apoptosis of hepatocyte via inhibiting the ER stress response. Conclusions These findings demonstrated that pre-treatment of H2S protected against I/R induced liver injury by repressing the SPHK1/S1P pathway via inhibition of ER stress, suggesting an effective therapeutic method for the treatment of I/R induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, China
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Jin W, Fan M, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Jing C, Jiang R, Piao C, Sun L. Polydatin prevents lipotoxicity-induced dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and excessive autophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154410. [PMID: 36030747 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronically elevated free fatty acid levels can adversely affect pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin resistance and eventually type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Polydatin (PD) from Polygonum cuspidatum has been shown to regulate blood lipid content and lower cholesterol levels. However, there have been no reports on the potential therapeutic effects and actions of PD on lipotoxicity in β-cells. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PD on palmitate (PA)-treated INS-1 insulinoma cells and diabetic mice. METHODS Cells were incubated with PA and varying concentrations of PD for 24 h. Viability assays, morphological observations, flow cytometric analysis, western blotting, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to assess the effects of PD on PA-induced lipotoxicity. Western blotting was used to measure the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and the levels of autophagy-related factors after incubation with inducers and inhibitors of ERS and autophagy. Diabetic mice were treated with intragastric PD for 6 weeks followed by the measurement of their physiological and blood lipid indices and assessment of the results of histological and immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS Treatment with PD after PA exposure enhanced insulin secretion and the expression of diabetes-associated genes. PD promoted β-cell function by reducing the levels of proteins associated with ERS and autophagy while also attenuating ERS triggered by tunicamycin. PD also reduced tunicamycin-induced autophagy, indicating that it regulated ERS-mediated autophagy and reduced PA-induced cellular dysfunction. In addition, treatment of db/db mice with PD substantially reduced body weight gain, alleviated dyslipidemia, improved β-cell function, and reduced insulin resistance. CONCLUSION These results suggest that PD protects β-cells from lipotoxicity-induced dysfunction and apoptosis by inhibiting ERS and preventing excessive autophagy. Our study provides a new basis for exploring the potential of PD against β-cell lipotoxicity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Jin
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China; College of pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Meiling Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chenxu Jing
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chunli Piao
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Liwei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Cross-regional Cooperation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Product Research and Development, Changchun, China.
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10
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Wang C, Li L, Yang C, Zhang Z, Li X, Wang Y, Lv X, Qi X, Song G. One night of sleep deprivation induces release of small extracellular vesicles into circulation and promotes platelet activation by small EVs. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5033-5043. [PMID: 36043452 PMCID: PMC9549501 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as key players in intercellular communication. Few studies have focused on EV levels in subjects with sleep disorders. Here, we aimed to explore the role of acute sleep deprivation on the quantity and functionality of circulating EVs, and their tissue distribution. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation from the plasma of volunteers and animals undergoing one night of sleep deprivation. Arterio-venous shunt, FeCl3 thrombus test and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation assay were conducted to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro bioactivity of small EVs. Western blotting was performed to measure the expression of EV proteins. The fate and distribution of circulating small EVs were determined by intravital imaging. We found that one night of sleep deprivation triggers release of small EVs into the circulation in both healthy individuals and animals. Injection of sleep deprivation-liberated small EVs into animals increased thrombus formation and weight in thrombosis models. Also, sleep deprivation-liberated small EVs promoted platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. Mechanistically, sleep deprivation increased the levels of HMGB1 protein in small EVs, which play important roles in platelet activation. Furthermore, we found sleep deprivation-liberated small EVs are more readily localize in the liver. These data suggested that one night of sleep deprivation is a stress for small EV release, and small EVs released here may increase the risk of thrombosis. Further, small EVs may be implicated in long distance signalling during sleep deprivation-mediated adaptation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyue Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China.,Taishan Vocational College of Nursing, Taian, China
| | - Lulu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Xiang Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
| | - Xufeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, China
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11
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Zhou ZS, Kong CF, Sun JR, Qu XK, Sun JH, Sun AT. Fisetin Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury through Regulating SIRT1 and SphK1 Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:2171-2184. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) often leads to hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Fisetin has been shown to confer protection against liver injury. Herein, we investigated whether fisetin could prevent ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Mice were fed on 5% (v/v) Lieber–DeCarli ethanol diet. Human primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) co-cultured with ethanol were used to verify the therapeutic effect of fisetin. The results of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) in serum, Oil O Red and Masson staining revealed that fisetin (80[Formula: see text]mg/kg) ameliorated ethanol-induced mice liver injury and fibrosis. Besides, immunofluorescence results of [Formula: see text]-SMA revealed that fisetin suppressed HSCs activation. The suppression was dose-dependent. Furthermore, fisetin promoted SIRT1-mediated autophagy and inhibited Sphk1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) both in vitro and in vivo. Molecular docking results indicated potential interaction of fisetin with SIRT1 and SphK1. The inhibitory effect of fisetin on HSCs activation was reversed on co-culturing with EX-527, a specific inhibitor against STIR1 overexpression. Thus, fisetin has the potential to ameliorate alcohol-induced liver injury through suppression of HSCs activation, SIRT1-mediated autophagy and Sphk1-mediated ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Shen Zhou
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Fan Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Shenzhen Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ke Qu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Hui Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - An-Tao Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
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12
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Manifold Roles of Ceramide Metabolism in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:157-168. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Chung LH, Liu D, Liu XT, Qi Y. Ceramide Transfer Protein (CERT): An Overlooked Molecular Player in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13184. [PMID: 34947980 PMCID: PMC8705978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a class of essential lipids implicated in constructing cellular membranes and regulating nearly all cellular functions. Sphingolipid metabolic network is centered with the ceramide-sphingomyelin axis. Ceramide is well-recognized as a pro-apoptotic signal; while sphingomyelin, as the most abundant type of sphingolipids, is required for cell growth. Therefore, the balance between these two sphingolipids can be critical for cancer cell survival and functioning. Ceramide transfer protein (CERT) dictates the ratio of ceramide to sphingomyelin within the cell. It is the only lipid transfer protein that specifically delivers ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, where ceramide serves as the substrate for sphingomyelin synthesis. In the past two decades, an increasing body of evidence has suggested a critical role of CERT in cancer, but much more intensive efforts are required to draw a definite conclusion. Herein, we review all research findings of CERT, focusing on its molecular structure, cellular functions and implications in cancer. This comprehensive review of CERT will help to better understand the molecular mechanism of cancer and inspire to identify novel druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hoa Chung
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.L.); (X.T.L.)
| | | | | | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.L.); (X.T.L.)
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14
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Pei G, Zyla J, He L, Moura-Alves P, Steinle H, Saikali P, Lozza L, Nieuwenhuizen N, Weiner J, Mollenkopf HJ, Ellwanger K, Arnold C, Duan M, Dagil Y, Pashenkov M, Boneca IG, Kufer TA, Dorhoi A, Kaufmann SH. Cellular stress promotes NOD1/2-dependent inflammation via the endogenous metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106272. [PMID: 33942347 PMCID: PMC8246065 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress has been associated with inflammation, yet precise underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, various unrelated stress inducers were employed to screen for sensors linking altered cellular homeostasis and inflammation. We identified the intracellular pattern recognition receptors NOD1/2, which sense bacterial peptidoglycans, as general stress sensors detecting perturbations of cellular homeostasis. NOD1/2 activation upon such perturbations required generation of the endogenous metabolite sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P). Unlike peptidoglycan sensing via the leucine‐rich repeats domain, cytosolic S1P directly bound to the nucleotide binding domains of NOD1/2, triggering NF‐κB activation and inflammatory responses. In sum, we unveiled a hitherto unknown role of NOD1/2 in surveillance of cellular homeostasis through sensing of the cytosolic metabolite S1P. We propose S1P, an endogenous metabolite, as a novel NOD1/2 activator and NOD1/2 as molecular hubs integrating bacterial and metabolic cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Pei
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joanna Zyla
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Lichun He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pedro Moura-Alves
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heidrun Steinle
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philippe Saikali
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Lozza
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Nieuwenhuizen
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - January Weiner
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kornelia Ellwanger
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christine Arnold
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mojie Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulia Dagil
- Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Pashenkov
- Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivo Gomperts Boneca
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Microbiology, Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR2001, Integrative and Molecular Microbiology, Paris, France.,INSERM, Équipe AVENIR, Paris, France
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan He Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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15
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Yan L, Zhang X, Fu J, Liu Q, Lei X, Cao Z, Zhang J, Shao Y, Tong Q, Qin W, Liu X, Liu C, Liu Z, Li Z, Lu J, Xu X. Inhibition of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 channel attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 558:86-93. [PMID: 33906111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is a member of the TRP superfamily. Previous studies have demonstrated that TRPV3 is associated with myocardial fibrosis. However, the role of TRPV3 in hepatic fibrosis and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying effects of TRPV3 on hepatic fibrosis at multiple biological levels. First, immunohistochemical staining was performed to examine TRPV3 expression in human hepatic cirrhosis tissues. Then, we established a CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis mouse model. The TRPV3 selective agonist drofenine and its inhibitor, forsythoside B, were intraperitoneally injected to investigate the relationship between TRPV3 and liver fibrosis progression. Finally, in vitro studies were performed using hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to discover the potential molecular biological mechanisms. Immunohistochemistry revealed TRPV3 overexpression in liver cirrhosis. In the liver fibrosis groups, TRPV3 inhibitor treatment significantly reduced liver fibrosis, while TRPV3 agonist exacerbated its progression. In HSCs, knocking down TRPV3 with siRNA impaired DNA synthesis and cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that knockdown of TRPV3 could reduce the lectin like oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) protein levels. Our research suggests that lower expression or functional levels of TRPV3 can ameliorate the inflammatory response and fibrotic tissue proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Yan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zhenyu Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yaoli Shao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Qing Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xinxu Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zhenghao Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jueliang Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xundi Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Disease Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Department of General Surgery. Pinghu Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, China.
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16
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He Q, Bo J, Shen R, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yang J, Liu Y. S1P Signaling Pathways in Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:1341750. [PMID: 34751249 PMCID: PMC8571914 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1341750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is very complicated. The currently well-accepted etiology is the "Ominous Octet" theory proposed by Professor Defronzo. Since presently used drugs for T2DM have limitations and harmful side effects, studies regarding alternative treatments are being conducted. Analyzing the pharmacological mechanism of biomolecules in view of pathogenesis is an effective way to assess new drugs. Sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), an endogenous lipid substance in the human body, has attracted increasing attention in the T2DM research field. This article reviews recent study updates of S1P, summarizing its effects on T2DM with respect to pathogenesis, promoting β cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, reducing insulin resistance, protecting the liver and pancreas from lipotoxic damage, improving intestinal incretin effects, lowering basal glucagon levels, etc. With increasing research, S1P may help treat and prevent T2DM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong He
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jiaqi Bo
- Department of Second Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ruihua Shen
- Department of Second Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Second Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
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17
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Regulation of hepatic insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis by sphingosine kinase 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24434-24442. [PMID: 32917816 PMCID: PMC7533871 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007856117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic insulin resistance is a chief pathogenic determinant in the development of type 2 diabetes, which is often associated with abnormal hepatic lipid regulation. Sphingolipids are a class of essential lipids in the liver, where sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) is a key enzyme in their catabolic pathway. However, roles of SphK2 and its related sphingolipids in hepatic insulin resistance remain elusive. Here we generate liver-specific Sphk2 knockout mice, demonstrating that SphK2 in the liver is essential for insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. We also identify sphingosine as a bona fide endogenous inhibitor of hepatic insulin signaling. These findings provide physiological insights into SphK2 and sphingosine, which could be therapeutic targets for the management of insulin resistance and diabetes. Sphingolipid dysregulation is often associated with insulin resistance, while the enzymes controlling sphingolipid metabolism are emerging as therapeutic targets for improving insulin sensitivity. We report herein that sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2), a key enzyme in sphingolipid catabolism, plays a critical role in the regulation of hepatic insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis both in vitro and in vivo. Hepatocyte-specific Sphk2 knockout mice exhibit pronounced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Likewise, SphK2-deficient hepatocytes are resistant to insulin-induced activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-FoxO1 pathway and elevated hepatic glucose production. Mechanistically, SphK2 deficiency leads to the accumulation of sphingosine that, in turn, suppresses hepatic insulin signaling by inhibiting PI3K activation in hepatocytes. Either reexpressing functional SphK2 or pharmacologically inhibiting sphingosine production restores insulin sensitivity in SphK2-deficient hepatocytes. In conclusion, the current study provides both experimental findings and mechanistic data showing that SphK2 and sphingosine in the liver are critical regulators of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.
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18
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Cell fate determined by the activation balance between PKR and SPHK1. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:401-418. [PMID: 32801355 PMCID: PMC7852545 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) activation via autophosphorylation is the central cellular response to stress that promotes cell death or apoptosis. However, the key factors and mechanisms behind the simultaneous activation of pro-survival signaling pathways remain unknown. We have discovered a novel regulatory mechanism for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis that relies on the phosphorylation interplay between sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and PKR during exogenous stress. We identified SPHK1 as a previously unrecognized PKR substrate. Phosphorylated SPHK1, a central kinase, mediates the activation of PKR-induced pro-survival pathways by the S1P/S1PR1/MAPKs/IKKα signal axis, and antagonizes PKR-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signal transduction under stress conditions. Otherwise, phosphorylated SPHK1 also acts as the negative feedback factor, preferentially binding to the latent form of PKR at the C-terminal kinase motif, inhibiting the homodimerization of PKR, suppressing PKR autophosphorylation, and reducing the signaling strength for cell death and apoptosis. Our results suggest that the balance of the activation levels between PKR and SPHK1, a probable hallmark of homeostasis maintenance, determines cell fate during cellular stress response.
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19
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Yu J, Dong J, Chen K, Ding Y, Yang Z, Lan T. Generation of mice with hepatocyte-specific conditional deletion of sphingosine kinase 1. Transgenic Res 2020; 29:419-428. [PMID: 32696422 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-020-00211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SphK1 gene has different roles in various types of cells in liver diseases, but most studies are based on global knockout mice, which hampers the study on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of SphK1. In order to further study the role of SphK1 in liver, SphK1 conditional knockout mice were constructed. A liver-specific SphK1 gene knockout mouse model was constructed by the Cre/Loxp recombinant enzyme system. PCR technologies and western blotting were used to identified the elimination of SphK1 gene in hepatocytes. SphK1flox/flox mice were used as a control group to verify the effectiveness of SphK1 liver-specific knockout mice from the profile, pathology, and serology of mice. The ablation of SphK1 in hepatic parenchymal cells was demonstrated by fluorescent in situ hybridization and the contents of S1P and Sph were measured by ELISA kit. The genotypes of liver in SphK1 conditional knockout mice were different from that of other organs. The mRNA and protein levels of SphK1 in liver tissue of SphK1 conditional knockout mice were almost depleted by compared with SphK1flox/flox mice. Physiology and pathology showed no significant difference between SphK1 liver conditional knockout mice and SphK1flox/flox mice. Additionally, SphK1 was eliminated in hepatocytes, leading to the reduce of S1P content in hepatocytes and liver tissues and the increase of Sph content in hepatocytes. The model of SphK1 gene liver conditional knockout mice was successfully constructed, providing a tool for the study of the roles of SphK1 in hepatocyte and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiale Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kangdi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yaping Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhicheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tian Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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20
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Jiang F, Chen Q, Wang W, Ling Y, Yan Y, Xia P. Hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles promote endothelial inflammation and atherogenesis via microRNA-1. J Hepatol 2020; 72:156-166. [PMID: 31568800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Clinical evidence has indicated a close link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore a potential role of hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in endothelial inflammation and atherogenesis in the context of NAFLD. METHODS EVs were isolated, quantified and characterized from steatotic hepatocytes. An endothelial cell-specific PCR array was used to screen the functional properties of EVs. Profiling of global microRNA expression was conducted in EVs. The expression level and biological function of microRNA-1 (miR-1) was determined by quantitative PCR, immunoblot and reporter gene assays, respectively. The in vivo effect of miR-1 on atherogenesis was investigated in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice administered with a miR-1-specific inhibitor, antagomiR-1. RESULTS Steatotic hepatocytes released more EVs, which had significantly altered miRNA expression profiles compared to the EVs released by control hepatocytes. Endothelial cells co-cultured with steatotic hepatocytes, or treated with their EVs or miR-1, expressed significantly more proinflammatory molecules, as well as exhibiting increased NF-κB activity and reduced Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) expression. EV-induced endothelial inflammation was prevented by either downregulation or inhibition of miR-1. While miR-1 treatment suppressed KLF4 expression and reporter gene activity, overexpression of KLF4 dramatically abolished the miR-1-induced endothelial inflammation. Moreover, not only did the miR-1 inhibitor reduce endothelial inflammation in vitro, but it also attenuated atherogenesis in ApoE-deficient mice. CONCLUSION Steatotic hepatocyte-derived EVs promote endothelial inflammation and facilitate atherogenesis by miR-1 delivery, KLF4 suppression and NF-κB activation. The findings illustrate an important role of hepatocyte-derived EVs in distant communications between the liver and vasculature, suggesting a new mechanism underlying the link between NAFLD and CVD. LAY SUMMARY Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition highly prevalent in obese and/or diabetic patients, is emerging as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Herein, we demonstrated that extracellular vesicles, released by hepatocytes under NAFLD conditions, cause vascular endothelial inflammation and promote atherosclerosis. Within these toxic vesicles, we identified a small molecular cargo that acted as a potent inducer of endothelial inflammation. By inhibiting this cargo's function, a specific gene-based inhibitor profoundly attenuated atherogenesis in mice, uncovering a novel mechanism which may be used to prevent or treat cardiovascular disease in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, and Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Qi Y, Wang W, Song Z, Aji G, Liu XT, Xia P. Role of Sphingosine Kinase in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:627076. [PMID: 33633691 PMCID: PMC7899982 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.627076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a class of essential lipids, functioning as both cell membrane constituents and signaling messengers. In the sphingolipid metabolic network, ceramides serve as the central hub that is hydrolyzed to sphingosine, followed by phosphorylation to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) by sphingosine kinase (SphK). SphK is regarded as a "switch" of the sphingolipid rheostat, as it catalyzes the conversion of ceramide/sphingosine to S1P, which often exhibit opposing biological roles in the cell. Besides, SphK is an important signaling enzyme that has been implicated in the regulation of a wide variety of biological functions. In recent years, an increasing body of evidence has suggested a critical role of SphK in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), although a certain level of controversy remains. Herein, we review recent findings related to SphK in the field of T2D research with a focus on peripheral insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell failure. It is expected that a comprehensive understanding of the role of SphK and the associated sphingolipids in T2D will help to identify druggable targets for future anti-diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Qi
- Lipid Cell Biology Laboratory, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Yanfei Qi, ; Pu Xia,
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gulibositan Aji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Tracy Liu
- Lipid Cell Biology Laboratory, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pu Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yanfei Qi, ; Pu Xia,
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22
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Funcke JB, Scherer PE. Beyond adiponectin and leptin: adipose tissue-derived mediators of inter-organ communication. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1648-1684. [PMID: 31209153 PMCID: PMC6795086 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r094060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The breakthrough discoveries of leptin and adiponectin more than two decades ago led to a widespread recognition of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Many more adipose tissue-secreted signaling mediators (adipokines) have been identified since then, and much has been learned about how adipose tissue communicates with other organs of the body to maintain systemic homeostasis. Beyond proteins, additional factors, such as lipids, metabolites, noncoding RNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by adipose tissue participate in this process. Here, we review the diverse signaling mediators and mechanisms adipose tissue utilizes to relay information to other organs. We discuss recently identified adipokines (proteins, lipids, and metabolites) and briefly outline the contributions of noncoding RNAs and EVs to the ever-increasing complexities of adipose tissue inter-organ communication. We conclude by reflecting on central aspects of adipokine biology, namely, the contribution of distinct adipose tissue depots and cell types to adipokine secretion, the phenomenon of adipokine resistance, and the capacity of adipose tissue to act both as a source and sink of signaling mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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23
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Bennett MK, Wallington-Beddoe CT, Pitson SM. Sphingolipids and the unfolded protein response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1483-1494. [PMID: 31176037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a response by the endoplasmic reticulum to stress, classically caused by any disruption to cell homeostasis that results in an accumulation in unfolded proteins. However, there is an increasing body of research demonstrating that the UPR can also be activated by changes in lipid homeostasis, including changes in sphingolipid metabolism. Sphingolipids are a family of bioactive lipids with important roles in both the formation and integrity of cellular membranes, and regulation of key cellular processes, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. Bi-directional interactions between sphingolipids and the UPR have now been observed in a range of diseases, including cancer, diabetes and liver disease. Determining how these two key cellular components influence each other could play an important role in deciphering the causes of these diseases and potentially reveal new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Bennett
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Craig T Wallington-Beddoe
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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24
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Derakhshani S, Kurz A, Japtok L, Schumacher F, Pilgram L, Steinke M, Kleuser B, Sauer M, Schneider-Schaulies S, Avota E. Measles Virus Infection Fosters Dendritic Cell Motility in a 3D Environment to Enhance Transmission to Target Cells in the Respiratory Epithelium. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1294. [PMID: 31231395 PMCID: PMC6560165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of measles virus (MV) from dendritic to airway epithelial cells is considered as crucial to viral spread late in infection. Therefore, pathways and effectors governing this process are promising targets for intervention. To identify these, we established a 3D respiratory tract model where MV transmission by infected dendritic cells (DCs) relied on the presence of nectin-4 on H358 lung epithelial cells. Access to recipient cells is an important prerequisite for transmission, and we therefore analyzed migration of MV-exposed DC cultures within the model. Surprisingly, enhanced motility toward the epithelial layer was observed for MV-infected DCs as compared to their uninfected siblings. This occurred independently of factors released from H358 cells indicating that MV infection triggered cytoskeletal remodeling associated with DC polarization enforced velocity. Accordingly, the latter was also observed for MV-infected DCs in collagen matrices and was particularly sensitive to ROCK inhibition indicating infected DCs preferentially employed the amoeboid migration mode. This was also implicated by loss of podosomes and reduced filopodial activity both of which were retained in MV-exposed uninfected DCs. Evidently, sphingosine kinase (SphK) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) as produced in response to virus-infection in DCs contributed to enhanced velocity because this was abrogated upon inhibition of sphingosine kinase activity. These findings indicate that MV infection promotes a push-and-squeeze fast amoeboid migration mode via the SphK/S1P system characterized by loss of filopodia and podosome dissolution. Consequently, this enables rapid trafficking of virus toward epithelial cells during viral exit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Kurz
- Department for Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lukasz Japtok
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lisa Pilgram
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Steinke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department for Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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25
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Egnatchik RA, Leamy AK, Sacco SA, Cheah YE, Shiota M, Young JD. Glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase activity promotes palmitate lipotoxicity in rat hepatocytes by enhancing anaplerosis and citric acid cycle flux. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:3081-3090. [PMID: 30563841 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte lipotoxicity is characterized by aberrant mitochondrial metabolism, which predisposes cells to oxidative stress and apoptosis. Previously, we reported that translocation of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria of palmitate-treated hepatocytes activates anaplerotic flux from glutamine to α-ketoglutarate (αKG), which subsequently enters the citric acid cycle (CAC) for oxidation. We hypothesized that increased glutamine anaplerosis fuels elevations in CAC flux and oxidative stress following palmitate treatment. To test this hypothesis, primary rat hepatocytes or immortalized H4IIEC3 rat hepatoma cells were treated with lipotoxic levels of palmitate while modulating anaplerotic pathways leading to αKG. We found that culture media supplemented with glutamine, glutamate, or dimethyl-αKG increased palmitate lipotoxicity compared with media that lacked these anaplerotic substrates. Knockdown of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase activity significantly reduced the lipotoxic effects of palmitate, whereas knockdown of glutamate dehydrogenase (Glud1) had no effect on palmitate lipotoxicity. 13C flux analysis of H4IIEC3 cells co-treated with palmitate and the pan-transaminase inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid confirmed that reductions in lipotoxic markers were associated with decreases in anaplerosis, CAC flux, and oxygen consumption. Taken together, these results demonstrate that lipotoxic palmitate treatments enhance anaplerosis in cultured rat hepatocytes, causing a shift to aberrant transaminase metabolism that fuels CAC dysregulation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Masakazu Shiota
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Jamey D Young
- From Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and .,Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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26
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Lipid droplet growth and adipocyte development: mechanistically distinct processes connected by phospholipids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1273-1283. [PMID: 28668300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes is accompanied by the growth and formation of a giant, unilocular lipid droplet (LD). Mechanistically however, LD growth and adipogenesis are two different processes. Recent studies have uncovered a number of proteins that are able to regulate both LD dynamics and adipogenesis, such as SEIPIN, LIPIN and CDP-Diacylglycerol Synthases. It appears that phospholipids, phosphatidic acid in particular, play a critical role in both LD budding/growth and adipocyte development. This review summarizes recent advances, and aims to provide a better understanding of LD growth as well as adipogenesis, two critical aspects in mammalian fat storage. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent Advances in Lipid Droplet Biology edited by Rosalind Coleman and Matthijs Hesselink.
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27
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Rohrbach T, Maceyka M, Spiegel S. Sphingosine kinase and sphingosine-1-phosphate in liver pathobiology. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 52:543-553. [PMID: 28618839 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1337706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over 20 years ago, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was discovered to be a bioactive signaling molecule. Subsequent studies later identified two related kinases, sphingosine kinase 1 and 2, which are responsible for the phosphorylation of sphingosine to S1P. Many stimuli increase sphingosine kinase activity and S1P production and secretion. Outside the cell, S1P can bind to and activate five S1P-specific G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-5) to regulate many important cellular and physiological processes in an autocrine or paracrine manner. S1P is found in high concentrations in the blood where it functions to control vascular integrity and trafficking of lymphocytes. Obesity increases blood S1P levels in humans and mice. With the world wide increase in obesity linked to consumption of high-fat, high-sugar diets, S1P is emerging as an accomplice in liver pathobiology, including acute liver failure, metabolic syndrome, control of blood lipid and glucose homeostasis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and liver fibrosis. Here, we review recent research on the importance of sphingosine kinases, S1P, and S1PRs in liver pathobiology, with a focus on exciting insights for new therapeutic modalities that target S1P signaling axes for a variety of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Rohrbach
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center , VCU School of Medicine , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Michael Maceyka
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center , VCU School of Medicine , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center , VCU School of Medicine , Richmond , VA , USA
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28
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Zhao Y, Cao Q, He Y, Xue Q, Xie L, Yan Y. Impairment of endoplasmic reticulum is involved in β-cell dysfunction induced by microcystin-LR. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 223:587-594. [PMID: 28162804 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) widely distributed in freshwaters have posed a significant risk to human health. Previous studies have demonstrated that exposure to MC-LR impairs pancreatic islet function, however, the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. In the present study, we explored the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) impairment in β-cell dysfunction caused by MC-LR. The result showed that MC-LR modified ER morphology evidenced by increased ER amount and size at low doses (15, 30 or 60 μM) and vacuolar and dilated ER ultrastructure at high doses (100 or 200 μM). Also, insulin content showed increased at 15 or 30 μM but declined at 60, 100, or 200 μM, which was highly accordant with ER morphological alteration. Transcriptomic analysis identified a number of factors and several pathways associated with ER protein processing, ER stress, apoptosis, and diabetes mellitus in the cells treated with MC-LR compared with non-treated cells. Furthermore, MC-LR-induced ER stress significantly promoted the expression of PERK/eIF2α and their downstream targets (ATF4, CHOP, and Gadd34), which indicates that PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway is involved in MC-LR-induced insulin deficiency. These results suggest that ER impairment is an important contributor to MC-LR-caused β-cell failure and provide a new insight into the association between MCs contamination and the occurrence of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Qing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Yaojia He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Qingju Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
| | - Yunjun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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