1
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Pang X, Liu X. Immune Dysregulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:652-694. [PMID: 38573590 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2334296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease whose incidence increase with age and is characterised by chronic inflammation and significant immune dysregulation. Inhalation of toxic substances cause oxidative stress in the lung tissue as well as airway inflammation, under the recruitment of chemokines, immune cells gathered and are activated to play a defensive role. However, persistent inflammation damages the immune system and leads to immune dysregulation, which is mainly manifested in the reduction of the body's immune response to antigens, and immune cells function are impaired, further destroy the respiratory defensive system, leading to recurrent lower respiratory infections and progressive exacerbation of the disease, thus immune dysregulation play an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD. This review summarizes the changes of innate and adaptive immune-related cells during the pathogenesis of COPD, aiming to control COPD airway inflammation and improve lung tissue remodelling by regulating immune dysregulation, for further reducing the risk of COPD progression and opening new avenues of therapeutic intervention in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Pang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Liu
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Hou F, Bian X, Jing D, Gao H, Zhu F. Hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factors and inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2024; 12:goae030. [PMID: 38638288 PMCID: PMC11023819 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Adequate oxygen supply is essential for maintaining the body's normal physiological function. In chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), insufficient oxygen reaching the intestine triggers the regulatory system in response to environmental changes. However, the pathogenesis of IBD is still under investigation. Recent research has highlighted the significant role of hypoxia in IBD, particularly the involvement of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) and their regulatory mechanisms, making them promising therapeutic targets for IBD. This review will delve into the role of hypoxia, HIF, and the associated hypoxia-inflammatory microenvironment in the context of IBD. Potential interventions for addressing these challenging gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases will also be discussed within this framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hou
- Department of Critical Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xixi Bian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P. R. China
- Clinical Medical College of Jining Medical University, Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dehuai Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Huikuan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fengqin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P. R. China
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3
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Tregub PP, Kulikov VP, Ibrahimli I, Tregub OF, Volodkin AV, Ignatyuk MA, Kostin AA, Atiakshin DA. Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroprotection after the Intermittent Exposures of Hypercapnic Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3665. [PMID: 38612476 PMCID: PMC11011936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The review introduces the stages of formation and experimental confirmation of the hypothesis regarding the mutual potentiation of neuroprotective effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia during their combined influence (hypercapnic hypoxia). The main focus is on the mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the formation of ischemic tolerance in the brain during intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia. Importantly, the combined effect of hypoxia and hypercapnia exerts a more pronounced neuroprotective effect compared to their separate application. Some signaling systems are associated with the predominance of the hypoxic stimulus (HIF-1α, A1 receptors), while others (NF-κB, antioxidant activity, inhibition of apoptosis, maintenance of selective blood-brain barrier permeability) are mainly modulated by hypercapnia. Most of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the formation of brain tolerance to ischemia are due to the contribution of both excess carbon dioxide and oxygen deficiency (ATP-dependent potassium channels, chaperones, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial metabolism reprogramming). Overall, experimental studies indicate the dominance of hypercapnia in the neuroprotective effect of its combined action with hypoxia. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of hypercapnic-hypoxic training in the treatment of childhood cerebral palsy and diabetic polyneuropathy in children. Combining hypercapnic hypoxia with pharmacological modulators of neuro/cardio/cytoprotection signaling pathways is likely to be promising for translating experimental research into clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel P. Tregub
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific and Educational Resource Center “Innovative Technologies of Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis”, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.V.); (M.A.I.); (A.A.K.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Vladimir P. Kulikov
- Department of Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics, Altay State Medical University, 656040 Barnaul, Russia;
| | - Irada Ibrahimli
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Artem V. Volodkin
- Scientific and Educational Resource Center “Innovative Technologies of Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis”, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.V.); (M.A.I.); (A.A.K.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Michael A. Ignatyuk
- Scientific and Educational Resource Center “Innovative Technologies of Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis”, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.V.); (M.A.I.); (A.A.K.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Andrey A. Kostin
- Scientific and Educational Resource Center “Innovative Technologies of Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis”, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.V.); (M.A.I.); (A.A.K.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Dmitrii A. Atiakshin
- Scientific and Educational Resource Center “Innovative Technologies of Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis”, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.V.); (M.A.I.); (A.A.K.); (D.A.A.)
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4
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Phelan DE, Reddan B, Shigemura M, Sznajder JI, Crean D, Cummins EP. Orphan Nuclear Receptor Family 4A (NR4A) Members NR4A2 and NR4A3 Selectively Modulate Elements of the Monocyte Response to Buffered Hypercapnia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2852. [PMID: 38474099 PMCID: PMC10931687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypercapnia occurs when the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood exceeds 45 mmHg. Hypercapnia is associated with several lung pathologies and is transcriptionally linked to suppression of immune and inflammatory signalling through poorly understood mechanisms. Here we propose Orphan Nuclear Receptor Family 4A (NR4A) family members NR4A2 and NR4A3 as potential transcriptional regulators of the cellular response to hypercapnia in monocytes. Using a THP-1 monocyte model, we investigated the sensitivity of NR4A family members to CO2 and the impact of depleting NR4A2 and NR4A3 on the monocyte response to buffered hypercapnia (10% CO2) using RNA-sequencing. We observed that NR4A2 and NR4A3 are CO2-sensitive transcription factors and that depletion of NR4A2 and NR4A3 led to reduced CO2-sensitivity of mitochondrial and heat shock protein (Hsp)-related genes, respectively. Several CO2-sensitive genes were, however, refractory to depletion of NR4A2 and NR4A3, indicating that NR4As regulate certain elements of the cellular response to buffered hypercapnia but that other transcription factors also contribute. Bioinformatic analysis of conserved CO2-sensitive genes implicated several novel putative CO2-sensitive transcription factors, of which the ETS Proto-Oncogene 1 Transcription Factor (ETS-1) was validated to show increased nuclear expression in buffered hypercapnia. These data give significant insights into the understanding of immune responses in patients experiencing hypercapnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Phelan
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland (B.R.)
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ben Reddan
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland (B.R.)
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Masahiko Shigemura
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Jacob I. Sznajder
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Daniel Crean
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eoin P. Cummins
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland (B.R.)
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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5
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Moris JM, Cardona A, Hinckley B, Mendez A, Blades A, Paidisetty VK, Chang CJ, Curtis R, Allen K, Koh Y. A framework of transient hypercapnia to achieve an increased cerebral blood flow induced by nasal breathing during aerobic exercise. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 5:100183. [PMID: 37745894 PMCID: PMC10514094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2023.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
During exercise, cerebral blood flow (CBF) is expected to only increase to a maximal volume up to a moderate intensity aerobic effort, suggesting that CBF is expected to decline past 70 % of a maximal aerobic effort. Increasing CBF during exercise permits an increased cerebral metabolic activity that stimulates neuroplasticity and other key processes of cerebral adaptations that ultimately improve cognitive health. Recent work has focused on utilizing gas-induced exposure to intermittent hypoxia during aerobic exercise to maximize the improvements in cognitive function compared to those seen under normoxic conditions. However, it is postulated that exercising by isolating breathing only to the nasal route may provide a similar effect by stimulating a transient hypercapnic condition that is non-gas dependent. Because nasal breathing prevents hyperventilation during exercise, it promotes an increase in the partial arterial pressure of CO2. The rise in systemic CO2 stimulates hypercapnia and permits the upregulation of hypoxia-related genes. In addition, the rise in systemic CO2 stimulates cerebral vasodilation, promoting a greater increase in CBF than seen during normoxic conditions. While more research is warranted, nasal breathing might also promote benefits related to improved sleep, greater immunity, and body fat loss. Altogether, this narrative review presents a theoretical framework by which exercise-induced hypercapnia by utilizing nasal breathing during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise may promote greater health adaptations and cognitive improvements than utilizing oronasal breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Moris
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97313, 1312 S. 5th St., Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Arturo Cardona
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97313, 1312 S. 5th St., Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Brendan Hinckley
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97313, 1312 S. 5th St., Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Armando Mendez
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97313, 1312 S. 5th St., Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Alexandra Blades
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97313, 1312 S. 5th St., Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Vineet K. Paidisetty
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97313, 1312 S. 5th St., Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Christian J. Chang
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97313, 1312 S. 5th St., Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Ryan Curtis
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97313, 1312 S. 5th St., Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Kylie Allen
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97313, 1312 S. 5th St., Waco, TX 76798, United States
| | - Yunsuk Koh
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97313, 1312 S. 5th St., Waco, TX 76798, United States
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6
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Rivers RJ, Meininger CJ. The Tissue Response to Hypoxia: How Therapeutic Carbon Dioxide Moves the Response toward Homeostasis and Away from Instability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065181. [PMID: 36982254 PMCID: PMC10048965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained tissue hypoxia is associated with many pathophysiological conditions, including chronic inflammation, chronic wounds, slow-healing fractures, microvascular complications of diabetes, and metastatic spread of tumors. This extended deficiency of oxygen (O2) in the tissue sets creates a microenvironment that supports inflammation and initiates cell survival paradigms. Elevating tissue carbon dioxide levels (CO2) pushes the tissue environment toward "thrive mode," bringing increased blood flow, added O2, reduced inflammation, and enhanced angiogenesis. This review presents the science supporting the clinical benefits observed with the administration of therapeutic CO2. It also presents the current knowledge regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the biological effects of CO2 therapy. The most notable findings of the review include (a) CO2 activates angiogenesis not mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1a, (b) CO2 is strongly anti-inflammatory, (c) CO2 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis, and (d) CO2 can stimulate the same pathways as exercise and thereby, acts as a critical mediator in the biological response of skeletal muscle to tissue hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Rivers
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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7
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Ngan VTT, Chiou PY, Ilhami FB, Bayle EA, Shieh YT, Chuang WT, Chen JK, Lai JY, Cheng CC. A CO 2-Responsive Imidazole-Functionalized Fluorescent Material Mediates Cancer Chemotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020354. [PMID: 36839677 PMCID: PMC9959563 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a breakthrough in the synthesis and development of functional gas-responsive materials as highly potent anticancer agents suitable for applications in cancer treatment. Herein, we successfully synthesised a stimuli-responsive multifunctional material (I-R6G) consisting of a carbon dioxide (CO2)-sensitive imidazole moiety and spirolactam-containing conjugated rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecule. The resulting I-R6G is highly hydrophobic and non- or weakly fluorescent. Simple CO2 bubbling treatment induces hydrophobic I-R6G to completely dissolve in water and subsequently form self-assembled nanoparticles, which exhibit unique optical absorption and fluorescence behaviours in water and extremely low haemolytic ability against sheep red blood cells. Reversibility testing indicated that I-R6G undergoes reversible CO2/nitrogen (N2)-dependent stimulation in water, as its structural and physical properties can be reversibly and stably switched by alternating cycles of CO2 and N2 bubbling. Importantly, in vitro cellular assays clearly demonstrated that the CO2-protonated imidazole moiety promotes rapid internalisation of CO2-treated I-R6G into cancer cells, which subsequently induces massive levels of necrotic cell death. In contrast, CO2-treated I-R6G was not internalised and did not affect the viability of normal cells. Therefore, this newly created system may provide an innovative and efficient route to remarkably improve the selectivity, safety and efficacy of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Thuy Thien Ngan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Fasih Bintang Ilhami
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Enyew Alemayehu Bayle
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Tarng Shieh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tsung Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Juin-Yih Lai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
- Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
- R & D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chungli, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
- Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Elhossaini H, Hamad M, Irhimeh MR, Nakhla S, Rajarathnam GP, Abbas A. Combined hypoxia hypercapnia delays apoptosis and maintains CD34 cell surface antigen. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Cellular hypoxia occurs when the demand for sufficient molecular oxygen needed to produce the levels of ATP required to perform physiological functions exceeds the vascular supply, thereby leading to a state of oxygen depletion with the associated risk of bioenergetic crisis. To protect against the threat of hypoxia, eukaryotic cells have evolved the capacity to elicit oxygen-sensitive adaptive transcriptional responses driven primarily (although not exclusively) by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. In addition to the canonical regulation of HIF by oxygen-dependent hydroxylases, multiple other input signals, including gasotransmitters, non-coding RNAs, histone modifiers and post-translational modifications, modulate the nature of the HIF response in discreet cell types and contexts. Activation of HIF induces various effector pathways that mitigate the effects of hypoxia, including metabolic reprogramming and the production of erythropoietin. Drugs that target the HIF pathway to induce erythropoietin production are now approved for the treatment of chronic kidney disease-related anaemia. However, HIF-dependent changes in cell metabolism also have profound implications for functional responses in innate and adaptive immune cells, and thereby heavily influence immunity and the inflammatory response. Preclinical studies indicate a potential use of HIF therapeutics to treat inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Understanding the links between HIF, cellular metabolism and immunity is key to unlocking the full therapeutic potential of drugs that target the HIF pathway. Hypoxia-dependent changes in cellular metabolism have important implications for the effective functioning of multiple immune cell subtypes. This Review describes the inputs that shape the hypoxic response in individual cell types and contexts, and the implications of this response for cellular metabolism and associated alterations in immune cell function. Hypoxia is a common feature of particular microenvironments and at sites of immunity and inflammation, resulting in increased activity of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). In addition to hypoxia, multiple inputs modulate the activity of the HIF pathway, allowing nuanced downstream responses in discreet cell types and contexts. HIF-dependent changes in cellular metabolism mitigate the effects of hypoxia and ensure that energy needs are met under conditions in which oxidative phosphorylation is reduced. HIF-dependent changes in metabolism also profoundly affect the phenotype and function of immune cells. The immunometabolic effects of HIF have important implications for targeting the HIF pathway in inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine, The Conway Institute & Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Carsten C Scholz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Guo CL. Self-Sustained Regulation or Self-Perpetuating Dysregulation: ROS-dependent HIF-YAP-Notch Signaling as a Double-Edged Sword on Stem Cell Physiology and Tumorigenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862791. [PMID: 35774228 PMCID: PMC9237464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ development, homeostasis, and repair often rely on bidirectional, self-organized cell-niche interactions, through which cells select cell fate, such as stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The niche contains multiplexed chemical and mechanical factors. How cells interpret niche structural information such as the 3D topology of organs and integrate with multiplexed mechano-chemical signals is an open and active research field. Among all the niche factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have recently gained growing interest. Once considered harmful, ROS are now recognized as an important niche factor in the regulation of tissue mechanics and topology through, for example, the HIF-YAP-Notch signaling pathways. These pathways are not only involved in the regulation of stem cell physiology but also associated with inflammation, neurological disorder, aging, tumorigenesis, and the regulation of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1. Positive feedback circuits have been identified in the interplay of ROS and HIF-YAP-Notch signaling, leading to the possibility that under aberrant conditions, self-organized, ROS-dependent physiological regulations can be switched to self-perpetuating dysregulation, making ROS a double-edged sword at the interface of stem cell physiology and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on how ROS and tissue mechanics affect YAP-HIF-Notch-PD-L1 signaling, hoping that the knowledge can be used to design strategies for stem cell-based and ROS-targeting therapy and tissue engineering.
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11
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The battle for oxygen during bacterial and fungal infections. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:643-653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kurt A, Altındal EU. Choroidal Thickness Changes in Healthcare Professionals Wearing Surgical Masks or FFP2 Masks: Pilot Study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102608. [PMID: 34732376 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the choroidal thickness (CT) with enhanced depth-imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) in healthcare professionals using surgical masks or FFP2 (N95) masks. METHODS We included the 120 eyes of 120 healthy volunteers who were using a surgical mask (Group 1) or FFP2 mask (Group 2) in the study. Spectral domain (SD) OCT was used to measure CT. EDI-OCT was used to measure subfoveal and perifoveal CT. Points 1500 μm nasal (CN1500) and temporal (CT1500) to the foveal center were used to measure perifoveal CT. Oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured with a pulse oximeter. All measurements were performed at 8:30, before wearing the mask, and at 12:30, when the mask was removed for the lunch break. RESULTS Of a total of 120 subjects, Group 1 consisted of 60 subjects (mean age 38.50±8.60 (range 24-44) years) and Group 2 also consisted of 60 subjects (mean age 36.60±6.53 (range 26-45) years). Although not statistically significant, CT was seen to have increased at 3 measurement points in Group 1 after using the mask for 4 hours: subfoveal CT (CSF) (p=0.545), CT1500 (p=0.080), and CN1500 (p=0.251)). In Group 2, the increase in CSF (p=0.001) was statistically significant while the increases in CN1500 and CT1500 were not (p=0.162 and p=0.058, respectively) after using the mask for 4 hours. CONCLUSION We found CT to increase after 4 hours of mask use, and this increase was more marked in Group 2. The increase in subfoveal CT in particular was statistically significant in Group 2.
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Key Words
- ASTM, American Society for Testing and Materials
- AXL, Axial length
- Acronyms: FFP, Filtering facepiece
- BCVA, Best-corrected visual acuity
- BFE, Bacterial Filtration Efficiency
- BMI, Body mass index
- CO(2), Carbon dioxide
- CT, Choroidal thickness
- Choroidal thickness
- EDI-OCT, Enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography
- Enhanced depth imaging
- FFP2 mask
- FFR, Filtering facepiece respirators
- HIF, Hypoxia-induced factor
- IOP, Intraocular pressure
- O(2), Oxygen
- OCTA, Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
- Optical coherence tomography
- PCO(2), Carbon dioxide pressure
- PFE, Particle Filter Efficiency
- RPE, Retinal pigment epithelium
- SD, Standard deviation
- SE, Spherical equivalent
- SpO(2), Oxygen saturation
- Surgical mask
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kurt
- Private Anamur Anamed Hospital, Ophthalmology Department, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Emin Utku Altındal
- Medical doctor, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Education and Research Hospital, Ophthalmology Department, Antalya, Turkey.
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Zhang S, Yang Y, Liu S, Dong R, Qian Z. Influence of the Hypercapnic Tumor Microenvironment on the Viability of Hela Cells Screened by a CO 2-Gradient-Generating Device. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26773-26781. [PMID: 34661031 PMCID: PMC8515822 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels outside of the physiological range are frequently encountered in the tumor microenvironment and laparoscopic pneumoperitoneum during clinical cancer therapy. Controversies exist regarding the biological effects of hypercapnia on tumor proliferation and metastasis concerning time frame, CO2 concentration, and cell type. Traditional control of gaseous microenvironments for cell growth is conducted using culture chambers that allow for a single gas concentration at a time. In the present paper, Hela cells were studied for their response to varying levels of CO2 in an aerogel-based gas gradient-generating apparatus capable of delivering a stable and quantitative linear CO2 profile in spatial and temporal domains. Cells cultured in the standard 96-well plate sandwiched in between the device were interfaced with the gas gradient generator, and the cells in each row were exposed to a known level of CO2 accordingly. Both the ratiometric pH indicator and theoretical modeling have confirmed the efficient mass transport of CO2 through the air-permeable aerogel monolith in a short period of time. Tumor cell behaviors in various hypercapnic microenvironments with gradient CO2 concentrations ranging from 12 to 89% were determined in terms of viability, morphology, and mitochondrial metabolism under acute exposure for 3 h and over a longer cultivation period for up to 72 h. A significant reduction in cell viability was noticed with increasing CO2 concentration and incubation time, which was closely associated with intracellular acidification and elevated cellular level of reactive oxygen species. Our modular device demonstrated full adaptability to the standard culture systems and high-throughput instruments, which provide the potential for simultaneously screening the responses of cells under tunable gaseous microenvironments.
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14
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Linthwaite VL, Pawloski W, Pegg HB, Townsend PD, Thomas MJ, So VKH, Brown AP, Hodgson DRW, Lorimer GH, Fushman D, Cann MJ. Ubiquitin is a carbon dioxide-binding protein. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi5507. [PMID: 34559559 PMCID: PMC8462908 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi5507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The identification of CO2-binding proteins is crucial to understanding CO2-regulated molecular processes. CO2 can form a reversible posttranslational modification through carbamylation of neutral N-terminal α-amino or lysine ε-amino groups. We have previously developed triethyloxonium (TEO) ion as a chemical proteomics tool for covalent trapping of carbamates, and here, we deploy TEO to identify ubiquitin as a mammalian CO2-binding protein. We use 13C-NMR spectroscopy to demonstrate that CO2 forms carbamates on the ubiquitin N terminus and ε-amino groups of lysines 6, 33, 48, and 63. We demonstrate that biologically relevant pCO2 levels reduce ubiquitin conjugation at lysine-48 and down-regulate ubiquitin-dependent NF-κB pathway activation. Our results show that ubiquitin is a CO2-binding protein and demonstrates carbamylation as a viable mechanism by which mammalian cells can respond to fluctuating pCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wes Pawloski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Organization, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hamish B. Pegg
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | | | - Victor K. H. So
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Adrian P. Brown
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - David R. W. Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - George H. Lorimer
- Biophysics Program, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - David Fushman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Organization, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Martin J. Cann
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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15
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Phelan DE, Mota C, Lai C, Kierans SJ, Cummins EP. Carbon dioxide-dependent signal transduction in mammalian systems. Interface Focus 2021; 11:20200033. [PMID: 33633832 PMCID: PMC7898142 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2020.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a fundamental physiological gas known to profoundly influence the behaviour and health of millions of species within the plant and animal kingdoms in particular. A recent Royal Society meeting on the topic of 'Carbon dioxide detection in biological systems' was extremely revealing in terms of the multitude of roles that different levels of CO2 play in influencing plants and animals alike. While outstanding research has been performed by leading researchers in the area of plant biology, neuronal sensing, cell signalling, gas transport, inflammation, lung function and clinical medicine, there is still much to be learned about CO2-dependent sensing and signalling. Notably, while several key signal transduction pathways and nodes of activity have been identified in plants and animals respectively, the precise wiring and sensitivity of these pathways to CO2 remains to be fully elucidated. In this article, we will give an overview of the literature relating to CO2-dependent signal transduction in mammalian systems. We will highlight the main signal transduction hubs through which CO2-dependent signalling is elicited with a view to better understanding the complex physiological response to CO2 in mammalian systems. The main topics of discussion in this article relate to how changes in CO2 influence cellular function through modulation of signal transduction networks influenced by pH, mitochondrial function, adenylate cyclase, calcium, transcriptional regulators, the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway and direct CO2-dependent protein modifications. While each of these topics will be discussed independently, there is evidence of significant cross-talk between these signal transduction pathways as they respond to changes in CO2. In considering these core hubs of CO2-dependent signal transduction, we hope to delineate common elements and identify areas in which future research could be best directed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. E. Phelan
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - C. Mota
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - C. Lai
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S. J. Kierans
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - E. P. Cummins
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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16
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Masterson C, Horie S, McCarthy SD, Gonzalez H, Byrnes D, Brady J, Fandiño J, Laffey JG, O'Toole D. Hypercapnia in the critically ill: insights from the bench to the bedside. Interface Focus 2021; 11:20200032. [PMID: 33628425 PMCID: PMC7898152 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2020.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) has long been considered, at best, a waste by-product of metabolism, and at worst, a toxic molecule with serious health consequences if physiological concentration is dysregulated. However, clinical observations have revealed that 'permissive' hypercapnia, the deliberate allowance of respiratory produced CO2 to remain in the patient, can have anti-inflammatory effects that may be beneficial in certain circumstances. In parallel, studies at the cell level have demonstrated the profound effect of CO2 on multiple diverse signalling pathways, be it the effect from CO2 itself specifically or from the associated acidosis it generates. At the whole organism level, it now appears likely that there are many biological sensing systems designed to respond to CO2 concentration and tailor respiratory and other responses to atmospheric or local levels. Animal models have been widely employed to study the changes in CO2 levels in various disease states and also to what extent permissive or even directly delivered CO2 can affect patient outcome. These findings have been advanced to the bedside at the same time that further clinical observations have been elucidated at the cell and animal level. Here we present a synopsis of the current understanding of how CO2 affects mammalian biological systems, with a particular emphasis on inflammatory pathways and diseases such as lung specific or systemic sepsis. We also explore some future directions and possibilities, such as direct control of blood CO2 levels, that could lead to improved clinical care in the future.
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17
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Wanandi SI, Arumsari S, Afitriansyah E, Syahrani RA, Dewantara IR, Nurachman LA, Amin IF, Haryono PD, Budiman K, Sugiharta AJ, Remedika AA, Tafikulhakim FH, Iswanti FC, Lee JY, Banerjee D. Elevated extracellular CO 2 level affects the adaptive transcriptional response and survival of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells toward hypoxia and oxidative stress. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2021. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.oa.203810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High carbon dioxide (CO2) level from indoor environments, such as classrooms and offices, might cause sick building syndrome. Excessive indoor CO2 level increases CO2 level in the blood, and over-accumulation of CO2 induces an adaptive response that requires modulation of gene expression. This study aimed to investigate the adaptive transcriptional response toward hypoxia and oxidative stress in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to elevated CO2 level in vitro and its association with cell viability.
METHODS PBMCs were treated in 5% CO2 and 15% CO2, representatives a high CO₂ level condition for 24 and 48 hours. Extracellular pH (pHe) was measured with a pH meter. The levels of reactive oxygen species were determined by measuring superoxide and hydrogen peroxide with dihydroethidium and dichlorofluorescin-diacetate assay. The mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, HIF-2α, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) were analyzed using a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell survival was determined by measuring cell viability.
RESULTS pHe increased in 24 hours after 15% CO₂ treatment, and then decreased in 48 hours. Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide levels increased after the 24- and 48-hour of high CO₂ level condition. The expression levels of NF-κB, MnSOD, HIF-1α, and HIF-2α decreased in 24 hours and increased in 48 hours. The increased antioxidant mRNA expression in 48 hours showed that the PBMCs were responsive under high CO2 conditions. Elevated CO2 suppressed cell viability significantly in 48 hours.
CONCLUSIONS After 48 hours of high CO₂ level condition, PBMCs showed an upregulation in genes related to hypoxia and oxidative stress to overcome the effects of CO2 elevation.
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18
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Chen Y, Gaber T. Hypoxia/HIF Modulates Immune Responses. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030260. [PMID: 33808042 PMCID: PMC8000289 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen availability varies throughout the human body in health and disease. Under physiological conditions, oxygen availability drops from the lungs over the blood stream towards the different tissues into the cells and the mitochondrial cavities leading to physiological low oxygen conditions or physiological hypoxia in all organs including primary lymphoid organs. Moreover, immune cells travel throughout the body searching for damaged cells and foreign antigens facing a variety of oxygen levels. Consequently, physiological hypoxia impacts immune cell function finally controlling innate and adaptive immune response mainly by transcriptional regulation via hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Under pathophysiological conditions such as found in inflammation, injury, infection, ischemia and cancer, severe hypoxia can alter immune cells leading to dysfunctional immune response finally leading to tissue damage, cancer progression and autoimmunity. Here we summarize the effects of physiological and pathophysiological hypoxia on innate and adaptive immune activity, we provide an overview on the control of immune response by cellular hypoxia-induced pathways with focus on the role of HIFs and discuss the opportunity to target hypoxia-sensitive pathways for the treatment of cancer and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Chen
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Ember of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Timo Gaber
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Ember of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-513364
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19
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Mylonis I, Chachami G, Simos G. Specific Inhibition of HIF Activity: Can Peptides Lead the Way? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030410. [PMID: 33499237 PMCID: PMC7865418 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cells in solid tumors often experience lack of oxygen (hypoxia), which they overcome with the help of hypoxia inducible transcription factors (HIFs). When HIFs are activated, they stimulate the expression of many genes and cause the production of proteins that help cancer cells grow and migrate even in the presence of very little oxygen. Many experiments have shown that agents that block the activity of HIFs (HIF inhibitors) can prevent growth of cancer cells under hypoxia and, subsequently, hinder formation of malignant tumors or metastases. Most small chemical HIF inhibitors lack the selectivity required for development of safe anticancer drugs. On the other hand, peptides derived from HIFs themselves can be very selective HIF inhibitors by disrupting specific associations of HIFs with cellular components that are essential for HIF activation. This review discusses the nature of available peptide HIF inhibitors and their prospects as effective pharmaceuticals against cancer. Abstract Reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia) is a characteristic of many disorders including cancer. Central components of the systemic and cellular response to hypoxia are the Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs), a small family of heterodimeric transcription factors that directly or indirectly regulate the expression of hundreds of genes, the products of which mediate adaptive changes in processes that include metabolism, erythropoiesis, and angiogenesis. The overexpression of HIFs has been linked to the pathogenesis and progression of cancer. Moreover, evidence from cellular and animal models have convincingly shown that targeting HIFs represents a valid approach to treat hypoxia-related disorders. However, targeting transcription factors with small molecules is a very demanding task and development of HIF inhibitors with specificity and therapeutic potential has largely remained an unattainable challenge. Another promising approach to inhibit HIFs is to use peptides modelled after HIF subunit domains known to be involved in protein–protein interactions that are critical for HIF function. Introduction of these peptides into cells can inhibit, through competition, the activity of endogenous HIFs in a sequence and, therefore also isoform, specific manner. This review summarizes the involvement of HIFs in cancer and the approaches for targeting them, with a special focus on the development of peptide HIF inhibitors and their prospects as highly-specific pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Mylonis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Georgia Chachami
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - George Simos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (G.S.)
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20
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Shigemura M, Welch LC, Sznajder JI. Hypercapnia Regulates Gene Expression and Tissue Function. Front Physiol 2020; 11:598122. [PMID: 33329047 PMCID: PMC7715027 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.598122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced in eukaryotic cells primarily during aerobic respiration, resulting in higher CO2 levels in mammalian tissues than those in the atmosphere. CO2 like other gaseous molecules such as oxygen and nitric oxide, is sensed by cells and contributes to cellular and organismal physiology. In humans, elevation of CO2 levels in tissues and the bloodstream (hypercapnia) occurs during impaired alveolar gas exchange in patients with severe acute and chronic lung diseases. Advances in understanding of the biology of high CO2 effects reveal that the changes in CO2 levels are sensed in cells resulting in specific tissue responses. There is accumulating evidence on the transcriptional response to elevated CO2 levels that alters gene expression and activates signaling pathways with consequences for cellular and tissue functions. The nature of hypercapnia-responsive transcriptional regulation is an emerging area of research, as the responses to hypercapnia in different cell types, tissues, and species are not fully understood. Here, we review the current understanding of hypercapnia effects on gene transcription and consequent cellular and tissue functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Shigemura
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lynn C Welch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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21
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Pasupneti S, Tian W, Tu AB, Dahms P, Granucci E, Gandjeva A, Xiang M, Butcher EC, Semenza GL, Tuder RM, Jiang X, Nicolls MR. Endothelial HIF-2α as a Key Endogenous Mediator Preventing Emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:983-995. [PMID: 32515984 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202001-0078oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Endothelial injury may provoke emphysema, but molecular pathways of disease development require further discernment. Emphysematous lungs exhibit decreased expression of HIF-2α (hypoxia-inducible factor-2α)-regulated genes, and tobacco smoke decreases pulmonary HIF-2α concentrations. These findings suggest that decreased HIF-2α expression is important in the development of emphysema.Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the roles of endothelial-cell (EC) HIF-2α in the pathogenesis of emphysema in mice.Methods: Mouse lungs were examined for emphysema after either the loss or the overexpression of EC Hif-2α. In addition, SU5416, a VEGFR2 inhibitor, was used to induce emphysema. Lungs were evaluated for HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), a protein involved in alveolar development and homeostasis. Lungs from patients with emphysema were measured for endothelial HIF-2α expression.Measurements and Main Results: EC Hif-2α deletion resulted in emphysema in association with fewer ECs and pericytes. After SU5416 exposure, EC Hif-2α-knockout mice developed more severe emphysema, whereas EC Hif-2α-overexpressing mice were protected. EC Hif-2α-knockout mice demonstrated lower levels of HGF. Human emphysema lung samples exhibited reduced EC HIF-2α expression.Conclusions: Here, we demonstrate a unique protective role for pulmonary endothelial HIF-2α and how decreased expression of this endogenous factor causes emphysema; its pivotal protective function is suggested by its ability to overcome VEGF antagonism. HIF-2α may maintain alveolar architecture by promoting vascular survival and associated HGF production. In summary, HIF-2α may be a key endogenous factor that prevents the development of emphysema, and its upregulation has the potential to foster lung health in at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravani Pasupneti
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Wen Tian
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Allen B Tu
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Petra Dahms
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Eric Granucci
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Aneta Gandjeva
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Colorado; and
| | - Menglan Xiang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Gregg L Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Genetic Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Medicine.,Department of Oncology.,Department of Radiation Oncology, and.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Colorado; and
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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22
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Tregub PP, Malinovskaya NA, Morgun AV, Osipova ED, Kulikov VP, Kuzovkov DA, Kovzelev PD. Hypercapnia potentiates HIF-1α activation in the brain of rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 278:103442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Singhal R, Shah YM. Oxygen battle in the gut: Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in metabolic and inflammatory responses in the intestine. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10493-10505. [PMID: 32503843 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a highly proliferative and regenerative tissue. The intestine also harbors a large and diverse microbial population collectively called the gut microbiome (microbiota). The microbiome-intestine cross-talk includes a dynamic exchange of gaseous signaling mediators generated by bacterial and intestinal metabolisms. Moreover, the microbiome initiates and maintains the hypoxic environment of the intestine that is critical for nutrient absorption, intestinal barrier function, and innate and adaptive immune responses in the mucosal cells of the intestine. The response to hypoxia is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). In hypoxic conditions, the HIF activation regulates the expression of a cohort of genes that promote adaptation to hypoxia. Physiologically, HIF-dependent genes contribute to the aforementioned maintenance of epithelial barrier function, nutrient absorption, and immune regulation. However, chronic HIF activation exacerbates disease conditions, leading to intestinal injury, inflammation, and colorectal cancer. In this review, we aim to outline the major roles of physiological and pathological hypoxic conditions in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and in the onset and progression of disease with a major focus on understanding the complex pathophysiology of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Singhal
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA .,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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24
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Vito A, El-Sayes N, Mossman K. Hypoxia-Driven Immune Escape in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cells 2020; 9:E992. [PMID: 32316260 PMCID: PMC7227025 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem comprised of many different cell types, abnormal vasculature and immunosuppressive cytokines. The irregular growth kinetics with which tumors grow leads to increased oxygen consumption and, in turn, hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia has been associated with poor clinical outcome, increased tumor heterogeneity, emergence of resistant clones and evasion of immune detection. Additionally, hypoxia-driven cell death pathways have traditionally been thought of as tolerogenic processes. However, as researchers working in the field of immunotherapy continue to investigate and unveil new types of immunogenic cell death (ICD), it has become clear that, in some instances, hypoxia may actually induce ICD within a tumor. In this review, we will discuss hypoxia-driven immune escape that drives poor prognostic outcomes, the ability of hypoxia to induce ICD and potential therapeutic targets amongst hypoxia pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Vito
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.V.); (N.E.-S.)
| | - Nader El-Sayes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.V.); (N.E.-S.)
| | - Karen Mossman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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25
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Peppicelli S, Andreucci E, Ruzzolini J, Bianchini F, Calorini L. FDG uptake in cancer: a continuing debate. Theranostics 2020; 10:2944-2948. [PMID: 32194847 PMCID: PMC7053207 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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26
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Machado M, Arenas F, Svendsen JC, Azeredo R, Pfeifer LJ, Wilson JM, Costas B. Effects of Water Acidification on Senegalese Sole Solea senegalensis Health Status and Metabolic Rate: Implications for Immune Responses and Energy Use. Front Physiol 2020; 11:26. [PMID: 32082190 PMCID: PMC7005922 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing water CO2, aquatic hypercapnia, leads to higher physiological pCO2 levels in fish, resulting in an acidosis and compensatory acid-base regulatory response. Senegalese sole is currently farmed in super-intensive recirculating water systems where significant accumulation of CO2 in the water may occur. Moreover, anthropogenic releases of CO2 into the atmosphere are linked to ocean acidification. The present study was designed to assess the effects of acute (4 and 24 h) and prolonged exposure (4 weeks) to CO2 driven acidification (i.e., pH 7.9, 7.6, and 7.3) from normocapnic seawater (pH 8.1) on the innate immune status, gill acid-base ion transporter expression and metabolic rate of juvenile Senegalese sole. The acute exposure to severe hypercapnia clearly affected gill physiology as observed by an increase of NHE3b positive ionocytes and a decrease of cell shape factor. Nonetheless only small physiological adjustments were observed at the systemic level with (1) a modulation of both plasma and skin humoral parameters and (2) an increased expression of HIF-1 expression pointing to an adjustment to the acidic environment even after a short period (i.e., hours). On the other hand, upon prolonged exposure, the expression of several pro-inflammatory and stress related genes was amplified and gill cell shape factor was aggravated with the continued increase of NHE3b positive ionocytes, ultimately impacting fish growth. While these findings indicate limited effects on energy use, deteriorating immune system conditions suggest that Senegalese sole is vulnerable to changes in CO2 and may be affected in aquaculture where a pH drop is more prominent. Further studies are required to investigate how larval and adult Senegalese sole are affected by changes in CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Arenas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jon C Svendsen
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.,National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Rita Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Louis J Pfeifer
- Biology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Wilson
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Biology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Makanyengo SO, Carroll GM, Goggins BJ, Smith SR, Pockney PG, Keely S. Systematic Review on the Influence of Tissue Oxygenation on Gut Microbiota and Anastomotic Healing. J Surg Res 2020; 249:186-196. [PMID: 31986361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anastomotic leak rates have not improved over several decades despite improvements in surgical techniques and patient care. The gut microbiome has been implicated in the development of leaks. The exact mechanisms by which tissue oxygenation affects gut microbial composition and anastomotic healing physiology are unclear. Also, commonly used carbon dioxide (CO2) is a known vasodilator that improves tissue oxygen tension. We performed a systematic review to determine the influence of hyperoxia, hypoxia, and hypercapnia on the gut microbiome and anastomotic healing. METHODS A literature search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and COCHRANE to identify studies investigating the effects of hyperoxia, hypoxia, and hypercapnia on anastomotic healing and gut microbiota published between 1998 and 2018. Two reviewers screened the articles for eligibility and quality. Fifty-three articles underwent full text review, and a narrative synthesis was undertaken. RESULTS Hyperoxia is associated with better anastomotic healing, increased gastrointestinal oxygen tension, and may reduce gut anaerobes. Hypoxia is associated with poor healing and increased gut anaerobes. However, it is unclear if hypoxia is the most important predictor of anastomotic leaks. Low pressure CO2 pneumoperitoneum and mild systemic hypercapnia are both associated with increased gastrointestinal oxygen tension and may improve anastomotic healing. We found no studies which investigated the effect of hypercapnia on gut microbiota in the context of anastomotic healing. CONCLUSIONS Tissue oxygenation influences gut anastomotic healing, but little evidence exists to demonstrate the influence on the gut microbiome in the context of healing. Further studies are needed to determine if anastomotic microbiome changes with altered tissue oxygenation and if this affects healing and leak rates. If confirmed, altering tissue oxygenation through hyperoxia or hypercapnia could be feasible means of altering the microbiome such that anastomotic leak rates reduce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samwel O Makanyengo
- Department of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.
| | - Georgia M Carroll
- Department of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bridie J Goggins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Stephen R Smith
- Department of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter G Pockney
- Department of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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28
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Cummins EP, Strowitzki MJ, Taylor CT. Mechanisms and Consequences of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Sensing in Mammals. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:463-488. [PMID: 31539306 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the primary gaseous substrate and product of oxidative phosphorylation in respiring organisms, respectively. Variance in the levels of either of these gasses outside of the physiological range presents a serious threat to cell, tissue, and organism survival. Therefore, it is essential that endogenous levels are monitored and kept at appropriate concentrations to maintain a state of homeostasis. Higher organisms such as mammals have evolved mechanisms to sense O2 and CO2 both in the circulation and in individual cells and elicit appropriate corrective responses to promote adaptation to commonly encountered conditions such as hypoxia and hypercapnia. These can be acute and transient nontranscriptional responses, which typically occur at the level of whole animal physiology or more sustained transcriptional responses, which promote chronic adaptation. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which mammals sense changes in O2 and CO2 and elicit adaptive responses to maintain homeostasis. We also discuss crosstalk between these pathways and how they may represent targets for therapeutic intervention in a range of pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P Cummins
- UCD Conway Institute, Systems Biology Ireland and the School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Moritz J Strowitzki
- UCD Conway Institute, Systems Biology Ireland and the School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- UCD Conway Institute, Systems Biology Ireland and the School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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29
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Chaurasia SN, Kushwaha G, Kulkarni PP, Mallick RL, Latheef NA, Mishra JK, Dash D. Platelet HIF-2α promotes thrombogenicity through PAI-1 synthesis and extracellular vesicle release. Haematologica 2019; 104:2482-2492. [PMID: 31004026 PMCID: PMC6959171 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.217463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen-compromised environments, such as high altitude, are associated with platelet hyperactivity. Platelets confined within the relatively impervious core of an aggregate/thrombus have restricted access to oxygen, yet they continue to perform energy-intensive procoagulant activities that sustain the thrombus. Studying platelet signaling under hypoxia is, therefore, critical to our understanding of the mechanistic basis of thrombus stability. We report here that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α is translated from pre-existing mRNA and stabilized against proteolytic degradation in enucleate platelets exposed to hypoxia. Hypoxic stress, too, stimulates platelets to synthesize plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and shed extracellular vesicles, both of which potentially contribute to the prothrombotic phenotype associated with hypoxia. Stabilization of HIF-α by administering hypoxia-mimetics to mice accelerates thrombus formation in mesenteric arterioles. In agreement, platelets from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and high altitude residents exhibiting thrombogenic attributes have abundant expression of HIF-2α and PAI- 1. Thus, targeting platelet hypoxia signaling could be an effective anti-thrombotic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheel N Chaurasia
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Geeta Kushwaha
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Paresh P Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ram L Mallick
- Department of Biochemistry, Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Nazmy A Latheef
- Department of Tuberculosis & Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jai K Mishra
- Department of Tuberculosis & Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Debabrata Dash
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Kikuchi R, Iwai Y, Tsuji T, Watanabe Y, Koyama N, Yamaguchi K, Nakamura H, Aoshiba K. Hypercapnic tumor microenvironment confers chemoresistance to lung cancer cells by reprogramming mitochondrial metabolism in vitro. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:200-214. [PMID: 30639568 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment has previously been reported to be hypercapnic (as high as ~84 mmHg), although its effect on tumor cell behaviors is unknown. In this study, high CO2 levels, ranging from 5% to 15%, protected lung cancer cells from anticancer agents, such as cisplatin, carboplatin and etoposide, by suppressing apoptosis. The cytoprotective effect of a high CO2 level was independent of acidosis and was due to mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming that reduced mitochondrial respiration, as assessed by oxygen consumption, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial membrane and oxidative potentials, eventually leading to reduced reactive oxidant species production. In contrast, high CO2 levels did not affect cisplatin-mediated DNA damage responses or the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins. Although high CO2 levels inhibited glycolysis, this inhibition was not mechanistically involved in high CO2-mediated reductions in mitochondrial respiration, because a high CO2 concentration inhibited isolated mitochondria. A cytoprotective effect of high CO2 levels on mitochondria DNA-depleted cells was not noted, lending support to our conclusion that high CO2 levels act on mitochondria to reduce the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents. High CO2-mediated cytoprotection was also noted in a 3D culture system. In conclusion, the hypercapnic tumor microenvironment reprograms mitochondrial respiratory metabolism causing chemoresistance in lung cancer cells. Thus, tumor hypercapnia may represent a novel target to improve chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Yuki Iwai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Takao Tsuji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Watanabe
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina-machi, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Koyama
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163 Tate-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0998, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Kazutetsu Aoshiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
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31
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Cui SF, Wang L, Ma L, Wang YL, Qiu JP, Liu ZC, Geng XQ. Comparative transcriptome analyses of adzuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis) response to hypoxia and hypoxia/hypercapnia. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 109:266-277. [PMID: 29996954 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485318000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stored product insects show high adaption to hypoxia and hypercapnia, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Herein, a comparative transcriptome on 4th adzuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis) instar larvae was studied to clarify the response mechanisms to hypoxia (HA) and hypoxia/hypercapnia (HHA) using NextSeq500 RNA-Seq. Transcript profiling showed a significant difference in HA or HHA exposure both quantitatively and qualitatively. Compared with control, 631 and 253 genes were significantly changed in HHA and HA, respectively. Comparing HHA with HA, 1135 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The addition of hypercapnia made a complex alteration on the hypoxia response of bean weevil transcriptome, carbohydrate, energy, lipid and amino acid metabolism were the most highly enriched pathways for genes significantly changed. In addition, some biological processes that were not significantly enriched but important were also discussed, such as immune system and signal transduction. Most of the DEGs related to metabolism both in HHA and HA were up-regulated, while the DEGs related to the immune system, stress response or signal transduction were significantly down-regulated or suppressed. This research reveals a comparatively full-scale result in adzuki bean weevil hypoxia and hypoxia/hypercapnia tolerance mechanism at transcription level, which might provide new insights into the genomic research of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Cui
- School of Grain Science and Technology,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang 212004,China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Resources and Environment,School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China
| | - L Ma
- Behavioral & Physiological Ecology (BPE) Group,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences,University of Groningen,Nijenborgh 7,9747 AG Groningen,Netherlands
| | - Y L Wang
- Department of Resources and Environment,School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China
| | - J P Qiu
- Department of Resources and Environment,School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China
| | - Zh Ch Liu
- Department of Resources and Environment,School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China
| | - X Q Geng
- Department of Resources and Environment,School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China
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32
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Wei X, Yu N, Ding Q, Ren J, Mi J, Bai L, Li J, Qi M, Guo Y. The features of AECOPD with carbon dioxide retention. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:124. [PMID: 30064410 PMCID: PMC6066936 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with carbon dioxide retention is associated with a worsening clinical condition and the beginning of pulmonary ventilation decompensation. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with carbon dioxide retention. Methods This was a retrospective study of consecutive patients with COPD (meeting the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease diagnostic criteria) hospitalized at The Ninth Hospital of Xi’an Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University between October 2014 and September 2017. The baseline demographic, clinical, laboratory, pulmonary function, and imaging data were compared between the 86 cases with carbon dioxide retention and the 144 cases without carbon dioxide retention. Results Compared with the non-carbon dioxide retention group, the group with carbon dioxide retention had a higher number of hospitalizations in the previous 12 months (p = 0.013), higher modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scores (p = 0.034), lower arterial oxygen pressure (p = 0.018), worse pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity [FEV1/FVC; p < 0.001], FEV1%pred [p < 0.001], Z5%pred [p = 0.004], R5%pred [p = 0.008], R5-R20 [p = 0.009], X5 [p = 0.022], and Ax [p = 0.011]), more severe lung damage (such as increased lung volume [p = 0.011], more emphysema range [p = 0.007], and lower mean lung density [p = 0.043]). FEV1 < 1 L (odds ratio [OR] = 4.011, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.216–7.262) and emphysema index (EI) > 20% (OR = 1.926, 95% CI: 1.080–3.432) were independently associated with carbon dioxide retention in COPD. Conclusion Compared with the non-carbon dioxide retention group, the group with carbon dioxide retention had different clinical, pulmonary function, and imaging features. FEV1 < 1 L and EI > 20% were independently associated with carbon dioxide retention in AECOPD. Trial registration ChiCTR-OCH-14004904. Registered 25 June 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-018-0691-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wei
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Ninth Hospital of Xi'an Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Yu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Ninth Hospital of Xi'an Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingting Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Ninth Hospital of Xi'an Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiuyun Mi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Ninth Hospital of Xi'an Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Xi'an Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Qi
- Department of Radiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Youmin Guo
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China.
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Hao YH, Zhang J, Wang H, Wang HY, Dong J, Xu XP, Yao BW, Wang LF, Zhou HM, Zhao L, Peng RY. HIF-1α regulates COXIV subunits, a potential mechanism of self-protective response to microwave induced mitochondrial damages in neurons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10403. [PMID: 29991768 PMCID: PMC6039499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and speculation about potential health hazards of microwaves exposure are spreading in the past decades. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which can be activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), played pivotal roles in protective responses against microwave in neuron-like cells. In this study, we established 30 mW/cm2 microwave exposed animal model, which could result in revisable injuries of neuronal mitochondria, including ultrastructure and functions, such as ROS generation and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity. We found that the ratio of COXIV-1/COXIV-2, two isoforms of COXIV, decreased at 1 d and increased from 3 d to 14 d. Similar expression changes of HIF-1α suggested that COXIV-1 and COXIV-2 might be regulated by HIF-1α. In neuron-like cells, 30 mW/cm2 microwave down-regulated COX activity from 30 min to 6 h, and then started to recover. And, both HIF-1α transcriptional activity and COXIV-1/COXIV-2 ratio were up-regulated at 6 h and 9 h after exposure. Moreover, HIF-1α inhibition down-regulated COXIV-1 expression, promoted ROS generation, impaired mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMP), as well as abolished microwave induced ATP production. In conclusion, microwave induced mitochondrial ROS production activated HIF-1α and regulated COXIV-1 expression to restore mitochondria functions. Therefore, HIF-1α might be a potential target to impair microwave induced injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Hao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Ji Dong
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ping Xu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Bin-Wei Yao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Protection and Health Physics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China.
| | - Rui-Yun Peng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China.
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Sormendi S, Wielockx B. Hypoxia Pathway Proteins As Central Mediators of Metabolism in the Tumor Cells and Their Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:40. [PMID: 29434587 PMCID: PMC5796897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low oxygen tension or hypoxia is a determining factor in the course of many different processes in animals, including when tissue expansion and cellular metabolism result in high oxygen demands that exceed its supply. This is mainly happening when cells actively proliferate and the proliferating mass becomes distant from the blood vessels, such as in growing tumors. Metabolic alterations in response to hypoxia can be triggered in a direct manner, such as the switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis or inhibition of fatty acid desaturation. However, as the modulated action of hypoxia-inducible factors or the oxygen sensors (prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes) can also lead to changes in enzyme expression, these metabolic changes can also be indirect. With this review, we want to summarize our current knowledge of the hypoxia-induced changes in metabolism during cancer development, how they are affected in the tumor cells and in the cells of the microenvironment, most prominently in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundary Sormendi
- Heisenberg Research Group, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Heisenberg Research Group, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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35
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Taylor CT, Colgan SP. Regulation of immunity and inflammation by hypoxia in immunological niches. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:774-785. [PMID: 28972206 PMCID: PMC5799081 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunological niches are focal sites of immune activity that can have varying microenvironmental features. Hypoxia is a feature of physiological and pathological immunological niches. The impact of hypoxia on immunity and inflammation can vary depending on the microenvironment and immune processes occurring in a given niche. In physiological immunological niches, such as the bone marrow, lymphoid tissue, placenta and intestinal mucosa, physiological hypoxia controls innate and adaptive immunity by modulating immune cell proliferation, development and effector function, largely via transcriptional changes driven by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). By contrast, in pathological immunological niches, such as tumours and chronically inflamed, infected or ischaemic tissues, pathological hypoxia can drive tissue dysfunction and disease development through immune cell dysregulation. Here, we differentiate between the effects of physiological and pathological hypoxia on immune cells and the consequences for immunity and inflammation in different immunological niches. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of targeting hypoxia-sensitive pathways in immune cells for the treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac T Taylor
- UCD Conway Institute, Systems Biology Ireland and the School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, 80045 Colorado, USA
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36
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Vadász I, Sznajder JI. Gas Exchange Disturbances Regulate Alveolar Fluid Clearance during Acute Lung Injury. Front Immunol 2017; 8:757. [PMID: 28725223 PMCID: PMC5495863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier and accumulation of pulmonary edema, if not resolved, result in poor alveolar gas exchange leading to hypoxia and hypercapnia, which are hallmarks of acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) is a major function of the alveolar epithelium and is mediated by the concerted action of apically-located Na+ channels [epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC)] and the basolateral Na,K-ATPase driving vectorial Na+ transport. Importantly, those patients with ARDS who cannot clear alveolar edema efficiently have worse outcomes. While hypoxia can be improved in most cases by O2 supplementation and mechanical ventilation, the use of lung protective ventilation settings can lead to further CO2 retention. Whether the increase in CO2 concentrations has deleterious or beneficial effects have been a topic of significant controversy. Of note, both low O2 and elevated CO2 levels are sensed by the alveolar epithelium and by distinct and specific molecular mechanisms impair the function of the Na,K-ATPase and ENaC thereby inhibiting AFC and leading to persistence of alveolar edema. This review discusses recent discoveries on the sensing and signaling events initiated by hypoxia and hypercapnia and the relevance of these results in identification of potential novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Vadász
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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37
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Katayama N, Sugimoto K, Okada T, Ueha T, Sakai Y, Akiyoshi H, Mie K, Ueshima E, Sofue K, Koide Y, Tani R, Gentsu T, Yamaguchi M. Intra-arterially infused carbon dioxide-saturated solution for sensitizing the anticancer effect of cisplatin in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:695-701. [PMID: 28656217 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an intra-arterially infused carbon dioxide (CO2)-saturated solution in sensitizing the anticancer effect of cisplatin in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model. Forty VX2 liver tumor-bearing Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups and infused via the proper hepatic artery with a saline solution (control group), CO2-saturated solution (CO2 group), cisplatin solution (cisplatin group), or CO2-saturated solution and cisplatin solution (combined group). The tumor volume (TV) and the relative tumor volume (RTV), RTV = (TV on day 3 or 7)/(TV on day 0) x 100, were calculated using contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF‑1α) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) staining were used to evaluate cellular hypoxia. Cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were analyzed to assess tumor apoptosis. The mean RTV on days 3 and 7 were 202.6±23.7 and 429.2±94.8%, respectively, in the control group; 172.2±38.1 and 376.5±61.1% in the CO2 group; 156.1±15.1 and 269.6±45.2% in the cisplatin group; and 118.3±28.1 and 210.3±55.1% in the combined group. RTV was significantly lower in the CO2 group than in the control group (day 3; P<0.05), and in the combined group than in the cisplatin group (days 3 and 7; P<0.05). HIF-1α and CA IX suppression, and increased cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 expression, were detected in the CO2 and combined groups, compared with the other two groups. An intra-arterially infused CO2-saturated solution inhibits liver VX2 tumor growth and sensitizes the anticancer effect of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Katayama
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Koji Sugimoto
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takuya Okada
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueha
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Sakai
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Mie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ueshima
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Keitaro Sofue
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yutaka Koide
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Tani
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Gentsu
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masato Yamaguchi
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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38
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Fagundes RR, Taylor CT. Determinants of hypoxia-inducible factor activity in the intestinal mucosa. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1328-1334. [PMID: 28408694 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00203.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is exposed to fluctuations in oxygen levels due to constantly changing rates of oxygen demand and supply and its juxtaposition with the anoxic environment of the intestinal lumen. This frequently results in a state of hypoxia in the healthy mucosa even in the physiologic state. Furthermore, pathophysiologic hypoxia (which is more severe and extensive) is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a ubiquitously expressed regulator of cellular adaptation to hypoxia, is central to both the adaptive and the inflammatory responses of cells of the intestinal mucosa in IBD patients. In this review, we discuss the microenvironmental factors which influence the level of HIF activity in healthy and inflamed intestinal mucosae and the consequences that increased HIF activity has for tissue function and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael R Fagundes
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and.,UCD Conway Institute, Systems Biology Ireland and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- UCD Conway Institute, Systems Biology Ireland and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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39
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Miles AL, Burr SP, Grice GL, Nathan JA. The vacuolar-ATPase complex and assembly factors, TMEM199 and CCDC115, control HIF1α prolyl hydroxylation by regulating cellular iron levels. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28296633 PMCID: PMC5391204 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia Inducible transcription Factors (HIFs) are principally regulated by the 2-oxoglutarate and Iron(II) prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes, which hydroxylate the HIFα subunit, facilitating its proteasome-mediated degradation. Observations that HIFα hydroxylation can be impaired even when oxygen is sufficient emphasise the importance of understanding the complex nature of PHD regulation. Here, we use an unbiased genome-wide genetic screen in near-haploid human cells to uncover cellular processes that regulate HIF1α. We identify that genetic disruption of the Vacuolar H+ ATPase (V-ATPase), the key proton pump for endo-lysosomal acidification, and two previously uncharacterised V-ATPase assembly factors, TMEM199 and CCDC115, stabilise HIF1α in aerobic conditions. Rather than preventing the lysosomal degradation of HIF1α, disrupting the V-ATPase results in intracellular iron depletion, thereby impairing PHD activity and leading to HIF activation. Iron supplementation directly restores PHD catalytic activity following V-ATPase inhibition, revealing important links between the V-ATPase, iron metabolism and HIFs. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22693.001 Most organisms have developed strategies to survive in low oxygen environments. Central to this response are proteins called Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs), which activate genes involved in energy production and blood vessel growth when oxygen is scarce. When plenty of oxygen is present, HIFs are rapidly broken down. This is important because HIFs have also been linked to the growth and spread of cancers. Oxygen sensing enzymes, termed prolyl hydroxylases, play a principal role in controlling the break down of HIFs when oxygen is abundant. However, the activity of these prolyl hydroxylases can be reduced by changes in the nutrient or iron levels present in the cell. This raises questions about how other cell mechanisms help to control HIF levels. By using a technique called an unbiased forward genetic screen to study human cells, Miles, Burr et al. set out to identify the cellular pathways that regulate HIF levels when oxygen is still abundant. Disrupting a pump called the V-ATPase – which normally helps to break down unwanted proteins by acidifying the cellular compartments where they are destroyed – stabilised HIFs. Moreover, Miles, Burr et al. identified two previously uncharacterised genes that are required for the V-ATPase to work correctly. While the V-ATPase is typically associated with the destruction of proteins, a different, unexpected aspect of its activity is responsible for stabilising HIFs. Blocking activity of the V-ATPase reduces levels of iron inside the cell. This inhibits the activity of the prolyl hydroxylases, resulting in HIFs being activated. Overall, the findings presented by Miles, Burr et al. show key links between oxygen sensing, the use of iron and the V-ATPase. Further work is now needed to investigate how V-ATPase activity affects levels of HIFs found inside cells during diseases such as cancer. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22693.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Miles
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Burr
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Guinevere L Grice
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James A Nathan
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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40
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Parks SK, Cormerais Y, Pouysségur J. Hypoxia and cellular metabolism in tumour pathophysiology. J Physiol 2017; 595:2439-2450. [PMID: 28074546 DOI: 10.1113/jp273309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are optimised for growth and survival via an ability to outcompete normal cells in their microenvironment. Many of these advantageous cellular adaptations are promoted by the pathophysiological hypoxia that arises in solid tumours due to incomplete vascularisation. Tumour cells are thus faced with the challenge of an increased need for nutrients to support the drive for proliferation in the face of a diminished extracellular supply. Among the many modifications occurring in tumour cells, hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) act as essential drivers of key pro-survival pathways via the promotion of numerous membrane and cytosolic proteins. Here we focus our attention on two areas: the role of amino acid uptake and the handling of metabolic acid (CO2 /H+ ) production. We provide evidence for a number of hypoxia-induced proteins that promote cellular anabolism and regulation of metabolic acid-base levels in tumour cells including amino-acid transporters (LAT1), monocarboxylate transporters, and acid-base regulating carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and bicarbonate transporters (NBCs). Emphasis is placed on current work manipulating multiple CA isoforms and NBCs, which is at an interesting crossroads of gas physiology as they are regulated by hypoxia to contribute to the cellular handling of CO2 and pHi regulation. Our research combined with others indicates that targeting of HIF-regulated membrane proteins in tumour cells will provide promising future anti-cancer therapeutic approaches and we suggest strategies that could be potentially used to enhance these tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Parks
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Yann Cormerais
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco.,Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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41
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Otulakowski G, Engelberts D, Arima H, Hirate H, Bayir H, Post M, Kavanagh BP. α-Tocopherol transfer protein mediates protective hypercapnia in murine ventilator-induced lung injury. Thorax 2017; 72:538-549. [PMID: 28159772 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hypercapnia is common in mechanically ventilated patients. Experimentally, 'therapeutic hypercapnia' can protect, but it can also cause harm, depending on the mechanism of injury. Hypercapnia suppresses multiple signalling pathways. Previous investigations have examined mechanisms that were known a priori, but only a limited number of pathways, each suppressed by CO2, have been reported. OBJECTIVE Because of the complexity and interdependence of processes in acute lung injury, this study sought to fill in knowledge gaps using an unbiased screen, aiming to identify a specifically upregulated pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Using genome-wide gene expression analysis in a mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury, we discovered a previously unsuspected mechanism by which CO2 can protect against injury: induction of the transporter protein for α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (αTTP). Pulmonary αTTP was induced by inspired CO2 in two in vivo murine models of ventilator-induced lung injury; the level of αTTP expression correlated with degree of lung protection; and, absence of the αTTP gene significantly reduced the protective effects of CO2. α-Tocopherol is a potent antioxidant and hypercapnia increased lung α-tocopherol in wild-type mice, but this did not alter superoxide generation or expression of NRF2-dependent antioxidant response genes in wild-type or in αTTP-/- mice. In concordance with a regulatory role for α-tocopherol in lipid mediator synthesis, hypercapnia attenuated 5-lipoxygenase activity and this was dependent on the presence of αTTP. CONCLUSIONS Inspired CO2 upregulates αTTP which increases lung α-tocopherol levels and inhibits synthesis of a pathogenic chemoattractant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Otulakowski
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Doreen Engelberts
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hajime Arima
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirate
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martin Post
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian P Kavanagh
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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42
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Halligan DN, Murphy SJE, Taylor CT. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) couples immunity with metabolism. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:469-477. [PMID: 27717536 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between metabolic and immune pathways has recently become appreciated to be key to the regulation of host defence. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcription factor which was initially described as a ubiquitous master regulator of the transcriptional response to hypoxia. In this role, HIF regulates genes promoting adaptation to hypoxia including a number which influence the cellular metabolic strategy of a cell. It has more recently been appreciated that the regulation of HIF is not restricted to oxygen-dependent pathways, and is now known to be mediated by a number of additional metabolic and immune cues including metabolites and cytokines respectively. Furthermore, our understanding of the functional role of HIF has expanded to it now being appreciated as a major regulator of host immunity. This places HIF in an ideal position to act as a regulatory hub which links metabolic activity with immunity. In this review we synthesise recent data which identifies HIF as both a target and effector for metabolic and immune processes. Developing our understanding of the role of HIF in this context will uncover new therapeutic targets for inflammatory and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug N Halligan
- Conway Institute, Charles Institute & Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland; Sigmoid Pharma, Invent Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Stephen J E Murphy
- Conway Institute, Charles Institute & Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- Conway Institute, Charles Institute & Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland; IRCAN, Centre A. Lacassagne, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 33 Avenue Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France; Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 8, Quai Antoine Premier, Monaco.
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43
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Cummins EP, Keogh CE. Respiratory gases and the regulation of transcription. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:986-1002. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P. Cummins
- School of Medicine; University College Dublin; Belfield 4 Dublin Ireland
| | - Ciara E. Keogh
- School of Medicine; University College Dublin; Belfield 4 Dublin Ireland
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