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Vendramini-Costa DB, Francescone R, Franco-Barraza J, Luong T, Graves M, de Aquino AM, Steele N, Gardiner JC, Dos Santos SAA, Ogier C, Malloy E, Borghaei L, Martinez E, Zhigarev DI, Tan Y, Lee H, Zhou Y, Cai KQ, Klein-Szanto AJ, Wang H, Andrake M, Dunbrack RL, Campbell K, Cukierman E. Netrin G1 Ligand is a new stromal immunomodulator that promotes pancreatic cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594354. [PMID: 38798370 PMCID: PMC11118300 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Understanding pancreatic cancer biology is fundamental for identifying new targets and for developing more effective therapies. In particular, the contribution of the stromal microenvironment to pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis requires further exploration. Here, we report the stromal roles of the synaptic protein Netrin G1 Ligand (NGL-1) in pancreatic cancer, uncovering its pro-tumor functions in cancer-associated fibroblasts and in immune cells. We observed that the stromal expression of NGL-1 inversely correlated with patients' overall survival. Moreover, germline knockout (KO) mice for NGL-1 presented decreased tumor burden, with a microenvironment that is less supportive of tumor growth. Of note, tumors from NGL-1 KO mice produced less immunosuppressive cytokines and displayed an increased percentage of CD8 + T cells than those from control mice, while preserving the physical structure of the tumor microenvironment. These effects were shown to be mediated by NGL-1 in both immune cells and in the local stroma, in a TGF-β-dependent manner. While myeloid cells lacking NGL-1 decreased the production of immunosuppressive cytokines, NGL-1 KO T cells showed increased proliferation rates and overall polyfunctionality compared to control T cells. CAFs lacking NGL-1 were less immunosuppressive than controls, with overall decreased production of pro-tumor cytokines and compromised ability to inhibit CD8 + T cells activation. Mechanistically, these CAFs downregulated components of the TGF-β pathway, AP-1 and NFAT transcription factor families, resulting in a less tumor-supportive phenotype. Finally, targeting NGL-1 genetically or using a functionally antagonistic small peptide phenocopied the effects of chemotherapy, while modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), rather than eliminating it. We propose NGL-1 as a new local stroma and immunomodulatory molecule, with pro-tumor roles in pancreatic cancer. Statement of Significance Here we uncovered the pro-tumor roles of the synaptic protein NGL-1 in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, defining a new target that simultaneously modulates tumor cell, fibroblast, and immune cell functions. This study reports a new pathway where NGL-1 controls TGF-β, AP-1 transcription factor members and NFAT1, modulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic cancer. Our findings highlight NGL-1 as a new stromal immunomodulator in pancreatic cancer.
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Patterson SD, Massett ME, Huang X, Jørgensen HG, Michie AM. The MYC-NFATC2 axis maintains the cell cycle and mitochondrial function in acute myeloid leukaemia cells. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38459421 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a clonal haematological malignancy affecting the myeloid lineage, with generally poor patient outcomes owing to the lack of targeted therapies. The histone lysine demethylase 4A (KDM4A) has been established as a novel therapeutic target in AML, due to its selective oncogenic role within leukaemic cells. We identify that the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATC2) is a novel binding and transcriptional target of KDM4A in the human AML THP-1 cell line. Furthermore, cytogenetically diverse AML cell lines, including THP-1, were dependent on NFATC2 for colony formation in vitro, highlighting a putative novel mechanism of AML oncogenesis. Our study demonstrates that NFATC2 maintenance of cell cycle progression in human AML cells was driven primarily by CCND1. Through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), NFATc2 was shown to bind to the promoter region of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and subsequently regulate their gene expression in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, our data show that NFATC2 shares transcriptional targets with the transcription factor c-MYC, with MYC knockdown phenocopying NFATC2 knockdown. These data suggest a newly identified co-ordinated role for NFATC2 and MYC in the maintenance of THP-1 cell function, indicative of a potential means of therapeutic targeting in human AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun D Patterson
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew E Massett
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Xu Huang
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Heather G Jørgensen
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison M Michie
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, University of Glasgow, UK
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Brock VJ, Lory NC, Möckl F, Birus M, Stähler T, Woelk LM, Jaeckstein M, Heeren J, Koch-Nolte F, Rissiek B, Mittrücker HW, Guse AH, Werner R, Diercks BP. Time-resolved role of P2X4 and P2X7 during CD8 + T cell activation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1258119. [PMID: 38426095 PMCID: PMC10902106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1258119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are a crucial part of the adaptive immune system, responsible for combating intracellular pathogens and tumor cells. The initial activation of T cells involves the formation of highly dynamic Ca2+ microdomains. Recently, purinergic signaling was shown to be involved in the formation of the initial Ca2+ microdomains in CD4+ T cells. In this study, the role of purinergic cation channels, particularly P2X4 and P2X7, in CD8+ T cell signaling from initial events to downstream responses was investigated, focusing on various aspects of T cell activation, including Ca2+ microdomains, global Ca2+ responses, NFAT-1 translocation, cytokine expression, and proliferation. While Ca2+ microdomain formation was significantly reduced in the first milliseconds to seconds in CD8+ T cells lacking P2X4 and P2X7 channels, global Ca2+ responses over minutes were comparable between wild-type (WT) and knockout cells. However, the onset velocity was reduced in P2X4-deficient cells, and P2X4, as well as P2X7-deficient cells, exhibited a delayed response to reach a certain level of free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). NFAT-1 translocation, a crucial transcription factor in T cell activation, was also impaired in CD8+ T cells lacking P2X4 and P2X7. In addition, the expression of IFN-γ, a major pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by activated CD8+ T cells, and Nur77, a negative regulator of T cell activation, was significantly reduced 18h post-stimulation in the knockout cells. In line, the proliferation of T cells after 3 days was also impaired in the absence of P2X4 and P2X7 channels. In summary, the study demonstrates that purinergic signaling through P2X4 and P2X7 enhances initial Ca2+ events during CD8+ T cell activation and plays a crucial role in regulating downstream responses, including NFAT-1 translocation, cytokine expression, and proliferation on multiple timescales. These findings suggest that targeting purinergic signaling pathways may offer potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J. Brock
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niels Christian Lory
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Möckl
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melina Birus
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Stähler
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena-Marie Woelk
- Department of Applied Medical Informatics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Jaeckstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - René Werner
- Department of Applied Medical Informatics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Shim JA, Lee SM, Jeong JW, Kim H, Son WJ, Park JH, Song P, Im SH, Bae S, Park JH, Jo Y, Hong C. NFAT1 and NFκB regulates expression of the common γ-chain cytokine receptor in activated T cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:309. [PMID: 37904191 PMCID: PMC10617197 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytokines of the common γ chain (γc) family are critical for the development, differentiation, and survival of T lineage cells. Cytokines play key roles in immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases, allergies, and cancer. Although γc is considered an assistant receptor to transmit cytokine signals and is an indispensable receptor in the immune system, its regulatory mechanism is not yet well understood. OBJECTIVE This study focused on the molecular mechanisms that γc expression in T cells is regulated under T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. METHODS The γc expression in TCR-stimulated T cells was determined by flow cytometry, western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. The regulatory mechanism of γc expression in activated T cells was examined by promoter-luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. NFAT1 and NFκB deficient cells generated using CRISPR-Cas9 and specific inhibitors were used to examine their role in regulation of γc expression. Specific binding motif was confirmed by γc promotor mutant cells generated using CRISPR-Cas9. IL-7TgγcTg mice were used to examine regulatory role of γc in cytokine signaling. RESULTS We found that activated T cells significantly upregulated γc expression, wherein NFAT1 and NFκB were key in transcriptional upregulation via T cell receptor stimulation. Also, we identified the functional binding site of the γc promoter and the synergistic effect of NFAT1 and NFκB in the regulation of γc expression. Increased γc expression inhibited IL-7 signaling and rescued lymphoproliferative disorder in an IL-7Tg animal model, providing novel insights into T cell homeostasis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate functional cooperation between NFAT1 and NFκB in upregulating γc expression in activated T cells. As γc expression also regulates γc cytokine responsiveness, our study suggests that γc expression should be considered as one of the regulators in γc cytokine signaling and the development of T cell immunotherapies. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju A Shim
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 504, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - So Min Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 504, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 504, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyori Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 504, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jae Son
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, 58245, Republic of Korea
- University of Science & Technology (UST), KIOM Campus, Korean Convergence Medicine Major, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Parkyong Song
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yuna Jo
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 515, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea.
| | - Changwan Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 504, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea.
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Khandwala CB, Sarkar P, Schmidt HB, Ma M, Kinnebrew M, Pusapati GV, Patel BB, Tillo D, Lebensohn AM, Rohatgi R. Direct ionic stress sensing and mitigation by the transcription factor NFAT5. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.23.559074. [PMID: 37886503 PMCID: PMC10602047 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.23.559074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Homeostatic control of intracellular ionic strength is essential for protein, organelle and genome function, yet mechanisms that sense and enable adaptation to ionic stress remain poorly understood in animals. We find that the transcription factor NFAT5 directly senses solution ionic strength using a C-terminal intrinsically disordered region. Both in intact cells and in a purified system, NFAT5 forms dynamic, reversible biomolecular condensates in response to increasing ionic strength. This self-associative property, conserved from insects to mammals, allows NFAT5 to accumulate in the nucleus and activate genes that restore cellular ion content. Mutations that reduce condensation or those that promote aggregation both reduce NFAT5 activity, highlighting the importance of optimally tuned associative interactions. Remarkably, human NFAT5 alone is sufficient to reconstitute a mammalian transcriptional response to ionic or hypertonic stress in yeast. Thus NFAT5 is both the sensor and effector of a cell-autonomous ionic stress response pathway in animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandni B. Khandwala
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Parijat Sarkar
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - H. Broder Schmidt
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mengxiao Ma
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maia Kinnebrew
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ganesh V. Pusapati
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bhaven B. Patel
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Desiree Tillo
- Center for Cancer Research Genomics Core, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Building 37, RM 2056B, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Andres M. Lebensohn
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, Building 37, RM 2056B, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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6
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Richards JR, Shin D, Pryor R, Sorensen LK, Sun Z, So WM, Park G, Wolff R, Truong A, McMahon M, Grossmann AH, Harbour JW, Zhu W, Odelberg SJ, Yoo JH. Activation of NFAT by HGF and IGF-1 via ARF6 and its effector ASAP1 promotes uveal melanoma metastasis. Oncogene 2023; 42:2629-2640. [PMID: 37500798 PMCID: PMC11008337 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Preventing or effectively treating metastatic uveal melanoma (UM) is critical because it occurs in about half of patients and confers a very poor prognosis. There is emerging evidence that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) promote metastasis and contribute to the striking metastatic hepatotropism observed in UM metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which HGF and IGF-1 promote UM liver metastasis have not been elucidated. ASAP1, which acts as an effector for the small GTPase ARF6, is highly expressed in the subset of uveal melanomas most likely to metastasize. Here, we found that HGF and IGF-1 hyperactivate ARF6, leading to its interaction with ASAP1, which then acts as an effector to induce nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of NFAT1. Inhibition of any component of this pathway impairs cellular invasiveness. Additionally, knocking down ASAP1 or inhibiting NFAT signaling reduces metastasis in a xenograft mouse model of UM. The discovery of this signaling pathway represents not only an advancement in our understanding of the biology of uveal melanoma metastasis but also identifies a novel pathway that could be targeted to treat or prevent metastatic uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson R Richards
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Donghan Shin
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Rob Pryor
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Lise K Sorensen
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Zhonglou Sun
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Won Mi So
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Garam Park
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Roger Wolff
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, 15 North Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Amanda Truong
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Martin McMahon
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, 30 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Allie H Grossmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, 15 North Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - J William Harbour
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Shannon J Odelberg
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, 20 South 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Jae Hyuk Yoo
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Ligresti G, Raslan AA, Hong J, Caporarello N, Confalonieri M, Huang SK. Mesenchymal cells in the Lung: Evolving concepts and their role in fibrosis. Gene 2023; 859:147142. [PMID: 36603696 PMCID: PMC10068350 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells in the lung are crucial during development, but also contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common and deadly form of fibrotic interstitial lung diseases. Originally thought to behave as supporting cells for the lung epithelium and endothelium with a singular function of producing basement membrane, mesenchymal cells encompass a variety of cell types, including resident fibroblasts, lipofibroblasts, myofibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes, which all occupy different anatomic locations and exhibit diverse homeostatic functions in the lung. During injury, each of these subtypes demonstrate remarkable plasticity and undergo varying capacity to proliferate and differentiate into activated myofibroblasts. Therefore, these cells secrete high levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to tissue repair, or in pathologic situations, scarring and fibrosis. Whereas epithelial damage is considered the initial trigger that leads to lung injury, lung mesenchymal cells are recognized as the ultimate effector of fibrosis and attempts to better understand the different functions and actions of each mesenchymal cell subtype will lead to a better understanding of why fibrosis develops and how to better target it for future therapy. This review summarizes current findings related to various lung mesenchymal cells as well as signaling pathways, and their contribution to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, US.
| | - Ahmed A Raslan
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, US
| | - Jeongmin Hong
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, US
| | - Nunzia Caporarello
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Steven K Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, US
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Majeed Y, Madani AY, Altamimi AI, Courjaret R, Vakayil M, Fountain SJ, Machaca K, Mazloum NA. STAT1- and NFAT-independent amplification of purinoceptor function integrates cellular senescence with interleukin-6 production in preadipocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:609-627. [PMID: 36321760 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Senescent preadipocytes promote adipose tissue dysfunction by secreting pro-inflammatory factors, although little is known about the mechanisms regulating their production. We investigated if up-regulated purinoceptor function sensitizes senescent preadipocytes to cognate agonists and how such sensitization regulates inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Etoposide was used to trigger senescence in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. CRISPR/Cas9 technology or pharmacology allowed studies of transcription factor function. Fura-2 imaging was used for calcium measurements. Interleukin-6 levels were quantified using quantitative PCR and ELISA. Specific agonists and antagonists supported studies of purinoceptor coupling to interleukin-6 production. Experiments in MS1 VEGF angiosarcoma cells and adipose tissue samples from obese mice complemented preadipocyte experiments. KEY RESULTS DNA damage-induced senescence up-regulated purinoceptor expression levels in preadipocytes and MS1 VEGF angiosarcoma cells. ATP-evoked Ca2+ release was potentiated in senescent preadipocytes. ATP enhanced interleukin-6 production, an effect mimicked by ADP but not UTP, in a calcium-independent manner. Senescence-associated up-regulation and activation of the adenosine A3 receptor also enhanced interleukin-6 production. However, nucleotide hydrolysis was not essential because exposure to ATPγS also enhanced interleukin-6 secretion. Pharmacological experiments suggested coupling of P2X ion channels and P2Y12 -P2Y13 receptors to downstream interleukin-6 production. Interleukin-6 signalling exacerbated inflammation during senescence and compromised adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We report a previously uncharacterized link between cellular senescence and purinergic signalling in preadipocytes and endothelial cancer cells, raising the possibility that up-regulated purinoceptors play key modulatory roles in senescence-associated conditions like obesity and cancer. There is potential for exploitation of specific purinoceptor antagonists as therapeutics in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Majeed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aisha Y Madani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed I Altamimi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raphael Courjaret
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muneera Vakayil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samuel J Fountain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nayef A Mazloum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Epigenetic regulation of T cell lineages in skin and blood following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Immunol 2023; 248:109245. [PMID: 36702179 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) seeks to reconstitute the host's immune system from donor stem cells. The success of HSCT is threatened by complications including leukemia relapse or graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD). To investigate the underlying regulatory processes in central and peripheral T cell recovery, we performed sequential multi-omics analysis of T cells of the skin and blood during HSCT. We detected rapid effector T cell reconstitution, while emergence of regulatory T cells was delayed. Epigenetic and gene-regulatory programs were associated with recovering T cells and diverged greatly between skin and blood T cells. The BRG1/BRM-associated factor chromatin remodeling complex and histone deacetylases (HDACs) were epigenetic regulators involved in restoration of T cell homeostasis after transplantation. In isolated T cells of patients after HSCT, we observed class I HDAC-inhibitors to modulate their dysbalance. The present study highlights the importance of epigenetic regulation in the recovery of T cells following HSCT.
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Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Wang X, Liu D, Liu X, Mi Z, Tao H, Fan H. Comprehensive landscape of immune-based classifier related to early diagnosis and macrophage M1 in spinal cord injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:1158-1176. [PMID: 36842142 PMCID: PMC10008498 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have documented that immune responses are crucial in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI). Our study aimed to uncover the function of immune-related genes (IRGs) in SCI. Here, we comprehensively evaluated the transcriptome data of SCI and healthy controls (HC) obtained from the GEO Database integrating bioinformatics and experiments. First, a total of 2067 DEGs were identified between the SCI and HC groups. Functional enrichment analysis revealed substantial immune-related pathways and functions that were abnormally activated in the SCI group. Immune analysis revealed that myeloid immune cells were predominantly upregulated in SCI patients, while a large number of lymphoid immune cells were dramatically downregulated. Subsequently, 51 major IRGs were screened as key genes involved in SCI based on the intersection of the results of WGCNA analysis, DEGs, and IRGs. Based on the expression profiles of these genes, two distinct immune modulation patterns were recognized exhibiting opposite immune characteristics. Moreover, 2 core IRGs (FCER1G and NFATC2) were determined to accurately predict the occurrence of SCI via machine learning. qPCR analysis was used to validate the expression of core IRGs in an external independent cohort. Finally, the expression of these core IRGs was validated by sequencing, WB, and IF analysis in vivo. We found that these two core IRGs were closely associated with immune cells and verified the co-localization of FCER1G with macrophage M1 via IF analysis. Our study revealed the key role of immune-related genes in SCI and contributed to a fresh perspective for early diagnosis and treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhijie Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xuankang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xincheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhenzhou Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Huiren Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Hongbin Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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Liu J, Ding S, Yang L, Zhao X, Ren R, Wang Y, Su C, Chen J, Ma X. Integration of pharmacodynamics and metabolomics reveals the therapeutic effects of 6-acetylacteoside on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154399. [PMID: 36057143 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 6-acetylacteoside (6-AA) is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Cistanche deserticola which had been previously proven to possess anti-osteoporotic activity previously. Currently, it is still unknown whether 6-AA plays a crucial role on the anti-osteoporotic effects of C. deserticola. PURPOSE To elucidate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of 6-AA on osteoporosis by employing an ovariectomized mouse model in vivo and RAW264.7 cells in vitro. METHODS Sixty female ICR mice were randomly assigned into six groups: sham-operated control group (SHAM, vehicle), ovariectomized model group (OVX, vehicle), positive group (EV, 1 mg/kg/day of estradiol valerate), low dosage (10 mg/kg/day of 6-AA), medium dosage (20 mg/kg/day of 6-AA) and high dosage (40 mg/kg/day of 6-AA) treatment groups. All substances were administered daily by intragastric gavage. After 12 weeks of intervention, trabecular bone microarchitecture was estimated and bone biomechanics were determined. Bone formation and resorption factors were determined by using the corresponding Elisa kits. The related proteins and metabolites were estimated by using western-blot and metabolomics techniques. RESULTS OVX mice demonstrated significant atrophy of the uterine and vagina, declined biomechanical parameters such as flexural strength and maximum load, deteriorated trabecular bone microarchitecture such as decreased BMD, BMC, TMC, TMD, BVF, Tb. N, and Tb. Th and increased Tb. Sp, as well as increased bone resorption factors such as TRAP, cathepsin K, and DPD, all after 12 weeks of ovariectomy operation. Following administration of 6-AA to OVX mice, parameters related to the bone microarchitecture, bone resorption activities as well as biomechanical properties were all significantly improved. Meanwhile, the levels of NF-κB, NFATc1, RANK, RANKL and TRAF6 were significantly downregulated, while OPG, PI3K and AKT were upregulated after 6-AA intervention. This indicates that, 6-AA could prevent bone resorption by regulating the RANKL/RANK/OPG mediated NF-κB and PI3K/AKT pathways. Furthermore, 26 different metabolites corresponding to 25 metabolic pathways were identified, and 5 of which were related to the formation of osteoporosis. Interestingly, 23 abnormal metabolites were recovered after 6-AA treatment. CONCLUSION Our results revealed the significant anti-osteoporotic effects of 6-AA on ovariectomized mice which were probably exerted via suppression of osteoclast formation and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shuqin Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ruru Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Chao Su
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Huatuo Road, Minhoushangjie, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Xueqin Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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12
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Wang Z, Yan H, Boysen JC, Secreto CR, Tschumper RC, Ali D, Guo Q, Zhong J, Zhou J, Gan H, Yu C, Jelinek DF, Slager SL, Parikh SA, Braggio E, Kay NE. B cell receptor signaling drives APOBEC3 expression via direct enhancer regulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:99. [PMID: 35778390 PMCID: PMC9249768 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutively activated B cell receptor (BCR) signaling is a primary biological feature of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The biological events controlled by BCR signaling in CLL are not fully understood and need investigation. Here, by analysis of the chromatin states and gene expression profiles of CLL B cells from patients before and after Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) ibrutinib treatment, we show that BTKi treatment leads to a decreased expression of APOBEC3 family genes by regulating the activity of their enhancers. BTKi treatment reduces enrichment of enhancer marks (H3K4me1 and H3K27ac) and chromatin accessibility at putative APOBEC3 enhancers. CRISPR-Cas9 directed deletion or inhibition of the putative APOBEC3 enhancers leads to reduced APOBEC3 expression. We further find that transcription factor NFATc1 couples BCR signaling with the APOBEC3 enhancer activity to control APOBEC3 expression. We also find that enhancer-regulated APOBEC3 expression contributes to replication stress in malignant B cells. In total we demonstrate a novel mechanism for BTKi suppression of APOBEC3 expression via direct enhancer regulation in an NFATc1-dependent manner, implicating BCR signaling as a potential regulator of leukemic genomic instability.
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MESH Headings
- APOBEC Deaminases/biosynthesis
- APOBEC Deaminases/genetics
- APOBEC Deaminases/metabolism
- Chromatin
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Huihuang Yan
- Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Justin C Boysen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Charla R Secreto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Dania Ali
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jian Zhong
- Epigenomics Development Laboratory, Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haiyun Gan
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuanhe Yu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Diane F Jelinek
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Susan L Slager
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sameer A Parikh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Esteban Braggio
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Neil E Kay
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Pham TX, Lee J, Guan J, Caporarello N, Meridew JA, Jones DL, Tan Q, Huang SK, Tschumperlin DJ, Ligresti G. Transcriptional analysis of lung fibroblasts identifies PIM1 signaling as a driver of aging-associated persistent fibrosis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153672. [PMID: 35167499 PMCID: PMC8986080 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an aging-associated disease characterized by myofibroblast accumulation and progressive lung scarring. To identify transcriptional gene programs driving persistent lung fibrosis in aging, we performed RNA-Seq on lung fibroblasts isolated from young and aged mice during the early resolution phase after bleomycin injury. We discovered that, relative to injured young fibroblasts, injured aged fibroblasts exhibited a profibrotic state characterized by elevated expression of genes implicated in inflammation, matrix remodeling, and cell survival. We identified the proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1) and its target nuclear factor of activated T cells-1 (NFATc1) as putative drivers of the sustained profibrotic gene signatures in injured aged fibroblasts. PIM1 and NFATc1 transcripts were enriched in a pathogenic fibroblast population recently discovered in IPF lungs, and their protein expression was abundant in fibroblastic foci. Overexpression of PIM1 in normal human lung fibroblasts potentiated their fibrogenic activation, and this effect was attenuated by NFATc1 inhibition. Pharmacological inhibition of PIM1 attenuated IPF fibroblast activation and sensitized them to apoptotic stimuli. Interruption of PIM1 signaling in IPF lung explants ex vivo inhibited prosurvival gene expression and collagen secretion, suggesting that targeting this pathway may represent a therapeutic strategy to block IPF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tho X. Pham
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jisu Lee
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiazhen Guan
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nunzia Caporarello
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Meridew
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dakota L. Jones
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Qi Tan
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steven K. Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel J. Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Hope JM, Dombroski JA, Pereles RS, Lopez-Cavestany M, Greenlee JD, Schwager SC, Reinhart-King CA, King MR. Fluid shear stress enhances T cell activation through Piezo1. BMC Biol 2022; 20:61. [PMID: 35260156 PMCID: PMC8904069 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cell activation is a mechanical process as much as it is a biochemical process. In this study, we used a cone-and-plate viscometer system to treat Jurkat and primary human T cells with fluid shear stress (FSS) to enhance the activation of the T cells through mechanical means. Results The FSS treatment of T cells in combination with soluble and bead-bound CD3/CD28 antibodies increased the activation of signaling proteins essential for T cell activation, such as zeta-chain-associated protein kinase-70 (ZAP70), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and AP-1 (activator protein 1). The FSS treatment also enhanced the expression of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), which are necessary for sustained T cell activation and function. The enhanced activation of T cells by FSS was calcium dependent. The calcium signaling was controlled by the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1, as GsMTx-4 and Piezo1 knockout reduced ZAP70 phosphorylation by FSS. Conclusions These results demonstrate an intriguing new dynamic to T cell activation, as the circulatory system consists of different magnitudes of FSS and could have a proinflammatory role in T cell function. The results also identify a potential pathophysiological relationship between T cell activation and FSS, as hypertension is a disease characterized by abnormal blood flow and is correlated with multiple autoimmune diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01266-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Hope
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Jenna A Dombroski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Rebecca S Pereles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Maria Lopez-Cavestany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Joshua D Greenlee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Samantha C Schwager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Michael R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
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15
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Gao R, Zhang Y, Zeng C, Li Y. The role of NFAT in the pathogenesis and targeted therapy of hematological malignancies. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 921:174889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Das P, Xu WK, Gautam AKS, Lozano MM, Dudley JP. A Retrotranslocation Assay That Predicts Defective VCP/p97-Mediated Trafficking of a Retroviral Signal Peptide. mBio 2022; 13:e0295321. [PMID: 35089078 PMCID: PMC8725593 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02953-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of viral replication have provided critical insights into host processes, including protein trafficking and turnover. Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a betaretrovirus that encodes a functional 98-amino-acid signal peptide (SP). MMTV SP is generated from both Rem and envelope precursor proteins by signal peptidase cleavage in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. We previously showed that SP functions as a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev-like protein that is dependent on the AAA ATPase valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97 to subvert ER-associated degradation (ERAD). SP contains a nuclear localization sequence (NLS)/nucleolar localization sequence (NoLS) within the N-terminal 45 amino acids. To directly determine the SP regions needed for membrane extraction and trafficking, we developed a quantitative retrotranslocation assay with biotin acceptor peptide (BAP)-tagged SP proteins. Use of alanine substitution mutants of BAP-tagged MMTV SP in retrotranslocation assays revealed that mutation of amino acids 57 and 58 (M57-58) interfered with ER membrane extraction, whereas adjacent mutations did not. The M57-58 mutant also showed reduced interaction with VCP/p97 in coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Using transfection and reporter assays to measure activity of BAP-tagged proteins, both M57-58 and an adjacent mutant (M59-61) were functionally defective compared to wild-type SP. Confocal microscopy revealed defects in SP nuclear trafficking and abnormal localization of both M57-58 and M59-61. Furthermore, purified glutathione S-transferase (GST)-tagged M57-58 and M59-61 demonstrated reduced ability to oligomerize compared to tagged wild-type SP. These experiments suggest that SP amino acids 57 and 58 are critical for VCP/p97 interaction and retrotranslocation, whereas residues 57 to 61 are critical for oligomerization and nuclear trafficking independent of the NLS/NoLS. Our results emphasize the complex host interactions with long signal peptides. IMPORTANCE Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) is a form of cellular protein quality control that is manipulated by viruses, including the betaretrovirus, mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). MMTV-encoded signal peptide (SP) has been shown to interact with an essential ERAD factor, VCP/p97 ATPase, to mediate its extraction from the ER membrane, also known as retrotranslocation, for RNA binding and nuclear function. In this paper, we developed a quantitative retrotranslocation assay that identified an SP substitution mutant, which is defective for VCP interaction as well as nuclear trafficking, oligomer formation, and function. An adjacent SP mutant was competent for retrotranslocation and VCP interaction but shared the other defects. Our results revealed the requirement for VCP during SP trafficking and the complex cellular pathways used by long signal peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Das
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Wendy Kaichun Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Amit Kumar Singh Gautam
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mary M. Lozano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jaquelin P. Dudley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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17
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Zagoskin AA, Zakharova MV, Nagornykh MO. Structural Elements of DNA and RNA Eukaryotic Expression Vectors for In Vitro and In Vivo Genome Editor Delivery. Mol Biol 2022; 56:950-962. [PMCID: PMC9735121 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322060218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gene editing with programmable nucleases opens new perspectives in important practice areas, such as healthcare and agriculture. The most challenging problem for the safe and effective therapeutic use of gene editing technologies is the proper delivery and expression of gene editors in cells and tissues of different organisms. Virus-based and nonviral systems can be used for the successful delivery of gene editors. Here we have reviewed structural elements of nonviral DNA- and RNA-based expression vectors for gene editing and delivery methods in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Zagoskin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - M. V. Zakharova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - M. O. Nagornykh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia ,Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, 354349 Sochi, Russia
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18
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Rohini M, Vairamani M, Selvamurugan N. TGF-β1-stimulation of NFATC2 and ATF3 proteins and their interaction for matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression in human breast cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1325-1330. [PMID: 34687766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), an inducible stress gene, is stimulated by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) in a protracted and relentless manner in human mammary cancer cells (hBC cells; MDA-MB231). The molecular mechanism behind this stable expression of ATF3 via TGF-β1 in MDA-MB231 cells is unknown. This study found that TGF-β1 stimulated the expression of the nuclear factor of activated T Cells 2 (NFATC2) in MDA-MB231 cells and provided evidence of its interaction with ATF3. The functional characterization of NFATC2 in association with ATF3 was determined by silencing of NFATC2 using siRNA. Knock-down of NFATC2 decreased the expression of both ATF3 and its target gene MMP13 (matrix metalloproteinase 13, a critical invasive gene) in hBC cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that TGF-β1 promoted NFATC2 binding and NFATC2-ATF3 complex binding at the MMP13 promoter region, whereas silencing of NFATC2 decreased their binding in hBC cells. Thus, we uncovered the mechanism of interaction between NFATC2 and ATF3 regulated by TGF-β1, and NFATC2 acted as a pivotal factor in providing ATF3 stability and further drove MMP13 transcription. Targeting NFATC2 and blocking its association with ATF3 could therefore help to slow the progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rohini
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Vairamani
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a haematological cancer with poor outcomes due to a lack of efficacious targeted therapies. The Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors is well characterised as a regulator of the cell cycle and differentiation in the myeloid lineage. Recent evidence has demonstrated that NFAT family members may have roles in regulating AML leukemogenesis and resistance to targeted therapy in myeloid leukaemia. Furthermore, gene expression data from patient samples show that some NFATs are more highly expressed in poorly differentiated AML and after disease relapse, implying that the NFAT family may have roles in specific types of AML. This review outlines the evidence for the role of NFAT in healthy myeloid tissue and explores how NFAT might regulate AML pathogenesis, highlighting the potential to target specific NFAT proteins therapeutically in AML.
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20
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Korinfskaya S, Parameswaran S, Weirauch MT, Barski A. Runx Transcription Factors in T Cells-What Is Beyond Thymic Development? Front Immunol 2021; 12:701924. [PMID: 34421907 PMCID: PMC8377396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Runx proteins (also known as Runt-domain transcription factors) have been studied for a long time as key regulators of cellular differentiation. RUNX2 has been described as essential for osteogenesis, whereas RUNX1 and RUNX3 are known to control blood cell development during different stages of cell lineage specification. However, recent studies show evidence of complex relationships between RUNX proteins, chromatin-modifying machinery, the cytoskeleton and different transcription factors in various non-embryonic contexts, including mature T cell homeostasis, inflammation and cancer. In this review, we discuss the diversity of Runx functions in mature T helper cells, such as production of cytokines and chemokines by different CD4 T cell populations; apoptosis; and immunologic memory acquisition. We then briefly cover recent findings about the contribution of RUNX1, RUNX2 and RUNX3 to various immunologic diseases. Finally, we discuss areas that require further study to better understand the role that Runx proteins play in inflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Korinfskaya
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sreeja Parameswaran
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Artem Barski
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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21
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Kubota H, Masuda T, Noura M, Furuichi K, Matsuo H, Hirata M, Kataoka TR, Hiramatsu H, Yasumi T, Nakahata T, Imai Y, Takita J, Adachi S, Sugiyama H, Kamikubo Y. RUNX inhibitor suppresses graft‐versus‐host disease through targeting
RUNX‐NFATC2
axis. EJHAEM 2021; 2:449-458. [PMID: 35844683 PMCID: PMC9175814 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with refractory graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) have a dismal prognosis. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets are still needed to be identified. Runt‐related transcriptional factor (RUNX) family transcription factors are essential transcription factors that mediate the essential roles in effector T cells. However, whether RUNX targeting can suppress, and GVHD is yet unknown. Here, we showed that RUNX family members have a redundant role in directly transactivating NFATC2 expression in T cells. We also found that our novel RUNX inhibitor, Chb‐M’, which is the inhibitor that switches off the entire RUNX family by alkylating agent–conjugated pyrrole‐imidazole (PI) polyamides, inhibited T‐cell receptor mediated T cell proliferation and allogenic T cell response. These were designed to specifically bind to consensus RUNX‐binding sequences (TGTGGT). Chb‐M’ also suppressed the expression of NFATC2 and pro‐inflammatory cytokine genes in vitro. Using xenogeneic GVHD model, mice injected by Chb‐M’ showed almost no sign of GVHD. Especially, the CD4 T cell was decreased and GVHD‐associated cytokines including tissue necrosis factor‐α and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor were reduced in the peripheral blood of Chb‐M’ injected mice. Taken together, our data demonstrates that RUNX family transcriptionally upregulates NFATC2 in T cells, and RUNX‐NFATC2 axis can be a novel therapeutic target against GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Tatsuya Masuda
- Department of Human Health Sciences Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto, University, Sakyo‐ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Mina Noura
- Department of Human Health Sciences Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto, University, Sakyo‐ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Kana Furuichi
- Department of Human Health Sciences Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto, University, Sakyo‐ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Hidemasa Matsuo
- Department of Human Health Sciences Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto, University, Sakyo‐ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology Kyoto University Hospital Sakyo‐ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Tatsuki R. Kataoka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology Kyoto University Hospital Sakyo‐ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Hidefumi Hiramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasumi
- Department of Pediatrics Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Drug Discovery Technology Development Office Center for iPS cell research and application (CiRA) Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Yoichi Imai
- Department of Hematology/Oncology IMSUT Hospital The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Souichi Adachi
- Department of Human Health Sciences Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto, University, Sakyo‐ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kamikubo
- Department of Human Health Sciences Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto, University, Sakyo‐ku Kyoto Japan
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22
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Seligson ND, Maradiaga RD, Stets CM, Katzenstein HM, Millis SZ, Rogers A, Hays JL, Chen JL. Multiscale-omic assessment of EWSR1-NFATc2 fusion positive sarcomas identifies the mTOR pathway as a potential therapeutic target. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:43. [PMID: 34021224 PMCID: PMC8140100 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas harboring EWSR1-NFATc2 fusions have historically been categorized and treated as Ewing sarcoma. Emerging evidence suggests unique molecular characteristics and chemotherapy sensitivities in EWSR1-NFATc2 fusion positive sarcomas. Comprehensive genomic profiles of 1024 EWSR1 fusion positive sarcomas, including 14 EWSR1-NFATc2 fusions, were identified in the FoundationCore® database. Additional data from the Gene Expression Omnibus, the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer and The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets were included for analysis. EWSR1-NFATc2 fusion positive sarcomas were genomically distinct from traditional Ewing sarcoma and demonstrated upregulation of the mTOR pathway. We also present a case of a 58-year-old male patient with metastatic EWSR1-NFATc2 fusion positive sarcoma who achieved 47 months of disease stabilization when treated with combination mTOR and VEGF inhibition. EWSR1-NFATc2 fusion positive sarcomas are molecularly distinct entities with overactive mTOR signaling; which may be therapeutically targetable. These findings support the use of precision medicine in the Ewing family of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Seligson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, The University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmacogenomics and Translational Research, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Richard D Maradiaga
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Colin M Stets
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Howard M Katzenstein
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Alan Rogers
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John L Hays
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James L Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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23
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Upadhyay A, Marzoll D, Diernfellner A, Brunner M, Herzel H. Multiple random phosphorylations in clock proteins provide long delays and switches. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22224. [PMID: 33335302 PMCID: PMC7746754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory predicts that self-sustained oscillations require robust delays and nonlinearities (ultrasensitivity). Delayed negative feedback loops with switch-like inhibition of transcription constitute the core of eukaryotic circadian clocks. The kinetics of core clock proteins such as PER2 in mammals and FRQ in Neurospora crassa is governed by multiple phosphorylations. We investigate how multiple, slow and random phosphorylations control delay and molecular switches. We model phosphorylations of intrinsically disordered clock proteins (IDPs) using conceptual models of sequential and distributive phosphorylations. Our models help to understand the underlying mechanisms leading to delays and ultrasensitivity. The model shows temporal and steady state switches for the free kinase and the phosphoprotein. We show that random phosphorylations and sequestration mechanisms allow high Hill coefficients required for self-sustained oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Upadhyay
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Daniela Marzoll
- Biochemistry Center, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Diernfellner
- Biochemistry Center, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Brunner
- Biochemistry Center, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanspeter Herzel
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Dulong J, Kouakou C, Mesloub Y, Rorteau J, Moratille S, Chevalier FP, Vinasco-Sandoval T, Martin MT, Lamartine J. NFATC2 Modulates Radiation Sensitivity in Dermal Fibroblasts From Patients With Severe Side Effects of Radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:589168. [PMID: 33392083 PMCID: PMC7772431 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.589168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well established that 5 to 15% of radiotherapy patients exhibit severe side-effects in non-cancerous tissues, the molecular mechanisms involved are still poorly known, and the links between cellular and tissue radiosensitivity are still debated. We here studied fibroblasts from non-irradiated skin of patients with severe sequelae of radiotherapy, to determine whether specific basal cell activities might be involved in susceptibility to side-effects in normal tissues. Compared to control cells, patient fibroblasts exhibited higher radiosensitivity together with defects in DNA repair. Transcriptome profiling of dermal fibroblasts from 16 radiotherapy patients with severe side-effects and 8 healthy individuals identified 540 genes specifically deregulated in the patients. Nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATC2) was the most differentially expressed gene, poorly expressed at both transcript and protein level, whereas the NFATC2 gene region was hypermethylated. Furthermore, NFATC2 expression correlated with cell survival after irradiation. Finally, silencing NFATC2 in normal cells by RNA interference led to increased cellular radiosensitivity and defects in DNA repair. This study demonstrates that patients with clinical hypersensitivity also exhibit intrinsic cellular radiosensitivity in their normal skin cells. It further reveals a new role for NFATC2 as a potential regulator of cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Dulong
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR5305, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - Clara Kouakou
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR5305, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - Yasmina Mesloub
- CEA, Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, DRF/IBFJ/iRCM, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Julie Rorteau
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR5305, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - Sandra Moratille
- CEA, Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, DRF/IBFJ/iRCM, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Fabien P. Chevalier
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR5305, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - Tatiana Vinasco-Sandoval
- CEA, Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, DRF/IBFJ/iRCM, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Michèle T. Martin
- CEA, Genomics and Radiobiology of Keratinopoiesis, DRF/IBFJ/iRCM, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jérôme Lamartine
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR5305, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, IBCP, Lyon, France
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25
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Tan AHM, Tso GHW, Zhang B, Teo PY, Ou X, Ng SW, Wong AXF, Tan SJX, Sanny A, Kim SSY, Lee AP, Xu S, Lam KP. TACI Constrains T H17 Pathogenicity and Protects against Gut Inflammation. iScience 2020; 23:101707. [PMID: 33205021 PMCID: PMC7653077 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TACI (transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor) plays critical roles in B cells by promoting immunoglobulin class switching and plasma cell survival. However, its expression and function in T cells remain controversial. We show here that TACI expression can be strongly induced in murine CD4+ T cells in vitro by cytokines responsible for TH17 but not TH1 or TH2 differentiation. Frequencies and numbers of TH17 cells were elevated in TACI-/ - compared with wild-type mice as well as among TACI-/ - versus wild-type CD4+ T cells in mixed bone marrow chimeras, arguing for a T cell-intrinsic effect in the contribution of TACI deficiency to TH17 cell accumulation. TACI-/ - mice were more susceptible to severe colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate or adoptive T cell transfer, suggesting that TACI negatively regulates TH17 function and limits intestinal inflammation in a cell-autonomous manner. Finally, transcriptomic and biochemical analyses revealed that TACI-/ - CD4+ T cells exhibited enhanced activation of TH17-promoting transcription factors NFAT, IRF4, c-MAF, and JUNB. Taken together, these findings reveal an important role of TACI in constraining TH17 pathogenicity and protecting against gut disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Hee-Meng Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Gloria Hoi Wan Tso
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Biyan Zhang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Pei-Yun Teo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Xijun Ou
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Sze-Wai Ng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Alex Xing Fah Wong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Sean Jing Xiang Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Arleen Sanny
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Susana Soo-Yeon Kim
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Alison P Lee
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Shengli Xu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Departments of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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26
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Shen M, Song Y, Ichinose T, Morita K, Wang D, Arashidani K, Yoshida Y. In vivo immune activation of splenocytes following exposure to tar from Asian sand dust. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 83:649-658. [PMID: 32819208 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1806160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution, especially that initiated by particulate matter (PM), has been implicated as a risk factor for several inflammatory diseases. Previously, it was reported that PM enhances immune responses. PM includes the tar fraction that contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which produce adverse health effects in exposed individuals. However, the influence of the tar fraction (as a component of PM) on splenocytes is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the tar fraction extracted from PM collected from the atmosphere in Fukuoka, Japan, on mouse splenocytes. ICR mice were administered tar (1 or 5 μg/mouse) intratracheally 4 times at 2-week intervals, and splenocytes from the tar-treated mice were extracted and examined. The parameters determined were proliferation, cytokine concentrations and transcription factors activation. Following tar treatment, splenocyte proliferation increased relative to controls. Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced interleukin (IL)-2 formation and ConA- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interferon-γ production were elevated in splenocytes from tar-exposed mice. However, the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6 induced by LPS was not markedly changed following tar treatment. Further, nuclear factor of activated T cells, but not nuclear factor-κB, was enhanced in splenocytes of tar-exposed mice. Data indicate that tar-activated splenocytes and PM-bound PAHs might contribute to T cell activation in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Shen
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yuan Song
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Takamichi Ichinose
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences , Oita, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Duo Wang
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Keiichi Arashidani
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu, Japan
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27
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Wu B, Tong J, Ran Z. Tacrolimus Therapy in Steroid-Refractory Ulcerative Colitis: A Review. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:24-32. [PMID: 30980713 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are known for a chronic inflammatory process of the gastrointestinal tract and include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). Patients who are dependent on or resistant to corticosteroids account for about 20% of severe UC patients. Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor that has recently been used in the treatment of steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. Tacrolimus has been demonstrated to have remarkable therapeutic efficacy in UC patients, without increased risk of severe adverse effects such as induction of remission and maintenance therapy. This article reviews the mechanism of action, pharmacogenetics, efficacy, and safety of tacrolimus for patients with steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyu Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinglu Tong
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Ran
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
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28
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Kim JH, Hwang J, Jung JH, Lee HJ, Lee DY, Kim SH. Molecular networks of FOXP family: dual biologic functions, interplay with other molecules and clinical implications in cancer progression. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:180. [PMID: 31815635 PMCID: PMC6900861 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Though Forkhead box P (FOXP) transcription factors comprising of FOXP1, FOXP2, FOXP3 and FOXP4 are involved in the embryonic development, immune disorders and cancer progression, the underlying function of FOXP3 targeting CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and the dual roles of FOXP proteins as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor are unclear and controversial in cancers to date. Thus, the present review highlighted research history, dual roles of FOXP proteins as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene, their molecular networks with other proteins and noncoding RNAs, cellular immunotherapy targeting FOXP3, and clinical implications in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ha Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisung Hwang
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Eumseong, 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Yahia-Cherbal H, Rybczynska M, Lovecchio D, Stephen T, Lescale C, Placek K, Larghero J, Rogge L, Bianchi E. NFAT primes the human RORC locus for RORγt expression in CD4 + T cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4698. [PMID: 31619674 PMCID: PMC6795897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells have crucial functions in mucosal immunity and the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases. The lineage-specific transcription factor, RORγt, encoded by the RORC gene modulates Th17 polarization and function, as well as thymocyte development. Here we define several regulatory elements at the human RORC locus in thymocytes and peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes, with CRISPR/Cas9-guided deletion of these genomic segments supporting their role in RORγt expression. Mechanistically, T cell receptor stimulation induces cyclosporine A-sensitive histone modifications and P300/CBP acetylase recruitment at these elements in activated CD4+ T cells. Meanwhile, NFAT proteins bind to these regulatory elements and activate RORγt transcription in cooperation with NF-kB. Our data thus demonstrate that NFAT specifically regulate RORγt expression by binding to the RORC locus and promoting its permissive conformation. The master transcription factor RORγt, encoded by the RORC gene, controls the polarization of CD4+ T cells expressing interleukin-17 (Th17). Here the authors describe several regulatory elements at the RORC locus that are recognized by NFAT and NFkB to induce a permissive epigenetic configuration of the RORC gene for RORγt expression and Th17 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Yahia-Cherbal
- Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Magda Rybczynska
- Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, Paris, France.,Laboratoire Colloides et Matériaux Divisés, École supérieure de Physique et de Chimie industrielles, Paris, France
| | - Domenica Lovecchio
- Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Tharshana Stephen
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Technologie et Service Cytométrie et Biomarqueurs (UTechS CB), Centre de recherche translationnelle (CRT), Paris, France
| | - Chloé Lescale
- Institut Pasteur, Genome Integrity, Immunity and Cancer Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Department of Immunology, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Paris, France
| | - Katarzyna Placek
- Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, Paris, France.,Immunology and Metabolism, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jérome Larghero
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Cell Therapy Unit and Cord Blood Bank; CIC de Biothérapies, CBT501, Paris, France
| | - Lars Rogge
- Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, Paris, France.
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30
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Xu T, Keller A, Martinez GJ. NFAT1 and NFAT2 Differentially Regulate CTL Differentiation Upon Acute Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:184. [PMID: 30828328 PMCID: PMC6384247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell differentiation orchestrated by transcription regulators is critical for balancing pathogen eradication and long-term immunity by effector and memory CTLs, respectively. The transcription factor Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) family members are known for their roles in T cell development and activation but still largely undetermined in CD8+ T cell differentiation in vivo. Here, we interrogated the role of two NFAT family members, NFAT1 and NFAT2, in the effector and memory phase of CD8+ T cell differentiation using LCMVArm acute infection model. We found that NFAT1 is critical for effector population generation whereas NFAT2 is required for promoting memory CTLs in a cell intrinsic manner. Moreover, we found that mice lacking both NFAT1 and NFAT2 in T cells display a significant increase in KLRG1hi CD127hi population and are unable to clear an acute viral infection. NFAT-deficient CTLs showed different degrees of impaired IFN-γ and TNF-α expression with NFAT1 being mainly responsible for IFN-γ production upon ex-vivo stimulation as well as for antigen-specific cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that NFAT1 and NFAT2 have distinct roles in mediating CD8+ T cell differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ashleigh Keller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gustavo J Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, United States
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31
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Ma R, Xu Y, Zhou H, Zhang D, Yao D, Song L, Liu Y. Participation of the AngII/TRPC6/NFAT axis in the pathogenesis of podocyte injury in rats with type 2 diabetes. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2421-2430. [PMID: 30664212 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical transient receptor potential channel 6 ion channel is expressed in podocytes and is an important component of the glomerular slit diaphragm. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is closely associated with TRPC6 gene mutations, and TRPC6 mediates podocyte injury induced by high glucose. Angiotensin II (AngII) has been revealed to enhance TRPC6 currents in certain types of cells, including podocytes and ventricular myocytes. It has been reported that glucose regulated TRPC6 expression in an AngII‑dependent manner in podocytes and that this pathway is critical in diabetic nephropathy. In the present study, the role of TRPC6 detected by western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction in AngII‑mediated podocyte injury was evaluated in rats with type 2 diabetes induced by high‑calorie diets and streptozotocin. The results demonstrated that urinary albumin excretion was elevated, and morphological changes, including glomerular basement membrane thickening and podocyte process effacement, were observed. There was increased expression of AngII and TRPC6 in diabetic rats. The angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan significantly reduced TRPC6 and nuclear factor of activated T‑cells (NFAT) overexpression in diabetic rats. These results in vivo were confirmed by studies in vitro, which demonstrated that inhibition of TRPC6 ameliorated high glucose‑induced podocyte injury by decreasing NFAT mRNA levels. Taken together, the present results suggested that the AngII/TRPC6/NFAT axis may be a crucial signaling pathway in podocytes that is necessary for maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. In addition, TRPC6 may represent a potential therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Hanyan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Limin Song
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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32
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Borlido J, Sakuma S, Raices M, Carrette F, Tinoco R, Bradley LM, D'Angelo MA. Nuclear pore complex-mediated modulation of TCR signaling is required for naïve CD4 + T cell homeostasis. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:594-605. [PMID: 29736031 PMCID: PMC5976539 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are channels connecting the nucleus with the cytoplasm. We report that loss of the tissue-specific NPC component Nup210 causes a severe deficit of naïve CD4+ T cells. Nup210-deficient CD4+ T lymphocytes develop normally but fail to survive in the periphery. The decreased survival results from both an impaired ability to transmit tonic T cell receptor (TCR) signals and increased levels of Fas, which sensitize Nup210-/- naïve CD4+ T cells to Fas-mediated cell death. Mechanistically, Nup210 regulates these processes by modulating the expression of Cav2 (encoding Caveolin-2) and Jun at the nuclear periphery. Whereas the TCR-dependent and CD4+ T cell-specific upregulation of Cav2 is critical for proximal TCR signaling, cJun expression is required for STAT3-dependent repression of Fas. Our results uncover an unexpected role for Nup210 as a cell-intrinsic regulator of TCR signaling and T cell homeostasis and expose NPCs as key players in the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Borlido
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Sakuma
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marcela Raices
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Florent Carrette
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Roberto Tinoco
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Linda M Bradley
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maximiliano A D'Angelo
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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33
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Tuyishime S, Haut LH, Kurupati RK, Billingsley JM, Carnathan D, Gangahara S, Styles TM, Xiang Z, Li Y, Zopfs M, Liu Q, Zhou X, Lewis MG, Amara RR, Bosinger S, Silvestri G, Ertl HCJ. Correlates of Protection Against SIV mac251 Infection in Rhesus Macaques Immunized With Chimpanzee-Derived Adenovirus Vectors. EBioMedicine 2018; 31:25-35. [PMID: 29685793 PMCID: PMC6013748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on prime-boost vaccine regimens with two simian adenovirus (Ad) vectors (SAdV) or two human serotype Ad vectors (HAdV) expressing Gag and gp160 of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)mac239 tested in HAdV-seropositive rhesus macaques (RMs) repeatedly challenged rectally with low doses of SIVmac251. Both vaccine regimens reduced set point and peak viral loads (PVL) and accelerated viral clearance. In SAdV-vaccinated controller genotype RMs resistance against infection correlated with levels of envelope (Env)-specific antibody (Ab) titers. In both vaccine groups CD8+T cells controlled viral loads (VL) upon infection. Circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed significant changes in their transcriptome over time following vaccination, which differed between the vaccine groups. T cells from SIV-resistant RMs had unique transcriptional profiles indicating that both follicular T helper (TFH) cell responses and highly activated CD8+ T cells may play a role in protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tuyishime
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Gene Therapy and Vaccines Graduate Group of the University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | - James M Billingsley
- Emory University and Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Diane Carnathan
- Emory University and Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sailaja Gangahara
- Emory University and Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tiffany M Styles
- Emory University and Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Yan Li
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Malte Zopfs
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Qin Liu
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | - Rama R Amara
- Emory University and Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Steven Bosinger
- Emory University and Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Emory University and Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
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34
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Li W, Xu D, Li B, Cao N, Guo S, Jiang Q, Tian Y. The polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala koidz(PAMK) alleviates cyclophosphamide-mediated immunosuppression in geese, possibly through novel_mir2 targeting of CTLA4 to upregulate the TCR-NFAT pathway. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26837-26848. [PMID: 35541089 PMCID: PMC9083368 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00368h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala koidz (PAMK) has been proved to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunity promoting effects. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have also been shown to participate in the regulation of immune function by negatively regulating the expression of target genes. However, little is known about how PAMK alleviates the immunosuppression via the miRNA pathway in geese. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of PAMK on immunosuppression. Magang geese (1 day old, n = 200) were randomly divided into groups, namely, the control group (normal feeding), PAMK (fed 400 mg kg−1 PAMK), CTX (injected 40 mg kg−1 BW cyclophosphamide), and CTX + PAMK (40 mg kg−1 BW cyclophosphamide + 400 mg kg−1 PAMK) groups. Thymus development was examined by the thymus index, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The T cell proliferation rate was stimulated by phytoagglutinin (PHA), and T cell activation related genes (CD28, CD96, MHC-II), and IL-2 levels in serum were detected. Differentially expressed miRNAs of geese to regulate T cell activation were found by miRNA sequencing technologies. The results showed that PAMK could alleviate thymus damage and the decrease in the T lymphocyte proliferation rate, T cell activation, and IL-2 levels that were induced by CTX. MiRNA sequencing found that the combination of PAMK and CTX significantly promoted T cell activation via upregulation of novel_mir2 (P < 0.05), which inhibited cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) expressions, thereby promoting the TCR-NFAT signaling pathway. It can be concluded that PAMK, through novel_mir2 targeting of CTLA4 to upregulate TCR pathway, finally alleviated immunosuppression induced by CTX in geese. The polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala koidz (PAMK) has been proved to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunity promoting effects.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyan Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding
- Guangzhou 510225
- P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control
- College of Animal Science
| | - Danning Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding
- Guangzhou 510225
- P. R. China
| | - Bingxin Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding
- Guangzhou 510225
- P. R. China
| | - Nan Cao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding
- Guangzhou 510225
- P. R. China
| | - Sixuan Guo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding
- Guangzhou 510225
- P. R. China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control
- College of Animal Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- P. R. China
| | - Yunbo Tian
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding
- Guangzhou 510225
- P. R. China
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35
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Zhou M, He J, Shen Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Chen Y. New Frontiers in Genetics, Gut Microbiota, and Immunity: A Rosetta Stone for the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8201672. [PMID: 28831399 PMCID: PMC5558637 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8201672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which encompasses ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a complicated, uncontrolled, and multifactorial disorder characterized by chronic, relapsing, or progressive inflammatory conditions that may involve the entire gastrointestinal tract. The protracted nature has imposed enormous economic burdens on patients with IBD, and the treatment is far from optimal due to the currently limited comprehension of IBD pathogenesis. In spite of the exact etiology still remaining an enigma, four identified components, including personal genetic susceptibility, external environment, internal gut microbiota, and the host immune response, are responsible for IBD pathogenesis, and compelling evidence has suggested that IBD may be triggered by aberrant and continuing immune responses to gut microbiota in genetically susceptibility individuals. The past decade has witnessed the flourishing of research on genetics, gut microbiota, and immunity in patients with IBD. Therefore, in this review, we will comprehensively exhibit a series of novel findings and update the major advances regarding these three fields. Undoubtedly, these novel findings have opened a new horizon and shed bright light on the causality research of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yujie Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China
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