1
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Pan B, Liu C, Su J, Xia C. Activation of AMPK inhibits cervical cancer growth by hyperacetylation of H3K9 through PCAF. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:306. [PMID: 38831454 PMCID: PMC11145780 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation in histone acetylation, a significant epigenetic alteration closely associated with major pathologies including cancer, promotes tumorigenesis, inactivating tumor-suppressor genes and activating oncogenic pathways. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor that regulates a multitude of biological processes. Although a number of studies have identified the mechanisms by which AMPK regulates cancer growth, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS The impact of metformin, an AMPK activator, on cervical cancer was evaluated through assessments of cell viability, tumor xenograft model, pan-acetylation analysis, and the role of the AMPK-PCAF-H3K9ac signaling pathway. Using label-free quantitative acetylproteomics and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP) technology, the activation of AMPK-induced H3K9 acetylation was further investigated. RESULTS In this study, we found that metformin, acting as an AMPK agonist, activates AMPK, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of cervical cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, AMPK activation induces H3K9 acetylation at epigenetic level, leading to chromatin remodeling in cervical cancer. This also enhances the binding of H3K9ac to the promoter regions of multiple tumor suppressor genes, thereby promoting their transcriptional activation. Furthermore, the absence of PCAF renders AMPK activation incapable of inducing H3K9 acetylation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that AMPK mediates the inhibition of cervical cancer growth through PCAF-dependent H3K9 acetylation. This discovery not only facilitates the clinical application of metformin but also underscores the essential role of PCAF in AMPK activation-induced H3K9 hyperacetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Pan
- Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Can Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 515150, China
| | - Jiyan Su
- Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, 528000, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 515150, China.
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Amengual-Cladera E, Morla-Barcelo PM, Morán-Costoya A, Sastre-Serra J, Pons DG, Valle A, Roca P, Nadal-Serrano M. Metformin: From Diabetes to Cancer-Unveiling Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:302. [PMID: 38785784 PMCID: PMC11117706 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Metformin, a widely used anti-diabetic drug, has garnered attention for its potential in cancer management, particularly in breast and colorectal cancer. It is established that metformin reduces mitochondrial respiration, but its specific molecular targets within mitochondria vary. Proposed mechanisms include inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory chain Complex I and/or Complex IV, and mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, among others. These actions lead to cellular energy deficits, redox state changes, and several molecular changes that reduce hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Clinical evidence supports metformin's role in cancer prevention in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Moreover, in these patients with breast and colorectal cancer, metformin consumption leads to an improvement in survival outcomes and prognosis. The synergistic effects of metformin with chemotherapy and immunotherapy highlights its potential as an adjunctive therapy for breast and colorectal cancer. However, nuanced findings underscore the need for further research and stratification by molecular subtype, particularly for breast cancer. This comprehensive review integrates metformin-related findings from epidemiological, clinical, and preclinical studies in breast and colorectal cancer. Here, we discuss current research addressed to define metformin's bioavailability and efficacy, exploring novel metformin-based compounds and drug delivery systems, including derivatives targeting mitochondria, combination therapies, and novel nanoformulations, showing enhanced anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Amengual-Cladera
- Grupo Metabolismo Energético y Nutrición, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (E.A.-C.); (A.M.-C.); (A.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.M.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (D.G.P.); (M.N.-S.)
| | - Pere Miquel Morla-Barcelo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.M.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (D.G.P.); (M.N.-S.)
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Andrea Morán-Costoya
- Grupo Metabolismo Energético y Nutrición, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (E.A.-C.); (A.M.-C.); (A.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.M.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (D.G.P.); (M.N.-S.)
| | - Jorge Sastre-Serra
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.M.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (D.G.P.); (M.N.-S.)
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.M.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (D.G.P.); (M.N.-S.)
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Adamo Valle
- Grupo Metabolismo Energético y Nutrición, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (E.A.-C.); (A.M.-C.); (A.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.M.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (D.G.P.); (M.N.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Roca
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.M.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (D.G.P.); (M.N.-S.)
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03/0043), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Nadal-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; (P.M.M.-B.); (J.S.-S.); (D.G.P.); (M.N.-S.)
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
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3
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Almeida-Nunes DL, Silvestre R, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Ricardo S. Enhancing Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer: The Emerging Role of Metformin and Statins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:323. [PMID: 38203494 PMCID: PMC10779012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer metastization is accompanied by the development of malignant ascites, which are associated with poor prognosis. The acellular fraction of this ascitic fluid contains tumor-promoting soluble factors, bioactive lipids, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles, all of which communicate with the tumor cells within this peritoneal fluid. Metabolomic profiling of ovarian cancer ascites has revealed significant differences in the pathways of fatty acids, cholesterol, glucose, and insulin. The proteins involved in these pathways promote tumor growth, resistance to chemotherapy, and immune evasion. Unveiling the key role of this liquid tumor microenvironment is crucial for discovering more efficient treatment options. This review focuses on the cholesterol and insulin pathways in ovarian cancer, identifying statins and metformin as viable treatment options when combined with standard chemotherapy. These findings are supported by clinical trials showing improved overall survival with these combinations. Additionally, statins and metformin are associated with the reversal of T-cell exhaustion, positioning these drugs as potential combinatory strategies to improve immunotherapy outcomes in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Luísa Almeida-Nunes
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal;
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal;
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- FOREN—Forensic Science Experts, 1400-136 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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4
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Sharma NK, Sarode SC, Bahot A, Sekar G. Secretion of acetylated amino acids by drug-induced cancer cells: perspectives on metabolic-epigenetic alterations. Epigenomics 2023; 15:983-990. [PMID: 37933586 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging understanding of the super-complex and heterogeneous nature of tumor is well supported by metabolic reprogramming, leading survival advantages. Metabolic reprogramming contributes to tumor responsiveness and resistance to various antitumor drugs. Among the numerous adaptations made by cancer cells in response to drug-induced perturbations, key metabolic alterations involving amino acids and acetylated derivatives of amino acids have received special attention. Considering these implications discussed, targeting cancer-associated metabolic pathways, particularly those involving acetylated amino acids, emerges as an important avenue in the pursuit of combinatorial anticancer strategies. As a result, the introduction of mimetic acetylated amino acids represents a promising new class of inhibitors that could be used alongside traditional chemotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Cancer & Translational Research Lab, Dr D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411033, India
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Anjali Bahot
- Cancer & Translational Research Lab, Dr D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411033, India
| | - Gopinath Sekar
- Cancer & Translational Research Lab, Dr D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411033, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, 602117, Tamil Nadu, India
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5
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Rollins JL, Hall RM, Lemus CJ, Leisten LA, Johnston JM. The enhancement of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing using metformin. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 35:101539. [PMID: 37720314 PMCID: PMC10500454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a revolutionary tool that can be used to edit the genome. Specifically, the genome of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) could be edited to correct monogenic blood disorders as well as produce immunotherapies. However, the efficiency of editing HSCs remains low. To overcome this hurdle, we set out to investigate the use of metformin, an FDA-approved drug, to enhance gene modification. We assessed the effect of metformin on the growth of two hematopoietic cell lines: a myeloid-erythroid leukemic cell line (K562 cells) representative of the myeloid population and an immortalized T lymphocyte cell line (Jurkat cells) representative of the lymphoid population. No significant difference in growth patterns was observed in concentrations up to 10 mM metformin in both cell lines. We then assessed the ability of two different concentrations of metformin (0.001 mM or 1 mM), based on our observations, to enhance both (1) the cutting efficiency of Cas9 and (2) the targeting efficiency with the use of a donor DNA repair template. The cutting efficiency of Cas9 was significantly enhanced in a total of five guide RNAs (four specific to a platelet locus and one specific to an erythroid locus) following treatment. In addition, an enhancement in targeting was observed with the use of a GFP-containing donor DNA repair template with both concentrations. Overall, a greater than two-fold increase in GFP expression was noted in cells treated with metformin. This suggests that metformin, an FDA-approved drug, could be added to existing protocols to enhance CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaedyn L. Rollins
- Washington Square, Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA, 95112, USA
| | - Raquel M. Hall
- Washington Square, Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA, 95112, USA
| | - Clara J. Lemus
- Washington Square, Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA, 95112, USA
| | - Lauren A. Leisten
- Washington Square, Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA, 95112, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Johnston
- Washington Square, Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San José, CA, 95112, USA
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6
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Wang M, Zhang J, Wu Y. Tumor metabolism rewiring in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:108. [PMID: 37277821 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains the first in malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. The characteristics of rapid proliferation, extensive implanted metastasis, and treatment resistance of cancer cells require an extensive metabolism rewiring during the progression of cancer development. EOC cells satisfy their rapid proliferation through the rewiring of perception, uptake, utilization, and regulation of glucose, lipids, and amino acids. Further, complete implanted metastasis by acquiring a superior advantage in microenvironment nutrients competing. Lastly, success evolves under the treatment stress of chemotherapy and targets therapy. Understanding the above metabolic characteristics of EOCs helps to find new methods of its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 17 Qihelou St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 17 Qihelou St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 17 Qihelou St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100006, China.
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7
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Izzo LT, Trefely S, Demetriadou C, Drummond JM, Mizukami T, Kuprasertkul N, Farria AT, Nguyen PT, Murali N, Reich L, Kantner DS, Shaffer J, Affronti H, Carrer A, Andrews A, Capell BC, Snyder NW, Wellen KE. Acetylcarnitine shuttling links mitochondrial metabolism to histone acetylation and lipogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf0115. [PMID: 37134161 PMCID: PMC10156126 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The metabolite acetyl-CoA is necessary for both lipid synthesis in the cytosol and histone acetylation in the nucleus. The two canonical precursors to acetyl-CoA in the nuclear-cytoplasmic compartment are citrate and acetate, which are processed to acetyl-CoA by ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) and acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain 2 (ACSS2), respectively. It is unclear whether other substantial routes to nuclear-cytosolic acetyl-CoA exist. To investigate this, we generated cancer cell lines lacking both ACLY and ACSS2 [double knockout (DKO) cells]. Using stable isotope tracing, we show that both glucose and fatty acids contribute to acetyl-CoA pools and histone acetylation in DKO cells and that acetylcarnitine shuttling can transfer two-carbon units from mitochondria to cytosol. Further, in the absence of ACLY, glucose can feed fatty acid synthesis in a carnitine responsive and carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT)-dependent manner. The data define acetylcarnitine as an ACLY- and ACSS2-independent precursor to nuclear-cytosolic acetyl-CoA that can support acetylation, fatty acid synthesis, and cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke T. Izzo
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sophie Trefely
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Christina Demetriadou
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jack M. Drummond
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Takuya Mizukami
- Department of Cancer Epigenetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Nina Kuprasertkul
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aimee T. Farria
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Phuong T. T. Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nivitha Murali
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lauren Reich
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel S. Kantner
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Joshua Shaffer
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hayley Affronti
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alessandro Carrer
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Andrews
- Department of Cancer Epigenetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
| | - Brian C. Capell
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Carmona B, Marinho HS, Matos CL, Nolasco S, Soares H. Tubulin Post-Translational Modifications: The Elusive Roles of Acetylation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040561. [PMID: 37106761 PMCID: PMC10136095 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs), dynamic polymers of α/β-tubulin heterodimers found in all eukaryotes, are involved in cytoplasm spatial organization, intracellular transport, cell polarity, migration and division, and in cilia biology. MTs functional diversity depends on the differential expression of distinct tubulin isotypes and is amplified by a vast number of different post-translational modifications (PTMs). The addition/removal of PTMs to α- or β-tubulins is catalyzed by specific enzymes and allows combinatory patterns largely enriching the distinct biochemical and biophysical properties of MTs, creating a code read by distinct proteins, including microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), which allow cellular responses. This review is focused on tubulin-acetylation, whose cellular roles continue to generate debate. We travel through the experimental data pointing to α-tubulin Lys40 acetylation role as being a MT stabilizer and a typical PTM of long lived MTs, to the most recent data, suggesting that Lys40 acetylation enhances MT flexibility and alters the mechanical properties of MTs, preventing MTs from mechanical aging characterized by structural damage. Additionally, we discuss the regulation of tubulin acetyltransferases/desacetylases and their impacts on cell physiology. Finally, we analyze how changes in MT acetylation levels have been found to be a general response to stress and how they are associated with several human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Carmona
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Susana Marinho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Lopes Matos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Nolasco
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Soares
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
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9
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Wu QJ, Zhang TN, Chen HH, Yu XF, Lv JL, Liu YY, Liu YS, Zheng G, Zhao JQ, Wei YF, Guo JY, Liu FH, Chang Q, Zhang YX, Liu CG, Zhao YH. The sirtuin family in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:402. [PMID: 36581622 PMCID: PMC9797940 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotine adenine dinucleotide(+)-dependent histone deacetylases regulating critical signaling pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and are involved in numerous biological processes. Currently, seven mammalian homologs of yeast Sir2 named SIRT1 to SIRT7 have been identified. Increasing evidence has suggested the vital roles of seven members of the SIRT family in health and disease conditions. Notably, this protein family plays a variety of important roles in cellular biology such as inflammation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, etc., thus, it is considered a potential therapeutic target for different kinds of pathologies including cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and other conditions. Moreover, identification of SIRT modulators and exploring the functions of these different modulators have prompted increased efforts to discover new small molecules, which can modify SIRT activity. Furthermore, several randomized controlled trials have indicated that different interventions might affect the expression of SIRT protein in human samples, and supplementation of SIRT modulators might have diverse impact on physiological function in different participants. In this review, we introduce the history and structure of the SIRT protein family, discuss the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of seven members of the SIRT protein family, elaborate on the regulatory roles of SIRTs in human disease, summarize SIRT inhibitors and activators, and review related clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jun Wu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Fei Yu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Le Lv
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Yang Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Shu Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun-Qi Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wei
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Yi Guo
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Chang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Xiao Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cai-Gang Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Cancer, Breast Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Feng J, Lu H, Ma W, Tian W, Lu Z, Yang H, Cai Y, Cai P, Sun Y, Zhou Z, Feng J, Deng J, Shu Y, Qu K, Jia W, Gao P, Zhang H. Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies synthetic lethality between DOCK1 inhibition and metformin in liver cancer. Protein Cell 2022; 13:825-841. [PMID: 35217990 PMCID: PMC9237198 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-022-00906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is currently a strong candidate anti-tumor agent in multiple cancers. However, its anti-tumor effectiveness varies among different cancers or subpopulations, potentially due to tumor heterogeneity. It thus remains unclear which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient subpopulation(s) can benefit from metformin treatment. Here, through a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9-based knockout screen, we find that DOCK1 levels determine the anti-tumor effects of metformin and that DOCK1 is a synthetic lethal target of metformin in HCC. Mechanistically, metformin promotes DOCK1 phosphorylation, which activates RAC1 to facilitate cell survival, leading to metformin resistance. The DOCK1-selective inhibitor, TBOPP, potentiates anti-tumor activity by metformin in vitro in liver cancer cell lines and patient-derived HCC organoids, and in vivo in xenografted liver cancer cells and immunocompetent mouse liver cancer models. Notably, metformin improves overall survival of HCC patients with low DOCK1 levels but not among patients with high DOCK1 expression. This study shows that metformin effectiveness depends on DOCK1 levels and that combining metformin with DOCK1 inhibition may provide a promising personalized therapeutic strategy for metformin-resistant HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Feng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Wenhao Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Zhuan Lu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yongping Cai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Zilong Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jiaqian Feng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jiazhong Deng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Ying Shu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Kun Qu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Weidong Jia
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,School of Medicine and Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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11
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Wang NF, Jue TR, Holst J, Gunter JH. Systematic review of antitumour efficacy and mechanism of metformin activity in prostate cancer models. BJUI COMPASS 2022; 4:44-58. [PMID: 36569495 PMCID: PMC9766874 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, the first line pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes has demonstrated favourable effects in prostate cancer (PCa) across a range of studies evaluating PCa patient outcomes amongst metformin users. However, a lack of rigorously conducted prospective studies has stalled clinical use in this setting. Despite multiple studies evaluating the mechanisms underpinning antitumour effects of metformin in PCa, to date, no reviews have compared these findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis consolidates the mechanisms accounting for the antitumour effect of metformin in PCa and evaluates the antitumour efficacy of metformin in preclinical PCa studies. Data were obtained through Medline and EMBASE, extracted by two independent assessors. Risk of bias was assessed using the TOXR tool. Meta-analysis compared in vivo reductions of PCa tumour volume with metformin. In total, 447 articles were identified with 80 duplicates, and 261 articles excluded based on eligibility criteria. The remaining 106 articles were assessed and 71 excluded, with 35 articles included for systematic review, and eight included for meta-analysis. The mechanisms of action of metformin regarding tumour growth, viability, migration, invasion, cell metabolism, and activation of signalling cascades are individually discussed. The mechanisms by which metformin inhibits PCa cell growth are multimodal. Metformin regulates expression of multiple proteins/genes to inhibit cellular proliferation, cell cycle progression, and cellular invasion and migration. Published in vivo studies also conclusively demonstrate that metformin inhibits PCa growth. This highlights the potential of metformin to be repurposed as an anticancer agent, warranting further investigation of metformin in the setting of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Fang Wang
- School of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia,Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Toni Rose Jue
- Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Jeff Holst
- School of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia,Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Jennifer H. Gunter
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre‐Queensland, Centre for Genomic and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLDAustralia
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12
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Chen K, Lu P, Beeraka NM, Sukocheva OA, Madhunapantula SV, Liu J, Sinelnikov MY, Nikolenko VN, Bulygin KV, Mikhaleva LM, Reshetov IV, Gu Y, Zhang J, Cao Y, Somasundaram SG, Kirkland CE, Fan R, Aliev G. Mitochondrial mutations and mitoepigenetics: Focus on regulation of oxidative stress-induced responses in breast cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 83:556-569. [PMID: 33035656 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an emerging and fast-developing field of research. Compared to regulation of nucler DNA, mechanisms of mtDNA epigenetic regulation (mitoepigenetics) remain less investigated. However, mitochondrial signaling directs various vital intracellular processes including aerobic respiration, apoptosis, cell proliferation and survival, nucleic acid synthesis, and oxidative stress. The later process and associated mismanagement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) cascade were associated with cancer progression. It has been demonstrated that cancer cells contain ROS/oxidative stress-mediated defects in mtDNA repair system and mitochondrial nucleoid protection. Furthermore, mtDNA is vulnerable to damage caused by somatic mutations, resulting in the dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and energy production, which fosters further generation of ROS and promotes oncogenicity. Mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the collective mitochondrial genome that comprises both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes coupled by crosstalk. Recent reports determined the defects in the collective mitochondrial genome that are conducive to breast cancer initiation and progression. Mutational damage to mtDNA, as well as its overproliferation and deletions, were reported to alter the nuclear epigenetic landscape. Unbalanced mitoepigenetics and adverse regulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) can efficiently facilitate cancer cell survival. Accordingly, several mitochondria-targeting therapeutic agents (biguanides, OXPHOS inhibitors, vitamin-E analogues, and antibiotic bedaquiline) were suggested for future clinical trials in breast cancer patients. However, crosstalk mechanisms between altered mitoepigenetics and cancer-associated mtDNA mutations remain largely unclear. Hence, mtDNA mutations and epigenetic modifications could be considered as potential molecular markers for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of breast cancer. This review discusses the role of mitoepigenetic regulation in cancer cells and potential employment of mtDNA modifications as novel anti-cancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Institue for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Pengwei Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Olga A Sukocheva
- Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Junqi Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mikhail Y Sinelnikov
- Institue for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), 31-5 Lomonosovsky Prospect, 117192, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill V Bulygin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), 31-5 Lomonosovsky Prospect, 117192, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila M Mikhaleva
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Reshetov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yuanting Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yu Cao
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Siva G Somasundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, 223 West Main Street Salem, WV, 26426, USA
| | - Cecil E Kirkland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, 223 West Main Street Salem, WV, 26426, USA
| | - Ruitai Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Street, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Severny pr. 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia; GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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13
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Taylor SE, Chan DK, Yang D, Bruno T, Lieberman R, Siddiqui J, Soong TR, Coffman L, Buckanovich RJ. Shifting the Soil: Metformin Treatment Decreases the Protumorigenic Tumor Microenvironment in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2298. [PMID: 35565427 PMCID: PMC9104826 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Controversy persists regarding metformin's role in cancer therapy. Our recent work suggested metformin acts by impacting the tumor microenvironment (TME), normalizing the epigenetic profile of cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells (CA-MSC). As CA-MSC can negatively impact tumor immune infiltrates, we evaluated metformin's impact on the human TME, focusing on the interplay of stroma and immune infiltrates. Tumor samples from (i) 38 patients treated with metformin and chemotherapy and (ii) 44 non-metformin matched controls were included in a tissue microarray (TMA). The TMA was used to compare the presence of CA-MSC, desmoplasia and immune infiltrates in the TME. In vitro and in vivo models examined metformin's role in alteration of the CA-MSC phenotype. The average percentage of CA-MSC was significantly lower in metformin-treated than in chemotherapy alone-treated tumors (p = 0.006). There were fewer regulatory T-cells in metformin-treated tumors (p = 0.043). Consistent with CA-MSC's role in excluding T-cells from tumor islets, the T-cells were primarily present within the tumor stroma. Evaluation of metformin's impact in vitro suggested that metformin cannot reverse a CA-MSC phenotype; however, the in vivo model where metformin was introduced prior to the establishment of the CA-MSC phenotype supported that metformin can partially prevent the reprogramming of normal MSC into CA-MSC. Metformin treatment led to a decrease in both the presence of protumorigenic CA-MSC and in immune exclusion of T cells, leading to a more immune-permissive environment. This suggests clinical utility in prevention and in treatment for early-stage disease and putatively in immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Taylor
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (D.K.C.); (L.C.); (R.J.B.)
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Daniel K. Chan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (D.K.C.); (L.C.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Dongli Yang
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tulia Bruno
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Richard Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Javed Siddiqui
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Thing Rinda Soong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Lan Coffman
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (D.K.C.); (L.C.); (R.J.B.)
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ronald J. Buckanovich
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (D.K.C.); (L.C.); (R.J.B.)
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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14
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Sharlo KA, Lvova ID, Shenkman BS. Interaction of Oxidative Metabolism and Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression under Muscle Functional Unloading. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022030012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Lemon LS, Orr B, Modugno F, Buckanovich RJ, Coffman L, Edwards RP, Taylor S. Metformin and survival: Is there benefit in a cohort limited to diabetic women with endometrial, breast, or ovarian cancer? Gynecol Oncol 2022; 165:60-66. [PMID: 35140015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the association between metformin and survival in women with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer- 3 hormonally mediated cancers. METHODS We evaluated outcomes in a cohort of 6225 women with T2DM with a new diagnosis of ovarian, breast or endometrial cancer from 2010 to 2019. We classified glycemic medications at time of first cancer diagnosis into 3 tiers in accordance with ADA guidelines. Approaches compared: (i) metformin (tier 1) vs. no glycemic medication, (ii) metformin vs tier 2 medications (sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, SGLT2-inhibitors, DPP4-inhibitors, alpha glucosidase-inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists), (iii) metformin vs tier 3 medications (insulins, amylinomimetics), and (iv) tier 2 vs tier 3 medications. Analyses included Cox proportional-hazards models, Kaplan-Meier curves, and conditional logistic regression in a risk set-sampled nested case-control matched on T2DM duration- all modeling survival. Models were adjusted for demographics, cancer type, A1C, T2DM duration, and number of office visits and hospitalizations. RESULTS Metformin was the most used medication (n = 3232) and consistently demonstrated survival benefit compared with tier 2 and 3 medications, across all methods. Tier 3-users demonstrated highest risk of death when compared to metformin rather than tier 2 [adjHR = 1.83 (95% CI: 1.58, 2.13) vs. adjHR = 1.32 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.57)], despite similar baseline profiles between tier 1 and 2 users. CONCLUSIONS Metformin users experienced increased survival even after accounting for surrogates of diabetes progression. Benefit extended beyond that seen in tier 2-users. Our findings, consistent with prior studies, indicate metformin use improves survival in women with T2DM and hormonally mediated women's cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara S Lemon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America; Department of Clinical Analytics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Centers, PA 15213, United States of America.
| | - Brian Orr
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America; Womens Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute and Hillman Cancer Center, PA 15213, United States of America
| | - Ronald J Buckanovich
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
| | - Lan Coffman
- Womens Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute and Hillman Cancer Center, PA 15213, United States of America; Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
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16
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Khiewkamrop P, Surangkul D, Srikummool M, Richert L, Pekthong D, Parhira S, Somran J, Srisawang P. Epigallocatechin gallate triggers apoptosis by suppressing de novo lipogenesis in colorectal carcinoma cells. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:937-958. [PMID: 35243817 PMCID: PMC9063442 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway has been identified as a regulator of cancer progression and aggressiveness. Downregulation of key lipogenesis enzymes has been shown to activate apoptosis in cancerous cells. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits cancer cell proliferation without causing cytotoxicity in healthy cells. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of EGCG on the promotion of apoptosis associated with the DNL pathway inhibition in cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. We observed that two colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines (HCT116 and HT-29) had a higher cytotoxic response to EGCG treatment than hepatocellular carcinoma cells, including HepG2 and HuH-7. EGCG treatment decreased cell viability and increased mitochondrial damage-triggered apoptosis in both HCT116 and HT-29 cancer cells. Additionally, we treated mice transplanted with HCT116 cells with 30 or 50 mg/kg EGCG for 7 days to evaluate the apoptotic effects of EGCN treatment in a xenograft mouse model of cancer. We observed a decrease in intracellular fatty acid levels, which suggested that EGCG-induced apoptosis was associated with a decrease in fatty acid levels in cancer. Suppression of adenosine triphosphate synthesis by EGCG indicated that cell death induction in cancer cells could be mediated by shared components of the DNL and energy metabolism pathways. In addition, EGCG-induced apoptosis suppressed the expression of the phosphorylation protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling proteins in tumors from xenografted mice. Cytotoxic effects in unaffected organs and tissues of the mouse xenograft model were absent upon EGCG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuriwat Khiewkamrop
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Damratsamon Surangkul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Metawee Srikummool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Lysiane Richert
- KaLy-Cell, 20A rue du Général Leclerc, 67115, Plobsheim, France.,Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, EA 4267 PEPITE, France
| | - Dumrongsak Pekthong
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Supawadee Parhira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Julintorn Somran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Piyarat Srisawang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
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17
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Morale MG, Tamura RE, Rubio IGS. Metformin and Cancer Hallmarks: Molecular Mechanisms in Thyroid, Prostate and Head and Neck Cancer Models. Biomolecules 2022; 12:357. [PMID: 35327549 PMCID: PMC8945547 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the most used drug for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Its antitumor activity has been described by clinical studies showing reduced risk of cancer development in T2DM patients, as well as management of T2DM compared with those receiving other glucose-lowering drugs. Metformin has a plethora of molecular actions in cancer cells. This review focused on in vitro data on the action mechanisms of metformin on thyroid, prostate and head and neck cancer. AMPK activation regulating specific downstream targets is a constant antineoplastic activity in different types of cancer; however, AMPK-independent mechanisms are also relevant. In vitro evidence makes it clear that depending on the type of tumor, metformin has different actions; its effects may be modulated by different cell conditions (for instance, presence of HPV infection), or it may regulate tissue-specific factors, such as the Na+/I- symporter (NIS) and androgen receptors. The hallmarks of cancer are a set of functional features acquired by the cell during malignant development. In vitro studies show that metformin regulates almost all the hallmarks of cancer. Interestingly, metformin is one of these therapeutic agents with the potential to synergize with other chemotherapeutic agents, with low cost, low side effects and high positive consequences. Some questions are still challenging: Are metformin in vitro data able to translate from bench to bedside? Does metformin affect drug resistance? Can metformin be used as a generic anticancer drug for all types of tumors? Which are the specific actions of metformin on the peculiarities of each type of cancer? Several clinical trials are in progress or have been concluded for repurposing metformin as an anticancer drug. The continuous efforts in the field and future in vitro studies will be essential to corroborate clinical trials results and to elucidate the raised questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Galliote Morale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Esaki Tamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Ileana Gabriela Sanchez Rubio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
- Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
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18
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Chronic Treatment with Metformin Has No Disrupting Effect on the Hepatic Circadian Clock in Mice. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020293. [PMID: 35208616 PMCID: PMC8875024 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The antidiabetic agent metformin is known to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in various tissues. Because AMPK can modulate intracellular circadian clocks through regulating the stability of clock components, a single dose of metformin has been reported to affect circadian clocks in the peripheral tissues. In this study, therefore, we investigated whether chronic treatment with metformin causes the impairment of circadian clocks, especially if given at an inappropriate time. Materials and Methods: Non-diabetic C57BL/6J mice were allowed access to food only during 4 h at the beginning of the dark period, and repeatedly i.p. injected with a nearly maximum non-toxic dose of metformin, once daily either at 4 h after the beginning of the dark period or at the beginning of the light period. Diabetic ob/ob mice were given free access to food and treated with metformin in drinking water. Results: Under the controlled feeding regimen, 8-day treatment with metformin did not alter the mRNA expression rhythms of clock genes in both liver and adipose tissue of C57BL/6J mice, regardless of dosing time. In addition, chronic treatment with metformin for 2 weeks affected hepatic AMPK activation rhythm but did not disrupt the circadian clocks in the liver and adipose tissues of the ob/ob mice. Conclusions: These results mitigate concerns that treatment with metformin impairs peripheral circadian clocks, although confirmation is needed in humans.
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19
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How to Slow Down the Ticking Clock: Age-Associated Epigenetic Alterations and Related Interventions to Extend Life Span. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030468. [PMID: 35159278 PMCID: PMC8915189 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations pose one major hallmark of organismal aging. Here, we provide an overview on recent findings describing the epigenetic changes that arise during aging and in related maladies such as neurodegeneration and cancer. Specifically, we focus on alterations of histone modifications and DNA methylation and illustrate the link with metabolic pathways. Age-related epigenetic, transcriptional and metabolic deregulations are highly interconnected, which renders dissociating cause and effect complicated. However, growing amounts of evidence support the notion that aging is not only accompanied by epigenetic alterations, but also at least in part induced by those. DNA methylation clocks emerged as a tool to objectively determine biological aging and turned out as a valuable source in search of factors positively and negatively impacting human life span. Moreover, specific epigenetic signatures can be used as biomarkers for age-associated disorders or even as targets for therapeutic approaches, as will be covered in this review. Finally, we summarize recent potential intervention strategies that target epigenetic mechanisms to extend healthy life span and provide an outlook on future developments in the field of longevity research.
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20
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Singh S, Senapati P, Kundu TK. Metabolic Regulation of Lysine Acetylation: Implications in Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:393-426. [PMID: 36301501 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is the second most well-studied post-translational modification after phosphorylation. While phosphorylation regulates signaling cascades, one of the most significant roles of acetylation is regulation of chromatin structure. Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) serves as the acetyl group donor for acetylation reactions mediated by lysine acetyltransferases (KATs). On the other hand, NAD+ serves as the cofactor for lysine deacetylases (KDACs). Both acetyl-CoA and NAD+ are metabolites integral to energy metabolism, and therefore, their metabolic flux can regulate the activity of KATs and KDACs impacting the epigenome. In this chapter, we review our current understanding of how metabolic pathways regulate lysine acetylation in normal and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Singh
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Parijat Senapati
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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21
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Integrated or Independent Actions of Metformin in Target Tissues Underlying Its Current Use and New Possible Applications in the Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder Area. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313068. [PMID: 34884872 PMCID: PMC8658259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is considered the first-choice drug for type 2 diabetes treatment. Actually, pleiotropic effects of metformin have been recognized, and there is evidence that this drug may have a favorable impact on health beyond its glucose-lowering activity. In summary, despite its long history, metformin is still an attractive research opportunity in the field of endocrine and metabolic diseases, age-related diseases, and cancer. To this end, its mode of action in distinct cell types is still in dispute. The aim of this work was to review the current knowledge and recent findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological effects of metformin in the field of metabolic and endocrine pathologies, including some endocrine tumors. Metformin is believed to act through multiple pathways that can be interconnected or work independently. Moreover, metformin effects on target tissues may be either direct or indirect, which means secondary to the actions on other tissues and consequent alterations at systemic level. Finally, as to the direct actions of metformin at cellular level, the intracellular milieu cooperates to cause differential responses to the drug between distinct cell types, despite the primary molecular targets may be the same within cells. Cellular bioenergetics can be regarded as the primary target of metformin action. Metformin can perturb the cytosolic and mitochondrial NAD/NADH ratio and the ATP/AMP ratio within cells, thus affecting enzymatic activities and metabolic and signaling pathways which depend on redox- and energy balance. In this context, the possible link between pyruvate metabolism and metformin actions is extensively discussed.
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22
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Kaur P, Nagar S, Bhagwat M, Uddin M, Zhu Y, Vancurova I, Vancura A. Activated heme synthesis regulates glycolysis and oxidative metabolism in breast and ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260400. [PMID: 34807950 PMCID: PMC8608300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme is an essential cofactor for enzymes of the electron transport chain (ETC) and ATP synthesis in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Heme also binds to and destabilizes Bach1, a transcription regulator that controls expression of several groups of genes important for glycolysis, ETC, and metastasis of cancer cells. Heme synthesis can thus affect pathways through which cells generate energy and precursors for anabolism. In addition, increased heme synthesis may trigger oxidative stress. Since many cancers are characterized by a high glycolytic rate regardless of oxygen availability, targeting glycolysis, ETC, and OXPHOS have emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy. Here, we report that enhancing heme synthesis through exogenous supplementation of heme precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) suppresses oxidative metabolism as well as glycolysis and significantly reduces proliferation of both ovarian and breast cancer cells. ALA supplementation also destabilizes Bach1 and inhibits migration of both cell types. Our data indicate that the underlying mechanisms differ in ovarian and breast cancer cells, but involve destabilization of Bach1, AMPK activation, and induction of oxidative stress. In addition, there appears to be an inverse correlation between the activity of oxidative metabolism and ALA sensitivity. Promoting heme synthesis by ALA supplementation may thus represent a promising new anti-cancer strategy, particularly in cancers that are sensitive to altered redox signaling, or in combination with strategies that target the antioxidant systems or metabolic weaknesses of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritpal Kaur
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, United States of America
| | - Shreya Nagar
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, United States of America
| | - Madhura Bhagwat
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Uddin
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, United States of America
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, United States of America
| | - Ivana Vancurova
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, United States of America
| | - Ales Vancura
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Fu Y, Zou T, Shen X, Nelson PJ, Li J, Wu C, Yang J, Zheng Y, Bruns C, Zhao Y, Qin L, Dong Q. Lipid metabolism in cancer progression and therapeutic strategies. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:27-59. [PMID: 34766135 PMCID: PMC8491217 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism represents an important metabolic alteration in cancer. Fatty acids, cholesterol, and phospholipid are the three most prevalent lipids that act as energy producers, signaling molecules, and source material for the biogenesis of cell membranes. The enhanced synthesis, storage, and uptake of lipids contribute to cancer progression. The rewiring of lipid metabolism in cancer has been linked to the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways and cross talk with the tumor microenvironment. The resulting activity favors the survival and proliferation of tumor cells in the harsh conditions within the tumor. Lipid metabolism also plays a vital role in tumor immunogenicity via effects on the function of the noncancer cells within the tumor microenvironment, especially immune‐associated cells. Targeting altered lipid metabolism pathways has shown potential as a promising anticancer therapy. Here, we review recent evidence implicating the contribution of lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer to cancer progression, and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism rewiring in cancer, and potential therapeutic strategies directed toward lipid metabolism in cancer. This review sheds new light to fully understanding of the role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in the context of cancer and provides valuable clues on therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Tiantian Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaotian Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Peter J Nelson
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich Germany
| | - Jiahui Li
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery University Hospital of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jimeng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Christiane Bruns
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery University Hospital of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery University Hospital of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Lunxiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
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24
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Chomanicova N, Gazova A, Adamickova A, Valaskova S, Kyselovic J. The role of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in anticancer activity of metformin. Physiol Res 2021; 70:501-508. [PMID: 34062070 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MTF) is a widely used drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and frequently used as an adjuvant therapy for polycystic ovarian syndrome, metabolic syndrome, and in some cases also tuberculosis. Its protective effect on the cardiovascular system has also been described. Recently, MTF was subjected to various analyzes and studies that showed its beneficial effects in cancer treatment such as reducing cancer cell proliferation, reducing tumor growth, inducing apoptosis, reducing cancer risk in diabetic patients, or reducing likelihood of relapse. One of the MTF's mechanisms of action is the activation of adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Several studies have shown that AMPK/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has anticancer effect in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this review is to present the anticancer activity of MTF highlighting the importance of the AMPK/mTOR pathway in the cancer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chomanicova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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25
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Zhao H, Swanson KD, Zheng B. Therapeutic Repurposing of Biguanides in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:714-730. [PMID: 33865798 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biguanides are a class of antidiabetic drugs that includes phenformin and metformin; however, the former was withdrawn from approval in many countries due to its toxicity. Findings from retrospective epidemiological studies in diabetic populations and preclinical laboratory models have demonstrated that biguanides possess antitumor activities that suggest their repurposing for cancer prevention and treatment. However, a better understanding of how these biguanides behave as antitumor agents is needed to guide their improved applications in cancer therapy, spurring increased interest in their pharmacology. Here, we present evidence for proposed mechanisms of action related to their antitumor activity, including their effects on central carbon metabolism in cancer cells and immune-modulating activity, and then review progress on biguanide repurposing in cancer therapeutics and the possible re-evaluation of phenformin as a cancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Zhao
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kenneth D Swanson
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bin Zheng
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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26
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Ahmed MF, Kanaan G, Mostafa JA. The Role of Metformin in Ovarian Cancer: Does Metformin Increase Survival in Ovarian Neoplasm? Cureus 2021; 13:e13100. [PMID: 33564559 PMCID: PMC7861091 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of metformin in ovarian cancer (OC) remains a topic of research and open discussion. Because OC has a high mortality rate for various reasons, finding a solution is vital. Although metformin has demonstrated a high level of evidence in preventing and increasing survival in other cancers, its role in OC is still not proven. This review highlights the function of metformin as an antineoplastic agent in OC and its effect on overall survival, progress-free survival, and recurrence-free survival. We conducted a literature search in the PubMed database using the medical subject heading keywords, ovarian neoplasm and metformin. The search yielded 94 articles, of which 86 remained after including only English language articles. Finally, 50 articles published between 1997 and 2020 were reviewed. We recommend more randomized controlled trials in the future to determine the safety and efficacy of metformin in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimuna F Ahmed
- General Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ghid Kanaan
- Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Jihan A Mostafa
- Psychiatry, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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27
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Cuyàs E, Verdura S, Martin-Castillo B, Menendez JA. Metformin: Targeting the Metabolo-Epigenetic Link in Cancer Biology. Front Oncol 2021; 10:620641. [PMID: 33604300 PMCID: PMC7884859 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.620641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism can directly drive or indirectly enable an aberrant chromatin state of cancer cells. The physiological and molecular principles of the metabolic link to epigenetics provide a basis for pharmacological modulation with the anti-diabetic biguanide metformin. Here, we briefly review how metabolite-derived chromatin modifications and the metabolo-epigenetic machinery itself are both amenable to modification by metformin in a local and a systemic manner. First, we consider the capacity of metformin to target global metabolic pathways or specific metabolic enzymes producing chromatin-modifying metabolites. Second, we examine its ability to directly or indirectly fine-tune the activation status of chromatin-modifying enzymes. Third, we envision how the interaction between metformin, diet and gut microbiota might systemically regulate the metabolic inputs to chromatin. Experimental and clinical validation of metformin's capacity to change the functional outcomes of the metabolo-epigenetic link could offer a proof-of-concept to therapeutically test the metabolic adjustability of the epigenomic landscape of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Cuyàs
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain.,Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Verdura
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain.,Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.,Unit of Clinical Research, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain.,Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
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28
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Gogineni V, Morand S, Staats H, Royfman R, Devanaboyina M, Einloth K, Dever D, Stanbery L, Aaron P, Manning L, Walter A, Edelman G, Dworkin L, Nemunaitis J. Current Ovarian Cancer Maintenance Strategies and Promising New Developments. J Cancer 2021; 12:38-53. [PMID: 33391401 PMCID: PMC7738841 DOI: 10.7150/jca.49406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While ovarian cancer typically responds well to front line treatment, many patients will relapse within 5 years. Treatment options are less effective at each recurrence highlighting the need for novel maintenance therapies. PolyADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have recently gained approval in ovarian cancer maintenance. Niraparib was approved regardless of BRCA mutation status, however impact on overall survival is limited. Oliparib was approved for BRCA mutant and BRCA wildtype/homologous recombination deficient patients. This review will focus on current frontline ovarian cancer treatment as well molecularly based approaches to ovarian cancer management.
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Yang X, Huang M, Zhang Q, Chen J, Li J, Han Q, Zhang L, Li J, Liu S, Ma Y, Li L, Yang L, Zou S, Han B. Metformin Antagonizes Ovarian Cancer Cells Malignancy Through MSLN Mediated IL-6/STAT3 Signaling. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211027819. [PMID: 34238029 PMCID: PMC8274104 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211027819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, and chemotherapy remains the cornerstone for ovarian cancer management. Due to the unsatisfactory prognosis, a better understanding of the underlying molecular carcinogenesis is urgently required. METHODS Assays for determining cell growth, cell motility, and apoptosis were employed to evaluate the potential antitumor effects of metformin against ovarian cancer cells. Molecular biological methods were employed to explore the underlying mechanism. Human ovarian cancer samples and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) dataset were used for uncovering the clinical significances of mesothelin (MSLN) on ovarian cancer. RESULTS In the present work, we found that metformin treatment led to cell growth and cell migration inhibition, and induced cell apoptosis. Metformin administration also impaired cancer cell stemness and the capillary-like structure formation capacity of SKOV3 cells. On mechanism, metformin treatment remarkably reduced mesothelin (MSLN) expression, downregulated IL-6/STAT3 signaling activity, subsequently resulted in VEGF and TGFβ1 expression. We also observed an oncogenic function of MSLN on ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings suggested that metformin exerts anticancer effects by suppressing ovarian cancer cell malignancy, which attributed to MSLN inhibition mediated IL6/STAT3 signaling and VEGF and TGFβ1 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - JiaQi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - YuLan Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - SiYing Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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Izzo LT, Affronti HC, Wellen KE. The Bidirectional Relationship Between Cancer Epigenetics and Metabolism. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2020; 5:235-257. [PMID: 34109280 PMCID: PMC8186467 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-070820-035832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming are characteristics of cancer cells that, in many cases, are linked. Oncogenic signaling, diet, and tumor microenvironment each influence the availability of metabolites that are substrates or inhibitors of epigenetic enzymes. Reciprocally, altered expression or activity of chromatin-modifying enzymes can exert direct and indirect effects on cellular metabolism. In this article, we discuss the bidirectional relationship between epigenetics and metabolism in cancer. First, we focus on epigenetic control of metabolism, highlighting evidence that alterations in histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, or the enhancer landscape can drive metabolic features that support growth and proliferation. We then discuss metabolic regulation of chromatin-modifying enzymes and roles in tumor growth and progression. Throughout, we highlight proposed therapeutic and dietary interventions that leverage metabolic-epigenetic cross talk and have the potential to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke T Izzo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hayley C Affronti
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Nunes M, Henriques Abreu M, Bartosch C, Ricardo S. Recycling the Purpose of Old Drugs to Treat Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207768. [PMID: 33092251 PMCID: PMC7656306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main challenge in ovarian cancer treatment is the management of recurrences. Facing this scenario, therapy selection is based on multiple factors to define the best treatment sequence. Target therapies, such as bevacizumab and polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, improved patient survival. However, despite their achievements, ovarian cancer survival remains poor; these therapeutic options are highly costly and can be associated with potential side effects. Recently, it has been shown that the combination of repurposed, conventional, chemotherapeutic drugs could be an alternative, presenting good patient outcomes with few side effects and low costs for healthcare institutions. The main aim of this review is to strengthen the importance of repurposed drugs as therapeutic alternatives, and to propose an in vitro model to assess the therapeutic value. Herein, we compiled the current knowledge on the most promising non-oncological drugs for ovarian cancer treatment, focusing on statins, metformin, bisphosphonates, ivermectin, itraconazole, and ritonavir. We discuss the primary drug use, anticancer mechanisms, and applicability in ovarian cancer. Finally, we propose the use of these therapies to perform drug efficacy tests in ovarian cancer ex vivo cultures. This personalized testing approach could be crucial to validate the existing evidences supporting the use of repurposed drugs for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nunes
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (PCCC), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Miguel Henriques Abreu
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (PCCC), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.A.); (C.B.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Bartosch
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (PCCC), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.A.); (C.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center—Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) of the University of Porto/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (PCCC), 4200-162 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.A.); (C.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-570-700
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Li S, Zhou M, Ze K, Sun X, Zhao C, Li Z, Lu H, Jiao Y, Wang T, Li S, Hua L, Cai H, Li X. Protective role of histone deacetylase 4 from ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA lesions. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:1292-1301. [PMID: 32924161 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure is a core factor that leads to skin disease or carcinogenesis through the insufficient repair of DNA lesions. UVB-induced DNA lesions are mainly removed by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) mechanism. The expression of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is altered in the skin upon UVB exposure, indicating its possible implication in UVB-induced DNA lesions repair. Here, we investigated the role of HDAC4 in the NER removal of the main classes of UVB-induced DNA lesions consisting of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PPs). We found that UVB irradiation increased HDAC4 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. HDAC4 interacted with NER factor XPC, which played an important role in effectively removing the UVB-induced DNA lesions. This study provides an understanding of the HDAC4 function in DNA repair, which will allow the development of efficient strategies to protect the skin from UVR-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Medical Engineering, Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Ze
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunming Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhouru Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Medical Engineering, Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyang Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Sengong Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Jiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wenjiang District People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyang Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Su Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Hua
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxing Cai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Medical Engineering, Research Center of Gene Detection, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Brown JR, Chan DK, Shank JJ, Griffith KA, Fan H, Szulawski R, Yang K, Reynolds RK, Johnston C, McLean K, Uppal S, Liu JR, Cabrera L, Taylor SE, Orr BC, Modugno F, Mehta P, Bregenzer M, Mehta G, Shen H, Coffman LG, Buckanovich RJ. Phase II clinical trial of metformin as a cancer stem cell-targeting agent in ovarian cancer. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133247. [PMID: 32369446 PMCID: PMC7308054 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDEpidemiologic studies suggest that metformin has antitumor effects. Laboratory studies indicate metformin impacts cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). As part of a phase II trial, we evaluated the impact of metformin on CSC number and on carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stem cells (CA-MSCs) and clinical outcomes in nondiabetic patients with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).METHODSThirty-eight patients with stage IIC (n = 1)/III (n = 25)/IV (n = 12) EOC were treated with either (a) neoadjuvant metformin, debulking surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy plus metformin or (b) neoadjuvant chemotherapy and metformin, interval debulking surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy plus metformin. Metformin-treated tumors, compared with historical controls, were evaluated for CSC number and chemotherapy response. Primary endpoints were (a) a 2-fold or greater reduction in aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive (ALDH+) CD133+ CSCs and (b) a relapse-free survival at 18 months of more than 50%.RESULTSMetformin was well tolerated. Median progression-free survival was 18.0 months (95% CI 14.0-21.6) with relapse-free survival at 18 months of 59.3% (95% CI 38.6-70.5). Median overall survival was 57.9 months (95% CI 28.0-not estimable). Tumors treated with metformin had a 2.4-fold decrease in ALDH+CD133+ CSCs and increased sensitivity to cisplatin ex vivo. Furthermore, metformin altered the methylation signature in CA-MSCs, which prevented CA-MSC-driven chemoresistance in vitro.CONCLUSIONTranslational studies confirm an impact of metformin on EOC CSCs and suggest epigenetic change in the tumor stroma may drive the platinum sensitivity ex vivo. Consistent with this, metformin therapy was associated with better-than-expected overall survival, supporting the use of metformin in phase III studies.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT01579812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Brown
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel K. Chan
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica J. Shank
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kent A. Griffith
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Huihui Fan
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert Szulawski
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - R. Kevin Reynolds
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carolyn Johnston
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Karen McLean
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shitanshu Uppal
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - J. Rebecca Liu
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lourdes Cabrera
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah E. Taylor
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian C. Orr
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pooja Mehta
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Bregenzer
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Geeta Mehta
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Lan G. Coffman
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald J. Buckanovich
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Metformin: Sentinel of the Epigenetic Landscapes That Underlie Cell Fate and Identity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050780. [PMID: 32443566 PMCID: PMC7277648 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The biguanide metformin is the first drug to be tested as a gerotherapeutic in the clinical trial TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin). The current consensus is that metformin exerts indirect pleiotropy on core metabolic hallmarks of aging, such as the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 and AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian Target Of Rapamycin signaling pathways, downstream of its primary inhibitory effect on mitochondrial respiratory complex I. Alternatively, but not mutually exclusive, metformin can exert regulatory effects on components of the biologic machinery of aging itself such as chromatin-modifying enzymes. An integrative metabolo-epigenetic outlook supports a new model whereby metformin operates as a guardian of cell identity, capable of retarding cellular aging by preventing the loss of the information-theoretic nature of the epigenome. The ultimate anti-aging mechanism of metformin might involve the global preservation of the epigenome architecture, thereby ensuring cell fate commitment and phenotypic outcomes despite the challenging effects of aging noise. Metformin might therefore inspire the development of new gerotherapeutics capable of preserving the epigenome architecture for cell identity. Such gerotherapeutics should replicate the ability of metformin to halt the erosion of the epigenetic landscape, mitigate the loss of cell fate commitment, delay stochastic/environmental DNA methylation drifts, and alleviate cellular senescence. Yet, it remains a challenge to confirm if regulatory changes in higher-order genomic organizers can connect the capacity of metformin to dynamically regulate the three-dimensional nature of epigenetic landscapes with the 4th dimension, the aging time.
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Laski J, Singha B, Wang X, Valdés YR, Collins O, Shepherd TG. Activated CAMKKβ-AMPK signaling promotes autophagy in a spheroid model of ovarian tumour metastasis. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:58. [PMID: 32393385 PMCID: PMC7216359 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A hallmark of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) metastasis is the process of spheroid formation, whereby tumour cells aggregate into 3D structures while in suspension in the peritoneal cavity. EOC spheroids are subjected to bioenergetic stress, thereby activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling to enter a metabolically quiescent state, which can facilitate cell survival under nutrient-limiting conditions. Independently, we have also demonstrated that EOC spheroids induce autophagy, a process that degrades and recycles intracellular components to restore energy and metabolites. Herein, we sought to examine whether AMPK controls autophagy induction as a cell survival mechanism in EOC spheroids. Results We observed a co-ordinate increase in phosphorylated AMPK and the autophagy marker LC3-II during EOC spheroid formation. Reduced AMPK expression by siRNA-mediated knockdown of PRKAA1 and PRKAA2 blocked autophagic flux in EOC spheroids as visualized by fluorescence microscopy using the mCherry-eGFP-LC3B reporter. A complementary approach using pharmacologic agents Compound C and CAMKKβ inhibitor STO-609 to inhibit AMPK activity both yielded a potent blockade of autophagic flux as well. However, direct activation of AMPK in EOC cells using oligomycin and metformin was insufficient to induce autophagy. STO-609 treatment of EOC spheroids resulted in reduced viability in 7 out of 9 cell lines, but with no observed effect in non-malignant FT190 cell spheroids. Conclusions Our results support the premise that CAMKKβ-mediated AMPK activity is required, at least in part, to regulate autophagy induction in EOC spheroids and support cell viability in this in vitro model of EOC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremi Laski
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Departments of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bipradeb Singha
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Departments of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Xu Wang
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,West China School of Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yudith Ramos Valdés
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Olga Collins
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor G Shepherd
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada. .,Departments of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Departments of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,London Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Rd. E., Room A4-836, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada.
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Bhattacharya D, Dutta M, Mukhopadhyay M, Bhattacharyya M, Chowdhury S, Karmakar P. The protective role of metformin in autophagic status in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of type 2 diabetic patients. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1628-1639. [PMID: 32237184 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Metformin is the most common antidiabetic drug. The main objective of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of metformin in starvation-induced autophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of type 2 diabetic patients. PBMCs were isolated from 10 diabetic patients and 7 non-diabetic healthy volunteers. The autophagic puncta and markers were measured with the help of monodansylcadaverine staining and western blot. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy was also performed. No significant changes were observed in the initial autophagy marker protein levels in PBMCs of T2D after metformin treatment though diabetic PBMCs showed a high level of phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin, p62 and reduced expression of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase and lysosomal membrane-associated protein 2, indicating a defect in autophagy. Also, induction of autophagy by tunicamycin resulted in apoptosis in diabetic PBMCs as observed by caspase-3 cleavage and reduced expression of Bcl2. Inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin rendered consistent expression of p62 indicating a defect in the final process of autophagy. Further, electron microscopic studies also confirmed massive vacuole overload and a sign of apoptotic cell death in PBMCs of diabetic patients, whereas metformin treatment reduced the number of autophagic vacuoles perhaps by lysosomal fusion. Thus, our results indicate that defective autophagy in T2D is associated with the fusion process of lysosomes which could be overcome by metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Division of Electron Microscopy, ICMR-NICED, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mainak Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, JIS University, Agarpara, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Shi J, Liu B, Wang H, Zhang T, Yang L. Association of metformin use with ovarian cancer incidence and prognosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 29:140-146. [PMID: 30640696 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2018-000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some clinical and basic research studies have indicated that exposure to metformin might have protective effects against ovarian cancer. However, results from epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of metformin use on the risk of ovarian cancer occurrence and mortality. METHODS Multiple databases were searched to identify studies on the association between use of metformin and risk of ovarian cancer or prognosis, up to August 2018. Relevant information for analysis was extracted. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled risk estimate. RESULTS Thirteen articles were included, of which six articles focused on ovarian cancer incidence and the others focused on prognosis. The pooled OR for ovarian cancer occurrence and mortality comparing metformin use with non-use or use of other hypoglycemic drugs was 0.76 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.93, p = 0.008) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.84, p = 0.006), respectively. Moderate to substantial heterogeneity was observed across included studies. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that use of metformin was significantly associated with a lower incidence and a better prognosis of ovarian cancer in patients with diabetes. Well-designed interventional studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Shi
- Department of Information, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoli Liu
- Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, People's Republic of China
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Okubo K, Isono M, Miyai K, Asano T, Sato A. Fluvastatin potentiates anticancer activity of vorinostat in renal cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2019; 111:112-126. [PMID: 31675763 PMCID: PMC6942444 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning is an emerging approach to developing novel cancer treatments. Vorinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor approved for cancer treatment, but it could attenuate its anticancer activity by activating the mTOR pathway. The HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor fluvastatin reportedly activates the mTOR inhibitor AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), and we thought that it would potentiate vorinostat's anticancer activity in renal cancer cells. The combination of vorinostat and fluvastatin induced robust apoptosis and inhibited renal cancer growth effectively both in vitro and in vivo. Vorinostat activated the mTOR pathway, as evidenced by the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6, and fluvastatin inhibited this phosphorylation by activating AMPK. Fluvastatin also enhanced vorinostat‐induced histone acetylation. Furthermore, the combination induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that was accompanied by aggresome formation. We also found that there was a positive feedback cycle among AMPK activation, histone acetylation, and ER stress induction. This is the first study to report the beneficial combined effect of vorinostat and fluvastatin in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Okubo
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Isono
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Miyai
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Takako Asano
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Akinori Sato
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Vamecq J, Papegay B, Nuyens V, Boogaerts J, Leo O, Kruys V. Mitochondrial dysfunction, AMPK activation and peroxisomal metabolism: A coherent scenario for non-canonical 3-methylglutaconic acidurias. Biochimie 2019; 168:53-82. [PMID: 31626852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA) is a well understood phenomenon in leucine oxidation and ketogenesis disorders (primary 3-MGAs). In contrast, its genesis in non-canonical (secondary) 3-MGAs, a growing-up group of disorders encompassing more than a dozen of inherited metabolic diseases, is a mystery still remaining unresolved for three decades. To puzzle out this anthologic problem of metabolism, three clues were considered: (i) the variety of disorders suggests a common cellular target at the cross-road of metabolic and signaling pathways, (ii) the response to leucine loading test only discriminative for primary but not secondary 3-MGAs suggests these latter are disorders of extramitochondrial HMG-CoA metabolism as also attested by their failure to increase 3-hydroxyisovalerate, a mitochondrial metabolite accumulating only in primary 3-MGAs, (iii) the peroxisome is an extramitochondrial site possessing its own pool and displaying metabolism of HMG-CoA, suggesting its possible involvement in producing extramitochondrial 3-methylglutaconate (3-MG). Following these clues provides a unifying common basis to non-canonical 3-MGAs: constitutive mitochondrial dysfunction induces AMPK activation which, by inhibiting early steps in cholesterol and fatty acid syntheses, pipelines cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA to peroxisomes where a rise in HMG-CoA followed by local dehydration and hydrolysis may lead to 3-MGA yield. Additional contributors are considered, notably for 3-MGAs associated with hyperammonemia, and to a lesser extent in CLPB deficiency. Metabolic and signaling itineraries followed by the proposed scenario are essentially sketched, being provided with compelling evidence from the literature coming in their support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Univ Lille, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Hormonology, Metabolism-Nutrition & Oncology (HMNO), Center of Biology and Pathology (CBP) Pierre-Marie Degand, CHRU Lille, EA 7364 RADEME, University of North France, Lille, France.
| | - Bérengère Papegay
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Vincent Nuyens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Jean Boogaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
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Matrine inhibits the development and progression of ovarian cancer by repressing cancer associated phosphorylation signaling pathways. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:770. [PMID: 31601793 PMCID: PMC6787190 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy with late detection and acquired chemoresistance. Advanced understanding of the pathophysiology and novel treatment strategies are urgently required. A growing body of proteomic investigations suggest that phosphorylation has a pivotal role in the regulation of ovarian cancer associated signaling pathways. Matrine has been extensively studied for its potent anti-tumor activities. However, its effect on ovarian cancer cells and underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Herein we showed that matrine treatment inhibited the development and progression of ovarian cancer cells by regulating proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, invasion and angiogenesis. Matrine treatment retarded the cancer associated signaling transduction by decreasing the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, MEK1/2, PI3K, Akt, mTOR, FAK, RhoA, VEGFR2, and Tie2 in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, matrine showed excellent antitumor effect on chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells. No obvious toxic side effects were observed in matrine-administrated mice. As the natural agent, matrine has the potential to be the targeting drug against ovarian cancer cells with the advantages of overcoming the chemotherapy resistance and decreasing the toxic side effects.
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McGee SL, Hargreaves M. Epigenetics and Exercise. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:636-645. [PMID: 31279665 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics can be defined as 'the structural adaptation of chromosomal regions so as to register, signal, or perpetuate altered activity states.' Increased transcription of key regulatory, metabolic, and myogenic genes is an early response to exercise and is important in mediating subsequent adaptations in skeletal muscle. DNA hypomethylation and histone hyperacetylation are emerging as important crucial events for increased transcription. The complex interactions between multiple epigenetic modifications and their regulation by metabolic changes and signaling events during exercise, with implications for enhanced understanding of the acute and chronic adaptations to exercise, are questions for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L McGee
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia.
| | - Mark Hargreaves
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Najafi M, Cheki M, Hassanzadeh G, Amini P, Shabeeb D, Musa AE. The Radioprotective Effect of Combination of Melatonin and Metformin on Rat Duodenum Damage Induced by Ionizing Radiation: A Histological Study. Adv Biomed Res 2019; 8:51. [PMID: 31516889 PMCID: PMC6712895 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_68_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation toxicity is one of the major concerns for patients with gastrointestinal cancers that undergo radiotherapy. Duodenum is one of the most radiosensitive parts of gastrointestinal system that may be exposed to a high dose of radiation during radiotherapy for some cancers. The development or identification of appropriate radioprotectors with less toxicity is an interesting aim in radiobiology for clinical radiotherapy applications. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the radioprotective effect of melatonin and metformin combination in rat's duodenum. In addition, we compared our results with the radioprotective effect of melatonin, when administered alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male rats were divided into six groups: control, melatonin treatment, melatonin plus metformin treatment, whole-body irradiation, irradiation with melatonin treatment, and irradiation with melatonin plus metformin treatment. Irradiation was performed with 10 Gy cobalt-60 gamma rays, while 100 mg/kg of melatonin and metformin were administered 24 h before to 72 h after irradiation. After 3.5 days, their duodenum tissues were removed for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS Irradiation of rats led to mild-to-moderate mucositis signs, infiltration of inflammatory cells, necrosis, and damage to Brunner's glands and reduction of goblet cells. Melatonin was able to alleviate these damages, while melatonin plus metformin could reduce some radiation toxicity signs. CONCLUSION Administration of melatonin plus metformin could reduce mucositis in duodenum. However, the administration of melatonin is more effective for mitigation of duodenal injury compared with melatonin plus metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Najafi
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Cheki
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, International Campus, Tehran, Iran, Misan, Iraq
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, International Campus, Tehran, Iran, Misan, Iraq
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Marijt KA, Sluijter M, Blijleven L, Tolmeijer SH, Scheeren FA, van der Burg SH, van Hall T. Metabolic stress in cancer cells induces immune escape through a PI3K-dependent blockade of IFNγ receptor signaling. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:152. [PMID: 31196219 PMCID: PMC6567539 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell mediated immunotherapy brought clinical success for many cancer patients. Nonetheless, downregulation of MHC class I antigen presentation, frequently occurring in solid cancers, limits the efficacy of these therapies. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying this type of immune escape is therefore of great importance. We here investigated the immunological effects of metabolic stress in cancer cells as a result of nutrient deprivation. METHODS TC1 and B16F10 tumor cell lines were cultured under oxygen- and glucose-deprivation conditions that mimicked the tumor microenvironment of solid tumors. Presentation of peptide antigens by MHC class I molecules was measured by flow cytometry and via activation of tumor-specific CD8 T cell clones. The proficiency of the IFNy-STAT1 pathway was investigated by Western blots on phosphorylated proteins, transfection of constitutive active STAT1 constructs and qPCR of downstream targets. Kinase inhibitors for PI3K were used to examine its role in IFNy receptor signal transduction. RESULTS Combination of oxygen- and glucose-deprivation resulted in decreased presentation of MHC class I antigens on cancer cells, even in the presence of the stimulatory cytokine IFNy. This unresponsiveness to IFNy was the result of failure to phosphorylate the signal transducer STAT1. Forced expression of constitutive active STAT1 fully rescued the MHC class I presentation. Furthermore, oxygen- and glucose-deprivation increased PI3K activity in tumor cells. Pharmacological inhibition of this pathway not only restored signal transduction through IFNy-STAT1 but also improved MHC class I presentation. Importantly, PI3K inhibitors also rendered tumor cells sensitive for recognition by CD8 T cells in culture conditions of metabolic stress. CONCLUSIONS These data revealed a strong impact of metabolic stress on the presentation of tumor antigens by MHC class I and suggest that this type of tumor escape takes place at hypoxic areas even during times of active T cell immunity and IFNy release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen A Marijt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein Sluijter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Blijleven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Sofie H Tolmeijer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Ferenc A Scheeren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
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Li K, Zhang C, Chen L, Wang P, Fang Y, Zhu J, Chen S, Du J, Shen B, Wu K, Liu Y. The role of acetyl-coA carboxylase2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7037. [PMID: 31218122 PMCID: PMC6568254 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) plays an important role in the metabolism of various cancer cells, but its role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is uncertain. Therefore, in the present study, we explored the role of ACC2 in HNSCC. Methods Western blot and immunohistochemistry assays were used to determine ACC2 protein expression levels in laryngocarcinoma and adjacent normal tissues derived from patients with laryngocarcinoma. ACC2 expression was knocked down in the hypopharyngeal cancer cell line FaDu to determine its effect on apoptosis. Lipid oil red staining was used to test the change of intracellular lipid. Results The results showed that the ACC2 protein was highly expressed in laryngocarcinoma and that the ACC2 expression level was positively associated with the clinical cancer stage and negatively associated with the degree of laryngocarcinoma cell differentiation. Kaplan-Meier analyses indicated that compared with patients having low levels of ACC2, those with high ACC2 levels had a decreased 5-year survival rate. The results of western blot and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assays showed that knockdown of ACC2 accelerated apoptosis in FaDu cells. Furthermore, knockdown of ACC2 significantly reduced the intracellular lipid levels in FaDu cells. Conclusion These findings suggest that ACC2 may be an important prognostic marker for patients with HNSCC and that ACC2 may be a potential target in the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Junwei Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kaile Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yehai Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Thirupathi A, Chang YZ. Role of AMPK and its molecular intermediates in subjugating cancer survival mechanism. Life Sci 2019; 227:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Gong TT, Wu QJ, Lin B, Ruan SK, Kushima M, Takimoto M. Observational Studies on the Association Between Post-diagnostic Metformin Use and Survival in Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:458. [PMID: 31192140 PMCID: PMC6549526 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To summarize and quantify the relationship between post-diagnostic metformin use and ovarian cancer (OC) survival. Methods: We systematically conducted an updated meta-analysis based on observational studies published up to December 31, 2018, identified from PubMed and Web of Science. Two team members independently extracted data and assessed the quality of each study. Summary Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Results: Five cohort studies including 3,582 OC patients were included. All studies were graded as low risk of bias according to the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. Post-diagnostic metformin use was associated with improved overall survival (summarized HR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.31-0.56; I 2 = 0%, P = 0.842) and progression-free survival (summarized HR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.45-1.07; I 2 = 61.9%, P = 0.049) of OC patients. For OC patients with diabetes, post-diagnostic metformin use was associated with improved overall survival (summarized HR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.28-0.95; I 2 = 47.6%, P = 0.149) and progression-free survival (summarized HR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.27-0.55; I 2 = 0%, P = 0.594). No significant publication bias was detected in these analyses. Conclusions: Post-diagnostic metformin use is consistently associated with better survival of OC patients regardless of diabetes status. Studies with larger sample sizes and prospective designs are required to confirm these findings and obtain detailed information, including standardized references for comparison, intensity and dose of metformin use, and further adjustment for potential confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pathology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi-Kai Ruan
- Finance Department, Gies College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Miki Kushima
- Department of Pathology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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Campbell SL, Wellen KE. Metabolic Signaling to the Nucleus in Cancer. Mol Cell 2019; 71:398-408. [PMID: 30075141 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient-sensing mechanisms ensure that cellular activities are coordinated with nutrient availability. Recent work has established links between metabolite pools and protein post-translational modifications, as metabolites are substrates of enzymes that add or remove modifications such as acetylation, methylation, and glycosylation. Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming and exhibit metabolic plasticity that allows them to survive and proliferate within the tumor microenvironment. In this article we review the evidence that, in cancer cells, nutrient availability and oncogenic metabolic reprogramming impact the abundance of key metabolites that regulate signaling and epigenetics. We propose models to explain how these metabolites may control locus-specific chromatin modification and gene expression. Finally, we discuss emerging roles of metabolites in regulating malignant phenotypes and tumorigenesis via transcriptional control. An improved understanding of how metabolic alterations in cancer affect nuclear gene regulation could uncover new vulnerabilities to target therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney L Campbell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Gatla HR, Muniraj N, Thevkar P, Yavvari S, Sukhavasi S, Makena MR. Regulation of Chemokines and Cytokines by Histone Deacetylases and an Update on Histone Decetylase Inhibitors in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1110. [PMID: 30841513 PMCID: PMC6429312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) counteract with each other to regulate gene expression by altering chromatin structure. Aberrant HDAC activity was reported in many human diseases including wide range of cancers, viral infections, cardiovascular complications, auto-immune diseases and kidney diseases. HDAC inhibitors are small molecules designed to block the malignant activity of HDACs. Chemokines and cytokines control inflammation, immunological and other key biological processes and are shown to be involved in various malignancies. Various HDACs and HDAC inhibitors were reported to regulate chemokines and cytokines. Even though HDAC inhibitors have remarkable anti-tumor activity in hematological cancers, they are not effective in treating many diseases and many patients relapse after treatment. However, the role of HDACs and cytokines in regulating these diseases still remain unclear. Therefore, understanding exact mechanisms and effector functions of HDACs are urgently needed to selectively inhibit them and to establish better a platform to combat various malignancies. In this review, we address regulation of chemokines and cytokines by HDACs and HDAC inhibitors and update on HDAC inhibitors in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himavanth Reddy Gatla
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Nethaji Muniraj
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Prashanth Thevkar
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Siddhartha Yavvari
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Sahithi Sukhavasi
- Center for Distance Learning, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, AP 530045, India.
| | - Monish Ram Makena
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Song G, Chen L, Zhang B, Song Q, Yu Y, Moore C, Wang TL, Shih IM, Zhang H, Chan DW, Zhang Z, Zhu H. Proteome-wide Tyrosine Phosphorylation Analysis Reveals Dysregulated Signaling Pathways in Ovarian Tumors. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:448-460. [PMID: 30523211 PMCID: PMC6398206 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent accomplishment of comprehensive proteogenomic analysis of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) tissues reveals cancer associated molecular alterations were not limited to variations among DNA, and mRNA/protein expression, but are a result of complex reprogramming of signaling pathways/networks mediated by the protein and post-translational modification (PTM) interactomes. A systematic, multiplexed approach interrogating enzyme-substrate relationships in the context of PTMs is fundamental in understanding the dynamics of these pathways, regulation of cellular processes, and their roles in disease processes. Here, as part of Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) project, we established a multiplexed PTM assay (tyrosine phosphorylation, and lysine acetylation, ubiquitylation and SUMOylation) method to identify protein probes' PTMs on the human proteome array. Further, we focused on the tyrosine phosphorylation and identified 19 kinases are potentially responsible for the dysregulated signaling pathways observed in HGSOC. Additionally, elevated kinase activity was observed when 14 ovarian cancer cell lines or tumor tissues were subjected to test the autophosphorylation status of PTK2 (pY397) and PTK2B (pY402) as a proxy for kinase activity. Taken together, this report demonstrates that PTM signatures based on lysate reactions on human proteome array is a powerful, unbiased approach to identify dysregulated PTM pathways in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Song
- From the ‡Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Li Chen
- §Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Bai Zhang
- §Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Qifeng Song
- From the ‡Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Yu Yu
- §Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Cedric Moore
- From the ‡Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- §Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
- ¶Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- ¶Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Hui Zhang
- §Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Daniel W Chan
- §Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Zhen Zhang
- §Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231;
| | - Heng Zhu
- From the ‡Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;
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Namgaladze D, Zukunft S, Schnütgen F, Kurrle N, Fleming I, Fuhrmann D, Brüne B. Polarization of Human Macrophages by Interleukin-4 Does Not Require ATP-Citrate Lyase. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2858. [PMID: 30568658 PMCID: PMC6290342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages exposed to the Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL) IL-4 and IL-13 exhibit a distinct transcriptional response, commonly referred to as M2 polarization. Recently, IL-4-induced polarization of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) has been linked to acetyl-CoA levels through the activity of the cytosolic acetyl-CoA-generating enzyme ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY). Here, we studied how ACLY regulated IL-4-stimulated gene expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Although multiple ACLY inhibitors attenuated IL-4-induced target gene expression, this effect could not be recapitulated by silencing ACLY expression. Furthermore, ACLY inhibition failed to alter cellular acetyl-CoA levels and histone acetylation. We generated ACLY knockout human THP-1 macrophages using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. While these cells exhibited reduced histone acetylation levels, IL-4-induced gene expression remained intact. Strikingly, ACLY inhibitors still suppressed induction of target genes by IL-4 in ACLY knockout cells, suggesting off-target effects of these drugs. Our findings suggest that ACLY may not be the major regulator of nucleocytoplasmic acetyl-CoA and IL-4-induced polarization in human macrophages. Furthermore, caution should be warranted in interpreting the impact of pharmacological inhibition of ACLY on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Namgaladze
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Zukunft
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signaling, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Schnütgen
- Department of Medicine 2, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Frankfurt Cancer Institute, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina Kurrle
- Department of Medicine 2, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Frankfurt Cancer Institute, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signaling, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominik Fuhrmann
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, IME, Frankfurt, Germany
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