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Koizumi A, Kaji K, Nishimura N, Asada S, Matsuda T, Tanaka M, Yorioka N, Tsuji Y, Kitagawa K, Sato S, Namisaki T, Akahane T, Yoshiji H. Effects of elafibranor on liver fibrosis and gut barrier function in a mouse model of alcohol-associated liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:3428-3446. [PMID: 39091710 PMCID: PMC11290391 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i28.3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality, but there are no therapeutic targets and modalities to prevent ALD-related liver fibrosis. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α and δ play a key role in lipid metabolism and intestinal barrier homeostasis, which are major contributors to the pathological progression of ALD. Meanwhile, elafibranor (EFN), which is a dual PPARα and PPARδ agonist, has reached a phase III clinical trial for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and primary biliary cholangitis. However, the benefits of EFN for ALD treatment is unknown. AIM To evaluate the inhibitory effects of EFN on liver fibrosis and gut-intestinal barrier dysfunction in an ALD mouse model. METHODS ALD-related liver fibrosis was induced in female C57BL/6J mice by feeding a 2.5% ethanol (EtOH)-containing Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet and intraperitoneally injecting carbon tetrachloride thrice weekly (1 mL/kg) for 8 weeks. EFN (3 and 10 mg/kg/day) was orally administered during the experimental period. Histological and molecular analyses were performed to assess the effect of EFN on steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and intestinal barrier integrity. The EFN effects on HepG2 lipotoxicity and Caco-2 barrier function were evaluated by cell-based assays. RESULTS The hepatic steatosis, apoptosis, and fibrosis in the ALD mice model were significantly attenuated by EFN treatment. EFN promoted lipolysis and β-oxidation and enhanced autophagic and antioxidant capacities in EtOH-stimulated HepG2 cells, primarily through PPARα activation. Moreover, EFN inhibited the Kupffer cell-mediated inflammatory response, with blunted hepatic exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. EFN improved intestinal hyperpermeability by restoring tight junction proteins and autophagy and by inhibiting apoptosis and proinflammatory responses. The protective effect on intestinal barrier function in the EtOH-stimulated Caco-2 cells was predominantly mediated by PPARδ activation. CONCLUSION EFN reduced ALD-related fibrosis by inhibiting lipid accumulation and apoptosis, enhancing hepatocyte autophagic and antioxidant capacities, and suppressing LPS/TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses by restoring intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritoshi Koizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shohei Asada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Misako Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yorioka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Koh Kitagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
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2
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Choi S, Ofosu-Boateng M, Kim S, Nnamani DO, Mah'moud M, Neequaye P, Gebreyesus LH, Twum E, Gonzalez FJ, Yue Cui J, Gyamfi MA. Molecular targets of PXR-dependent ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in female mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116416. [PMID: 38986717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2), a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor signaling potentiates ethanol (EtOH)-induced hepatotoxicity in male mice, however, how PXR signaling modulates EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity in female mice is unknown. Wild type (WT) and Pxr-null mice received 5 % EtOH-containing diets or paired-fed control diets for 8 weeks followed by assessment of liver injury, EtOH elimination rates, histology, and changes in gene and protein expression; microarray and bioinformatic analyses were also employed to identify PXR targets in chronic EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity. In WT females, EtOH ingestion significantly increased serum ethanol and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, hepatic Pxr mRNA, constitutive androstane receptor activation, Cyp2b10 mRNA and protein, oxidative stress, endoplasmic stress (phospho-elF2α) and pro-apoptotic (Bax) protein expression. Unexpectedly, EtOH-fed female Pxr-null mice displayed increased EtOH elimination and elevated levels of hepatic acetaldehyde detoxifying aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a1 (Aldh1a1) mRNA and protein, EtOH-metabolizing alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1), and lipid suppressing microsomal triglyceride transport protein (MTP) protein, aldo-keto reductase 1b7 (Akr1b7) and Cyp2a5 mRNA, but suppressed CYP2B10 protein levels, with evidence of protection against chronic EtOH-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. While liver injury was not different between the two WT sexes, female sex may suppress EtOH-induced macrovesicular steatosis in the liver. Several genes and pathways important in retinol and steroid hormone biosynthesis, chemical carcinogenesis, and arachidonic acid metabolism were upregulated by EtOH in a PXR-dependent manner in both sexes. Together, these data establish that female Pxr-null mice are resistant to chronic EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity and unravel the PXR-dependent and -independent mechanisms that contribute to EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Choi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Malvin Ofosu-Boateng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Sarah Kim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Daniel O Nnamani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Mia Mah'moud
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Prince Neequaye
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Lidya H Gebreyesus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Elizabeth Twum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163 USA.
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3
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Meng X, Wang L, Du YC, Cheng D, Zeng T. PPARβ/δ as a promising molecular drug target for liver diseases: A focused review. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102343. [PMID: 38641250 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Various liver diseases pose great threats to humans. Although the etiologies of these liver diseases are quite diverse, they share similar pathologic phenotypes and molecular mechanisms such as oxidative stress, lipid and glucose metabolism disturbance, hepatic Kupffer cell (KC) proinflammatory polarization and inflammation, insulin resistance, and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and proliferation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) is expressed in various types of liver cells with relatively higher expression in KCs and HSCs. Accumulating evidence has revealed the versatile functions of PPARβ/δ such as controlling lipid homeostasis, inhibiting inflammation, regulating glucose metabolism, and restoring insulin sensitivity, suggesting that PPARβ/δ may serve as a potential molecular drug target for various liver diseases. This article aims to provide a concise review of the structure, expression pattern and biological functions of PPARβ/δ in the liver and its roles in various liver diseases, and to discuss potential future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yan-Chao Du
- Jinan Institute for Product Quality Inspection, Jinan, Shandong 250102, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of Health Test and Detection, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Yerra VG, Drosatos K. Specificity Proteins (SP) and Krüppel-like Factors (KLF) in Liver Physiology and Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4682. [PMID: 36902112 PMCID: PMC10003758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver acts as a central hub that controls several essential physiological processes ranging from metabolism to detoxification of xenobiotics. At the cellular level, these pleiotropic functions are facilitated through transcriptional regulation in hepatocytes. Defects in hepatocyte function and its transcriptional regulatory mechanisms have a detrimental influence on liver function leading to the development of hepatic diseases. In recent years, increased intake of alcohol and western diet also resulted in a significantly increasing number of people predisposed to the incidence of hepatic diseases. Liver diseases constitute one of the serious contributors to global deaths, constituting the cause of approximately two million deaths worldwide. Understanding hepatocyte transcriptional mechanisms and gene regulation is essential to delineate pathophysiology during disease progression. The current review summarizes the contribution of a family of zinc finger family transcription factors, named specificity protein (SP) and Krüppel-like factors (KLF), in physiological hepatocyte functions, as well as how they are involved in the onset and development of hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Cardiovascular Center, Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Mackowiak B, Xu M, Lin Y, Guan Y, Seo W, Ren R, Feng D, Jones JW, Wang H, Gao B. Hepatic CYP2B10 is highly induced by binge ethanol and contributes to acute-on-chronic alcohol-induced liver injury. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:2163-2176. [PMID: 36224745 PMCID: PMC9771974 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronic-plus-binge model of ethanol consumption, where chronically (8-week) ethanol-fed mice are gavaged a single dose of ethanol (E8G1), is known to induce steatohepatitis in mice. However, how chronically ethanol-fed mice respond to multiple binges of ethanol remains unknown. METHODS We extended the E8G1 model to three gavages of ethanol (E8G3) spaced 24 h apart, sacrificed each group 9 h after the final gavage, analyzed liver injury, and examined gene expression changes using microarray analyses in each group to identify mechanisms contributing to liver responses to binge ethanol. RESULTS Surprisingly, E8G3 treatment induced lower levels of liver injury, steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis as compared to mice after E8G1 treatment. Microarray analyses identified several pathways that may contribute to the reduced liver injury after E8G3 treatment compared to E8G1 treatment. The gene encoding cytochrome P450 2B10 (Cyp2b10) was one of the top upregulated genes in the E8G1 group and was further upregulated in the E8G3 group, but only moderately induced after chronic ethanol consumption, as confirmed by RT-qPCR and western blot analyses. Genetic disruption of Cyp2b10 worsened liver injury in E8G1 and E8G3 mice with higher blood ethanol levels compared to wild-type control mice, while in vitro experiments revealed that CYP2b10 did not directly promote ethanol metabolism. Metabolomic analyses revealed significant differences in hepatic metabolites from E8G1-treated Cyp2b10 knockout and WT mice, and these metabolic alterations may contribute to the reduced liver injury in Cyp2b10 knockout mice. CONCLUSION Hepatic Cyp2b10 expression is highly induced after ethanol binge, and such upregulation reduces acute-on-chronic ethanol-induced liver injury via the indirect modification of ethanol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuhong Lin
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruixue Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jace W. Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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6
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Sundekilde UK, Kristensen CM, Olsen MA, Pilegaard H, Rasmussen MK. Time-dependent regulation of hepatic Cytochrome P450 mRNA in male liver-specific PGC-1α knockout mice. Toxicology 2022; 469:153121. [PMID: 35143910 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm has profound effect on the body, exerting effects on diverse events like sleep-wake patterns, eating behavior and hepatic detoxification. The cytochrome p450 s (Cyps) is the main group of enzymes responsible for detoxification. However, the underlying mechanisms behind circadian regulation of the Cyps are currently not fully clarified. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the requirement of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) for the circadian regulation of the hepatic expression of Cyp1-4 using liver-specific PGC-1α knockout (LKO) mice and littermate controls. The circadian regulator genes Bmal1 and Clock displayed decreased mRNA content at zietgeber time (ZT) 12, compared to ZT-2 and the mRNA content of Cyp2a4 and Cyp2e1 was higher at ZT-12 than at ZT-2. Moreover, the increase in Cyp2e1 mRNA content was not observed in the PGC-1α LKO mice and hepatic PGC-1α deficiency tended to blunt the rhythmic expression of Clock and Bmal1. However, no circadian regulation was evident at the protein level for the investigated Cyps except for a change in Cyp2e1 protein content in the LKO mice. Of the measured transcription factors, only, the mRNA content of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, showed rhythmic expression. To further analyze the difference between the control and LKO mice, principal component analyses were executed on the mRNA data. This demonstrated a clear separation of the experimental groups with respect to ZT and genotype. Our finding provides novel insight into the role of hepatic PGC-1α for basic and circadian expression of Cyps in mouse liver. This is important for our understanding of the molecular events behind circadian Cyp regulation and hence circadian regulation of hepatic detoxification capacity.
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7
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Koga T, Peters JM. Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) for the Treatment or Prevention of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1598-1606. [PMID: 34719638 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive, chronic alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic liver disease. The etiology of alcoholic liver disease is multifactorial and is influenced by alterations in gene expression and changes in fatty acid metabolism, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. These events can lead to steatosis, fibrosis, and eventually to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Many of these functions are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Thus, it is not surprising that PPARs can modulate the mechanisms that cause alcoholic liver disease. While the roles of PPARα and PPARγ are clearer, the role of PPARβ/δ in alcoholic liver disease requires further clarification. This review summarizes the current understanding based on recent studies that indicate that PPARβ/δ can likely be targeted for the treatment and/or the prevention of alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Koga
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Health Science and Hygiene, Daiichi University of Pharmacy
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University
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8
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Ren S, Sun G, Wu Z, Lin Y, Wang S, Dong D, Yu P, Huang H, Wu B. mmu-miR-199a-5p regulates CYP2B10 through repression of E4BP4 in mouse AML-12 hepatocytes. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1101-1109. [PMID: 34382487 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1968067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
miR-199a-5p is an important regulator of many biological processes. However, whether and how CYP enzymes are regulated by miR-199a-5p are unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate a potential role of mmu-miR-199a-5p in regulating CYP2 enzymes.Regulatory effects of mmu-miR-199a-5p on CYP expression were assessed in mouse AML-12 hepatocytes. Metabolic activity of CYP2B10 was probed using cyclophosphamide (CPA) as a specific substrate. Regulatory mechanism was investigated using combined luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation.Of several important drug-metabolizing CYPs, mmu-miR-199a-5p significantly increased the mRNA levels of Cyp2a10, Cyp2c29 and Cyp2j5 in AML-12 cells with Cyp2a10 altered the most. Consistently, mmu-miR-199a-5p enhanced the expression of CYP2B10 protein and cellular metabolism of CPA. Based on database analysis, Cyp2b10 was not a direct target gene of mmu-miR-199a-5p. Thus, a mediator is necessary for the miRNA regulation of CYP2B10. We found that E4BP4 repressed Cyp2b10 transcription and expression through specific binding to a D-box element in the gene promoter. Moreover, mmu-miR-199a-5p inhibited the expression of E4bp4 at the posttranscriptional level by directly targeting the 59-65 nt segment in its 3'UTR.In conclusion, mmu-miR-199a-5p positively regulates CYP2B10 expression through inhibiting its repressor E4BP4. Our findings may provide increased understanding of the complex regulatory pathways for CYP2B10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of molecular rhythm and metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of molecular rhythm and metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengping Wu
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanke Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of molecular rhythm and metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of molecular rhythm and metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Dong
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Institute of molecular rhythm and metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Foreman JE, Koga T, Kosyk O, Kang BH, Zhu X, Cohen SM, Billy LJ, Sharma AK, Amin S, Gonzalez FJ, Rusyn I, Peters JM. Species differences between mouse and human PPARα in modulating the hepatocarcinogenic effects of perinatal exposure to a high-affinity human PPARα agonist in mice. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:81-92. [PMID: 34081146 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that species differences exist between rodents and humans in their biological responses to ligand activation of PPARα. Moreover, neonatal/postnatal rodents may be more sensitive to the effects of activating PPARα. Thus, the present studies examined the effects of chronic ligand activation of PPARα initiated during early neonatal development and continued into adulthood on hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Wild-type, Ppara-null, or PPARA-humanized mice were administered a potent, high affinity human PPARα agonist GW7647, and cohorts of mice were examined over time. Activation of PPARα with GW7647 increased expression of known PPARα target genes in liver and was associated with hepatomegaly, increased hepatic cytotoxicity and necrosis, increased expression of hepatic MYC, and a high incidence of hepatocarcinogenesis in wild-type mice. These effects did not occur or were largely diminished in Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice, although background levels of hepatocarcinogenesis were also noted in both Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice. More fatty change (steatosis) was also observed in both Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice independent of GW7647 administration. Results from these studies indicate that the mouse PPARα is required to mediate hepatocarcinogenesis induced by GW7647 in mice and that activation of the human PPARα with GW7647 in PPARA-humanized mice are diminished compared to wild-type mice. Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice are valuable tools for examining species differences in the mechanisms of PPARα-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, but background levels of liver cancer observed in aged Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice must be considered when interpreting results from studies that use these models. These results also demonstrate that early life exposure to a potent human PPARα agonist does not enhance sensitivity to hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Foreman
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Takayuki Koga
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Oksana Kosyk
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Boo-Hyon Kang
- Non-clinical Research Institute, Yangji, Yongin, 17162, Gu Chemon, Myeon, Cheoin-, Si, Gyeonggi-Do Korea
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-3135
| | - Laura J Billy
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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10
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Foreman JE, Koga T, Kosyk O, Kang BH, Zhu X, Cohen SM, Billy LJ, Sharma AK, Amin S, Gonzalez FJ, Rusyn I, Peters JM. Diminished hepatocarcinogenesis by a potent, high affinity human PPARα agonist in PPARA-humanized mice. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:70-80. [PMID: 34081128 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice are refractory to hepatocarcinogenesis caused by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) agonist Wy-14,643. However, the duration of these earlier studies was limited to approximately one year of treatment, and the ligand used has higher affinity for the mouse PPARα compared to the human PPARα. Thus, the present study examined the effect of long-term administration of a potent, high affinity human PPARα agonist (GW7647) on hepatocarcinogenesis in wild-type, Ppara-null, or PPARA-humanized mice. In wild-type mice, GW7647 caused hepatic expression of known PPARα target genes, hepatomegaly, hepatic MYC expression, hepatic cytotoxicity, and a high incidence of hepatocarcinogenesis. By contrast, these effects were essentially absent in Ppara-null mice or diminished in PPARA-humanized mice, although hepatocarcinogenesis was observed in both genotypes. Enhanced fatty change (steatosis) was also observed in both Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice independent of GW7647. PPARA-humanized mice administered GW7647 also exhibited increased necrosis after five weeks of treatment. Results from these studies demonstrate that the mouse PPARα is required for hepatocarcinogenesis induced by GW7647 administered throughout adulthood. Results also indicate that a species difference exists between rodent and human PPARα in the response to ligand activation of PPARα. The hepatocarcinogenesis observed in control and treated Ppara-null mice is likely mediated in part by increased hepatic fatty change, whereas the hepatocarcinogenesis observed in PPARA-humanized mice may also be due to enhanced fatty change and cytotoxicity that could be influenced by minimal activity of the human PPARα in this mouse line on downstream mouse PPARα target genes. The Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mouse models are valuable tools for examining the mechanisms of PPARα-induced hepatocarcinogenesis but the background level of liver cancer must be controlled for in the design and interpretation of studies that use these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Foreman
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Takayuki Koga
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Oksana Kosyk
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Boo-Hyon Kang
- Non-clinical Research Institute, Chemon, Yangji-Myeon, Yongin, 17162, Gu Cheoin-, Si, Gyeonggi-Do Korea
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-3135
| | - Laura J Billy
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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11
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Dietary Erythrodiol Modifies Hepatic Transcriptome in Mice in a Sex and Dose-Dependent Way. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197331. [PMID: 33020388 PMCID: PMC7582860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrodiol is a terpenic compound found in a large number of plants. To test the hypotheses that its long-term administration may influence hepatic transcriptome and this could be influenced by the presence of APOA1-containing high-density lipoproteins (HDL), Western diets containing 0.01% of erythrodiol (10 mg/kg dose) were provided to Apoe- and Apoa1-deficient mice. Hepatic RNA-sequencing was carried out in male Apoe-deficient mice fed purified Western diets differing in the erythrodiol content. The administration of this compound significantly up- regulated 68 and down-regulated 124 genes at the level of 2-fold change. These genes belonged to detoxification processes, protein metabolism and nucleic acid related metabolites. Gene expression changes of 21 selected transcripts were verified by RT-qPCR. Ccl19-ps2, Cyp2b10, Rbm14-rbm4, Sec61g, Tmem81, Prtn3, Amy2a5, Cyp2b9 and Mup1 showed significant changes by erythrodiol administration. When Cyp2b10, Dmbt1, Cyp2b13, Prtn3 and Cyp2b9 were analyzed in female Apoe-deficient mice, no change was observed. Likewise, no significant variation was observed in Apoa1- or in Apoe-deficient mice receiving doses ranging from 0.5 to 5 mg/kg erythrodiol. Our results give evidence that erythrodiol exerts a hepatic transcriptional role, but this is selective in terms of sex and requires a threshold dose. Furthermore, it requires an APOA1-containing HDL.
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12
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Morales-Prieto N, López de Lerma N, Pacheco IL, Huertas-Abril PV, Pérez J, Peinado R, Abril N. Protective effect of Pedro-Ximénez must against p,p'-DDE-induced liver damages in aged Mus spretus mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 136:110984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Morales-Prieto N, Huertas-Abril PV, López de Lerma N, Pacheco IL, Pérez J, Peinado R, Abril N. Pedro Ximenez sun-dried grape must: a dietary supplement for a healthy longevity. Food Funct 2020; 11:4387-4402. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00204f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sun-dried Pedro Ximénez white grapes must (PXM) is a potent antioxidant that regularizes apoptosis, proliferation, and regeneration of the structure and the function of aged mice liver. PXM consumption contributes to a healthy aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Morales-Prieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3
- Universidad de Córdoba
- 14071 Córdoba
- Spain
| | - Paula V. Huertas-Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3
- Universidad de Córdoba
- 14071 Córdoba
- Spain
| | | | - Isabel. L. Pacheco
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas. Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad de Córdoba
- 14071 Córdoba
- Spain
| | - José Pérez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas. Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad de Córdoba
- 14071 Córdoba
- Spain
| | - Rafael Peinado
- Departamento de Química Agrícola
- Universidad de Córdoba
- 14071 Córdoba
- Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3
- Universidad de Córdoba
- 14071 Córdoba
- Spain
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14
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Concurrent activation of growth factor and nutrient arms of mTORC1 induces oxidative liver injury. Cell Discov 2019; 5:60. [PMID: 31754457 PMCID: PMC6868011 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-019-0131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
mTORC1 is a protein kinase important for metabolism and is regulated by growth factor and nutrient signaling pathways, mediated by the Rheb and Rag GTPases, respectively. Here we provide the first animal model in which both pathways were upregulated through concurrent mutations in their GTPase-activating proteins, Tsc1 and Depdc5. Unlike former models that induced limited mTORC1 upregulation, hepatic deletion of both Tsc1 and Depdc5 (DKO) produced strong, synergistic activation of the mTORC1 pathway and provoked pronounced and widespread hepatocyte damage, leading to externally visible liver failure phenotypes, such as jaundice and systemic growth defects. The transcriptome profile of DKO was different from single knockout mutants but similar to those of diseased human livers with severe hepatitis and mouse livers challenged with oxidative stress-inducing chemicals. In addition, DKO liver cells exhibited prominent molecular pathologies associated with excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, DNA damage and inflammation. Although DKO liver pathologies were ameliorated by mTORC1 inhibition, ER stress suppression unexpectedly aggravated them, suggesting that ER stress signaling is not the major conduit of how hyperactive mTORC1 produces liver damage. Interestingly, superoxide scavengers N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Tempol, chemicals that reduce oxidative stress, were able to recover liver phenotypes, indicating that mTORC1 hyperactivation induced liver damage mainly through oxidative stress pathways. Our study provides a new model of unregulated mTORC1 activation through concomitant upregulation of growth factor and nutrient signaling axes and shows that mTORC1 hyperactivation alone can provoke oxidative tissue injury.
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15
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Deng J, Guo L, Wu B. Circadian Regulation of Hepatic Cytochrome P450 2a5 by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1538-1545. [PMID: 30154104 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.083071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human CYP2A6 (Cyp2a5 in mice) plays an important role in metabolism and detoxification of various drugs and chemicals. Here, we investigated a potential role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Ppar-γ) in circadian regulation of the Cyp2a5 enzyme. We first showed that Cyp2a5 mRNA and protein in mouse liver displayed robust circadian oscillations. Consistent with a circadian protein pattern, Cyp2a5-mediated 7-hydroxylation of coumarin was circadian time-dependent. Formation of 7-hydroxycoumarin was more extensive at a dosing time of Zeitgeber time 2 (ZT2) than that at ZT14. Interestingly, the nuclear receptor Ppar-γ was also a circadian gene. Circadian Ppar-γ protein level was strongly correlated with the Cyp2a5 mRNA level (r = 0.989). Furthermore, Ppar-γ activation (by a selective agonist, rosiglitazone) upregulated Cyp2a5 expression in Hepa-1c1c7 cells, whereas Ppar-γ knockdown downregulated Cyp2a5 expression. Also, Ppar-γ knockdown blunted the rhythmicity of Cyp2a5 mRNA in serum-shocked Hepa-1c1c7 cells. In addition, a combination of promoter truncation analysis, mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Ppar-γ directly bound to a PPAR response element (i.e., the -1418- to -1396-bp region) within Cyp2a5 promoter and activated the gene transcription. Taken together, Ppar-γ was a transcriptional activator of Cyp2a5, and its rhythmic expression contributed to circadian expression of Cyp2a5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangming Deng
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy (J.D., L.G., B.W.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research (J.D., B.W.), Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianxia Guo
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy (J.D., L.G., B.W.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research (J.D., B.W.), Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy (J.D., L.G., B.W.) and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research (J.D., B.W.), Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Choi S, Gyamfi AA, Neequaye P, Addo S, Gonzalez FJ, Gyamfi MA. Role of the pregnane X receptor in binge ethanol-induced steatosis and hepatotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:165-178. [PMID: 29431616 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.244665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor that defends against toxic agents. We have shown that PXR promotes chronic ethanol (EtOH)-induced steatosis. Therefore, we examined the role of PXR in binge EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity. Male wild type (WT) and Pxr-null mice were orally administered three binge doses of EtOH (4.5 g/kg, every 12 hours) and euthanized four hours after the final dose. Pxr-null mice displayed higher basal mRNA levels of hepatic lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (Srebp-1c) and its target stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1) and the lipid peroxide detoxifying aldo-keto reductase 1b7 (Akr1b7) and higher protein levels of EtOH-metabolizing alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1). In both genotypes, binge EtOH-induced triglyceride accumulation was associated with inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation and upregulation of Srebp-1c- regulated lipogenic genes and hepatic CYP2E1 protein. Unexpectedly, gene expression of Cyp2b10, a constitutive androstane receptor target gene, implicated in EtOH hepatotoxicity, was PXR-dependent upregulated by binge EtOH. Also, PXR-dependent was the binge EtOH-induced inhibition of hepatic Akr1b8 mRNA, and protein levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 1A1 and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, but increased pro-apoptotic Bax protein expression, leading to increases in residual EtOH concentration and the cellular oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde. In contrast, Pxr-null mice displayed increased Akr1b7 gene and ADH1 protein expression and hypertriglyceridemia following binge EtOH exposure. Taken together, this study demonstrates that PXR ablation prevents EtOH induced upregulation of Cyp2b10 and that PXR potentiates binge EtOH-induced oxidative stress and inhibition of EtOH catabolism, but protects against alcoholic hyperlipidemia.
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17
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Choi S, Neequaye P, French SW, Gonzalez FJ, Gyamfi MA. Pregnane X receptor promotes ethanol-induced hepatosteatosis in mice. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1-17. [PMID: 29123032 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.815217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor that modulates the metabolic response to drugs and toxic agents. Both PXR activation and deficiency promote hepatic triglyceride accumulation, a hallmark feature of alcoholic liver disease. However, the molecular mechanism of PXR-mediated activation of ethanol (EtOH)-induced steatosis is unclear. Here, using male wildtype (WT) and Pxr-null mice, we examined PXR-mediated regulation of chronic EtOH-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatotoxicity. EtOH ingestion for 8 weeks significantly (1.8-fold) up-regulated Pxr mRNA levels in WT mice. The EtOH exposure also increased mRNAs encoding hepatic constitutive androstane receptor (3-fold) and its target, Cyp2b10 (220-fold), in a PXR-dependent manner. Furthermore, WT mice had higher serum EtOH levels and developed hepatic steatosis characterized by micro- and macrovesicular lipid accumulation. Consistent with the development of steatosis, lipogenic gene induction was significantly increased in WT mice, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c target gene fatty-acid synthase (3.0-fold), early growth response-1 (3.2-fold), and TNFα (3.0-fold), whereas the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α target genes was suppressed. Of note, PXR deficiency suppressed these changes and steatosis. Protein levels, but not mRNAs levels, of EtOH-metabolizing enzymes, including alcohol dehydrogenase 1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1, and catalase, as well as the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, involved in regulating lipid output were higher in Pxr-null than in WT mice. These findings establish that PXR signaling contributes to ALD development and suggest that PXR antagonists may provide a new approach for ALD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Choi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707
| | - Prince Neequaye
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707.
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18
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Piccolo P, Annunziata P, Soria LR, Attanasio S, Barbato A, Castello R, Carissimo A, Quagliata L, Terracciano LM, Brunetti-Pierri N. Down-regulation of hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α and defective zonation in livers expressing mutant Z α1-antitrypsin. Hepatology 2017; 66:124-135. [PMID: 28295475 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED α1 -Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is one of the most common genetic disorders and the liver disease due to the Z mutant of AAT (ATZ) is a prototype of conformational disorder due to protein misfolding with consequent aberrant intermolecular protein aggregation. In the present study, we found that livers of PiZ transgenic mice expressing human ATZ have altered expression of a network of hepatocyte transcriptional factors, including hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α, that is early down-regulated and induces a transcriptional repression of ATZ expression. Reduced hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α was associated with activation of β-catenin, which regulates liver zonation. Livers of PiZ mice and human patients with AAT deficiency were both found to have a severe perturbation of liver zonation. Functionally, PiZ mice showed a severe defect of ureagenesis, as shown by increased baseline ammonia, and reduced urea production and survival after an ammonia challenge. Down-regulation of hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α expression and defective zonation in livers have not been recognized so far as features of the liver disease caused by ATZ and are likely involved in metabolic disturbances and in the increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with AAT deficiency. CONCLUSION The findings of this study are consistent with the concept that abnormal AAT protein conformation and intrahepatic accumulation have broad effects on metabolic liver functions. (Hepatology 2017;66:124-135).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Piccolo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Leandro R Soria
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Attanasio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Barbato
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Castello
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luca Quagliata
- Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi M Terracciano
- Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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