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Zeng Y, Ahmed HGMD, Li X, Yang L, Pu X, Yang X, Yang T, Yang J. Physiological Mechanisms by Which the Functional Ingredients in Beer Impact Human Health. Molecules 2024; 29:3110. [PMID: 38999065 PMCID: PMC11243521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutritional therapy, for example through beer, is the best solution to human chronic diseases. In this article, we demonstrate the physiological mechanisms of the functional ingredients in beer with health-promoting effects, based on the PubMed, Google, CNKI, and ISI Web of Science databases, published from 1997 to 2024. Beer, a complex of barley malt and hops, is rich in functional ingredients. The health effects of beer against 26 chronic diseases are highly similar to those of barley due to the physiological mechanisms of polyphenols (phenolic acids, flavonoids), melatonin, minerals, bitter acids, vitamins, and peptides. Functional beer with low purine and high active ingredients made from pure barley malt, as well as an additional functional food, represents an important development direction, specifically, ginger beer, ginseng beer, and coix-lily beer, as consumed by our ancestors ca. 9000 years ago. Low-purine beer can be produced via enzymatic and biological degradation and adsorption of purines, as well as dandelion addition. Therefore, this review paper not only reveals the physiological mechanisms of beer in overcoming chronic human diseases, but also provides a scientific basis for the development of functional beer with health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Xia Li
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Li'e Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650205, China
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2
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de la Peña I, Afable T, Dahilig-Talan VR, Cruz P. Review of Plant Extracts and Active Components: Mechanisms of Action for the Treatment of Obesity-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Brain Sci 2023; 13:929. [PMID: 37371407 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been shown to negatively impact cognitive functions, but effective treatments for obesity-induced cognitive impairment are lacking. Natural dietary and plant products, functional foods, and plant-derived compounds have gained attention as potential remedies in part due to the nootropic properties of plants and certain plant-derived agents. This review discusses plant extracts and plant-derived substances that have been shown to ameliorate obesity-induced cognitive impairment in animal models. Mechanistic evaluations of their therapeutic effects are also summarized. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, resulting in the review of 27 English language articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The nine plants (e.g., Ashwagandha, Adzuki bean, and olive) and 18 plant-derived substances (e.g., curcumin, Huperzine A, and Roxburgh's jewel orchid polysaccharides) included in this review improved obesity-induced cognitive impairment through several mechanisms, including attenuation of neuroinflammation, improvement in both central and peripheral insulin resistance, enhancement of neuroprotection and neurogenesis, and modulation of the synthesis and release of cognition-associated neurotransmitters. Based on these findings, plants and plant-derived substances may hold promise for the prevention and treatment of obesity-induced cognitive impairment. Further research is warranted to explore the clinical potential of these plant-derived treatments and to elucidate their underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ike de la Peña
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Timothy Afable
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | | | - Philip Cruz
- Herbanext Laboratories, Inc., Negros South Road, Bago City 6101, Philippines
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3
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Kanatome A, Takara T, Umeda S, Ano Y. Effects of matured hop bitter acids on heart rate variability and cognitive performance: A randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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4
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Carbone K, Gervasi F. An Updated Review of the Genus Humulus: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds for Health and Disease Prevention. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11243434. [PMID: 36559547 PMCID: PMC9782902 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal potential of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is widely cited in ancient literature and is also allowed in several official pharmacopoeias for the treatment of a variety of ailments, mainly related to anxiety states. This is due to the plethora of phytoconstituents (e.g., bitter acids, polyphenols, prenyl flavonoids) present in the female inflorescences, commonly known as cones or strobili, endowed with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and phytoestrogen activities. Hop has recently attracted the interest of the scientific community due to the presence of xanthohumol, whose strong anti-cancer activity against various types of cancer cells has been well documented, and for the presence of 8-prenyl naringenin, the most potent known phytoestrogen. Studies in the literature have also shown that hop compounds can hinder numerous signalling pathways, including ERK1/2 phosphorylation, regulation of AP-1 activity, PI3K-Akt, and nuclear factor NF-κB, which are the main targets of the antiproliferative action of bitter acids and prenylflavonoids. In light of these considerations, the aim of this review was to provide an up-to-date overview of the main biologically active compounds found in hops, as well as their in vitro and in vivo applications for human health and disease prevention. To this end, a quantitative literature analysis approach was used, using VOSviewer software to extract and process Scopus bibliometric data. In addition, data on the pharmacokinetics of bioactive hop compounds and clinical studies in the literature were analysed. To make the information more complete, studies on the beneficial properties of the other two species belonging to the genus Humulus, H. japonicus and H. yunnanensis, were also reviewed for the first time.
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5
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Ano Y, Takaichi Y, Ohya R, Uchida K, Nakayama H, Takashima A. Tryptophan-tyrosine dipeptide improves tau-related symptoms in tauopathy mice. Nutr Neurosci 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35816407 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2090075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases involving pathological tau protein aggregation are collectively known as tauopathies and include Alzheimer's disease and Pick's disease. Recent studies show that the intake of tryptophan-tyrosine (Trp-Tyr)-related β-lactopeptides, including β-lactolin, attenuates cognitive decline in the elderly and prevents the amyloid pathology in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. However, the effects of Trp-Tyr-related β-lactopeptides on tau-related pathology have not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the effects of Trp-Tyr dipeptide intake on tauopathy in PS19 transgenic mice, a well-established tauopathy model. Intake of Trp-Tyr dipeptide improved the behavioral deficits observed in the open field test, prevented tau phosphorylation, and increased the dopamine turnover and synaptophysin expression in the frontal cortex. Levels of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum were lower in PS19 mice than those in wild-type mice and were increased by treatment with Trp-Tyr dipeptide. In addition, intake of Trp-Tyr dipeptide extended the lifespan of PS19 mice. These findings suggest that the intake of Trp-Tyr-related peptides improves tauopathy symptoms, resulting in improvements in behavioral deficits and longevity. Hence, the intake of Trp-Tyr-related peptides, including β-lactolin, may be beneficial for preventing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Ano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Takaichi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rena Ohya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Neuroprotective Effect of a Yeast-Enriched Beer. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122380. [PMID: 35745108 PMCID: PMC9228237 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beer is the most consumed alcoholic beverage worldwide. It is rich in nutrients, and with its microbial component it could play a role in gut microbiota modulation. Conflicting data are currently available regarding the consequences of alcohol and alcohol-containing beverages on dementia and age-associated disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegeneration characterized by protein aggregation, inflammatory processes and alterations of components of the gut–brain axis. The effects of an unfiltered and unpasteurized craft beer on AD molecular hallmarks, levels of gut hormones and composition of micro/mycobiota were dissected using 3xTg-AD mice. In addition, to better assess the role of yeasts, beer was enriched with the same Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain used for brewing. The treatment with the yeast-enriched beer ameliorated cognition and favored the reduction of Aβ(1-42) and pro-inflammatory molecules, also contributing to an increase in the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines. A significant improvement in the richness and presence of beneficial taxa in the gut bacterial population of the 3xTg-AD animals was observed. In addition, the fungal order, Sordariomycetes, associated with gut inflammatory conditions, noticeably decreased with beer treatments. These data demonstrate, for the first time, the beneficial effects of a yeast-enriched beer on AD signs, suggesting gut microbiota modulation as a mechanism of action.
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8
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Hirakawa T, Tanno S. In Vitro Propagation of Humulus lupulus through the Induction of Axillary Bud Development. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081066. [PMID: 35448794 PMCID: PMC9031650 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Humulus lupulus (hop) is a necessary material for beer brewing. Improved breeding cultivars of hops with enhanced tolerance to environmental stresses, such as drought and heat stress, accompanying climate change have been developed. However, a propagation system, which is needed for the proliferation of new cultivars, is not currently available for hops. In this study, we found that treatment of stem explants with 0.01–0.05 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) induced the development of axillary buds in the hop cultivar Kirin-2, resulting in the proliferation of shoot branching. Additionally, 0.01 ppm benzyl adenine (BA) enhanced the development of axillary buds formed in response to 0.05 ppm GA3 in various hop cultivars, particularly Nugget. The development of axillary buds was strongly repressed by the application of 0.05 ppm BA at a concentration equal to the 0.05 ppm GA3 concentration, which showed the possibility that a high concentration of cytokinin preferentially prevents the effect of GA3 on the development of axillary buds in hops. These results indicated that combined treatment of stem explants with GA3 and cytokinin at appropriate concentrations is effective for the propagation of proliferated hop cultivars through shoot branching.
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9
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Nicácio KDJ, Ferreira MS, Katchborian-Neto A, Costa ML, Murgu M, Dias DF, Soares MG, Chagas-Paula DA. Anti-Inflammatory Markers of Hops Cultivars (Humulus lupulus L.) Evaluated by Untargeted Metabolomics Strategy. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100966. [PMID: 35267234 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are edible flowers commonly used to add flavour and aroma to beer, besides they have rich chemical diversity and medicinal potential. In this work, an ex vivo anti-inflammatory assay via the LPS-induced signalling pathway and metabolomics approaches were performed to evaluate the ability of hops to inhibit the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inflammatory mediator and analyze which metabolites produced by the nine different hop cultivars are potential anti-inflammatory markers. Columbus, Chinook and Hallertau Mittelfrüh hop cultivars yielded extracts with PGE2 release inhibition rates of 86.7, 92.5 and 73.5 %, respectively. According to the multivariate statistical analysis, the majority of the metabolites correlated with the activity were prenylated phloroglucinol and phenolic homologs. These results suggest promissory anti-inflammatory hop metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen de Jesus Nicácio
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, 37130-001, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Miller Santos Ferreira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, 37130-001, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Albert Katchborian-Neto
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, 37130-001, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Milbya Lima Costa
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, 37130-001, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Michael Murgu
- Waters Corporation, Alameda Tocantins 125, 27th Floor, Alphaville, 06455-020, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Ferreira Dias
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, 37130-001, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marisi Gomes Soares
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, 37130-001, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Aparecida Chagas-Paula
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, 37130-001, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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10
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Sun S, Wang X, Yuan A, Liu J, Li Z, Xie D, Zhang H, Luo W, Xu H, Liu J, Nie C, Zhang H. Chemical constituents and bioactivities of hops (
Humulus lupulus L
.) and their effects on beer‐related microorganisms. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Sun
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Ai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Jianlin Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
| | - Zebin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Dongxiao Xie
- Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences Shandong Normal University Jinan China
| | - Wenqing Luo
- Global Leaders College Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Hengyuan Xu
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Jinshang Liu
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Cong Nie
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Haojun Zhang
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
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11
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Laurent AJ, Bindslev N, Vukojević V, Terenius L. Iso-α-acids in Nonalcoholic and Alcoholic Beer Stimulate Growth of Neuron-like SH-SY5Y Cells and Neuroepithelial Stem Cells. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2021; 1:11-20. [PMID: 37101982 PMCID: PMC10125168 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.1c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing popularity of nonalcoholic beer, the association between beer drinking and alcohol intake is lost. In the present study, we show that nonalcoholic beer can stimulate the expansion of neuron-like cell lines and neuroepithelial stem cells in culture, yielding an effect comparable to that of alcoholic beer. One ingredient in beer is hops, which is derived from the flower of hop plants. The female flower contains humulones, which are transformed into iso-α-acids during wort boiling and give beer its bitter taste. In this study, we tested the effects of these iso-α-acids and/or alcohol on the proliferation of neuron-like cells and neuroepithelial stem cells in culture. Iso-α-acids enhanced cell expansion, showing a bimodal dose-response curve with peaks around 2-30 nM and 2-5 μM, of which nanomolar concentrations are relevant in beer drinking. The more lipophilic trans-iso-α-acids, found to a greater extent in beer foam, are even more potent. Our results indicate that iso-α-acids, acting via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors could be responsible for the observed effects. Altogether, our results indicate that nonalcoholic beer with ingredients such as iso-α-acids stimulate the proliferation of neuroepithelial stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta J. Laurent
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Bindslev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Vladana Vukojević
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Terenius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Yang Z, Zhou DD, Huang SY, Fang AP, Li HB, Zhu HL. Effects and mechanisms of natural products on Alzheimer's disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-21. [PMID: 34613845 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1985428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in elderly people with a high incidence rate and complicated pathogenesis, and causes progressive cognitive deficit and memory impairment. Some natural products and bioactive compounds from natural sources show great potential in the prevention and treatment of AD, such as apple, blueberries, grapes, chili pepper, Monsonia angustifolia, cruciferous vegetables, Herba epimedii, Angelica tenuissima, Embelia ribes, sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa, green tea, Puer tea, Amanita caesarea and Inonotus obliquus, via reducing amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, decreasing Tau hyperphosphorylation, regulating cholinergic system, reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis and ameliorating inflammation. This review mainly summarizes the effects of some natural products and their bioactive compounds on AD with the potential molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Li W, Wang S, Zhang H, Li B, Xu L, Li Y, Kong C, Jiao H, Wang Y, Pang Y, Qin W, Jia L, Jia J. Honokiol Restores Microglial Phagocytosis by Reversing Metabolic Reprogramming. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1475-1485. [PMID: 34151796 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of microglia has been increasingly recognized as a causative factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD); thus, developing medicines capable of restoring microglial functions is critically important and constitutes a promising therapeutic strategy. Honokiol is a natural neuroprotective compound extracted from Magnolia officinalis, which may play roles in AD therapy. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the role and the underlying mechanisms of honokiol in microglial phagocytosis. METHODS MTT and flow cytometry were used to assess the cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Phagocytic capacity, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and membrane potential were evaluated using fluorescence microscopy. Seahorse XF24 extracellular flux analyzer was for cell glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation detection. Mass spectrometry was applied for metabolites measurement. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to detect the mRNA and protein level of PPARγ and PGC1α, respectively. RESULTS Honokiol alleviated Aβ42-induced BV2 neurotoxicity. Honokiol promoted phagocytic efficiency of BV2 cells through reversing a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis and enhancing ATP production. Meanwhile, honokiol reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and elevated mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, honokiol increased the expression of PPARγ and PGC1α, which might play positive roles in energy metabolism and microglial phagocytosis. CONCLUSION In this study, honokiol was identified as an effect natural product capable of enhancing mitochondrial function thus promoting microglial phagocytic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqiu Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojun Kong
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haishan Jiao
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yana Pang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Alonso P, Albasanz JL, Martín M. Modulation of Adenosine Receptors by Hops and Xanthohumol in Cell Cultures. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2373-2384. [PMID: 34156813 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) have been involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, where oxidative stress contributes to neurodegeneration and cell death. Therefore, there is increasing interest in developing antioxidative strategies to avoid or reduce neurodegeneration. We have previously described that different beer extracts modulate ARs and protect glioma and neuroblastoma cells from oxidative stress. The present work aimed to analyze the possible protective effect of hops (Humulus lupulus L.), a major component of beer, and xanthohumol on cell death elicited by oxidative stress and their modulation of ARs in rat C6 glioma and human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Different extraction methods were employed in two hops varieties (Nugget and Columbus). Cell viability was determined by the XTT method in cells exposed to these hops extracts and xanthohumol. ARs were analyzed by radioligand binding and real-time PCR assays. Hops extract reverted the cell death observed under oxidative stress and modulated adenosine A1 and A2 receptors in both cell types. Xanthohumol was unable to revert the effect of oxidative stress in cell viability but it also modulated ARs similarly to hops. Therefore, healthy effects of beer described previously could be due, at least in part, to their content of hops and the modulation of ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Alonso
- Department of Inorganic, Organic and Biochemistry. Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Regional Center of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José L. Albasanz
- Department of Inorganic, Organic and Biochemistry. Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Regional Center of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mairena Martín
- Department of Inorganic, Organic and Biochemistry. Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Regional Center of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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15
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Shal B, Khan A, Khan AU, Ullah R, Ali G, Islam SU, Haq IU, Ali H, Seo EK, Khan S. Alleviation of Memory Deficit by Bergenin via the Regulation of Reelin and Nrf-2/NF-κB Pathway in Transgenic Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6603. [PMID: 34203049 PMCID: PMC8234641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to determine the neuroprotective effect of Bergenin against spatial memory deficit associated with neurodegeneration. Preliminarily, the protective effect of Bergenin was observed against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HT-22 and PC-12 cells. Further studies were performed in 5xFAD Tg mouse model by administering Bergenin (1, 30 and 60 mg/kg; orally), whereas Bergenin (60 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the memory deficit observed in the Y-maze and Morris water maze (MWM) test. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy displayed restoration of lipids, proteins and their derivatives compared to the 5xFAD Tg mice group. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) suggested an absence of amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation in Bergenin-treated mice. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis suggested the neuroprotective effect of Bergenin by increasing Reelin signaling (Reelin/Dab-1) and attenuated Aβ (1-42) aggregation in hippocampal regions of mouse brains. Furthermore, IHC and western blot results suggested antioxidant (Keap-1/Nrf-2/HO-1), anti-inflammatory (TLR-4/NF-kB) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase-3) effect of Bergenin. Moreover, a decrease in Annexin V/PI-stained hippocampal cells suggested its effect against neurodegeneration. The histopathological changes were reversed significantly by Bergenin. In addition, a remarkable increase in antioxidant level with suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and nitric oxide production were observed in specific regions of the mouse brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.S.); (A.K.); (A.U.K.)
| | - Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.S.); (A.K.); (A.U.K.)
| | - Ashraf Ullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.S.); (A.K.); (A.U.K.)
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (R.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (R.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Salman Ul Islam
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Ihsan ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (I.u.H.); (H.A.)
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (I.u.H.); (H.A.)
| | - Eun-Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.S.); (A.K.); (A.U.K.)
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16
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Redox and Anti-Inflammatory Properties from Hop Components in Beer-Related to Neuroprotection. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062000. [PMID: 34200665 PMCID: PMC8226943 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Beer is a fermented beverage widely consumed worldwide with high nutritional and biological value due to its bioactive components. It has been described that both alcoholic and non-alcoholic beer have several nutrients derived from their ingredients including vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, and antioxidants that make beer a potential functional supplement. Some of these compounds possess redox, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties making the benefits of moderate beer consumption an attractive way to improve human health. Specifically, the hop cones used for beer brewing provide essential oils, bitter acids and flavonoids that are potent antioxidants and immune response modulators. This review focuses on the redox and anti-inflammatory properties of hop derivatives and summarizes the current knowledge of their neuroprotective effects.
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17
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Ano Y, Ikado K, Uchida K, Nakayama H. Amyloid β-induced Mesenteric Inflammation in an Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Mouse Model. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:52-59. [PMID: 32048974 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200212160343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder histopathologically characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides and inflammation associated with activated microglia. These features are well investigated in the central nervous system using AD-model mice; however, peripheral inflammation in these mice has not been investigated well. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the inflammatory responses, especially myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), in peripheral lymphoid tissues in AD-model mice to determine their association with Aβ deposition. METHODS We collected lymphocytes from mesenteric lymphoid nodes (MLNs) and Peyer's patches (PPs) of 5×FAD transgenic mice used as an AD model. Lymphocytes were analyzed using a flow cytometer to characterize mDCs and T cells. Collected lymphocytes were treated with Aβ1-42 ex vivo to evaluate the inflammatory response. RESULTS We observed elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including interleukin (IL)-12 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α in mDCs from MLNs and PPs and reduced levels of programmed death-ligand-1, an immunosuppressive co-stimulatory molecule, on the surface of mDCs from 5×FAD mice. Additionally, we found increases in interferon (IFN)-γ-producing CD4- or CD8- positive T cells in MLNs were increased in 5×FAD mice. Moreover, ex vivo treatment with Aβ peptides increased the production of IL-12 and IFN-γ by lymphocytes from 5×FAD mice. CONCLUSION The present study showed that pro-inflammatory mDC and T cells were induced in MLNs and PPs of 5×FAD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Ano
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Central Laboratories for Key Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ikado
- Central Laboratories for Key Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Fukuda T, Ohnuma T, Obara K, Kondo S, Arai H, Ano Y. Supplementation with Matured Hop Bitter Acids Improves Cognitive Performance and Mood State in Healthy Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:387-398. [PMID: 32474473 PMCID: PMC7369117 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of age-related cognitive decline and depression is becoming urgent because of rapid growing aging populations. Effects of vagal nerve activation on brain function by food ingredients are inadequately investigated; matured hop bitter acid (MHBA) administration reportedly improves cognitive function and depression via vagal nerve activation in model mice. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of MHBA supplementation on cognitive function and mood state in healthy older adults with perceived subjective cognitive decline. METHODS Using a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial design, 100 subjects (aged 45-69 years) were randomly assigned into placebo (n = 50) and MHBA (n = 50) groups, and received placebo or MHBA capsules daily for 12 weeks. RESULTS Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) score assessing divided attention at week 12 was significantly higher (p = 0.045) and β-endorphin at week 12 was significantly lower (p = 0.043) in the subjects receiving MHBA. Transthyretin in serum, a putative mild cognitive impairment marker, was significantly higher at week 12 in the MHBA group than in the placebo group (p = 0.048). Subgroup analysis classified by the subjective cognitive decline questionnaire revealed that in addition to improved SDMT scores, memory retrieval assessed using the standard verbal paired-associate learning tests and the Ray Verbal Learning Test at week 12 had significantly improved in the subgroup with perceived subjective cognitive decline and without requirement for medical assistance in the MHBA group compared with that in the placebo group. CONCLUSION This study suggested that MHBA intake improves cognitive function, attention, and mood state in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Fukuda
- KIRIN Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tohru Ohnuma
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Obara
- KIRIN Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Heii Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Ano
- KIRIN Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
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19
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Ano Y, Ohya R, Takaichi Y, Washinuma T, Uchida K, Takashima A, Nakayama H. β-Lactolin, a Whey-Derived Lacto-Tetrapeptide, Prevents Alzheimer's Disease Pathologies and Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 73:1331-1342. [PMID: 31929163 PMCID: PMC7081097 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevention of age-related memory decline and dementia has been becoming a high priority because of the rapid growth in aging populations. Accumulating epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that intake of fermented dairy products rich in β-lactolin improves memory retrieval and executive function and attenuates cognitive decline in the elderly. However, the effects of long-term consumption of β-lactolin on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathologies have not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the effects of β-lactolin and whey digestion rich in β-lactolin on AD pathology in 5×FAD transgenic mice and PS19 tauopathy mice. Intake of β-lactolin and whey digestion rich in β-lactolin reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines, suppressed the infiltration of activated microglia, decreased the levels of amyloid-β, ameliorated impaired long-term object memory, and attenuated decreased synaptophysin, dopamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in the cortex in 5×FAD transgenic mice. In addition, intake of β-lactolin and whey digestion rich in β-lactolin improved behavioral abnormality and reduced the ratio of phosphorylated tau to total tau in the cortex in PS19 tauopathy mice. These findings indicate that consumption with β-lactolin and whey digestion rich in β-lactolin suppresses inflammation and attenuates AD pathology and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Ano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rena Ohya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Takaichi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Terukatsu Washinuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Beer Modulate Plasma and Macrophage microRNAs Differently in a Pilot Intervention in Humans with Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010069. [PMID: 33379359 PMCID: PMC7823561 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beer is a popular beverage and some beneficial effects have been attributed to its moderate consumption. We carried out a pilot study to test if beer and non-alcoholic beer consumption modify the levels of a panel of 53 cardiometabolic microRNAs in plasma and macrophages. Seven non-smoker men aged 30–65 with high cardiovascular risk were recruited for a non-randomised cross-over intervention consisting of the ingestion of 500 mL/day of beer or non-alcoholic beer for 14 days with a 7-day washout period between interventions. Plasma and urine isoxanthohumol were measured to assess compliance with interventions. Monocytes were isolated and differentiated into macrophages, and plasma and macrophage microRNAs were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Anthropometric, biochemistry and dietary parameters were also measured. We found an increase in plasma miR-155-5p, miR-328-3p, and miR-92a-3p after beer and a decrease after non-alcoholic beer consumption. Plasma miR-320a-3p levels decreased with both beers. Circulating miR-320a-3p levels correlated with LDL-cholesterol. We found that miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-26b-5p, and miR-223-3p macrophage levels increased after beer and decreased after non-alcoholic beer consumption. Functional analyses suggested that modulated microRNAs were involved in catabolism, nutrient sensing, Toll-like receptors signalling and inflammation. We concluded that beer and non-alcoholic beer intake modulated differentially plasma and macrophage microRNAs. Specifically, microRNAs related to inflammation increased after beer consumption and decreased after non-alcoholic beer consumption.
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21
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Hop Bitter Acids Increase Hippocampal Dopaminergic Activity in a Mouse Model of Social Defeat Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249612. [PMID: 33348553 PMCID: PMC7766517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As daily lifestyle is closely associated with mental illnesses, diet-based preventive approaches are receiving attention. Supplementation with hop bitter acids such as iso-α-acids (IAA) and mature hop bitter acids (MHBA) improves mood states in healthy older adults. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Since acute oral consumption with IAA increases dopamine levels in hippocampus and improves memory impairment via vagal nerve activation, here we investigated the effects of chronic administration of hop bitter acids on the dopaminergic activity associated with emotional disturbance in a mouse model of repeated social defeat stress (R-SDS). Chronic administration of IAA and MHBA significantly increased dopaminergic activity based on the dopamine metabolite to dopamine ratio in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex following R-SDS. Hippocampal dopaminergic activity was inversely correlated with the level of R-SDS-induced social avoidance with or without IAA administration. Therefore, chronic treatment with hop bitter acids enhances stress resilience-related hippocampal dopaminergic activity.
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22
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Bitter taste receptor activation by hop-derived bitter components induces gastrointestinal hormone production in enteroendocrine cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:704-709. [PMID: 33160623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matured hop bitter acids (MHBA) are bitter acid oxides derived from hops, widely consumed as food ingredients to add bitterness and flavor in beers. Previous studies have suggested a potential gut-brain mechanism in which MHBA simulates enteroendocrine cells to produce cholecystokinin (CCK), a gastrointestinal hormone which activates autonomic nerves, resulting in body fat reduction and cognitive improvement; however, the MHBA recognition site on enteroendocrine cells has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we report that MHBA is recognized by specific human and mouse bitter taste receptors (human TAS2R1, 8, 10 and mouse Tas2r119, 130, 105) using a heterologous receptor expression system in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. In addition, knockdown of each of these receptors using siRNA transfection partially but significantly suppressed an MHBA-induced calcium response and CCK production in enteroendocrine cells. Furthermore, blocking one of the essential taste signaling components, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5, remarkably inhibited the MHBA-induced calcium response and CCK production in enteroendocrine cells. Our results demonstrate that specific bitter taste receptor activation by MHBA drives downstream calcium response and CCK production in enteroendocrine cells. These findings reveal a mechanism by which food ingredients derived from hops in beer activate the gut-brain axis for the first time.
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23
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Ano Y, Ohya R, Yamazaki T, Takahashi C, Taniguchi Y, Kondo K, Takashima A, Uchida K, Nakayama H. Hop bitter acids containing a β-carbonyl moiety prevent inflammation-induced cognitive decline via the vagus nerve and noradrenergic system. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20028. [PMID: 33208787 PMCID: PMC7674441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77034-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention of age-related cognitive decline and dementia is becoming a high priority because of the rapid growth of aging populations. We have previously shown that hop bitter acids such as iso-α-acids (IAAs) and matured hop bitter acids (MHBAs) activate the vagus nerve and improve memory impairment. Moreover, supplements with MHBAs were shown to improve memory retrieval in older adults. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been entirely elucidated. We aimed to investigate the effects of MHBAs and the common β-tricarbonyl moiety on memory impairment induced by the activation of microglia and the loss of the noradrenergic system. MHBAs and a model compound with β-tricarbonyl moiety were administered to LPS-inoculated mice and 5 × FAD Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice, following the evaluation in behavioral tests and microglial activation. To evaluate the association of noradrenaline with MHBAs effects, mice treated with N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4), a noradrenergic neurotoxin that selectively damages noradrenergic projections from the locus coeruleus, were subjected to the behavioral evaluation. MHBAs reduced brain inflammation and improved LPS-induced memory impairment. A model compound possessing the β-tricarbonyl moiety improved the LPS-induced memory impairment and neuronal loss via the vagus nerve. Additionally, the protective effects of MHBAs on memory impairment were attenuated by noradrenaline depletion using DSP-4. MHBAs suppressed the activation of microglia and improved the memory impairment in 5 × FAD mice, which was also attenuated by noradrenaline depletion. Treatment with MHBAs increased cholecystokinin production from the intestinal cells. Generally, cholecystokinin activates the vagal nerve, which stimulate the noradrenergic neuron in the locus ceruleus. Taken together, our results reveal that food ingredients such as hop bitter acids with a β-tricarbonyl moiety suppress microglial activation and improve memory impairment induced by inflammation or AD pathology via the activation of the gut-brain axis and noradrenergic system. Supplements with hop bitter acids, including MHBAs, might be a novel approach for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Ano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan. .,Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company Ltd, 1-13-5 Fukuura Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Rena Ohya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company Ltd, 1-13-5 Fukuura Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company Ltd, 1-13-5 Fukuura Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Chika Takahashi
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company Ltd, 1-13-5 Fukuura Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Taniguchi
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company Ltd, 1-13-5 Fukuura Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Keiji Kondo
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company Ltd, 1-13-5 Fukuura Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | | | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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24
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Lv J, Wang W, Zhu X, Xu X, Yan Q, Lu J, Shi X, Wang Z, Zhou J, Huang X, Wang J, Duan W, Shen X. DW14006 as a direct AMPKα1 activator improves pathology of AD model mice by regulating microglial phagocytosis and neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 90:55-69. [PMID: 32739363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressively neurodegenerative disease with typical hallmarks of amyloid β (Aβ) plaque accumulation, neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation and neuronal death extension. In AD brain, activated microglia phagocytose Aβ and neuronal debris, but also aggravate inflammation stress by releasing inflammatory factors and cytotoxins. Improving microglia on Aβ catabolism and neuroinflammatory intervention is thus believed to be a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is highly expressed in microglia with AMPKα1 being tightly implicated in neuroinflammatory events. Since indirect AMPKα1 activators may cause side effects with undesired intracellular AMP/ATP ratio, we focused on direct AMPKα1 activator study by exploring its potential function in ameliorating AD-like pathology of AD model mice. Here, we reported that direct AMPKα1 activator DW14006 (2-(3-(7-chloro-6-(2'-hydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)phenyl)acetic acid) effectively improved learning and memory impairments of APP/PS1 mice, and the underlying mechanisms have been intensively investigated. DW14006 reduced amyloid plaque deposition by promoting microglial o-Aβ42 phagocytosis and ameliorated innate immune response by polarizing microglia to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. It selectively enhanced microglial phagocytosis of o-Aβ42 by upgrading scavenger receptor CD36 through AMPKα1/PPARγ/CD36 signaling and suppressed inflammation by AMPKα1/IκB/NFκB signaling. Together, our work has detailed the crosstalk between AMPKα1 and microglia in AD model mice, and highlighted the potential of DW14006 in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlu Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xialin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoju Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiuying Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaofan Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengyu Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinpei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wenhu Duan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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25
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Zhao JL, Chen YJ, Yu J, Du ZY, Yuan Q, Sun YR, Wu X, Li ZQ, Wu XH, Hu J, Xie R. ISO-alpha-acids improve the hematoma resolution and prevent peri-hematoma inflammations by transforming microglia via PPARgamma-CD36 axis in ICH rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106396. [PMID: 32193103 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the effects of ISO-α-acids (IAAs), a PPAR-γ agonist, on ICH rats and its potential mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Sprague Dawley rats ICH model was induced by stereotactic injecting of 100 μl autologous artery blood. Ninety male rats were randomly allocated to five groups: autologous blood and IAAs (IAA); received autologous blood, IAAs and PPAR-γ inhibitor (IAA + GW9662); autologous blood and normal Saline (Saline); only autologous blood (Mock); and only needle injection (Sham). Neurological functions were assessed by mNSS. Hematoma volume, brain water content, surface proteins and inflammatory factors were detected. The microglia anti-inflammatory abilities were also evaluated. RESULTS IAAs were able to significantly decrease ICH rat's mNSS scores, alleviate brain water content, improve hematoma resolution than Saline, Mock (p < 0.05). More "M2" microglial/macrophage can be induced by IAAs. The expression of CD 36 was statistically higher in IAA than other groups (p < 0.05). Injection of IAAs led to a greatly increasing in CD 11b and CD 206 double-positive anti-inflammatory type microglial/macrophage, moreover, a reduction of inflammatory cytokines expression (p < 0.05). Such protective effects can be relieved by GW9662. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to elucidate the relationship between IAAs and ICH. IAAs were able to accelerate hematoma absorption, alleviate brain edema, suppress peri-hematoma inflammations and finally improved the outcome of ICH rats. The phenotype was due to the IAAs induction of "M2" microglial/macrophage via activating of PPAR-γ and increasing CD 36 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yan-Jie Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Pudong New District Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhoupuyuan Road, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Ying Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yi-Rui Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Zhi-Qi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Xue-Hai Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, PR China.
| | - Rong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (M), Shanghai 200040, PR China.
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Ayabe T, Fukuda T, Ano Y. Improving Effects of Hop-Derived Bitter Acids in Beer on Cognitive Functions: A New Strategy for Vagus Nerve Stimulation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E131. [PMID: 31940997 PMCID: PMC7022854 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia and cognitive decline are global public health problems. Moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages reduces the risk of dementia and cognitive decline. For instance, resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound found in red wine, has been well studied and reported to prevent dementia and cognitive decline. However, the effects of specific beer constituents on cognitive function have not been investigated in as much detail. In the present review, we discuss the latest reports on the effects and underlying mechanisms of hop-derived bitter acids found in beer. Iso-α-acids (IAAs), the main bitter components of beer, enhance hippocampus-dependent memory and prefrontal cortex-associated cognitive function via dopamine neurotransmission activation. Matured hop bitter acids (MHBAs), oxidized components with β-carbonyl moieties derived from aged hops, also enhance memory functions via norepinephrine neurotransmission-mediated mechanisms. Furthermore, the effects of both IAAs and MHBAs are attenuated by vagotomy, suggesting that these bitter acids enhance cognitive function via vagus nerve stimulation. Moreover, supplementation with IAAs attenuates neuroinflammation and cognitive impairments in various rodent models of neurodegeneration including Alzheimer's disease. Daily supplementation with hop-derived bitter acids (e.g., 35 mg/day of MHBAs) may be a safe and effective strategy to stimulate the vagus nerve and thus enhance cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Ayabe
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., 1-13-5 Fukuura Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; (T.F.); (Y.A.)
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Fukuda T, Obara K, Saito J, Umeda S, Ano Y. Effects of Hop Bitter Acids, Bitter Components in Beer, on Cognition in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:206-212. [PMID: 31808686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of matured hop bitter acids (MHBAs) on human cognition, mental fatigue, and mood state. In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study, 60 healthy adults (age 45-64 years) with self-awareness of cognitive decline were randomly divided into 2 groups and received either orally administered MHBAs (35 mg/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Cognitive functions and mental states were assessed using neuropsychological tests or questionnaires at baseline and weeks 6 and 12 of the intervention. The change in verbal fluency score at week 6 compared with that at baseline was significantly higher in the MHBAs-treated group compared with that in the placebo group (P = 0.034), and Stroop test score at week 12 was significantly lower in the MHBAs-treated group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.019). Furthermore, subjective fatigue and anxiety at week 12 were significantly improved in the MHBAs-treated group (P = 0.008 and 0.043, respectively) compared with the placebo group. This is the first study to evaluate the effects of bitter ingredients in beer on cognition, subjective mood, and mental fatigue in a clinical trial. Our findings suggest that hop-derived bitter acids might be beneficial for cognition and mood state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Fukuda
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies , Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd. , Fukuura , Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004 , Japan
| | - Kuniaki Obara
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies , Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd. , Fukuura , Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004 , Japan
| | - Jiro Saito
- Medical Station Clinics , Takaban , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0004 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Umeda
- Department of Psychology , Keio University , Mita , Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345 , Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Ano
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies , Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd. , Fukuura , Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004 , Japan
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Osorio-Paz I, Brunauer R, Alavez S. Beer and its non-alcoholic compounds in health and disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3492-3505. [PMID: 31782326 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1696278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with beneficial effects on human health. Specifically, consumption of red wine and beer has shown a J-shape relation with many important diseases. While a role of ethanol cannot be excluded, the high content of polyphenols in both beverages has been proposed to contribute to these effects, with beer having the advantage over wine that it is lower in alcohol. In addition to ethanol, beer contains a wide variety of compounds with known medicinal potential such as kaempferol, quercetin, tyrosol and phenolic acids, and it is the main dietary source for the flavones xanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin, and bitter acids such as humulones and lupulones. Clinical and pre-clinical evidence for the protective effects of moderate beer consumption against cardiovascular disease and other diseases has been accumulating since the 1990s, and the non-alcoholic compounds of beer likely exert most of the observed beneficial effects. In this review, we summarize and discuss the effects of beer consumption in health and disease as well as the clinical potential of its non-alcoholic compounds which may be promising candidates for new therapies against common chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixchel Osorio-Paz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Lerma, Estado de México, México
| | - Regina Brunauer
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Silvestre Alavez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Lerma, Estado de México, México
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N, N'-Diacetyl- p-phenylenediamine restores microglial phagocytosis and improves cognitive defects in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23426-23436. [PMID: 31685616 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916318116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a central feature of neuroinflammation, microglial dysfunction has been increasingly considered a causative factor of neurodegeneration implicating an intertwined pathology with amyloidogenic proteins. Herein, we report the smallest synthetic molecule (N,N'-diacetyl-p-phenylenediamine [DAPPD]), simply composed of a benzene ring with 2 acetamide groups at the para position, known to date as a chemical reagent that is able to promote the phagocytic aptitude of microglia and subsequently ameliorate cognitive defects. Based on our mechanistic investigations in vitro and in vivo, 1) the capability of DAPPD to restore microglial phagocytosis is responsible for diminishing the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) species and significantly improving cognitive function in the brains of 2 types of Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice, and 2) the rectification of microglial function by DAPPD is a result of its ability to suppress the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins through its impact on the NF-κB pathway. Overall, our in vitro and in vivo investigations on efficacies and molecular-level mechanisms demonstrate the ability of DAPPD to regulate microglial function, suppress neuroinflammation, foster cerebral Aβ clearance, and attenuate cognitive deficits in AD transgenic mouse models. Discovery of such antineuroinflammatory compounds signifies the potential in discovering effective therapeutic molecules against AD-associated neurodegeneration.
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Kita M, Yoshida S, Kondo K, Yamakawa Y, Ano Y. Effects of iso-α-acids, the hop-derived bitter components in beer, on the MRI-based Brain Healthcare Quotient in healthy middle-aged to older adults. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 39:273-278. [PMID: 31587526 PMCID: PMC7292307 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Neurological disorders are a major public health issue worldwide and are often associated with structural changes in the brain. We have previously demonstrated that iso‐α‐acids (IAAs), the hop‐derived bitter components in beer, improve memory impairment in aged and Alzheimer's disease mouse models. In this study, we evaluated the effects of IAA intake on the brain structure in healthy middle‐aged to older adults. This study was conducted under the Impulsing Paradigm Change through Disruptive Technologies Program (ImPACT) study launched by the Cabinet office of Japan. Method This study employed an open‐labeled, single‐arm, before and after design. Healthy middle‐aged to older adults consumed a beverage containing IAAs (3 mg/190 mL) for 4 weeks.Recently developed magnetic resonance imaging‐based brain health indicators were used to evaluate the following brain conditions: the Brain Healthcare Quotient (BHQ) based on gray matter volume (GM‐BHQ) and white matter fractional anisotropy (FA‐BHQ). Results In total, 25 subjects were recruited, and GM‐BHQ and FA‐BHQ were measured before and after intervention. In all subjects, no significant differences in GM‐BHQ and FA‐BHQ were observed. In subjects aged ≥ 60 years (mean 54.5; standard deviation 3.9) (n = 8), GM‐BHQ was significantly increased 4 weeks after intervention compared with that before intervention. Conclusion Intake of beverages containing IAAs might affect brain aging, particularly in healthy older adults, which may prevent the development of neurological disorders. Future studies employing more robust designs can elucidate the effects of IAAs on GM‐BHQ and cognitive functions. This is the first clinical trial evaluating the effects of intake of bitter component of beer, iso‐alpha‐acid, on brain structure. The brain structure before and after intervention was measured by recently developed magnetic resonance imaging‐based method. The gray matter volume of older adults was improved by the intake of iso‐alpha‐acid.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kita
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Limited, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshida
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Limited, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiji Kondo
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Limited, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamakawa
- ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (Cabinet Office, Government of Japan), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Ano
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Limited, Yokohama, Japan
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Ayabe T, Ohya R, Ano Y. Iso-α-acids and matured hop bitter acids in beer improve obesity-induced cognitive impairment. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1937-1945. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1630254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Dementia and cognitive decline have become public health issues worldwide and life-style-related diseases and obesity have recently been reported as key risk factors. We have recently demonstrated that short-term administration of iso-α-acids (IAAs), hop-derived bitter components of beer, improves spatial and object recognition memory. However, the short-term effects of IAAs on obesity-induced cognitive impairment remain to be investigated. Furthermore, although matured hop bitter acids (MHBAs) are also derived from hops, their effect on obesity-induced cognitive decline remains unknown. In the present study, the short-term administration of IAAs improved memory deficits in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, as assessed in the novel object recognition test (NORT). Dietary MHBAs supplementation administered to HFD-fed mice prevented obesity and improved memory deficits in the NORT. Moreover, the short-term administration of MHBAs improved episodic and spatial reference memory in obese mice. These hop-derived bitter acids may contribute toward improving obesity-induced cognitive impairments.
Abbreviations: IAAs: iso-α-acids; MHBAs: matured hop bitter acids; HFD: high fat diet; NORT: novel object recognition test; NOLT: novel object location test
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Ayabe
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rena Ohya
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Ano
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd, Kanagawa, Japan
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Tomás J, Santos CRA, Duarte AC, Maltez M, Quintela T, Lemos MC, Gonçalves I. Bitter taste signaling mediated by Tas2r144 is down-regulated by 17β-estradiol and progesterone in the rat choroid plexus. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 495:110521. [PMID: 31352039 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is constituted by choroid plexus epithelial cells (CPEC) that regulate molecular trafficking between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid. We hypothesize that taste receptors expressed in CPEC monitor the composition of these body fluids in a sex hormone dependent way. Thus, we compared the expression of taste related genes in the choroid plexus of sham and ovariectomized female rats, and then studied the effect of 17β-estradiol and progesterone in their expression and function. We found that the bitter receptors Tas2r109, Tas2r144, and the taste-related genes Plcb2 and Trpm5 were down-regulated by ovarian hormones in vivo and ex vivo with functional implications. Knocking-down Tas2r144 with a specific siRNA in a CPEC line (Z310) effectively reduced the Ca2+ response to the bitter compound denatonium benzoate, in a similar manner to female sex hormones alone, suggesting that female sex hormones downregulated the responses of CPEC to chemical stimuli by reducing Tas2r144.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Tomás
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C Duarte
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Maltez
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Manuel C Lemos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Ano Y, Kita M, Kitaoka S, Furuyashiki T. Leucine-Histidine Dipeptide Attenuates Microglial Activation and Emotional Disturbances Induced by Brain Inflammation and Repeated Social Defeat Stress. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092161. [PMID: 31505850 PMCID: PMC6770249 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with mental illnesses is rapidly increasing, and daily lifestyle is closely associated with the development of symptoms. It is suggested that inflammatory molecules derived from microglia play crucial roles for the pathophysiology of depression. In the present study, we discovered that leucine–histidine (LH) dipeptide suppressed activation of primary microglia. The effects of LH dipeptide orally administered were measured using tail suspension test (TST) in mice injected with lipopolysaccharide and social interaction test in mice received social defeat stress. LH dipeptide reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines upon stimulation in microglia. Orally administered LH dipeptide was delivered to the brain and suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain and concomitant depression-like behavior in the TST. Moreover, oral administration of LH dipeptide suppressed the induction of depression- and anxiety-like behaviors induced by repeated social defeat stress. These results indicate that LH dipeptide suppressed the activation of microglia and ameliorated depression-associated emotional disturbances. Further, we found that LH dipeptide was abundant in various fermented products. Together with previous epidemiological reports that daily intake of these fermented foods is negatively associated with the incidence of psychiatric diseases, our findings suggest that food rich in LH dipeptide may improve mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Ano
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Holdings Company Ltd, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kita
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Holdings Company Ltd, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Shiho Kitaoka
- Division of Pharmacology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)-CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Furuyashiki
- Division of Pharmacology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)-CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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Fukuda T, Ayabe T, Ohya R, Ano Y. Matured hop bitter acids improve spatial working and object recognition memory via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2847-2854. [PMID: 31069423 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cognitive decline and dementia are major concerns in today's aging society. As limited treatments are available, measures to prevent cognitive decline and dementia are needed. We previously demonstrated that matured hop bitter acids (MHBA), bitter components of beer, increase norepinephrine in the hippocampus and improve memory in amnesia model mice induced by scopolamine (SCP), an antagonist of muscarinic receptor. However, other neurotransmitters involved in the effects of MHBA on memory improvement remain unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the role of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) in the effects of MHBA on memory. METHOD The involvement of AChR on the effects of MHBA (10 mg/kg) on cognitive function was evaluated using AChR antagonists, SCP, mecamylamine hydrochloride (MEC), a non-competitive antagonist of nicotinic-AChR (nAChR), and methyllycaconitine citrate (MLA), an α7nAChR antagonist, for the Y-maze test and the novel object recognition test (NORT). A separate population of mice, which underwent vagotomy or sham operation, was subjected to NORT to elucidate further mechanism. In addition, the effect of MHBA on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in vitro. RESULTS In accordance with previous reports, MHBA improved spontaneous alternations of the Y-maze test in SCP-induced amnesia mice and increased discrimination index evaluated by the NORT in normal mice. On the other hand, treatment with MEC or MLA attenuated the effects of MHBA on memory improvement in the Y-maze test and the NORT. Vagotomized mice also showed attenuated memory enhancement by MHBA in the NORT. In addition, MHBA did not alter AChE activity in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The results support the involvement of nAChRs in memory improvement in mice by MHBA. MHBA is thus thought to activate the vagal nerve and enhance hippocampus-dependent memory via nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Fukuda
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiro Ayabe
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rena Ohya
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Ano
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Lin M, Xiang D, Chen X, Huo H. Role of Characteristic Components of Humulus lupulus in Promoting Human Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8291-8302. [PMID: 31287692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the next 50 years, the prevention and control of chronic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and many cancers, will be one of the most critical challenges in human health. Plant biochemistry and phytonutrient supplements are a promising complementary therapy for the management of chronic disease. Among them, Humulus lupulus has attracted special attention throughout the world because it contains numerous dietary phytochemicals that not only contribute to the aroma and flavor of beer but may also be used for medicinal purposes, as its properties include antiseptic, (an)aphrodisiac, anticancer, antiplatelet, antibacterial, antidiuretic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, hypnotic, and stomachic properties. This review sought to identify and understand the risk factors for chronic disease with a focus on two types of phytochemicals, bitter acids and xanthohumol. The goal was to understand how their metabolites promote human health and reduce the risk of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm , Guangzhou 510642 , China
- Mid-Florida Research & Education Center , IFAS, University of Florida , Apopka , Florida 32703 , United States
| | - Diying Xiang
- College of Horticulture , Hebei Agricultural University , Hebei 071066 , China
- Mid-Florida Research & Education Center , IFAS, University of Florida , Apopka , Florida 32703 , United States
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research & Education Center , IFAS, University of Florida , Apopka , Florida 32703 , United States
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36
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Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Macho-González A, Garcimartín A, Santos-López JA, Benedí J, Bastida S, González-Muñoz MJ. The Nutritional Components of Beer and Its Relationship with Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071558. [PMID: 31295866 PMCID: PMC6682961 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of degenerative diseases has risen in western countries. Growing evidence suggests that demenia and other cognition affectations are associated with ambient factors including specific nutrients, food ingredients or specific dietary patterns. Mediterranean diet adherence has been associated with various health benefits and decreased risk of many diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Beer, as part of this protective diet, contains compounds such as silicon and hops that could play a major role in preventing brain disorders. In this review, different topics regarding Mediterranean diet, beer and the consumption of their main compounds and their relation to neurological health have been addressed. Taking into account published results from our group and other studies, the hypothesis linking aluminum intoxication with dementia and/or Alzheimer’s disease and the potential role of regular beer has also been considered. Beer, in spite of its alcohol content, may have some health benefits; nonetheless, its consumption is not adequate for all subjects. Thus, this review analyzed some promising results of non-alcoholic beer on several mechanisms engaged in neurodegeneration such as inflammation, oxidation, and cholinesterase activity, and their contribution to the behavioral modifications induced by aluminum intoxication. The review ends by giving conclusions and suggesting future topics of research related to moderate beer consumption and/or the consumption of its major compounds as a potential instrument for protecting against neurodegenerative disease progression and the need to develop nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic studies in aged people and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Sánchez-Muniz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián Macho-González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Arturo Santos-López
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Bastida
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José González-Muñoz
- AFUSAN Research Group. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria from Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Unidad Docente de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Ano Y, Yoshino Y, Uchida K, Nakayama H. Preventive Effects of Tryptophan-Methionine Dipeptide on Neural Inflammation and Alzheimer's Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133206. [PMID: 31261895 PMCID: PMC6651344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventive approaches for age-related memory decline and dementia have become a high priority in the aging society because of the lack of therapeutic approaches. Recent epidemiological studies have reported that fermented dairy products can help prevent dementia. Previously, we identified tryptophan-tyrosine (WY) and tryptophan-methionine (WM) peptides as the suppressants of activation of the primary microglia and showed that WY peptide consumption suppresses inflammation in the brains of Alzheimer's disease model mice. However, the effects of the WM peptide on inflammation in the brain and Alzheimer's pathology have not been investigated. Here, we evaluated the effect of WM peptide consumption on Alzheimer's disease model (5×FAD) mice. In 5×FAD mice, intake of WM peptide suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines, activation of microglia, and infiltration of activated microglia around β amyloid (Aβ) depositions. WM peptide intake reduced Aβ deposition in the cortex and hippocampus and then improved the object recognition memory. Taken together with previous reports, the current findings indicate that ingestion of tryptophan-related peptides or food material rich in tryptophan-related peptides, thereby regulating microglial activity, represents a potential preventive approach for cognitive decline and dementia related to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Ano
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Holdings Co. Ltd., Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yuka Yoshino
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Three Structural Features of Functional Food Components and Herbal Medicine with Amyloid β42 Anti-Aggregation Properties. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112125. [PMID: 31195683 PMCID: PMC6600243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid β42 (Aβ42) is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are numerous naturally occurring products that suppress the aggregation of Aβ42, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Based on NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis, we propose three structural characteristics found in natural products required for the suppressive activity against Aβ42 aggregation (i.e., oligomerization by targeting specific amino acid residues on this protein). These characteristics include (1) catechol-type flavonoids that can form Michael adducts with the side chains of Lys16 and 28 in monomeric Aβ42 through flavonoid autoxidation; (2) non-catechol-type flavonoids with planarity due to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups that can interact with the intermolecular β-sheet region in Aβ42 aggregates, especially aromatic rings such as those of Phe19 and 20; and (3) carboxy acid derivatives with triterpenoid or anthraquinoid that can generate a salt bridge with basic amino acid residues such as Lys16 and 28 in the Aβ42 dimer or trimer. Here, we summarize the recent body of knowledge concerning amyloidogenic inhibitors, particularly in functional food components and Kampo medicine, and discuss their application in the treatment and prevention of AD.
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Alonso-Andrés P, Martín M, Albasanz JL. Modulation of Adenosine Receptors and Antioxidative Effect of Beer Extracts in in Vitro Models. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061258. [PMID: 31163630 PMCID: PMC6628356 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fight against neurodegenerative diseases is promoting the searching of nutrients, preferably of wide consumption, with proven effects on health. Beer is widely consumed and has potential benefits on health. In this work, three different extracts from dark beer (DB), non-alcoholic beer (NAB), and lager beer (LB) were assayed at 30 min and 24 h in rat C6 glioma and human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in order to study their possible protective effects. Cell viability and adenosine A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptor gene expression and protein levels were measured in control cells and in cells challenged with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant stressor. Among the three extracts analyzed, DB showed a greater protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cell death. Moreover, a higher A1 receptor level was also induced by this extract. Interestingly, A1 receptor level was also increased by NAB and LB extracts, but to a lower extent, and the protective effect of these extracts against H2O2 was lower. This possible correlation between protection and A1 receptor level was observed at 24 h in both C6 and SH-SY5Y cells. In summary, different beer extracts modulate, to a different degree, adenosine receptors expression and protect both glioma and neuroblastoma cells from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Alonso-Andrés
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Regional Center of Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Mairena Martín
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Regional Center of Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - José Luis Albasanz
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Regional Center of Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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40
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Ano Y, Yoshino Y, Kutsukake T, Ohya R, Fukuda T, Uchida K, Takashima A, Nakayama H. Tryptophan-related dipeptides in fermented dairy products suppress microglial activation and prevent cognitive decline. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:2949-2967. [PMID: 31121563 PMCID: PMC6555451 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth in aging populations has made prevention of age-related memory decline and dementia a high priority. Several epidemiological and clinical studies have concluded that fermented dairy products can help prevent cognitive decline; furthermore, intake of Camembert cheese prevents microglial inflammation and Alzheimer's pathology in mouse models. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the preventive effects of fermented dairy products, we screened peptides from digested milk protein for their potential to regulate the activation of microglia. We identified dipeptides of tryptophan-tyrosine (WY) and tryptophan-methionine that suppressed the microglial inflammatory response and enhanced the phagocytosis of amyloid-β (Aβ). Various fermented dairy products and food materials contain the WY peptide. Orally administered WY peptide was smoothly absorbed into blood, delivered to the brain, and improved the cognitive decline induced by lipopolysaccharide via the suppression of inflammation. Intake of the WY peptide prevented microglial inflammation, hippocampal long-term potential deficit, and memory impairment in aged mice. In an Alzheimer's model using 5×FAD mice, intake of the WY peptide also suppressed microglial inflammation and accumulation of Aβ, which improved cognitive decline. The identified dipeptides regulating microglial activity could potentially be used to prevent cognitive decline and dementia related to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Ano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuka Yoshino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Toshiko Kutsukake
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Rena Ohya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takafumi Fukuda
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takashima
- Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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41
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Ayabe T, Ohya R, Ano Y. Hop-Derived Iso-α-Acids in Beer Improve Visual Discrimination and Reversal Learning in Mice as Assessed by a Touch Panel Operant System. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:67. [PMID: 31001094 PMCID: PMC6454052 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia and cognitive decline have become worldwide health problems due to rapid growth of the aged population in many countries. We previously demonstrated that single or short-term administration of iso-α-acids, hop-derived bitter acids in beer, improves the spatial memory of scopolamine-induced amnesia model mice in the Y-maze and enhances novel object recognition in normal mice via activation of the vagus nerve and hippocampal dopaminergic system. However, these behavioral tests do not replicate the stimulus conditions or response requirements of human memory tests, and so may have poor translational validity. In this report, we investigated the effects of iso-α-acids on visual discrimination (VD) and reversal discrimination (RD) using a touch panel-based operant system similar to that used for human working memory tests. In the VD task, scopolamine treatment reduced correct response rate and prolonged response latency in mice, deficits reversed by prior oral administration of iso-α-acids. In the RD task, administration of iso-α-acids significantly increased correct response rate compared to vehicle administration. Previous studies have reported that dopamine signaling is involved in both VD and RD learning, suggesting that enhancement of dopamine release contributes to improved memory performance in mice treated with iso-α-acids. Taken together, iso-α-acids improve VD and RD learning, which are considered high-order cognitive functions. Given the translational advantages of the touch panel-based operant system, the present study suggests that iso-α-acids could be effective for improvement of working memory in human dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Ayabe
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rena Ohya
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Ano
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
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42
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Ano Y, Hoshi A, Ayabe T, Ohya R, Uchida S, Yamada K, Kondo K, Kitaoka S, Furuyashiki T. Iso-α-acids, the bitter components of beer, improve hippocampus-dependent memory through vagus nerve activation. FASEB J 2019; 33:4987-4995. [PMID: 30601670 PMCID: PMC6436653 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801868rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Iso-α-acids (IAAs) are hop-derived bitter acids of beer. Epidemiologic studies suggest that moderate alcohol consumption is beneficial for cognitive function, but they do not show the ingredients in alcoholic beverages. Previously, we reported that long-term consumption of IAAs prevents inflammation and Alzheimer pathologies in mice, but their effects on cognitive function have not been evaluated. In the present study, we demonstrated that the consumption of IAAs improves spatial and object recognition memory functions not only in normal Crl:CD1(ICR) male mice but also in mice with pharmacologically induced amnesia. IAA consumption increased the total and extracellular levels of dopamine in the hippocampus of mice and Sprague-Dawley male rats, respectively. Dopamine D1 receptor antagonist treatment and knockdown of dopamine D1 receptor expression in the hippocampus attenuated IAA-induced spatial memory improvement. Furthermore, vagotomy attenuated the effects of IAAs in improving spatial and object recognition memory functions and increasing the total level of dopamine in the hippocampus. These results suggest that the consumption of IAAs activates dopamine D1 receptor-signaling in the hippocampus in a vagus nerve-dependent manner and, consequently, improves spatial and object recognition memory functions. Vagal activation with food components including IAAs may be an easy and safe approach to improve cognitive functions.-Ano, Y., Hoshi, A., Ayabe, T., Ohya, R., Uchida, S., Yamada, K., Kondo, K., Kitaoka, S., Furuyashiki, T. Iso-α-acids, the bitter components of beer, improve hippocampus-dependent memory through vagus nerve activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Ano
- Research Laboratories for Health Science and Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Limited, Yokohama-shi, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hoshi
- Research Laboratories for Health Science and Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Limited, Yokohama-shi, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ayabe
- Research Laboratories for Health Science and Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Limited, Yokohama-shi, Japan
| | - Rena Ohya
- Research Laboratories for Health Science and Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Limited, Yokohama-shi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Research and Development Division, Central Nervous System Research Laboratories, Central Nervous System (CNS) Research and Development Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Company, Limited, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Research and Development Division, Central Nervous System Research Laboratories, Central Nervous System (CNS) Research and Development Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Company, Limited, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keiji Kondo
- Research Laboratories for Health Science and Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Limited, Yokohama-shi, Japan
| | - Shiho Kitaoka
- Division of Pharmacology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe-shi, Japan; and
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development–Centers of Research Excellence in Science and Technology (AMED–CREST) Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furuyashiki
- Division of Pharmacology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe-shi, Japan; and
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development–Centers of Research Excellence in Science and Technology (AMED–CREST) Tokyo, Japan
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Ano Y, Yoshikawa M, Takaichi Y, Michikawa M, Uchida K, Nakayama H, Takashima A. Iso-α-Acids, Bitter Components in Beer, Suppress Inflammatory Responses and Attenuate Neural Hyperactivation in the Hippocampus. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:81. [PMID: 30804789 PMCID: PMC6378368 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the growth in aging populations worldwide, prevention and therapy for age-related cognitive decline and dementia are in great demand. We previously demonstrated that long-term intake of iso-α-acids, which are hop-derived bitter compounds found in beer, prevent Alzheimer’s pathology in a rodent model. On the other hand, the effects of iso-α-acids on neural activity in Alzheimer’s disease model mice have not been investigated. Here, we demonstrated that short-term intake of iso-α-acids suppresses inflammation in the hippocampus and improves memory impairment even after disease onset. Importantly, we demonstrated that short-term administration of iso-α-acids attenuated the neural hyperactivation in hippocampus. In 6-month-old 5 × FAD mice exhibiting hippocampus inflammation and memory impairment, oral administration of iso-α-acids for 7 days reduced inflammatory cytokines, including MIP-1α and soluble Aβ and improved object memory in the novel object recognition test. In 12-month-old J20 mice, intake of iso-α-acids for 7 days also suppressed inflammatory cytokines and soluble Aβ in the brain. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) of hippocampi of J20 mice showed increased manganese compared with wild type mice, but iso-α-acids canceled this increased MEMRI signal in J20 mice, particularly in the hippocampus CA1 and CA3 region. Taken together, these findings suggest that short-term intake of iso-α-acids can suppress hippocampus inflammation even after disease onset and improve hyper neural activity in Alzheimer’s disease model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Ano
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Misato Yoshikawa
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yuta Takaichi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Michikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takashima
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
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44
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Ano Y, Ohya R, Kondo K, Nakayama H. Iso-α-acids, Hop-Derived Bitter Components of Beer, Attenuate Age-Related Inflammation and Cognitive Decline. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:16. [PMID: 30778295 PMCID: PMC6369178 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aging population rapidly increasing worldwide, preventive measures and treatments for age-related cognitive decline and dementia are of utmost importance. We have previously demonstrated that the consumption of iso-α-acids (IAA), which are hop-derived bitter compounds in beer, prevents the formation of disease pathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the effect of IAA consumption on age-related cognitive decline is unknown. In the present study, we examined the effect of long-term and short-term dietary consumption of IAA, on age-related memory impairments and inflammation in the hippocampus of aged mice. When compared with young mice, aged mice showed impairment in spatial working memory during the Y-maze spontaneous alternation test, impairment in object recognition memory during the novel object recognition test (NORT), a pro-inflammatory hippocampal microglial phenotype with increased CD86 expression and inflammatory cytokine production, increased levels of glutamate and amyloid β1–42, and decreased levels of dopamine (DA). In aged mice fed IAA for 3 months, the age-related alterations in memory, microglial inflammation, and glutamate, amyloid β1–42, and DA levels were all significantly attenuated. Additionally, the oral administration of IAA for 7 days in aged mice with memory impairment, also improved spatial and object recognition memory. These results suggest that IAA consumption prevents inflammation in the hippocampus and ameliorates age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Ano
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rena Ohya
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiji Kondo
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Fukuda T, Ohya R, Kobayashi K, Ano Y. Matured Hop Bitter Acids in Beer Improve Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depression-Like Behavior. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:41. [PMID: 30760978 PMCID: PMC6362420 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated a close association between neural inflammation and development of mental illnesses, such as depression. Clinical trials have reported that treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with reduced risk of depression. Moreover, nutritional approaches for the prevention and management of depression have garnered significant attention in recent years. We have previously demonstrated that iso-α-acids (IAAs)—the bitter components in beer—suppress hippocampal microglial inflammation, thereby improving cognitive decline. However, effects of hop-derived components other than IAAs on inflammation have not been elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrated that consumption of matured hop bitter acids (MHBAs) generated from α- and β-acids, which show a high similarity with the chemical structure of IAAs, suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine productions in the brain. MHBAs administration increased norepinephrine (NE) secretion and reduced immobility time which represents depression-like behavior in the tail suspension test. Moreover, MHBAs components, including hydroxyallohumulinones and hydroxyalloisohumulones, reduced LPS-induced immobility time. Although further researches are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms, these findings suggest that MHBAs reduce inflammatory cytokine productions and increase NE secretion, thereby improving depression-like behavior. Similarly, inoculation with LPS induced loss of dendritic spines, which was improved upon MHBAs administration. Additionally, vagotomized mice showed attenuated improvement of immobility time, increase in NE level, and improvement of dendrite spine density following MHBAs administration. Therefore, MHBAs activate the vagus nerve and suppress neuronal damage and depression-like behavior induced by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Fukuda
- Research Laboratories for Health Science and Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rena Ohya
- Research Laboratories for Health Science and Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Kobayashi
- Research Laboratories for Health Science and Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Ano
- Research Laboratories for Health Science and Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
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46
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Ano Y, Ohya R, Kita M, Taniguchi Y, Kondo K. Theaflavins Improve Memory Impairment and Depression-Like Behavior by Regulating Microglial Activation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030467. [PMID: 30696093 PMCID: PMC6384870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation in the brain is associated with various disorders including Alzheimer's disease and depression. Thus, inflammation has received increasing attention regarding preventive approaches to such disorders. Epidemiological investigations have reported that drinking tea reduces the risk of dementia and depression. Theaflavins, a polyphenol found in black tea, are known to have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammation effects, but the effects of theaflavins on cognitive decline and depression induced by inflammation have not been investigated. To address this research gap, the present study assessed whether theaflavins could protect synapses and dendrites damaged by inflammation and prevent concomitant memory impairment and depression-like behavior in mice. Intracerebroventricular injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces neural inflammation associated with reduced spontaneous alternations in the Y-maze test and increased immobility in the tail suspension test, indicating impaired spatial memory and depression-like behavior, respectively. Oral administration with theaflavins prevented these behavioral changes induced by LPS. Theaflavins also suppressed productions of inflammatory cytokines and prevented dendritic atrophy and spine loss in the brain. Notably, theaflavins have a stronger anti-inflammatory effect than other polyphenols such as catechin, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid. These results suggest that theaflavins can suppress neural inflammation and prevent the symptoms of inflammation-related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Ano
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Rena Ohya
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kita
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yoshimasa Taniguchi
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Keiji Kondo
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
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47
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Mahli A, Koch A, Fresse K, Schiergens T, Thasler WE, Schönberger C, Bergheim I, Bosserhoff A, Hellerbrand C. Iso-alpha acids from hops (Humulus lupulus) inhibit hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1614-1626. [PMID: 30089858 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Iso-alpha acids (IAAs), hop-derived bitter compounds in beer, have been shown to beneficially affect different components of the metabolic syndrome such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. However, IAAs have not yet been studied in the context of chronic liver disease. Here we analyzed the effect of IAA on the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Once, we applied IAA to mice in combination with a NAFLD-inducing Western-type diet (WTD), and observed that IAA significantly inhibited WTD-induced body weight gain, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis. Fitting to this, IAA dose-dependently inhibited cellular lipid accumulation in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) in vitro. Reduced expression of PPAR-gamma and key enzymes of lipid synthesis as well as increased expression of PPAR-alpha, indicative for increased lipid combustion, were identified as underlying mechanisms of reduced hepatocellular steatosis in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of hepatic HMOX1 expression indicated reduced oxidative stress in IAA-treated mice, which was paralleled by reduced activation of the JNK pathway and pro-inflammatory gene expression and immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, IAA reduced hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and pro-fibrogenic gene expression. Similarly, IAA also dose-dependently reduced oxidative stress and JNK activation in steatotic PHH, inhibited HSC activation, and reduced proliferation and pro-fibrogenic gene expression in already activated HSC in vitro. In conclusion, IAAs inhibit different pathophysiological steps of disease progression in NAFLD. Together with previous studies, which demonstrated the safety of even long-term application of IAA in humans, our data suggest IAA as promising therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of (non)alcoholic (fatty) liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Mahli
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Koch
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kim Fresse
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Schiergens
- Biobank o.b. HTCR, Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Erwin Thasler
- Biobank o.b. HTCR, Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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48
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Ano Y, Takaichi Y, Uchida K, Kondo K, Nakayama H, Takashima A. Iso-α-Acids, the Bitter Components of Beer, Suppress Microglial Inflammation in rTg4510 Tauopathy. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123133. [PMID: 30501069 PMCID: PMC6321553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the growth in aging populations, prevention for cognitive decline and dementia are in great demand. We previously demonstrated that the consumption of iso-α-acids (IAA), the hop-derived bitter compounds in beer, prevents inflammation and Alzheimer's disease pathology in model mice. However, the effects of iso-α-acids on inflammation induced by other agents aside from amyloid β have not been investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that the consumption of iso-α-acids suppressed microglial inflammation in the frontal cortex of rTg4510 tauopathy mice. In addition, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1β and MIP-1β, in the frontal cortex of rTg4510 mice were greater than those of wild-type mice, and were reduced in rTg4510 mice fed with iso-α-acids. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the expression of cells producing CD86, CD68, TSPO, MIP-1α, TNF-α, and IL-1β in microglia was increased in rTg4510 mice compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, the expression of CD86- and MIP-1α-producing cells was reduced in rTg4510 mice administered with iso-α-acids. Moreover, the consumption of iso-α-acids reduced the levels of phosphorylated tau in the frontal cortex. Collectively, these results suggest that the consumption of iso-α-acids prevents the inflammation induced in tauopathy mice. Thus, iso-α-acids may help in preventing inflammation-related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Ano
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yuta Takaichi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Keiji Kondo
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Takashima
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan.
- Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan.
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49
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Seliger JM, Cicek SS, Witt LT, Martin HJ, Maser E, Hintzpeter J. Selective Inhibition of Human AKR1B10 by n-Humulone, Adhumulone and Cohumulone Isolated from Humulus lupulus Extract. Molecules 2018; 23:E3041. [PMID: 30469331 PMCID: PMC6278539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23113041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hop-derived compounds have been subjected to numerous biomedical studies investigating their impact on a wide range of pathologies. Isomerised bitter acids (isoadhumulone, isocohumulone and isohumulone) from hops, used in the brewing process of beer, are known to inhibit members of the aldo-keto-reductase superfamily. Aldo-keto-reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) is upregulated in various types of cancer and has been reported to promote carcinogenesis. Inhibition of AKR1B10 appears to be an attractive means to specifically treat RAS-dependent malignancies. However, the closely related reductases AKR1A1 and AKR1B1, which fulfil important roles in the detoxification of endogenous and xenobiotic carbonyl compounds oftentimes crossreact with inhibitors designed to target AKR1B10. Accordingly, there is an ongoing search for selective AKR1B10 inhibitors that do not interact with endogeneous AKR1A1 and AKR1B1-driven detoxification systems. In this study, unisomerised α-acids (adhumulone, cohumulone and n-humulone) were separated and tested for their inhibitory potential on AKR1A1, AKR1B1 and AKR1B10. Also AKR1B10-mediated farnesal reduction was effectively inhibited by α-acid congeners with Ki-values ranging from 16.79 ± 1.33 µM (adhumulone) to 3.94 ± 0.33 µM (n-humulone). Overall, α-acids showed a strong inhibition with selectivity (115⁻137 fold) for AKR1B10. The results presented herein characterise hop-derived α-acids as a promising basis for the development of novel and selective AKR1B10-inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Moritz Seliger
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswikerstr. 10, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Serhat Sezai Cicek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Lydia T Witt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jörg Martin
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswikerstr. 10, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Edmund Maser
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswikerstr. 10, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Jan Hintzpeter
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswikerstr. 10, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
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50
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Fukuda T, Uchida K, Nakayama H, Ano Y. Short-term administration of iso-α-acids increases transthyretin transcription in the hippocampus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:471-475. [PMID: 30458988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline and dementia are currently recognized as major problems in the aging population; however, there is still no promising treatment for these conditions. Previously, our group reported that iso-α-acids (IAAs), which are hop-derived bitter components present in beer, prevent inflammation and cognitive impairment in an Alzheimer's disease model mice (5xFAD mice) and yield significant reduction in amyloid β (Αβ) in the brain. However, data on the molecular mechanisms underlying these physiological effects of IAAs remain limited. Here, we used transcriptome analysis and found that oral administration of IAAs to 5xFAD mice for 7 days induces a 58.9-fold increase in the expression of transthyretin (TTR; Ttr) in the hippocampus compared with controls. In addition, real-time quantitative PCR showed that oral administration of IAAs significantly increased Ttr transcription in the hippocampi of wild type C57BL/6J mice but not in the cerebral cortex. TTR is an Αβ protein scavenger; thus, an increase in its expression could prevent amyloid aggregate formation. These results indicate that IAAs reduce Αβ in the brain by elevating TTR levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Fukuda
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Ano
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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