1
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Naully PG, Tan MI, Agustiningsih A, Sukowati C, Giri-Rachman EA. cccDNA epigenetic regulator as target for therapeutical vaccine development against hepatitis B. Ann Hepatol 2024; 30:101533. [PMID: 39147134 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) remains a global health concern, with currently available antiviral therapies demonstrating limited effectiveness in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Two primary challenges in CHB treatment include the persistence of the minichromosome, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and the failure of the host immune response to eliminate cccDNA. Recent findings indicate several host and HBV proteins involved in the epigenetic regulation of cccDNA, including HBV core protein (HBc) and HBV x protein (HBx). Both proteins might contribute to the stability of the cccDNA minichromosome and interact with viral and host proteins to support transcription. One potential avenue for CHB treatment involves the utilization of therapeutic vaccines. This paper explores HBV antigens suitable for epigenetic manipulation of cccDNA, elucidates their mechanisms of action, and evaluates their potential as key components of epigenetically-driven vaccines for CHB therapy. Molecular targeted agents with therapeutic vaccines offer a promising strategy for addressing CHB by targeting the virus and enhancing the host's immunological response. Despite challenges, the development of these vaccines provides new hope for CHB patients by emphasizing the need for HBV antigens that induce effective immune responses without causing T cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gita Naully
- School of Life Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Jenderal Achmad Yani University, Cimahi 40525, Indonesia
| | - Marselina Irasonia Tan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Agustiningsih Agustiningsih
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
| | - Caecilia Sukowati
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia; Liver Cancer Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34049, Trieste, Italy
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2
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Adhikari S, Singh V, Nandi S, Ghosal M, Raj NS, Khanna J, Bhattacharya A, Kabiraj A, Mondal A, Vasudevan M, Senapati D, Roy H, Sengupta K, Notani D, Das C. UBR7 in concert with EZH2 inhibits the TGF-β signaling leading to extracellular matrix remodeling. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114394. [PMID: 38923455 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between resident cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) profoundly influences cancer progression. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), ECM architecture evolves due to the enrichment of lysyl oxidase, fibronectin, and collagen, promoting distant metastasis. Here we uncover a pivotal transcription regulatory mechanism involving the epigenetic regulator UBR7 and histone methyltransferase EZH2 in regulating transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling, affecting the expression of ECM genes. UBR7 loss leads to a dramatic reduction in facultative heterochromatin mark H3K27me3, activating ECM genes. UBR7 plays a crucial role in matrix deposition in adherent cancer cells and spheroids, altering collagen content and lysyl oxidase activity, directly affecting matrix stiffness and invasiveness. These findings are further validated in vivo in mice models and TNBC patients, where reduced UBR7 levels are accompanied by increased ECM component expression and activity, leading to fibrosis-mediated matrix stiffness. Thus, UBR7 is a master regulator of matrix stiffening, influencing the metastatic potential of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Adhikari
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Vipin Singh
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sandhik Nandi
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Manorama Ghosal
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Jayati Khanna
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Apoorva Bhattacharya
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Aindrila Kabiraj
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Atanu Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Dulal Senapati
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Himansu Roy
- Department of Surgery, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kundan Sengupta
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dimple Notani
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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3
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Wang D, Chen D, Xu S, Wei F, Zhao H. Comparative proteomic analysis of PK-15 cells infected with wild-type strain and its EP0 gene-deleted mutant strain of pseudorabies virus. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e54. [PMID: 39083206 PMCID: PMC11291433 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.24069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE As one of the main etiologic agents of infectious diseases in pigs, pseudorabies virus (PRV) infections have caused enormous economic losses worldwide. EP0, one of the PRV early proteins (EP) plays a vital role in PRV infections, but the mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE This study examined the function of EP0 to provide a direction for its in-depth analysis. METHODS In this study, the EP0-deleted PRV mutant was obtained, and Tandem Mass Tag-based proteomic analysis was used to screen the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) quantitatively in EP0-deleted PRV- or wild-type PRV-infected porcine kidney 15 cells. RESULTS This study identified 7,391 DEPs, including 120 and 21 up-regulated and down-regulated DEPs, respectively. Western blot analysis confirmed the changes in the expression of the selected proteins, such as speckled protein 100. Comprehensive analysis revealed 141 DEPs involved in various biological processes and molecular functions, such as transcription regulator activity, biological regulation, and localization. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These results holistically outlined the functions of EP0 during a PRV infection and might provide a direction for more detailed function studies of EP0 and the stimulation of lytic PRV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- School of Agroforestry and Medicine, The Open University of China, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Dongjie Chen
- Institute of Animal Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Shengkui Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Institute of Animal Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhao
- School of Modern Agriculture & Biotechnology, Ankang University, Ankang 725000, China.
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4
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Xu G, Wang X, Qin L, Gao J, Song G. SP110 Could be Used as a Potential Predictive and Therapeutic Biomarker for Oral Cancer. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01212-8. [PMID: 38951481 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The morbidity of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been rising year after year, making it a major global health issue. But the molecular pathogenesis of OSCC is currently unclear. To study the potential pathogenesis of OSCC, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, and multiple databases were used to perform the tumor stage, expression, prognosis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, modules, and the functional enrichment analysis. Moreover, we have identified SP110 as the key candidate gene and conducted various analyses on it using multiple databases. The research indicated that there were 211 common DEGs, and they were enriched in various GO terms and pathways. Meanwhile, one DEG is significantly related to short disease-free survival, four are associated with overall survival, and 12 DEGs have close ties with tumor staging. Additionally, the SP110 is significantly associated with methylation level, HPV status, tumor staging, gender, race, tumor grade, age, and overall/disease-free survival of oral cancer patients, as well as the immune process. The copy number variation of SP110 significantly affected the abundance of immune infiltration. Therefore, we speculate that SP110 could be used as the diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for OSCC, and can help to further understand oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Road Xinjian 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Medical University School of Basic Medical Science, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaotang Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Road Xinjian 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Shanxi Medical University School of Basic Medical Science, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Litao Qin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Road Xinjian 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jiping Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Road Xinjian 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Guohua Song
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Human Disease Animal Model, Shanxi Medical University, Road Xinjian 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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5
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Singh V, Mondal A, Adhikary S, Mondal P, Shirgaonkar N, DasGupta R, Roy S, Das C. UBR7 E3 Ligase Suppresses Interferon-β Mediated Immune Signaling by Targeting Sp110 in Hepatitis B Virus-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS Infect Dis 2024. [PMID: 38938101 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
A newly discovered E3 ubiquitin ligase, UBR7, plays a crucial role in histone H2BK120 monoubiquitination. Here, we report a novel function of UBR7 in promoting hepatitis B virus (HBV) pathogenesis, which further leads to HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Transcriptomics analysis from HCC patients revealed the deregulation of UBR7 in cancer. Remarkably, targeting UBR7, particularly its catalytic function, led to a significant decrease in viral copy numbers. We also identified the speckled family protein Sp110 as an important substrate of UBR7. Notably, Sp110 has been previously shown to be a resident of promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), where it remains SUMOylated, and during HBV infection, it undergoes deSUMOylation and exits the PML body. We observed that UBR7 ubiquitinates Sp110 at critical residues within its SAND domain. Sp110 ubiquitination downregulates genes in the type I interferon response pathway. Comparative analysis of RNA-Seq from the UBR7/Sp110 knockdown data set confirmed that the IFN-β signaling pathway gets deregulated in HCC cells in the presence of HBV. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis of patient samples further confirmed the inverse correlation between the expression of Sp110/UBR7 and the inflammation score. Notably, silencing of UBR7 induces IRF7 phosphorylation, thereby augmenting interferon (IFN)-β and the downstream interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Further, wild-type but not the ubiquitination-defective mutant of Sp110 could be recruited to the type I interferon response pathway genes. Our study establishes a new function of UBR7 in non-histone protein ubiquitination, promoting viral persistence, and has important implications for the development of therapeutic strategies targeting HBV-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Singh
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Atanu Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Santanu Adhikary
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Payel Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Niranjan Shirgaonkar
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 138672 Singapore
| | - Ramanuj DasGupta
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 138672 Singapore
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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6
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Yang Y, Yu F. Abnormal protein SUMOylation in liver disease: novel target for therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:719-731. [PMID: 38565749 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02440-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
SUMOylation is an important protein post-translational modification (PTM) process, in which the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein covalently binds to the target protein and regulates stability, subcellular localization, and protein-protein interaction of the target protein. Protein SUMOylation exerts crucial regulatory function in the liver, and its abnormalities are associated with various liver-related disease processes. This review focuses on the biological functions of protein SUMOylation in liver-related diseases in recent years, summarizes the molecular mechanisms of SUMOylation in the replication of hepatitis viruses and the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and discusses the significance of SUMOylation in liver-related disorders, which is essential for understanding liver biological processes and formulating therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China.
| | - Fuxun Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China.
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7
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Mondal A, Sarkar A, Das D, Sengupta A, Kabiraj A, Mondal P, Nag R, Mukherjee S, Das C. Epigenetic orchestration of the DNA damage response: Insights into the regulatory mechanisms. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 387:99-141. [PMID: 39179350 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is a critical cellular mechanism that safeguards genome integrity and prevents the accumulation of harmful DNA lesions. Increasing evidence highlights the intersection between DDR signaling and epigenetic regulation, offering profound insights into various aspects of cellular function including oncogenesis. This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between the epigenetic modifications and DDR activation, with a specific focus on the impact of viral infections. Oncogenic viruses, such as human papillomavirus, hepatitis virus (HBV or HCV), and Epstein-Barr virus have been shown to activate the DDR. Consequently, these DNA damage events trigger a cascade of epigenetic alterations, including changes in DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications and the expression of noncoding RNAs. These epigenetic changes exert profound effects on chromatin structure, gene expression, and maintenance of genome stability. Importantly, elucidation of the viral-induced epigenetic alterations in the context of DDR holds significant implications for comprehending the complexity of cancer and provides potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Dipanwita Das
- Virus Unit [NICED-ICMR], ID and BG Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Amrita Sengupta
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Aindrila Kabiraj
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Payel Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Rachayita Nag
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Shravanti Mukherjee
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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8
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Hofmann S, Plank V, Groitl P, Skvorc N, Hofmann K, Luther J, Ko C, Zimmerman P, Bruss V, Stadler D, Carpentier A, Rezk S, Nassal M, Protzer U, Schreiner S. SUMO Modification of Hepatitis B Virus Core Mediates Nuclear Entry, Promyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Body Association, and Efficient Formation of Covalently Closed Circular DNA. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0044623. [PMID: 37199632 PMCID: PMC10269885 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00446-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is due to a nuclear covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), generated from the virion-borne relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) genome in a process likely involving numerous cell factors from the host DNA damage response (DDR). The HBV core protein mediates rcDNA transport to the nucleus and likely affects stability and transcriptional activity of cccDNA. Our study aimed at investigating the role of HBV core protein and its posttranslational modification (PTM) with SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifiers) during the establishment of cccDNA. HBV core protein SUMO PTM was analyzed in His-SUMO-overexpressing cell lines. The impact of HBV core SUMOylation on association with cellular interaction partners and on the HBV life cycle was determined using SUMOylation-deficient mutants of the HBV core protein. Here, we show that the HBV core protein is posttranslationally modified by the addition of SUMO and that this modification impacts nuclear import of rcDNA. By using SUMOylation-deficient HBV core mutants, we show that SUMO modification is a prerequisite for the association with specific promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) and regulates the conversion of rcDNA to cccDNA. By in vitro SUMOylation of HBV core, we obtained evidence that SUMOylation triggers nucleocapsid disassembly, providing novel insights into the nuclear import process of rcDNA. HBV core protein SUMOylation and subsequent association with PML bodies in the nucleus constitute a key step in the conversion of HBV rcDNA to cccDNA and therefore a promising target for inhibiting formation of the HBV persistence reservoir. IMPORTANCE HBV cccDNA is formed from the incomplete rcDNA involving several host DDR proteins. The exact process and the site of cccDNA formation are poorly understood. Here, we show that HBV core protein SUMO modification is a novel PTM regulating the function of HBV core. A minor specific fraction of the HBV core protein resides with PML-NBs in the nuclear matrix. SUMO modification of HBV core protein mediates its recruitment to specific PML-NBs within the host cell. Within HBV nucleocapsids, SUMOylation of HBV core induces HBV capsid disassembly and is a prerequisite for nuclear entry of HBV core. SUMO HBV core protein association with PML-NBs is crucial for efficient conversion of rcDNA to cccDNA and for the establishment of the viral persistence reservoir. HBV core protein SUMO modification and the subsequent association with PML-NBs might constitute a potential novel target in the development of drugs targeting the cccDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hofmann
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Verena Plank
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Groitl
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Skvorc
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Hofmann
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julius Luther
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chunkyu Ko
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Zimmerman
- Department of Internal Medicine II/Molecular Biology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Volker Bruss
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Stadler
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Shahinda Rezk
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Medical Research Institute, Department of Molecular and Diagnostic Microbiology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Michael Nassal
- Department of Internal Medicine II/Molecular Biology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schreiner
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (Resolving Infection Susceptibility; EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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9
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Ryabchenko B, Šroller V, Horníková L, Lovtsov A, Forstová J, Huérfano S. The interactions between PML nuclear bodies and small and medium size DNA viruses. Virol J 2023; 20:82. [PMID: 37127643 PMCID: PMC10152602 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PM NBs), often referred to as membraneless organelles, are dynamic macromolecular protein complexes composed of a PML protein core and other transient or permanent components. PML NBs have been shown to play a role in a wide variety of cellular processes. This review describes in detail the diverse and complex interactions between small and medium size DNA viruses and PML NBs that have been described to date. The PML NB components that interact with small and medium size DNA viruses include PML protein isoforms, ATRX/Daxx, Sp100, Sp110, HP1, and p53, among others. Interaction between viruses and components of these NBs can result in different outcomes, such as influencing viral genome expression and/or replication or impacting IFN-mediated or apoptotic cell responses to viral infection. We discuss how PML NB components abrogate the ability of adenoviruses or Hepatitis B virus to transcribe and/or replicate their genomes and how papillomaviruses use PML NBs and their components to promote their propagation. Interactions between polyomaviruses and PML NBs that are poorly understood but nevertheless suggest that the NBs can serve as scaffolds for viral replication or assembly are also presented. Furthermore, complex interactions between the HBx protein of hepadnaviruses and several PML NBs-associated proteins are also described. Finally, current but scarce information regarding the interactions of VP3/apoptin of the avian anellovirus with PML NBs is provided. Despite the considerable number of studies that have investigated the functions of the PML NBs in the context of viral infection, gaps in our understanding of the fine interactions between viruses and the very dynamic PML NBs remain. The complexity of the bodies is undoubtedly a great challenge that needs to be further addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Ryabchenko
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Šroller
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Horníková
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Alexey Lovtsov
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Forstová
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Huérfano
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, 25250, Czech Republic.
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10
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You H, Ma L, Wang X, Zhang F, Han Y, Yao J, Pan X, Zheng K, Kong F, Tang R. The emerging role of DEAD/H-box helicases in hepatitis B virus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1062553. [PMID: 36506030 PMCID: PMC9732268 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1062553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DEAD/H-box helicases are an essential protein family with a conserved motif containing unique amino acid sequences (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His). Current evidence indicates that DEAD/H-box helicases regulate RNA metabolism and innate immune responses. In recent years, DEAD/H-box helicases have been reported to participate in the development of a variety of diseases, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which is a significant risk factor for hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that different DEAD/H-box helicases play vital roles in the regulation of viral replication, based on the interaction of DEAD/H-box helicases with HBV and the modulation of innate signaling pathways mediated by DEAD/H-box helicases. Besides these, HBV can alter the expression and activity of DEAD/H-box helicases to facilitate its biosynthesis. More importantly, current investigation suggests that targeting DEAD/H-box helicases with appropriate compounds is an attractive treatment strategy for the virus infection. In this review, we delineate recent advances in molecular mechanisms relevant to the interplay of DEAD/H-box helicase and HBV and the potential of targeting DEAD/H-box helicase to eliminate HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fulong Zhang
- Imaging Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yiran Han
- First School of Clinical Medical, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Yao
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiucheng Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Renxian Tang, ; Fanyun Kong,
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Renxian Tang, ; Fanyun Kong,
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11
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Yang G, Wan P, Zhang Y, Tan Q, Qudus MS, Yue Z, Luo W, Zhang W, Ouyang J, Li Y, Wu J. Innate Immunity, Inflammation, and Intervention in HBV Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:2275. [PMID: 36298831 PMCID: PMC9609328 DOI: 10.3390/v14102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still one of the most dangerous viral illnesses. HBV infects around 257 million individuals worldwide. Hepatitis B in many individuals ultimately develops hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The innate immunity acts as the first line of defense against HBV infection through activating antiviral genes. Along with the immune responses, pro-inflammatory cytokines are triggered to enhance the antiviral responses, but this may result in acute or chronic liver inflammation, especially when the clearance of virus is unsuccessful. To a degree, the host innate immune and inflammatory responses dominate the HBV infection and liver pathogenesis. Thus, it is crucial to figure out the signaling pathways involved in the activation of antiviral factors and inflammatory cytokines. Here, we review the interplay between HBV and the signal pathways that mediates innate immune responses and inflammation. In addition, we summarize current therapeutic strategies for HBV infection via modulating innate immunity or inflammation. Characterizing the mechanisms that underlie these HBV-host interplays might provide new approaches for the cure of chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yang
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Pin Wan
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiaoru Tan
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Muhammad Suhaib Qudus
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yue
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People’s Hospital, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Guangdong Longfan Biological Science and Technology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Jianhua Ouyang
- Guangdong Longfan Biological Science and Technology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Yongkui Li
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Longfan Biological Science and Technology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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12
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Sengupta I, Mondal P, Sengupta A, Mondal A, Singh V, Adhikari S, Dhang S, Roy S, Das C. Epigenetic regulation of Fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase 1 by host transcription factor Speckled 110
kDa
during hepatitis B virus infection. FEBS J 2022; 289:6694-6713. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Sengupta
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
| | - Payel Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute Mumbai India
| | - Amrita Sengupta
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
| | - Atanu Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute Mumbai India
| | - Vipin Singh
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute Mumbai India
| | - Swagata Adhikari
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute Mumbai India
| | - Sinjini Dhang
- Structural Biology & Bio‐Informatics Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Structural Biology & Bio‐Informatics Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Kolkata India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute Mumbai India
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13
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You H, Qin S, Zhang F, Hu W, Li X, Liu D, Kong F, Pan X, Zheng K, Tang R. Regulation of Pattern-Recognition Receptor Signaling by HBX During Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:829923. [PMID: 35251017 PMCID: PMC8891514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a small DNA virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays a pivotal role in the development of various liver diseases, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Among the molecules encoded by this virus, the HBV X protein (HBX) is a viral transactivator that plays a vital role in HBV replication and virus-associated diseases. Accumulating evidence so far indicates that pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are at the front-line of the host defense responses to restrict the virus by inducing the expression of interferons and various inflammatory factors. However, depending on HBX, the virus can control PRR signaling by modulating the expression and activity of essential molecules involved in the toll-like receptor (TLR), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR), and NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathways, to not only facilitate HBV replication, but also promote the development of viral diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms that are linked to the regulation of PRR signaling mediated by HBX to inhibit innate immunity, regulation of viral propagation, virus-induced inflammation, and hepatocarcinogenesis. Given the importance of PRRs in the control of HBV replication, we propose that a comprehensive understanding of the modulation of cellular factors involved in PRR signaling induced by the viral protein may open new avenues for the treatment of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Suping Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fulong Zhang
- Imaging Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, The Affiliate Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Xiaocui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, The Affiliate Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiucheng Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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14
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Imbert F, Langford D. Viruses, SUMO, and immunity: the interplay between viruses and the host SUMOylation system. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:531-541. [PMID: 34342851 PMCID: PMC8330205 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-00995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The conjugation of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to substrates is a well-described post-translational modification that regulates protein activity, subcellular localization, and protein-protein interactions for a variety of downstream cellular activities. Several studies describe SUMOylation as an essential post-translational modification for successful viral infection across a broad range of viruses, including RNA and DNA viruses, both enveloped and un-enveloped. These viruses include but are not limited to herpes viruses, human immunodeficiency virus-1, and coronaviruses. In addition to the SUMOylation of viral proteins during infection, evidence shows that viruses manipulate the SUMO pathway for host protein SUMOylation. SUMOylation of host and viral proteins greatly impacts host innate immunity through viral manipulation of the host SUMOylation machinery to promote viral replication and pathogenesis. Other post-translational modifications like phosphorylation can also modulate SUMO function. For example, phosphorylation of COUP-TF interacting protein 2 (CTIP2) leads to its SUMOylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. The SUMOylation of CTIP2 and subsequent degradation prevents CTIP2-mediated recruitment of a multi-enzymatic complex to the HIV-1 promoter that usually prevents the transcription of integrated viral DNA. Thus, the "SUMO switch" could have implications for CTIP2-mediated transcriptional repression of HIV-1 in latency and viral persistence. In this review, we describe the consequences of SUMO in innate immunity and then focus on the various ways that viral pathogens have evolved to hijack the conserved SUMO machinery. Increased understanding of the many roles of SUMOylation in viral infections can lead to novel insight into the regulation of viral pathogenesis with the potential to uncover new targets for antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergan Imbert
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, PA, 19140, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Dianne Langford
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, PA, 19140, Philadelphia, USA.
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15
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K. ST, Joshi G, Arya P, Mahajan V, Chaturvedi A, Mishra RK. SUMO and SUMOylation Pathway at the Forefront of Host Immune Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:681057. [PMID: 34336833 PMCID: PMC8316833 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.681057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens pose a continuous challenge for the survival of the host species. In response to the pathogens, the host immune system mounts orchestrated defense responses initiating various mechanisms both at the cellular and molecular levels, including multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) leading to the initiation of signaling pathways. The network of such pathways results in the recruitment of various innate immune components and cells at the site of infection and activation of the adaptive immune cells, which work in synergy to combat the pathogens. Ubiquitination is one of the most commonly used PTMs. Host cells utilize ubiquitination for both temporal and spatial regulation of immune response pathways. Over the last decade, ubiquitin family proteins, particularly small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMO), have been widely implicated in host immune response. SUMOs are ubiquitin-like (Ubl) proteins transiently conjugated to a wide variety of proteins through SUMOylation. SUMOs primarily exert their effect on target proteins by covalently modifying them. However, SUMO also engages in a non-covalent interaction with the SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) in target proteins. Unlike ubiquitination, SUMOylation alters localization, interactions, functions, or stability of target proteins. This review provides an overview of the interplay of SUMOylation and immune signaling and development pathways in general. Additionally, we discuss in detail the regulation exerted by covalent SUMO modifications of target proteins, and SIM mediated non-covalent interactions with several effector proteins. In addition, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the importance of the SUMO pathway in the development and maintenance of a robust immune system network of the host. We also summarize how pathogens modulate the host SUMO cycle to sustain infectability. Studies dealing mainly with SUMO pathway proteins in the immune system are still in infancy. We anticipate that the field will see a thorough and more directed analysis of the SUMO pathway in regulating different cells and pathways of the immune system. Our current understanding of the importance of the SUMO pathway in the immune system necessitates an urgent need to synthesize specific inhibitors, bioactive regulatory molecules, as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeev T. K.
- Nups and SUMO Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Garima Joshi
- Nups and SUMO Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Pooja Arya
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Vibhuti Mahajan
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Akanksha Chaturvedi
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Ram Kumar Mishra
- Nups and SUMO Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhopal, India
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16
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Singh P, Kairuz D, Arbuthnot P, Bloom K. Silencing hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA: The potential of an epigenetic therapy approach. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:3182-3207. [PMID: 34163105 PMCID: PMC8218364 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i23.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Global prophylactic vaccination programmes have helped to curb new hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. However, it is estimated that nearly 300 million people are chronically infected and have a high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. As such, HBV remains a serious health priority and the development of novel curative therapeutics is urgently needed. Chronic HBV infection has been attributed to the persistence of the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) which establishes itself as a minichromosome in the nucleus of hepatocytes. As the viral transcription intermediate, the cccDNA is responsible for producing new virions and perpetuating infection. HBV is dependent on various host factors for cccDNA formation and the minichromosome is amenable to epigenetic modifications. Two HBV proteins, X (HBx) and core (HBc) promote viral replication by modulating the cccDNA epigenome and regulating host cell responses. This includes viral and host gene expression, chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, the antiviral immune response, apoptosis, and ubiquitination. Elimination of the cccDNA minichromosome would result in a sterilizing cure; however, this may be difficult to achieve. Epigenetic therapies could permanently silence the cccDNA minichromosome and promote a functional cure. This review explores the cccDNA epigenome, how host and viral factors influence transcription, and the recent epigenetic therapies and epigenome engineering approaches that have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashika Singh
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Dylan Kairuz
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Patrick Arbuthnot
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Kristie Bloom
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, Gauteng, South Africa
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17
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Chen DV, Suzuki T, Itoh Y, Maeda Y, Hirano J, Haga S, Zhang H, Ito D, Matsuura Y, Okamoto T. Deneddylation by SENP8 restricts hepatitis B virus propagation. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:125-135. [PMID: 33433029 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteins newly synthesized from messenger RNA undergo Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, methylation, and ubiquitination. These PTMs have important roles in protein stability, localization, and conformation and have been reported to be involved in hepatitis B virus (HBV) propagation. Although ubiquitination plays an essential role in HBV life cycles, the involvement of ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) in HBV life cycles has been understudied. Through comprehensive gain- and loss-of-function screening of UBLs, we observed that neddylation, a PTM in which neural precursor cell, expressed developmentally downregulated 8 (NEDD8) is conjugated to substrate proteins, was required for efficient HBV propagation. We also found that overexpression of sentrin-specific protease 8 (SENP8), which cleaves conjugated NEDD8, suppressed HBV propagation. Further, the catalytic activity of SENP8 was required for the suppression of HBV propagation. These results indicated that the reduction of neddylation negatively regulated HBV propagation. In addition, we demonstrated that suppression of HBV propagation via SENP8 overexpression was independent of hepatitis B protein X (HBx) and HBV promoter activity. Therefore, our data suggested that neddylation plays an important role in the late stages of HBV life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Virya Chen
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research, Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research, Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yumi Itoh
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research, Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maeda
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research, Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Junki Hirano
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research, Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Saori Haga
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research, Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - He Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research, Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Daiki Ito
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research, Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research, Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research, Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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18
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Balagopal A, Hwang HS, Grudda T, Quinn J, Sterling RK, Sulkowski MS, Thio CL. Single Hepatocyte Hepatitis B Virus Transcriptional Landscape in HIV Coinfection. J Infect Dis 2021; 221:1462-1469. [PMID: 31740931 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Approximately 10% of people with HIV also have HBV and are at higher risk of liver disease progression than in HBV monoinfection. Antivirals, common to HIV and HBV, suppress HBV DNA levels but do not eradicate virus because the transcriptional template, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), is long lived in infected hepatocytes. METHODS Using single-cell laser capture microdissection, we isolated >1100 hepatocytes from 5 HIV/HBV coinfected persons with increasing exposure to HBV antivirals (HB1-HB5; no exposure to >7 years exposure), quantifying cccDNA and pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) in each cell using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The proportion of infected hepatocytes decreased with antiviral exposure from 96.4% (HB1) to 29.8% (HB5). Upper cccDNA range and median pgRNA decreased from HB1 to HB5 (P < .05 for both). The amount of pgRNA transcribed per cccDNA also decreased from HB1 to HB5 (P < .05). Cells with inactive pgRNA transcription were enriched from 0% (HB1) to 14.3% (HB5) of infected hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS cccDNA transcription is reduced in HIV/HBV coinfected people with longer antiviral duration. Understanding HBV transcriptional regulation may be critical to develop a functional cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Balagopal
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hyon S Hwang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tanner Grudda
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey Quinn
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Mark S Sulkowski
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chloe L Thio
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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19
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Wang Z, Wang W, Wang L. Epigenetic regulation of covalently closed circular DNA minichromosome in hepatitis B virus infection. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41048-020-00112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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20
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Zeng M, Liu W, Hu Y, Fu N. Sumoylation in liver disease. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:347-353. [PMID: 32710938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO) are highly conserved post-translational modification proteins that are present in eukaryotic cells. They are extensively expressed in diverse tissues, including the heart, liver, kidney, and lungs. SUMOylation, a crucial post-translational modification, exhibits a strong effect on DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, protein stability and cell cycle progression. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that SUMOylation is closely related to the development of liver disease. Therefore, the effects of SUMOylation in liver diseases, such as Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) were reviewed in this study. Specifically, SUMO1 was found to promote the invasion and metastasis of HCC and may promote hypoxia-mediated P65 nuclear transport while accelerating the progression of HCC. In addition, SUMO1-modified centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CAPA) was observed to be overexpressed in Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC in response to TNF-α stimulation. Furthermore, SUMOylated CAPA was found to induce HBX-triggered NF-κB activation. Considering the diversity and significance of SUMOylation, targeting of the SUMOylation pathway may serve as an effective approach in the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
| | - Nian Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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21
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Ipr1 Regulation by Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase/Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 and Modulation of Irgm1 Expression via p53. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00471-19. [PMID: 31988106 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00471-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathogen resistance 1 (Ipr1) has been found to be a mediator to integrate cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), activated by intracellular pathogens, with the p53 pathway. Previous studies have shown the process of Ipr1 induction by various immune reactions, including intracellular bacterial and viral infections. The present study demonstrated that Ipr1 is regulated by the cGAS-IRF3 pathway during pathogenic infection. IRF3 was found to regulate Ipr1 expression by directly binding the interferon-stimulated response element motif of the Ipr1 promoter. Knockdown of Ipr1 decreased the expression of immunity-related GTPase family M member 1 (Irgm1), which plays critical roles in autophagy initiation. Irgm1 promoter characterization revealed a p53 motif in front of the transcription start site. P53 was found to participate in regulation of Irgm1 expression and IPR1-related effects on P53 stability by affecting interactions between ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11) and transformed mouse 3T3 cell double minute 2 (MDM2). Our results indicate that Ipr1 integrates cGAS-IRF3 with p53-modulated Irgm1 expression.
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Mondal P, Sen S, Klein BJ, Tiwary N, Gadad SS, Kutateladze TG, Roy S, Das C. TCF19 Promotes Cell Proliferation through Binding to the Histone H3K4me3 Mark. Biochemistry 2020; 59:389-399. [PMID: 31746185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor 19 (TCF19) plays critical roles in type 1 diabetes and the maintenance of pancreatic β cells. Recent studies have also implicated TCF19 in cell proliferation of hepatic carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma; however, the mechanism underlying this regulation remains elusive. At the molecular level, TCF19 contains two modules, the plant homeodomain (PHD) finger and the forkhead-associated (FHA) domain, of unclear function. Here, we show that TCF19 mediates hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell proliferation through its PHD finger that recognizes trimethylated lysine 4 of histone 3 (H3K4me3). W316 of the PHD finger of TCF19 is one of the critical residues eliciting this function. Whole genome microarray analysis and orthogonal cell-based assays identified a large subset of genes involved in cell survival and proliferation that depend on TCF19. Our data suggest that TCF19 acts as a pro-oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and that its functional PHD finger is critical in cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , 1/AF Bidhannagar , Kolkata 700064 , India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute , Mumbai 400094 , India
| | - Sabyasachi Sen
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , 1/AF Bidhannagar , Kolkata 700064 , India
| | - Brianna J Klein
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Niharika Tiwary
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , 1/AF Bidhannagar , Kolkata 700064 , India
| | - Shrikanth S Gadad
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , El Paso , Texas 79905 , United States
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road , Kolkata 700032 , India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , 1/AF Bidhannagar , Kolkata 700064 , India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute , Mumbai 400094 , India
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Zhang J, Sun L. Global profiling of megalocytivirus-induced proteins in tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) spleen identifies cellular processes essential to viral infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:150-159. [PMID: 30428365 PMCID: PMC7102559 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Megalocytivirus is a DNA virus with a broad host range among farmed fish including tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). In this study, label-free proteomics was performed to examine protein expression in tongue sole spleen induced by megalocytivirus at 8 and 12 days post infection (dpi). Compared to uninfected control fish, virus-infected fish displayed 315 up-regulated proteins and 111 down-regulated proteins at 8 dpi, and 48 up-regulated proteins and 43 down-regulated proteins at 12 dpi. The expressions of five differentially expressed proteins were confirmed by Western blot. The differentially expressed proteins were enriched in the pathways and processes associated with innate immune response and viral infection. Interference with the expression of two up-regulated proteins of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), i.e. proteasome assembly chaperone 2 and proteasome maturation protein, significantly reduced viral propagation in fish, whereas overexpression of these two proteins significantly enhanced viral propagation. Consistently, inhibition of the functioning of proteasome significantly impaired viral replication in vivo. This study provided the first global protein profile responsive to megalocytivirus in tongue sole, and revealed an essential role of UPS in viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China; Deep Sea Research Center, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.
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Zucchelli C, Tamburri S, Filosa G, Ghitti M, Quilici G, Bachi A, Musco G. Sp140 is a multi-SUMO-1 target and its PHD finger promotes SUMOylation of the adjacent Bromodomain. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1863:456-465. [PMID: 30465816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Sp140 protein is a leukocyte-specific member of the speckled protein (Sp) family (Sp100, Sp110, Sp140, Sp140L), a class of multi-domain nuclear proteins involved in intrinsic immunity and transcriptional regulation. Sp140 regulates macrophage transcriptional program and is implicated in several haematologic malignancies. Little is known about Sp140 structural domains and its post-translational modifications. METHODS We used mass spectrometry and biochemical experiments to investigate endogenous Sp140 SUMOylation in Burkitt's Lymphoma cells and Sp140 SUMOylation sites in HEK293T cells, FLAG-Sp140 transfected and His6-SUMO-1T95K infected. NMR spectroscopy and in vitro SUMOylation reactions were applied to investigate the role of Sp140 PHD finger in the SUMOylation of the adjacent BRD. RESULTS Endogenous Sp140 is a SUMO-1 target, whereby FLAG-Sp140 harbors at least 13 SUMOylation sites distributed along the protein sequence, including the BRD. NMR experiments prove direct binding of the SUMO E2 ligase Ubc9 and SUMO-1 to PHD-BRDSp140. In vitro SUMOylation reactions show that the PHDSp140 behaves as SUMO E3 ligase, assisting intramolecular SUMOylation of the adjacent BRD. CONCLUSIONS Sp140 is multi-SUMOylated and its PHD finger works as versatile protein-protein interaction platform promoting intramolecular SUMOylation of the adjacent BRD. Thus, combinatorial association of Sp140 chromatin binding domains generates a multifaceted interaction scaffold, whose function goes beyond the canonical histone recognition. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The addition of Sp140 to the increasing lists of multi-SUMOylated proteins opens new perspectives for molecular studies on Sp140 transcriptional activity, where SUMOylation could represent a regulatory route and a docking surface for the recruitment and assembly of leukocyte-specific transcription regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zucchelli
- Biomolecular NMR Unit c/o IRCCS S. Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Tamburri
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy; San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filosa
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Ghitti
- Biomolecular NMR Unit c/o IRCCS S. Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Quilici
- Biomolecular NMR Unit c/o IRCCS S. Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR Unit c/o IRCCS S. Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
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Yang F. Post-translational Modification Control of HBV Biological Processes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2661. [PMID: 30443247 PMCID: PMC6222169 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus infection remains a global healthy issue that needs to be urgently solved. Novel strategies for anti-viral therapy are based on exploring the effective diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets of diseases caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It is well-established that not only viral proteins themselves but also key factors from the host control the biological processes associated with HBV, including replication, transcription, packaging, and secretion. Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination, have been shown to control protein activity, regulate protein stability, promote protein interactions and alter protein subcellular localization, leading to the modulation of crucial signaling pathways and affected cellular processes. This review focuses on the functions and effects of diverse PTMs in regulating important processes in the HBV life cycle. The potential roles of PTMs in the pathogenesis of HBV-associated liver diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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