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Wang X, Li J, Du H, Liang W, Luo C, Wu Y, Liu B. Synthesis of 1,4-epoxy-2-aryltetrahydro-1-benzazepines via rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H allylation/intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2401-2404. [PMID: 38323599 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05082c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new synthetic route to 1,4-epoxy-2-aryltetrahydro-1-benzazepine derivatives with high efficiency, namely the Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H allylation of nitrones with allyl precursors, followed by subsequent intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, to deliver the title compounds. This reaction is regio- and stereo-selective, generating the cis-isomer with a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Haifang Du
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, P. R. China
| | - Yunshan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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An Effective Synthesis of Previously Unknown 7-Aryl Substituted Paullones. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052324. [PMID: 36903571 PMCID: PMC10005103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A straightforward three-step procedure affording a wide range of novel 7-aryl substituted paullone derivatives was developed. This scaffold is structurally similar to 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetamides-promising antitumor agents-hence, could be useful for the development of a new class of anticancer drugs.
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Latonduine-1-Amino-Hydantoin Hybrid, Triazole-Fused Latonduine Schiff Bases and Their Metal Complexes: Synthesis, X-ray and Electron Diffraction, Molecular Docking Studies and Antiproliferative Activity. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of latonduine derivatives, namely 11-nitro-indolo[2,3-d]benzazepine-7-(1-amino-hydantoin) (B), triazole-fused indolo[2,3-d]benzazepine-based Schiff bases HL1 and HL2 and metal complexes [M(p-cymene)(HL1)Cl]Cl, where M = Ru (1), Os (2), and [Cu(HL2)Cl2] (3) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques (UV–vis, 1H, 13C, 15N–1H HSQC NMR) and ESI mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of B and HL1 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, while that of 3 by electron diffraction of nanometer size crystalline sample. Molecular docking calculations of species B in the binding pocket of PIM-1 enzyme revealed that the 1-amino-hydantoin moiety is not involved in any hydrogen-bonding interactions, even though a good accommodation of the host molecule in the ATP binding pocket of the enzyme was found. The antiproliferative activity of organic compounds B, HL1 and HL2, as well as complexes 1–3 was investigated in lung adenocarcinoma A549, colon adenocarcinoma LS-174 and triple-negative breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells and normal human lung fibroblast cells MRC-5 by MTT assays; then, the results are discussed.
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Zhai LH, Chen KF, Hao BB, Tan MJ. Proteomic characterization of post-translational modifications in drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:3112-3129. [PMID: 36372853 PMCID: PMC9712763 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), which are usually enzymatically catalyzed, are major regulators of protein activity and involved in almost all celluar processes. Dysregulation of PTMs is associated with various types of diseases. Therefore, PTM regulatory enzymes represent as an attractive and important class of targets in drug research and development. Inhibitors against kinases, methyltransferases, deacetyltransferases, ubiquitin ligases have achieved remarkable success in clinical application. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics technologies serve as a powerful approach for system-wide characterization of PTMs, which facilitates the identification of drug targets, elucidation of the mechanisms of action of drugs, and discovery of biomakers in personalized therapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances of proteomics-based studies on PTM targeting drugs and discuss how proteomics strategies facilicate drug target identification, mechanism elucidation, and new therapy development in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Zhongshan Institute of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongshan, 528400, China
| | - Kai-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bing-Bing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Min-Jia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Zhongshan Institute of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongshan, 528400, China.
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Kadagathur M, Patra S, Devabattula G, George J, Phanindranath R, Shaikh AS, Sigalapalli DK, Godugu C, Nagesh N, Tangellamudi ND, Shankaraiah N. Design, synthesis of DNA-interactive 4-thiazolidinone-based indolo-/pyrroloazepinone conjugates as potential cytotoxic and topoisomerase I inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Dorababu A. Update of Recently (2016–2020) Designed Azepine Analogs and Related Heterocyclic Compounds with Potent Pharmacological Activities. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2041677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gianferrara T, Cescon E, Grieco I, Spalluto G, Federico S. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Involvement in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4631-4697. [PMID: 35170406 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220216113517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GSK-3β activity has been strictly related to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Alzheimer's disease is the most studied neurodegenerative disease, but GSK-3β seems to be involved in almost all neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington's disease and the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to help researchers both working on this research topic or not to have a comprehensive overview on GSK-3β in the context of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. METHOD Literature has been searched using PubMed and SciFinder databases by inserting specific keywords. A total of more than 500 articles have been discussed. RESULTS First of all, the structure and regulation of the kinase were briefly discussed and then, specific GSK-3β implications in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases were illustrated also with the help of figures, to conclude with a comprehensive overview on the most important GSK-3β and multitarget inhibitors. For all discussed compounds, the structure and IC50 values at the target kinase have been reported. CONCLUSION GSK-3β is involved in several signaling pathways both in neurons as well as in glial cells and immune cells. The fine regulation and interconnection of all these pathways are at the base of the rationale use of GSK-3β inhibitors in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In fact, some compounds are now under clinical trials. Despite this, pharmacodynamic and ADME/Tox profiles of the compounds were often not fully characterized and this is deleterious in such a complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gianferrara
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cescon
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilenia Grieco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Wittmann C, Bacher F, Enyedy EA, Dömötör O, Spengler G, Madejski C, Reynisson J, Arion VB. Highly Antiproliferative Latonduine and Indolo[2,3- c]quinoline Derivatives: Complex Formation with Copper(II) Markedly Changes the Kinase Inhibitory Profile. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2238-2261. [PMID: 35104137 PMCID: PMC8842277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A series of latonduine
and indoloquinoline derivatives HL1–HL8 and their copper(II)
complexes (1–8) were synthesized and comprehensively
characterized. The structures of five compounds (HL6, [CuCl(L1)(DMF)]·DMF, [CuCl(L2)(CH3OH)], [CuCl(L3)]·0.5H2O, and [CuCl2(H2L5)]Cl·2DMF) were elucidated
by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The copper(II) complexes revealed
low micro- to sub-micromolar IC50 values with promising
selectivity toward human colon adenocarcinoma multidrug-resistant
Colo320 cancer cells as compared to the doxorubicin-sensitive Colo205
cell line. The lead compounds HL4 and 4 as well as HL8 and 8 induced apoptosis efficiently in Colo320 cells. In addition, the
copper(II) complexes had higher affinity to DNA than their metal-free
ligands. HL8 showed selective inhibition for
the PIM-1 enzyme, while 8 revealed strong inhibition
of five other enzymes, i.e., SGK-1, PKA, CaMK-1, GSK3β, and
MSK1, from a panel of 50 kinases. Furthermore, molecular modeling
of the ligands and complexes showed a good fit to the binding pockets
of these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wittmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse, 42, Vienna A1090, Austria
| | - Felix Bacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse, 42, Vienna A1090, Austria
| | - Eva A Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Dömötör
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged H-6725, Hungary
| | - Christian Madejski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse, 42, Vienna A1090, Austria
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hornbeam Building, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir B Arion
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse, 42, Vienna A1090, Austria
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Yeo M, Chen Y, Jiang C, Chen G, Wang K, Chandra S, Bortsov A, Lioudyno M, Zeng Q, Wang P, Wang Z, Busciglio J, Ji RR, Liedtke W. Repurposing cancer drugs identifies kenpaullone which ameliorates pathologic pain in preclinical models via normalization of inhibitory neurotransmission. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6208. [PMID: 34707084 PMCID: PMC8551327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory GABA-ergic neurotransmission is fundamental for the adult vertebrate central nervous system and requires low chloride concentration in neurons, maintained by KCC2, a neuroprotective ion transporter that extrudes intracellular neuronal chloride. To identify Kcc2 gene expression‑enhancing compounds, we screened 1057 cell growth-regulating compounds in cultured primary cortical neurons. We identified kenpaullone (KP), which enhanced Kcc2/KCC2 expression and function in cultured rodent and human neurons by inhibiting GSK3ß. KP effectively reduced pathologic pain-like behavior in mouse models of nerve injury and bone cancer. In a nerve-injury pain model, KP restored Kcc2 expression and GABA-evoked chloride reversal potential in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Delta-catenin, a phosphorylation-target of GSK3ß in neurons, activated the Kcc2 promoter via KAISO transcription factor. Transient spinal over-expression of delta-catenin mimicked KP analgesia. Our findings of a newly repurposed compound and a novel, genetically-encoded mechanism that each enhance Kcc2 gene expression enable us to re-normalize disrupted inhibitory neurotransmission through genetic re-programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Yeo
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Changyu Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology (Center for Translational Pain Medicine), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology (Center for Translational Pain Medicine), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology (Center for Translational Pain Medicine), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sharat Chandra
- Department of Anesthesiology (Center for Translational Pain Medicine), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrey Bortsov
- Department of Anesthesiology (Center for Translational Pain Medicine), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maria Lioudyno
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology (Center for Translational Pain Medicine), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jorge Busciglio
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology (Center for Translational Pain Medicine), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Wolfgang Liedtke
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology (Center for Translational Pain Medicine), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Neurology Clinics for Headache, Head-Pain and Trigeminal Sensory Disorders, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Anesthesiology Clinics for Innovative Pain Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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10
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Design concepts of half-sandwich organoruthenium anticancer agents based on bidentate bioactive ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Efstathiou A, Smirlis D. Leishmania Protein Kinases: Important Regulators of the Parasite Life Cycle and Molecular Targets for Treating Leishmaniasis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040691. [PMID: 33801655 PMCID: PMC8066228 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania is a protozoan parasite of the trypanosomatid family, causing a wide range of diseases with different clinical manifestations including cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. According to WHO, one billion people are at risk of Leishmania infection as they live in endemic areas while there are 12 million infected people worldwide. Annually, 0.9-1.6 million new infections are reported and 20-50 thousand deaths occur due to Leishmania infection. As current chemotherapy for treating leishmaniasis exhibits numerous drawbacks and due to the lack of effective human vaccine, there is an urgent need to develop new antileishmanial therapy treatment. To this end, eukaryotic protein kinases can be ideal target candidates for rational drug design against leishmaniasis. Eukaryotic protein kinases mediate signal transduction through protein phosphorylation and their inhibition is anticipated to be disease modifying as they regulate all essential processes for Leishmania viability and completion of the parasitic life cycle including cell-cycle progression, differentiation and virulence. This review highlights existing knowledge concerning the exploitation of Leishmania protein kinases as molecular targets to treat leishmaniasis and the current knowledge of their role in the biology of Leishmania spp. and in the regulation of signalling events that promote parasite survival in the insect vector or the mammalian host.
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Kadagathur M, Patra S, Sigalapalli DK, Shankaraiah N, Tangellamudi ND. Syntheses and medicinal chemistry of azepinoindolones: a look back to leap forward. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:738-764. [PMID: 33459333 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02181d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds constitute nearly 75% of small molecules which favorably act as drug candidates. For the past few decades, numerous natural and synthetic indole-based scaffolds have been reported for their diverse pharmacological profiles. In particular, indole-fused azepines, termed azepinoindolones, have come under the radar of medicinal chemists owing to their synthetic and pharmacological importance. A plethora of literature reports has been generated thereof, which calls for the need for the compilation of information to understand their current status in drug discovery. Accumulating reports of evidence suggest that compounds containing this privileged scaffold display their cytotoxic effects via inhibition of kinase, topoisomerase I, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mMDH), and tubulin polymerization and as DNA minor groove binding agents. Herein, we endeavor to present a closer look at the advancements of various synthetic and derivatization methods of azepinoindolone-based compounds. We have further extended our efforts to discuss the pharmacological effects of azepinoindolones in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anti-Alzheimer, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, and antipyranosomal agents and as drug delivery vectors. Our analysis of recent advances reveals that azepinoindolones will continue to serve as potential pharmaceutical modalities in the years to come and their substantial pool of synthetic methods will be ever expanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Kadagathur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Sandip Patra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Dilep Kumar Sigalapalli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Neelima D Tangellamudi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
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Velásquez CA, Torres AE, Gómez-Pech C, Ávila-Zárraga JG, Colmenares F. Role of the base Cs 2CO 3 on the palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of two bromoindole derivatives to yield paullone-type products. J Mol Model 2021; 27:9. [PMID: 33392849 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactions for the palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of the o-bromoindole and the o-bromo-N-methyl-indole derivatives in the presence and absence of base (Cs2CO3) were explored through DFT calculations. For the base-free reactions, the palladium atom firstly interacts with the aromatic rings of the indole molecule to yield a stable adduct. Once this adduct has been formed, reaction proceeds readily to the oxidative addition intermediate that arises from the insertion of the metal atom into the C-Br bond of the organic fragment. Further steps leading to the paullone (or dimethyl paullone) product, mainly those involving the metalation and deprotonation of the inserted intermediate, are not energetically viable for these reactions. When the effect of the base on the metalation-deprotonation steps is modeled by replacing the bromide ion with CO32- in the metal-inserted structure, a feasible pathway connecting the oxidative addition intermediate with the paullone-type product was located for each of the investigated reactions. The results emerging from this study suggest that palladium can insert into the C-Br bond of the indole derivatives to yield the oxidative addition intermediate (without participation of the base). However, the metalation and deprotonation steps that evolve to the paullone-type product take place via a concerted action involving both the metal and the base. Metalation and deprotonation steps that evolve to the paullone-type product take place via a concerted action involving both the metal and the base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Velásquez
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana E Torres
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Gómez-Pech
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Gustavo Ávila-Zárraga
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Fernando Colmenares
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico.
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14
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Le ST, Morris MA, Cardone A, Guros NB, Klauda JB, Sperling BA, Richter CA, Pant HC, Balijepalli A. Rapid, quantitative therapeutic screening for Alzheimer's enzymes enabled by optimal signal transduction with transistors. Analyst 2020; 145:2925-2936. [PMID: 32159165 PMCID: PMC7443690 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01804b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We show that commercially sourced n-channel silicon field-effect transistors (nFETs) operating above their threshold voltage with closed loop feedback to maintain a constant channel current allow a pH readout resolution of (7.2 ± 0.3) × 10-3 at a bandwidth of 10 Hz, or ≈3-fold better than the open loop operation commonly employed by integrated ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs). We leveraged the improved nFET performance to measure the change in solution pH arising from the activity of a pathological form of the kinase Cdk5, an enzyme implicated in Alzheimer's disease, and showed quantitative agreement with previous measurements. The improved pH resolution was realized while the devices were operated in a remote sensing configuration with the pH sensing element off-chip and connected electrically to the FET gate terminal. We compared these results with those measured by using a custom-built dual-gate 2D field-effect transistor (dg2DFET) fabricated with 2D semi-conducting MoS2 channels and a signal amplification of 8. Under identical solution conditions the nFET performance approached the dg2DFETs pH resolution of (3.9 ± 0.7) × 10-3. Finally, using the nFETs, we demonstrated the effectiveness of a custom polypeptide, p5, as a therapeutic agent in restoring the function of Cdk5. We expect that the straight-forward modifications to commercially sourced nFETs demonstrated here will lower the barrier to widespread adoption of these remote-gate devices and enable sensitive bioanalytical measurements for high throughput screening in drug discovery and precision medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son T. Le
- Alternative Computing Group, Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Michelle A. Morris
- Biophysics Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Antonio Cardone
- Information Systems Group, Software and Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Nicholas B. Guros
- Biophysics Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jeffery B. Klauda
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Brent A. Sperling
- Chemical Process and Nuclear Measurements Group, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Curt A. Richter
- Alternative Computing Group, Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Harish C. Pant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arvind Balijepalli
- Biophysics Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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15
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McClure RA, Williams JD. Impact of Mass Spectrometry-Based Technologies and Strategies on Chemoproteomics as a Tool for Drug Discovery. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:785-791. [PMID: 30128068 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoproteomics is an invaluable tool to discover protein targets from phenotypic assays and to understand on- and off-target engagement of potential therapeutic compounds. Highlighted in this technology perspective is our view on how improvements in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics technology have dramatically impacted chemoproteomics. Improvements in sample preparation, MS instrumentation, data acquisition, and quantification strategies have enabled medicinal chemists, chemical biologists, and mass spectrometrists to develop new chemoproteomic experiments and improve existing methods. As a result of improvements in MS, we will detail how bead-based affinity capture and activity-based proteome profiling methods have been reduced from multiple LC-MS runs for samples and controls down to a single LC-MS run each for sample and control. With improvements in scan duty cycle and sensitivity, sufficient depth of proteome coverage can be obtained for capture-free methods, which do not utilize an enrichment step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. McClure
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jon D. Williams
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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16
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Yépes AF, Bahsas A, Escobar P, Cobo J, Palma A, Garro Martinez JC, Enriz R. Synthesis, anti-parasitic activity and QSAR study of a new library of polysubstituted tetrahydronaphtho[1,2-b]azepines. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Aksenov AV, Aksenov DA, Griaznov GD, Aksenov NA, Voskressensky LG, Rubin M. Unexpected cyclization of 2-(2-aminophenyl)indoles with nitroalkenes to furnish indolo[3,2-c]quinolines. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4325-4332. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00588e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthetic route to the indoloquinoline core of the alkaloid isocryptolepine involving an unprecedented PPA-mediated reaction of 2-(2-aminophenyl)indenes with nitroalkenes is discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry
- North Caucasus Federal University
- Stavropol 355009
- Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii A. Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry
- North Caucasus Federal University
- Stavropol 355009
- Russian Federation
| | - Georgii D. Griaznov
- Department of Chemistry
- North Caucasus Federal University
- Stavropol 355009
- Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Nicolai A. Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry
- North Caucasus Federal University
- Stavropol 355009
- Russian Federation
| | | | - Michael Rubin
- Department of Chemistry
- North Caucasus Federal University
- Stavropol 355009
- Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry
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18
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Singh AK, Raj V, Saha S. Indole-fused azepines and analogues as anticancer lead molecules: Privileged findings and future directions. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:244-265. [PMID: 28803677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The search for new lead compounds of simple structure, displaying highest quality anti-tumor potency with new mechanisms of action and least adverse effects is the major intention of cancer drug discovery now a days. For the time being, indole-fused azepines emerged as a simple class of compounds prolifically designed with strong pharmacological significances in particular of cancer protecting ability. In the recent years from the efforts of our research group, indole-fused heteroazepines, a simple structural class achieved by fusion of indole with oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen containing heteroazepine rings, have known for its superior outcomes in cancer treatment. Surprisingly, the chemistry and biology of these unique families with an amazing role in cancer drug discovery has remained broadly unexplored. This short review is consequently an endeavor to highlight the preliminary ideas over this structural class and to draw the medical attention towards future development of indole-fused azepines and analogues for their promising function in cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Vinit Raj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India.
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19
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Ji YB, Zhuang PP, Ji Z, Huang KB, Gu Y, Wu YM, Pan SY, Hu YF. TFP5 is comparable to mild hypothermia in improving neurological outcomes in early-stage ischemic stroke of adult rats. Neuroscience 2017; 343:337-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Ji YB, Zhuang PP, Ji Z, Wu YM, Gu Y, Gao XY, Pan SY, Hu YF. TFP5 peptide, derived from CDK5-activating cofactor p35, provides neuroprotection in early-stage of adult ischemic stroke. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40013. [PMID: 28045138 PMCID: PMC5206714 DOI: 10.1038/srep40013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a multifaceted protein shown to play important roles in the central nervous system. Abundant evidence indicates that CDK5 hyperactivities associated with neuronal apoptosis and death following ischemic stroke. CDK5 activity increases when its cofactor p35 cleaves into p25 during ischemia. Theoretically, inhibition of CDK5/p25 activity or reduction of p25 would be neuroprotective. TFP5, a modified 24-aa peptide (Lys254-Ala277) derived from p35, was found to effectively inhibit CDK5 hyperactivity and improve the outcomes of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease in vivo. Here, we showed that intraperitoneal injection of TFP5 significantly decreased the size of ischemia in early-stage of adult ischemic stroke rats. Relative to controls, rats treated with TFP5 displayed reduced excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, astrocytes damage, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Our findings suggested that TFP5 might serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for acute adult ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Bin Ji
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Pei Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ming Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Gao
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Yue Pan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Fang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Masserdotti G, Gascón S, Götz M. Direct neuronal reprogramming: learning from and for development. Development 2016; 143:2494-510. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.092163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The key signalling pathways and transcriptional programmes that instruct neuronal diversity during development have largely been identified. In this Review, we discuss how this knowledge has been used to successfully reprogramme various cell types into an amazing array of distinct types of functional neurons. We further discuss the extent to which direct neuronal reprogramming recapitulates embryonic development, and examine the particular barriers to reprogramming that may exist given a cell's unique developmental history. We conclude with a recently proposed model for cell specification called the ‘Cook Islands’ model, and consider whether it is a fitting model for cell specification based on recent results from the direct reprogramming field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Masserdotti
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg/Munich D-85764, Germany
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Großhadernerstrasse 9, Martinsried 82154, Germany
| | - Sergio Gascón
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg/Munich D-85764, Germany
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Großhadernerstrasse 9, Martinsried 82154, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg/Munich D-85764, Germany
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Großhadernerstrasse 9, Martinsried 82154, Germany
- Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Großhadernerstrasse 9, Martinsried 82154, Germany
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22
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Cardone A, Brady M, Sriram R, Pant HC, Hassan SA. Computational study of the inhibitory mechanism of the kinase CDK5 hyperactivity by peptide p5 and derivation of a pharmacophore. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2016; 30:513-21. [PMID: 27387995 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-016-9922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The hyperactivity of the cyclic dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) induced by the activator protein p25 has been linked to a number of pathologies of the brain. The CDK5-p25 complex has thus emerged as a major therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. Experiments have shown that the peptide p5 reduces the CDK5-p25 activity without affecting the endogenous CDK5-p35 activity, whereas the peptide TFP5, obtained from p5, elicits similar inhibition, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and exhibits behavioral rescue of AD mice models with no toxic side effects. The molecular basis of the kinase inhibition is not currently known, and is here investigated by computer simulations. It is shown that p5 binds the kinase at the same CDK5/p25 and CDK5/p35 interfaces, and is thus a non-selective competitor of both activators, in agreement with available experimental data in vitro. Binding of p5 is enthalpically driven with an affinity estimated in the low µM range. A quantitative description of the binding site and pharmacophore is presented, and options are discussed to increase the binding affinity and selectivity in the design of drug-like compounds against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cardone
- Software and System Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
- Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - M Brady
- Software and System Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - R Sriram
- Software and System Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - H C Pant
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - S A Hassan
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Division of Computational Bioscience, CIT, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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23
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Sangshetti JN, Kalam Khan FA, Kulkarni AA, Arote R, Patil RH. Antileishmanial drug discovery: comprehensive review of the last 10 years. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02669e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers the current aspects of leishmaniasis including marketed drugs, new antileishmanial agents, and possible drug targets of antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rohidas Arote
- Department of Molecular Genetics
- School of Dentistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Rajendra H. Patil
- Department of Biotechnology
- Savitribai Phule Pune University
- Pune 411007
- India
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24
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Delorme V, Raux B, Puppo R, Leclaire J, Cavalier JF, Marc S, Kamarajugadda PK, Buono G, Fotiadu F, Canaan S, Carrière F. Supported inhibitor for fishing lipases in complex biological media and mass spectrometry identification. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt A:124-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Dorosti Z, Yousefi M, Sharafi SM, Darani HY. Mutual action of anticancer and antiparasitic drugs: are there any shared targets? Future Oncol 2014; 10:2529-39. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Parasites and cancers have some common features. It has been shown that some parasites interfere with tumor growth. In addition, they both have common antigens such as the Tn antigen. A communal action of anticancer and antiparasitic drugs has been reported. This shared action may be related to common targets for these drugs in cancers and parasites. In this paper, mutual action of anticancer and antiparasitic drugs, with the aim of discussing shared targets of these drugs, has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dorosti
- Department of Parasitology & Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Sharafi
- Infectious Diseases & Tropical medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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26
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Hussain H, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Green IR, Gibbons S. Fruitful decade for antileishmanial compounds from 2002 to late 2011. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10369-428. [PMID: 25253511 DOI: 10.1021/cr400552x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa , P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
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27
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Blanco MC, Escobar P, Leal SM, Bahsas A, Cobo J, Nogueras M, Palma A. Synthesis of novel polysubstituted (2SR,4RS)-2-heteroaryltetrahydro-1,4-epoxy-1-benzazepines and cis-2-heteroaryl-4-hydroxytetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepines as antiparasitic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:291-309. [PMID: 25173828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
New series of polysubstituted (2SR,4RS)-2-heteroaryltetrahydro-1,4-epoxy-1-benzazepines and cis-2-heteroaryl-4-hydroxytetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepines were designed and synthesized in moderate to high yields using a three-step procedure from ortho-allylanilines. Their antiparasitic activity was evaluated against the extracellular and intracellular forms of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum parasites. Their cytotoxicity was also determined on Vero and THP-1 mammalian cells. Many of the tested compounds inhibited significantly the growth of extracellular forms of T. cruzi and L. (L.) infantum without showing cytotoxicity on Vero and HTP-1 cells. Only compounds 10h and 14f demonstrated good activity against amastigotes of T. cruzi, but none was able to inhibit the growth of L. (L.) infantum amastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Blanco
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A.A. 678, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Patricia Escobar
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A.A. 678, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Sandra M Leal
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A.A. 678, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Alí Bahsas
- Laboratorio de RMN, Grupo de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Justo Cobo
- Inorganic and Organic Department, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Manuel Nogueras
- Inorganic and Organic Department, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Alirio Palma
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A.A. 678, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.
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28
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Freije JR, Bischoff R. The use of affinity sorbents in targeted proteomics. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2014; 3:5-11. [PMID: 24980096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of most proteomes is too high to obtain a truly comprehensive view of all expressed proteins by any of the current technologies. Prefractionation techniques are thus necessary to dig deeper into the low-abundance region of the proteome. Progress in the application of affinity sorbents to focus on particular protein classes of low abundance, while at the same time adding understanding about their function through the way they interact with the affinity ligands, will be described.:
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robert Freije
- Analytical Biochemistry, Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Analytical Biochemistry, Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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29
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Filak LK, Kalinowski DS, Bauer TJ, Richardson DR, Arion VB. Effect of the piperazine unit and metal-binding site position on the solubility and anti-proliferative activity of ruthenium(II)- and osmium(II)- arene complexes of isomeric indolo[3,2-c]quinoline-piperazine hybrids. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:6934-43. [PMID: 24927493 PMCID: PMC4087041 DOI: 10.1021/ic500825j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In this study, the indoloquinoline
backbone and piperazine were combined to prepare indoloquinoline–piperazine
hybrids and their ruthenium- and osmium-arene complexes in an effort
to generate novel antitumor agents with improved aqueous solubility.
In addition, the position of the metal-binding unit was varied, and
the effect of these structural alterations on the aqueous solubility
and antiproliferative activity of their ruthenium- and osmium-arene
complexes was studied. The indoloquinoline–piperazine hybrids
L1–3 were prepared in situ and
isolated as six ruthenium and osmium complexes [(η6-p-cymene)M(L1–3)Cl]Cl, where
L1 = 6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-N-(pyridin-2-yl-methylene)-11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinolin-2-N-amine, M = Ru ([1a]Cl), Os ([1b]Cl), L2 = 6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-N-(pyridin-2-yl-methylene)-11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinolin-4-N-amine, M = Ru ([2a]Cl), Os ([2b]Cl), L3 = 6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-N-(pyridin-2-yl-methylene)-11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinolin-8-N-amine, M = Ru ([3a]Cl), Os ([3b]Cl). The
compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, one- and two-dimensional
NMR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry, IR and UV–vis spectroscopy,
and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The antiproliferative activity
of the isomeric ruthenium and osmium complexes [1a,b]Cl–[3a,b]Cl was examined in
vitro and showed the importance of the position of the metal-binding
site for their cytotoxicity. Those complexes containing the metal-binding
site located at the position 4 of the indoloquinoline scaffold ([2a]Cl and [2b]Cl) demonstrated the most potent
antiproliferative activity. The results provide important insight
into the structure–activity relationships of ruthenium- and
osmium-arene complexes with indoloquinoline–piperazine hybrid
ligands. These studies can be further utilized for the design and
development of more potent chemotherapeutic agents. Three different structural isomers of the indoloquinoline−piperazine
hybrid were prepared in situ and isolated as ruthenium-
and osmium-arene complexes. The effect of the piperazine unit and
metal-binding site position on the aqueous solubility and antiproliferative
activity of the metal complexes was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas K Filak
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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30
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Imidazopyridine-fused [1,3]-diazepinones: Synthesis and antiproliferative activity. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 75:382-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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31
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Jung DW, Kim WH, Williams DR. Reprogram or reboot: small molecule approaches for the production of induced pluripotent stem cells and direct cell reprogramming. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:80-95. [PMID: 24245936 DOI: 10.1021/cb400754f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a potential therapy for regenerative medicine, which aims to restore tissues damaged by trauma, aging, and diseases. Since its conception in the late 1990s, chemical biology has provided powerful and diverse small molecule tools for modulating stem cell function. Embryonic stem cells could be an ideal source for transplantation, but ethical concerns restrict their development for cell therapy. The seminal advance of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology provided an attractive alternative to human embryonic stem cells. However, iPSCs are not yet considered an ideal stem cell source, due to limitations associated with the reprogramming process and their potential tumorigenic behavior. This is an area of research where chemical biology has made a significant contribution to facilitate the efficient production of high quality iPSCs and elucidate the biological mechanisms governing their phenotype. In this review, we summarize these advances and discuss the latest progress in developing small molecule modulators. Moreover, we also review a new trend in stem cell research, which is the direct reprogramming of readily accessible cell types into clinically useful cells, such as neurons and cardiac cells. This is a research area where chemical biology is making a pivotal contribution and illustrates the many advantages of using small molecules in stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Woon Jung
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Hee Kim
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Darren Reece Williams
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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32
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Valsasina B, Kalisz HM, Isacchi A. Kinase selectivity profiling by inhibitor affinity chromatography. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 1:303-15. [PMID: 15966827 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.1.3.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As new drugs rapidly advance into clinical trials, comprehensive identification of their intracellular targets becomes fundamental for the full understanding of the molecular basis of their efficacy and toxicity. This is particularly important when the targets belong to a large family and the inhibitors recognize a conserved site among different members of the class. A typical example is the kinase family, where efforts are aimed at the development of inhibitors of distinct kinases for therapeutic applications in oncology, inflammation and other disease areas. In this case, inhibitors targeting the ATP pocket may cross react with different kinases, as well as with other proteins that bind ATP. This review critically discusses the available approaches for kinase selectivity profiling. It also reviews some examples of inhibitor affinity chromatography applied to inhibitors of kinases and other protein families as a tool to identify and characterize their intracellular targets.
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CDK/CK1 inhibitors roscovitine and CR8 downregulate amplified MYCN in neuroblastoma cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:5675-87. [PMID: 24317512 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To understand the mechanisms of action of (R)-roscovitine and (S)-CR8, two related pharmacological inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), we applied a variety of '-omics' techniques to the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and IMR32 cell lines: (1) kinase interaction assays, (2) affinity competition on immobilized broad-spectrum kinase inhibitors, (3) affinity chromatography on immobilized (R)-roscovitine and (S)-CR8, (4) whole genome transcriptomics analysis and specific quantitative PCR studies, (5) global quantitative proteomics approach and western blot analysis of selected proteins. Altogether, the results show that the major direct targets of these two molecules belong to the CDKs (1,2,5,7,9,12), DYRKs, CLKs and CK1s families. By inhibiting CDK7, CDK9 and CDK12, these inhibitors transiently reduce RNA polymerase 2 activity, which results in downregulation of a large set of genes. Global transcriptomics and proteomics analysis converge to a central role of MYC transcription factors downregulation. Indeed, CDK inhibitors trigger rapid and massive downregulation of MYCN expression in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells as well as in nude mice xenografted IMR32 cells. Inhibition of casein kinase 1 may also contribute to the antitumoral activity of (R)-roscovitine and (S)-CR8. This dual mechanism of action may be crucial in the use of these kinase inhibitors for the treatment of MYC-dependent cancers, in particular neuroblastoma where MYCN amplification is a strong predictor factor for high-risk disease.
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Dan-Goor M, Nasereddin A, Jaber H, Jaffe CL. Identification of a secreted casein kinase 1 in Leishmania donovani: effect of protein over expression on parasite growth and virulence. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79287. [PMID: 24260187 PMCID: PMC3829951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 1 (CK1) plays an important role in eukaryotic signaling pathways, and their substrates include key regulatory proteins involved in cell differentiation, proliferation and chromosome segregation. The Leishmania genome encodes six potential CK1 isoforms, of which five have orthologs in other trypanosomatidae. Leishmania donovani CK1 isoform 4 (Ldck1.4, orthologous to LmjF27.1780) is unique to Leishmania and contains a putative secretion signal peptide. The full-length gene and three shorter constructs were cloned and expressed in E. coli as His-tag proteins. Only the full-length 62.3 kDa protein showed protein kinase activity indicating that the N-terminal and C-terminal domains are essential for protein activity. LdCK1.4-FLAG was stably over expressed in L. donovani, and shown by immunofluorescence to be localized primarily in the cytosol. Western blotting using anti-FLAG and anti-CK1.4 antibodies showed that this CK1 isoform is expressed and secreted by promastigotes. Over expression of LdCK1.4 had a significant effect on promastigote growth in culture with these parasites growing to higher cell densities than the control parasites (wild-type or Ld:luciferase, P<0.001). Analysis by flow cytometry showed a higher percentage, ∼4-5-fold, of virulent metacyclic promastigotes on day 3 among the LdCK1.4 parasites. Finally, parasites over expressing LdCK1.4 gave significantly higher infections of mouse peritoneal macrophages compared to wild-type parasites, 28.6% versus 6.3%, respectively (p = 0.0005). These results suggest that LdCK1.4 plays an important role in parasite survival and virulence. Further studies are needed to validate CK1.4 as a therapeutic target in Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Dan-Goor
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, National Center for Leishmaniasis, IMRIC, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abedelmajeed Nasereddin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, National Center for Leishmaniasis, IMRIC, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hanan Jaber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, National Center for Leishmaniasis, IMRIC, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Charles L. Jaffe
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, National Center for Leishmaniasis, IMRIC, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Burgy G, Tahtouh T, Durieu E, Foll-Josselin B, Limanton E, Meijer L, Carreaux F, Bazureau JP. Chemical synthesis and biological validation of immobilized protein kinase inhibitory Leucettines. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:728-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
Recent advances in proteomics have facilitated the analysis of the kinome 'en masse'. What these studies have revealed is a surprisingly dynamic network of kinase responses to highly selective kinase inhibitors, thereby illustrating the complex biological responses to these small molecules. Moreover these studies have identified key transcription factors, such as c-Myc and FOXO (forkhead box O), that play pivotal roles in kinome reprogramming in cancer cells. Since many kinase inhibitors fail despite a high efficacy of blocking their intended targets, elucidating kinome changes at a more global level will be essential to understanding the mechanisms of kinase inhibitor pharmacology. The development of technologies to study the kinome, as well as examples of kinome resilience and reprogramming, will be discussed in the present review.
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Filak LK, Göschl S, Heffeter P, Ghannadzadeh Samper K, Egger AE, Jakupec MA, Keppler BK, Berger W, Arion VB. Metal-Arene Complexes with Indolo[3,2-c]-quinolines: Effects of Ruthenium vs Osmium and Modifications of the Lactam Unit on Intermolecular Interactions, Anticancer Activity, Cell Cycle, and Cellular Accumulation. Organometallics 2013; 32:903-914. [PMID: 23431223 PMCID: PMC3573711 DOI: 10.1021/om3012272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Six novel ruthenium(II)- and osmium(II)-arene complexes with three modified indolo[3,2-c]quinolines have been synthesized in situ starting from 2-aminoindoloquinolines and 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde in the presence of [M(p-cymene)Cl(2)](2) (M = Ru, Os) in ethanol. All complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic techniques ((1)H, (13)C NMR, IR, UV-vis), and ESI mass spectrometry, while four complexes were investigated by X-ray diffraction. The complexes have been tested for antiproliferative activity in vitro in A549 (non-small cell lung), SW480 (colon), and CH1 (ovarian) human cancer cell lines and showed IC(50) values between 1.3 and >80 μM. The effects of Ru vs Os and modifications of the lactam unit on intermolecular interactions, antiproliferative activity, and cell cycle are reported. One ruthenium complex and its osmium analogue have been studied for anticancer activity in vivo applied both intraperitoneally and orally against the murine colon carcinoma model CT-26. Interestingly, the osmium(II) complex displayed significant growth-inhibitory activity in contrast to its ruthenium counterpart, providing stimuli for further investigation of this class of compounds as potential antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas K Filak
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Filak LK, Göschl S, Hackl S, Jakupec MA, Arion VB. Ruthenium- and osmium-arene complexes of 8-substituted indolo[3,2- c]quinolines: Synthesis, X-ray diffraction structures, spectroscopic properties, and antiproliferative activity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012; 393:252-260. [PMID: 23471093 PMCID: PMC3587412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Six novel ruthenium(II)- and osmium(II)-arene complexes with indoloquinoline modified ligands containing methyl and halo substituents in position 8 of the molecule backbone have been synthesised and comprehensively characterised by spectroscopic methods (1H, 13C NMR, UV-Vis), ESI mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. Binding of indoloquinolines to a metal-arene scaffold makes the products soluble enough in biological media to allow for assaying their antiproliferative activity. The complexes were tested in three human cancer cell lines, namely A549 (non-small cell lung cancer), SW480 (colon carcinoma) and CH1 (ovarian carcinoma), yielding IC50 values in the 10-6-10-7 M concentration range after continuous exposure for 96 h. Compounds with halo substituents in position 8 are more effective cytotoxic agents in vitro than the previously reported species halogenated in position 2 of the indoloquinoline backbone. High antiproliferative activity of both series of substances may be due at least in part to their potential to act as DNA intercalators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vladimir B. Arion
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Tahtouh T, Elkins JM, Filippakopoulos P, Soundararajan M, Burgy G, Durieu E, Cochet C, Schmid RS, Lo DC, Delhommel F, Oberholzer AE, Pearl LH, Carreaux F, Bazureau JP, Knapp S, Meijer L. Selectivity, cocrystal structures, and neuroprotective properties of leucettines, a family of protein kinase inhibitors derived from the marine sponge alkaloid leucettamine B. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9312-30. [PMID: 22998443 DOI: 10.1021/jm301034u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DYRKs (dual specificity, tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinases) and CLKs (cdc2-like kinases) are implicated in the onset and development of Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. The marine sponge alkaloid leucettamine B was recently identified as an inhibitor of DYRKs/CLKs. Synthesis of analogues (leucettines) led to an optimized product, leucettine L41. Leucettines were cocrystallized with DYRK1A, DYRK2, CLK3, PIM1, and GSK-3β. The selectivity of L41 was studied by activity and interaction assays of recombinant kinases and affinity chromatography and competition affinity assays. These approaches revealed unexpected potential secondary targets such as CK2, SLK, and the lipid kinase PIKfyve/Vac14/Fig4. L41 displayed neuroprotective effects on glutamate-induced HT22 cell death. L41 also reduced amyloid precursor protein-induced cell death in cultured rat brain slices. The unusual multitarget selectivity of leucettines may account for their neuroprotective effects. This family of kinase inhibitors deserves further optimization as potential therapeutics against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Tahtouh
- CNRS, "Protein Phosphorylation & Human Disease" Group, Station Biologique, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
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Shukla V, Skuntz S, Pant HC. Deregulated Cdk5 activity is involved in inducing Alzheimer's disease. Arch Med Res 2012; 43:655-62. [PMID: 23142263 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most devastating chronic neurodegenerative disease in adults, causes dementia and eventually, death of the affected individuals. Clinically, AD is characterized as late-onset, age-dependent cognitive decline due to loss of neurons in cortex and hippocampus. The pathologic corollary of these symptoms is the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Senile plaques are formed due to accumulation of oligomeric amyloid beta (Aβ) forming plaques. This occurs due to the amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by various secretases. On the other hand, neurofibrillary tangles are formed due to hyperphosphorylation of cytoskeleton proteins like tau and neurofilament. Both are hyperphosphorylated by cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (Cdk5) and are part of the paired helical filament (PHF), an integral part of neurofibrillary tangles. Unlike other cyclin-dependent kinases, Cdk5 plays a very important role in the neuronal development. Cdk5 gets activated by its neuronal activators p35 and p39. Upon stress, p35 and p39 are cleaved by calpain resulting in truncated products as p25 and p29. Association of Cdk5/p25 is longer and uncontrolled causing aberrant hyperphosphorylation of various substrates of Cdk5 like APP, tau and neurofilament, leading to neurodegenerative pathology like AD. Additionally recent evidence has shown increased levels of p25, Aβ, hyperactivity of Cdk5, phosphorylated tau and neurofilament in human AD brains. This review briefly describes the above-mentioned aspects of involvement of Cdk5 in the pathology of AD and at the end summarizes the advances in Cdk5 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Shukla
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Shukla V, Zheng YL, Mishra SK, Amin ND, Steiner J, Grant P, Kesavapany S, Pant HC. A truncated peptide from p35, a Cdk5 activator, prevents Alzheimer's disease phenotypes in model mice. FASEB J 2012; 27:174-86. [PMID: 23038754 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-217497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the leading neurodegenerative disorders of older adults, which causes major socioeconomic burdens globally, lacks effective therapeutics without significant side effects. Besides the hallmark pathology of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), it has been reported that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a critical neuronal kinase, is hyperactivated in AD brains and is, in part, responsible for the above pathology. Here we show that a modified truncated 24-aa peptide (TFP5), derived from the Cdk5 activator p35, penetrates the blood-brain barrier after intraperitoneal injections, inhibits abnormal Cdk5 hyperactivity, and significantly rescues AD pathology (up to 70-80%) in 5XFAD AD model mice. The mutant mice, injected with TFP5 exhibit behavioral rescue, whereas no rescue was observed in mutant mice injected with either saline or scrambled peptide. However, TFP5 does not inhibit cell cycle Cdks or normal Cdk5/p35 activity, and thereby has no toxic side effects (even at 200 mg/kg), a common problem in most current therapeutics for AD. In addition, treated mice displayed decreased inflammation, amyloid plaques, NFTs, cell death, and an extended life by 2 mo. These results suggest TFP5 as a potential therapeutic, toxicity-free candidate for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Shukla
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Abstract
Traditionally, proteomics is the high-throughput characterization of the global complement of proteins in a biological system using cutting-edge technologies (robotics and mass spectrometry) and bioinformatics tools (Internet-based search engines and databases). As the field of proteomics has matured, a diverse range of strategies have evolved to answer specific problems. Chemical proteomics is one such direction that provides the means to enrich and detect less abundant proteins (the 'hidden' proteome) from complex mixtures of wide dynamic range (the 'deep' proteome). In pharmacology, chemical proteomics has been utilized to determine the specificity of drugs and their analogues, for anticipated known targets, only to discover other proteins that bind and could account for side effects observed in preclinical and clinical trials. As a consequence, chemical proteomics provides a valuable accessory in refinement of second- and third-generation drug design for treatment of many diseases. However, determining definitive affinity capture of proteins by a drug immobilized on soft gel chromatography matrices has highlighted some of the challenges that remain to be addressed. Examples of the different strategies that have emerged using well-established drugs against pharmaceutically important enzymes, such as protein kinases, metalloproteases, PDEs, cytochrome P450s, etc., indicate the potential opportunity to employ chemical proteomics as an early-stage screening approach in the identification of new targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris W Sutton
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Tumbling Hill Street, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK.
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Small-Molecule Inhibitors of GSK-3: Structural Insights and Their Application to Alzheimer's Disease Models. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:381029. [PMID: 22888461 PMCID: PMC3408674 DOI: 10.1155/2012/381029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The world health organization (WHO) estimated that 18 million people are struck by Alzheimer's disease (AD). The USA, France, Germany, and other countries launched major programmes targeting the identification of risk factors, the improvement of caretaking, and fundamental research aiming to postpone the onset of AD. The glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is implicated in multiple cellular processes and has been linked to the pathogenesis of several diseases including diabetes mellitus, cancer, and AD. Inhibition of GSK-3 leads to neuroprotective effects, decreased β-amyloid production, and a reduction in tau hyperphosphorylation, which are all associated with AD. Various classes of small molecule GSK-3 inhibitors have been published in patents and original publications. Herein, we present a comprehensive summary of small molecules reported to interact with GSK-3. We illustrate the interactions of the inhibitors with the active site. Furthermore, we refer to the biological characterisation in terms of activity and selectivity for GSK-3, elucidate in vivo studies and pre-/clinical trials.
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Biological activity of ruthenium and osmium arene complexes with modified paullones in human cancer cells. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 116:180-7. [PMID: 23037896 PMCID: PMC3492762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to combine the ability of indolobenzazepines (paullones) to inhibit cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and that of platinum-group metal ions to interact with proteins and DNA, ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) arene complexes with paullones were prepared, expecting synergies and an increase of solubility of paullones. Complexes with the general formula [MIICl(η6-p-cymene)L]Cl, where M = Ru (1, 3) or Os (2, 4), and L = L1 (1, 2) or L2 (3, 4), L1 = N-(9-bromo-7,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-d][1]-benzazepin-6(5H)-yliden-N′-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)azine and L2 = N-(9-bromo-7,12-dihydroindolo[3,2-d][1]benzazepin-6-yl)-N′-[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl-methylene]azinium chloride (L2*HCl), were now investigated regarding cytotoxicity and accumulation in cancer cells, impact on the cell cycle, capacity of inhibiting DNA synthesis and inducing apoptosis as well as their ability to inhibit Cdk activity. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay yielded IC50 values in the nanomolar to low micromolar range. In accordance with cytotoxicity data, the BrdU assay showed that 1 is the most and 4 the least effective of these compounds regarding inhibition of DNA synthesis. Effects on the cell cycle are minor, although concentration-dependent inhibition of Cdk2/cyclin E activity was observed in cell-free experiments. Induction of apoptosis is most pronounced for complex 1, accompanied by a low fraction of necrotic cells, as observed by annexin V–fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometric analysis.
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Chemical biology in stem cell research. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:281-97. [PMID: 22370782 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are offering a considerable range of prospects to the biomedical research including novel platforms for disease models and drug discovery tools to cell transplantation and regenerative therapies. However, there are several obstacles to overcome to bring these potentials into reality. First, robust methods to maintain stem cells in the pluripotent state should be established and factors that are required to direct stem cell fate into a particular lineage should be elucidated. Second, both allogeneic rejection following transplantation and limited cell availability issues must be circumvented. These challenges are being addressed, at least in part, through the identification of a group of chemicals (small molecules) that possess novel activities on stem cell biology. For example, small molecules can be used both in vitro and/or in vivo as tools to promote proliferation of stem cells (self-renewal), to direct stem cells to a lineage specific patterns (differentiation), or to reprogram somatic cells to a more undifferentiated state (de-differentiation or reprogramming). These molecules, in turn, have provided new insights into the signaling mechanisms that regulate stem cell biology, and may eventually lead to effective therapies in regenerative medicine. In this review, we will introduce recent findings with regards to small molecules and their impact on stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.
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Shi H, Zhang CJ, Chen GYJ, Yao SQ. Cell-based proteome profiling of potential dasatinib targets by use of affinity-based probes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:3001-14. [PMID: 22242683 DOI: 10.1021/ja208518u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) play an important role in the development and progression of cancer by regulating cell growth, survival, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Dasatinib (BMS-354825), a dual Src/Abl inhibitor, is a promising therapeutic agent with oral bioavailability. It has been used for the treatment of imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Most kinase inhibitors, including Dasatinib, inhibit multiple cellular targets and do not possess exquisite cellular specificity. Recent efforts in kinase research thus focus on the development of large-scale, proteome-wide chemical profiling methods capable of rapid identification of potential cellular (on- and off-) targets of kinase inhibitors. Most existing approaches, however, are still problematic and in many cases not compatible with live-cell studies. In this work, we have successfully developed a cell-permeable kinase probe (DA-2) capable of proteome-wide profiling of potential cellular targets of Dasatinib. In this way, highly regulated, compartmentalized kinase-drug interactions were maintained. By comparing results obtained from different proteomic setups (live cells, cell lysates, and immobilized affinity matrix), we found DA-2 was able to identify significantly more putative kinase targets. In addition to Abl and Src family tyrosine kinases, a number of previously unknown Dasatinib targets have been identified, including several serine/threonine kinases (PCTK3, STK25, eIF-2A, PIM-3, PKA C-α, and PKN2). They were further validated by pull-down/immunoblotting experiments as well as kinase inhibition assays. Further studies are needed to better understand the exact relevance of Dasatinib and its pharmacological effects in relation to these newly identified cellular targets. The approach developed herein should be amenable to the study of many of the existing reversible drugs/drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Shi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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Affinity purification of protein kinases that adopt a specific inactive conformation. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 928:143-51. [PMID: 22956139 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-008-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Several protein kinases have been characterized in a specific inactive form called the DFG-out conformation. Unlike the active conformation which is conserved in all kinases, the inactive DFG-out conformation appears to be accessible to only certain kinases. This inactive conformation has been successfully targeted with highly selective kinase inhibitors, including the cancer drugs imatinib and sorafenib. However, the structural and sequence requirements for adopting this conformation are still poorly understood. Here, we describe a general method for enriching DFG-out adopting kinases from cell lysates with an affinity resin that contains a general ligand that specifically recognizes this inactive form.
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MAOS and medicinal chemistry: some important examples from the last years. Molecules 2011; 16:9274-97. [PMID: 22064269 PMCID: PMC6264757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16119274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to highlight microwave-assisted organic synthesis as applied to medicinal chemistry in the last years, showing some reactions performed under microwave irradiation for the synthesis of distinct structurally molecules of biological interest, divided into the following groups: antineoplastics, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial agents, antivirals, agents for the treatment of neglected diseases and central nervous system-acting prototypes.
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Kaufmann L, Marinescu G, Nazarenko I, Thiele W, Oberle C, Sleeman J, Blattner C. LiCl induces TNF-α and FasL production, thereby stimulating apoptosis in cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2011; 9:15. [PMID: 21609428 PMCID: PMC3115922 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-9-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of cancer in patients with neurological diseases, who have been treated with LiCl, is below average. LiCl is a well-established inhibitor of Glycogen synthase kinase-3, a kinase that controls several cellular processes, among which is the degradation of the tumour suppressor protein p53. We therefore wondered whether LiCl induces p53-dependent cell death in cancer cell lines and experimental tumours. Results Here we show that LiCl induces apoptosis of tumour cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cell death was accompanied by cleavage of PARP and Caspases-3, -8 and -10. LiCl-induced cell death was not dependent on p53, but was augmented by its presence. Treatment of tumour cells with LiCl strongly increased TNF-α and FasL expression. Inhibition of TNF-α induction using siRNA or inhibition of FasL binding to its receptor by the Nok-1 antibody potently reduced LiCl-dependent cleavage of Caspase-3 and increased cell survival. Treatment of xenografted rats with LiCl strongly reduced tumour growth. Conclusions Induction of cell death by LiCl supports the notion that GSK-3 may represent a promising target for cancer therapy. LiCl-induced cell death is largely independent of p53 and mediated by the release of TNF-α and FasL. Key words: LiCl, TNF-α, FasL, apoptosis, GSK-3, FasL
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Kaufmann
- Karlsruher Institute of Technology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, PO-Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Gómez SL, Palma A, Cobo J, Glidewell C. (2R*,4S*)-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-4-ol: a three-dimensional framework built from O-H···N, C-H···O and C-H···π(arene) hydrogen bonds. Acta Crystallogr C 2011; 67:o157-60. [PMID: 21540540 DOI: 10.1107/s010827011101016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compound, C(15)H(16)N(2)O, crystallizes in the space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with Z' = 1. The seven-membered ring adopts a chair-type conformation with the hydroxy and pyridyl substituents in equatorial sites. Molecules are linked into a three-dimensional framework structure by a combination of O-H···N, C-H···O and C-H···π(arene) hydrogen bonds, but N-H···O and N-H···π(arene) interactions are absent from the structure. Comparisons are made with some related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Gómez
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, AA 678 Bucaramanga, Colombia
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