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Zheng Y, Deng W, Liu D, Li Y, Peng K, Lorimer GH, Wang J. Redox and spectroscopic properties of mammalian nitrite reductase-like hemoproteins. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 237:111982. [PMID: 36116154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Besides the canonical pathway of L-arginine oxidation to produce nitric oxide (NO) in vivo, the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway has been widely accepted as another source for circulating NO in mammals, especially under hypoxia. To date, there have been at least ten heme-containing nitrite reductase-like proteins discovered in mammals with activities mainly identified in vitro, including four globins (hemoglobin, myoglobin, neuroglobin (Ngb), cytoglobin (Cygb)), three mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes (cytochrome c oxidase, cytochrome bc1, cytochrome c), and three other heme proteins (endothelial nitric oxide synthase, cytochrome P450 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)). The pathophysiological functions of these proteins are closely related to their redox and spectroscopic properties, as well as their protein structure, although the physiological roles of Ngb, Cygb and IDO1 remain unclear. So far, comprehensive summaries of the redox and spectroscopic properties of these nitrite reductase-like hemoproteins are still lacking. In this review, we have mainly summarized the published data on the application of ultraviolet-visible, electron paramagnetic resonance, circular dichroism and resonance Raman spectroscopies, and X-ray crystallography in studying nitrite reductase-like activity of these 10 proteins, in order to sort out the relationships among enzymatic function, structure and spectroscopic characterization, which might help in understanding their roles in redox biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zheng
- Hubei University of Technology Autism & Depression Diagnosis and Intervention Institute, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; International Joint Research Center for General Health, Precision Medicine & Nutrition, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Hubei University of Technology Autism & Depression Diagnosis and Intervention Institute, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; International Joint Research Center for General Health, Precision Medicine & Nutrition, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Di Liu
- Hubei University of Technology Autism & Depression Diagnosis and Intervention Institute, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; International Joint Research Center for General Health, Precision Medicine & Nutrition, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youheng Li
- Hubei University of Technology Autism & Depression Diagnosis and Intervention Institute, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; International Joint Research Center for General Health, Precision Medicine & Nutrition, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kang Peng
- Hubei University of Technology Autism & Depression Diagnosis and Intervention Institute, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; International Joint Research Center for General Health, Precision Medicine & Nutrition, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Jun Wang
- Hubei University of Technology Autism & Depression Diagnosis and Intervention Institute, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; International Joint Research Center for General Health, Precision Medicine & Nutrition, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Su H, Liu X, Du J, Deng X, Fan Y. The role of hemoglobin in nitric oxide transport in vascular system. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2020.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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3
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Nader E, Grau M, Fort R, Collins B, Cannas G, Gauthier A, Walpurgis K, Martin C, Bloch W, Poutrel S, Hot A, Renoux C, Thevis M, Joly P, Romana M, Guillot N, Connes P. Hydroxyurea therapy modulates sickle cell anemia red blood cell physiology: Impact on RBC deformability, oxidative stress, nitrite levels and nitric oxide synthase signalling pathway. Nitric Oxide 2018; 81:28-35. [PMID: 30342855 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) has been suggested to act as a nitric oxide (NO) donor in sickle cell anemia (SCA). However, little is known about the HU NO-related effects on red blood cell (RBC) physiology and NO signalling pathway. Thirty-four patients with SCA (22 under HU treatment (HU+) and 12 without (HU-)) and 17 healthy subjects (AA) were included. RBC nitrite content, deformability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. RBC NO-synthase (RBC-NOS) signalling pathway was assessed by the measurement of RBC-NOS serine1177 and RBC-AKT serine473 phosphorylation. We also investigated the in vitro effects of Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, on the same parameters in SCA RBC. RBC nitrite content was higher in HU+ than in HU- and AA. RBC deformability was decreased in SCA patients compared to AA but the decrease was more pronounced in HU-. RBC ROS level was increased in SCA compared to AA but the level was higher in HU- than in HU+. RBC-NOS serine1177 and RBC-AKT serine473 phosphorylation were decreased in HU+ compared to HU- and AA. SCA RBC treated with SNP showed increased deformability, reduced ROS content and a decrease in AKT and RBC-NOS phosphorylation. Our study suggests that HU, through its effects on foetal hemoglobin and possibly on NO delivery, would modulate RBC NO signalling pathway, RBC rheology and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Nader
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Marijke Grau
- Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Germany
| | - Romain Fort
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France; Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bianca Collins
- Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Germany
| | - Giovanna Cannas
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France; Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Gauthier
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France; Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Katja Walpurgis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cyril Martin
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Germany
| | - Solène Poutrel
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Hot
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Renoux
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, UF de biochimie des pathologies érythrocytaires, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mario Thevis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philippe Joly
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, UF de biochimie des pathologies érythrocytaires, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Romana
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France; UMR Inserm 1134, Hôpital Ricou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
| | - Nicolas Guillot
- Laboratoire Carmen Inserm 1060, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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Kim-Shapiro DB, Gladwin MT. Nitric oxide pathology and therapeutics in sickle cell disease. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 68:223-237. [PMID: 29614634 PMCID: PMC5911689 DOI: 10.3233/ch-189009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutant form of hemoglobin that polymerizes under hypoxic conditions which leads to red blood cell (RBC) distortion, calcium-influx mediated RBC dehydration, increased RBC adhesivity, reduced RBC deformability, increased RBC fragility, and hemolysis. These impairments in RBC structure and function result in multifaceted downstream pathology including inflammation, endothelial cell activation, platelet and leukocyte activation and adhesion, and thrombosis, all of which contribute vascular occlusion and substantial morbidity and mortality. Hemoglobin released upon RBC hemolysis scavenges nitric oxide (NO) and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby decreases bioavailability of this important signaling molecule. As the endothelium-derived relaxing factor, NO acts as a vasodilator and also decreases platelet, leukocyte, and endothelial cell activation. Thus, low NO bioavailability contributes to pathology in sickle cell disease and its restoration could serve as an effective treatment. Despite its promise, clinical trials based on restoring NO bioavailability have so far been mainly disappointing. However, particular "NO donating" agents such as nitrite, which unlike some other NO donors can improve sickle RBC properties, may yet prove effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics and the Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem NC 27109
| | - Mark T. Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute and the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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Ikuta T, Thatte HS, Tang JX, Mukerji I, Knee K, Bridges KR, Wang S, Montero-Huerta P, Joshi RM, Head CA. Nitric oxide reduces sickle hemoglobin polymerization: potential role of nitric oxide-induced charge alteration in depolymerization. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 510:53-61. [PMID: 21457702 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that inhaling nitric oxide (NO) increases the oxygen affinity of sickle red blood cells (RBCs) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Our recent studies found that NO lowered the P(50) values of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) hemolysates but did not increase methemoglobin (metHb) levels, supporting the role of NO, but not metHb, in the oxygen affinity of HbS. Here we examine the mechanism by which NO increases HbS oxygen affinity. Because anti-sickling agents increase sickle RBC oxygen affinity, we first determined whether NO exhibits anti-sickling properties. The viscosity of HbS hemolysates, measured by falling ball assays, increased upon deoxygenation; NO treatment reduced the increment. Multiphoton microscopic analyses showed smaller HbS polymers in deoxygenated sickle RBCs and HbS hemolysates exposed to NO. These results suggest that NO inhibits HbS polymer formation and has anti-sickling properties. Furthermore, we found that HbS treated with NO exhibits an isoelectric point similar to that of HbA, suggesting that NO alters the electric charge of HbS. NO-HbS adducts had the same elution time as HbA upon high performance liquid chromatography analysis. This study demonstrates that NO may disrupt HbS polymers by abolishing the excess positive charge of HbS, resulting in increased oxygen affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ikuta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, 30912, United States
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Basu S, Azarova NA, Font MD, King SB, Hogg N, Gladwin MT, Shiva S, Kim-Shapiro DB. Nitrite reductase activity of cytochrome c. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:32590-7. [PMID: 18820338 PMCID: PMC2583304 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806934200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Small increases in physiological nitrite concentrations have now been shown to mediate a number of biological responses, including hypoxic vasodilation, cytoprotection after ischemia/reperfusion, and regulation of gene and protein expression. Thus, while nitrite was until recently believed to be biologically inert, it is now recognized as a potentially important hypoxic signaling molecule and therapeutic agent. Nitrite mediates signaling through its reduction to nitric oxide, via reactions with several heme-containing proteins. In this report, we show for the first time that the mitochondrial electron carrier cytochrome c can also effectively reduce nitrite to NO. This nitrite reductase activity is highly regulated as it is dependent on pentacoordination of the heme iron in the protein and occurs under anoxic and acidic conditions. Further, we demonstrate that in the presence of nitrite, pentacoordinate cytochrome c generates bioavailable NO that is able to inhibit mitochondrial respiration. These data suggest an additional role for cytochrome c as a nitrite reductase that may play an important role in regulating mitochondrial function and contributing to hypoxic, redox, and apoptotic signaling within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Basu
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA
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7
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Basu S, Wang X, Gladwin MT, Kim‐Shapiro DB. Chemiluminescent Detection of S‐Nitrosated Proteins: Comparison of Tri‐iodide, Copper/CO/Cysteine, and Modified Copper/Cysteine Methods. Methods Enzymol 2008; 440:137-56. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(07)00808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Knee KM, Roden CK, Flory MR, Mukerji I. The role of beta93 Cys in the inhibition of Hb S fiber formation. Biophys Chem 2007; 127:181-93. [PMID: 17350155 PMCID: PMC4743648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that nitric oxide (NO) binding to hemoglobin (Hb) may lead to the inhibition of sickle cell fiber formation and the dissolution of sickle cell fibers. NO can react with Hb in at least 3 ways: 1) formation of Hb(II)NO, 2) formation of methemoglobin, and 3) formation of S-nitrosohemoglobin, through nitrosylation of the beta93 Cys residue. In this study, the role of beta93 Cys in the mechanism of sickle cell fiber inhibition is investigated through chemical modification with N-ethylmaleimide. UV resonance Raman, FT-IR and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopic methods in conjunction with equilibrium solubility and kinetic studies are used to characterize the effect of beta93 Cys modification on Hb S fiber formation. Both FT-IR spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry results demonstrate that modification can occur at both the beta93 and alpha104 Cys residues under relatively mild reaction conditions. Equilibrium solubility measurements reveal that singly-modified Hb at the beta93 position leads to increased amounts of fiber formation relative to unmodified or doubly-modified Hb S. Kinetic studies confirm that modification of only the beta93 residue leads to a faster onset of polymerization. UV resonance Raman results indicate that modification of the alpha104 residue in addition to the beta93 residue significantly perturbs the alpha(1)beta(2) interface, while modification of only beta93 does not. These results in conjunction with the equilibrium solubility and kinetic measurements are suggestive that modification of the alpha104 Cys residue and not the beta93 Cys residue leads to T-state destabilization and inhibition of fiber formation. These findings have implications for understanding the mechanism of NO binding to Hb and NO inhibition of Hb S fiber formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ishita Mukerji
- Address correspondence to: Ishita Mukerji, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Biophysics Program, Wesleyan University, 205 Hall-Atwater Labs, Lawn Ave, Middletown, CT 06459-0175, Tel. 860-685-2422, Fax. 860-685-2141,
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Huang KT, Azarov I, Basu S, Huang J, Kim-Shapiro DB. Lack of allosterically controlled intramolecular transfer of nitric oxide from the heme to cysteine in the beta subunit of hemoglobin. Blood 2005; 107:2602-4. [PMID: 16339397 PMCID: PMC1895378 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-10-4104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The SNO-Hb hypothesis holds that heme-bound nitric oxide (NO) present in the beta subunits of T-state hemoglobin (Hb) will be transferred to the beta-93 cysteine upon conversion to R-state Hb, thereby forming SNO-Hb. A deficiency in the ability of Hb to facilitate this intramolecular transfer has recently been purported to play a role in pulmonary hypertension and sickle cell disease. We prepared deoxygenated Hb samples with small amounts of heme-bound NO and then oxygenated the samples. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to (1) determine the concentration of iron nitrosyl Hb (Fe-NO Hb), (2) show that the NO is evenly distributed among alpha and beta subunits, and (3) show that the Hb undergoes a change in its quaternary state (T to R) upon oxygenation. We did not observe a decrease in the concentration of Fe-NO Hb on oxygenation, which is inconsistent with the prediction of the SNO-Hb hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris T Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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10
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Huang Z, Shiva S, Kim-Shapiro DB, Patel RP, Ringwood LA, Irby CE, Huang KT, Ho C, Hogg N, Schechter AN, Gladwin MT. Enzymatic function of hemoglobin as a nitrite reductase that produces NO under allosteric control. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:2099-107. [PMID: 16041407 PMCID: PMC1177999 DOI: 10.1172/jci24650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic vasodilation is a fundamental, highly conserved physiological response that requires oxygen and/or pH sensing coupled to vasodilation. While this process was first characterized more than 80 years ago, the precise identity and mechanism of the oxygen sensor and mediators of vasodilation remain uncertain. In support of a possible role for hemoglobin (Hb) as a sensor and effector of hypoxic vasodilation, here we show biochemical evidence that Hb exhibits enzymatic behavior as a nitrite reductase, with maximal NO generation rates occurring near the oxy-to-deoxy (R-to-T) allosteric structural transition of the protein. The observed rate of nitrite reduction by Hb deviates from second-order kinetics, and sigmoidal reaction progress is determined by a balance between 2 opposing chemistries of the heme in the R (oxygenated conformation) and T (deoxygenated conformation) allosteric quaternary structures of the Hb tetramer--the greater reductive potential of deoxyheme in the R state tetramer and the number of unligated deoxyheme sites necessary for nitrite binding, which are more plentiful in the T state tetramer. These opposing chemistries result in a maximal nitrite reduction rate when Hb is 40-60% saturated with oxygen (near the Hb P50), an apparent ideal set point for hypoxia-responsive NO generation. These data suggest that the oxygen sensor for hypoxic vasodilation is determined by Hb oxygen saturation and quaternary structure and that the nitrite reductase activity of Hb generates NO gas under allosteric and pH control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Huang
- Vascular Therapeutics Section, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1662, USA
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11
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Azizi F, Kielbasa JE, Adeyiga AM, Maree RD, Frazier M, Yakubu M, Shields H, King SB, Kim-Shapiro DB. Rates of nitric oxide dissociation from hemoglobin. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 39:145-51. [PMID: 15964506 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Revised: 02/28/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a major role in human physiology and in many pathological states. Although oxyhemoglobin is known to destroy NO activity, NO activity can, in principle, be conserved through iron nitrosylation at vacant hemes. In order for this NO activity to be delivered, the NO must dissociate from the heme. Despite its study over the past few decades, our understanding of NO dissociation from hemoglobin is incomplete. In principle, there are at least four NO dissociation rates: kR(alpha), kR(beta), kT(alpha), and kT(beta), where the subscript refers to the quaternary state and the superscript to the hemoglobin chain. In the T-state, a proportion of the proximal histidine bonds break forming pentacoordinate alpha-nitrosyl hemoglobin. In vivo, alpha-nitrosyl hemoglobin predominates over beta-nitrosyl hemoglobin. In this study we have used a fast NO trap, Fe(II)-proline-dithiocarbamate, to measure NO dissociation rates from hemoglobin. We have varied solution conditions so the rate of dissociation from pentacoordinate alpha-nitrosyl hemoglobin could be definitively measured for the first time; kT(alpha) = 4.2 +/- 1.5 x 10(-4) s(-1). We have also found that the fastest NO dissociation rate is on the order of 10(-3) s(-1) and that NO dissociation from sickle cell hemoglobin is the same as that from normal adult hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Azizi
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109-7507, USA
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12
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Tang DC, Zhu J, Liu W, Chin K, Sun J, Chen L, Hanover JA, Rodgers GP. The hydroxyurea-induced small GTP-binding protein SAR modulates gamma-globin gene expression in human erythroid cells. Blood 2005; 106:3256-63. [PMID: 15985540 PMCID: PMC1895330 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-10-3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU), a drug effective in the treatment of sickle cell disease, is thought to indirectly promote fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) production by perturbing the maturation of erythroid precursors. The molecular mechanisms involved in HU-mediated regulation of gamma-globin expression are currently unclear. We identified an HU-induced small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein, secretion-associated and RAS-related (SAR) protein, in adult erythroid cells using differential display. Stable SAR expression in K562 cells increased gamma-globin mRNA expression and resulted in macrocytosis. The cells appeared immature. SAR-mediated induction of gamma-globin also inhibited K562 cell growth by causing arrest in G1/S, apoptosis, and delay of maturation, cellular changes consistent with the previously known effects of HU on erythroid cells. SAR also enhanced both gamma- and beta-globin transcription in primary bone marrow CD34+ cells, with a greater effect on gamma-globin than on beta-globin. Although up-regulation of GATA-2 and p21 was observed both in SAR-expressing cells and HU-treated K562 cells, phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase and phosphorylated ERK were inhibited specifically in SAR-expressing cells. These data reveal a novel role of SAR distinct from its previously known protein-trafficking function. We suggest that SAR may participate in both erythroid cell growth and gamma-globin production by regulating PI3 kinase/extracellular protein-related kinase (ERK) and GATA-2/p21-dependent signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia C Tang
- Bldg 10, Rm 9N119, Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch and Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
Understanding the organization of molecules in naturally occurring ordered arrays (e.g. membranes, protein fibres and DNA strands) is of great importance to understanding biological function. Unfortunately, few biophysical techniques provide detailed structural information on these non-crystalline systems. UV, visible and IR linear dichroism have the potential to provide such information. Recent advances in technology and simulations allow this potential to be fulfilled, and can now provide a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of such fundamental biological processes as amyloid fibre formation and membrane protein folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Dafforn
- Department of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Xu X, Cho M, Spencer NY, Patel N, Huang Z, Shields H, King SB, Gladwin MT, Hogg N, Kim-Shapiro DB. Measurements of nitric oxide on the heme iron and beta-93 thiol of human hemoglobin during cycles of oxygenation and deoxygenation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:11303-8. [PMID: 14500899 PMCID: PMC208752 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2033883100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide has been proposed to be transported by hemoglobin as a third respiratory gas and to elicit vasodilation by an oxygen-linked (allosteric) mechanism. For hemoglobin to transport nitric oxide bioactivity it must capture nitric oxide as iron nitrosyl hemoglobin rather than destroy it by dioxygenation. Once bound to the heme iron, nitric oxide has been reported to migrate reversibly from the heme group of hemoglobin to the beta-93 cysteinyl residue, in response to an oxygen saturation-dependent conformational change, to form an S-nitrosothiol. However, such a transfer requires redox chemistry with oxidation of the nitric oxide or beta-93 cysteinyl residue. In this article, we examine the ability of nitric oxide to undergo this intramolecular transfer by cycling human hemoglobin between oxygenated and deoxygenated states. Under various conditions, we found no evidence for intramolecular transfer of nitric oxide from either cysteine to heme or heme to cysteine. In addition, we observed that contaminating nitrite can lead to formation of iron nitrosyl hemoglobin in deoxygenated hemoglobin preparations and a radical in oxygenated hemoglobin preparations. Using 15N-labeled nitrite, we clearly demonstrate that nitrite chemistry could explain previously reported results that suggested apparent nitric oxide cycling from heme to thiol. Consistent with our results from these experiments conducted in vitro, we found no arterial/venous gradient of iron nitrosyl hemoglobin detectable by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our results do not support a role for allosterically controlled intramolecular transfer of nitric oxide in hemoglobin as a function of oxygen saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Xu
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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15
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Jaszewski AR, Fann YC, Chen YR, Sato K, Corbett J, Mason RP. EPR spectroscopy studies on the structural transition of nitrosyl hemoglobin in the arterial-venous cycle of DEANO-treated rats as it relates to the proposed nitrosyl hemoglobin/nitrosothiol hemoglobin exchange. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 35:444-51. [PMID: 12899946 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(03)00324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In vivo studies show a dynamic cycle in which alpha-nitrosylated hemoglobin is mainly in the relaxed state in arterial blood of rats treated with 2-(N,N-diethylamino)-diazenolate-2-oxide, but converts mainly to the tense state during the arterial-venous transit. A detailed analysis shows that different electron paramagnetic resonance spectra recorded for alpha-nitrosyl hemoglobin in arterial and venous blood at 77 K originate only from a different ratio between 5- and 6-coordinate heme without any change in the concentration of nitrosyl hemoglobin. In venous blood, the five- and six-coordination equilibrium of the alpha-nitrosyl heme is shifted in favor of the 5-coordinate state (58% venous vs. 20% arterial). These results are not consistent with the recently proposed exchange of nitrosyl heme with the beta-93 nitrosothiol group of hemoglobin during the arterial-venous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian R Jaszewski
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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16
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Lockamy VL, Huang J, Shields H, Ballas SK, King SB, Kim-Shapiro DB. Urease enhances the formation of iron nitrosyl hemoglobin in the presence of hydroxyurea. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1622:109-16. [PMID: 12880948 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(03)00132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been shown that hydroxyurea (HU) therapy produces measurable amounts of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, including iron nitrosyl hemoglobin (HbNO) in patients with sickle cell disease, the in vivo mechanism for formation of these is not known. Much in vitro data and some in vivo data indicates that HU is the NO donor, but other studies suggest a role for nitric oxide synthase (NOS). In this study, we confirm that the NO-forming reactions of HU with hemoglobin (Hb) or other blood constituents is too slow to account for NO production measured in vivo. We hypothesize that, in vivo, HU is partially metabolized to hydroxylamine (HA), which quickly reacts with Hb to form methemoglobin (metHb) and HbNO. We show that addition of urease, which converts HU to HA, to a mixture of blood and HU, greatly enhances HbNO formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia L Lockamy
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109-7507, USA
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17
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Reiter CD, Gladwin MT. An emerging role for nitric oxide in sickle cell disease vascular homeostasis and therapy. Curr Opin Hematol 2003; 10:99-107. [PMID: 12579034 DOI: 10.1097/00062752-200303000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide participates in the compensatory response to chronic vascular injury in patients with sickle cell disease. The authors have found reductions of basal and stimulated nitric oxide production and responses to exogenous nitric oxide in male patients with sickle cell disease. Gender differences in nitric oxide bioavailability are probably caused in part by the protective effects of ovarian estrogen on nitric oxide synthase expression and activity in women. Further, in men, and likely all patients during vaso-occlusive crisis and the acute chest syndrome, nitric oxide is destroyed by increased circulating plasma hemoglobin and superoxide. The combined effects of inhaled nitric oxide gas of improving pulmonary ventilation to perfusion matching and hemodynamics, reducing alveolar and systemic inflammation, and inhibiting circulating plasma hemoglobin (and thus restoring peripheral nitric oxide bioavailability) may modulate the course of the disease, including the frequency and severity of vaso-occlusive crises and acute chest syndrome episodes. Possible effects of chronic nitric oxide-based therapies on erythrocyte density, pulmonary artery pressures, and fetal hemoglobin induction deserve study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Reiter
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Warren G Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1662, USA
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