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Shao S, Bu Z, Xiang J, Liu J, Tan R, Sun H, Hu Y, Wang Y. The role of Tetraspanins in digestive system tumor development: update and emerging evidence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1343894. [PMID: 38389703 PMCID: PMC10882080 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1343894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Digestive system malignancies, including cancers of the esophagus, pancreas, stomach, liver, and colorectum, are the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide due to their high morbidity and poor prognosis. The lack of effective early diagnosis methods is a significant factor contributing to the poor prognosis for these malignancies. Tetraspanins (Tspans) are a superfamily of 4-transmembrane proteins (TM4SF), classified as low-molecular-weight glycoproteins, with 33 Tspan family members identified in humans to date. They interact with other membrane proteins or TM4SF members to form a functional platform on the cytoplasmic membrane called Tspan-enriched microdomain and serve multiple functions including cell adhesion, migration, propagation and signal transduction. In this review, we summarize the various roles of Tspans in the progression of digestive system tumors and the underlying molecular mechanisms in recent years. Generally, the expression of CD9, CD151, Tspan1, Tspan5, Tspan8, Tspan12, Tspan15, and Tspan31 are upregulated, facilitating the migration and invasion of digestive system cancer cells. Conversely, Tspan7, CD82, CD63, Tspan7, and Tspan9 are downregulated, suppressing digestive system tumor cell metastasis. Furthermore, the connection between Tspans and the metastasis of malignant bone tumors is reviewed. We also summarize the potential role of Tspans as novel immunotherapy targets and as an approach to overcome drug resistance. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical value and therapeutic targets of Tspans in the treatments of digestive system malignancies and provide some guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Shao
- Articular Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhen Bu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinyi People's Hospital, Xinyi, China
| | - Jinghua Xiang
- Articular Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- Articular Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Rui Tan
- Articular Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Han Sun
- Articular Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuanwen Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Articular Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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2
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Quagliano A, Gopalakrishnapillai A, Barwe SP. Tetraspanins set the stage for bone marrow microenvironment-induced chemoprotection in hematologic malignancies. Blood Adv 2023; 7:4403-4413. [PMID: 37561544 PMCID: PMC10432613 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, relapse still remains a consistent issue. One of the primary contributors to relapse is the bone marrow microenvironment providing a sanctuary to malignant cells. These cells interact with bone marrow components such as osteoblasts and stromal cells, extracellular matrix proteins, and soluble factors. These interactions, mediated by the cell surface proteins like cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs), induce intracellular signaling that leads to the development of bone marrow microenvironment-induced chemoprotection (BMC). Although extensive study has gone into these CAMs, including the development of targeted therapies, very little focus in hematologic malignancies has been put on a family of cell surface proteins that are just as important for mediating bone marrow interactions: the transmembrane 4 superfamily (tetraspanins; TSPANs). TSPANs are known to be important mediators of microenvironmental interactions and metastasis based on numerous studies in solid tumors. Recently, evidence of their possible role in hematologic malignancies, specifically in the regulation of cellular adhesion, bone marrow homing, intracellular signaling, and stem cell dynamics in malignant hematologic cells has come to light. Many of these effects are facilitated by associations with CAMs and other receptors on the cell surface in TSPAN-enriched microdomains. This could suggest that TSPANs play an important role in mediating BMC in hematologic malignancies and could be used as therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss TSPAN structure and function in hematologic cells, their interactions with different cell surface and signaling proteins, and possible ways to target/inhibit their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Quagliano
- Lisa Dean Moseley Foundation Institute for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Wilmington, DE
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Anilkumar Gopalakrishnapillai
- Lisa Dean Moseley Foundation Institute for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Wilmington, DE
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Sonali P. Barwe
- Lisa Dean Moseley Foundation Institute for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Wilmington, DE
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
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3
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Martins I, Neves-Silva D, Ascensão-Ferreira M, Dias AF, Ribeiro D, Isidro AF, Quitéria R, Paramos-de-Carvalho D, Barbosa-Morais NL, Saúde L. Mouse Spinal Cord Vascular Transcriptome Analysis Identifies CD9 and MYLIP as Injury-Induced Players. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076433. [PMID: 37047406 PMCID: PMC10094762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) initiates a cascade of cellular events, culminating in irreversible tissue loss and neuroinflammation. After the trauma, the blood vessels are destroyed. The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), a physical barrier between the blood and spinal cord parenchyma, is disrupted, facilitating the infiltration of immune cells, and contributing to a toxic spinal microenvironment, affecting axonal regeneration. Understanding how the vascular constituents of the BSCB respond to injury is crucial to prevent BSCB impairment and to improve spinal cord repair. Here, we focus our attention on the vascular transcriptome at 3- and 7-days post-injury (dpi), during which BSCB is abnormally leaky, to identify potential molecular players that are injury-specific. Using the mouse contusion model, we identified Cd9 and Mylip genes as differentially expressed at 3 and 7 dpi. CD9 and MYLIP expression were injury-induced on vascular cells, endothelial cells and pericytes, at the injury epicentre at 7 dpi, with a spatial expression predominantly at the caudal region of the lesion. These results establish CD9 and MYLIP as two new potential players after SCI, and future studies targeting their expression might bring promising results for spinal cord repair.
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Torres-Gomez A, Fiyouzi T, Guerra-Espinosa C, Cardeñes B, Clares I, Toribio V, Reche PA, Cabañas C, Lafuente EM. Expression of the phagocytic receptors αMβ2 and αXβ2 is controlled by RIAM, VASP and Vinculin in neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951280. [PMID: 36238292 PMCID: PMC9552961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the integrin phagocytic receptors CR3 (αMβ2, CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (αXβ2, CD11c/CD18) requires Rap1 activation and RIAM function. RIAM controls integrin activation by recruiting Talin to β2 subunits, enabling the Talin-Vinculin interaction, which in term bridges integrins to the actin-cytoskeleton. RIAM also recruits VASP to phagocytic cups and facilitates VASP phosphorylation and function promoting particle internalization. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout approach, we have analyzed the requirement for RIAM, VASP and Vinculin expression in neutrophilic-HL-60 cells. All knockout cells displayed abolished phagocytosis that was accompanied by a significant and specific reduction in ITGAM (αM), ITGAX (αX) and ITGB2 (β2) mRNA, as revealed by RT-qPCR. RIAM, VASP and Vinculin KOs presented reduced cellular F-actin content that correlated with αM expression, as treatment with the actin filament polymerizing and stabilizing drug jasplakinolide, partially restored αM expression. In general, the expression of αX was less responsive to jasplakinolide treatment than αM, indicating that regulatory mechanisms independent of F-actin content may be involved. The Serum Response Factor (SRF) was investigated as the potential transcription factor controlling αMβ2 expression, since its coactivator MRTF-A requires actin polymerization to induce transcription. Immunofluorescent MRTF-A localization in parental cells was primarily nuclear, while in knockouts it exhibited a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern. Localization of FHL-2 (SRF corepressor) was mainly sub-membranous in parental HL-60 cells, but in knockouts the localization was disperse in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, suggesting RIAM, VASP and Vinculin are required to maintain FHL-2 close to cytoplasmic membranes, reducing its nuclear localization and inhibiting its corepressor activity. Finally, reexpression of VASP in the VASP knockout resulted in a complete reversion of the phenotype, as knock-ins restored αM expression. Taken together, our results suggest that RIAM, VASP and Vinculin, are necessary for the correct expression of αMβ2 and αXβ2 during neutrophilic differentiation in the human promyelocytic HL-60 cell line, and strongly point to an involvement of these proteins in the acquisition of a phagocytic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Torres-Gomez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Esther M. Lafuente, ; Alvaro Torres-Gomez,
| | - Tara Fiyouzi
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Guerra-Espinosa
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cardeñes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Clares
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Toribio
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program (Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit), Centre for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro A. Reche
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program (Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit), Centre for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther M. Lafuente
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Inflammatory Diseases and Immune Disorders (Lymphocyte Immunobiology Unit), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Esther M. Lafuente, ; Alvaro Torres-Gomez,
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5
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ALCAM/CD166 Is Involved in the Binding and Uptake of Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105753. [PMID: 35628559 PMCID: PMC9143639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and ovarian cancer (OvC) patients frequently develop peritoneal metastasis, a condition associated with a very poor prognosis. In these cancers, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) cause immunosuppression, facilitate the direct attachment and invasion of cancer cells through the mesothelium, induce the conversion of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and transfer a more aggressive phenotype amongst cancer cells. Although the promoting role of EVs in CRC and OvC peritoneal metastasis is well established, the specific molecules that mediate the interactions between tumor-derived EVs and immune and non-immune target cells remain elusive. Here, we employed the SKOV-3 (ovarian adenocarcinoma) and Colo-320 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) human cell lines as model systems to study the interactions and uptake of EVs produced by ovarian carcinoma and colorectal carcinoma cells, respectively. We established that the adhesion molecule ALCAM/CD166 is involved in the interaction of cancer-derived EVs with recipient cancer cells (a process termed “EV binding” or “EV docking”) and in their subsequent uptake by these cells. The identification of ALCAM/CD166 as a molecule mediating the docking and uptake of CRC and OvC-derived EVs may be potentially exploited to block the peritoneal metastasis cascade promoted by EVs in CRC and OvC patients.
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6
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Sharifi MJ, Vakili E, Ilkhanipoor H, Zekavat OR, Bordbar M. Elevated CD9 expression as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of Bernard-Soulier syndrome. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2022; 33:159-161. [PMID: 35165218 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of inherited platelet glycoprotein disorders is based on specific laboratory techniques such as aggregometry and flow cytometry. Flowcytometry is a powerful method, but equivocal results are produced in some cases. New cluster of differentiation markers could resolve the diagnostic dilemmas. Abnormal expression of CD9 in Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is recently reported. We aimed to determine the diagnostic significance of CD9 expression in a cohort of Iranian patients with inherited platelet glycoprotein defects. Twelve BSS, 21 Glanzmann thrombasthenia and 16 healthy controls were included in the present study. Flowcytometric diagnosis of BSS and Glanzmann thrombasthenia was made by analysis of CD41/61 and CD42a/42b CD markers. Moreover, phycoerythrin-labelled anti CD9 was examined in patients and healthy controls. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD9 among the three groups was compared using suitable statistical methods and a P value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Mean MFI of CD9 was 990.0 in BSS patients versus 421.2 and 317.3 in individuals with Glanzmann thrombasthenia and healthy controls, respectively (P < 0.05). Between the two-group comparison of means by the Mann--Whitney test revealed a P value of less than 0.001 for BSS group versus GT (2.4-fold) and BSS versus healthy controls (2.9-fold). CD9 molecule also expressed differently in patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia in comparison with healthy controls (P < 0.001), although with a less magnitude (1.3-fold). According to our findings, CD9 is a potential biomarker for laboratory diagnosis of inherited glycoprotein defects, especially to elucidate the ambiguous results in BSS cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jafar Sharifi
- Division of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Pediatric Department Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Hematology Research Center, Shiraz, Iran
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7
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Oncogenic tetraspanins: Implications for metastasis, drug resistance, cancer stem cell maintenance and diagnosis of leading cancers in females. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Cardeñes B, Clares I, Toribio V, Pascual L, López-Martín S, Torres-Gomez A, Sainz de la Cuesta R, Lafuente EM, López-Cabrera M, Yáñez-Mó M, Cabañas C. Cellular Integrin α5β1 and Exosomal ADAM17 Mediate the Binding and Uptake of Exosomes Produced by Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189938. [PMID: 34576100 PMCID: PMC8471098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 25% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients develop peritoneal metastasis, a condition associated with a bleak prognosis. The CRC peritoneal dissemination cascade involves the shedding of cancer cells from the primary tumor, their transport through the peritoneal cavity, their adhesion to the peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) that line all peritoneal organs, and invasion of cancer cells through this mesothelial cell barrier and underlying stroma to establish new metastatic foci. Exosomes produced by cancer cells have been shown to influence many processes related to cancer progression and metastasis. In epithelial ovarian cancer these extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to favor different steps of the peritoneal dissemination cascade by changing the functional phenotype of cancer cells and PMCs. Little is currently known, however, about the roles played by exosomes in the pathogenesis and peritoneal metastasis cascade of CRC and especially about the molecules that mediate their interaction and uptake by target PMCs and tumor cells. We isolated exosomes by size−exclusion chromatography from CRC cells and performed cell-adhesion assays to immobilized exosomes in the presence of blocking antibodies against surface proteins and measured the uptake of fluorescently-labelled exosomes. We report here that the interaction between integrin α5β1 on CRC cells (and PMCs) and its ligand ADAM17 on exosomes mediated the binding and uptake of CRC-derived exosomes. Furthermore, this process was negatively regulated by the expression of tetraspanin CD9 on exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cardeñes
- Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (I.C.); (V.T.); (L.P.); (S.L.-M.); (M.L.-C.); (M.Y.-M.)
| | - Irene Clares
- Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (I.C.); (V.T.); (L.P.); (S.L.-M.); (M.L.-C.); (M.Y.-M.)
| | - Víctor Toribio
- Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (I.C.); (V.T.); (L.P.); (S.L.-M.); (M.L.-C.); (M.Y.-M.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Pascual
- Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (I.C.); (V.T.); (L.P.); (S.L.-M.); (M.L.-C.); (M.Y.-M.)
| | - Soraya López-Martín
- Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (I.C.); (V.T.); (L.P.); (S.L.-M.); (M.L.-C.); (M.Y.-M.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Torres-Gomez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-G.); (E.M.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sainz de la Cuesta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario Quironsalud Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Esther M. Lafuente
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-G.); (E.M.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (I.C.); (V.T.); (L.P.); (S.L.-M.); (M.L.-C.); (M.Y.-M.)
| | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (I.C.); (V.T.); (L.P.); (S.L.-M.); (M.L.-C.); (M.Y.-M.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (I.C.); (V.T.); (L.P.); (S.L.-M.); (M.L.-C.); (M.Y.-M.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-G.); (E.M.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-911964513
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Lorico A, Lorico-Rappa M, Karbanová J, Corbeil D, Pizzorno G. CD9, a tetraspanin target for cancer therapy? Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1121-1138. [PMID: 33601913 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220981855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present minireview, we intend to provide a brief history of the field of CD9 involvement in oncogenesis and in the metastatic process of cancer, considering its potential value as a tumor-associated antigenic target. Over the years, CD9 has been identified as a favorable prognostic marker or predictor of metastatic potential depending on the cancer type. To understand its implications in cancer beside its use as an antigenic biomarker, it is essential to know its physiological functions, including its molecular partners in a given cell system. Moreover, the discovery that CD9 is one of the most specific and broadly expressed markers of extracellular membrane vesicles, nanometer-sized entities that are released into extracellular space and various physiological body fluids and play a role in intercellular communication under physiological and pathological conditions, notably the establishment of cancer metastases, has added a new dimension to our knowledge of CD9 function in cancer. Here, we will discuss these issues as well as the possible cancer therapeutic implications of CD9, their limitations, and pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Lorico
- Touro University College of Medicine, Henderson, NV 89014, USA.,Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | | | - Jana Karbanová
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Pizzorno
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.,Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, TN 37403 , USA
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10
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Leung KT, Zhang C, Chan KYY, Li K, Cheung JTK, Ng MHL, Zhang XB, Sit T, Lee WYW, Kang W, To KF, Yu JWS, Man TKF, Wang H, Tsang KS, Cheng FWT, Lam GKS, Chow TW, Leung AWK, Leung TF, Yuen PMP, Ng PC, Li CK. CD9 blockade suppresses disease progression of high-risk pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and enhances chemosensitivity. Leukemia 2019; 34:709-720. [DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Lazareth H, Henique C, Lenoir O, Puelles VG, Flamant M, Bollée G, Fligny C, Camus M, Guyonnet L, Millien C, Gaillard F, Chipont A, Robin B, Fabrega S, Dhaun N, Camerer E, Kretz O, Grahammer F, Braun F, Huber TB, Nochy D, Mandet C, Bruneval P, Mesnard L, Thervet E, Karras A, Le Naour F, Rubinstein E, Boucheix C, Alexandrou A, Moeller MJ, Bouzigues C, Tharaux PL. The tetraspanin CD9 controls migration and proliferation of parietal epithelial cells and glomerular disease progression. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3303. [PMID: 31341160 PMCID: PMC6656772 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms driving the development of extracapillary lesions in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) remain poorly understood. A key question is how parietal epithelial cells (PECs) invade glomerular capillaries, thereby promoting injury and kidney failure. Here we show that expression of the tetraspanin CD9 increases markedly in PECs in mouse models of CGN and FSGS, and in kidneys from individuals diagnosed with these diseases. Cd9 gene targeting in PECs prevents glomerular damage in CGN and FSGS mouse models. Mechanistically, CD9 deficiency prevents the oriented migration of PECs into the glomerular tuft and their acquisition of CD44 and β1 integrin expression. These findings highlight a critical role for de novo expression of CD9 as a common pathogenic switch driving the PEC phenotype in CGN and FSGS, while offering a potential therapeutic avenue to treat these conditions. In both focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN), kidney injury is characterised by the invasion of glomerular tufts by parietal epithelial cells (PECs). Here Lazareth et al. identify the tetraspanin CD9 as a key regulator of PEC migration, and find its upregulation in FSGS and CGN contributes to kidney injury in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Lazareth
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Renal Division, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France.,Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS UMR7645, INSERM U1182, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, F-91128, France
| | - Carole Henique
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Equipe 21, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, F-94010, France.
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Victor G Puelles
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Martin Flamant
- Xavier Bichat University Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Guillaume Bollée
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Fligny
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Marine Camus
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Lea Guyonnet
- National Cytometry Platform, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, L-4354, Luxembourg
| | - Corinne Millien
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - François Gaillard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Anna Chipont
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Blaise Robin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Fabrega
- Université de Paris, Institut Imagine, Plateforme Vecteurs Viraux et Transfert de Gènes, IFR94, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, Scotland, UK
| | - Eric Camerer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany.,Renal Division, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| | - Florian Grahammer
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany.,Renal Division, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| | - Fabian Braun
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany.,Renal Division, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany.,Renal Division, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| | - Dominique Nochy
- Department of Pathology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Chantal Mandet
- Department of Pathology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Department of Pathology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Laurent Mesnard
- Critical Care Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1155, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, F-75020, France
| | - Eric Thervet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Renal Division, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Alexandre Karras
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Renal Division, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France
| | | | - Eric Rubinstein
- Inserm U935, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Claude Boucheix
- Inserm U935, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Antigoni Alexandrou
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS UMR7645, INSERM U1182, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, F-91128, France
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cédric Bouzigues
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS UMR7645, INSERM U1182, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, F-91128, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Renal Division, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France.
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12
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Peñaranda MMD, Jensen I, Tollersrud LG, Bruun JA, Jørgensen JB. Profiling the Atlantic Salmon IgM + B Cell Surface Proteome: Novel Information on Teleost Fish B Cell Protein Repertoire and Identification of Potential B Cell Markers. Front Immunol 2019; 10:37. [PMID: 30761128 PMCID: PMC6362898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish immunology research is at a pivotal point with the increasing availability of functional immunoassays and major advances in omics approaches. However, studies on fish B cells and their distinct subsets remain a challenge due to the limited availability of differentially expressed surface markers. To address this constraint, cell surface proteome of Atlantic salmon IgM+ B cells were analyzed by mass spectrometry and compared to surface proteins detected from two adherent salmon head kidney cell lines, ASK and SSP-9. Out of 21 cluster of differentiation (CD) molecules identified on salmon IgM+ B cells, CD22 and CD79A were shortlisted as potential markers based on the reported B cell-specific surface expression of their mammalian homologs. Subsequent RT-qPCR analyses of flow cytometry-sorted subpopulations from head kidney leukocytes confirmed that both cd22 and cd79a genes were highly expressed in IgM+ lymphoid cells but were observed in barely detectable levels in IgM- non-lymphoid suspension and adherent cells. Similarly, significantly high cd22 and cd79a mRNA levels were observed in IgM+ or IgT+ lymphoid cells from the spleen and peritoneal cavity, but not in their corresponding IgM- IgT- non-lymphoid fractions. This suggests that the B cell restrictive expression of CD22 and CD79A extend down to the transcription level, which was consistent across different lymphoid compartments and immunoglobulin isotypes, thus strongly supporting the potential of CD22 and CD79A as pan-B cell markers for salmon. In addition, this study provides novel information on the salmon B cell surface protein repertoire, as well as insights on B cell evolution. Further investigation of the identified salmon CD molecules, including development of immunological tools for detection, will help advance our understanding of the dynamics of salmon B cell responses such as during infection, vaccination, or immunostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Michelle D Peñaranda
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingvill Jensen
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Linn G Tollersrud
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jack-Ansgar Bruun
- Tromsø University Proteomics Platform, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jorunn B Jørgensen
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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13
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Machado-Pineda Y, Cardeñes B, Reyes R, López-Martín S, Toribio V, Sánchez-Organero P, Suarez H, Grötzinger J, Lorenzen I, Yáñez-Mó M, Cabañas C. CD9 Controls Integrin α5β1-Mediated Cell Adhesion by Modulating Its Association With the Metalloproteinase ADAM17. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2474. [PMID: 30455686 PMCID: PMC6230984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin α5β1 is a crucial adhesion molecule that mediates the adherence of many cell types to the extracellular matrix through recognition of its classic ligand fibronectin as well as to other cells through binding to an alternative counter-receptor, the metalloproteinase ADAM17/TACE. Interactions between integrin α5β1 and ADAM17 may take place both in trans (between molecules expressed on different cells) or in cis (between molecules expressed on the same cell) configurations. It has been recently reported that the cis association between α5β1 and ADAM17 keeps both molecules inactive, whereas their dissociation results in activation of their adhesive and metalloproteinase activities. Here we show that the tetraspanin CD9 negatively regulates integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion by enhancing the cis interaction of this integrin with ADAM17 on the cell surface. Additionally we show that, similarly to CD9, the monoclonal antibody 2A10 directed to the disintegrin domain of ADAM17 specifically inhibits integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion to its ligands fibronectin and ADAM17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesenia Machado-Pineda
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cardeñes
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Soraya López-Martín
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Toribio
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Sánchez-Organero
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Henar Suarez
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joachim Grötzinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Inken Lorenzen
- Department of Structural Biology, Institute of Zoology, Kiel, Germany
| | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y OTR, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Vences-Catalán F, Levy S. Immune Targeting of Tetraspanins Involved in Cell Invasion and Metastasis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1277. [PMID: 29946318 PMCID: PMC6006414 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the ultimate consequence of cancer progression and the cause of patients’ death across different cancer types. Patients with initial diagnosis of distant disease have a worst 5-year survival compared to patients with localized disease. Therapies that target primary tumors fail to eradicate distant dissemination of cancer. Recently, immunotherapies have improved the survival of patients with metastatic disease, such as melanoma and lung cancer. However, only a fraction of patients responds to immunotherapy modalities that target the host immune system. The need to identify new druggable targets that inhibit or prevent metastasis is, therefore, much needed. Tetraspanins have emerged as key players in regulating cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. By serving as molecular adaptors that cluster adhesion receptors, signaling molecules, and cell surface receptors; tetraspanins are involved in all steps of the metastatic cascade. They regulate cell proliferation, participate in EMT transition, modulate integrin-mediated cell adhesion, and participate in angiogenesis and invasion processes. Tetraspanins have also been shown to modulate metastasis indirectly through exosomes and by regulating cellular interactions in the immune system. Importantly, targeting individual tetraspanin with antibodies has impacted tumor progression. This review will focus on the contribution of tetraspanins to the metastatic process and their potential as therapeutic tumor targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Vences-Catalán
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Shoshana Levy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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15
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Reyes R, Cardeñes B, Machado-Pineda Y, Cabañas C. Tetraspanin CD9: A Key Regulator of Cell Adhesion in the Immune System. Front Immunol 2018; 9:863. [PMID: 29760699 PMCID: PMC5936783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tetraspanin CD9 is expressed by all the major subsets of leukocytes (B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages, and immature and mature dendritic cells) and also at a high level by endothelial cells. As a typical member of the tetraspanin superfamily, a prominent feature of CD9 is its propensity to engage in a multitude of interactions with other tetraspanins as well as with different transmembrane and intracellular proteins within the context of defined membranal domains termed tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). Through these associations, CD9 influences many cellular activities in the different subtypes of leukocytes and in endothelial cells, including intracellular signaling, proliferation, activation, survival, migration, invasion, adhesion, and diapedesis. Several excellent reviews have already covered the topic of how tetraspanins, including CD9, regulate these cellular processes in the different cells of the immune system. In this mini-review, however, we will focus particularly on describing and discussing the regulatory effects exerted by CD9 on different adhesion molecules that play pivotal roles in the physiology of leukocytes and endothelial cells, with a particular emphasis in the regulation of adhesion molecules of the integrin and immunoglobulin superfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cardeñes
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yesenia Machado-Pineda
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y OTR (IO2), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Volz KR, Evans KD, Kanner CD, Buford JA, Freimer M, Sommerich CM, Basso DM. Molecular Ultrasound Imaging for the Detection of Neural Inflammation: A Longitudinal Dosing Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/8756479317736250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Molecular ultrasound imaging provides the ability to detect physiologic processes noninvasively by targeting a variety of biomarkers in vivo. The current study was performed by exploiting an inflammatory biomarker, P-selectin, known to be present following spinal cord injury. Using a murine model (n = 6), molecular ultrasound imaging was performed using contrast microbubbles modified to target and adhere to P-selectin, prior to spinal cord injury (0D), acute stage postinjury (7D), and chronic stage (42D). Additionally, two imaging sessions were performed on each subject at specific time points, using doses of 30 μL and 100 μL. Upon analysis, targeted contrast analysis parameters were appreciably increased during the 7D scan compared with the 42D scan, without statistical significance. When examining the dose levels, the 30-μL dose demonstrated greater values than the 100-μL dose but lacked statistical significance. These findings provide additional preclinical evidence for the use of molecular ultrasound imaging for the possible detection of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Volz
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kevin D. Evans
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - John A. Buford
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Miriam Freimer
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - D. Michele Basso
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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17
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Volz KR, Evans KD, Kanner CD, Buford JA, Freimer M, Sommerich CM. Molecular Ultrasound Imaging of the Spinal Cord for the Detection of Acute Inflammation. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/8756479317729671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular ultrasound imaging provides the ability to detect physiologic processes non-invasively by targeting a wide variety of biological markers in vivo. The current study investigates the novel application of molecular ultrasound imaging for the detection of neural inflammation. Using a murine model with acutely injured spinal cords (n=31), subjects were divided into four groups, each being administered ultrasound contrast microbubbles bearing antibodies against various known inflammatory molecules (P-selectin, vascular cell adhesion protein 1 [VCAM-1], intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [ICAM-1], and isotype control) during molecular ultrasound imaging. Upon administration of the targeted contrast agent, ultrasound imaging of the injured spinal cord was performed at 40MHz for seven minutes, followed by a bursting pulse. We observed significantly enhanced signals from contrast targeted to P-selectin and VCAM-1, using a variety of outcome measures. These findings provide preclinical evidence that molecular ultrasound imaging could be a useful tool in the detection of neural inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Volz
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kevin D. Evans
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - John A. Buford
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Miriam Freimer
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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18
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Shih CH, Chiang TB, Wang WJ. Convulxin, a C-type lectin-like protein, inhibits HCASMCs functions via WAD-motif/integrin-αv interaction and NF-κB-independent gene suppression of GRO and IL-8. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:234-244. [PMID: 28192121 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Convulxin (CVX), a C-type lectin-like protein (CLPs), is a potent platelet aggregation inducer. To evaluate its potential applications in angiogenic diseases, the multimeric CVX were further explored on its mode of actions toward human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs). The N-terminus of β-chain of CVX (CVX-β) contains a putative disintegrin-like domain with a conserved motif upon the sequence comparison with other CLPs. Importantly, native CVX had no cytotoxic activity as examined by electrophoretic pattern. A Trp-Ala-Asp (WAD)-containing octapeptide, MTWADAEK, was thereafter synthesized and analyzed in functional assays. In the case of specific integrin antagonists as positive controls, the anti-angiogenic effects of CVX on HCASMCs were investigated by series of functional analyses. CVX showed to exhibit multiple inhibitory activities toward HCASMCs proliferation, adhesion and invasion with a dose- and integrin αvβ3-dependent fashion. However, the WAD-octapeptide exerting a minor potency could also work as an active peptidomimetic. In addition, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated both the intact CVX and synthetic peptide can specifically interact with integrin-αv on HCASMCs and CVX was shown to have a down-regulatory effect on the gene expression of CXC-chemokines, such as growth-related oncogene and interleukin-8. According to nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 translocation assay and Western blotting analysis, the NF-κB activation was not involved in the signaling events of CVX-induced gene expression. In conclusion, CVX may act as a disintegrin-like protein via the interactions of WAD-motif in CVX-β with integrin-αv on HCASMCs and it also is a gene suppressor with the ability to diminish the expression of two CXC-chemokines in a NF-κB-independent manner. Indeed, more extensive investigations are needed and might create a new avenue for the development of a novel angiostatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ho Shih
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Tin-Bin Chiang
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wang
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Neurological Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
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19
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Volz KR, Evans KD, Kanner CD, Buford JA, Freimer M, Sommerich CM. Targeted Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Inflammation Detection. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/8756479316678616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is a form of nanotechnology that enables the noninvasive examination of biological processes in vivo. Radiopharmaceutical agents are used to target biochemical markers, permitting their detection and evaluation. Early visualization of molecular variations indicative of pathophysiological processes can aid in patient diagnoses and management decisions. Molecular imaging is performed by introducing into the body molecular probes, which are often contrast agents that have been nanoengineered to target and tether to molecules, thus enabling their radiologic identification. Through a nanoengineering process, ultrasound contrast agents can be targeted to specific molecules, extending ultrasound’s capabilities from the tissue to molecular level. Molecular ultrasound, or targeted contrast-enhanced ultrasound (TCEUS), has recently emerged as a popular molecular imaging technique due to its ability to provide real-time anatomic and functional information without ionizing radiation. However, molecular ultrasound represents a novel form of molecular imaging and consequently remains largely preclinical. This review explores the commonalities of TCEUS across several molecular targets and points to the need for standardization of kinetic behavior analysis. The literature underscores evidence gaps and the need for additional research. The application of TCEUS is unlimited but needs further standardization to ensure that future research studies are comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Volz
- College of Medicine, School of Health and Rehabilitation Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kevin D. Evans
- College of Medicine, School of Health and Rehabilitation Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher D. Kanner
- College of Medicine, School of Health and Rehabilitation Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John A. Buford
- College of Medicine, School of Health and Rehabilitation Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Miriam Freimer
- College of Medicine, School of Health and Rehabilitation Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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20
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Koliha N, Heider U, Ozimkowski T, Wiemann M, Bosio A, Wild S. Melanoma Affects the Composition of Blood Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Front Immunol 2016; 7:282. [PMID: 27507971 PMCID: PMC4960424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are specifically loaded with nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins from their parental cell. Therefore, the constitution of EVs reflects the type and status of the originating cell and EVs in melanoma patient’s plasma could be indicative for the tumor. Likewise, EVs might influence tumor progression by regulating immune responses. We performed a broad protein characterization of EVs from plasma of melanoma patients and healthy donors as well as from T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), and platelets using a multiplex bead-based platform. Using this method, we succeeded in analyzing 58 proteins that were differentially displayed on EVs. Hierarchical clustering of protein intensity patterns grouped EVs according to their originating cell type. The analysis of EVs from stimulated B cells and moDCs revealed the transfer of surface proteins to vesicles depending on the cell status. The protein profiles of plasma vesicles resembled the protein profiles of EVs from platelets, antigen-presenting cells and NK cells as shown by platelet markers, co-stimulatory proteins, and a NK cell subpopulation marker. In comparison to healthy plasma vesicles, melanoma plasma vesicles showed altered signals for platelet markers, indicating a changed vesicle secretion or protein loading of EVs by platelets and a lower CD8 signal that might be associated with a diminished activity of NK cells or T cells. As we hardly detected melanoma-derived vesicles in patient’s plasma, we concluded that blood cells induced the observed differences. In summary, our results question a direct effect of melanoma cells on the composition of EVs in melanoma plasma, but rather argue for an indirect influence of melanoma cells on the vesicle secretion or vesicle protein loading by blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Koliha
- R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH , Bergisch Gladbach , Germany
| | - Ute Heider
- R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH , Bergisch Gladbach , Germany
| | | | - Martin Wiemann
- Institute for Lung Health, IBE R&D gGmbH , Münster , Germany
| | - Andreas Bosio
- R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH , Bergisch Gladbach , Germany
| | - Stefan Wild
- R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH , Bergisch Gladbach , Germany
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21
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Rocha-Perugini V, Sánchez-Madrid F, Martínez Del Hoyo G. Function and Dynamics of Tetraspanins during Antigen Recognition and Immunological Synapse Formation. Front Immunol 2016; 6:653. [PMID: 26793193 PMCID: PMC4707441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) are specialized membrane platforms driven by protein–protein interactions that integrate membrane receptors and adhesion molecules. Tetraspanins participate in antigen recognition and presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) through the organization of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and their downstream-induced signaling, as well as the regulation of MHC-II–peptide trafficking. T lymphocyte activation is triggered upon specific recognition of antigens present on the APC surface during immunological synapse (IS) formation. This dynamic process is characterized by a defined spatial organization involving the compartmentalization of receptors and adhesion molecules in specialized membrane domains that are connected to the underlying cytoskeleton and signaling molecules. Tetraspanins contribute to the spatial organization and maturation of the IS by controlling receptor clustering and local accumulation of adhesion receptors and integrins, their downstream signaling, and linkage to the actin cytoskeleton. This review offers a perspective on the important role of TEMs in the regulation of antigen recognition and presentation and in the dynamics of IS architectural organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Rocha-Perugini
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Martínez Del Hoyo
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) , Madrid , Spain
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22
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Reyes R, Monjas A, Yánez-Mó M, Cardeñes B, Morlino G, Gilsanz A, Machado-Pineda Y, Lafuente E, Monk P, Sánchez-Madrid F, Cabañas C. Different states of integrin LFA-1 aggregation are controlled through its association with tetraspanin CD9. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2464-80. [PMID: 26003300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tetraspanin CD9 has been shown to interact with different members of the β1 and β3 subfamilies of integrins, regulating through these interactions cell adhesion, migration and signaling. Based on confocal microscopy co-localization and on co-immunoprecipitation results, we report here that CD9 associates with the β2 integrin LFA-1 in different types of leukocytes including T, B and monocytic cells. This association is resistant to stringent solubilization conditions which, together with data from chemical crosslinking, in situ Proximity Ligation Assays and pull-down experiments, suggest a primary/direct type of interaction mediated by the Large Extracellular Loop of the tetraspanin. CD9 exerts inhibitory effects on the adhesive function of LFA-1 and on LFA-1-dependent leukocyte cytotoxic activity. The mechanism responsible for this negative regulation exerted by CD9 on LFA-1 adhesion does not involve changes in the affinity state of this integrin but seems to be related to alterations in its state of aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Reyes
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Monjas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Yánez-Mó
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cardeñes
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Morlino
- Departamento de Biología Vascular e Inflamación, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Gilsanz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Esther Lafuente
- Departamento de Microbiología I, Area de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Monk
- University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Departamento de Biología Vascular e Inflamación, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología I, Area de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Beckwith KA, Byrd JC, Muthusamy N. Tetraspanins as therapeutic targets in hematological malignancy: a concise review. Front Physiol 2015; 6:91. [PMID: 25852576 PMCID: PMC4369647 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins belong to a family of transmembrane proteins which play a major role in the organization of the plasma membrane. While all immune cells express tetraspanins, most of these are present in a variety of other cell types. There are a select few, such as CD37 and CD53, which are restricted to hematopoietic lineages. Tetraspanins associate with numerous partners involved in a diverse set of biological processes, including cell activation, survival, proliferation, adhesion, and migration. The historical view has assigned them a scaffolding role, but recent discoveries suggest some tetraspanins can directly participate in signaling through interactions with cytoplasmic proteins. Given their potential roles in supporting tumor survival and immune evasion, an improved understanding of tetraspanin activity could prove clinically valuable. This review will focus on emerging data in the study of tetraspanins, advances in the clinical development of anti-CD37 therapeutics, and the future prospects of targeting tetraspanins in hematological malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Beckwith
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John C Byrd
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA ; Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA ; Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
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24
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Rocha-Perugini V, González-Granado JM, Tejera E, López-Martín S, Yañez-Mó M, Sánchez-Madrid F. Tetraspanins CD9 and CD151 at the immune synapse support T-cell integrin signaling. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1967-75. [PMID: 24723389 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how the immune response is activated and amplified requires detailed knowledge of the stages in the formation of the immunological synapse (IS) between T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We show that tetraspanins CD9 and CD151 congregate at the T-cell side of the IS. Silencing of CD9 or CD151 blunts the IL-2 secretion and expression of the activation marker CD69 by APC-conjugated T lymphocytes, but does not affect the accumulation of CD3 or actin to the IS, or the translocation of the microtubule-organizing center toward the T-B contact area. CD9 or CD151 silencing diminishes the relocalization of α4β1 integrin to the IS and reduces the accumulation of high-affinity β1 integrins at the cell-cell contact. These changes are accompanied by diminished phosphorylation of the integrin downstream targets FAK and ERK1/2. Our results suggest that CD9 and CD151 support integrin-mediated signaling at the IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Rocha-Perugini
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Vascular Biology and Inflammation Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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25
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Bell-Temin H, Zhang P, Chaput D, King MA, You M, Liu B, Stevens SM. Quantitative Proteomic Characterization of Ethanol-Responsive Pathways in Rat Microglial Cells. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2067-77. [DOI: 10.1021/pr301038f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harris Bell-Temin
- Department
of Cell Biology,
Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620,
United States
| | | | - Dale Chaput
- Department
of Cell Biology,
Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620,
United States
| | - Michael A. King
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1601 SW Archer Road, Gainesville,
Florida 32608, United States
| | - Min You
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology
and Physiology, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | | | - Stanley M. Stevens
- Department
of Cell Biology,
Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620,
United States
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26
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Multimolecular signaling complexes enable Syk-mediated signaling of CD36 internalization. Dev Cell 2013; 24:372-83. [PMID: 23395392 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD36 is a versatile receptor known to play a central role in the development of atherosclerosis, the pathogenesis of malaria, and the removal of apoptotic cells. Remarkably, the short cytosolically exposed regions of CD36 lack identifiable motifs, which has hampered elucidation of its mode of signaling. Using a combination of phosphoprotein isolation, mass spectrometry, superresolution imaging, and gene silencing, we have determined that the receptor induces ligand internalization through a heteromeric complex consisting of CD36, β1 and/or β2 integrins, and the tetraspanins CD9 and/or CD81. This receptor complex serves to link CD36 to the adaptor FcRγ, which bears an immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motif. By coupling to FcRγ, CD36 is able to engage Src-family kinases and Syk, which in turn drives the internalization of CD36 and its bound ligands.
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27
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Gilsanz A, Sánchez-Martín L, Gutiérrez-López MD, Ovalle S, Machado-Pineda Y, Reyes R, Swart GW, Figdor CG, Lafuente EM, Cabañas C. ALCAM/CD166 adhesive function is regulated by the tetraspanin CD9. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:475-93. [PMID: 23052204 PMCID: PMC11113661 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
ALCAM/CD166 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules (Ig-CAMs) which mediates intercellular adhesion through either homophilic (ALCAM-ALCAM) or heterophilic (ALCAM-CD6) interactions. ALCAM-mediated adhesion is crucial in different physiological and pathological phenomena, with particular relevance in leukocyte extravasation, stabilization of the immunological synapse, T cell activation and proliferation and tumor growth and metastasis. Although the functional implications of ALCAM in these processes is well established, the mechanisms regulating its adhesive capacity remain obscure. Using confocal microscopy colocalization, and biochemical and functional analyses, we found that ALCAM directly associates with the tetraspanin CD9 on the leukocyte surface in protein complexes that also include the metalloproteinase ADAM17/TACE. The functional relevance of these interactions is evidenced by the CD9-induced upregulation of both homophilic and heterophilic ALCAM interactions, as reflected by increased ALCAM-mediated cell adhesion and T cell migration, activation and proliferation. The enhancement of ALCAM function induced by CD9 is mediated by a dual mechanism involving (1) augmented clustering of ALCAM molecules, and (2) upregulation of ALCAM surface expression due to inhibition of ADAM17 sheddase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gilsanz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Sánchez-Martín
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Susana Ovalle
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yesenia Machado-Pineda
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Reyes
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guido W. Swart
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G. Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, University Medical Centre, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther M. Lafuente
- Departamento de Microbiología I (Inmunología), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología I (Inmunología), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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28
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Shih CH, Chiang TB, Wang WJ. Inhibition of integrins αv/α5-dependent functions in melanoma cells by an ECD-disintegrin acurhagin-C. Matrix Biol 2013; 32:152-9. [PMID: 23333557 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acurhagin-C, a Glu-Cys-Asp (ECD)-disintegrin from Agkistrodon acutus venom, has been reported as an endothelial apoptosis inducer, previously. Here we further evaluate its potential applications in cancer therapy. In vitro assays indicated that acurhagin-C not only may influence the cell viability at higher concentration, but also can potently and dose-dependently decrease cell proliferation in murine B16-F10 melanoma. Otherwise, it also had a dose-dependent inhibition on B16-F10 cell adhesion to extracellular matrices, collagen VI, gelatin B and fibronectin, as well as disturbed transendothelial migration of B16-F10 cell. Morphological study found that acurhagin-C dramatically affected B16-F10 cell adhesion to immobilized fibronectin, leading to the formation of multicellular aggregates with rounded shape. Detected by flow cytometry, acurhagin-C was able to induce B16-F10 cell apoptosis and alter cell cycle distribution through its interactions with integrins αv/α5, and thereafter initiation the apoptotic pathways of caspase-8/-9. Furthermore, acurhagin-C could synergistically enhance the anti-proliferative activity of methotrexate in B16-F10 cells and human melanoma SK-MEL-1 cells, without diminishing the growth of human epidermal melanocytes. Taken together, acurhagin-C proved to be a potent inhibitor of integrin-based functions in melanoma cells by activating the complex apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ho Shih
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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29
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Köberle M, Kaesler S, Kempf W, Wölbing F, Biedermann T. Tetraspanins in mast cells. Front Immunol 2012; 3:106. [PMID: 22783251 PMCID: PMC3346162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are key mediators of the immune system, most prominently known for their role in eliciting harmful allergic reactions. Mast cell mediator release (e.g. by degranulation) is triggered by FcεRI recognition of antigen – IgE complexes. Until today no therapeutic targeting of this and other mast cell activation pathways is established. Among possible new candidates there are tetraspanins that have been described on MC already several years ago. Tetraspanins are transmembrane proteins acting as scaffolds, mediating local clustering of their interaction partners, and thus amplify their activities. More recently, tetraspanins were also found to exert intrinsic receptor functions. Tetraspanins have been found to be crucial components of fundamental biological processes like cell motility and adhesion. In immune cells, they not only boost the effectiveness of antigen presentation by clustering MHC molecules, they are also key players in all kinds of degranulation events and immune receptor clustering. This review focuses on the contribution of tetraspanins clustered with FcεRI or residing in granule membranes to classical MC functions but also undertakes an outlook on the possible contribution of tetraspanins to newly described mast cell functions and discusses possible targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Köberle
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
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30
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Gutiérrez-López MD, Gilsanz A, Yáñez-Mó M, Ovalle S, Lafuente EM, Domínguez C, Monk PN, González-Alvaro I, Sánchez-Madrid F, Cabañas C. The sheddase activity of ADAM17/TACE is regulated by the tetraspanin CD9. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3275-92. [PMID: 21365281 PMCID: PMC11115118 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
ADAM17/TACE is a metalloproteinase responsible for the shedding of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and many other cell surface proteins involved in development, cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and proliferation. Despite the important biological function of ADAM17, the mechanisms of regulation of its metalloproteinase activity remain largely unknown. We report here that the tetraspanin CD9 and ADAM17 partially co-localize on the surface of endothelial and monocytic cells. In situ proximity ligation, co-immunoprecipitation, crosslinking, and pull-down experiments collectively demonstrate a direct association between these molecules. Functional studies reveal that treatment with CD9-specific antibodies or neoexpression of CD9 exert negative regulatory effects on ADAM17 sheddase activity. Conversely, CD9 silencing increased the activity of ADAM17 against its substrates TNF-α and ICAM-1. Taken together, our results show that CD9 associates with ADAM17 and, through this interaction, negatively regulates the sheddase activity of ADAM17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolores Gutiérrez-López
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Present Address: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Gilsanz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Ovalle
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther M. Lafuente
- Departamento de Microbiología I (Inmunología), Facultad de Medicina, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Domínguez
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter N. Monk
- University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Vascular e Inflamación, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología I (Inmunología), Facultad de Medicina, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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31
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Wang HX, Kolesnikova TV, Denison C, Gygi SP, Hemler ME. The C-terminal tail of tetraspanin protein CD9 contributes to its function and molecular organization. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:2702-10. [PMID: 21771881 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.085449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanin protein CD9 supports sperm-egg fusion, and regulates cell adhesion, motility, metastasis, proliferation and signaling. The large extracellular loop and transmembrane domains of CD9 engage in functionally important interactions with partner proteins. However, neither functional nor biochemical roles have been shown for the CD9 C-terminal tail, despite it being highly conserved throughout vertebrate species. To gain new insight into the CD9 tail, three C-terminal amino acids (Glu-Met-Val) were replaced with residues corresponding to C-terminal amino acids from tetraspanin protein CD82 (Pro-Lys-Tyr). Wild-type and mutant CD9 were then stably expressed in MOLT-4, K562, U937, RD and HT1080 cells. Whereas wild-type CD9 inhibited cell adhesion and spreading on fibronectin, mutant CD9 did not. Wild-type CD9 also promoted homotypic cell-cell aggregation and microvilli formation, whereas mutant CD9 did not. Protein interactions of wild-type and mutant CD9 were compared quantitatively using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) in conjunction with liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology. SILAC results showed that, despite wild-type and mutant CD9 having identical expression levels, mutant CD9 and its major transmembrane interacting partners were recovered in substantially reduced amounts from 1% Brij 96 lysates. Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that mutant CD9 recovery was decreased in Brij 96, but not in more stringent Triton X-100 detergent. Additionally, compared with wild-type CD9 complexes, mutant CD9 complexes were larger and more oligomerized in Brij 96 detergent, consistent with decreased Brij 96 solubility, perhaps due to more membrane domains packing more tightly together. In conclusion, multiple CD9 functions depend on its C-terminal tail, which affects the molecular organization of CD9 complexes, as manifested by their altered solubilization in Brij 96 and organization on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xing Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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32
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Chen Z, Gu S, Trojanowicz B, Liu N, Zhu G, Dralle H, Hoang-Vu C. Down-regulation of TM4SF is associated with the metastatic potential of gastric carcinoma TM4SF members in gastric carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2011; 9:43. [PMID: 21521534 PMCID: PMC3107803 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-9-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical significance of TM4SF members CD9, CD63 and CD82 in human gastric carcinoma. Methods By employing RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we studied the expression of CD9, CD63 and CD82 in 49 paired tissue specimens of normal gastric mucosa and carcinoma. All tissues were obtained from patients who underwent curative surgery. Results All normal gastric epithelium and gastric ulcer tissues strongly expressed transcripts and proteins of CD9, CD63 and CD82 as compared with corresponding controls. We found a significant correlation between CD63 mRNA level and different pM statuses (P = 0.036). Carcinomas in M0 stage revealed a stronger expression of CD63 than carcinomas in M1 stage. Expression of CD9 protein was found significantly stronger in pN0, pM0 than in advanced pN stages (P = 0.03), pM1 (P = 0.013), respectively. We found the relationship between CD63 expression, gender (p = 0.09) and nodal status (p = 0.028), respectively. Additionally, advanced and metastasized tumor tissues revealed significantly down-regulated CD82 protein expression (p = 0.033 and p = 0, respectively), which correlated with the tumor pTNM stage (p = 0.001). Conclusion The reduction of CD9, CD63 and CD82 expression are indicators for the metastatic potential of gastric carcinoma cells. Unlike their expression in other tumor types, the constitutive expression of CD63 may indicate that this factor does play a direct role in human gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The first affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou medical School, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR, China.
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Senapedis WT, Kennedy CJ, Boyle PM, Silver PA. Whole genome siRNA cell-based screen links mitochondria to Akt signaling network through uncoupling of electron transport chain. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:1791-805. [PMID: 21460183 PMCID: PMC3093329 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-10-0854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Akt activation sequesters FOXO1a away from its target genes and serves as an endpoint of a complex signaling network. A cell-based RNAi screen reveals an extensive network of genes, including UCP5, which directs nuclear localization of FOXO1a. Silencing of UCP5 disrupts the mitochondria and induces JNK1, creating a link to the Akt signaling network. Forkhead transcription factors (FOXOs) alter a diverse array of cellular processes including the cell cycle, oxidative stress resistance, and aging. Insulin/Akt activation directs phosphorylation and cytoplasmic sequestration of FOXO away from its target genes and serves as an endpoint of a complex signaling network. Using a human genome small interfering RNA (siRNA) library in a cell-based assay, we identified an extensive network of proteins involved in nuclear export, focal adhesion, and mitochondrial respiration not previously implicated in FOXO localization. Furthermore, a detailed examination of mitochondrial factors revealed that loss of uncoupling protein 5 (UCP5) modifies the energy balance and increases free radicals through up-regulation of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3). The increased superoxide content induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) kinase activity, which in turn affects FOXO localization through a compensatory dephosphorylation of Akt. The resulting nuclear FOXO increases expression of target genes, including mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. By connecting free radical defense and mitochondrial uncoupling to Akt/FOXO signaling, these results have implications in obesity and type 2 diabetes development and the potential for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Senapedis
- Department of Systems Biology and the Harvard University Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Rana S, Claas C, Kretz CC, Nazarenko I, Zoeller M. Activation-induced internalization differs for the tetraspanins CD9 and Tspan8: Impact on tumor cell motility. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 43:106-19. [PMID: 20937409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are most important intercellular communicators and tetraspanins/tetraspanin-complexes have been suggested to play an important role in exosomal target cell selection. We have shown that only exosomes expressing a Tspan8-CD49d complex preferentially bind endothelial cells, which initiates angiogenesis. This finding was unexpected as in the exosome donor cell Tspan8 is associated with CD49c and the tetraspanins CD9 and CD151. In view of the discussed therapeutic power of exosomes as message/drug transporter, it became important to clarify the mechanisms accounting for the distinct Tspan8-web in the cell membrane versus exosomes. We therefore compared the route of Tspan8 and Tspan8-chimera internalization, where the N- and/or C-terminal regions were exchanged with the corresponding regions of CD9 or CD151. Activation-induced Tspan8-internalization proceeds more rapidly than CD9 internalization and is accompanied by disassembly of the Tspan8-CD9-CD151 membrane complex in resting cells. Tspan8-internalization relies on the association of the Tspan8 N-terminal region with intersectin-2, a multimodular complex involved in clathrin-coated pit internalization. Internalization and recovery of Tspan8 in early endosomes is further promoted by the recruitment of CD49d such that only in PMA-activated cells a Tspan8-INS2-CD49d-clathrin complex is recovered in cholesterol-depletion-resistant membrane microdomains. PMA-induced Tspan8-internalization promotes cell migration, but reduces matrix and cell adhesion. Thus, stimulation initiates tetraspanin-web rearrangements, which have strong functional consequences for the cell, exosome-delivery and exosome target selection. This knowledge will be essential for generating tailored therapeutic exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyukta Rana
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
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Barreiro O, Aguilar RJ, Tejera E, Megías D, de Torres-Alba F, Evangelista A, Sánchez-Madrid F. Specific targeting of human inflamed endothelium and in situ vascular tissue transfection by the use of ultrasound contrast agents. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 2:997-1005. [PMID: 19679288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We used human umbilical cord segments as an ex vivo model to investigate the possible clinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications of microbubbles (MBs). BACKGROUND Microbubbles are commonly used in clinical practice as ultrasound contrast agents. Several studies have addressed the in vivo applications of MBs for specific targeting of vascular dysfunction or sonoporation in animal models, but to date no human tissue model has been established. METHODS Primary venular endothelial cell monolayers were targeted with MBs conjugated to an antibody against a highly expressed endothelial marker (tetraspanin CD9), and binding was assessed under increasing flow rates (0.5 to 5 dynes/cm(2)). Furthermore, CD9-coupled MB endothelial targeting was measured under flow conditions by contrast-enhanced ultrasound analysis in an ex vivo human macrovascular model (umbilical cord vein), and the same tissue model was used for the detection of inflamed vasculature with anti-intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1-coated MBs. Finally, plasmids encoding fluorescent proteins were sonoporated into umbilical cord vessels. RESULTS Specific endothelial targeting in the in vitro and ex vivo models described previously was achieved by the use of MBs covered with an anti-CD9. Furthermore, we managed to induce inflammation in umbilical cord veins and detect it with real-time echography imaging using anti-ICAM-1-coupled MBs. Moreover, expression and correct localization of green fluorescent protein and green fluorescent protein-tagged ICAM-1 were assessed in this human ex vivo model without causing vascular damage. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of clinical trials to test the benefits and possible applications of ultrasound contrast agents for molecular imaging and therapy, we have developed a novel ex vivo human model using umbilical cords that is valid for the detection of inflammation and for exogenous expression of proteins by sonoporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Barreiro
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Yáñez-Mó M, Barreiro O, Gordon-Alonso M, Sala-Valdés M, Sánchez-Madrid F. Tetraspanin-enriched microdomains: a functional unit in cell plasma membranes. Trends Cell Biol 2009; 19:434-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Akutsu H, Miura T, Machida M, Birumachi JI, Hamada A, Yamada M, Sullivan S, Miyado K, Umezawa A. Maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal ability of mouse embryonic stem cells in the absence of tetraspanin CD9. Differentiation 2009; 78:137-42. [PMID: 19716222 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the tetraspanin CD9 is necessary for membrane fusion between sperm and oocyte during fertilization. While knockout mice for CD9 are viable, CD9(-/-) females are sterile due to the inability of their oocytes to fuse with sperm. While CD9 is not essential for subsequent development, a role in embryonic stem (ES) cell self-renewal was hypothesised on the basis of two observations: CD9 is highly expressed in murine and human ES cells and the CD9-blocking antibody inhibits mouse ES cell colony formation and survival. To investigate whether CD9 has a direct effect on ES cells, we generated and characterised several CD9 knockout murine ES cell lines. These CD9(-/-) ES cell lines exhibited equivalent morphology and growth properties to wild-type ES cells. Furthermore, the CD9(-/-) ES cell lines also displayed similar expression of pluripotency factors Oct3/4, Sox2 and Nanog. CD9(-/-) ES cells were found to be pluripotent in vivo, as their cells injected into immunocompromised mice gave rise to teratomas consisting of tissues representative of all three germ layers. Additionally several high contribution mouse chimeras were generated by blastocyst injection with several CD9(-/-) ES cell lines. Taken together, our results reveal that CD9 is dispensable for mouse ES cell self-renewal and pluripotency. The generation of CD9(-/-) ES cells should prove to be a useful tool with which to study the function of this protein and a range of other associated cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Akutsu
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
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McCoy R, Hoare M, Ward S. Ultra scale-down studies of the effect of shear on cell quality; Processing of a human cell line for cancer vaccine therapy. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:1448-58. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chigaev A, Waller A, Amit O, Halip L, Bologa CG, Sklar LA. Real-time analysis of conformation-sensitive antibody binding provides new insights into integrin conformational regulation. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:14337-46. [PMID: 19251697 PMCID: PMC2682882 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m901178200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that regulate immune cell
adhesion. Integrin-dependent adhesion is controlled by multiple conformational
states that include states with different affinity to the ligand, states with
various degrees of molecule unbending, and others. Affinity change and
molecule unbending play major roles in the regulation of cell adhesion. The
relationship between different conformational states of the integrin is
unclear. Here we have used conformationally sensitive antibodies and a small
LDV-containing ligand to study the role of the inside-out signaling through
formyl peptide receptor and CXCR4 in the regulation of
α4β1 integrin conformation. We found that in
the absence of ligand, activation by formyl peptide or SDF-1 did not result in
a significant exposure of HUTS-21 epitope. Occupancy of the ligand binding
pocket without cell activation was sufficient to induce epitope exposure.
EC50 for HUTS-21 binding in the presence of LDV was identical to a
previously reported ligand equilibrium dissociation constant at rest and after
activation. Furthermore, the rate of HUTS-21 binding was also related to the
VLA-4 activation state even at saturating ligand concentration. We propose
that the unbending of the integrin molecule after guanine nucleotide-binding
protein-coupled receptor-induced signaling accounts for the enhanced rate of
HUTS-21 binding. Taken together, current results support the existence of
multiple conformational states independently regulated by both inside-out
signaling and ligand binding. Our data suggest that VLA-4 integrin hybrid
domain movement does not depend on the affinity state of the ligand binding
pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Chigaev
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
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Hemler ME. Targeting of tetraspanin proteins--potential benefits and strategies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2009; 7:747-58. [PMID: 18758472 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tetraspanin transmembrane proteins have emerged as key players in malignancy, the immune system, during fertilization and infectious disease processes. Tetraspanins engage in a wide range of specific molecular interactions, occurring through the formation of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). TEMs therefore serve as a starting point for understanding how tetraspanins affect cell signalling, adhesion, morphology, motility, fusion and virus infection. An abundance of recent evidence suggests that targeting tetraspanins, for example, by monoclonal antibodies, soluble large-loop proteins or RNAi technology, should be therapeutically beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Hemler
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, Massachussetts 02115, USA.
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Chapter 9 Endothelial Adhesive Platforms Organize Receptors to Promote Leukocyte Extravasation. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1063-5823(09)64009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Murayama Y, Shinomura Y, Oritani K, Miyagawa JI, Yoshida H, Nishida M, Katsube F, Shiraga M, Miyazaki T, Nakamoto T, Tsutsui S, Tamura S, Higashiyama S, Shimomura I, Hayashi N. The tetraspanin CD9 modulates epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2008; 216:135-43. [PMID: 18247373 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD9 is a member of the tetraspanins, and has been shown to be involved in a variety of cellular activities such as migration, proliferation, and adhesion. In addition, it has been known that CD9 can associate with other proteins. Here we demonstrated the physical and functional association of CD9 with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on MKN-28 cells. Double-immunofluorescent staining and immunoprecipitation demonstrated the complex formation of CD9-EGFR and CD9-beta(1) integrin, and that both complexes are colocalized on the cell surface especially at the cell-cell contact site. Anti-CD9 monoclonal antibody ALB6 induced a dotted or patch-like aggregation pattern of both CD9-EGFR and CD9-beta(1) integrin. The internalization of EGFR after EGF-stimulation was significantly enhanced by the treatment with ALB6. CD9 can associate with EGFR in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2/CD9) and Chinese hamster ovary cancer cells (CHO-HER/CD9), which were transfected with pTJ/human EGFR/CD9. Furthermore expression of CD9 specifically attenuated EGFR signaling in CHO-HER/CD9 cells through the down regulation of surface expression of EGFR. These results suggest that CD9 might have an important role that attenuates EGFR signaling. Therefore, CD9 not only associates EGFR but also a new regulator, which may affect EGF-induced signaling in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Murayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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Singethan K, Müller N, Schubert S, Lüttge D, Krementsov DN, Khurana SR, Krohne G, Schneider-Schaulies S, Thali M, Schneider-Schaulies J. CD9 clustering and formation of microvilli zippers between contacting cells regulates virus-induced cell fusion. Traffic 2008; 9:924-35. [PMID: 18363777 PMCID: PMC2992846 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Members of the tetraspanin family including CD9 contribute to the structural organization and plasticity of the plasma membrane. K41, a CD9-specific monoclonal antibody, inhibits the release of HIV-1 and canine distemper virus (CDV)- but not measles virus (MV)-induced cell-cell fusion. We now report that K41, which recognizes a conformational epitope on the large extracellular loop of CD9, induces rapid relocation and clustering of CD9 in net-like structures at cell-cell contact areas. High-resolution analyses revealed that CD9 clustering is accompanied by the formation of microvilli that protrude from either side of adjacent cell surfaces, thus forming structures like microvilli zippers. While the cellular CD9-associated proteins beta(1)-integrin and EWI-F were co-clustered with CD9 at cell-cell interfaces, viral proteins in infected cells were differentially affected. MV envelope proteins were detected within CD9 clusters, whereas CDV proteins were excluded from CD9 clusters. Thus, the tetraspanin CD9 can regulate cell-cell fusion by controlling the access of the fusion machinery to cell contact areas.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/ultrastructure
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/ultrastructure
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/ultrastructure
- CHO Cells
- Cell Communication
- Cell Fusion
- Cells, Cultured
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Distemper Virus, Canine/genetics
- Distemper Virus, Canine/pathogenicity
- Dogs
- Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Endothelial Cells/ultrastructure
- Endothelial Cells/virology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Measles virus/genetics
- Measles virus/pathogenicity
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/ultrastructure
- Microvilli/metabolism
- Microvilli/ultrastructure
- Tetraspanin 29
- Transfection
- Umbilical Veins/cytology
- Vero Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Singethan
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nora Müller
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Schubert
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Lüttge
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dimitry N Krementsov
- College of Medicine and CALS, University of Vermont, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Burlington, VT 05405-0084, USA
| | - Sandhya R Khurana
- College of Medicine and CALS, University of Vermont, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Burlington, VT 05405-0084, USA
| | - Georg Krohne
- Division of Electron Microscopy, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Thali
- College of Medicine and CALS, University of Vermont, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Burlington, VT 05405-0084, USA
| | - Jürgen Schneider-Schaulies
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
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Alvares SM, Dunn CA, Brown TA, Wayner EE, Carter WG. The role of membrane microdomains in transmembrane signaling through the epithelial glycoprotein Gp140/CDCP1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2008; 1780:486-96. [PMID: 18269919 PMCID: PMC4975934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Revised: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) via integrin adhesion receptors initiates signaling cascades leading to changes in cell behavior. While integrin clustering is necessary to initiate cell attachment to the matrix, additional membrane components are necessary to mediate the transmembrane signals and the cell adhesion response that alter downstream cell behavior. Many of these signaling components reside in glycosphingolipid-rich and cholesterol-rich membrane domains such as Tetraspanin Enriched Microdomains (TEMs)/Glycosynapse 3 and Detergent-Resistant Microdomains (DRMs), also known as lipid rafts. In the following article, we will review examples of how components in these membrane microdomains modulate integrin adhesion after initial attachment to the ECM. Additionally, we will present data on a novel adhesion-responsive transmembrane glycoprotein Gp140/CUB Domain Containing Protein 1, which clusters in epithelial cell-cell contacts. Gp140 can then be phosphorylated by Src Family Kinases at tyrosine 734 in response to outside-in signals-possibly through interactions involving the extracellular CUB domains. Data presented here suggests that outside-in signals through Gp140 in cell-cell contacts assemble membrane clusters that associate with membrane microdomains to recruit and activate SFKs. Active SFKs then mediate phosphorylation of Gp140, SFK and PKCdelta with Gp140 acting as a transmembrane scaffold for these kinases. We propose that the clustering of Gp140 and signaling components in membrane microdomains in cell-cell contacts contributes to changes in cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy M. Alvares
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, N.E. Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Clarence A. Dunn
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Dept. of Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Tod A. Brown
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | | | - William G. Carter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
- Dept. of Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Kotha J, Longhurst C, Appling W, Jennings LK. Tetraspanin CD9 regulates beta 1 integrin activation and enhances cell motility to fibronectin via a PI-3 kinase-dependent pathway. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:1811-22. [PMID: 18358474 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanin CD9 regulates cell motility and other adhesive processes in a variety of tissue types. Using transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary cells as our model system, we examined the cellular pathways critical for CD9 promoted cell migration. alpha 5 beta 1 integrin was directly involved as CD9 enhanced migration was abolished by the alpha 5 beta 1 blocking antibody PB1. Furthermore, the ligand mimetic peptide RGDS, significantly upregulated the expression of a beta1 ligand induced binding site (LIBS) demonstrating for the first time that CD9 expression potentiates beta1 integrin high affinity conformation states. CD9 promoted cell motility was significantly blocked by phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, whereas inhibitors targeting protein kinase C or mitogen-activated protein kinase had no effect. PI-3K dominant/negative cDNA transfections confirmed that PI-3K was an essential component. CD9 enhanced the phosphorylation of the PI-3K substrate, Akt, in response to cell adhesion on FN. CD9 expression also upregulated p130Cas phosphorylation and total protein levels; however, p130Cas siRNA knockdown did not alter the motile phenotype. CD9 enhanced migration was also unaffected by serum deprivation suggesting that growth factors were not critical. Our studies demonstrate that CD9 upregulates beta1 LIBS, and in concert with alpha 5 beta 1, enhances cell motility to FN via a PI-3K dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaprakash Kotha
- Vascular Biology Center of Excellence and the Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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46
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Ovalle S, Gutiérrez-López MD, Olmo N, Turnay J, Lizarbe MA, Majano P, Molina-Jiménez F, López-Cabrera M, Yáñez-Mó M, Sánchez-Madrid F, Cabañas C. The tetraspanin CD9 inhibits the proliferation and tumorigenicity of human colon carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:2140-52. [PMID: 17582603 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The implication of the tetraspanin CD9 in cancer has received much recent attention and an inverse correlation between CD9 expression and the metastatic potential and cancer survival rate has been established for different tumor types. In contrast to the well-established role of CD9 in metastasis, very little is known about the involvement of this tetraspanin in the process of development of primary tumors. In the present study, we present evidence on the implication of CD9 in colon carcinoma tumorigenesis. We report here that ectopic expression of CD9 in colon carcinoma cells results in enhanced integrin-dependent adhesion and inhibition of cell growth. Consistently with these effects, treatment of these cells with anti-CD9-specific antibodies resulted in (i) increased beta1 integrin-mediated cell adhesion through a mechanism involving clustering of integrin molecules rather than altered affinity; (ii) induction of morphological changes characterized by the acquisition of an elongated cell phenotype; (iii) inhibition of cell proliferation with no significant effect on cell survival; (iv) increased expression of membrane TNF-alpha, and finally (v) inhibition of the in vivo tumorigenic capacity in nude mice. In addition, through the use of selective blockers of TNF-alpha, we have demonstrated that this cytokine partly mediates the antiproliferative effects of CD9. These results clearly establish for the first time a role for CD9 in the tumorigenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ovalle
- Instituto de Farmacología y Toxicología (CSIC-UCM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Silvie O, Charrin S, Billard M, Franetich JF, Clark KL, van Gemert GJ, Sauerwein RW, Dautry F, Boucheix C, Mazier D, Rubinstein E. Cholesterol contributes to the organization of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains and to CD81-dependent infection by malaria sporozoites. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:1992-2002. [PMID: 16687736 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins constitute a family of widely expressed integral membrane proteins that associate extensively with one another and with other membrane proteins to form specific membrane microdomains distinct from conventional lipid rafts. So far, because of the lack of appropriate tools, the functionality of these microdomains has remained largely unknown. Here, using a new monoclonal antibody that only binds to the tetraspanin CD81 associated with other tetraspanins, we show that membrane cholesterol contributes to the organization of tetraspanin microdomains on the surface of live cells. Furthermore, our data demonstrate involvement of host membrane cholesterol during infection by Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, which both depend on host CD81 expression for invasion, but not during CD81-independent infection by Plasmodium berghei sporozoites. Our results unravel a functional link between CD81 and cholesterol during infection by malaria parasites, and illustrate that tetraspanin microdomains constitute a novel type of membrane microdomains that could be used by pathogens for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Silvie
- Inserm, U511, 91 Bd de l'Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France.
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48
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Forsberg EC, Prohaska SS, Katzman S, Heffner GC, Stuart JM, Weissman IL. Differential expression of novel potential regulators in hematopoietic stem cells. PLoS Genet 2006; 1:e28. [PMID: 16151515 PMCID: PMC1200425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic system is an invaluable model both for understanding basic developmental biology and for developing clinically relevant cell therapies. Using highly purified cells and rigorous microarray analysis we have compared the expression pattern of three of the most primitive hematopoietic subpopulations in adult mouse bone marrow: long-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), short-term HSC, and multipotent progenitors. All three populations are capable of differentiating into a spectrum of mature blood cells, but differ in their self-renewal and proliferative capacity. We identified numerous novel potential regulators of HSC self-renewal and proliferation that were differentially expressed between these closely related cell populations. Many of the differentially expressed transcripts fit into pathways and protein complexes not previously identified in HSC, providing evidence for new HSC regulatory units. Extending these observations to the protein level, we demonstrate expression of several of the corresponding proteins, which provide novel surface markers for HSC. We discuss the implications of our findings for HSC biology. In particular, our data suggest that cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions are major regulators of long-term HSC, and that HSC themselves play important roles in regulating their immediate microenvironment. Hematopoietic, or blood-forming, stem cells (HSC) are responsible for the continual replenishment of all blood cells throughout life. This ability to both renew themselves and give rise to expanded populations of differentiating and mature cells is a hallmark of stem cells and is therefore an area of intense research. The rarity of HSC as well as their location in the bone marrow environment has made it difficult to identify the genes that regulate these properties. The earliest stages of blood development begins with the long-term (LT) repopulating HSC that then differentiate into short-term (ST) repopulating HSC and non-self renewing multipotent progenitors (MPP). The authors investigated the gene expression differences in these highly purified populations that differ mainly in their capacity to self renew, and identified a number of genes specific to each of these populations. Intriguingly, many of these genes code for proteins that are involved in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions that were not previously identified on these populations. These novel discoveries will, together with future experiments, enhance our understanding of the basic biology of stem cells and their clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Camilla Forsberg
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, USA.
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49
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Huang CL, Ueno M, Liu D, Masuya D, Nakano J, Yokomise H, Nakagawa T, Miyake M. MRP-1/CD9 gene transduction regulates the actin cytoskeleton through the downregulation of WAVE2. Oncogene 2006; 25:6480-8. [PMID: 16682943 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Motility-related protein-1 (MRP-1/CD9) is involved in cell motility. We studied the change in the actin cytoskeleton, and the expression of actin-related protein (Arp) 2 and Arp3 and the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family according to MRP-1/CD9 gene transduction into HT1080 cells. The frequency of cells with lamellipodia was significantly lower in MRP-1/CD9-transfected HT1080 cells than in control HT1080 cells (P<0.0001). MRP-1/CD9 gene transduction affected the subcellular localization of Arp2 and Arp3 proteins. Furthermore, MRP-1/CD9 gene transduction induced a downregulation of WAVE2 expression (P<0.0001). However, no difference was observed in the expression of Arp2, Arp3 or other WASPs. A neutralizing anti-MRP-1/CD9 monoclonal antibody inhibited downregulation of WAVE2 in MRP-1/CD9-transfected HT1080 cells (P<0.0001), and reversed the morphological effects of MRP-1/CD9 gene transduction. Furthermore, downregulation of WAVE2 by transfection of WAVE2-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) mimicked the morphological effects of MRP-1/CD9 gene transduction and suppressed cell motility. However, transfection of each siRNA for Wnt1, Wnt2b1 or Wnt5a did not affect WAVE2 expression. Transfection of WAVE2-specific siRNA also did not affect expressions of these Wnts. These results indicate that MRP-1/CD9 regulates the actin cytoskeleton by downregulating of the WAVE2, through the Wnt-independent signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-L Huang
- The Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
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50
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Yang XH, Kovalenko OV, Kolesnikova TV, Andzelm MM, Rubinstein E, Strominger JL, Hemler ME. Contrasting effects of EWI proteins, integrins, and protein palmitoylation on cell surface CD9 organization. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:12976-85. [PMID: 16537545 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m510617200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CD9, a tetraspanin protein, makes crucial contributions to sperm egg fusion, other cellular fusions, epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, cell motility, and tumor suppression. Here we characterize a low affinity anti-CD9 antibody, C9BB, which binds preferentially to homoclustered CD9. Using mAb C9BB as a tool, we show that cell surface CD9 homoclustering is promoted by expression of alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4 integrins and by palmitoylation of the CD9 and beta4 proteins. Conversely, CD9 is shifted toward heteroclusters upon expression of CD9 partner proteins (EWI-2 and EWI-F) or other tetraspanins, or upon ablation of CD9 palmitoylation. Furthermore, unpalmitoylated CD9 showed enhanced EWI-2 association, thereby demonstrating a previously unappreciated role for tetraspanin palmitoylation, and underscoring how depalmitoylation and EWI-2 association may collaborate to shift CD9 from homo- to heteroclusters. In conclusion, we have used a novel molecular probe (mAb C9BB) to demonstrate the existence of multiple types of CD9 complex on the cell surface. A shift from homo- to heteroclustered CD9 may be functionally significant because the latter was especially obvious on malignant epithelial tumor cells. Hence, because of its specialized properties, C9BB may be more useful than other anti-CD9 antibodies for monitoring CD9 during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwei H Yang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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