1
|
Li D, Liu Y, Li C, Zhou Z, Gao K, Bao H, Yang J, Xue G, Yin D, Zhao X, Shen K, Zhang L, Li J, Li C, Song J, Zhao L, Pei Y, Xuan L, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Zhang ZR, Yang B, Li Y, Pan Z. Spexin Diminishes Atrial Fibrillation Vulnerability by Acting on Galanin Receptor 2. Circulation 2024; 150:111-127. [PMID: 38726666 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.067517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G protein-coupled receptors play a critical role in atrial fibrillation (AF). Spexin is a novel ligand of galanin receptors (GALRs). In this study, we investigated the regulation of spexin and GALRs on AF and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Global spexin knockout (SPX-KO) and cardiomyocyte-specific GALRs knockout (GALR-cKO) mice underwent burst pacing electrical stimulation. Optical mapping was used to determine atrial conduction velocity and action potential duration. Atrial myocyte action potential duration and inward rectifying K+ current (IK1) were recorded using whole-cell patch clamps. Isolated cardiomyocytes were stained with Fluo-3/AM dye, and intracellular Ca2+ handling was examined by CCD camera. A mouse model of AF was established by Ang-II (angiotensin II) infusion. RESULTS Spexin plasma levels in patients with AF were lower than those in subjects without AF, and knockout of spexin increased AF susceptibility in mice. In the atrium of SPX-KO mice, potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2 (KCNJ2) and sarcolipin (SLN) were upregulated; meanwhile, IK1 current was increased and Ca2+ handling was impaired in isolated atrial myocytes of SPX-KO mice. GALR2-cKO mice, but not GALR1-cKO and GALR3-cKO mice, had a higher incidence of AF, which was associated with higher IK1 current and intracellular Ca2+ overload. The phosphorylation level of CREB (cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein 1) was upregulated in atrial tissues of SPX-KO and GALR2-cKO mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed the recruitment of p-CREB to the proximal promoter regions of KCNJ2 and SLN. Finally, spexin treatment suppressed CREB signaling, decreased IK1 current and decreased intracellular Ca2+ overload, which thus reduced the inducibility of AF in Ang-II-infused mice. CONCLUSIONS Spexin reduces atrial fibrillation susceptibility by inhibiting CREB phosphorylation and thus downregulating KCNJ2 and SLN transcription by GALR2 receptor. The spexin/GALR2/CREB signaling pathway represents a novel therapeutic avenue in the development of agents against atrial fibrillation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Yang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology (Y. Liu, D.Y., X.Z., Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Changzhu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Kangyi Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Hairong Bao
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Jiming Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Genlong Xue
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China (G.X.)
| | - Dechun Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology (Y. Liu, D.Y., X.Z., Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Xinbo Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology (Y. Liu, D.Y., X.Z., Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Kewei Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Lingmin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Jialiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Chenhong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Jiahui Song
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Lexin Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Yao Pei
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Lina Xuan
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Zhi-Ren Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology (Y. Liu, D.Y., X.Z., Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation (Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Yue Li
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology (Y. Liu, D.Y., X.Z., Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation (Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Zhenwei Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology (Y. Liu, D.Y., X.Z., Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation (Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019 Research Unit 070, Harbin, China (Z.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rodríguez NA, Patel N, Dariolli R, Ng S, Aleman AG, Gong JQ, Lin HM, Rodríguez M, Josowitz R, Sol-Church K, Gripp KW, Lin X, Song SC, Fishman GI, Sobie EA, Gelb BD. HRAS-Mutant Cardiomyocyte Model of Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2024; 17:e012022. [PMID: 38415356 PMCID: PMC11021157 DOI: 10.1161/circep.123.012022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline HRAS gain-of-function pathogenic variants cause Costello syndrome (CS). During early childhood, 50% of patients develop multifocal atrial tachycardia, a treatment-resistant tachyarrhythmia of unknown pathogenesis. This study investigated how overactive HRAS activity triggers arrhythmogenesis in atrial-like cardiomyocytes (ACMs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells bearing CS-associated HRAS variants. METHODS HRAS Gly12 mutations were introduced into a human-induced pluripotent stem cells-ACM reporter line. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells were generated from patients with CS exhibiting tachyarrhythmia. Calcium transients and action potentials were assessed in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ACMs. Automated patch clamping assessed funny currents. HCN inhibitors targeted pacemaker-like activity in mutant ACMs. Transcriptomic data were analyzed via differential gene expression and gene ontology. Immunoblotting evaluated protein expression associated with calcium handling and pacemaker-nodal expression. RESULTS ACMs harboring HRAS variants displayed higher beating rates compared with healthy controls. The hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel inhibitor ivabradine and the Nav1.5 blocker flecainide significantly decreased beating rates in mutant ACMs, whereas voltage-gated calcium channel 1.2 blocker verapamil attenuated their irregularity. Electrophysiological assessment revealed an increased number of pacemaker-like cells with elevated funny current densities among mutant ACMs. Mutant ACMs demonstrated elevated gene expression (ie, ISL1, TBX3, TBX18) related to intracellular calcium homeostasis, heart rate, RAS signaling, and induction of pacemaker-nodal-like transcriptional programming. Immunoblotting confirmed increased protein levels for genes of interest and suppressed MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) activity in mutant ACMs. CONCLUSIONS CS-associated gain-of-function HRASG12 mutations in induced pluripotent stem cells-derived ACMs trigger transcriptional changes associated with enhanced automaticity and arrhythmic activity consistent with multifocal atrial tachycardia. This is the first human-induced pluripotent stem cell model establishing the mechanistic basis for multifocal atrial tachycardia in CS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson A. Rodríguez
- Mindich Child Health & Development Inst, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Nihir Patel
- Mindich Child Health & Development Inst, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Rafael Dariolli
- Dept of Pharmacological Sciences & Systems Biology Ctr New York, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Simon Ng
- Mindich Child Health & Development Inst, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Angelika G. Aleman
- Mindich Child Health & Development Inst, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jingqi Q.X. Gong
- Dept of Pharmacological Sciences & Systems Biology Ctr New York, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Hung-Mo Lin
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences (YCAS), New Haven, CT
| | - Matthew Rodríguez
- Mindich Child Health & Development Inst, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Rebecca Josowitz
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katia Sol-Church
- Dept of Pathology, Univ of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Karen W. Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics; Al duPont Hospital for Children/Nemours, Wilmington, DE
| | - Xianming Lin
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology; New York Univ School of Medicine
| | - Soomin C. Song
- Ion Lab, Dept of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Glenn I. Fishman
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology; New York Univ School of Medicine
| | - Eric A. Sobie
- Dept of Pharmacological Sciences & Systems Biology Ctr New York, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Bruce D. Gelb
- Mindich Child Health & Development Inst, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Depts of Pediatrics & Genetics and Genomic Sciences; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schröder LC, Frank D, Müller OJ. Transcriptional Targeting Approaches in Cardiac Gene Transfer Using AAV Vectors. Pathogens 2023; 12:1301. [PMID: 38003766 PMCID: PMC10675517 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac-targeted transgene delivery offers new treatment opportunities for cardiovascular diseases, which massively contribute to global mortality. Restricted gene transfer to cardiac tissue might protect extracardiac organs from potential side-effects. This could be mediated by using cis-regulatory elements, including promoters and enhancers that act on the transcriptional level. Here, we discuss examples of tissue-specific promoters for targeted transcription in myocytes, cardiomyocytes, and chamber-specific cardiomyocytes. Some promotors are induced at pathological states, suggesting a potential use as "induction-by-disease switches" in gene therapy. Recent developments have resulted in the identification of novel enhancer-elements that could further pave the way for future refinement of transcriptional targeting, for example, into the cardiac conduction system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena C. Schröder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.C.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Derk Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.C.S.); (D.F.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Oliver J. Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.C.S.); (D.F.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hunstiger M, Johannsen MM, Oliver SR. Non-shivering thermogenesis is differentially regulated during the hibernation season in Arctic ground squirrels. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1207529. [PMID: 37520836 PMCID: PMC10372343 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1207529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arctic ground squirrels are small mammals that experience physiological extremes during the hibernation season. Body temperature rises from 1°C to 40°C during interbout arousal and requires tight thermoregulation to maintain rheostasis. Tissues from wild-caught Arctic ground squirrels were sampled over 9 months to assess the expression of proteins key to thermogenic regulation. Animals were sacrificed while aroused, and the extensor digitorum longus, diaphragm, brown adipose tissue, and white adipose tissue were probed using Western blots to assess protein expression and blood was sampled for metabolite analysis. Significant seasonal expression patterns emerged showing differential regulation. Contrary to our prediction, white adipose tissue showed no expression of uncoupling protein 1, but utilization of uncoupling protein 1 peaked in brown adipose tissue during the winter months and began to taper after terminal arousal in the spring. The opposite was true for muscular non-shivering thermogenesis. Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1a and 2a expressions were depressed during the late hibernation season and rebounded after terminal arousal in diaphragm tissues, but only SERCA2a was differentially expressed in the extensor digitorum longus. The uncoupler, sarcolipin, was only detected in diaphragm samples and had a decreased expression during hibernation. The differential timing of these non-shivering pathways indicated distinct functions in maintaining thermogenesis which may depend on burrow temperature, availability of endogenous resources, and other seasonal activity demands on these tissues. These results could be impacted by fiber type makeup of the muscles collected, the body weight of the animal, and the date of entrance or exit from hibernation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moriah Hunstiger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Michelle Marie Johannsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - S. Ryan Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hassel KR, Brito-Estrada O, Makarewich CA. Microproteins: Overlooked regulators of physiology and disease. iScience 2023; 26:106781. [PMID: 37213226 PMCID: PMC10199267 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing efforts to generate a complete and accurate annotation of the genome have revealed a significant blind spot for small proteins (<100 amino acids) originating from short open reading frames (sORFs). The recent discovery of numerous sORF-encoded proteins, termed microproteins, that play diverse roles in critical cellular processes has ignited the field of microprotein biology. Large-scale efforts are currently underway to identify sORF-encoded microproteins in diverse cell-types and tissues and specialized methods and tools have been developed to aid in their discovery, validation, and functional characterization. Microproteins that have been identified thus far play important roles in fundamental processes including ion transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and stress signaling. In this review, we discuss the optimized tools available for microprotein discovery and validation, summarize the biological functions of numerous microproteins, outline the promise for developing microproteins as therapeutic targets, and look forward to the future of the field of microprotein biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keira R. Hassel
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Omar Brito-Estrada
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Catherine A. Makarewich
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Buhr A, Schiemann R, Meyer H. Neprilysin 4: an essential peptidase with multifaceted physiological relevance. Biol Chem 2023; 404:513-520. [PMID: 36653344 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neprilysins are highly conserved ectoenzymes that hydrolyze and thus inactivate signaling peptides in the extracellular space. Herein, we focus on Neprilysin 4 from Drosophila melanogaster and evaluate the existing knowledge on the physiological relevance of the peptidase. Particular attention is paid to the role of the neprilysin in regulating feeding behavior and the expression of insulin-like peptides in the central nervous system. In addition, we assess the function of the peptidase in controlling the activity of the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase in myocytes, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Buhr
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology Section, Osnabruck University, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabruck, Germany
| | - Ronja Schiemann
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology Section, Osnabruck University, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabruck, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Zoology and Developmental Biology Section, Osnabruck University, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabruck, Germany.,Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabruck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Skeletal and cardiac muscle calcium transport regulation in health and disease. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:232141. [PMID: 36413081 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In healthy muscle, the rapid release of calcium ions (Ca2+) with excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling, results in elevations in Ca2+ concentrations which can exceed 10-fold that of resting values. The sizable transient changes in Ca2+ concentrations are necessary for the activation of signaling pathways, which rely on Ca2+ as a second messenger, including those involved with force generation, fiber type distribution and hypertrophy. However, prolonged elevations in intracellular Ca2+ can result in the unwanted activation of Ca2+ signaling pathways that cause muscle damage, dysfunction, and disease. Muscle employs several calcium handling and calcium transport proteins that function to rapidly return Ca2+ concentrations back to resting levels following contraction. This review will detail our current understanding of calcium handling during the decay phase of intracellular calcium transients in healthy skeletal and cardiac muscle. We will also discuss how impairments in Ca2+ transport can occur and how mishandling of Ca2+ can lead to the pathogenesis and/or progression of skeletal muscle myopathies and cardiomyopathies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Schiemann R, Buhr A, Cordes E, Walter S, Heinisch JJ, Ferrero P, Milting H, Paululat A, Meyer H. Neprilysins regulate muscle contraction and heart function via cleavage of SERCA-inhibitory micropeptides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4420. [PMID: 35906206 PMCID: PMC9338278 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle contraction depends on strictly controlled Ca2+ transients within myocytes. A major player maintaining these transients is the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, SERCA. Activity of SERCA is regulated by binding of micropeptides and impaired expression or function of these peptides results in cardiomyopathy. To date, it is not known how homeostasis or turnover of the micropeptides is regulated. Herein, we find that the Drosophila endopeptidase Neprilysin 4 hydrolyzes SERCA-inhibitory Sarcolamban peptides in membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, thereby ensuring proper regulation of SERCA. Cleavage is necessary and sufficient to maintain homeostasis and function of the micropeptides. Analyses on human Neprilysin, sarcolipin, and ventricular cardiomyocytes indicates that the regulatory mechanism is evolutionarily conserved. By identifying a neprilysin as essential regulator of SERCA activity and Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes, these data contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms that control muscle contraction and heart function in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Schiemann
- Department of Zoology & Developmental Biology, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Annika Buhr
- Department of Zoology & Developmental Biology, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Eva Cordes
- Department of Zoology & Developmental Biology, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Stefan Walter
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück - CellNanOs, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Heinisch
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück - CellNanOs, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.,Department of Genetics, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Paola Ferrero
- Center for Cardiovascular Research - CONICET/National University of La Plata, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Heart & Diabetes Center NRW, University of Bochum, Erich & Hanna Klessmann-Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Achim Paululat
- Department of Zoology & Developmental Biology, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.,Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück - CellNanOs, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Department of Zoology & Developmental Biology, Osnabrück University, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany. .,Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück - CellNanOs, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nusier M, Shah AK, Dhalla NS. Structure-Function Relationships and Modifications of Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-Transport. Physiol Res 2022; 70:S443-S470. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a specialized tubular network, which not only maintains the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ at a low level but is also known to release and accumulate Ca2+ for the occurrence of cardiac contraction and relaxation, respectively. This subcellular organelle is composed of several phospholipids and different Ca2+-cycling, Ca2+-binding and regulatory proteins, which work in a coordinated manner to determine its function in cardiomyocytes. Some of the major proteins in the cardiac SR membrane include Ca2+-pump ATPase (SERCA2), Ca2+-release protein (ryanodine receptor), calsequestrin (Ca2+-binding protein) and phospholamban (regulatory protein). The phosphorylation of SR Ca2+-cycling proteins by protein kinase A or Ca2+-calmodulin kinase (directly or indirectly) has been demonstrated to augment SR Ca2+-release and Ca2+-uptake activities and promote cardiac contraction and relaxation functions. The activation of phospholipases and proteases as well as changes in different gene expressions under different pathological conditions have been shown to alter the SR composition and produce Ca2+-handling abnormalities in cardiomyocytes for the development of cardiac dysfunction. The post-translational modifications of SR Ca2+ cycling proteins by processes such as oxidation, nitrosylation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, sumoylation, and O GlcNacylation have also been reported to affect the SR Ca2+ release and uptake activities as well as cardiac contractile activity. The SR function in the heart is also influenced in association with changes in cardiac performance by several hormones including thyroid hormones and adiponectin as well as by exercise-training. On the basis of such observations, it is suggested that both Ca2+-cycling and regulatory proteins in the SR membranes are intimately involved in determining the status of cardiac function and are thus excellent targets for drug development for the treatment of heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - NS Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen, Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6 Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chambers PJ, Juracic ES, Fajardo VA, Tupling AR. The role of SERCA and sarcolipin in adaptive muscle remodeling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C382-C394. [PMID: 35044855 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00198.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarcolipin (SLN) is a small integral membrane protein that regulates the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump. When bound to SERCA, SLN reduces the apparent Ca2+ affinity of SERCA and uncouples SERCA Ca2+ transport from its ATP consumption. As such, SLN plays a direct role in altering skeletal muscle relaxation and energy expenditure. Interestingly, the expression of SLN is dynamic during times of muscle adaptation, where large increases in SLN content are found in response to development, atrophy, overload and disease. Several groups have suggested that increases in SLN, especially in dystrophic muscle, are deleterious to muscle function and exacerbate already abhorrent intracellular Ca2+ levels. However, there is also significant evidence to show that increased SLN content is a beneficial adaptive mechanism which protects the SERCA pump and activates Ca2+ signaling and adaptive remodeling during times of cell stress. In this review, we first discuss the role for SLN in healthy muscle during both development and overload, where SLN has been shown to activate Ca2+ signaling to promote mitochondrial biogenesis, fibre type shifts and muscle hypertrophy. Then, with respect to muscle disease, we summarize the discrepancies in the literature as to whether SLN upregulation is adaptive or maladaptive in nature. This review is the first to offer the concept of SLN hormesis in muscle disease, wherein both too much and too little SLN are detrimental to muscle health. Finally, the underlying mechanisms which activate SLN upregulation are discussed, specifically acknowledging a potential positive feedback loop between SLN and Ca2+ signaling molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paige J Chambers
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma S Juracic
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bilal AS, Thuerauf DJ, Blackwood EA, Glembotski CC. Design and Production of Heart Chamber-Specific AAV9 Vectors. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2573:89-113. [PMID: 36040589 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2707-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) is often used in heart research involving gene delivery due to its cardiotropism, high transduction efficiency, and little to no pathogenicity, making it highly applicable for gene manipulation, in vivo. However, current AAV9 technology is limited by the lack of strains that can selectively express and elucidate gene function in an atrial- and ventricular-specific manner. In fact, study of gene function in cardiac atria has been limited due to the lack of an appropriate tool to study atrial gene expression in vivo, hindering progress in the study of atrial-specific diseases such as atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac arrhythmia in the USA.This chapter describes the method for the design and production of such chamber-specific AAV9 vectors, with the use of Nppa and Myl2 promoters to enhance atrial- and ventricular-specific expression. While several gene promoter candidates were considered and tested, Nppa and Myl2 were selected for use here because of their clearly defined regulatory elements that confer cardiac chamber-specific expression. Accordingly, Nppa (-425/+25) and Myl2 (-226/+36) promoter fragments are inserted into AAV9 vectors. The atrial- and ventricular-specific expression conferred by these new recombinant AAV9 was confirmed in a double-fluorescent Cre-dependent reporter mouse model. At only 450 and 262 base pairs of Nppa and Myl2 promoters, respectively, these AAV9 that drive chamber-specific AAV9 transgene expression address two major limitations of AAV9 technology, i.e., achieving chamber-specificity while maximizing space in the AAV genome for insertion of larger transgenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina S Bilal
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Donna J Thuerauf
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Erik A Blackwood
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher C Glembotski
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu AY, Aguayo-Ortiz R, Guerrero-Serna G, Wang N, Blin MG, Goldstein DR, Michel Espinoza-Fonseca L. Homologous cardiac calcium pump regulators phospholamban and sarcolipin adopt distinct oligomeric states in the membrane. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 20:380-384. [PMID: 35035790 PMCID: PMC8748397 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholamban (PLN) and Sarcolipin (SLN) are homologous membrane proteins that belong to the family of proteins that regulate the activity of the cardiac calcium pump (sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, SERCA). PLN and SLN share highly conserved leucine zipper motifs that control self-association; consequently, it has been proposed that both PLN and SLN assemble into stable pentamers in the membrane. In this study, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and Western blot analysis to investigate the precise molecular architecture of the PLN and SLN oligomers. Analysis showed that the PLN pentamer is the predominant oligomer present in mouse ventricles and ventricle-like human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, in agreement with the MD simulations showing stable leucine zipper interactions across all protomer-protomer interfaces and MD replicates. Interestingly, we found that the PLN pentamer populates an asymmetric structure of the transmembrane region, which is likely an intrinsic feature of the oligomer in a lipid bilayer. The SLN pentamer is not favorably formed across MD replicates and species of origin; instead, SLN from human and mouse atria primarily populate coexisting dimeric and trimeric states. In contrast to previous studies, our findings indicate that the SLN pentamer is not the predominant oligomeric state populated in the membrane. We conclude that despite their structural homology, PLN and SLN adopt distinct oligomeric states in the membrane. We propose that the distinct oligomeric states populated by PLN and SLN may contribute to tissue-specific SERCA regulation via differences in protomer-oligomer exchange, oligomer-SERCA dynamics, and noise filtering during β-adrenergic stimulation in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Y. Liu
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Guerrero-Serna
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nulang Wang
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Muriel G. Blin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel R. Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - L. Michel Espinoza-Fonseca
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gharanei M, Shafaattalab S, Sangha S, Gunawan M, Laksman Z, Hove-Madsen L, Tibbits GF. Atrial-specific hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in drug discovery and disease modeling. Methods 2021; 203:364-377. [PMID: 34144175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and application of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been instrumental in the investigation of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Patient-specific hiPSCs can now be generated, genome-edited, and subsequently differentiated into various cell types and used for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, drug testing, toxicity screening, and 3D tissue generation. Modulation of the retinoic acid signaling pathway has been shown to direct cardiomyocyte differentiation towards an atrial lineage. A variety of studies have successfully differentiated patient-specific atrial cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-aCM) and atrial engineered heart tissue (aEHT) that express atrial specific genes (e.g., sarcolipin and ANP) and exhibit atrial electrophysiological and contractility profiles. Identification of protocols to differentiate atrial cells from patients with atrial fibrillation and other inherited diseases or creating disease models using genetic mutation studies has shed light on the mechanisms of atrial-specific diseases and identified the efficacy of atrial-selective pharmacological compounds. hiPSC-aCMs and aEHTs can be used in drug discovery and drug screening studies to investigate the efficacy of atrial selective drugs on atrial fibrillation models. Furthermore, hiPSC-aCMs can be effective tools in studying the mechanism, pathophysiology and treatment options of atrial fibrillation and its genetic underpinnings. The main limitation of using hiPSC-CMs is their immature phenotype compared to adult CMs. A wide range of approaches and protocols are used by various laboratories to optimize and enhance CM maturation, including electrical stimulation, culture time, biophysical cues and changes in metabolic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayel Gharanei
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Sanam Shafaattalab
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Sarabjit Sangha
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Marvin Gunawan
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Zachary Laksman
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leif Hove-Madsen
- Cardiac Rhythm and Contraction Group, IIBB-CSIC, CIBERCV, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08025, Spain
| | - Glen F Tibbits
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Departments of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bal NC, Gupta SC, Pant M, Sopariwala DH, Gonzalez-Escobedo G, Turner J, Gunn JS, Pierson CR, Harper SQ, Rafael-Fortney JA, Periasamy M. Is Upregulation of Sarcolipin Beneficial or Detrimental to Muscle Function? Front Physiol 2021; 12:633058. [PMID: 33732165 PMCID: PMC7956958 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.633058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcolipin (SLN) is a regulator of sarco/endo plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump and has been shown to be involved in muscle nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) and energy metabolism. Interestingly, SLN expression is significantly upregulated both during muscle development and in several disease states. However, the significance of altered SLN expression in muscle patho-physiology is not completely understood. We have previously shown that transgenic over-expression of SLN in skeletal muscle is not detrimental, and can promote oxidative metabolism and exercise capacity. In contrast, some studies have suggested that SLN upregulation in disease states is deleterious for muscle function and ablation of SLN can be beneficial. In this perspective article, we critically examine both published and some new data to determine the relevance of SLN expression to disease pathology. The new data presented in this paper show that SLN levels are induced in muscle during systemic bacterial (Salmonella) infection or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment. We also present data showing that SLN expression is significantly upregulated in different types of muscular dystrophies including myotubular myopathy. These data taken together reveal that upregulation of SLN expression in muscle disease is progressive and increases with severity. Therefore, we suggest that increased SLN expression should not be viewed as the cause of the disease; rather, it is a compensatory response to meet the higher energy demand of the muscle. We interpret that higher SLN/SERCA ratio positively modulate cytosolic Ca2+ signaling pathways to promote mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism to meet higher energy demand in muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh C Bal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Meghna Pant
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Danesh H Sopariwala
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Geoffrey Gonzalez-Escobedo
- Departments of Microbiology and Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joanne Turner
- Departments of Microbiology and Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - John S Gunn
- Departments of Microbiology and Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christopher R Pierson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Scott Q Harper
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jill A Rafael-Fortney
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chirikian O, Goodyer WR, Dzilic E, Serpooshan V, Buikema JW, McKeithan W, Wu H, Li G, Lee S, Merk M, Galdos F, Beck A, Ribeiro AJS, Paige S, Mercola M, Wu JC, Pruitt BL, Wu SM. CRISPR/Cas9-based targeting of fluorescent reporters to human iPSCs to isolate atrial and ventricular-specific cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3026. [PMID: 33542270 PMCID: PMC7862643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Generating cardiomyocytes (CMs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has represented a significant advance in our ability to model cardiac disease. Current differentiation protocols, however, have limited use due to their production of heterogenous cell populations, primarily consisting of ventricular-like CMs. Here we describe the creation of two chamber-specific reporter hiPSC lines by site-directed genomic integration using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. In the MYL2-tdTomato reporter, the red fluorescent tdTomato was inserted upstream of the 3′ untranslated region of the Myosin Light Chain 2 (MYL2) gene in order faithfully label hiPSC-derived ventricular-like CMs while avoiding disruption of endogenous gene expression. Similarly, in the SLN-CFP reporter, Cyan Fluorescent Protein (CFP) was integrated downstream of the coding region of the atrial-specific gene, Sarcolipin (SLN). Purification of tdTomato+ and CFP+ CMs using flow cytometry coupled with transcriptional and functional characterization validated these genetic tools for their use in the isolation of bona fide ventricular-like and atrial-like CMs, respectively. Finally, we successfully generated a double reporter system allowing for the isolation of both ventricular and atrial CM subtypes within a single hiPSC line. These tools provide a platform for chamber-specific hiPSC-derived CM purification and analysis in the context of atrial- or ventricular-specific disease and therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Chirikian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Biotechnology Graduate Program, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA.,Biomolecular, Science, and Engineering, University California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - William R Goodyer
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elda Dzilic
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636, Munich, Germany.,Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Technische Universität München, Lothstraße 11, 80636, Munich, Germany
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jan W Buikema
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley McKeithan
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - HaoDi Wu
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guang Li
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Soah Lee
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Markus Merk
- Biomolecular, Science, and Engineering, University California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Francisco Galdos
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aimee Beck
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Biotechnology Graduate Program, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | - Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Departments of Bioengineering and of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Sharon Paige
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Beth L Pruitt
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Departments of Bioengineering and of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sontayananon N, Redwood C, Davies B, Gehmlich K. Fluorescent PSC-Derived Cardiomyocyte Reporter Lines: Generation Approaches and Their Applications in Cardiovascular Medicine. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110402. [PMID: 33207727 PMCID: PMC7697758 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have made pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived cardiomyocytes an attractive option to model both normal and diseased cardiac function at the single-cell level. However, in vitro differentiation yields heterogeneous populations of cardiomyocytes and other cell types, potentially confounding phenotypic analyses. Fluorescent PSC-derived cardiomyocyte reporter systems allow specific cell lineages to be labelled, facilitating cell isolation for downstream applications including drug testing, disease modelling and cardiac regeneration. In this review, the different genetic strategies used to generate such reporter lines are presented with an emphasis on their relative technical advantages and disadvantages. Next, we explore how the fluorescent reporter lines have provided insights into cardiac development and cardiomyocyte physiology. Finally, we discuss how exciting new approaches using PSC-derived cardiomyocyte reporter lines are contributing to progress in cardiac cell therapy with respect to both graft adaptation and clinical safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naeramit Sontayananon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Charles Redwood
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Correspondence: (B.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.S.); (C.R.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Correspondence: (B.D.); (K.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhen Y. Reactivation of Atrium Genes Is a Primer for Heart Infarction or Regeneration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:575275. [PMID: 33244469 PMCID: PMC7683795 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.575275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The inability of the adult heart to repair or regenerate is manifested in prevalent morbidity and mortality related to myocardial infarction and heart failure. However, the cue to the reactivation of cardiomyocyte proliferation in the adult remains largely unknown. In the present study, three independent datasets were explored using bioinformatics analysis methods to solve the problem. Our results revealed that atrium genes were upregulated in response to the injury, which indicates the possible cell type withdraw and reinitiation of proliferation capability. Our findings might provide an alternative viewpoint on the cardiomyocyte regeneration or myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ciezarek A, Gardner L, Savolainen V, Block B. Skeletal muscle and cardiac transcriptomics of a regionally endothermic fish, the Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:642. [PMID: 32942994 PMCID: PMC7499911 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) is a regionally endothermic fish that maintains temperatures in their swimming musculature, eyes, brain and viscera above that of the ambient water. Within their skeletal muscle, a thermal gradient exists, with deep muscles, close to the backbone, operating at elevated temperatures compared to superficial muscles near the skin. Their heart, by contrast, operates at ambient temperature, which in bluefin tunas can range widely. Cardiac function in tunas reduces in cold waters, yet the heart must continue to supply blood for metabolically demanding endothermic tissues. Physiological studies indicate Pacific bluefin tuna have an elevated cardiac capacity and increased cold-tolerance compared to warm-water tuna species, primarily enabled by increased capacity for sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling within the cardiac muscles. Results Here, we compare tissue-specific gene-expression profiles of different cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues in Pacific bluefin tuna. There was little difference in the overall expression of calcium-cycling and cardiac contraction pathways between atrium and ventricle. However, expression of a key sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-cycling gene, SERCA2b, which plays a key role maintaining intracellular calcium stores, was higher in atrium than ventricle. Expression of genes involved in aerobic metabolism and cardiac contraction were higher in the ventricle than atrium. The two morphologically distinct tissues that derive the ventricle, spongy and compact myocardium, had near-identical levels of gene expression. More genes had higher expression in the cool, superficial muscle than in the warm, deep muscle in both the aerobic red muscle (slow-twitch) and anaerobic white muscle (fast-twitch), suggesting thermal compensation. Conclusions We find evidence of widespread transcriptomic differences between the Pacific tuna ventricle and atrium, with potentially higher rates of calcium cycling in the atrium associated with the higher expression of SERCA2b compared to the ventricle. We find no evidence that genes associated with thermogenesis are upregulated in the deep, warm muscle compared to superficial, cool muscle. Heat generation may be enabled by by the high aerobic capacity of bluefin tuna red muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ciezarek
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK. .,Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
| | - Luke Gardner
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Savolainen
- Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Barbara Block
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Devalla HD, Passier R. Cardiac differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and implications for modeling the heart in health and disease. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/435/eaah5457. [PMID: 29618562 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aah5457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular models comprising cardiac cell types derived from human pluripotent stem cells are valuable for studying heart development and disease. We discuss transcriptional differences that define cellular identity in the heart, current methods for generating different cardiomyocyte subtypes, and implications for disease modeling, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsha D Devalla
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, Netherlands. .,Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hoff K, Lemme M, Kahlert AK, Runde K, Audain E, Schuster D, Scheewe J, Attmann T, Pickardt T, Caliebe A, Siebert R, Kramer HH, Milting H, Hansen A, Ammerpohl O, Hitz MP. DNA methylation profiling allows for characterization of atrial and ventricular cardiac tissues and hiPSC-CMs. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:89. [PMID: 31186048 PMCID: PMC6560887 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac disease modelling using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) requires thorough insight into cardiac cell type differentiation processes. However, current methods to discriminate different cardiac cell types are mostly time-consuming, are costly and often provide imprecise phenotypic evaluation. DNA methylation plays a critical role during early heart development and cardiac cellular specification. We therefore investigated the DNA methylation pattern in different cardiac tissues to identify CpG loci for further cardiac cell type characterization. Results An array-based genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips led to the identification of 168 differentially methylated CpG loci in atrial and ventricular human heart tissue samples (n = 49) from different patients with congenital heart defects (CHD). Systematic evaluation of atrial-ventricular DNA methylation pattern in cardiac tissues in an independent sample cohort of non-failing donor hearts and cardiac patients using bisulfite pyrosequencing helped us to define a subset of 16 differentially methylated CpG loci enabling precise characterization of human atrial and ventricular cardiac tissue samples. This defined set of reproducible cardiac tissue-specific DNA methylation sites allowed us to consistently detect the cellular identity of hiPSC-CM subtypes. Conclusion Testing DNA methylation of only a small set of defined CpG sites thus makes it possible to distinguish atrial and ventricular cardiac tissues and cardiac atrial and ventricular subtypes of hiPSC-CMs. This method represents a rapid and reliable system for phenotypic characterization of in vitro-generated cardiomyocytes and opens new opportunities for cardiovascular research and patient-specific therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0679-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Hoff
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marta Lemme
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Karin Kahlert
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Genetics, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Runde
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Enrique Audain
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorit Schuster
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jens Scheewe
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Attmann
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Pickardt
- National Register for Congenital Heart Defects, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.,Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Almuth Caliebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans-Heiner Kramer
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ole Ammerpohl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc-Phillip Hitz
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany. .,Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. .,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhan R, Li X, Guo W, Liu X, Liu Z, Xu K, Tang B. An Aptamer-Based Near-Infrared Fluorescence Nanoprobe for Detecting and Imaging of Phospholamban Micropeptide in Cardiomyocytes. ACS Sens 2019; 4:733-739. [PMID: 30777430 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that micropeptides encoded by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act independently or as regulators of larger proteins in fundamental biological processes, especially in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. However, due to their small size and low intracellular expression, visual monitoring of micropeptides in living cells is still a challenge. In this work, we have designed and synthesized an aptamer-based near-infrared fluorescence nanoprobe for fluorescence imaging of phospholamban (PLN), which is an intracellular micropeptide that affects calcium homeostasis, and is closely associated with human heart failure in the clinic. The nanoprobe could respond specifically to PLN with excellent selectivity, high sensitivity, good nuclease stability, and biocompatibility, and it was successfully applied for imaging of changes in PLN levels in cardiomyocytes and in frozen sections of heart tissues. Further combined with clinical myocardial biopsy, we believe that the developed nanoprobe should be of great significance in later molecular pathology study of heart failure, which may help with diagnosis of early heart failure in the future. More importantly, for the first time nanoprobes were applied to visually monitor the changes of micropeptides in living cells and in frozen tissue sections, and the design concept of the aptamer-based nanoprobe can be extended to fluorescence detection of other micropeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renhui Zhan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
- Medicine & Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, Yantai 264003, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wenfei Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Zhixian Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Kehua Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yoo J, Kohlbrenner E, Kim O, Hajjar RJ, Jeong D. Enhancing atrial-specific gene expression using a calsequestrin cis-regulatory module 4 with a sarcolipin promoter. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3060. [PMID: 30393908 PMCID: PMC6519042 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac gene therapy using the adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 vector is widely used because of its efficient transduction. However, the promoters used to drive expression often cause off‐target localization. To overcome this, studies have applied cardiac‐specific promoters, although expression is debilitated compared to that of ubiquitous promoters. To address these issues in the context of atrial‐specific gene expression, an enhancer calsequestrin cis‐regulatory module 4 (CRM4) and the highly atrial‐specific promoter sarcolipin were combined to enhance expression and minimize off tissue expression. Methods To observe expression and bio‐distribution, constructs were generated using two different reporter genes: luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The ubiquitous cytomegalovirus (CMV), sarcolipin (SLN) and CRM4 combined with sarcolipin (CRM4.SLN) were compared and analyzed using the luciferase assay, western blotting, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence imaging. Results The CMV promoter containing vectors showed the strongest expression in vitro and in vivo. However, the module SLN combination showed enhanced atrial expression and a minimized off‐target effect even when compared with the individual SLN promoter. Conclusions For gene therapy involving atrial gene transfer, the CRM4.SLN combination is a promising alternative to the use of the CMV promoter. CRM4.SLN had significant atrial expression and minimized extra‐atrial expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimeen Yoo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erik Kohlbrenner
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Okkil Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dongtak Jeong
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Johnson EK, Matkovich SJ, Nerbonne JM. Regional Differences in mRNA and lncRNA Expression Profiles in Non-Failing Human Atria and Ventricles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13919. [PMID: 30224797 PMCID: PMC6141608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The four chambers of the human heart play distinct roles in the maintenance of normal cardiac function, and are differentially affected by inherited/acquired cardiovascular disease. To probe the molecular determinants of these functional differences, we examined mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles in the left (LA) and right (RA) atria, the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles, and the interventricular septum (IVS) of non-failing human hearts (N = 8). Analysis of paired atrial and ventricular samples (n = 40) identified 5,747 mRNAs and 2,794 lncRNAs that were differentially (>1.5 fold; FDR < 0.05) expressed. The largest differences were observed in comparisons between the atrial (RA/LA) and ventricular (RV/LV/IVS) samples. In every case (e.g., LA vs LV, LA vs RV, etc.), >2,300 mRNAs and >1,200 lncRNAs, corresponding to 17-28% of the total transcripts, were differentially expressed. Heterogeneities in mRNA/lncRNA expression profiles in the LA and RA, as well as in the LV, RV and IVS, were also revealed, although the numbers of differentially expressed transcripts were substantially smaller. Gender differences in mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles were also evident in non-failing human atria and ventricles. Gene ontology classification of differentially expressed gene sets revealed chamber-specific enrichment of numerous signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric K Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Scot J Matkovich
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jeanne M Nerbonne
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dong J, Gao C, Liu J, Cao Y, Tian L. TSH inhibits SERCA2a and the PKA/PLN pathway in rat cardiomyocytes. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39207-39215. [PMID: 27206677 PMCID: PMC5129926 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels often accompany impaired LV diastolic function and subtle systolic dysfunction in subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT). These cardiac dysfunctions are characterized by increases in mean aortic acceleration and pre-ejection/ejection time ratios. To explore the mechanism underlying these pathologies, we investigated the effects of TSH on sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a) activity and expression in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. TSH inhibited SERCA2a activity and expression by binding to TSH receptors in cardiomyocyte membranes and inhibiting the protein kinase A/phoshpolamban (PKA/PLN) signaling pathway. These results suggest that increases in serum TSH levels contribute to the development of cardiac diastolic and systolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Cuixia Gao
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yunshan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Limin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schwach V, Verkerk AO, Mol M, Monshouwer-Kloots JJ, Devalla HD, Orlova VV, Anastassiadis K, Mummery CL, Davis RP, Passier R. A COUP-TFII Human Embryonic Stem Cell Reporter Line to Identify and Select Atrial Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1765-1779. [PMID: 29173897 PMCID: PMC5785710 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reporter cell lines have already proven valuable in identifying, tracking, and purifying cardiac subtypes and progenitors during differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). We previously showed that chick ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) is highly enriched in human atrial cardiomyocytes (CMs), but not ventricular. Here, we targeted mCherry to the COUP-TFII genomic locus in hPSCs expressing GFP from the NKX2.5 locus. This dual atrial NKX2.5EGFP/+-COUP-TFIImCherry/+ reporter line allowed identification and selection of GFP+ (G+)/mCherry+ (M+) CMs following cardiac differentiation. These cells exhibited transcriptional and functional properties of atrial CMs, whereas G+/M− CMs displayed ventricular characteristics. Via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout, we demonstrated that COUP-TFII is not required for atrial specification in hPSCs. This new tool allowed selection of human atrial and ventricular CMs from mixed populations, of relevance for studying cardiac specification, developing human atrial disease models, and examining distinct effects of drugs on the atrium versus ventricle. Dual NKX2.5EGFP/+-COUP-TFIImCherry/+ hPSCs to identify atrial cardiomyocytes COUP-TFII is not required for atrial specification of hPSCs in vitro
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Schwach
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mervyn Mol
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Harsha D Devalla
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Valeria V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Twente, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Takahashi N, Kimura AP, Naito S, Yoshida M, Kumano O, Suzuki T, Itaya S, Moriya M, Tsuji M, Ieko M. Sarcolipin expression is repressed by endoplasmic reticulum stress in C2C12 myotubes. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 73:531-538. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
27
|
Kane C, Terracciano CMN. Concise Review: Criteria for Chamber-Specific Categorization of Human Cardiac Myocytes Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1881-1897. [PMID: 28577296 PMCID: PMC5575566 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (PSC‐CMs) have great potential application in almost all areas of cardiovascular research. A current major goal of the field is to build on the past success of differentiation strategies to produce CMs with the properties of those originating from the different chambers of the adult human heart. With no anatomical origin or developmental pathway to draw on, the question of how to judge the success of such approaches and assess the chamber specificity of PSC‐CMs has become increasingly important; commonly used methods have substantial limitations and are based on limited evidence to form such an assessment. In this article, we discuss the need for chamber‐specific PSC‐CMs in a number of areas as well as current approaches used to assess these cells on their likeness to those from different chambers of the heart. Furthermore, describing in detail the structural and functional features that distinguish the different chamber‐specific human adult cardiac myocytes, we propose an evidence‐based tool to aid investigators in the phenotypic characterization of differentiated PSC‐CMs. Stem Cells2017;35:1881–1897
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kane
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cesare M N Terracciano
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Structure-Function Relationship of the SERCA Pump and Its Regulation by Phospholamban and Sarcolipin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 981:77-119. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55858-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
29
|
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias can follow disruption of the normal cellular electrophysiological processes underlying excitable activity and their tissue propagation as coherent wavefronts from the primary sinoatrial node pacemaker, through the atria, conducting structures and ventricular myocardium. These physiological events are driven by interacting, voltage-dependent, processes of activation, inactivation, and recovery in the ion channels present in cardiomyocyte membranes. Generation and conduction of these events are further modulated by intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and metabolic and structural change. This review describes experimental studies on murine models for known clinical arrhythmic conditions in which these mechanisms were modified by genetic, physiological, or pharmacological manipulation. These exemplars yielded molecular, physiological, and structural phenotypes often directly translatable to their corresponding clinical conditions, which could be investigated at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and whole animal levels. Arrhythmogenesis could be explored during normal pacing activity, regular stimulation, following imposed extra-stimuli, or during progressively incremented steady pacing frequencies. Arrhythmic substrate was identified with temporal and spatial functional heterogeneities predisposing to reentrant excitation phenomena. These could arise from abnormalities in cardiac pacing function, tissue electrical connectivity, and cellular excitation and recovery. Triggering events during or following recovery from action potential excitation could thereby lead to sustained arrhythmia. These surface membrane processes were modified by alterations in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and energetics, as well as cellular and tissue structural change. Study of murine systems thus offers major insights into both our understanding of normal cardiac activity and its propagation, and their relationship to mechanisms generating clinical arrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L-H Huang
- Physiological Laboratory and the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Anderson DM, Makarewich CA, Anderson KM, Shelton JM, Bezprozvannaya S, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. Widespread control of calcium signaling by a family of SERCA-inhibiting micropeptides. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra119. [PMID: 27923914 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaj1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Micropeptides function as master regulators of calcium-dependent signaling in muscle. Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), the membrane pump that promotes muscle relaxation by taking up Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, is directly inhibited by three muscle-specific micropeptides: myoregulin (MLN), phospholamban (PLN), and sarcolipin (SLN). The widespread and essential function of SERCA across diverse cell types has raised questions as to how SERCA is regulated in cells that lack MLN, PLN, and SLN. We identified two transmembrane micropeptides, endoregulin (ELN) and another-regulin (ALN), that share key amino acids with their muscle-specific counterparts and function as direct inhibitors of SERCA pump activity. The distribution of transcripts encoding ELN and ALN mirrored that of SERCA isoform-encoding transcripts in nonmuscle cell types. Our findings identify additional members of the SERCA-inhibitory micropeptide family, revealing a conserved mechanism for the control of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics in both muscle and nonmuscle cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Anderson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. .,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Catherine A Makarewich
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kelly M Anderson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John M Shelton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Svetlana Bezprozvannaya
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. .,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shimura D, Kusakari Y, Sasano T, Nakashima Y, Nakai G, Jiao Q, Jin M, Yokota T, Ishikawa Y, Nakano A, Goda N, Minamisawa S. Heterozygous deletion of sarcolipin maintains normal cardiac function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H92-103. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00411.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sarcolipin (SLN) is a small proteolipid and a regulator of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. In heart tissue, SLN is exclusively expressed in the atrium. Previously, we inserted Cre recombinase into the endogenous SLN locus by homologous recombination and succeeded in generating SLN-Cre knockin (SlnCre/+) mice. This SlnCre/+ mouse can be used to generate an atrium-specific gene-targeting mutant, and it is based on the Cre-loxP system. In the present study, we used adult SlnCre/+ mice atria and analyzed the effects of heterozygous SLN deletion by Cre knockin before use as the gene targeting mouse. Both SLN mRNA and protein levels were decreased in SlnCre/+ mouse atria, but there were no morphological, physiological, or molecular biological abnormalities. The properties of contractility and Ca2+ handling were similar to wild-type (WT) mice, and expression levels of several stress markers and sarcoplasmic reticulum-related protein levels were not different between SlnCre/+ and WT mice. Moreover, there was no significant difference in sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase activity between the two groups. We showed that SlnCre/+ mice were not significantly different from WT mice in all aspects that were examined. The present study provides basic characteristics of SlnCre/+ mice and possibly information on the usefulness of SlnCre/+ mice as an atrium-specific gene-targeting model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Shimura
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kusakari
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sasano
- Department of Biofunctional Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Gaku Nakai
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qibin Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Institute of Ageing Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meihua Jin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yokota
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California; and
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nobuhito Goda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Devalla HD, Schwach V, Ford JW, Milnes JT, El-Haou S, Jackson C, Gkatzis K, Elliott DA, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Mummery CL, Verkerk AO, Passier R. Atrial-like cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells are a robust preclinical model for assessing atrial-selective pharmacology. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:394-410. [PMID: 25700171 PMCID: PMC4403042 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs targeting atrial-specific ion channels, Kv1.5 or Kir3.1/3.4, are being developed as new therapeutic strategies for atrial fibrillation. However, current preclinical studies carried out in non-cardiac cell lines or animal models may not accurately represent the physiology of a human cardiomyocyte (CM). In the current study, we tested whether human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived atrial CMs could predict atrial selectivity of pharmacological compounds. By modulating retinoic acid signaling during hESC differentiation, we generated atrial-like (hESC-atrial) and ventricular-like (hESC-ventricular) CMs. We found the expression of atrial-specific ion channel genes, KCNA5 (encoding Kv1.5) and KCNJ3 (encoding Kir 3.1), in hESC-atrial CMs and further demonstrated that these ion channel genes are regulated by COUP-TF transcription factors. Moreover, in response to multiple ion channel blocker, vernakalant, and Kv1.5 blocker, XEN-D0101, hESC-atrial but not hESC-ventricular CMs showed action potential (AP) prolongation due to a reduction in early repolarization. In hESC-atrial CMs, XEN-R0703, a novel Kir3.1/3.4 blocker restored the AP shortening caused by CCh. Neither CCh nor XEN-R0703 had an effect on hESC-ventricular CMs. In summary, we demonstrate that hESC-atrial CMs are a robust model for pre-clinical testing to assess atrial selectivity of novel antiarrhythmic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsha D Devalla
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Schwach
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Konstantinos Gkatzis
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Susana M Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jiao Q, Sanbe A, Zhang X, Liu JP, Minamisawa S. αB-Crystallin R120G variant causes cardiac arrhythmias and alterations in the expression of Ca(2+) -handling proteins and endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 41:589-99. [PMID: 24825000 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of αB-crystallin (CryαB), a small heat shock protein abundantly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles, are known to cause desmin-related myopathies. The CryαB R120G allele has been linked to a familial desminopathy and, in transgenic mice, causes a sudden death at about 28 weeks of age. To investigate the mechanisms of the sudden cardiac arrest of CryαB R120G transgenic mice, we prepared protein samples from left ventricular tissues of two different age groups (10 and 28 weeks) and examined Ca(2+) -handling proteins. Expression of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) 2, phospholamban, ryanodine receptor 2 and calsequestrin 2 was significantly decreased in 28- versus 10-week-old CryαB R120G transgenic mice. In addition, low heart rate variability, including heart rate, total power and low frequency, was observed and continuous electrocardiogram monitoring revealed cardiac arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia, atrioventricular block and atrial flutter, in 28-week-old CryαB R120G transgenic mice. In contrast, expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) degradation enhancing α-mannosidase-like protein, inositol requirement 1 and X-box binding protein 1 were increased significantly in 28- versus 10-week-old CryαBR120G transgenic mice, suggesting that the CryαBR120G transgenic mice exhibit increased ER stress compared with wild-type mice. Together, the data suggest that the CryαB R120G dominant variant induces ER stress and impairs Ca(2+) regulation, leading to ageing-related cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmias and decreased autonomic tone with shortened lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Institute of Ageing Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Physiology, Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tanwar V, Bylund JB, Hu J, Yan J, Walthall JM, Mukherjee A, Heaton WH, Wang WD, Potet F, Rai M, Kupershmidt S, Knapik EW, Hatzopoulos AK. Gremlin 2 promotes differentiation of embryonic stem cells to atrial fate by activation of the JNK signaling pathway. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1774-88. [PMID: 24648383 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein antagonist Gremlin 2 (Grem2) is required for atrial differentiation and establishment of cardiac rhythm during embryonic development. A human Grem2 variant has been associated with familial atrial fibrillation, suggesting that abnormal Grem2 activity causes arrhythmias. However, it is not known how Grem2 integrates into signaling pathways to direct atrial cardiomyocyte differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that Grem2 expression is induced concurrently with the emergence of cardiovascular progenitor cells during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Grem2 exposure enhances the cardiogenic potential of ESCs by 20-120-fold, preferentially inducing genes expressed in atrial myocytes such as Myl7, Nppa, and Sarcolipin. We show that Grem2 acts upstream to upregulate proatrial transcription factors CoupTFII and Hey1 and downregulate atrial fate repressors Irx4 and Hey2. The molecular phenotype of Grem2-induced atrial cardiomyocytes was further supported by induction of ion channels encoded by Kcnj3, Kcnj5, and Cacna1d genes and establishment of atrial-like action potentials shown by electrophysiological recordings. We show that promotion of atrial-like cardiomyocytes is specific to the Gremlin subfamily of BMP antagonists. Grem2 proatrial differentiation activity is conveyed by noncanonical BMP signaling through phosphorylation of JNK and can be reversed by specific JNK inhibitors, but not by dorsomorphin, an inhibitor of canonical BMP signaling. Taken together, our data provide novel mechanistic insights into atrial cardiomyocyte differentiation from pluripotent stem cells and will assist the development of future approaches to study and treat arrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Tanwar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Anderson DM, Anderson KM, Chang CL, Makarewich CA, Nelson BR, McAnally JR, Kasaragod P, Shelton JM, Liou J, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. A micropeptide encoded by a putative long noncoding RNA regulates muscle performance. Cell 2015; 160:595-606. [PMID: 25640239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 835] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Functional micropeptides can be concealed within RNAs that appear to be noncoding. We discovered a conserved micropeptide, which we named myoregulin (MLN), encoded by a skeletal muscle-specific RNA annotated as a putative long noncoding RNA. MLN shares structural and functional similarity with phospholamban (PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN), which inhibit SERCA, the membrane pump that controls muscle relaxation by regulating Ca(2+) uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). MLN interacts directly with SERCA and impedes Ca(2+) uptake into the SR. In contrast to PLN and SLN, which are expressed in cardiac and slow skeletal muscle in mice, MLN is robustly expressed in all skeletal muscle. Genetic deletion of MLN in mice enhances Ca(2+) handling in skeletal muscle and improves exercise performance. These findings identify MLN as an important regulator of skeletal muscle physiology and highlight the possibility that additional micropeptides are encoded in the many RNAs currently annotated as noncoding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Anderson
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Kelly M Anderson
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Chi-Lun Chang
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Catherine A Makarewich
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Benjamin R Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - John R McAnally
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Prasad Kasaragod
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - John M Shelton
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Jen Liou
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stammers AN, Susser SE, Hamm NC, Hlynsky MW, Kimber DE, Kehler DS, Duhamel TA. The regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium-ATPases (SERCA). Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:843-54. [PMID: 25730320 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) is responsible for transporting calcium (Ca(2+)) from the cytosol into the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) following muscular contraction. The Ca(2+) sequestering activity of SERCA facilitates muscular relaxation in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. There are more than 10 distinct isoforms of SERCA expressed in different tissues. SERCA2a is the primary isoform expressed in cardiac tissue, whereas SERCA1a is the predominant isoform expressed in fast-twitch skeletal muscle. The Ca(2+) sequestering activity of SERCA is regulated at the level of protein content and is further modified by the endogenous proteins phospholamban (PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN). Additionally, several novel mechanisms, including post-translational modifications and microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as integral regulators of Ca(2+) transport activity. These regulatory mechanisms are clinically relevant, as dysregulated SERCA function has been implicated in the pathology of several disease states, including heart failure. Currently, several clinical trials are underway that utilize novel therapeutic approaches to restore SERCA2a activity in humans. The purpose of this review is to examine the regulatory mechanisms of the SERCA pump, with a particular emphasis on the influence of exercise in preventing the pathological conditions associated with impaired SERCA function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Stammers
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Shanel E Susser
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.,c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Naomi C Hamm
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Michael W Hlynsky
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Dustin E Kimber
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - D Scott Kehler
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Todd A Duhamel
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.,c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bhattacharya S, Burridge PW, Kropp EM, Chuppa SL, Kwok WM, Wu JC, Boheler KR, Gundry RL. High efficiency differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to cardiomyocytes and characterization by flow cytometry. J Vis Exp 2014:52010. [PMID: 25286293 DOI: 10.3791/52010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop approaches for repairing the damaged heart, discovering new therapeutic drugs that do not have toxic effects on the heart, and improving strategies to accurately model heart disease. The potential of exploiting human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology to generate cardiac muscle "in a dish" for these applications continues to generate high enthusiasm. In recent years, the ability to efficiently generate cardiomyogenic cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has greatly improved, offering us new opportunities to model very early stages of human cardiac development not otherwise accessible. In contrast to many previous methods, the cardiomyocyte differentiation protocol described here does not require cell aggregation or the addition of Activin A or BMP4 and robustly generates cultures of cells that are highly positive for cardiac troponin I and T (TNNI3, TNNT2), iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-4 (IRX4), myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform (MLC2v) and myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform (MLC2a) by day 10 across all human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and hiPSC lines tested to date. Cells can be passaged and maintained for more than 90 days in culture. The strategy is technically simple to implement and cost-effective. Characterization of cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent cells often includes the analysis of reference markers, both at the mRNA and protein level. For protein analysis, flow cytometry is a powerful analytical tool for assessing quality of cells in culture and determining subpopulation homogeneity. However, technical variation in sample preparation can significantly affect quality of flow cytometry data. Thus, standardization of staining protocols should facilitate comparisons among various differentiation strategies. Accordingly, optimized staining protocols for the analysis of IRX4, MLC2v, MLC2a, TNNI3, and TNNT2 by flow cytometry are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Erin M Kropp
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | | | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Kenneth R Boheler
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong University; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin; Cardiovascular Research Center, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Holemans T, Vandecaetsbeek I, Wuytack F, Vangheluwe P. Measuring Ca2+-dependent Ca2+-uptake activity in the mouse heart. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2014; 2014:876-86. [PMID: 25086013 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot076893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The apparent Ca(2+) affinity of the isoforms of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase SERCA2 is controlled primarily by two proteins, phospholamban (PLB) and sarcolipin (SLN). The rate of ATP-driven Ca(2+) uptake into sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-derived vesicles can be monitored by a technique in which the net uptake of (45)Ca(2+) in the form of an intravesicular calcium oxalate precipitate is recorded. Here, we present details of a modification of such a protocol for determining the apparent Ca(2+) affinity of the Ca(2+) pump, and its control by various regulators, in crude homogenates of mouse heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tine Holemans
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Vandecaetsbeek
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Wuytack
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Josowitz R, Lu J, Falce C, D’Souza SL, Wu M, Cohen N, Dubois NC, Zhao Y, Sobie EA, Fishman GI, Gelb BD. Identification and purification of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial-like cardiomyocytes based on sarcolipin expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101316. [PMID: 25010565 PMCID: PMC4092021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to study atrial biology and disease has been restricted by the lack of a reliable method for stem cell-derived atrial cell labeling and purification. The goal of this study was to generate an atrial-specific reporter construct to identify and purify human stem cell-derived atrial-like cardiomyocytes. We have created a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) reporter construct in which fluorescence is driven by expression of the atrial-specific gene sarcolipin (SLN). When purified using flow cytometry, cells with high fluorescence specifically express atrial genes and display functional calcium handling and electrophysiological properties consistent with atrial cardiomyocytes. Our data indicate that SLN can be used as a marker to successfully monitor and isolate hiPSC-derived atrial-like cardiomyocytes. These purified cells may find many applications, including in the study of atrial-specific pathologies and chamber-specific lineage development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Josowitz
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jia Lu
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Christine Falce
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sunita L. D’Souza
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Meng Wu
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ninette Cohen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicole C. Dubois
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yong Zhao
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Eric A. Sobie
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Glenn I. Fishman
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Bruce D. Gelb
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Thromboxane A(2) receptor stimulation promotes closure of the rat ductus arteriosus through enhancing neointima formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94895. [PMID: 24736499 PMCID: PMC3988076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ductus arteriosus (DA) closure follows constriction and remodeling of the entire vessel wall. Patent ductus arteriosus occurs when the DA does not close after birth, and this condition is currently treated using cyclooxygenase inhibitors. However, the efficacy of cyclooxygenase inhibitors is often limited. Our previous study demonstrated that low-dose thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) stimulation constricted the DA with minimal adverse effects in rat neonates. However, its effect on DA remodeling remains unknown. In this study, we focused on the impact of the exogenous TP stimulation on the DA remodeling, especially intimal thickening. Using DA explants from rat fetuses at embryonic day 19 as a ex vivo model and primary cultured rat DA smooth muscle cells from embryonic day 21 as a in vitro model, we evaluated the effect of TP stimulation on the DA remodeling. The selective TP agonists U46619 and I-BOP promoted neointima formation in the ex vivo DA explants, and TP stimulation increased DA SMC migration in a dose-dependent manner. Both effects were inhibited by the selective TP antagonist SQ29548 or the siRNA against TP. TP stimulation also increased DA SMC proliferation in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum. LC/MS/MS analysis revealed that TP stimulation increased secretion of several extracellular matrix proteins that may contribute to an increase in neointima formation. In conclusion, we uncovered that exogenous administration of TP agonist promotes neointima formation through the induction of migration and proliferation of DA SMC, which could contribute to DA closure and also to its vasoconstrictive action.
Collapse
|
41
|
Lu TY, Lin B, Kim J, Sullivan M, Tobita K, Salama G, Yang L. Repopulation of decellularized mouse heart with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2307. [PMID: 23942048 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the world. Heart tissue engineering holds a great promise for future heart disease therapy by building personalized heart tissues. Here we create heart constructs by repopulating decellularized mouse hearts with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived multipotential cardiovascular progenitor cells. We show that the seeded multipotential cardiovascular progenitor cells migrate, proliferate and differentiate in situ into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells to reconstruct the decellularized hearts. After 20 days of perfusion, the engineered heart tissues exhibit spontaneous contractions, generate mechanical force and are responsive to drugs. In addition, we observe that heart extracellular matrix promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation, differentiation and myofilament formation from the repopulated human multipotential cardiovascular progenitor cells. Our novel strategy to engineer personalized heart constructs could benefit the study of early heart formation or may find application in preclinical testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Ying Lu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Groenke S, Larson ED, Alber S, Zhang R, Lamp ST, Ren X, Nakano H, Jordan MC, Karagueuzian HS, Roos KP, Nakano A, Proenza C, Philipson KD, Goldhaber JI. Complete atrial-specific knockout of sodium-calcium exchange eliminates sinoatrial node pacemaker activity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81633. [PMID: 24278453 PMCID: PMC3836769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of sinoatrial node (SAN) pacemaker activity in the heart is controversial. The leading candidates are diastolic depolarization by "funny" current (If) through HCN4 channels (the "Membrane Clock" hypothesis), depolarization by cardiac Na-Ca exchange (NCX1) in response to intracellular Ca cycling (the "Calcium Clock" hypothesis), and a combination of the two ("Coupled Clock"). To address this controversy, we used Cre/loxP technology to generate atrial-specific NCX1 KO mice. NCX1 protein was undetectable in KO atrial tissue, including the SAN. Surface ECG and intracardiac electrograms showed no atrial depolarization and a slow junctional escape rhythm in KO that responded appropriately to β-adrenergic and muscarinic stimulation. Although KO atria were quiescent they could be stimulated by external pacing suggesting that electrical coupling between cells remained intact. Despite normal electrophysiological properties of If in isolated patch clamped KO SAN cells, pacemaker activity was absent. Recurring Ca sparks were present in all KO SAN cells, suggesting that Ca cycling persists but is uncoupled from the sarcolemma. We conclude that NCX1 is required for normal pacemaker activity in murine SAN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Groenke
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Eric D. Larson
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sarah Alber
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rui Zhang
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Scott T. Lamp
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Haruko Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Maria C. Jordan
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hrayr S. Karagueuzian
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kenneth P. Roos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Catherine Proenza
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kenneth D. Philipson
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua I. Goldhaber
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abraham DM, Wolf MJ. Disruption of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase function in Drosophila leads to cardiac dysfunction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77785. [PMID: 24098595 PMCID: PMC3789689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA) function has been associated with poor cardiac function in humans. While modifiers of SERCA function have been identified and studied using animal models, further investigation has been limited by the absence of a model system that is amenable to large-scale genetic screens. Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model system for the investigation of SERCA function due to the significant homology to human SERCA and the availability of versatile genetic screening tools. To further the use of Drosophila as a model for examining the role of SERCA in cardiac function, we examined cardiac function in adult flies. Using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging in awake, adult Drosophila, we have been able to characterize cardiac chamber dimensions in flies with disrupted in Drosophila SERCA (CaP60A). We found that the best studied CaP60A mutant, the conditional paralytic mutant CaP60Akum170, develops marked bradycardia and chamber enlargement that is closely linked to the onset of paralysis and dependent on extra cardiac CaP60A. In contrast to prior work, we show that disruption of CaP60A in a cardiac specific manner results in cardiac dilation and dysfunction rather than alteration in heart rate. In addition, the co-expression of a calcium release channel mutation with CaP60A kum170 is sufficient to rescue the cardiac phenotype but not paralysis. Finally, we show that CaP60A overexpression is able to rescue cardiac function in a model of Drosophila cardiac dysfunction similar to what is observed in mammals. Thus, we present a cardiac phenotype associated with Drosophila SERCA dysfunction that would serve as additional phenotyping for further large-scale genetic screens for novel modifiers of SERCA function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M. Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Wolf
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gorski PA, Glaves JP, Vangheluwe P, Young HS. Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) inhibition by sarcolipin is encoded in its luminal tail. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:8456-8467. [PMID: 23362265 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.446161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) is regulated in a tissue-dependent manner via interaction with the short integral membrane proteins phospholamban (PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN). Although defects in SERCA activity are known to cause heart failure, the regulatory mechanisms imposed by PLN and SLN could have clinical implications for both heart and skeletal muscle diseases. PLN and SLN have significant sequence homology in their transmembrane regions, suggesting a similar mode of binding to SERCA. However, unlike PLN, SLN has a conserved C-terminal luminal tail composed of five amino acids ((27)RSYQY), which may contribute to a distinct SERCA regulatory mechanism. We have functionally characterized alanine mutants of the C-terminal tail of SLN using co-reconstituted proteoliposomes of SERCA and SLN. We found that Arg(27) and Tyr(31) are essential for SLN function. We also tested the effect of a truncated variant of SLN (Arg(27)stop) and extended chimeras of PLN with the five luminal residues of SLN added to its C terminus. The Arg(27)stop form of SLN resulted in loss of function, whereas the PLN chimeras resulted in superinhibition with characteristics of both PLN and SLN. Based on our results, we propose that the C-terminal tail of SLN is a distinct, essential domain in the regulation of SERCA and that the functional properties of the SLN tail can be transferred to PLN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemek A Gorski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - John Paul Glaves
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada; National Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Howard S Young
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada; National Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Riley G, Syeda F, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L. An introduction to murine models of atrial fibrillation. Front Physiol 2012; 3:296. [PMID: 22934047 PMCID: PMC3429067 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of re-entrant arrhythmias in the past 30 years has allowed the development of almost curative therapies for many rhythm disturbances. The complex, polymorphic arrhythmias of atrial fibrillation (AF) and sudden death are, unfortunately, not yet well understood, and hence still in need of adequate therapy. AF contributes markedly to morbidity and mortality in aging Western populations. In the past decade, many genetically altered murine models have been described and characterized. Here, we review genetically altered murine models of AF; powerful tools that will enable a better understanding of the mechanisms of AF and the assessment of novel therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genna Riley
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Seth M, Li T, Graham V, Burch J, Finch E, Stiber JA, Rosenberg PB. Dynamic regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores by stromal interaction molecule 1 and sarcolipin during muscle differentiation. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:639-47. [PMID: 22411552 PMCID: PMC3306055 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During muscle development, the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) undergoes remodeling to establish a specialized internal Ca(2+) store for muscle contraction. We hypothesized that store operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) is required to fill Ca(2+) stores and is, therefore, critical to creating a mature SR/ER. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) functions as a sensor of internal Ca(2+) store content and an activator of SOCE channels. Myocytes lacking STIM1 display reduced SR Ca(2+) content and altered expression of key SR proteins. Sarcolipin (SLN), an inhibitor of the SR calcium pump, was markedly increased in the muscle of mutant STIM1 mice. SLN opposes the actions of STIM1 by limiting SOCE, reducing SR Ca(2+) content and delaying muscle differentiation. During mouse muscle development SLN is highly expressed in embryonic muscle, while the expression of STIM1 is up-regulated postnatally. These results suggest that SOCE regulates SR/ER specialization and that SLN and STIM1 act in opposing fashions to govern SOCE during myogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malini Seth
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jiao Q, Takeshima H, Ishikawa Y, Minamisawa S. Sarcalumenin plays a critical role in age-related cardiac dysfunction due to decreases in SERCA2a expression and activity. Cell Calcium 2011; 51:31-9. [PMID: 22119571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Impaired Ca(2+) reuptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) underlies a primary pathogenesis of heart failure in the aging heart. Sarcalumenin (SAR), a Ca(2+)-binding glycoprotein located in the longitudinal SR, regulates Ca(2+) reuptake by interacting with SR Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA). Here we found that the expression levels of both SAR and SERCA2 proteins were significantly downregulated in senescent wild-type mice (18-month old) and that downregulation of SAR protein preceded downregulation of SERCA2 protein. The downregulation of SERCA2 protein was greater in senescent SARKO mice than in age-matched senescent wild-type mice, which was at least in part due to progressive degradation of SERCA2 protein in SARKO mice. Senescent SARKO mice exhibited typical findings of heart failure such as increased sympathetic activity, impaired exercise tolerance, and upregulation of biomarkers of cardiac stress. Consequently, cardiac function was progressively decreased in senescent SARKO. We also found that the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes such as x-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) were significantly increased in senescent SARKO mice, indicating that senescent SARKO mice exhibited ER stress. Thus we uncovered the important role of SAR in maintaining Ca(2+) transport activity of SERCA2a and cardiac function in the senescent population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Jiao
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tupling AR, Bombardier E, Gupta SC, Hussain D, Vigna C, Bloemberg D, Quadrilatero J, Trivieri MG, Babu GJ, Backx PH, Periasamy M, MacLennan DH, Gramolini AO. Enhanced Ca2+ transport and muscle relaxation in skeletal muscle from sarcolipin-null mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C841-9. [PMID: 21697544 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00409.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sarcolipin (SLN) inhibits sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) pumps. To evaluate the physiological significance of SLN in skeletal muscle, we compared muscle contractility and SERCA activity between Sln-null and wild-type mice. SLN protein expression in wild-type mice was abundant in soleus and red gastrocnemius (RG), low in extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and absent from white gastrocnemius (WG). SERCA activity rates were increased in soleus and RG, but not in EDL or WG, from Sln-null muscles, compared with wild type. No differences were seen between wild-type and Sln-null EDL muscles in force-frequency curves or maximum rates of force development (+dF/dt). Maximum relaxation rates (-dF/dt) of EDL were higher in Sln-null than wild type across a range of submaximal stimulation frequencies, but not during a twitch or peak tetanic contraction. For soleus, no differences were seen between wild type and Sln-null in peak tetanic force or +dF/dt; however, force-frequency curves showed that peak force during a twitch and 10-Hz contraction was lower in Sln-null. Changes in the soleus force-frequency curve corresponded with faster rates of force relaxation at nearly all stimulation frequencies in Sln-null compared with wild type. Repeated tetanic stimulation of soleus caused increased (-dF/dt) in wild type, but not in Sln-null. No compensatory responses were detected in analysis of other Ca(2+) regulatory proteins using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry or myosin heavy chain expression using immunofluorescence. These results show that 1) SLN regulates Ca(2+)-ATPase activity thereby regulating contractile kinetics in at least some skeletal muscles, 2) the functional significance of SLN is graded to the endogenous SLN expression level, and 3) SLN inhibitory effects on SERCA function are relieved in response to repeated contractions thus enhancing relaxation rates.
Collapse
|
49
|
Comunian C, Rusconi F, De Palma A, Brunetti P, Catalucci D, Mauri PL. A comparative MudPIT analysis identifies different expression profiles in heart compartments. Proteomics 2011; 11:2320-8. [PMID: 21598388 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies indistinctly affect atrial and ventricular cardiac compartments with alterations of their mechanical and/or electrical activity. To understand the main mechanisms involved in these pathological alterations, a detailed knowledge of the physiology of the healthy heart is critical. In the present work, we utilize multidimensional protein identification technology to characterize the murine left ventricle (LV), right ventricle (RV), and atria (A) proteomes, identifying thousands of distinct proteins. Moreover, using multidimensional algorithm protein map tool, relative abundances of proteins among the heart chambers were investigated. In sum, we found 16 and 55 proteins were more abundant in LV compared to RV and A, respectively; 47 and 60 proteins were more abundant in RV than LV and A, respectively; and, 81 and 74 proteins were more abundant in A than LV and RV, respectively. This detailed characterization of myocardial compartment proteome represents an important advancement in the knowledge of heart physiology, and may contribute to the identification of key features underlying the onset of cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Comunian
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB)-CNR, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vandecaetsbeek I, Vangheluwe P, Raeymaekers L, Wuytack F, Vanoevelen J. The Ca2+ pumps of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011; 3:cshperspect.a004184. [PMID: 21441596 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a004184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The various splice variants of the three SERCA- and the two SPCA-pump genes in higher vertebrates encode P-type ATPases of the P(2A) group found respectively in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and the secretory pathway. Of these, SERCA2b and SPCA1a represent the housekeeping isoforms. The SERCA2b form is characterized by a luminal carboxy terminus imposing a higher affinity for cytosolic Ca(2+) compared to the other SERCAs. This is mediated by intramembrane and luminal interactions of this extension with the pump. Other known affinity modulators like phospholamban and sarcolipin decrease the affinity for Ca(2+). The number of proteins reported to interact with SERCA is rapidly growing. Here, we limit the discussion to those for which the interaction site with the ATPase is specified: HAX-1, calumenin, histidine-rich Ca(2+)-binding protein, and indirectly calreticulin, calnexin, and ERp57. The role of the phylogenetically older and structurally simpler SPCAs as transporters of Ca(2+), but also of Mn(2+), is also addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Vandecaetsbeek
- Laboratory of Ca-transport ATPases, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|